Development and Formulation of Anti-Acne Gel From Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis

ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301
Development and Formulation of Anti-Acne Gel

from Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis
Riddhi Nandanwar and Dr. Nandu Kayande
Thakur Shivkumar Singh Memorial Pharmacy College, Burhanpur, MP, India
Abstract: Objective: Hibiscus contains acids that act as chemical exfoliators and help to clear the clogged
skin pores. It also has antibacterial properties that work to fight acne-causing bacteria on the skin. Thus, it
prevents the formation of pimples. Acne, one among the very fashionable socially distressing skin
conditions created by Propionibacterium acne have generally been treated by antibiotics. Within the light
of the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, natural plant products are applied as a safer alternative.
Keeping the very fact in the background, during this research work, the formulation of gel from the extracts
of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower are prepared and evaluated as an anti-acne drug.
Methods: The fresh flower extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening. Gel formulation of the
extracts was developed and evaluated. The manufactured formulations were subjected to In vitro
antibacterial activity against P. acnes, S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Gel formulations containing the flower
extract were prepared based on a HPMC gel.
Keywords: Anti-Acne, Herbal, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Anti-oxidant, Anti-bacterium, Anti- inflammatory,
P. acne, HPMC.
I. INTRODUCTION
Hibiscus, commonly called Roselle, belongs to the family Malvaceae. Hibiscus has over 300 species of flowering
plants, and one of them is Hibiscus sabdariffa Linne. It is considered a multipurpose plant that may have various health
benefits. Hibiscus is a perennial flowering plant grown throughout the seasons. The shrub originated in Africa and is
planted worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions of India, China, Sudan, Malaysia, Taiwan and many other
countries. Hibiscus is cultivated for flowers, leaves, stems, seeds and roots. Hibiscus flowers and seed oils are widely
used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations. Hibiscus has medicinal value, which has been referenced in
Ayurveda and the Chinese medicine system. It is commonly called Lalambari or Gudhal in Hindi and Jaswandh in
Marathi. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a bushy, evergreen shrub or small tree growing 2.5–5 m (8–16 ft) tall and 1.5–3 m
(5–10 ft) wide, with glossy leaves and solitary (axillary), symmetrical, typically red flowers in summer and autumn.
The five-petaled flowers are 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with prominent orange-tipped red anthers. Cultivars and hybrids
have flowers in a variety of colors as well as red: white, pink, orange, peach, yellow, blue, and purple. Some plants
have double flowers.
1.1 China Rose

At the bottom of every hibiscus bud is the calyx, which is green in color. The pointed ends of the calyx are called the
sepals. When the hibiscus begins to bloom, the flower's petals begin to grow. Each hibiscus flower has both male and
female parts. The ovary and other female parts of the flower lie in the main structure of the hibiscus: the pistil, which is
long and tubular. The five "hairy" spots at the top of the pistil make up the stigma, which is where pollen is collected. In
the middle of the pistil is the style, which is the tube down which pollen travels to the ovary. The ovary lies at the
bottom of the blossom, and each hibiscus has only one superior ovary. The male part of the flower, called the stamen,
consists of stem-like filaments and anthers. Each filament ends with the pollen-producing anther. The hibiscus plant has
a branched taproot. The plant's stem is aerial, erect, green, cylindrical, and branched. The leaf is simple and petiolate,
with alternate phyllotaxy. The leaf shape is ovate, the tip is acute, and the margin is serrated. Venation is unicostate
reticulate, meaning the leaves' veins are branched or divergent. Free lateral stipules are present.
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1.2 ACNE
Acne vulgaris, known as acne, is a common chronic disease caused by abnormal sebaceous production within skin
follicles. This disease often affects self confidence. The pathological feature of acne starts when abnormal sebaceous
therapeutics for acne treatment, they have a lot of side effects caused by chemical ingredients in the cosmetic products,
which frequently result in skin irritation and bacterial resistance problems. Recently, many reports have demonstrated
that natural active compounds such as proteins or peptides derived from plants and animals display anti-acne properties
with low toxicity to humans. Hence, many efforts have been made to use these compounds in the context of
supplementary cosmetic products.
[9] Tropical regions, particularly Southeast Asia, are a rich source of biodiversity, especially with high varieties of
medicinal plant and animal extracts. One medicinal derivative from animals is crocodile blood, a rich source of active
proteins or peptides that demonstrate various biological properties. Previous reports have shown that crocodile blood
components, such as the serum of the American alligator exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and is
anti- virus in addition, our reports demonstrate that Siamese crocodile blood had antibacterial activity, especially
crocodile leukocytes. There are peptides that have been discovered from Siamese crocodile leukocyte extracts, these
peptides exhibit broad- spectrum antimicrobial activity. Moreover, crude crocodile leukocyte extract contains several
biological properties, such as antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Crocodile leukocyte extract is
believed to represent a source of biologically active peptides, which may be suitable for developing a crocodile
leukocyte-based cosmetics product as an anti-acne gel. Thus, in this study, the feasibility of preparing crocodile
leukocyte extract anti-acne skin-care gel products assessed.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS

 Collection of Plant Material: The Plant Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is collected from medicinal garden of Thakur
Shivkumarsingh Memorial Pharmacy College. Methyl paraben, propyl glycol, and propyl paraben were
procured from Thakur Shivkumarsingh Memorial Pharmacy College Burhanpur.
 Method : Drying pf Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower (petals) – Drying is a simultaneous heat and mass transfer
process which involves removal of water from a solid. Hibiscus flower dried by hot air-oven at 60OC after
being frozen.
 Powered making – After drying process, the hibiscus flower (petals) are finely ground in a motor pestle.
 Extraction: Dried powder of flower was extracted by continuous hot extraction (maceration) method using
methanol (95%). The extract obtained was concentrated and then subjected to phytochemical screening. 100g
methanolic extract was refluxed with 100 ml 5% HCl solution for 1 hour. The chemical constituents were later
separated in semisolid form.
Table 1. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of flower
Phytochemical Test
Alkaloids Mayer test
Glycoside Keller test
Flavonoids Shinoda’s test
Proteins And amino acid Biuret test
Carbohydrates Benedicts test
Tannin Ferric Chloride test
Saponins Frothing test

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Formulation of Gels:
Method of preparation: Required quantity of HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose) was soaked in some amount
of distilled water for 2 to 3 hrs. (Phase I). Required quantity of Flower Extract was dissolved in the small amount of
Propylene glycol propyl paraben and methyl paraben were later added (Phase II). Phase I and II were mixed and
adjusted to a pH of 6.8-7.4 with drop wise addition of triethanolamine. The remaining quantity of distilled water was
then added to make up the final 100gm weight. Stir the formulation with mechanical stirrer to homogenize the
formulation.
Table 2. Formulation of gel
Formulation of gel
Ingredients F1 F2 F3
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract 0.02% 0.05% 0.1%

HPMC 0.9% 0.9% 0.9%
Propylene glycol 20% 20% 20%
Propyl; paraben 0.08% 0.08% 0.08%
Methyl paraben 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Triethanolamine q.s q.s q.s
Water q.s q.s q.s
Evaluation of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract Gel Formulation

The following parameters were evaluated from formulation:
Physical Appearance:
 Color: The color of the formulation was checked out against a White background.
 Consistency: The consistency was checked by applying on skin.
 Odour: The odour of the gels was checked by mixing the gel in water and taking the smell.
 DETERMINATION OF PH: The pH of various gel formulations was determined by using digital pH paper.
The measurement of pH of each formulation was done and average values are calculated.
 DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY: The measurement of viscosity of the prepared gel was done with a
Brookfield Viscometer. The gels were rotated at 0.3, 0.6 and 1.5 rotations per minute. At each speed, the
corresponding dial reading was noted.
 DETERMINATION OF SPREABABILITY : One of the criteria for a gel to meet the ideal quantities is that
it should possess good spreadability. It is the term expressed to denote the extent of area to which gel readily
spreads on application to skin or affected part. The therapeutic efficacy of a formulation also depends upon its
spreading value. Spreadability is expressed in terms of time in seconds taken by two slides to slip off from gel
and placed in between the slides under the direction of certain load. Lesser the time taken for separation of two
slides, better the spreadability. Spreadability was calculated by using the following the formula:
S=( × )
Where, S = Spreadability
M = Weight in the pan (tied to the upper slide) L = Length of the glass slide
T= Time (in sec) taken to separate the slides.
 DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY: The culture of above bacteria’s was
standardized by spectrophotometric method using Mc Farland turbidity standard. The test organism used was
grown on the plates of specified medium for specified time. The

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inoculum suspension was prepared by picking 5 colonies of at least 1 mm diameter and suspending the material in 5 ml
sterile 0.85% sodium chloride to match that 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. This produced a cell suspension
containing 1x106 to 5x106 cells per ml, which was diluted in the ratio 1:100 with the desired test medium to provide
starting inoculums of 1x104 to 1x104 cells per ml.
III. RESULTS
 FORMULATION OF ANTI-ACNE GEL: Anti-Acne gel was successfully formulated by using natural
active ingredient like Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower Extract used Against Acne for face with anti-inflammatory
, anti-oxidant properties and were used for further evaluation. Various evaluation parameters are done and their
results has given.
Phytochemical Screening Of Hibiscus-Rosa-Sinensis Extract :

Table 3: Table Showing Phytochemical Present in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Flower)
Phytochemical Name of Test Methanolic flower extract
of Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Alkaloids Mayer’s test +
Glycoside Keller Kilani test -
Flavonoids Shinoda’s test -
Proteins and amino acids Biuret test +
Carbohydrates Benedicts test +
Tannin & Phenol Ferric chloride test -
Saponins Frothing test +
Evaluated Of Anti-Acne Gel :

Table 4. Physicochemical characteristics of Anti-Acne gel
S.No Parameters Anti-Acne gel Procured
1 Color Orange-yellow
2 Odour Aromatic
3 Acid value 3.66
4 Solubility Freely soluble
Table 5. Characteristics of gel formulation

Formulation color Appearance pH Spreadability Viscosity Homogeneity
F1 Orange-yellow Translucent 6.6 18.20 24.937 Good


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Table 6. Formulation of Anti-Acne gel chart
30
25
20
pH
15 Spreadability
Viscosity
0
F1 F2 F3
IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis seem to have inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria, fungi and virus in vitro. However,
there are a few clinical evidences about the effectiveness and safety of these plant in the treatment of ace and other skin
infections. Also a gel formulation F3 with 0.1% flower extract was found to be effective against P. acne. The gel
formulations also complied with standards of various pharmaceutical parameters. Thus the present research work
suggests that Hibiscus gel formulation holds a tremendous potential against acne and can prove to be a safe and
efficacious remedy for treating this dermatological disorder. However an elaborate protocol for the clinical trials is
needed to be designed and implemented to check the anti-acne activity on human volunteers. In the research
project before formulate the Anti-Acne gel various identification test are to be done successfully, phytochemical
screening study of Alkaloids, Glycoside, Flavonoids, Proteins and amino acids, Carbohydrates, Tannin, Saponins test
are perform of hibiscus extract. In Anti-Acne gel alkaloids should be present in gel to settle down acne on face, so In
my gel formulation Proteins, Carbohydrates, Saponins, alkaloids is present. In my Anti Acne gel formulation Chemical
constituents is present.
REFERENCES
[1]. Ehrhardt Praoksch, johanna M. Brandner, jens-michael Jensen, “The skin : an indispensable barrier” ISSN 12,
Vol.17, page 1063-1072, December (2008).
[2]. Ron.Carter, Cambridge words “Herbs” Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus combridge
University press”. (24 October 2022).
[3]. Arber, Agnes, 1986Herbals. Their Origin & Evoluation, a chapterin the History of botany 1470-
1670,Cambridge ISBN 0-521-33879-4,(1912).
[4]. Aderson Frank J. ”An llustrated HUistory of the Herbals” ISBN 0-231,040024.
[5]. Andrews, Theodara , “A Biblography on Herbs, Herbs medicine, “Natural Foods & Unconventional Medical
Treatment Littleton, colorade : Librarial unlimited, ISBN 0- 87287-288-2.
[6]. “Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Germplasm Resources information Network”, Agriculture Resource services,( 2
August 2014).
[7]. “RHS Plant Selector Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cooper” Royal Horticultural society (23 august 2020).
[8]. “Genus: Hibiscus” Gerplasm Resources information network, united state Department of Agricultural,(30
October 2020).
[9]. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garde plant United Kingdom. Darling Kindersely p.1136, ISBN 978-1405332965
(2008).
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ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023