Hammad (225119)

Leadership:

The word leadership is derived from an old English word “leadere” which means the one who

leads and “laedan” meaning to guide or bring forth.

Leadership is the ability of an individual or a group of individuals to influence and guide

followers or other members of an organization. It is the accomplishment of goal through the

direction of human assistants.

Leaders are found and required in most aspects of society, from business to politics to region to

community-based organizations. The leadership is about mapping out where you need to go to

“win” as a team or an organization.

Leadership involves:

• Making sound-and sometimes difficult decisions.

• Creating and articulating a clear vision, establishing achievable goals.

• And providing followers with the knowledge and tools necessary to achieve those goals.

Great leaders have the ability to make strategic and visionary decisions and convince others to

follow those decisions. The consensus is leaders create a vision and can successfully get others

to work toward achieving that goal. They do this by setting direction and inspiring others to

want to succeed in achieving the end result. Moreover, they are capable of getting people

excited and motivated to work toward the vision.

the tasks that achieve the leader's goal.

Leadership requires individuals to possess certain key traits, such as strong communication

skills, charisma, assertiveness and empathy.

Many individuals inherently possess some leadership traits, but most individuals have to

develop many, if not all, of the characteristics associated with leadership.

Muskan (225207)

Characteristics of a leader:

• Loyalty.

• Self-confidence.

• Creativity and innovation.

• Honesty and integrity.

• Delegation.

• Social influence.

Some of the key characteristics that a leader needs to possess are self-confidence and

motivation. As he is going to inspire and motivate a lot of people around him so he needs to be

confident and motivated within himself. Also, he needs to be a trustworthy and honest person

as he is trusted by all his followers.

certain goal. He also needs be a good communicator as he is going to interact with a lot of

people so he won’t be heard or understood by others unless he is a good communicator.

Types of leadership:

Autocratic:

It involves making decisions without consulting others. This can be a great way for quick

decision making as it excludes non-qualified people from weighing in, but it can also make

people feel excluded from important decisions.

Servant leadership style:

The servant leader aims to serve the needs of their team, and create a satisfactory employment

environment for everyone. This leadership style can have difficulty when you need to make

unpopular choices, and can be slower in solving problems than autocratic style, but there are

also scientifically recognized connections between employee happiness and productivity.

Democratic style:
This style is also known as the participative leadership style. In this style every member takes

part in the decisions making procedure. Democratic leaders can take advantage of the wisdom

of the employees or members.

Transactional:

This leadership style focuses on the results, conforms to the existing structure of an

organization and measures success according to the organization’s systems of reward and

penalties.

Bureaucratic leadership:

It is basically about establishing rules and procedures for everyone to follow, which leaves no

room for guesswork when it comes to expectations. This kind of leadership isn’t ideal for

innovative or creative problem-solving processes, but great for routine-oriented jobs.

Charismatic style:

Charismatic leadership is a form of professional guidance or management built on a foundation

of strong communication skills, persuasiveness, and may be a little bit of charm to help them

get the most out of everyone that works for them.

Transformational:

It is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its

ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of

developing followers into leaders.

This leadership style is adopted when the concern is to satisfy both of the parties. It creates a

win-win situation for both parties as both of them take part in the decision-making procedure.

Laissez-faire:

Laissez-faire leaders have an attitude of trust and reliance on their employees. They don’t

micromanage or get too involved; they don’t give too much instructions or guidance. Instead,

they let their followers use their own creativity, resources and experience to help them meet

their goals.

Muniba Batool (225208)

Theories of leadership:

Early leadership theories focused on what qualities distinguished between leaders and

followers, while subsequent theories looked at other variables such as situational factors and

skill levels. While many different leadership theories have emerged, following are some of the

theories of leadership:

Great man theory:

According to this point of view, great leaders are simply born with the necessary internal

characteristics such as charisma, confidence, intelligence, and social skills that make them

natural-born leaders. Great man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent—

that great leaders are born, not made. These theories often portray great leaders as heroic,
mythic, and destined to rise to leadership when needed. The term "Great Man" was used

because, at the time, leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms

of military leadership. Such theories suggest that people cannot really learn how to become

strong leaders. It's either something you are born with or born without.

Trait theory:

Similar in some ways to Great Man theories, trait theories assume that people inherit certain

qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify a

particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. For example, traits like

extroversion, self-confidence, and courage are all traits that could potentially be linked to great

leaders. If particular traits are key features of leadership, then how do we explain people who

possess those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the difficulties in using trait

theories to explain leadership.

There are plenty of people who possess the personality traits associated with leadership, yet

many of these people never seek out positions of leadership. There are also people who lack

some of the key traits often associated with effective leadership yet still excel at leading groups.

Behavioral theory:

If particular traits are key features of leadership, then how do we explain people who possess

those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the difficulties in using trait theories

to explain leadership.
There are plenty of people who possess the personality traits associated with leadership, yet

many of these people never seek out positions of leadership. There are also people who lack

some of the key traits often associated with effective leadership yet still excel at leading groups.

Situational theory:

Situational theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon

situational variables. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain types of

decision-making.

For example, in a situation where the leader is the most knowledgeable and experienced

member of a group, an authoritarian style might be most appropriate. In other instances where

group members are skilled experts, a democratic style would be more effective.

Participative theory:

Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the

input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from

group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-

making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the

input of others.
Badar (225216)

Relevancy of leadership with BBA:

The influence of a leader, good or bad, can resonate throughout the organization.

Effective leadership in business can bolster and promote teamwork, cultivate sense of greater

good, motivate, inspire, trust, or provide purpose and direction.

Powers a leader possess:

Legitimate power:

actually, this is legal power mean a leader can take a legal work from his employee for example,

a teacher taking a test from his student, in this teacher is a leader and taking legal work from

his student (employee)

Coercive power:

in this leader has a power to punish someone for example, if someone is not obeying rules or

not doing work properly in an organization so leader can punish him

Reward power:

in this leader has a power to reward someone mean in this if someone is doing well in an

organization so by giving incentive, he can reward his employees

Referent power:
is a type of power that stems from a leader's ability to inspire and influence others. This

authority comes from the extent to which people admire, respect, and like a specific leader