Unit6 AtmosphericDistillationOfCrude Lecture
Unit6 AtmosphericDistillationOfCrude Lecture
Unit6 AtmosphericDistillationOfCrude Lecture
2016
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Introduction
2
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Introduction
3
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Process Description
The incoming crude oil
is preheated by
exchanging heat with
some of the hot,
distilled fractions and
other streams.
It is then desalted to
remove inorganic salts.
Process Description
It is then heated in a
fuel-fired furnace to a
temperature of about
398 °C and routed into
the bottom of the
distillation unit.
Process Description
Additional heat is
removed from the
distillation column by a
pumparound system.
The overhead
distillate fraction from
the distillation column
is naphtha.
The fractions
removed from the
side of the distillation
column at various
points between the
column top and bottom
are called sidecuts.
Figure 1. Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit
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PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Process Description
Each of the sidecuts
(i.e., the kerosene,
light gas oil and heavy
gas oil) is cooled by
exchanging heat with
the incoming crude oil.
Gases
Light straight run naphtha (also called light gasoline
or light naphtha)
Heavy gasoline (also called military jet fuel)
Kerosene (also called light distillate or jet fuel)
Middle distillates called diesel or light gas oil (LGO)
Heavy distillates called atmospheric gas oil (AGO) or
heavy gas oil (HGO)
Crude column bottoms called atmospheric residue
or topped crude.
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PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Cut points
Degree of fractionation
Overflash (Reflux)
Column Pressure
Overhead Temperature
9
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Cut points
10
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Cut points
11
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Cut points
12
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Cut points
The residue flow rate, the internal reflux rate, and the
pumparounds are also affected.
The internal reflux rate affects the degree of
fractionation.
It can be increased by increasing the heater outlet
temperature, and by lowering the pumparound duty
in the lower section of the column.
When less heat is removed by the lower
pumparound, more vapours will be available up the
column and more internal reflux is produced as the
vapours are condensed.
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PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Degree of Fractionation
Degree of Fractionation
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PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Overflash (Reflux)
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PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Overflash (Reflux)
17
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Overflash (Reflux)
18
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Column Pressure
19
PROFESSIONAL COURSE IN ENGLISH
“FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING”
Unit 6. Atmospheric Distillation of Crude
Overhead Temperature
20