The Skeleton
The Skeleton
The Skeleton
Dr Alsayed
Objectives
1. Definition of Bone
2. Functions of bones
3. Classification of Bone
A- Types of bones according to position in the body
B- Types of bones according to structure
C- Types of bones according to Ossification
D- Types of bones according to Shape
V- Basic Structure of Bone
VI- Parts of a Long Bone
4. Blood Supply of a Long Bone
Bone is a type of connective tissue formed of cells fibers &
matrix. Bone is hard due to calcification of its extracellular
matrix
Function of Bone
Functions of Bone
Ca2
Mg
P
P
Ca2
Supports and protects vital organs Motion Reservoir of ions
Hematopoietic action
Classification of Bone
A- Types of bones according to position in the body
According to position of body
(1)-Axial
skeleton
(2)-Appendicular
skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Cranium
Mandible
The Vertebral Column
a-mobile vertebrae:-
1-Cervical [ 7 ]
2-Thoracic [ 12 ]
3-Lumbar [ 5 ]
b-non-mobile vertebrae:-
1-Sacral [ 5 ] fused SACRUM
2-Coccygeal [ 4 ] fusedcoccyx
1.Flexion.
2.Extension.
3.Lateral flexion.
4.Rotation.
Functions of the vertebral column
Cancellous
Compact
C- Types of bones according to Ossification
C- Types of bones according to Ossification
According to development
1- Membranous bone: The bone develops
from a membrane of mesodermal
(connective) tissue e.g.skull cap
2- Cartilaginous bone: The bone develops
from a cartilaginous model e.g. long bones .
D- Types of bones according to Shape
Types of bones according to shape
Inner layer
Medulla
Cortex
Medullary Cavity
VI- Parts of a Long Bone
Parts of a long bone
Medullary
Cavity
Periosteum
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphyseal
Cartilage or line
Epiphysis
Cancellous Bone
Covered by
Hyaline Cartilage
Blood Supply of a Long Bone
Blood supply of a long bone
2- Epiphyseal arteries
4- Periosteal artery
3- Metaphysial artery
1- Nutrient artery