As per MSBTE Curriculum of “I” Scheme

A Micro Project on

“TYPES OF FORMWORK USE FOR RCC STRUCTURES

AT SITES "
Submitted by

Enrollment no. Name of student

2009910007 Deshmukh Sandesh Sachin
2009910008 Mohite Prashant Tanhaji
2009910009 Mandale Swapnil Abaso

Under the Guidance of

Mr.d.h.kharmate

Loknete Hon. Hanmantrao Patil Charitable Trust’s

Adarsh Institute of Technology And Research Centre ,
Vita
______________________________________________________________________________

Department of Civil Engineering

2022-2023
 Loknete Hon. Hanmantrao Patil Charitable Trust’s
Adarsh Institute of Technology And Research Centre,

Vita

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Micro Project entitled
“TYPES OF FORMWORK USE FOR RCC STRUCTURES
AT SITES "
has been submitted by
Enrollment no. Name
2009910007 Deshmukh Sandesh Sachin
2009910008 Mohite Prashant Tanhaji
2009910009 Mandale Swapnil Abaso

For fifth Semester of Diploma in Civil Engineering of course Design of Steel

and Rcc Structures (22502) for academic year 2022-2023 as per MSBTE,
Mumbai curriculum of ‘I’ scheme.

Project Guide Head, Civil Engineering, Principal,

AITRC, Vita AITRC, Vita

Date:

Place:
 Acknowledgement
I feel happiness in forwarding this Micro Project report as an image of sincere efforts. The
successful Micro Project Report reflects my work, effort of my guide in giving me good
information.

My sincere thanks to my guide respected Mr.d.h. kharmate.

(,who has been a constant source of inspiration and guiding star in achieving my goal. I
give my special thanks to respected Mrs.N.P. Thorat (Head, Civil Engineering) for his
constant interest and encouragement throughout the completion of my Micro Project.
I express my deep gratitude to all staff members who lend me their valuable support
and cooperation to enable me to complete my Micro Project.
I am also equally indebted to our principal Prof. Mr.Dr.P.R.Badadapure. for his
valuable help whenever needed.

Name of Student Sign of Student

Deshmukh Sandesh Sachin

Mohite Prashant Tanhaji

Mandale Swapnil Abaso

 Index

Sr. No. Content Page No.

1.0 Rationale

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

3.0 Literature Review

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed

5.0 Actual Resources Used

6.0 Outputs of the Micro Project

7.0 Skill Developed / learning out of this Micro Project

8.0 Applications of this Micro Project

9.0 Area of Future Improvement

1. Micro Project Proposal

Title of Micro Project: “TYPES OF FORMWORK USE FOR RCC STRUCTURES

AT SITES "

1.0 Brief Introduction: Formwork is unquestionably important in any construction; its

fundamental benefit is that it cannot be substituted by any other technology. Concrete
structures can be built rapidly and at a low cost by employing formwork.A formwork
provides suitable access and working platforms throughout the construction process,
significantly improving worker’s safety, employees' safety & also scaffold safety.

By reducing the floor-to-floor building cycle time, formwork aids in the reduction of
project timelines and costs, allowing more projects to meet their budgetary requirements.
Formwork enables construction managers to provide precise on-time shuttering and de-
shuttering of formwork resources, resulting in increased project efficiency and resource
utilisation.

Concrete is the most common application for formwork. It aids in the creation of a smooth
concrete finished surface. It ensures structural safety while concreting by providing
solutions for all overlay loads, resulting in constructions that are both safe and practical.

2.0 Aim of the Micro Project:

a) Prepare a report on types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites.
3.0 Intended Course Outcomes:
1) To acquire knowledge about types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites.

2) To study the suitability of types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites.

4.0 Literature Review

Review: Public health engineering education in India: Current scenario, opportunities and
challenges april 2011
Abstract: Formwork in construction, is the use of support structures and moulds to create
structures out of concrete which is poured into the moulds. Formwork can be made using
moulds out of steel, wood, aluminium and/or prefabricated forms. 2. Formwork is the term
given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are
poured. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering
moulds. 3. Formwork is an ancillary construction, used as a mould for a structure. Into this
mould, fresh concrete is placed only to harden subsequently. o The construction of
formwork takes time and involves expenditure up to 20 to 25% of the cost of the structure
or even more. o The operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping. o Stripped
formwork can be reused. o Reusable forms are known as panel forms and non-usable are
called stationary forms.
Review: Public Health Engineering: Hygiene Evaluation Procedures
Abstract : Correct prediction of the pressure on formwork from the fresh concrete to avoid
under- or overestimating its value is vital in minimizing the cost of the formwork. Existing
models for formwork pressure do not include the behaviour of the fresh concrete at rest,
which is related to its consistency in terms of shear strength expressed as the slump value.
With the introduction of self-compacting concrete (SCC), research efforts shifted to this
material property at rest, i.e. the structural build-up. This chapter discusses existing models
for conventional concrete, key parameters influencing formwork pressure and new models
based on the structural behaviour of concrete at rest. Laboratory methods (more scientific)
and industrial methods (more empirical) used to measure the static yield stress are
presented. Formwork needs to be robust so that it can withstand rough treatment by
flowing water and heavy currents. It also needs to be simple so that divers can place and
strike it easily. Accuracy of the formwork and of its final position are always problematic
and this means that designers need to allow for variations in line and level.

It is normally prefabricated in the dry and lowered into position with a crane. Buoyancy
has to be overcome if timber is being used and sandbags will help with this as well as
sealing the bottom of the form onto the sea or fiver bed.

Flexible fabric formwork can be assembled easily into three-dimensional shapes by divers.
There is a range of fabric types available, with varying strengths and permeabilities. As
there is water pressure supporting the outside, small, simple shapes are able to resist the
pressure of the concrete from within but larger and more complex shapes require external
support.

A permeable fabric can allow the w/c ratio near the fabric to be reduced, giving an increase
in strength at the concrete’s surface. This is a benefit because although the fabric is left in
place after concreting, it is often worn away and does not provide a protective layer.

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed.

At the first step we got our topic of design of steel and RCC structures to Preparereport
ontypes of formwork use for RCC structures at sites. Then we discussed with our
subjectteacher about the collection of data required for project, source of data, preparation
ofreport etc.
For our micro-project then we will discuss about topic in our group and distributeour work
among all group members. We will search for types of
formwork use for RCCstructures at sitesand then we will show our collected data to subject
teacher after that wewill prepare a report.
 Name of Resource/
Specifications Quantity Remark
Sr. Material
No.
For collect project
1 Internet 1
information
Asus company,
2 Computer windows 12 1

3 Building construction Nirali publication 1

Planned
Sr. Planned Name of Responsible Team
Details of activity Finish
No. start date Members
date
1 Project Proposal
2 Data Collection & Analysis Sandesh sachin deshmukh
3 Preparation of Prototype/ Model Swapnil abaso mandale
4 Preparation of Report Prashant tanhaji mohite
5 Presentation & Submission
 B – Micro Project Report

Title of Micro Project: “TYPES OF FORMWORK USE FOR RCC STRUCTURES

AT SITES "

1.0 Rational:
The use of formwork is very important in the process of construction. Thereare many types
of formwork and this is necessary when constructing a build. Becauseof formwork, it is
easy to make the different design of building parts such as stairs, walls,and floor. There
are 3 types of formwork design such as timber formwork, plywoodformwork, and steel
formwork.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

1) To acquire knowledge about types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites.
2) To study the suitability of types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites.

3.0 Literature Review

Review: 01. Building Construction Vithoba K. Kumawat ,Sheetal S. Karale ,Vaibhao K.
Sonarkar Nirali publication
02. Design of steel and R.C.C Structure R. R. Gadpal, D.J.Khamkar, R.B.Narahari
Nirali publication
Abstract: : Formwork in construction, is the use of support structures and moulds to create
structures out of concrete which is poured into the moulds. Formwork can be made using
moulds out of steel, wood, aluminium and/or prefabricated forms. 2. Formwork is the term
given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are
poured. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering
moulds. 3. Formwork is an ancillary construction, used as a mould for a structure. Into this
mould, fresh concrete is placed only to harden subsequently. o The construction of
formwork takes time and involves expenditure up to 20 to 25% of the cost of the structure
or even more. o The operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping. o Stripped
formwork can be reused. o Reusable forms are known as panel forms and non-usable are
called stationary forms

Review : : A review of sanitation technologies to achieve multiple sustainable development

goals that promote resource recovery (2015)

Abstract: Correct prediction of the pressure on formwork from the fresh concrete to avoid
under- or overestimating its value is vital in minimizing the cost of the formwork. Existing
models for formwork pressure do not include the behaviour of the fresh concrete at rest,
which is related to its consistency in terms of shear strength expressed as the slump value.
With the introduction of self-compacting concrete (SCC), research efforts shifted to this
material property at rest, i.e. the structural build-up. This chapter discusses existing models
for conventional concrete, key parameters influencing formwork pressure and new models
based on the structural behaviour of concrete at rest. Laboratory methods (more scientific)
and industrial methods (more empirical) used to measure the static yield stress are
presented. Formwork needs to be robust so that it can withstand rough treatment by
flowing water and heavy currents. It also needs to be simple so that divers can place and
strike it easily. Accuracy of the formwork and of its final position are always problematic
and this means that designers need to allow for variations in line and level.

It is normally prefabricated in the dry and lowered into position with a crane. Buoyancy
has to be overcome if timber is being used and sandbags will help with this as well as
sealing the bottom of the form onto the sea or fiver bed.

Flexible fabric formwork can be assembled easily into three-dimensional shapes by divers.
There is a range of fabric types available, with varying strengths and permeabilities. As
there is water pressure supporting the outside, small, simple shapes are able to resist the
pressure of the concrete from within but larger and more complex shapes require external
support.

A permeable fabric can allow the w/c ratio near the fabric to be reduced, giving an increase
in strength at the concrete’s surface. This is a benefit because although the fabric is left in
place after concreting, it is often worn away and does not provide a protective layer.

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed.

At the first step we got our topic of design of steel and RCC structures to Preparereport
on types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites. Then we discussed with our

subject teacher about the collection of data required for project, source of data,
preparation of report etc.For our micro-project then we will discuss about topic in our
group and distribute our work among all group members. We will search for types of
formwork use for RCC structures at sites and then we will show our collected data to
subject teacher after that we will prepare a report..
5.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr. Name of Resource/

Specifications Quantity Remark
No. Material
For collect project
1 Wikipedia 1
information
Building
2 Books 5
sanitation
www. Public
3 Website 1
health. Com
: Department of
4 Research papers 10
civil Engineering

Outputs of the Micro Project

FORMWORK

Formwork (shuttering) in concrete construction is used as a mould for a

structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
Typesof concrete formwork construction depends on formwork material and
type of structural element. The construction of formwork takes time and
involves expenditure up to20 to 25% of the cost of the structure or even more.
Design of these temporary structures are made to economic expenditure. The
operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping. Stripped
formwork can be reused.

A good formwork should satisfy the following requirements:

• It should be strong enough to withstand all types of dead and live loads.

• It should be rigidly constructed and efficiently propped and braced both

horizontally and vertically, so as to retain its shape.

• The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout.

• Construction of formwork should permit removal of various parts in desired

sequences without damage to the concrete.

• The material of the formwork should be cheap, easily available and should
be suitable for reuse.
• The formwork should be set accurately to the desired line and levelsshould
have plane surface.

• It should be as light as possible.

• The material of the formwork should not warp or get distorted when exposed
to the elements.

• It should rest on firm base . Economy in Formwork The following points

are to be kept in view to effect economy in the cost of formwork:

• The plan of the building should imply minimum number of variations in the
size of rooms, floor area etc. so as to permit reuse ofthe formwork repeatedly.

• Design should be perfect to use slender sections only in a most economical

way.

• Minimum sawing and cutting of wooden pieces should be made to enable

reuse of the material a number of times. The quantity of surface finish
depends on the quality of the formwork. Formwork can be made out of
timber, plywood, steel, precast concrete or fiberglass used separately or in
combination. Steel forms are used in situation where large numbers of re-use
of the same forms are necessary. For small works, timber formwork proves
useful. Fibre glass made of precast concrete and aluminium are used in cast-
in-situ construction such as slabs or members involving curved surfaces.
Types of Formwork (Shuttering) for Concrete Construction:-

❖ Timber Formwork:
Timber for formwork should satisfy the following requirement: It should be

• Well-seasoned

• light in weight

• easily workable with nails without splitting

•free from loose knots

Timber used for shuttering for exposed concrete work should have smoothand
even surface on all faces which come in contact with concrete.

Timber formwork
 ➢ Advantages of Timber Formwork:
The advantages of timber formwork in construction are as follows.

• Its initial cost is low.

• Timber formwork is light in weight and can be easily
manipulated.
• More suitable for small works.
• It can be used for anything other than formwork.
• In houses where the size of the room does not change much,
the timber cut is less, so the timber formwork is cheaper.

❖ Plywood Formwork
Resin bonded plywood sheets are attached to timber frames to make uppanels
of required sizes. The cost of plywood formwork compares favourablywith
that of timber shuttering and it may even prove cheaper in certain casesin
view of the following considerations:

• It is possible to have smooth finish in which case on cost in surfacefinishing

is there.

• By use of large size panels it is possible to effect saving in thelabour cost of

fixing and dismantling.

• Number of reuses are more as compared with timber shuttering.For

estimation purpose, number of reuses can be taken as 20 to 25.
 ➢ The advantages of plywood formwork in construction are as
follows.

• It can be used frequently.

• Under normal circumstances timber formwork can be used 10
to 12 times while plywood formwork can be used 20 to 25
times.
• Plywood formwork gives smooth surface of concrete so does
not require re-finishing of concrete surface.
• Larger areas can be covered using larger panels, thus
reducing labor costs.

❖ Steel Formwork

This consist of panels fabricated out of thin steel plates stiffened along
theedges by small steel angles. The panel units can be held together through
theuse of suitable clamps or bolts and nuts. The panels can be fabricated in
largenumber in any desired modular shape or size. Steel forms are largely
used inlarge projects or in situation where large number reuses of the
shuttering ispossible. This type of shuttering is considered most suitable for
circular orcurved structures.
 Steel Formwork

Steel forms compared with timber formwork:

• Steel forms are stronger, durable and have longer life than timberformwork
and their reuses are more in number.

• Steel forms can be installed and dismantled with greater ease andspeed.

• The quality of exposed concrete surface by using steel forms isgood and
such surfaces need no further treatment.

• Steel formwork does not absorb moisture from concrete.

• Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.

Construction of Concrete formwork:

This normally involves the following operations:

• Propping and centring

• Shuttering

• Provision of camber

• Cleaning and surface treatment

Order and Method of Removing Formwork:

The sequence of orders and method of removal of formwork are asfollows:

• Shuttering forming the vertical faces of walls, beams and columnsides

should be removed first as they bear no load but only retain theconcrete.

• Shuttering forming soffit of slabs should be removed next.

• Shuttering forming soffit of beams, girders or other heavily loadeds

huttering should be removed in the end.

Rapid hardening cement, warm weather and light loading conditions

allowearly removal of formwork. The formwork should under no
circumstances beallowed to be removed until all the concrete reaches strength
of at least twicethe stresses to which the concrete may be subjected at the time
of removal offormwork. All formworks should be eased gradually and
carefully in order toprevent the load being suddenly transferred to concrete.

Figure shows formwork for different types of members in civil

engineeringconstruction.

➢ Advantages of steel formwork in construction are as follow:-

• Steel formwork is more useful when formwork is to be used

frequently.
• The initial cost of steel formwork is high. But in large works
where formwork has to be used frequently it becomes cheap.
 • Steel formwork is easy to apply as well as remove.
• It does not suck water from the concrete, so the surface of the
concrete is less likely to be honeycombed.
• It does not change shape or shrink. So gives more accuracy
and workmanship compared to timber formwork.
• It can be easily adjusted as well as opened so that labor cost
is reduced.
• It gives smooth surface of concrete and does not require re-
finishing of concrete surface.
• It has high strength.
• Its durability is much higher than timber formwork.

Accessories/ components of formwork

Here are the components of formwork,
• ties
• Hangers
• Anchors
• Props
• Spacer from Side
• Yoke

1.Ties

A form-work tie is a tensile unit used to connect opposite sides of the

formwork. It provides a balanced connection or is used to resist the effective
pressure of the fresh concrete.
Generally, it consists of an internal tensile member and an external holding
device. related rods for use in table design.
Form ties are usually made of steel, although some fiber-reinforced plastic
ties can also be used. There is a wide range of cable tie types and
manufacturers’ rated tensile work capabilities.
Snap-on ties, ring ties, and flat ties are disposable ties. Usually, with a
relatively low capacity (1500 to 3200 pounds), they are twisted and returned
a specified distance from the concrete surface.

Coil ties, bolts, and bolts are examples of ties, some of which remain in the
cast wall, and some can be reused.
The tapered cable tie (a tapered rod with threads on both ends) has been
completely removed and reused. The tensile strength of heavy-duty cable
ties can reach more than 60,000 pounds.

Some cable ties have a built-in function to separate the templates by a

certain distance. This is especially true for disposable ties if this feature is
ordered.

Another way to maintain the correct internal distance is to use a spreader to

insert a strut (usually wood) into the formwork. When the concrete is
poured to this height, it can be propped up with connected ropes or steel
wires.

2. Anchors
The form anchor is a device used to fix the form to the pre-placed concrete
with sufficient strength. The equipment is usually embedded in the concrete
during placement. The actual bearing capacity of the anchor depends on,
• The shape and material of the anchor,
• The strength and type of the concrete embedded in the anchor,
• The contact area between the concrete and the anchor,
• The embedded depth and position in the member

3. Hangers

Form-work hanger is a device used to hang formwork load from structural

steel, precast concrete, or other components.
4. Props

Vertical supports under the formwork are called props. it carries a load of
shuttering and other loads including, structure load, material load, workman
crafts load, etc.
In the traditional formwork system, it can be made of timber, but for heavy
construction, it should be made of steel or aluminum.

5. Spacer from side

The side spacer is a device that maintains the required distance between the
vertical shuttering and the steel bars.
6. Yokes

Yoke. An arrangement of members used in formwork which encircles

beam or column forms to secure them together and prevent movement.

A yoke for use in concrete work comprising a tubular body having a square
section and provided with a longitudinal groove on the external surface of each
side of the tubular body. The tubular body is filled with foamed plastics over
the whole or only in both end portions of the bore thereof.
FORMWORK FOR BEAMS AND SLABS
Period of removal of formwork :

7.0 Skill Developed / learning out of this Micro-Project

• Learning skill
• Working in a Team.
• Preparation of report.

8.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

1) It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured onlyto

harden subsequently.

9.0 Area of Future Improvement

Benefits like reduction in mobilization costs on a construction project, reduced

construction times i.e. The slab casting cycle can be up to 3 times faster than the
conventional method. This technology uses results in achieving higher quality finishes –
Fair faced finish concrete, and hence saving from the need for plastering.

Last but not least, if the technology is implemented early in the project planning and design
stage, project costs can be reduced by up to 25%.
 Teachers Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: Enrollment No:

Deshmukh Sandesh Sachin 2009910007
Mohite Prashant Tanhaji 2009910008
Mandale Swapnil Abaso 2009910009
Academic Year: 2022-23 Semester: V
Name of Programme: Civil Engineering Course: Design of Steel and Rcc Structures
Course Code: 22502 Course Coordinator: Mr. D.H. kharmate

Title of the Micro Project: “TYPES OF FORMWORK USE FOR RCC STRUCTURES
AT SITES "

Course Outcomes Addressed:

1) To acquire knowledge about types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites.

2) To study the suitability of types of formwork use for RCC structures at sites.

c) Outcomes in Affective Domain

Demonstrate working as a leader or a team member.

Report of work carried out:

Sr. Planned Completed Sign of

Details of activity
No. schedule Schedule Guide
1 Project Proposal
2 Data Collection & Analysis
3 Preparation of Prototype/ Model
4 Preparation of Report
5 Presentation & Submission
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Seat No. Process Assessment Product Assessment

Part B - Total
Part A - individual
Project Project Mar
Project Presentation/V
Methodolog Report/Work ks 10
Proposal -iva (4 marks)
y(2 marks) -ing Model
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
197421

197422

197423

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication

(if any)

Any Other Comment:

Name and designation of the Faculty Member

Dated Signature