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    Demo The Term Was First Used in Linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859

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    Arif Khan
    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed from morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning or grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes. Morphemes are further classified as lexical, derivational, inflectional, or functional based on how they combine to form words and convey meaning and grammatical concepts.

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    Demo The Term Was First Used in Linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859

    Uploaded by

    Arif Khan
    41 views1 page
    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed from morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning or grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes. Morphemes are further classified as lexical, derivational, inflectional, or functional based on how they combine to form words and convey meaning and grammatical concepts.

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    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed from morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning or grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes. Morphemes are further classified as lexical, derivational, inflectional, or functional based on how they combine to form words and convey meaning and grammatical concepts.

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    41 views1 page

    Demo The Term Was First Used in Linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859

    Uploaded by

    Arif Khan
    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed from morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning or grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes. Morphemes are further classified as lexical, derivational, inflectional, or functional based on how they combine to form words and convey meaning and grammatical concepts.

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    The term was first used in linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859.

     In linguistics morphology is the study of words and how they are formed.
     The term literally means the study of forms.
     It is the study of the internal structure of words.
     According to George Yule it is the study of the basic elements of language.
     And those basic elements are known as morphemes.

    English word forms such as play, plays, playing, and played have one basic element ‘play’.

    And the rest of the elements –s, -ing, -ed are known as morphemes.

     So we can say that morpheme is the 1) smallest meaningful unit or 2) grammatical


    function.
     Unit of grammatical function includes forms used to indicate past tense or plural.

     E.g. ‘Reopened’ consists of three morpheme


     One minimal unit of meaning is ‘open’
     Another minimal unit of meaning is ‘re’ which means (again)
     And a minimal unit of grammatical function ‘ed’- indicating past tense.

    Similarly tourist

     One minimal unit of meaning is ‘tour’


     Another minimal unit of meaning is ‘ist’ means (a person who does something)
     And a minimal unit of grammatical function ‘s’--- indicating plural.

    Types of morpheme

    1) Free morpheme: that can stand on its own E.g. play, tour, ball etc.
    2) Bound morpheme: that can’t stand on its own E.g. un, re, dis etc.
     Free morpheme can be identified as the separate English word forms such as basic
    nouns, adjectives, and verbs etc.
     When they are used with bound morphemes attached, the base word forms are
    technically known as stems

    E.g. undressed carelessness

    un dress ed care less ness

    prefix stem suffix stem suffix suffix

    (bound) (free) (bound) (free) (bound) (bound)

    Free morphemes fall into two categories

    1) Lexical morphemes: We can add new words so they are treated as ‘open’ class words.
     examples are: girl, man, house, tiger, sad, long, and yellow.
    2) Functional morphemes: consists of the functional words--- such as conjunctions,
    prepositions, articles etc.
     Can’t add new words. They are described as a “closed” class of words. E.g. and, but,
    when, because, etc.

    Bound morphemes also fall into two categories

    1) Derivational: to make new words or to make words of a different grammatical category


    from the stem.
    For example, ness, change adjective (good) to (noun) goodness.
    2) Inflectional morphemes-indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word.
    used to show if a word is plural or singular, past tense or not, and comparative or
    possessive form.

    English has only eight inflectional morphemes, illustrated in the following sentences.

    Jim’s two sisters are really different. One likes to have fun and is always laughing.

    The other liked to read as a child and has always taken things seriously.

    One is the loudest person in the house and the other is quieter than a mouse.

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