ARepor

t
On

Tr
eePl
ant
ati
oni
n
Bangl
adesh

Submi
tt
edt
o:
Shar
minSul
tana
Associ
atePr
ofessor
School
ofBusi
ness
I
ndependentUni
ver
sit
y,Bangl
adesh

Submi
tt
edby
:
Naf
isaBi
nteRahman
St
udentI
D:1822219
I
ndependentUni
ver
sit
y,Bangl
adesh

Cour
secode:
CIS-
101
Cour
sename:
Fundament
alsofComput
erSy
stem
Dat
eofsubmi
ssi 17thDecember2022
on:
Emai
l
:1822219@i
ub.
edu.
bd
 Acknowl
edgment

Atf
ir
st,Iwoul
dli
ket
oacknowl
edgemygr
atef
ulnessf
rom t
hecor
eofmyhear
ttot
he

Al
might
yAl
l
ahwhohasmadei
tpossi
blef
ormet
ocompl
etet
hispaperappr
opr
iat
ely

wi
thi
nduet
ime.Iwoul
dal
sol
i
ket
oexpr
essmyi
ndebt
ednessandwar
mestappr
eci
ati
on

t
omysuper
visor
,Shar
minSul
tana,
whohel
pedmewi
thherv
aluabl
esuggest
ions,
exper
t

adv
ice,andt
hor
oughgui
del
i
nest
hroughoutal
lthest
epsoft
hiswor
k.Wi
thouthi
ski
nd

cooper
ati
on,i
twoul
dhav
ebeendi
ff
icul
tformet
ocompl
etet
hisr
epor
twor
k.Thi
s

j
our
neyhasal
l
owedmet
oobt
ainv
aluabl
epr
act
ical
knowl
edgeandski
l
ls.
 Tabl
eofCont
ent
s

Acknowl
edgment I
I

Tabl
eofCont
ent
s I
II

Chapt
er1.I
ntr
oduct
ion V
1.
1.Backgr
ound V
1.
2.Resear
chObj
ect
ives VI
1.
3Resear chQuestions VI
1.
4.TreePlantat
ion: AnOv
erview VI
1.
4.1.TreePlant
at i
onandtheGlobal
Warming VII
1.
4.2Plantat
ion:TypesofTreestobePr
ior
it
ized VII
I

Chapt
er2.Li
ter
atur
eRev
iew I
X
2.
1Rel
atedWor
ks I
X
2.
2Resear
chGap XI

Chapt
er3.Met
hodol
ogy XI
I
3.
1Dat
aandTheDat
aCol
l
ect
ionPr
ocedur
e XI
I
3.
2Dat
aAnal
ysi
s XI
V

Chapt
er4.Di
scussi
on XVI
I

Chapt
er5.Concl
usi
on XVI
II
 Chapt
er1.I
ntr
oduct
ion

1.
1.Backgr
ound
Lowercoast
alBangl
adeshi
sanat
ion.Wecanpl
antt
reesal
ongt
hebor
der
sofl
akes,
r
eser
voi
rs,
andmot
orway
s,amongot
herpl
aces.For
estexpansi
onandgr
owt
har
ebet
ter
sui
ted t
oter
rai
n ofa r
iver
's upperv
all
ey.Agai
n,t
her
e's many l
ocat
ions i
nthe
communi
ti
est
hatcoul
dhav
ebeenusedf
ort
reepl
ant
ing.Ev
ent
houghwear
ebar
ely
endowedwi
thabundantf
orest
land,wedohav
esev
eralnot
ewor
thyf
orestr
egi
ons,l
i
ke
t
heSundar
bans,Madhupur
,Chi
tt
agongHi
l
lTr
act
s,andBhawal
.Sundar
i,Gar
an,Ghewa,
Kaor
a,et
c.ar
eal
li
ngr
eatabundancei
nthesef
orest
s.

Bangl
adeshhasar
ichv
ari
etyofpl
ant
s,wi
thcommuni
ti
esseemi
ngt
obebur
iedbeneat
h
gr
oves ofpl
ant
s,j
ackf
rui
t,bamboo,bet
elnut
,and coconut
.Butj
usta v
eryl
ow
per
cent
ageoft
henat
ion'
sar
eai
ssur
roundedwi
thwoods.Bangl
adeshhasf
ourdi
sti
nct
v
eget
ati
ont
ypes.Ther
ear
esev
eralsmal
lmount
ainscl
othedi
nreedsandr
att
anf
orest
s
i
ntheeast
ernzone,whi
chi
ncl
udespor
ti
onsoft
heSy
lhetandChi
tt
agongr
egi
ons(
a
speci
esofcl
i
mbi
ngpal
m).Thecount
ry'
snewspapersect
ori
sbasedonahugev
ari
ety
ofbamboo,
whi
chi
sthemostpr
eval
entpl
ant
.Thecent
ralzone,
whi
chi
ncl
udesar
easof
t
henat
iont
othenor
thofDhaka,i
shomet
osev
erall
akesandmar
shyv
eget
ati
on;a
por
ti
onoft
hiszone'
ssoi
li
sresponsi
blef
ort
heMadhupurf
orest
s.

Af
latpl
ainwi
thcul
ti
vat
edpl
ant
sandor
char
dsmaki
ngupt
hemaj
ori
tyoft
hev
eget
ati
on
i
scr
eat
edbyt
hear
eanor
thwestoft
heJamunaandsout
hwestoft
hePadma.TheBabul
t
reei
sthemostnot
iceabl
eone(
Acaci
aar
abi
ca)
.TheSundar
bans,asi
zabl
etr
actof
wet
landswi
thdi
sti
nct
ivemangr
ovef
lor
a,ar
esi
tuat
edi
ntheBayofBengali
nthe
sout
her
npar
toft
hewor
ld.Sev
eral
mangr
ovespeci
esar
epr
izedcommer
cial
l
y,i
ncl
udi
ng
t
hesundar
i(Her
it
ier
afomesorH.mi
nor
),af
terwhi
cht
heSundar
bansar
enamed,and
t
hegor
an(
Cer
iopsr
oxbur
ghi
ana)
.TheExcoecar
iaagal
l
ochat
ree,al
soknownast
he
gewaorgengwa,pr
ovi
desasof
twoodt
hati
susedt
ocr
eat
enewspaper
s,whi
chmakes
i
thi
ghl
yval
uabl
e.Wat
erl
i
li
es(
knownl
ocal
l
yasshapl
aandt
henat
ion'
sof
fi
cialbl
oom)
,
mar
igol
ds,t
uber
oses,andChi
nesehi
biscusar
ejustaf
ewoft
hei
ncr
edi
bledi
ver
sit
yof
f
lower
s.Smal
lredber
ri
esar
epr
oducedbyt
heubi
qui
tousshr
ubknownast
hebokul
(
Mimusopsel
engi
).

I
nessence,wemaysayt
hatt
reesar
eav
aluabl
epar
tofourcount
ry.Duet
othe
wi
despr
eadchoppi
ngoft
rees,sev
eralnat
ionsar
eal
readybecomi
ngdeser
ts.Duet
oa
l
ackofhabi
tatandf
oodf
oll
owi
ngt
hel
ossoff
orest
s,sev
eralbi
rdandani
malspeci
es
hav
eal
sogoneext
inct
.Fort
hemai
ntenanceofani
mal
s,t
reesar
enecessar
ytokeept
he
ecol
ogi
calsy
stem i
nbal
ance.Forabet
ter
,happi
er,andheal
thi
erexi
stence,i
twoul
dbe
pr
efer
abl
etogr
owt
reesonal
argerscal
e.

1.
2.Resear
chObj
ect
ives
Ther
eis cur
rent
ly a cr
uci
alconcer
nregar
ding t
he env
ironment
aldegr
adat
ion of
Bangl
adesh,ast
hef
lor
aandf
aunaoft
hecount
ryar
eont
hev
ergeofext
inct
iondayby
day
.Def
orest
ati
on t
hreat
ensbot
htheuni
nter
rupt
ed st
atusofbi
odi
ver
sit
yand t
he
ov
eral
lfoodchai
nsy
stem.Pl
ant
ingt
reesondegr
adedorcl
ear
edf
orestl
andsandont
he
pr
ivat
ehol
dingsofv
il
lager
sli
vi
ngnearr
emnantf
orest
shasbeeni
dent
if
iedbyt
he
gov
ernmentand i
ts adv
iser
s as one means ofachi
evi
ng i
ts conser
vat
ion and
dev
elopment goal
s. The Agr
icul
tur
e Mi
nist
ry of Bangl
adesh has encour
aged
smal
l
hol
der
stopl
anteconomi
cal
l
yusef
ult
reesont
hei
rpr
ivat
ehol
dingst
ost
rengt
hen
t
hei
rfar
ming sy
stems.Ther
efor
e,i
nthi
srepor
tmymai
n ai
m i
sto hi
ghl
i
ghtt
he
i
mpor
tance ofaf
for
est
ati
on bot
h env
ironment
all
y and economi
cal
l
y and al
so t
he
out
lookoft
hey
out
hgener
ati
ont
owar
dst
hisi
ssue.I
nor
dert
ogat
herdat
afort
hisst
udy
,
Isur
vey
ed50r
espondent
sfr
om ay
oungandeducat
edpopul
ati
onandcol
l
ect
eddat
a
f
rom t
hem.

1.
  3Resear
chQuest
ions
I
n or
dert
oful
fi
llt
heaf
orement
ioned st
udyobj
ect
ives,t
heaut
horf
ormsf
oll
owi
ng
quest
ionsasgui
dingmechani
smst
hroughoutt
hest
udy
:
R.
Q.1.HowmanyBangl
adeshi
sknowaboutdef
orest
ati
on?
R.
Q.2.Howmanyoft
hem ar
ewor
ri
edaboutenv
ironment
aldegr
adat
ion?
R.
Q.3.Dot
heyhav
eposi
ti
vet
houghtr
egar
dingt
reepl
ant
ati
on?
 R.
Q.4.Howmanyoft
hem hav
epl
ant
edt
reesi
nthei
rpr
ivat
ehol
dings?
R.
Q.5.Whatmeasur
esshoul
dbet
akent
ocr
eat
emassawar
eness?

1.
4Tr
eePl
ant
ati
on:
AnOv
erv
iew
Tr
eePl
ant
ati
oni
sthepr
ocessofpl
ant
ingsapl
i
ngsi
napl
annedmanner
.Tr
eesand
pl
ant
s ar
ethe pr
ime sour
ces of env
ironment
alpur
if
icat
ion and Beaut
if
icat
ion.
Consi
der
ingt
hemani
fol
dbenef
it
soft
reesi
ncl
udi
ngt
hatt
heyr
eleaseoxy
geni
ntot
heai
r,
i
nhal
ehar
mfulgasessuchascar
bondi
oxi
de,car
bonmonoxi
de,sul
furdi
oxi
de,CFC
(
Chl
orof
lor
o Car
bon) et
c.and unpl
easantodor
s and f
il
ter pol
l
utant
sfr
om t
he
at
mospher
e,t
her
ebypr
ovi
dingusf
reshandcl
eanai
rtobr
eat
he,
prev
ent
ingsoi
ler
osi
on,
l
esseni
ngt
heef
fect
sofgl
obalwar
ming,andmai
ntai
ningt
heecol
ogi
calbal
ance;t
ree
pl
ant
ati
oni
sessent
ial
tocompensat
eandcombatcl
i
mat
echange.

Fi
gure1.
Top5Gr eenest
Countr
iesoftheWor
ld.

1.
4.1.Tr
eePl
ant
ati
onandt
heGl
obal
War
ming
Cur
rent
ly,t
hecount
ryi
sfacedwi
thanumberofenv
ironment
alpr
obl
ems.Ther
ear
e
manyal
armi
ngi
ssuest
hatar
ebei
ngf
acedt
oday
,incl
udi
ngcl
i
mat
echange,ozone
depl
eti
on,andpol
l
uti
on.Ther
ehasbeenav
erysi
gni
fi
canti
ncr
easei
ngl
obalwar
ming
ov
ert
he pastcent
ury
,whi
ch i
sthe r
esul
tofan i
ncr
ease i
nthe av
erage sur
face
t
emper
atur
eoft
heear
th'
scl
i
mat
e.Thi
siscausedbygr
eenhousegasest
hatpr
eventt
he
heatf
rom escapi
ngt
heat
mospher
ebecauset
heypr
eventt
her
eleaseofcar
bondi
oxi
de
 i
ntot
heat
mospher
e.Byabsor
bingheatener
gyf
rom t
heear
th'
ssur
faceandr
eradi
ati
ng
i
tbackt
otheat
mospher
e,gr
eenhousegasesar
eabl
etoabsor
bheatener
gyt
hathas
beenr
eleasedbyi
ndust
ry,t
ranspor
tat
ion,andhumanact
ivi
ty.Asar
esul
tofcl
i
mat
e
change,t
her
ehasal
readybeenani
mpactont
heecosy
stem i
nter
msofex
treme
weat
herev
ent
s,unt
imel
yrai
nfal
l
,ir
regul
armonsoons,heav
yrai
nfal
ldur
ingashor
t
per
iodf
oll
owedbyv
eryl
i
ttl
erai
nfal
ldur
ingt
hedr
yper
iod,changesi
nthet
imi
ngof
seasonalev
ent
s,et
c.Ther
eisar
isei
ntheseal
evel
,andt
heseai
soni
tswayt
oengul
f
t
heent
ir
egl
obei
nthenearf
utur
e.I
deal
l
y,t
heamountofl
andt
hati
scov
eredbyf
orest
s
shoul
dmakeup25per
centoft
hel
andi
nhabi
tedbyt
hehumanpopul
ati
on,
accor
dingt
o
i
nter
nat
ionalst
andar
ds.I
tist
hrought
hel
eav
esoft
reest
hatt
heai
rinourenv
ironment
i
scl
eanedbyabsor
binggasesandr
emov
ingdustpar
ti
clesf
rom i
t.Byut
il
izi
ngcar
bon
di
oxi
de as a f
uel
,tr
ees pr
oduce car
bohy
drat
es,oxy
gen,and ener
gy t
hrough
phot
osy
nthesi
s,byr
eact
ingwi
thwat
er,andbyabsor
bingsunl
i
ght
.Theat
mospher
eis
t
her
efor
ecool
edasar
esul
toft
hispr
ocess.I
ncr
easi
ngt
henumberoft
reesi
soneoft
he
sol
uti
onst
othesepr
obl
ems.

Fi
gure2.
Rol
eofCommer ci
al
af
forestat
ioni
n Sour
ce:For
steretal
.
,2021.
Decarboni
zati
on.

Thef
igur
e-1demonst
rat
est
hecont
ri
but
ionsoft
hecommer
cialf
orest
ryby100y
ear
s
(
plant
edi
n2020)i
nthecont
extofUKasaf
for
est
ati
oni
sanef
fect
ivegr
eenhousegas
(
GHG)mi
ti
gat
ionst
rat
egy
.
1.
4.2Pl
ant
ati
on:
TypesofTr
eest
obePr
ior
it
ized
Foropt
imum benef
itf
rom t
hepr
ocessofpl
ant
ingt
rees,i
tiscr
uci
alt
oensur
ethatt
he
pr
ocessi
scar
ri
edouti
napl
annedmanner
.Iti
sint
erest
ingt
oseehowsomepl
ant
semi
t
24-
houroxy
gen(
e.g.
,Ar
ecapal
ms,snakepl
ant
s,al
oev
era,Chr
ist
mast
rees,et
c.)whi
l
e
consumi
ng t
he maj
ori
tyoft
he car
bon di
oxi
de (
e.g.
,Sagwaan,Eucal
ypt
us,Neem,
Pr
osopi
sJul
i
flor
a,et
c.)t
hroughapr
ocesscal
l
edCAM (
Crassul
aceanAci
dMet
abol
i
sm)
phot
osy
nthesi
s.

Tomar
kthebi
rt
hcent
enar
yoft
heFat
heroft
henat
ion,
theBangl
adeshi
gov
ernmenthas
cr
eat
eda"
Trees4ear
th"pr
ogr
am bypl
ant
ing10mi
l
li
onsapl
i
ngsi
nor
dert
ocel
ebr
atet
he
cent
enni
alofhi
sbi
rt
h.Vol
unt
eer
sfr
om di
ver
seor
gani
zat
ionscomet
oget
hert
opl
ant
t
reesandengagey
out
h.Apar
tfr
om t
hat
,manypeopl
eal
sohav
ethei
rowncommuni
ti
es
andwor
kgr
oupst
hatar
eact
ivel
ywor
kingt
owar
dmaki
ngt
hecount
ryanev
engr
eener
heav
enf
orev
ery
onet
oli
vei
ntomakei
tabet
terpl
acet
oli
ve.
 Chapt
er2.Li
ter
atur
eRev
iew

2.
1Rel
atedWor
ks
Asar
esul
tofgl
obalwar
ming,Bangl
adeshhasbecomei
ncr
edi
blyv
ulner
abl
etocl
i
mat
e
change.AsperHossai
netal
.Accor
dingt
o(2010)
,ithasaser
iousi
mpactont
he
env
ironment
.Ther
eisanongoi
ngchangei
nthecl
i
mat
einBangl
adeshf
rom dayt
oday
,
andev
eryy
eari
thasbecomemor
eandmor
eunpr
edi
ctabl
e.Themai
ncont
ri
but
ort
o
gl
obalwar
mingi
sgr
eenhousegasessuchaset
hane,met
hane,CFCs,car
bondi
oxi
de,
andcar
bonmonoxi
de,whi
char
emai
nlyr
esponsi
blef
orcl
i
mat
echangeandcont
ri
but
e
t
oani
ncr
easei
ngl
obalt
emper
atur
easperFear
nsi
de(
2006)
.Bangl
adeshi
soneoft
he
wor
ld'
smostv
ulner
abl
ecount
ri
est
otheear
lyef
fect
sofcl
i
mat
echangeasar
esul
tof
i
tsl
ow-
ly
ingl
ocat
ion(
MOEF,2008)
.Cl
i
mat
echangei
ssueshav
ebecomeaser
ious
t
hreatt
othel
i
ves,
li
vel
i
hoods,
andsust
ainabl
edev
elopmentoft
hecount
ry,
accor
dingt
o
CCC2009.
 
Consequent
ly,i
nthecoast
albel
tofBangl
adesh,t
heBangl
adeshFor
estDepar
tment
(
BFD)i
nit
iat
edanaf
for
est
ati
onpr
ogr
am i
n1966wi
tht
hegoalofsav
ingbot
hthel
i
ves
andt
her
esour
cesoft
hecoast
aldwel
l
ersf
rom cy
clonesandt
idalbor
esi
nor
dert
o
ensur
ethei
rsur
viv
al(
Das and Si
ddi
qi,1985)
.Ithas been ar
gued t
hatcoast
al
af
for
est
ati
oni
sani
mper
ati
vef
act
ort
hatshoul
dbeexami
nedbydi
ff
erentr
esear
cher
s.
Ther
eisnodoubtt
hatf
orest
spl
ayav
italr
olei
nthegl
obalcar
boncy
clebybei
ng
r
eser
voi
rs,sour
cesandsi
nksofcar
bon,st
ori
ngcar
boni
nleav
es,br
anches,t
runksand
r
oot
soft
rees,andi
nfor
estsoi
l
s(Pat
iletal
.,2012)
.Theecol
ogi
calsy
stem hasacl
ear
i
nfl
uenceont
heconcent
rat
ionofGr
eenhouseGases(
GHG)i
ntheat
mospher
ebecause
i
tact
sbot
hasasour
ceofGHGsandasasi
nkf
ort
hem (
Lal
,2004)
.Ast
udyconduct
ed
byRi
char
dsandSt
okes(
2004)i
ndi
cat
edt
hatt
hepl
anet
'sf
orestcoul
dsequest
er7.
0
bi
l
li
ont
onsofcar
bondi
oxi
deev
eryy
ear
.Int
ermsofsecur
ingcar
bondi
oxi
def
rom t
he
at
mospher
eandr
educi
nggasesl
i
nkedt
ogl
obal
war
ming,
mangr
ovespl
ayapi
vot
alr
ole.
Ther
eisnodoubtt
hatmangr
ovesar
eoneoft
hemostsi
gni
fi
cantcar
bonsi
nksont
he
pl
anetandt
heysequest
eranest
imat
ed25.
5mi
l
li
ont
onsofcar
bonpery
ear(
Pat
iletal
.
2012)
.Int
her
egi
onbet
weent
heI
ndi
anandBangl
adeshibor
der
s,t
heSundar
bansar
e
t
hewor
ld'
slar
gestmangr
ovef
orest
s.Apar
toft
heSundar
bansl
i
esi
nBangl
adeshon
t
henor
ther
nshor
eli
neoft
heBayofBengalal
ong89°
00′and89°
55′
Eand21°
30′and
22°
30′
Nrespect
ivel
y,si
tuat
edbet
ween89°
00′and89°
55′
E.I
naddi
ti
ont
obei
ngoneof
t
hewor
ld'
smostuni
queecosy
stems,
theSundar
bansal
sopr
ovi
deext
ensi
vepr
otect
ion
t
ocoast
alpopul
ati
onsf
rom cy
clones,
tidalf
loodi
ng,
erosi
onandot
hernat
uraldi
sast
ers
(
DasandVi
ncent2009)
.TheSundar
bans,f
orex
ampl
e,act
edasapr
otect
ivebar
ri
erf
or
coast
alcommuni
ti
est
hatwer
eaf
fect
edbyr
ecentcy
clonesSi
dr(
Nov
ember17,2007)
,
Ai
l
a(May25,2009)
,andSi
tr
ang(
Oct
ober25,2022)(
Isl
am 2013;Bhowmi
kandCabr
al
2013)
.Thebi
ggestt
hreatt
oBangl
adesht
odayi
sthel
ossoft
heecol
ogi
calbal
anceof
t
hismangr
ovef
orest
,whi
chi
sthebi
ggestt
hreatofal
l
.Af
for
est
ati
oni
stheonl
ysol
uti
on
t
orest
oret
hear
ist
ocr
ati
cbeaut
yoft
hesel
argestmangr
ovesi
nthewor
ld.

Fi
gur
e3.Locat
ionofSundar
bans.

Cur
rent
ly,
thegl
obalcl
i
mat
eisf
raughtwi
thuncer
tai
ntyduet
owi
despr
eadpol
l
uti
onand
def
orest
ati
on.Dhaka,
thecapi
talofBangl
adeshi
soneoft
hemostpol
l
utedci
ti
esoft
he
wor
ld.Fr
om t
heabov
edi
scussi
onofempi
ri
calev
idences,i
tiscl
eart
hati
nthecur
rent
env
ironment
alci
rcumst
ance af
for
est
ati
on and ot
herr
elat
ed act
ivi
ti
es shoul
d be
pr
ior
it
izednotonl
yfort
hesur
viv
aloff
lor
aandf
aunabutal
sof
ort
hesur
viv
alofhuman
bei
ngs.
2.
2Resear
chGap
Ther
eexi
stv
eryl
i
mit
edwor
ksr
egar
dingt
hei
mpor
tanceoft
reepl
ant
ati
oni
nthecont
ext
ofsout
h-Asi
andev
elopi
ngeconomi
es.Ther
efor
e,i
nthi
spr
oject
,Iam goi
ngaddr
esst
he
t
ree pl
ant
ati
on i
ssue i
nthe cont
extofa sout
h-Asi
an dev
elopi
ng count
ry,namel
y,
Bangl
adesh.
 Chapt
er3.Met
hodol
ogy

3.
1Dat
aandTheDat
aCol
l
ect
ionPr
ocedur
e
Thi
ssect
ionoft
hest
udyi
ncl
udest
henat
ureoft
hest
udy
,thesampl
esi
zeandt
he
sour
cesofdat
aar
eincl
uded.Si
ncet
hemet
hodol
ogyoft
hest
udyi
squal
i
tat
ivei
nnat
ure,
i
nduct
iveappr
oachhasbeenused.Dat
ahasbeencol
l
ect
edf
rom onl
i
nesour
ces,emai
l
cor
respondence,andsoon.Asur
veywasconduct
edamong50st
udent
stof
indout
t
hei
rthought
saboutt
reepl
ant
ati
oni
nBangl
adesh.Thekeyobj
ect
iveoft
hissur
veywas
t
ofi
ndoutt
hepot
ent
ial
i
tiesoft
reepl
ant
ati
onasakeyf
orcet
opr
otectt
hef
lor
aand
f
aunaofBangl
adesh.

Ti
mest
amp Respondent Gender Ti
mest
amp Respondent Gender
Name Name

12-
3-2022 Sushmi
taKhat
un Femal
e 12-
4-2022 KhandakarSuchi Femal
e
23:
57:
45 2:
04:
43

12-
4-2022 Sadi
aKhanam Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Mehr
ajul
Alam Mal
e
0:
21:
06 2:
05:
40

12-
4-2022 Di
ranaI
slam Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Nuj
um Zannat Femal
e
0:
22:
03 2:
06:
29

12-
4-2022 Enamul
Huq Mal
e 12-
4-2022 Must
afaSabuj Mal
e
0:
22:
46 2:
07:
27

12-
4-2022 Shi
fatAl
am Mal
e 12-
4-2022 Tul
iModak Femal
e
0:
25:
06 2:
08:
05

12-
4-2022 Humai
raMi
hika Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Shahaj
adi
Sul
tana Femal
e
0:
25:
17 2:
08:
56

12-
4-2022 Raj
i
bIsl
am Mal
e 12-
4-2022 I
sti
aqMi
nuddi
n Mal
e
0:
25:
32 2:
09:
39

12-
4-2022 Saki
bAl
am Mal
e 12-
4-2022 Shuv
oHawl
adar Mal
e
0:
25:
55 2:
10:
30
12-
4-2022 Sanj
ana Femal
e 12-
4-2022 MasuaRashi
d Femal
e
0:
26:
54 2:
11:
46

12-
4-2022 Tanzi
naSul
tana Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Maj
edaKhanam Femal
e
0:
27:
12 2:
12:
40

12-
4-2022 Shahar
a Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Ti
thi
Dey Femal
e
0:
27:
52 2:
13:
38

12-
4-2022 Saneem Tasni
m Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Ni
vedi
taDhor Femal
e
0:
28:
00 2:
14:
27

12-
4-2022 AdnanKhan Mal
e 12-
4-2022 Jesmi
nAkt
ar Femal
e
0:
28:
36 2:
15:
04

12-
4-2022 Md.Kadi
r Mal
e 12-
4-2022 Rashedul
Isl
am Mal
e
0:
30:
37 2:
15:
56

12-
4-2022 LubabaTasneem Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Sanj
i
daAkt
er Femal
e
0:
30:
52 2:
16:
38

12-
4-2022 Sadi
aSabr
in Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Raf
iul
Isl
am Mal
e
0:
34:
04 2:
17:
13

12-
4-2022 Khandakar Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Mar
jan Femal
e
0:
36:
35 Munt
aha 2:
17:
59 Tabassum

12-
4-2022 Ruqay
aRahman Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Moni
raKhat
un Femal
e
0:
44:
25 2:
18:
58

12-
4-2022 Ni
shatMoj
umdar Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Kani
jFat
ema Femal
e
0:
44:
26 2:
19:
35

12-
4-2022 Moi
nul
Isl
am Mal
e 12-
4-2022 Rami
shaHasan Femal
e
0:
46:
28 2:
20:
27

12-
4-2022 UmmeKul
sum Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Mesbaul
Isl
am Mal
e
0:
48:
51 2:
21:
07

12-
4-2022 Zannat
ulFi
za Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Ur
myBat
tachar
ya Femal
e
0:
50:
32 2:
22:
16
12-
4-2022 Mohi
ta Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Tazwar
ulMehr
in Femal
e
0:
52:
19 Bat
tachar
ya 2:
22:
44

12-
4-2022 Sr
aboni
Rahman Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Zi
shan Mal
e
1:
06:
47 2:
23:
36 Chawdhur
y

12-
4-2022 Tahmi
naBaby Femal
e 12-
4-2022 Sami
m Reza Mal
e
2:
02:
47 2:
25:
10

3.
2Dat
aAnal
ysi
s
Accor
ding t
othe sur
vey
,94% of t
he r
espondent
s ar
efami
l
iar wi
tht
he t
erm
“
Def
orest
ati
on”(
Fig.2)andal
soknow aboutt
hei
mpor
tanceoft
het
reepl
ant
ati
oni
n
pr
eser
ving t
henat
ureand i
tsspeci
es(
Fig.3)
.Among t
his94%,a por
ti
on oft
he
r
espondent
sthi
nkt
hateconomi
cal
l
ypr
oduct
ivet
reesshoul
dbepl
ant
edwher
eas80%of
t
her
espondent
sjustf
ocusont
het
reepl
ant
ati
onwi
thoutanypr
ior
it
izat
ionoft
het
ypes
oft
rees.

Figure4.
PercentageofStudent
s
famili
arwiththeter
m
"Deforest
ati
on".
Sour
ce:Aut
hor
'sCal
cul
ati
on.
 Figur
e5.
PercentageofStudent
s
famil
iarwitht
he
i
mpor tanceoftr
ee
Sour
ce:Aut
hor
'sCal
cul
ati
on.
plant
ation.

Asperi
nter
nat
ionalst
andar
ds,ami
nimum 25%gr
eener
yisr
equi
redf
orast
ate.Hence,
80%oft
her
espondent
sthi
nkt
reepl
ant
ati
oni
sneededi
nthecont
extofBangl
adeshand
14% oft
hem gi
vemor
eemphasi
soneconomi
cal
l
ypr
oduct
ivet
reesasshowni
nthe
f
igur
e-4.

Fi
gur e6.
Respondents
Thoughtregardi
ng
TreePlantat
ioni
nthe
contextof Sour
ce:Aut
hor
'sCal
cul
ati
on
Bangladesh.

Agai
n,t
hesur
veyout
li
nest
owhatext
entt
her
espondent
shav
etendencyt
opl
antt
rees.
Aspert
her
esponses,i
tcanbeconcl
udedt
hatv
eryoft
hem hav
eat
endencyt
opl
ant
t
rees.I
thasbeenf
oundoutt
hat54%oft
her
espondent
srar
elypl
antat
ree.
Figure7.
Percentageofthe
frequencyoftr
ee
plantat
ionamong
respondents.
Sour
ce:Aut
hor
'sCal
cul
ati
on.

Thesur
veyhasal
soaddr
essedt
heef
fi
ciencyl
eveloft
reepl
ant
ati
oni
nmi
ti
gat
ingt
he
gl
obal
war
mingpr
obl
em andt
heenv
ironment
aldegr
adat
ioni
ssue.I
thasbeenf
oundout
t
hati
ntheopi
nionof37r
espondent
soutof50(
almost80%)
,af
for
est
ati
oni
sahi
ghl
y
ef
fi
cientt
ool
inpr
event
ionofgl
obal
war
mingandot
hernat
urecausedcal
ami
ti
es.

Fi
gure8.
Li
nearScaleoftheResponses
Sour
ce:Aut
hor
’sCal
cul
ati
on.
ontheeff
ici
encyoftree
pl
antat
ioninPrevent
ing
Gl
obalWar ming.

Thef
igur
ebel
ow demonst
rat
est
hesur
veyr
esul
tsofagr
eementanddi
sagr
eement
amongt
her
espondent
swhi
chi
ndi
cat
est
hatabout96%r
espondent
shav
econsensus
t
hatt
hehi
gheraf
for
est
ati
ont
hel
owert
hreatofnat
ural
cal
ami
ti
eswi
l
lbe.

Fi
gur e9.
Percentageofagreement /
di
sagr eementregardingt
he
i
mpactofaf f
orest
ationin
preventingnat
uralcalami
ties. Sour
ce:Aut
hor
'sCal
cul
ati
on.

Chapt
er4.Di
scussi
on

I
ntheanal
ysi
ssect
ionoft
her
epor
t,i
tisev
identt
hatdespi
tet
hef
actt
hatnear
lyal
l
r
espondent
s(about94%)ar
eawar
eoft
hei
ssueofdef
orest
ati
onandt
hei
mpor
tanceof
t
reepl
ant
ing,unf
ort
unat
ely
,ar
elat
ivel
ysmal
lper
cent
ageoft
hem act
ual
l
ytakest
epst
o
t
ackl
ethi
s pr
obl
em (
54% oft
hem r
arel
ypl
anta t
ree i
nthei
rli
ves)
.Bangl
adesh,
accor
dingt
oint
ernat
ional
standar
ds,
issupposedt
ohav
eatl
east25per
centoft
hel
and
i
nhabi
tedbyhumansbei
ngcov
eredi
nfor
est
s,howev
ert
heact
ualamountoff
oresti
n
Bangl
adeshi
smuchl
owert
hant
her
equi
redmi
nimum (
lesst
han17%)
.Int
hequestf
or
ur
bani
zat
ion,somer
espondent
shav
eani
rr
ati
onalper
cept
iont
hatt
hecount
ryhasan
adequat
eamountofgr
eener
y.Thi
sper
cept
ioni
stot
all
ycont
rar
ytot
heact
ualsi
tuat
ion.
Ibel
i
evet
hati
nthenearf
utur
e,wewi
l
lbef
aci
ngsev
ereconsequencesduet
othe
cont
inueder
osi
onoft
heov
eral
lecosy
stem i
fitcont
inues.Accor
dingt
other
epor
tofDr
Si
ddi
qi2008a,Bangl
adeshi
sli
kel
ytosuf
ferf
rom mor
efr
equentandmor
esev
ere
cy
clones,
stor
m sur
ges,
floods,
sal
i
nit
ylev
els,
soi
ler
osi
on,
andsedi
ment
ati
onduet
othe
i
mpactofcl
i
mat
echange(
Siddi
qi,
2008a)
.Iti
sadv
isedt
hatawar
enessshoul
dber
aised
mai
nlyi
nther
uralandsubur
banar
easi
nor
dert
oef
fect
ivel
ycombatt
hist
hreat
,si
nce
ur
banpeopl
ear
e70%mor
eawar
eofandconcer
nedaboutt
hei
ssueofenv
ironment
al
degr
adat
ionduet
odef
orest
ati
ont
hant
her
uralandsubur
banpopul
ati
on.Amongt
hose
sur
vey
ed,mostoft
hem f
eltt
hatt
heact
ivi
ti
est
akenbyt
heBangl
adeshMi
nist
ryof
Env
ironmentandFor
estt
ocr
eat
emassawar
enessar
einsuf
fi
cientt
omeett
heneedsof
t
hegener
alpubl
i
c.Commer
cialaf
for
est
ati
on,i
naddi
ti
on,i
sav
eryef
fect
ivewayt
o
achi
eve an absol
ute adv
ant
age f
rom t
ree pl
ant
ati
on,bot
h economi
cal
l
y and
env
ironment
all
y.
 Chapt
er5.Concl
usi
on

At
reei
sn'
twor
thany
thi
ng;i
t'
smer
elyanessent
ialpar
tofl
i
fe.Thebenef
it
sthatt
rees
br
ingt
osoci
ety
,theeconomy
,andt
heenv
ironmentext
endf
arbey
ondt
hepr
oduct
ionof
oxy
genandt
her
emov
alofhar
mfulpol
l
utant
sfr
om t
heai
r.Weal
sor
elyont
hem f
or
f
ood,shel
ter
,andmanyot
herusef
ult
hingst
hatweuseonadai
l
ybasi
s.Ul
ti
mat
ely
,we
wi
l
lbeunabl
etosur
viv
eifwecont
inuet
ocutt
reesdowni
nanunpl
annedmanner
.Iti
s
notonl
ythecount
ryt
hatwi
l
lbeart
heconsequencesoft
hegr
eenhouseef
fect
,butt
he
wor
ldaswel
l
.Tomakesur
ethatwel
i
vei
nabet
terandmor
eresi
l
ientf
utur
e,weshoul
d
pl
antt
reesmor
eandmor
e.Ther
eshoul
dbemor
eandmor
etr
eepl
ant
ati
onsspr
ead
t
hroughoutt
hecount
ry.

As par
t of our af
for
est
ati
on pr
ogr
am,we need t
orai
se awar
eness,i
ncr
ease
t
ranspar
ency
,andensur
ethatwewor
ktoget
heri
naconsi
stentandcoor
dinat
edmanner
.
I
nor
dert
obr
ingaboutr
adi
cal
change,
wecan'
texpecti
ttohappeni
nthebl
i
nkofaney
e.
Becauseofpol
l
uti
on,def
orest
ati
onandf
orestr
educt
ion,t
hegl
obalcl
i
mat
eiscur
rent
ly
under
goi
ng a per
iod ofuncer
tai
nty
.Iti
s nota secr
ett
hatDhaka,t
he capi
talof
Bangl
adesh,
isoneoft
hemostpol
l
utedci
ti
esi
nthewor
ldt
oday
.Basedont
hef
indi
ngs
ofempi
ri
calev
idence,
iti
scl
eart
hati
nor
dert
oensur
ethesur
viv
aloff
lor
aandf
aunai
n
t
he f
utur
e and t
o ensur
ethe sur
viv
alofhumans as wel
l
,we need t
o pr
ior
it
ize
af
for
est
ati
onandot
herr
elat
edact
ivi
ti
esi
nli
ghtofcur
rentenv
ironment
alcondi
ti
ons.
 Ref
erences
BANGLADESHCLI
MATECHANGESTRATEGYANDACTI
ONPLAN2008Gov
ernmentof

t
hePeopl
e’
sRepubl
i
cofBangl
adesh.(
n.d.
).Ret
ri
evedDecember3,
2022,
from

ht
tps:
//pol
i
cy.
asi
apaci
fi
cener
gy.
org/
sit
es/
def
aul
t/
fil
es/
Bangl
adesh%20Cl
i
mat
e%

20Change%20St
rat
egy
%20and%20Act
ion%20Pl
an_
reduced_
0.pdf

Bhowmi
k,A.K.
,&Cabr
al,
P.(
2013)
.Cy
cloneSi
drI
mpact
sont
heSundar
bansFl
ori
sti
c

Di
ver
sit
y.Ear
thSci
enceResear
ch,
2(2)
.ht
tps:
//doi
.
org/
10.
5539/
esr
.v2n2p62

Das,
S.,
&Vi
ncent
,J.R.(
2009)
.Mangr
ovespr
otect
edv
il
lagesandr
educeddeat
htol
l

dur
ingI
ndi
ansupercy
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