Optimization of Narcotics Inmate Development in

Pamekasan Class II A Narcotics Prison

St. Fatima
Master of Law Program, Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
Email: Stfatima36@gmail.com

Abstract

The number of narcotics convicts increased in East Java as the number of narcotics usage instances
increased. When they are penalized, they are given relevant and tailored training. Contributing aims
to ensure that people in prison understand their rights in accordance with their interests and talents.
Guidance in prisons is a critical component of a narcotics prisoner's life and livelihood following
their release. Correctional personnel play a significant role in the completion of all prison activities.
This research aims to explain how to maximize narcotic prisoner growth and overcome narcotic
prisoner development barriers. This is a socio-legal study that apply a qualitative approach,
observations, and literature reviews, with the research taking place at the Pamekasan Class IIA
Narcotics Prison. The study findings showed that narcotic convicts are advancing toward
compliance with the rules. However, such as limited human resources for staff, a shortage of
technical personnel for job training, and budget constraints. As a result, the Class IIA Pamekasan
Narcotics Prison has enhanced its human resources while networking and establishing positive
relationships with the community and businessmen. Furthermore, the Correctional Center must
analyze whether the advice provided while in prison is useful and sustainable.

Keywords: Development; Prisoner Narcotics; Correctional Institutions.

A. INTRODUCTION
The coaching system for narcotics convicts is carried out in prisons, where
prisons are a type of criminal punishment (prison). Imprisonment is a kind of
deprivation of one's liberty. The legal basis for the existence of Correctional
Institutions in Indonesia is regulated in Article 1 point 3 of Law Number 12 of 1995
concerning Correctional Institutions, which states that Correctional Institutions,
hereinafter referred to as Prison, are places to carry out coaching for prisoners and
correctional students. The institution responsible for providing guidance to
convicts is Prison. The main goal of Correctional Institutions is to foster citizens
who have been developed by systems, institutions, and coaching techniques as the
main components of the criminal justice system.
Philosophically, penalization is a form of punishment that has deviated from
the philosophical concepts of retributive (retaliation), deterrence (prevention), and
resocialization. In other words, punishment is not intended to cause suffering as
retaliation, nor is it intended to deter perpetrators and do not assume that
perpetrators can be socially alienated (Protic et al., 2020; Burki, 2020). Corrections
are in line with social reintegration theory, which holds that crime is a conflict
between the convict and society, and punishment is designed to resolve that
conflict or to reintegrate the convict into society (reintegration) (Singh et al., 2022;
Hashmi et al., 2021). Regarding this, Butler et al. (2021) stated that prisons are not
only for imprisoning people, but also for fostering or educating convicts, so that
after completing coaching, they are able to adapt to life outside prison as good
citizens and comply with applicable laws and regulations.
The guidance provided to convicts is adjusted to Pancasila, the 1945
Constitution, and the Standard Minimum Rules (SMR), as stated in the 10
Principles of Corrections. Corrections are the last component of the criminal justice
system, which is a component of an integrated justice system. Thus, if
Correctionalism is viewed through an institutional system, the methods of
coaching and correctional tasks are closely related to a series of law enforcement
activities that comply with human rights standards.
For the Indonesian state which is based on Pancasila, new ideas about the
role of punishment which is more than just a deterrent but also an effort to
rehabilitate and reintegrate the social welfare of prisoners have created a coaching
system which for more than thirty years has been known and referred to as the
correctional system. According to Article 14 of the 1995 Correctional Law, the
rights of convicts are the basis that proper and humane treatment in an integrated
coaching system must be applied.
The increase in narcotics crimes in society has contributed to an increase in
narcotics convicts in correctional institutions. The Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics
Prison is one of the Technical Implementation Units (UPT) in the field of
Corrections which is under the authority of the Regional Office (Kanwil) of the
Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Kemenkumham) in East Java. The
establishment of the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison Organization was based
on the Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights (Menkumham) of the
Republic of Indonesia No. M.04.PR.03 of 2003 regarding the Establishment of
Narcotics Prisons in Pematang Siantar, Lubuk Linggau, Bandar Lampung, Jakarta,
Bandung, Nusakambangan, Madiun, Pamekasan, Martapura, Bangli, Maros, and
Jayapura. Narcotics convicts are treated differently from criminal case convicts in
general, especially in terms of coaching which must be more specific.
In Indonesia, narcotics cases continue to increase every year. The total
number of narcotics cases in Quarter 1 of 2021 is 12,890 cases with 16,740 suspects.
East Java is in second place after North Sumatra with the most narcotics cases with
1,910 cases and 2,346 suspects. Meanwhile, the number of narcotics convicts, East
Java ranks first with a total of 1,019 convicts. The development of cases of abuse
and illicit trafficking of narcotics that occurred in East Java has led to an increase in
the number of convicts of narcotics cases at the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics
Prison. While they are incarcerated, they receive coaching tailored to their
particular needs. Correctional officers have an important role in carrying out all
activities of prisoners. The statement stressed that correctional staff should provide
coaching to inmates, not punish them.
Responding to this, the Indonesian penitentiary system has long prioritized
the development of prisoners, correctional students, and correctional clients with
preventive, curative, rehabilitative and educative characteristics. The right to life,
the right not to be tortured, the right to freedom of thought and conscience, the
right to have a religion, the right not to be enslaved, the right to be recognized as an
individual before the law, and the right not to be prosecuted are all regulated in
Article 28 paragraph (1). These rights are human rights that cannot be revoked or
reduced.
It is undeniable that the basic rights of prisoners must be respected. This is
important to consider when developing a penal system based on correctional
principles. The principles referred to in Law no. 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections
are as follows: 1) protection; 2) Equality and treatment; 3) Education and mentors;
4) Respect for human dignity; 5) Loss of independence is the only suffering; and 6)
Guaranteed right to communicate with relatives and certain persons.
Prison mentoring is essential to getting a person back in life, life, and
livelihood. The next task of the prison is to try to improve and change so that the
behavior of prisoners is in accordance with the demands of society (Lussier &
Frechette, 2022; Nnam et al., 2022). Apart from trying to change the behavior of
convicts, Correctional Institutions also seek change on the part of the community,
namely that the community is willing to accept convicts back into their
environment (Hamja, 2019). Coaching is a process that helps prisoners and
students to improve their health, intelligence, actions and behavior, professional,
physical and spiritual.
Convicts are members of the public whose crimes have caused them to enter
prison. They cannot be separated from their nature as human beings who need
labor to meet their needs. Therefore, work plays an important strategic role in
fostering prisoners (Hamsir & Abdain, 2019; Long, 2022). Since the birth of Prison
as a coaching institution, Sahardjo has developed ten concepts for coaching and
guiding convicts, namely: a) Those who are lost must be protected by providing the
necessities of life to become good and useful members of society; b) Punishment is
not an act of revenge by the government; c) Repentance is not achieved through
pain, but through guidance; d) The state has no authority to make a prisoner worse
off or less fortunate than before he was imprisoned; e) As long as they lose their
freedom of movement, convicts must be integrated into society rather than isolated;
f) The work given to convicts may not only take time or solely for the benefit of the
institution or the state, but must be directed at the development of the country; g)
Education and guidance must be based on Pancasila, because every individual is a
human being who must be considered as a human being regardless of whether he
has strayed or not, it is not permissible for convicts to declare that they are
criminals; and h) Prisoners only receive punishment for loss of independence,
because the institution's physical facilities are currently an obstacle to the
implementation of the correctional system, it is necessary to create prisons or new
facilities to meet the needs of the implementation of the coaching program.
Self-reliance fostering is necessary for development and independent living.
As a result, each individual must believe in his ability to contribute to the
development of the country. This must be maximized with an approach to
improving self-esteem and developing skills (Equatora, 2018; Lee et al., 2021). The
implementation of the prisoner independence program must also be based on
human rights principles, because human rights are attached to everyone from the
moment they are born (Ridwan et al., 2018).
Because the penitentiary system is not an integral part of the criminal law
enforcement chain, its implementation cannot be separated from the formation of a
broader concept of punishment. Apart from rehabilitating convicts as good citizens,
the Correctional System also protects the public from the potential for convicts to
repeat crimes, and is an application and an integral part of Pancasila values (Sabar,
2018).
This research focuses on narcotics convicts in Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics
Prison, where narcotics convicts are said to need more comprehensive and
sustainable development. In addition, they are not only accused of violating the
law, but also considered sick as a result of using narcotics. Consequently, they are
also taught certain skills to live independently and contribute to development.
Guidance and counseling is provided both in the mental and skills areas. With the
mentality and talent they had before, it is hoped that narcotics convicts will
successfully assimilate into society. A convict is judged based on his interests and
abilities. The results of these activities are summarized in a report which serves as a
guideline for correctional officers in carrying out coaching programs for narcotics
convicts. Program implementation must be guided by the interests and talents
identified by prisoners during the assessment.
This study aims to optimize the development of narcotics convicts, whether
the coaching program has provided provisions for narcotics convicts to be
independent after returning to society. The purpose of this study was to determine
the effectiveness of counseling given to narcotics convicts by Class IIA Pamekasan
Narcotics Prison in order to improve human resources. This is based on the
following considerations:
a. The problem is, does the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison provide
guidance at the prison in accordance with existing laws and regulations,
namely Correctional Law No. 12 of 1995.
b. A lot of negative stigma is faced by narcotics convicts, even though convicts,
narcotics also have the potential to contribute to the progress of the nation,
but they only lack opportunities and are considered ugly, even considered
trash by the surrounding community. This assumption will hamper the
process of resocialization of narcotics convicts in the community, and may
even result in the return of narcotics convicts to their previous illnesses, thus
hindering development. However, if society accepts it, then it is relatively
easy for narcotics convicts to develop their potential while serving their
sentence, and it is likely that the results of their coaching during that time
can be turned into capital when they return to social life.
 c. As a society and a responsible citizen, we work together with the
government to fight drug abuse, starting from reinstating drug offenders to
enabling them to reintegrate into society and lead a better life in the future.
Therefore, the community must be involved in coaching convicts to achieve
these goals.
d. Correctional provisions given to narcotics convicts in prison will improve
their performance in the field of work they are interested in, or the problem
is that they take advantage of their age while in prison to study under more
reliable and professional criminals. Thus it can be determined to what extent
the provisions of the penitentiary laws and regulations apply to the
development of narcotics convicts carried out by Class IIA Pamekasan
Narcotics Prison officers, because if all parties involved in the correctional
development process carry out their duties and obligations properly, of
course the expected goals will be successful and optimal.

Based on the description above, it shows that there is a need for a study of
the importance of optimizing the development of narcotics convicts at Class IIA
Pamekasan Narcotics Prison.

B. METHOD
The socio-legal research method was used in this study. The socio-legal
research method is an alternative approach to studying law as an object of study. In
this case, law is seen not only as an applied perspective and discipline, but also as
an empirical reality or legal reality (Reza & Max, 2005). Meanwhile, this study uses
a qualitative approach. This research is a socio-legal study that analyzes and
evaluates the optimization of the development of narcotics convicts and the
obstacles to its implementation at the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Penitentiary.
There are two data sources in this study, namely Primary Data Sources and
Secondary Data. The data collection method used in this research is based on
primary field data, particularly from informants collected through interviews, and
secondary legal material data obtained through literature analysis. The assessment
was carried out to complete the research theory, preliminary data and supporting
data.
Data collection was carried out through several techniques, namely: 1)
Interviews, interviews were conducted with several informants including the Head
of Correctional Institution, Head of Prison/Protect Development Section, Head of
Work Activities, officers, and several WBP Class IIA Narcotics Prison Pamekasan.
To support the information obtained in this study; 2) Observation, observation is
collecting data or information that must be carried out by making direct
observation efforts to the place to be studied (Albi, 2018). The place in this research
was carried out at the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison which is located at
Jalan Pembina No. 2, Pamekasan, East Java. The Pamekasan Narcotics Prison
received an award for Human Rights-Based Public Service. The determination of
the award is contained in the Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of
the Republic of Indonesia No. M.HH-01.HA.03.07 of 2021 concerning Stipulation of
Human Rights-Based Public Services; and 3) Literature Study, literature study,
namely conducting a review of several books, articles, or previous research that are
relevant and related to the issues raised in this research. This is done to build a
relationship between theory and the real situation encountered in the field. In other
words, secondary data collection methods are carried out in this literature study.
Qualitative descriptive analysis technique was applied in this study.
Descriptive qualitative method is a research technique that produces descriptive
data from people and observed behavior in the form of written and spoken words.
Analysis of qualitative descriptive data presents a clear and accurate picture based
on information collected through interviews and field observations. Conclusions
were then made to answer problems regarding the development of narcotics
convicts at Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison.

C. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. Overview of Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Penitentiary
Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison has the position of UPT Corrections
which is under and directly responsible to the Head of the East Java Regional
Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. The history of the establishment
of the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison began in 2010 with the issuance of the
Presidential Instruction of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2010 concerning the
Acceleration of the Implementation of National Development Priorities for 2010
and the RI Menkumham Decree No. M.04.PR.03 of 2003 concerning the
Establishment of the Narcotics Prisons of Pematang Siantar, Lubuk Linggau,
Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Bandung, Nusakambangan, Madiun, Pamekasan,
Martapura, Bangli, Maros and Jayapura. The Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison
was inaugurated by the Indonesian Minister of Law and Human Rights, Yasonna
H. Laoly, at the East Java Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights
on June 9 2015, previously this prison began operations or received the transfer of
WBP from another UPT on February 4 2015.
Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison is located on Jl. Coach No. 02,
Pamekasan Regency, East Java. Due to its location in the city center, the strategic
location, which is adjacent to Law Enforcement and Government Agencies,
includes the following: a) Adjacent to the Pamekasan Class IIA Penitentiary (at the
same location); b) The Regency Office is about 1 Km.; c) The Pamekasan Resort
Police Office is about 3 Km away; d) The 0826 Pamekasan Kodim Office is about 3.5
Km away; e) It is about 100 m away from Jungcangcang Village; f) The Pamekasan
Correctional Center is about 2 Km away; g) The Pamekasan District Court is about
3 Km away; h) With the Pamekasan District Prosecutor's Office about 4 Km away,
and i) With the East Java Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regional Office about
120 Km away.
 Based on the Decree of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia
No. M.04-PR.07.03 of 1985 concerning the Organization and Administration of
Prisons, Narcotics Correctional Institutions have the responsibility to carry out the
correctional of convicts or students who use narcotics and other illegal drugs. As
for carrying out this role, the Narcotics Correctional Institution has the following
functions: a) Conducting training for convicts or students in narcotics cases; b)
Provide guidance, therapy and rehabilitation for convicts or students in narcotics
cases; c) Carry out social or spiritual guidance for convicts or students; d) Carry out
maintenance of the security and order of the Penitentiary; and e) Carry out
administrative and household affairs.
RI Menkumham Regulation No. M.HH-05.0T.01.01 of 2011 concerning
Amendments to the Decree of the Minister of Justice No. M.01-PR.07.03 of 1985
concerning Correctional Organization and Work Procedures, that as a correctional
technical implementation unit, Correctional Institutions function as a place of
guidance and security for prisoners and correctional students, thus requiring
adequate facilities and infrastructure to provide the best correctional services.

2. Optimizing the Development of Narcotics Convicts in Class IIA

Pamekasan Narcotics Penitentiary
As previously stated, apart from functioning as the final stage of the criminal
justice system, prisons also function as institutions that provide assistance so that
drug convicts can reintegrate into society after serving their sentences. The purpose
of training prisoners is not only to provide a deterrent effect, but also to help
prisoners become better members of society. In addition, the aim of coaching
convicts is not only to fill their spare time while in prison, but also to expedite the
process so that drug convicts can transform from bad to good, recognize their
mistakes and not repeat them, and increase their efficiency so that they have
quality in their lives after they released. In addition to rehabilitating WBP as proper
citizens, WBP seeks to protect society from the potential for WBP to repeat criminal
acts, and this is an application that is closely related to Pancasila values.
The shift in concept from deterrence to coaching has resulted in the
emergence of alternative community-oriented coaching systems. Punishment is no
longer used as a deterrent tool, but rather as a means of better rehabilitation and
reintegration of prisoners into society. The guidance provided in Correctional
Institutions has proven that punishment is no longer only aimed at preventing
future crimes and protecting society, but also to help convicts become whole
human beings and have noble character (Haryono, 2018). The criminal concept
which is based on philosophical development, especially community-oriented
development, should have an impact on strategic policies, namely the strategy for
determining criminal sanctions policies. Policies in deciding criminal penalties
include determining the nature and severity of the crime (Rahmat, 2015).
 Prison development is based on the correctional system and is regulated in
Law no. 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections. Article 2 of the Law states that the aim
of coaching is to develop convicts to become fully human beings who are aware of
their mistakes, improve themselves, and refrain from repeating criminal acts so that
they can reintegrate into society and play a role in development and live well as
responsible citizens. . As previously stated, prisons are very important in efforts to
deal with narcotics convicts who will later return to society. The method is through
fostering prisoners.
Prisoner development is a coaching program administered by prisons
designed to enable prisoners to engage properly with society after their prison
terms. The procedure for fostering narcotics convicts at the Pamekasan Class IIA
Narcotics Prison is the same as that carried out in other prisons. This is regulated in
the Circular of the Head of the Directorate of Corrections KP.10.13/3/1 dated 8
February 1965 which stipulates the Admission Orientation Stage, the Development
Stage, the Assimilation Stage, and the Integration Stage with society.
In the correctional system, convicts are fostered through three stages,
namely the initial stage, the advanced stage, and the final stage. At each stage,
convicts must act according to the advice of the Correctional Observer Team (TPP).
TPP was mandated by the Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights and
the Laws of the Republic of Indonesia based on Decree M.02.PR.08.03 of 1999
concerning the Establishment of Correctional Advisory Centers and Correctional
Observer Teams. TPP has a position at the Directorate General of Corrections
(Central), Regional Office (Regional) of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights,
and UPT Corrections (Sanusi, 2019).
The ultimate goal of the correctional process in the correctional system is to
prepare good and useful citizens and to rebuild community relations with them.
This relationship is restored by involving the community in the coaching process,
both through cooperation and with an attitude of being ready to accept back
prisoners who have completed their criminal terms or by coaching to integrate
them into society (Trisapto, 2020).
Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison conducts training for narcotics
prisoners. The coaching program is carried out in a structured manner which
includes personality and independence development activities. Personality
development focuses on mental and character development so that convicts can
develop into whole human beings who are pious and responsible to themselves,
their families and society.
The development of narcotics convicts is a very complicated issue, especially
when it is seen that the people involved in narcotics cases are not limited to sellers.
This complicates the task of developing narcotics offenders compared to other
types of crime. In the absence of special regulations governing the guidance that
must be given to narcotics abusers who are fostered in narcotics correctional
institutions, the guidance provided at narcotics correctional institutions or
elsewhere is currently regulated by applicable regulations, such as the Correctional
Law and other regulations in the field of coaching.
Guidance for narcotics abusers is often more intensive in the health sector
for narcotics abusers, especially those who are still addicted. Health services
provided to drug convicts include:
1. General health care activities, especially health care for narcotics convicts,
who are at high risk of spreading various communicable diseases, especially
through the use of contaminated needles and syringes.
2. Efforts to treat drug abuse, which includes: a) Screening convicts who use
narcotics and alcohol; b) Detoxification services; c) Detection of narcotics
addiction when narcotics offenders enter prison is very important to
determine whether they are addicted to narcotics; d) Treatment with oral
opiate substitution or methadone substitution therapy; e) Emergency
treatment, namely immediate action for convicts who abuse narcotics who
experience an overdose; and f) Rehabilitation treatment which can be in the
form of Therapeutic Community, Criminon, Narcotic Anonymous,
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Religious Therapy, and others with the
aim of changing behavior, increasing self-confidence, overcoming addiction,
and strengthening faith and piety.
3. Physical health services, which include the provision of food for narcotics
convicts, personal hygiene, sports activities, health education, and disease
prevention efforts.
4. Mental and spiritual health maintenance activities, namely psychological or
psychiatric health maintenance and spiritual or religious health
maintenance. Both of these approaches seek to change thought processes
and behaviors that deviate from the point of view of religion and customary
law. These norms certainly carry sanctions, both physical (containment
sentences) in prison which are imposed through court proceedings and
judge's decisions, and moral sanctions imposed by the community which
have no time limit.

While other coaching, such as coaching in the field of independence to

prepare convicts to integrate with society, is still being implemented in accordance
with general coaching provisions, even though most of the coaching cannot be
carried out due to health problems (addiction) experienced by drug convicts.
The personality development program is carried out at Class IIA Pamekasan
Narcotics Prison. These programs include religious teaching, athletic activities,
legal awareness programs, and national and state awareness. In addition to
personality development, Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison also fosters
independence. Self-reliance coaching focuses on developing talents and skills so
that prisoners can reintegrate into society as free and responsible individuals.
Decree of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia No.
M.02.PK.04.10 of 1990 concerning Patterns of Convict/Detainee Development,
Correctional Institutions in the correctional system apart from being places of
execution of imprisonment (confinement) also have several strategic goals in
national development. The aim is to emphasize that Correctional Institutions have
a dual role, namely as educational institutions and development institutions. Prison
development activities are regulated in the applicable laws and regulations, namely
the Decree of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia No. M.02.PK.04.10
of 1990 concerning Patterns of Development of Convicts/Detainees, which
stipulates two different patterns of formation, namely personality development and
independence.

3. Personality Development
In Pamekasan Class II A Narcotics Prison, personality development seeks to
change the character and mindset of narcotics convicts to make it easier to accept
all positive changes in the future. For this reason, the following are some
personality development activities carried out:
a. Development of Religious Awareness
Guidance in this field is to strengthen WBP's faith and piety to God
Almighty, so that narcotics convicts understand and reflect on the consequences of
their actions. Religious activities at the Pamekasan Narcotics Prison Class IIA are
adapted to the religion of narcotics convicts. The briefing is carried out in various
ways, for example for Muslim prisoners, it is carried out through recitation, hadrah
training, and completing the Al-Qur'an at the Baiturrahman Mosque, Pamekasan
Class IIA Narcotics Prison. Whereas for prisoners who are Christians, their spiritual
development activities are carried out twice a week, in this case the Pamekasan
Class IIA Narcotics Prison cooperates with Church associations in Pamekasan
(Interview with Dadang Rais Saputro, Head of Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics
Prison Development in December 21, 2021).
b. Development of National and State Awareness
Coaching in this field seeks to increase the knowledge of narcotics convicts
about their nation and country so that they become good citizens and serve their
nation and country, as well as train their awareness and insight. This program is
designed to instill a sense of patriotism and love for the motherland. The training
was carried out in various ways, including celebrating national holidays such as
Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia and Penitentiary Day (Interview
with Dadang Rais Saputro, Head of Prisoner/Children Narcotics Prison Class IIA
Pamekasan on 21 December 2021).
c. Intellectual Development
Coaching in this field is needed to increase the knowledge and abilities of
WBP, so as to enable them to support the positive activities needed during the
coaching period. Intellectual coaching is a type of coaching that aims to increase the
convicts' knowledge and develop their intellectual functions. This coaching is
carried out according to the needs and capacities of the perpetrators through
classes, skills training, and other activities such as reading newspapers and books
that can be accessed at the Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison Library
(Interview with Dadang Rais Saputro, Head of Prison Development for Narcotics
Class IIA Pamekasan Prisoners) on December 21, 2021).
d. Development of Legal Awareness
This coaching is intended to educate drug convicts about their rights and
obligations as law-abiding citizens. The specific aim of educating drug convicts is
that they have committed a crime and are committed not to repeat it after serving
their sentence. This advice is realized by providing legal counseling with the aim of
increasing high legal awareness. Legal counseling aims to build a Legal Awareness
Family while in prison or after being released (Interview with Dadang Rais
Saputro, Head of Prisoners/Children Narcotics Prison Class IIA Pamekasan on
December 21, 2021).
e. Coaching Integrating Yourself with Society
This coaching seeks to facilitate the transition of former narcotics offenders
to the surrounding community. During their time in prison, they are always
encouraged to obey their religion and do cooperative social work, so that when
they return to society, they can contribute to community development (Interview
with Dadang Rais Saputro, Head of Prison Development for Prisoners/Children
Narcotics Prison Class IIA Pamekasan on the 21st December 2021).

4. Independence Development
Self-reliance development focuses more on developing the qualities and
skills of convicts. The development of independence at Class IIA Pamekasan
Narcotics Prison has an activity program, namely work coaching which aims to
equip prisoners with skills that can be used as a livelihood after being released.
Work activities for fostering independence in the Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics
Correctional Institution, prison, among others:
a. Furniture Work Training
This training aims to empower actors through independent work, especially
those who have talents and abilities in the timber sector. At the time the author
made his observations, the furniture making training took place at the Class IIA
Pamekasan Narcotics Correctional Training Center (BLK), namely making
backdrops, cabinets, tables and chairs.
b. Plantation Job Training
When they have been released, this ability will provide them with income.
They can run a plantation business with these skills. According to the author's
observations, vegetables such as chilies, mustard greens, and eggplants thrive in
the Assimilation and Education Facility Area (SAE) of the Pamekasan Class IIA
Narcotics Prison.

c. Handicraft Work Training

 WBP Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Penitentiary Skills in processing used
goods into quality works and the handicrafts are no less competitive than the work
of other craftsmen. When the author made his observations, WBP's work was
displayed in the window of the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Correctional
Training Center (BLK), namely wooden cow karapan miniatures, wooden
motorcycle miniatures, and wooden ship miniatures.
d. Sewing and Dressmaking Training
This sewing independence training is a synergy between agencies, which
includes cutting clothing materials and sewing. This training was attended by 30
WBP Class II Narcotics Prison Pamekasan. This training was carried out because of
the collaboration between the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison and
Pamekasan 3 Vocational High School (Interview with Andris Sugiarto, Head of
Work Activities for Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison on December 21, 2021).
e. Construction Work Training
As a basis for training, inmates are taught about building construction,
including how to properly lay ceramic tiles and use other construction tools.
Approximately 120 WBP Class IIA Narcotics Prison Pamekasan attended HR
development training and they received certificates. In this training, the Pamekasan
Class IIA Narcotics Prison collaborated with Pamekasan 2 Vocational High School
(Interview with Andris Sugiarto, Head of Work Activities Pamekasan Class IIA
Narcotics Prison on December 21, 2021).
f. Welding Work Training
The welding skills of WBP Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison made
flower shelves and shoe racks. This welding training went well. In this case the
Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison cooperates with the Pamekasan Regency
Manpower and Transmigration Office as a training instructor (Interview with
Andris Sugiarto, Head of Work Activities Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison on
December 21, 2021).
g. Culinary Training
WBP's culinary skills are in making bread and pastries which are consumed
within the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison and their products are marketed
outside the prison. This marketing cooperates with several parties, one of which is
hospitality. Apart from collaborating with Pamekasan 3 Vocational High School,
Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison also collaborates with and Anugerah Vata
Abadi Ltd (AVA) (Interview with Andris Sugiarto, Head of Work Activities
Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison on December 21, 2021).
h. Fish Cultivation Exercise
It is hoped that this skill will become WBP's provision regarding training in
betta fish cultivation with various types, when they return to the community
environment. Based on the author's observations, the betta fish are cultivated in
cement ponds measuring approximately 6 x 5 m and glass bottles in the Pamekasan
Class IIA Narcotics Penitentiary. According to Boogi Zumarta, one of the prisoners,
there are five types of betta fish cultivated in prison, namely Avatar, Crown Tail,
Gold, Halfmoon and Lavender. The WBP, who is familiarly called Bogek, also
admitted that he was happy to be given skills and activities for betta fish farming
by the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison. Not only for cultivation, betta fish
cultivation WBP Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison also participated in the
contest and won the championship (Interview with Andris Sugiarto, Head of Work
Activities for Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison on December 21, 2021).

Based on the Decree of the Director General of Corrections No. PAS-

03.PR.01.01 of 2020 concerning Correctional Resolutions for 2020, there are three
things that must be met in the development of prisoners, namely resolution
number 4, in the form of providing medical and social rehabilitation to 21,540
convicts who use narcotics, and resolution number 7, namely improve the quality
of convicts by providing certified skills training to 35,860 convicts, and resolution
number 11, namely increasing Non-Tax State revenues by IDR 7,000,000,000.00. To
achieve this resolution, based on the Letter of the Director General of Corrections,
Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison has a target of carrying out narcotics
rehabilitation for 240 WBP addicts and narcotics users, and obtaining a target of 120
inmates who get skills and certificates. The Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics
Correctional Institution also has a target of increasing Non-Tax State Revenue from
IDR 200,000.00 or IDR 2400,000.00 per month to IDR 300,000.00 per month or IDR
3,600,000.00/year.
In 2021 the Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison will receive a PNBP target
of IDR 3,600,000.00 from sales revenue from other non-R&D products, namely from
furniture activities, fish farming, handicraft training, and so on (Interview with
Sohibur Rachman, Head of Narcotics Head Class IIA Pamekasan on 21 December
2021).

5. Barriers to Implementation of Development of Narcotics Convicts in Class

IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Penitentiary
According to the results of interviews with informants at the Pamekasan
Class IIA Narcotics Prison, the challenges found in the field are one of the
significant obstacles that hinder the implementation of coaching for drug convicts.
These obstacles are found in forms such as the limited human resources for prison
officers who are not yet in line with the needs of coaching and the lack of technical
personnel in the field of coaching for job training.
Another obstacle in the implementation of convict coaching is regarding the
budget. Budget limitations must be recognized as an obstacle to the
implementation of fostering narcotics convicts. Inadequate budgets often hinder
training programs in prisons, so that they cannot operate efficiently, because the
authorities have difficulty preparing the facilities and needs for prisoners placed in
the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison. Without adequate financial support, it
will be difficult to develop convicts optimally. Indeed, the government has
budgeted for operational costs, but this is not sufficient to guarantee the optimal
development of prisoners.

In general, society refuses to re-enter former narcotics convicts into their

environment because of the following reasons:
a. Lack of preparedness and public awareness.
b. There are still different perspectives on the background of drug convicts.
c. Lack of public trust in the care process for inmates in prisons. This is related
to the quality of the perpetrators who are undergoing training at the
Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Penitentiary.
d. The community continues to be haunted by fear that drug convicts will
repeat their actions.
e. Society wants a sense of security, and there is no guarantee that ex-narcotics
convicts will act as they should in the future.
f. Several anticipatory steps have been taken by the Pamekasan Class IIA
Narcotics Prison, as follows:
g. Improving the capacity of drug convicts through cooperation with local
governments in areas that require trained and professional medical
personnel.
h. Collaborating with the Pamekasan Branch of the Suryalaya Islamic Boarding
School Foundation through counseling and Islamic religious studies, namely
providing faith and piety as an effort to strengthen mental and spiritual
development for narcotics prisoners in the future.
i. In collaboration with the Rise and Shine Indonesia Foundation as well as the
Abdi Gusti Theological College (STTAG) Surabaya, this was done as an
effort to bring WBP Christians closer to God and the process of cadre
formation for prospective Pastors.
j. Collaborating with Public vocational secondary schools 2 and Public
vocational secondary schools 3 Pamekasan in order to improve the quality of
fostering the independence of narcotics prisoners.
k. Providing integrated legal counseling to the community, especially to the
families of convicts, in collaboration with other subsystems of the criminal
justice system (Police, Prosecutors and Judges), in order to provide
opportunities for ex-narcotics convicts to live life in society in the hope that
they will not repeat crimes committed before.
l. In collaboration with the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) of Sumenep
Regency. The collaboration aims so that all prisoners in prison and after
leaving prison can avoid narcotics, and as an effort to prevent narcotics
abuse.
 m. Attempts to complement and improve facilities and infrastructure for prison
development, such as houses of worship, libraries, health clinics, and other
skills facilities.
n. The enthusiasm given by Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison officers to
one another, to hold coordination or evaluation meetings every month and
instill awareness to serve WBP sincerely and in accordance with conscience.
o. Collaborating with Sumenep Wiraraja University, especially the Faculty of
Law regarding lectures for Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison
employees. This collaboration includes lectures to prison staff and is also a
program to improve the quality of human resources within the Class IIA
Pamekasan Narcotics Prison employees to become professional and reliable
Law graduates.

According to the results of an interview with Sohibur Rahcman, Head of

Narcotics Class IIA Pamekasan on December 21, 2021 that some of the obstacles
encountered in the implementation of fostering narcotics convicts have been
carried out to the fullest extent possible based on existing capabilities, such as
carrying out repairs and additions to facilities and infrastructure, cooperating with
the government areas, as well as providing legal counseling to the public so they
can accept former narcotics convicts back and continue their lives normally.

D. CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that the development of
narcotics convicts at Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison is divided into two
patterns of development, namely personality development, including fostering
religious awareness, fostering awareness of the nation and state, intellectual
development, fostering legal awareness, and fostering self-integration with Public.
While fostering self-reliance, consisting of furniture work training, plantation work
training, handicraft work training, sewing and dressmaking training, construction
work training, welding work training, culinary training, and fish farming training.
The implementation of personality and independence development at the
Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison is in line with statutory regulations.
However, the implementation of this guidance experienced several obstacles, such
as limited human resources for officers, a shortage of technical personnel in the
field of job training development, and budgetary constraints. Regarding the
facilities and infrastructure of the Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Prison, it is
always improving as a supporting effort in achieving more optimal performance.
The big hope for the development of narcotics convicts is the implementation of the
Pamekasan Class IIA Narcotics Headquarters policy, as well as the professionalism
of the officers under their supervision. The community, families of narcotics
prisoners, and related agencies all make a significant contribution to optimizing the
development of narcotics convicts.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author thanks Mr. Sohibur Rachman, A.Md. IP., S.Sos., M.H. as the Head of
Class IIA Pamekasan Narcotics Prison who allowed the author to carry out this
research, Mr. Syaiful Bahri, S.H. and structural employees of Class IIA Pamekasan
Narcotics Prison, as well as all parties who have participated in the implementation
of this research.
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