Name:

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5.1: The Roots of Progressivism (p. 208)

Essential Question: Can politics fix social problems?

Video: William Jennings Bryan vs. JP Morgan

1. How did most Americans view East Coast bankers such as JP Morgan?

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2. What was the direct consequence of economic inequalities felt by farmers and workers?

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3. How was William Jennings Bryan able to give voice to the frustrations of working Americans?

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The Rise of Progressivism

1. Progressivism was a ____________________ of different ideas and activities, not a tightly organized

political ____________________ with a specific set of goals. Rather, it was a series of responses to

_________________ in American society that emerged from the growth of ____________________ .

Who Were the Progressives?

1. Progressives generally believed that ____________________ and ____________________ had created

many social problems.

2. Most were urban, educated, ____________________ Americans.

3. Most agreed that ____________________ should take a more active role in solving society’s problems.

4. Science and technology had benefited people; thus, progressives believed using scientific principles

could also produce _________________ for society.

1. Among the first people to articulate progressive ideas was a group of crusading ___________________

who investigated social ____________________ and political ____________________.

2. President Theodore Roosevelt nicknamed these writers “____________________ “ because of what he

perceived as their obsession with scandal and corruption.

3. By raising awareness of these problems, the muckrakers stimulated __________ for ______________.

4. Jacob Riis captured poverty, disease, and crime in New

York City’s immigrant neighborhoods. What message

do you think Riis is conveying with this photo?

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Reforming Government

1. Progressivism included a range of _______________ activities.

2. They condemned the government ________________ but did not always agree on the best way to

________ the problem.

Making Government Efficient

1. Books such as Frederick W. Taylor’s The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) described how a

company could increase __________________ by managing time, breaking tasks down into smaller
 __________, and using standardized tools- a scientific ________________ to business that some

progressives wanted to extend to government.

Read & annotate:

“In some form or other nearly every governmental problem that involves the health, the happiness or the
prosperity of the State has arisen, because some private interest intervened or has sought for its own gain to
exploit either the resources or the politics of the State. I take it, therefore, that the first duty that is mine to
perform is to eliminate every private interest from the government, and to make the public service of the State
responsive solely to the people. The State is entitled to the highest efficiency in our public service, and the
efficiency I shall endeavor at all times to give. It is obvious that the requisite degree of efficiency can not be
attained where any public servant divides his allegiance between the public service and private interest.”
- Hiram Johnson, inauguration speech, 1911

2. Summarize Johngson’s argument in two or three sentences, and explain how this primary source

contributes to progressivism.

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3. Progressives supported proposals to reform city governments. One, a _____________________ plan,

divided city government into several departments, with each under an expert commissioner’s control. A

second, a _____________________ system, employed a city manager who was hired by the city

council.

Democratic Reforms

1. Another group of progressives focused on making government more ________________ and responsive

to ________________. Many believed that the key to improving government was to make

_______________ _________________ more responsive and accountable to ________________.

2. La Follette pressured the state legislature to pass a law requiring parties to hold a _______________

________________, in which all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general

election.
 3. The ________________ permits citizens to introduce ________________ and requires the legislature to

___________ on it.

4. A ________________ allows citizens to vote on proposed laws directly. Referendums are also used to

_______________ existing laws.

5. The ____________ provided voters an option to demand a special election to remove an elected

________________ from office before his or her term has _____________.

Woman Suffrage

1. At the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

convinced the delegates that winning ________________-the right to vote- should be a priority.

Map: Woman Suffrage, 1869-1920

1. Which state or territory first granted women the right to vote?

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2. In what direction did support for woman suffrage generally move throughout the country before 1920?

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Early Challenges

1. Suffragists were called ____________________ and _______________ and were _________________.

2. The debate over these two amendments split the movement into two groups:

a. The New York City-based

________________________________________________________, founded by Susan B.

_______________in 1869

b. Boston-based __________________________________________________________, led by

Lucy ______________ and Julia Ward _________.

Building Support

1. In 1890, the two groups united to form the

________________________________________________________________________ (_________).
 2. As the Progressive movement gained momentum, however, many women realized that they need the

_______ to promote reforms and pass labor __________.

3. Women began organizing events, handing out ______________, and delivering ______________.

4. _______________ is when you contact a political leader personally, explain your ______________,

and try to convince them to ______________ for a legislator financially when they run for reelection.

5. Alice Paul founded the __________________________________________ (NWP). The NWP

emphasized non-violent protest to promote women’s right to participate in the ______________ process.

Its members ______________, blocked ______________, chained themselves to ______________, and

went on ______________ strikes if arrested.

6. The hunger strikers were force fed in ______________, and the story gathered a lot of attention in the

press, creating a national scandal. Equally disturbing was a police attack on a group of woman

______________ that left several women with ______________ and broken _________.

7. While the NWP had focused on non-violent protest, the leader of NAWSA, Carrie Chapman Catt, had

organized the ______________ movement for one nationwide push for suffrage.

Reforming Society

1. While many progressives focused on reforming the political system, others focused on social problems,

such as ______________, ______________, alcohol ______________, child ______________, and the

health and ______________ of Americans.

2. Women were prominent ______________ of the social-welfare progressives.

3. Because the culture of the time generally expected ______________ and ______________ to work and

provide for their ______________, women and children who lost their husbands.

Child Labor

1. Children had always worked on family farms, but mines and factories were presented more dangerous

and unhealthy ______________ conditions.

2. Reports like these convinced states to pass laws that set a ______________ age for employment and

established other limits on child labor, such as ______________ hours children could work. At the same
 time, many states began passing compulsory ______________ laws, requiring young children to be in

school instead of at __________.

3. The ______________ ______________ investigated issues like infant mortality, orphanages, and

dangerous work conditions for children.

Health and Safety Codes

1. When workers were injured or killed on the job,, they and their ______________ received little or no

_________________.

2. Progressives joined union leaders to pressure states for workers’ compensation laws. These laws

established ______________ funds that employers financed. Workers injured in accidents received

payments from the funds.

3. In two cases, Lochner v. New York (_______) and Muller v. Oregon (_______), the U.S. Supreme Court

addressed the government's authority to regulate business to protect workers.

4. On March 25, 1911, a tragedy occurred in ______________________________ that led to new reforms.

Most of the factories employees- and fatalities- were young ____________________.

5. In response, New York created a Factory Investigating Commission and soon passed new laws that

reformed the labor ___________.

6. Some progressives also favored zoning laws as a method of protecting the public. These laws divided a

town or city into ______________ for commercial, residential, or other development, thereby regulating

how land and building could be used.

The Prohibition Movement

1. Many progressives blamed ______________ for many of society’s ______________.

2. Settlement-house workers knew that ______________ were often spent on ______________ instead of

the _____________, and that ___________________ often led to physical ______________, illness,

poverty, and ____________________.

__________________.

4. In 1874, a group of women formed the Woman’s Christian ____________________________ (WCTU).

5. Willard convinced the WCTU to support women’s suffrage and champion many social selfcare causes,

including prison reform, __________ pay for women, protections for ______________, and the eight

hour day.

6. The Anti-Saloon League concentrated on reducing alcohol consumption. Later it pressed for

______________- laws banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of ______________

beverages.

7. It ran into effect January ______________.

Progressives Versus Big Business

1. Congressed passed a number of proposals to ______________ the economy under the presidential

administrations of Theodore ______________, William Howard ________, and Woodrow

______________. Many progressives agreed that big b business needed ______________. Some

believed that the government should break up big ______________ and restore ______________.

2. Others argued that big business was the most efficient way to organize the ______________.

3. Some activists event went so far as to advocate ______________- the idea that the government should

own and operate industry for the

______________.They wanted the

______________ to buy up large companies,

especially industries that affected everyone,

such as railroads and ______________.

1. How does this political cartoon

connect with 5.1?

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