144-Article Text-1018-1-10-20211230
144-Article Text-1018-1-10-20211230
144-Article Text-1018-1-10-20211230
Aleksandar Vemić
University of Belgrade – Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
aleksandar.vemic2@gmail.com
Abstract
AR TI CLE IN FO
Symptoms of disease were recorded on leaves of whitebeam (Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz)
Citation: seedlings in one stand in Montenegro. Analysis showed fungi Ochrospora ariae
Vemić A (2021) The first report of (Fuckel) Ramsb. and Septoria sorbi Lasch were present on infected trees. Species
Ochrospora ariae and Septoria Seporia sorbi was associated with necrotic reddish and brown spots while species
sorbi on whitebeam (Sorbus aria) Ochrospora ariae was associated with necrotic reddish spots and yellow pustule of
seedlings in Montenegro.
Reforesta 12:13-19.
uredinia on leaves. Species were recorded both separately and simultaneously on
DOI: leaves. This is the first record of Ochrospora ariae and Seporia sorbi on whitebeam
https://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFO (Sorbus aria) in Montenegro. Results will contribute to better knowledge of diseases
R.12.03.95 and better protection of whitebeam (Sorbus aria) in early stages of growth in this part
of its areal.
Keywords
Sorbus aria; Ochrospora ariae; Septoria sorbi; leaves
Contents
Editor: Abdenour Kheloufi
1. In trod u ct ion 13
Received: 2021-08-31
Accepted: 2021-12-16 2. Mat er ial an d m eth od 14
Published: 2021-12-30 2. 1 Stu d y ar ea 14
2. 2 Lab or ato ry m eth od s 14
3. Res u lts 14
3. 1 Sy mp to ms of d is eas e 14
3. 2 Id en ti fi ed fu n gi 15
4 Dis cu s s ion 17
5 Con clu s ion 18
6 Re f er en c es 18
1 Introduction
Investigation of pathogens and hosts in different environments serve as basis
for prediction and limitation of plant diseases (Agrios 2005; Scholthof 2007). It is
widely accepted that fungi cause most of the forest diseases (Karadžić 2010; Edmonds
Copyright: © 2021 Vemić et al. 2011). However, distribution of forest pathogens is significantly dependant from
Aleksandar. This work is licensed
their interactions including competition and host variability (Kearney and Porter
under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International Public 2009). Genus Sorbus contains about 90 trees species of trees and shrubs in northern
License. hemisphere (Cvjetićanin et al. 2016). All species in domestic forests were insufficiently
studied in term of forest diseases. In especial interest is species whitebeam (Sorbus
aria (L.) Crantz) as species rarely distributed in this part of its areal (Cvjetićanin et al.
2016).
To manage forest diseases one of the major tasks is to understand
epidemiology (Edmonds 2013). During the monitoring of health condition of different
trees species in Montenegro, symptoms of leaves decline on whitebeam (Sorbus aria)
seedlings were frequently noticed in locality Bukovica. Aim of this research was to
identify fungi associated with these symptoms in order to form appropriate protection
strategies of this species rarely distributed in this part of its areal.
3 Results
3.1 Symptoms of disease
Reddish and brown round spots were recorded on whitebeam (Sorbus aria)
leaves (Figure 2). Necrotic spots didn’t cause premature shedding of leaves in year of
monitoring (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Symptoms of leaf necrosis on whitebeam (Sorbus aria) leaves A-B necrotic lesions caused by pathogenic fungi.
Fungi Ochrospora ariae (Fuckel) Ramsb. and Septoria sorbi Lasch were
determined on infected leaves (Figure 2). Both species of fungi caused leaf necrosis
with characteristics spots (Figure 2). Spots of Ochrospora ariae and Septoria sorbi
occurred on the same trees in within the trees on separate and the same leaves
(Figure 3). Ochrospora ariae was more abundant based on visual evaluation of
symptoms.
Spots caused by Ochrospora ariae were characterized with round spots
reddish in color when young and turning brown when old (Figure 3 A). A characteristic
for these spots is the presence of yellow uredinia mostly on lower side of leaves
(Figure 3 B). In the case of older spots uredo pustule could be gone or become darker
in color before degradation (Figure 3 A-B).
Fungus Ochrospora ariae formed characteristics uredospores during this stage
of rust development (Figure 4). Spores were characteristics for this species, echinulate
with obscure pores (Figure 4).
Spots caused by Septoria sorbi resembled those caused by Ochrospora ariae
(Figure 5).
Figure 3. Ochrospora ariae leaf rust: A – reddish and brown spots on upper surface of leaves, B – uredinia (yellow
pustules) on lower side of leaves.
Figure 5. Septoria sorbi: A – development of necroses. B – typical spots with fruit bodies forming on necroses.
4 Discussion
Before this research there wasn’t detail study about fungi on whitebeam
(Sorbus aria) leaves. This is the first report of fungi Ochrospora ariae and Septoria sorbi
on whitebeam (Sorbus aria) leaves in Montenegro. Results will have practical
importance in eradication of diseases of whitebeam (Sorbus aria) and probably other
species in this genus in this part of their areal.
Foliar diseases of broad-leaved trees have significant importance due to
establishment of forest plantations in the world for productive purposes and their
negative impact also includes limitations of trees cultivation, decreasing of ornamental
value and reduction of yield (Kowalski 2013). This type of disease is caused specific
group of organisms including mostly necrothrophs and rarely biotrophs (Kowalski
2013). In this research, both types of parasites were present on whitebeam (Sorbus
aria) leaves.
Fungus Ochrospora ariae is primarly associated with mountain ash (Sorbus
aucuparia L.) especially in northern part of its areal (Gjaerum 1974) and it reduces
flower production and rhizome length (García-Guzmán and Wennström 2001). Due to
presence of mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in investigated locality it is expected
that fungus could infect it if adequate protective measures were not applied.
Observation from previous monitoring in this area is that Ochrospora ariae was not
present on mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and species Gymnosorangium
cornutum Arthur ex F. Kern was present instead. Due to presence of both fungi on
Reforesta Scientific Society 17
REFORESTA (2021) 12: 13-19 Vemić
5 Conclusion
Based on obtained results main conclusion were:
- Fungi Ochrospora ariae and Septoria ariae were recorded on whitebeam
(Sorbus aria) for the first time in Montenegro.
- Symptoms of brown spots were similar between fungi Ochrospora ariae and
Septoria ariae. Small differences were in development of leaf spots whereby spots
caused by Ochrospora ariae were at first reddish and slowly became brown in color.
Spots caused by Septoria ariae were more constantly brown. Occurrence of fruit
bodies was the most accurate indicator for determination. Ochrospora ariae formed
uredinia while Septoria ariae produced pycnidi.
- Fungi occurred on the same trees and within the same tree sometimes on
the same leaves. Premature shedding of leaves was not recorded in year on
monitoring although it is possible to occur in following years.
- Results will contribute to better knowledge of fungal diseases of whitebeam
(Sorbus aria) in this part of its areal and better protection strategies. Collection and
burning of fallen leaves in autumn is recommended in order to control diseases.
6 References
Agrios G (2005) Plant Pathology, Academic Press.
Braun U (2019) Taxonomy and nomenclature of Sphaeria aucupariae (Mycosphaerella aucupariae,
Venturia aucupariae) – a story of confusion and misinterpretation. Schlechtendalia 36: 61-69.
Cummins GB, Hiratsuka Y (2003) Illustrated Genera of Rust Fungi, APS Press, Minnesota.