Repair & Retrofitting
Repair & Retrofitting
Repair & Retrofitting
TO
Conservation,
Preservation &
Restoration of
structures
- UNESCO World
Heritage
What is
Conservation?
Architectural conservation describes
the process through which material,
historical and design integrity of any
built heritage are prolonged through
carefully planned interventions.
• History serves as a
laboratory and the past
serves as the
demarcation.
Historical
& Cultural • Historic buildings are
unprotected.
continuity
• Values associated.
• Knowledge of traditional
building skills.
Approach of
Architectural
Conservation
Conservation
Preservation
Restoration
Reconstruction
Revitalization
Rehabilitation
Renovation
Maintenance
Adaption
CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES
THE PROCESS
Common
defects in
buildings
• Walls
• Flat roofs
• Floors
• Finishes
• Components
• Materials
WALLS
1. Cracking
• Assessing cracking
• To be monitored over a
period of time.
2. Bowing / Leaning /
Bulging
• Caused by failure of
structural tie or restraint.
• Overloading.
• Chemical (sulphate) attack
within masonry joints.
• Need to consider the
specific causes;
- The thickness,
- Method of structural tying
- The extent that wall is
bulging.
- The extent, size & location
of cracking.
- The number, size & position
of openings in the wall
3. Joint failure
4. Staining / Soiling
• Caused by;
6. Spalling / Crumbling
• Arises due to subsequent
frost attack.
• Also, cause by chemical
reaction (moisture driven)
within the brick & resulting in
expansion & spalling.
• It becomes a serious
structural issue when a large
proportion of the brickwork
has eroded most of the way
through its thickness.
ROOFS
1. Rainwater penetration
• Causes due to low slope.
• Failure of flashing.
2. Ponding
4. Interstitial condensation
2. Sagging
• Occurs due to in solid ground bearing floors where
the underlying ground compacts or is eroded by
ground water resulting in reduced support to the
overlying floor.
• Suspended timber roof – sagging can occur due
to overloading of the floor.
3. Arching / bowing
• In solid ground bearing floors – following water or
chemical induced expansion of the underlying
ground.
• The remedy is to remove the ground bearing
floors.
4. Uneven/sloping surface
• Occurs in both solid ground bearing and
suspended floors.
• Requires ground stabilisation.
Repair methodology:
• Evaluation
• Relating observation to causes
• Selecting methods & materials
• Preparation of drawings &
specifications
• Selection of a contractor
• Execution of the work
• Quality control
CRACK REPAIR RECHNIQUES
• Drill into the cracks
• Flush out cracks by injecting
water / other solvents.
• Dry the surface
• Epoxy injection into the
holes.
• Curing of epoxy.
• Remove surface seal by
1. Sealing with epoxies grinding.
7. Overlays 8. Grouting
RESTORATION
• Replacement of missing or
decayed parts must integrate
harmoniously with the whole, but
must be distinguishable on close
inspection from the original so that
the restoration does not falsify
archaeological or historical
evidence.
• If taken too far, it can make an
historic site look like a film set and
devalue the message of the site.
• The objective of restoration is to
revive the original concept or
legibility of the object. Restoration
and re-integration of details and
features occurs frequently and is
based upon respect for original
material, archaeological evidence,
original design and authentic
documents.
REHABILITATION
Rehabilitation: To bring back the
position & condition of structure
by considering the strength
aspect.
Rehabilitation methodology:
• To fill the wide cracks using
some suitable material.
• Injecting with epoxy like
material into cracks in walls,
columns, beams, etc.
• Removal of damaged portion
of masonry & reconstructing it
using rich mortar mix.
• Addition of reinforcing mesh
on both sides of the wall.
THANK YOU