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    Temple of Zeus: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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    The Temple of Zeus at Olympia was a massive temple dedicated to Zeus, chief of the Greek gods. Built between 470-456 BCE, it was considered the pinnacle of classical Greek Doric architecture. The interior housed a towering statue of Zeus and the exterior was decorated with intricate sculptures depicting myths. Though later destroyed, the temple was one of the grandest structures in ancient Greece and a symbol of Hellenic worship.

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    Temple of Zeus: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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    The Temple of Zeus at Olympia was a massive temple dedicated to Zeus, chief of the Greek gods. Built between 470-456 BCE, it was considered the pinnacle of classical Greek Doric architecture. The interior housed a towering statue of Zeus and the exterior was decorated with intricate sculptures depicting myths. Though later destroyed, the temple was one of the grandest structures in ancient Greece and a symbol of Hellenic worship.

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    The Temple of Zeus at Olympia was a massive temple dedicated to Zeus, chief of the Greek gods. Built between 470-456 BCE, it was considered the pinnacle of classical Greek Doric architecture. The interior housed a towering statue of Zeus and the exterior was decorated with intricate sculptures depicting myths. Though later destroyed, the temple was one of the grandest structures in ancient Greece and a symbol of Hellenic worship.

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    48 views5 pages

    Temple of Zeus: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

    Uploaded by

    anon-910981
    The Temple of Zeus at Olympia was a massive temple dedicated to Zeus, chief of the Greek gods. Built between 470-456 BCE, it was considered the pinnacle of classical Greek Doric architecture. The interior housed a towering statue of Zeus and the exterior was decorated with intricate sculptures depicting myths. Though later destroyed, the temple was one of the grandest structures in ancient Greece and a symbol of Hellenic worship.

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    Temple of Zeus

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    A 1908 illustration of the temple as it might have looked in the 5th century BCE

    The Temple of Zeus at Olympia is an ancient Greek pagan temple, dedicated to the
    chief of the gods, Zeus. Built in 470-456 BCE, it was the very model of the fully-
    developed classical Greek temple of the Doric order.[1] The temple stood in the most
    famous sanctuary of Greece, which had been dedicated to local and Pan-Hellenic deities
    and had probably been established towards the end of the Mycenaean period. The Altis,
    the enclosure with its sacred grove, open-air altars and the tumulus of Pelops, was first
    formed during the tenth and ninth centuries BCE,[2] when the cult of Zeus joined the
    established cult of Hera.[3]

    It housed the cult statue of Zeus which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient
    World. The Chryselephantine statue was approximately 13m high and was made by the
    sculptor Phidias in his workshop at Olympia.

    The temple was constructed by the architect Libon, with carved metopes and triglyph
    friezes, topped by pediments filled with sculptures in the Severe Style, now attributed to
    the Olympia Master and his studio.

    The main structure of the building was of a local limestone that was unattractive and of
    poor quality, and so it was coated with a thin layer of stucco to give the appearance of
    marble. All the sculptural decoration on the temple was made of Parian marble, and the
    roof tiles were of the same Pentelic marble used to build the Parthenon at Athens.
    Heracles vanquishes the old order: metope with Heracles and the Cretan Bull (Musée du
    Louvre

    The unifying theme of the iconography of the temple is the dike or custom-based justice
    as represented by Zeus, its upholder.[4]

    The east pediment,[5] erroneously attributed to Paeonius by Pausanias, who gave a


    detailed account of its sculptures in the late second century CE, depicted the myth of the
    chariot race between Pelops and Oenomaus,[6] with Zeus standing in the centre, flanked
    by standing pairs of heroes and heroines, and the two chariot groups, with recumbent
    figures in the corners. Hippodameia and her maid stand to Zeus' left (north), and Pelops
    to Zeus' right. A great part of all fifteen figures has been recovered, in carefully
    documented excavations; scholars still discuss the placement and interrelationships of six
    seated or kneeling figures in the composition, and their specific identifications.

    The west pediment depicted the Centauromachy, the fight at the wedding of Peirithoos
    between the Lapiths and the centaurs, who had violated xenia, the sacred rules of
    hospitality that support the social norms. Apollo[7] stood in the centre, flanked by
    Peirithoos and Theseus.[8] The Lapiths have been taken to represent the civilised
    Olympian order of the Greeks themselves, while the Centaurs represent primitive nature
    of chthonic beings; the frieze also reminded fifth-century Greeks of their victory over the
    Persians, "outsider" threateners of the Hellenic order..

    Ruins of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece

    The pronaos and opisthodomos, the entrance portico and the balancing false portico at the
    rear, were constructed in antis, with six metopes at either end, carved with the 12 labours
    of Heracles, in which Heracles successfully defeats a series of creatures and monsters that
    threaten righteous order.[9]

    The Roman general Mummius dedicated twenty-one gilded shields after he sacked
    Corinth in 146 BCE; they were hung upon the columns. In 426 CE, Theodosius II
    ordered the destruction of the sanctuary, and earthquakes in 522 and 551 devastated the
    ruins and left the Temple of Zeus partially buried. [10]

    The site of the ancient sanctuary, long forgotten under landslips and flood siltation, was
    identified in 1766. In 1829 a French team partially excavated the Temple of Zeus, taking
    several fragments of the pediments to the Musée du Louvre. Systematic excavation began
    in 1875, under the direction the German Archaeological Institute, and has continued, with
    some interruptions, to the present time.

    [edit] Notes
    1. ^ Temple of Zeus at Archaeopaedia, Stanford University
    2. ^ (Hellenic Ministry of Culture: The sanctuary site at Olympia, including the Temple of
    Zeus
    3. ^ Preceding the Temple of Zeus in the temenos at Olympia were the archaic structures:
    "the temple of Hera, the Prytaneion, the Bouleuterion, the treasuries and the first
    stadium."
    4. ^ Jeffrey M. Hurwit, "Narrative Resonance in the East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus at
    Olympia' The Art Bulletin 69.1 (March 1987:6-15).
    5. ^ Marie-Louise Säflund, The East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia: A
    Reconstruction and Interpretation of Its Composition, Studies in Mediterranean
    Archaeology, 27 (Götheborg) 1970, summarised fifty-eight previous reconstructions; her
    reconstruction has been widely but not universally accepted.
    6. ^ Oenomaus' violation of dike was symbolised by the thirteen heads of unsuccessful
    suitors, hung on columns in his palace. After the successful race, Zeus with a thunderbolt
    destroyed the palace. One wooden column left standing was shown to Pausanias with this
    commentary.
    7. ^ A.F. Stewart and N.D Tersini, "The gesture of Apollo in the west pediment of the
    Temple of Zeus at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 86 (1982:287f).
    8. ^ Pediments of the temple of Zeus, 470 - 456 BCE at www.sikyon.com
    9. ^ Hurwit 1987:6.
    10. ^ Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

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    Coordinates: 37°38′16″N, 21°37′48″E Zeus is the best god
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