YE3CIF - CQ Amateur Radio March 2020

How Do YOU Work DX? p.
86
KWWSZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP

C
COMMUNICATIONS & TECHNOLOGY
MARCH 2020
%H$FWLYHi705
<RXU1HZ3DUWQHUIRU)LHOG2SHUDWLRQV
+)0+]66%&:577<$0)0'9!:75$16&(,9(5
New i705 &RPLQJ6RRQ

:::,&20$0(5,&$&20 )RUWKHORYHRIKDPUDGLR
,FRP$PHULFD,QF7KH,FRPORJRLVDUHJLVWHUHGWUDGHPDUNRI,FRP,QF$OORWKHUWUDGHPDUNUHPDLQWKHSURSHUW\RIWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHRZQHUV
$OOVSHFLILFDWLRQVDUHVXEMHFWWRFKDQJHZLWKRXWQRWLFHRUREOLJDWLRQ
$VRI-DQWKLVGHYLFHKDVQRWEHHQDSSURYHGE\WKH)HGHUDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQV&RPPLVVLRQ7KLVGHYLFHPD\QRWEHVROGRUOHDVHGRUEHRIIHUHGIRUVDOHRU
OHDVHXQWLODSSURYDORIWKH)&&KDVEHHQREWDLQHG
INTRODUCING THE
OptimizIR EVO
The next generation of SteppIR controllers,
and the latest in the OptimizIR line!
A USER INTERFACE
DESIGNED FOR RESULTS.
Control your SteppIR antenna
from your PC, Mac, iPhone,
or Android device
SEAMLESS REMOTE OPERATION

Access the OptimizIR EVO
and all your SteppIR antenna’s
features from anywhere –
just add internet
MULTIPLE ANTENNAS?
NO PROBLEM.
Easily name, save, and
load different antenna
configurations to make
switching between setups
a breeze
BUILT TO SHARE.
Export your configurations
with the click of a button.
Connect with other
SteppIR users and get
next-level results
Pre-Production model, final product subject to change
F O R P R O D U C T D E TA I L S A N D O R D E R I N G :
w w w. s t e p p i r. c o m
425-453-1910
ANNOUNCEMENTS EDITORIAL STAFF
5LFKDUG60RVHVRQ:98(GLWRU
-DVRQ)HOGPDQ.',:00DQDJLQJ(GLWRU
0$5&+ 6XVDQ0RVHVRQ(GLWRULDO&RQVXOWDQW
(/<5,$2+,2²7KH1RUWKHUQ2KLR$PDWHXU5DGLR6RFLHW\ ZLOOKROGWKH12$56:LQWHU+DPIHVW IURPDPWRQRRQ CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

6XQGD\0DUFKDWWKH/RUDLQ&RXQW\&RPPXQLW\&ROOHJH-RKQ$6SLW]HU&RQIHUHQFH&HQWHU1$EEH5RDG&RQWDFW .HQW%ULWDLQ:$9-%$QWHQQDV
&DUO5LPPHU:.5)EHIRUHSP(PDLOZLQWHUKDPIHVW#QRDUVQHW!:HEVLWHZZZQRDUVQHWZLQWHU (GGLH'H<RXQJ.6$$ $ZDUGV
KDPIHVW!7DONLQ3/ *HUU\/'H[WHU 7KH/LVWHQLQJ3RVW
/,1&2/1 1(%5$6.$ ² 7KH 6RXWKHDVW 1HEUDVND $PDWHXU 5DGLR &OXE ZLOO DLU VSHFLDO HYHQW VWDWLRQ 11 IURP WKH -RH(LVHQEHUJ.Ø1(%.LW%XLOGLQJ
1HEUDVND6WDWH&DSLWRO%XLOGLQJIURP87&6XQGD\0DUFKLQKRQRURI1HEUDVND6WDWHKRRG'D\)UHTXHQFLHV
LQFOXGHDQG0+]XVLQJ66%46/WR&KDUOHV%HQQHWW6(1HEUDVND$5&32%R[/LQFROQ1(
7RQ\(PDQXHOH.=59+)
(PDLONGSWN#JPDLOFRP! 7RPDV+RRG1:86 3URSDJDWLRQ
&$9(&,7<.(178&.<²7KH0DPPRWK&DYH$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGWKHWK $QQXDO&DYH&LW\+DPIHVW EHJLQ -RKQ/DQJULGJH.%1-'0)/)2SHUDWLQJ
QLQJDP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH&DYH&LW\&RQYHQWLRQ&HQWHU0DPPRWK&DYH6WUHHW&RQWDFW/DUU\%UXPHWW $QWKRQ\/XVFUH.=70LFURFRQWUROOHUV
.1,9(PDLOOEUXPHWW#JODVJRZN\FRP!7DONLQ3/9(H[DPV ,UZLQ0DWK:$1'0 0DWK¶V1RWHV
,59,1*7(;$6²7KH,UYLQJ$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGLWV+DPIHVW IURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH -RH0RHOO.Ø29 +RPLQJ,Q
%HWFKD%LQJR+DOO,UYLQJ%RXOHYDUG&RQWDFW.HQ+DQVHQ19,3NHQ#QYLSRUJ!:HEVLWHKWWSLUYLQJDUFRUJ!7DON (ULF1LFKROV./$-$QDORJ$GYHQWXUHV
LQ3/9(H[DPV
38<$//83 :$6+,1*721 ² 7KH 0LNH .H\ $PDWHXU 5DGLR &OXE ZLOO KROG WKH WK $QQXDO 0LNH DQG .H\ $5&
5RQ2FKX.2Ø= /HDUQLQJ&XUYH
(OHFWURQLFV6KRZ 6ZDS0HHW EHJLQQLQJDP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH3DYLOLRQ([KLELWLRQ+DOO3X\DOOXS)DLU (YHQWV -HII5HLQKDUGW$$-50RELOH5DGLR0DJLF
&HQWHUWK $YHQXH6:3KRQH(PDLOGGPGLQN#JPDLOFRP!RUQZD#DUUOQHW!7DONLQ3/ 6FRWW5RXJKW.$60$453
9(H[DPV 'RQ5RWROR1,5='LJLWDO
526(1%(5*7(;$6²7KH*UHDWHU+RXVWRQ+DPIHVW ZLOOEHKHOGIURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH)RUW 5REGH6DQWRV.5.' &RPPXQLFDWLRQV+RUL]RQV
%HQG&RXQW\)DLUJURXQGV7H[DV3KRQHRU:HEVLWHKWWSKRXV :DOW3DOPHU:$/7(PHUJHQF\&RPPXQLFDWLRQV
WRQKDPIHVWRUJ!7DONLQ3/9(H[DPVIR[KXQWEDOORRQODXQFK %RE6FKHQFN122';
52&.)$//6,//,12,6²7KH6WHUOLQJ5RFN)DOOV$PDWHXU5DGLR6RFLHW\ ZLOOKROGLWVWK $QQXDO+DPIHVW EHJLQQLQJ
DP6XQGD\0DUFKDW:WK 6WUHHW&RQWDFW-RH%DOGZLQ(PDLOZPHS#KRWPDLOFRP!:HEVLWH
'DYLG6LGGDOO.=-&RQWHVWLQJ
ZZZZPHSFRP!7DONLQ3/ -DVRQ7RJ\HU.%&10 6SXULRXV6LJQDOV
%5$=,/,1',$1$²7KH:DEDVK9DOOH\$PDWHXU5DGLR$VVRFLDWLRQ ZLOOKROGLWV+DPIHVW&RPSXWHU([SR IURP *RUGRQ:HVW:%12$6KRUW&LUFXLWV
DPWRQRRQ6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH&OD\&RXQW\+)DLUJURXQGV1RUWK6WDWH5RDG(PDLOKDPIHVW#ZXXXRUJ! :D\QH<RVKLGD.+:=7KH+DP1RWHERRN
:HEVLWHKWWSZXXXRUJ!7DONLQ3/';&&98&&:$6FDUGFKHFNLQJ
&+$5/277(1257+&$52/,1$²7KH0HFNOHQEXUJ$PDWHXU5DGLR6RFLHW\ ZLOOKROGWKH&KDUORWWH+DPIHVW AWARD MANAGEMENT
IURPSP)ULGD\0DUFKDQGIURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH&DEDUUXV$UHQD (YHQWV&HQWHU -RKQ%HUJPDQ.&/. :$=$ZDUG
2OG$LUSRUW5RDG3KRQH:HEVLWHKWWSFKDUORWWHKDPIHVWRUJ!7DONLQRU3/9(
H[DPVFDUGFKHFNLQJ
%ULDQ%LUG1;; 86$&$&XVWRGLDQ
&+$5/(6721:(679,5*,1,$²7KHWK $QQXDO&KDUOHVWRQ$UHD+DPIHVW DQG$55/:96HFWLRQ&RQYHQWLRQ 6WHYH%ROLD1%-4:3;$ZDUG
ZLOOEHKHOGIURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH&KDUOHVWRQ&ROLVHXP &RQYHQWLRQ&HQWHU&LYLF&HQWHU'ULYH .HLWK*LOEHUWVRQ..* &4';$ZDUG
&RQWDFW 5XVV 'HDQ .('0% (PDLO NHGPE#JPDLOFRP! :HEVLWH KWWSFKDVZYKDPIHVWFRP! 9(
H[DPV';&&&4';:$698&&FDUGFKHFNLQJ CONTEST MANAGEMENT
/,1&2/11(%5$6.$²7KH/LQFROQ$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGWKH/LQFROQ+DPIHVW DQG$55/1HEUDVND $QG\%ODQN117&40HWHU&RQWHVW
6WDWH&RQYHQWLRQ IURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH/DQFDVWHU(YHQW&HQWHU1WK 6WUHHW:HEVLWH -RKQ'RUU.$5&4::';&RQWHVW
ZZZOLQFROQKDPIHVWRUJ!7DONLQ9(H[DPV
1(:32575,&+(<)/25,'$²7KH*XOI&RDVW$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGWKH*&$5&6SULQJ+DPIHVW IURPDP
-..DOHQRZVN\.-. &49+)&RQWHVW
WRQRRQ6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH0LOOHQQLXP$FDGHP\5LGJH5RDG&RQWDFW%DUU\.HYDQH\1193 (G0XQV:Ø<.&4 577<&RQWHVWV
(PDLONHDYEY#PVQFRP!:HEVLWHKWWSJXOIFRDVWDUFRUJ! -RKQ6ZHHQH\.(/&4 ';0DUDWKRQ
78//$+20$7(11(66((²7KH0LGGOH7HQQHVVHH$PDWHXU5DGLR6RFLHW\ ZLOOKROGWKH07$567XOODKRPD+DPIHVW 7HUU\=LYQH\17=&4:::3;&RQWHVW
IURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH)LUVW8QLWHG0HWKRGLVW&KXUFK:HVW/DXGHUGDOH6WUHHW&RQWDFW0LFKDHO
*OHQQRQ.%-+8(PDLONEMKX#DUUOQHW!:HEVLWHZZZPWDUVKDPRUJ!7DONLQ3/ BUSINESS STAFF
9(H[DPV 5LFKDUG$5RVV.0*$3XEOLVKHU
3(55<6%85* 2+,2 ² 7KH 7ROHGR 0RELOH 5DGLR $VVRFLDWLRQ ZLOO KROG WKH 7055$ +DPIHVW IURP DP WR SP 'RURWK\.HKZLHGHU$VVRFLDWH3XEOLVKHU
6XQGD\0DUFKDW2ZHQV&RPPXQLW\&ROOHJH6WXGHQW+HDOWKDQG$FWLYLW\&HQWHU2UHJRQ5RDG:HEVLWHZZZ
WPUDKDPUDGLRRUJ!7DONLQ
$GYHUWLVLQJ
67$7(2)0$,1(²7KH0DLQH%LFHQWHQQLDO6SHFLDO(YHQW*URXS ZLOODLUVSHFLDOHYHQWVWDWLRQV.%.-.3:& 5LFKDUG60RVHVRQ:98$VVRFLDWH3XEOLVKHU
:+:.:/:2:3:6::DQG:< IURP87&7XHVGD\0DUFKWKURXJK87&6XQGD\0DUFK (GLWRULDO
WRKRQRU0DLQH¶V%LFHQWHQQLDO$FWLYLW\ZLOOEHRQWKHDQGPHWHUEDQGVXVLQJRQO\66%DQG&:&HUWLILFDWHVZLOO (PLO\/HDU\6DOHV&RRUGLQDWRU
EHDZDUGHGWRKDPVZKRFRQWDFWVSHFLDOHYHQWVWDWLRQVZLWKHQGRUVHPHQWVIRUEDQGVDQGPRGHV&RQWDFW0DLQH6SHFLDO 'RULV:DWWV$FFRXQWLQJ'HSDUWPHQW
(YHQW 32 %R[ 6FDUERURXJK 0( (PDLO PDLQHKDPUDGLR#JPDLOFRP! :HEVLWH KWWSVPDLQHVSH
FLDOHYHQWFRP! CIRCULATION STAFF
)257:$/721%($&+)/25,'$²7KH3OD\JURXQG$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGWKH3$5&)RUW:DOWRQ%HDFK
+DPIHVW IURPSP)ULGD\0DUFKDQGIURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH&+³%XOO´5LJGRQ)DLUJURXQGV &KHU\O'L/RUHQ]R&XVWRPHU6HUYLFH0DQDJHU
DQG5HFUHDWLRQDO&RPSOH[/HZLV7XUQHU%RXOHYDUG(PDLOSDUFIHVW#Z]EERUJ!:HEVLWHZZZZ]EERUJ!7DONLQ
3/9(H[DPV PRODUCTION STAFF
%2219,//(0,66285,²7KH%RRQYLOOH$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGLWV+DPIHVW IURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFK (OL]DEHWK5\DQ $UW'LUHFWRU
DWWKH&RRSHU&RXQW\<RXWK)DLUJURXQGV'XQNOHV'ULYH&RQWDFW'ZLJKW7RPRU 'RURWK\.HKUZLHGHU3URGXFWLRQ'LUHFWRU
%RE(PDLOZDH#DUUOQHW!:HEVLWHKWWSZEUFRUJ!7DONLQ3/ (PLO\/HDU\ 3URGXFWLRQ0DQDJHU
%8))$/20,11(627$²./7& ZLOOKROGWKHWK $QQXDO0LGZLQWHU0DGQHVV+REE$OHFWURQLFV6KRZ IURPDP
+DO.HLWK,OOXVWUDWRU
WR SP 6DWXUGD\ 0DUFK DW WKH %XIIDOR &LYLF &HQWHU &RXQW\ 5RDG 3KRQH :HEVLWH
ZZZNOWFRUJ!7DONLQ3/9(H[DPV$55/FDUGFKHFNLQJ /DUU\0XOYHKLOO:%=3, 6WDII3KRWRJUDSKHU
)2573$<1($/$%$0$²7KH'H.DOE&RXQW\$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGLWVWK $QQXDO+DPIHVW7DLOJDWH2XWLQJ
$SXEOLFDWLRQRI
IURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH9):)DLU*URXQGVWK 6WUHHW1(&RQWDFW&DUOWRQ)OR\G:&7.
(PDLOZFWNN#JPDLOFRP!:HEVLWHKWWSZJEURUJ!7DONLQ3/9(H[DPV &4&RPPXQLFDWLRQV,QF
6(9,(59,//(7(11(66((²7KH6HYLHU&RXQW\$PDWHXU5DGLR6RFLHW\ ZLOOKROGWKH6HYLHU&RXQW\+DPIHVW :HVW-RKQ6WUHHW
IURPDPWRSP6DWXUGD\0DUFKDWWKH6HYLHU&RXQW$DLUJURXQGV2OG.QR[YLOOH+LJKZD\&RQWDFW5LFN6DZD\D
1-74)D[(PDLOKDPIHVW#SURWRPDLOFRP!:HEVLWHKWWSVHYLHUFRXQW\DUVRUJ! +LFNVYLOOH1<86$
7DONLQ3/9(H[DPV
81,21&,7<7(11(66((²7KH5HHOIRRW$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGWKH,GHVRI0DUFK+DPIHVW IURPDPWR &4 $PDWHXU 5DGLR ,661 ; 9ROXPH 1R
SP 6DWXUGD\ 0DUFK DW WKH 7HQQHVVHH 1DWLRQDO *XDUG $UPRU\ ( 5HHOIRRW $YHQXH &RQWDFW %RE 0LOHV 3XEOLVKHGPRQWKO\E\&4 &RPPXQLFDWLRQV,QF:HVW-RKQ
JUHHQDFUHV#FKDUWHUQHW!:HEVLWHZZZUHHOIRRWDUFFRP!7DONLQ3/9(H[DPV 6WUHHW+LFNVYLOOH1<7HOHSKRQH(PDLO
$11$1'$/( 9,5*,1,$ ² 7KH 9LHQQD :LUHOHVV 6RFLHW\ ZLOO KROG :LQWHUIHVW DQG WKH $55/ 9LUJLQLD 6HFWLRQ FT#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP )D[ :HE VLWH
&RQYHQWLRQ IURPDPWRSP6XQGD\0DUFKDWWKH1RUWKHUQ9LUJLQLD&RPPXQLW\&ROOHJH$QQDQGDOH&DPSXV ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 3HULRGLFDOV 3RVWDJH 3DLG DW
/LWWOH 5LYHU 7XUQSLNH &RQWDFW 0LNH :$$+= (PDLO WDEOHVDOHV#YLHQQDZLUHOHVVQHW! :HEVLWH +LFNVYLOOH 1< DQG DW DGGLWLRQDO PDLOLQJ RIILFHV
ZZZYLHQQDZLUHOHVVQHW!7DONLQ9(H[DPV:$6';&&98&&FDUGFKHFNLQJ 6XEVFULSWLRQ SULFHV DOO LQ 86 GROODUV 'RPHVWLFRQH \HDU
WZR \HDUV WKUHH \HDUV &DQDGD
$35,/ 0H[LFRRQH \HDU WZR \HDUV WKUHH \HDUV
)RUHLJQ$LU3RVWRQH\HDUWZR\HDUV
)25760,7+$5.$16$6²7KH)RUW6PLWK$UHD$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGWKH+DQJLQJ-XGJH+DPIHVW IURPDP WKUHH \HDUV 6LQJOH FRS\ 86 *RYHUQPHQW
WRSP6DWXUGD\$SULODWWKH%HQ*HUHQ3DUN6DIH6KHOWHU%XLOGLQJ6RXWK=HUR6WUHHW&RQWDFW-LP:HDYHU.0<9 $JHQFLHV 6XEVFULSWLRQVWR&4 DUHDYDLODEOHWRDJHQFLHVRIWKH
8QLWHG6WDWHVJRYHUQPHQWLQFOXGLQJPLOLWDU\VHUYLFHVRQO\RQD
RU(PDLONQ\YMLP#JPDLOFRP!:HEVLWHZZZKDQJLQJMXGJHKDPIHVWFRP!9(H[DPV
FDVKZLWKRUGHUEDVLV5HTXHVWVIRUTXRWDWLRQVELGVFRQWUDFWV
/21*0217&2/25$'2²7KH/RQJPRQW$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE ZLOOKROGLWVDQQXDO +DPIHVW IURPDPWRSP HWFZLOOEHUHIXVHGDQGZLOOQRWEHUHWXUQHGRUSURFHVVHG(QWLUH
6DWXUGD\$SULODWWKH%RXOGHU&RXQW\)DLUJURXQGV([KLELW%XLOGLQJ1HOVRQ5RDG(PDLOODUFIHVW#ZHQRRUJ!:HEVLWH FRQWHQWV FRS\ULJKWHG E\ &4 &RPPXQLFDWLRQV ,QF &4
KWWSZHQRRUJ!7DONLQ3/9(H[DPV GRHV QRW DVVXPH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRU XQVROLFLWHG PDQXVFULSWV
0,/:$8.((:,6&216,1²7KH0LOZDXNHH5DGLR$PDWHXUV¶&OXE ZLOOKROGWKHWK $QQXDO,QWHUFOXE6ZDS)HVW IURP $OORZVL[ZHHNVIRUFKDQJHRIDGGUHVV
DPWRQRRQ6DWXUGD\$SULODWWKH(ONV/RGJH:*RRG+RSH5RDG:HEVLWHZZZZUKRUJ!
6$,17-(520(48(%(&&$1$'$²7KH&OXE5DGLR$PDWHXU/DYDO/DXUHQWLGHV ZLOOKROGLWV+DPIHVW EHJLQ
QLQJ DP 6DWXUGD\ $SULO DW WKH $FDGHPLH /DIRQWDLQH %RXOHYDUG 0DXULFH 3KRQH :HEVLWH 3ULQWHGLQWKH86$
ZZZFUDOOFD!&DQDGLDQOLFHQVHH[DPV 32670$67(56HQGDGGUHVVFKDQJHVWR
%$57/(777(11(66((²7KH0LG6RXWK$PDWHXU5DGLR$VVRFLDWLRQ ZLOOKROGWKH0HPSKLV)UHH)HVW IURPDPWR &4$PDWHXU5DGLR:-RKQ6WUHHW+LFNVYLOOH1<
SP6DWXUGD\$SULODWWKH%DUWOHWW6WDWLRQ0XQLFLSDO&HQWHU6WDJH5RDG:HEVLWHKWWSVLWHVJRRJOHFRPDPDUDRQ
OLQHRUJ!7DONLQ3/RU3/9(H[DPV
&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

HAM RADIO NEWS
ARRL Board Fires its CEO ZHOONQRZQ';HU$VK&KDDEDQH96).)(<<URXQGLQJRXW
7KH$55/ERDUGRIGLUHFWRUVYRWHGDWLWV-DQXDU\PHHWLQJQRW WKHFUHZ
WR UHQHZ WKH FRQWUDFW RI &(2 +RZDUG 0LFKHO :%,7; 1R 7KHVWDWLRQRSHUDWHGRQWKH42VDWHOOLWHDVZHOODV
RIILFLDO UHDVRQ ZDV SURYLGHG +RZHYHU +XGVRQ 'LYLVLRQ PHWHUVDQGDOOWKH+)EDQGVIRUDWRWDORIFRQWDFWVLQIRXU
'LUHFWRU 5LD -DLUDP 15- VXJJHVWHG LQ DQ HPDLO WR PHP GD\V³:HXUJHDOO';SHGLWLRQHUVWRLQYROYH\RXQJVWHUVLQWKHLU
EHUVWKDWODFNRISURJUHVVLQWKH/HDJXH¶VQHZ³OLIHORQJOHDUQ IXWXUHWULSV´ VDLG&KDDEDQHDQGWR³GRWKHLUEHVWWRPDNHLW
LQJSURMHFW´ ZDVDNH\IDFWRUIURPKHUSHUVSHFWLYHDORQJZLWK HDV\DQGOHDVWFRVWO\IRUWKHP´
D VWDWHPHQW WKDW WKH $55/ GRHVQ¶W ³KLUH D &(2 VLPSO\ IRU
WKHLUµYLVLRQ¶ 5DWKHUWKH&(2LVWKHSHUVRQWKDWPDQDJHVWKH Foundation for Amateur Radio Scholarships
/HDJXHVWDIIDWWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKH%RDUG´ 0LFKHOKDGEHHQ Available
&(2IRUMXVWRYHUD\HDU 6SHDNLQJRI\RXQJKDPV«DSSOLFDWLRQVDUHQRZEHLQJDFFHSW
)RUPHU$55/&KLHI)LQDQFLDO2IILFHU%DUU\6KHOOH\19;< HGE\WKH)RXQGDWLRQIRU$PDWHXU5DGLRIRUWKHPRUHWKDQ
ZDVQDPHGLQWHULP&(2ZKLOHDVHDUFKFRPPLWWHHLQWHUYLHZV VFKRODUVKLSVLWDGPLQLVWHUV,QLWLDODSSOLFDWLRQVDUHGXHE\$SULO
FDQGLGDWHVLQSUHSDUDWLRQIRUVXEPLWWLQJWKUHHFDQGLGDWHVWRWKH WKZLWKDPHQGPHQWVSHUPLWWHGWKURXJK0D\WK$PRXQWV
IXOOERDUGIRUDYRWH6KHOOH\KDGDOVRVHUYHGDVLQWHULP&(2LQ YDU\ ZLGHO\ DV GR UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU LQGLYLGXDO VFKRODUVKLSV
EHIRUH0LFKHOZDVVHOHFWHGIRUWKHSRVLWLRQ DOWKRXJKDJHQHUDOUHTXLUHPHQWLVWRKROGDYDOLGDPDWHXUUDGLR
OLFHQVHDQGEHHQUROOHGLQRUDFFHSWHGWRDQDFFUHGLWHGFRO
Change of Leadership at AMSAT OHJHXQLYHUVLW\RUWHFKQLFDOVFKRRO$FFRUGLQJWRWKH$55/
&OD\WRQ &ROHPDQ :3)* KDV EHHQ HOHFWHG SUHVLGHQW RI DSSOLFDQWVVXEPLWDVLQJOHDSSOLFDWLRQDQGDUHFRQVLGHUHGIRU
$06$7WKH5DGLR$PDWHXU6DWHOOLWH&RUSRUDWLRQIROORZLQJWKH DQ\ DZDUG IRU ZKLFK WKH\ TXDOLI\ 'HWDLOHG LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG
UHVLJQDWLRQRI-RH6SLHU.:$2IRUSHUVRQDOUHDVRQV6SLHU DSSOLFDWLRQ IRUPV DUH DYDLODEOH RQ WKH )$5 ZHEVLWH DW
KDGVHUYHGDVSUHVLGHQWVLQFHODWH&ROHPDQZDVSUHYL KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPWFSPUP!
RXVO\$06$7VHFUHWDU\DQGVHUYHGRQWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQ¶VERDUG
RIGLUHFWRUVIURPWR+HKDVEHHQLQYROYHGLQDPD $55/WR6WURQJO\2SSRVH:LWKGUDZDORI*+]
WHXUVDWHOOLWHDFWLYLWLHVVLQFH %DQG
7KH$55/LVLQWKHSURFHVVRISUHSDULQJD³VWURQJUHVSRQVH´ LQ
Amateur Satellite WiFi Network Proposed RSSRVLWLRQWRDQ)&&SURSRVDOWRUHDOORFDWHWKHFXUUHQWWR
$OVRLQWKHQHZVIURP$06$7LVDSURSRVDOIRUODXQFKLQJDFRQ *+]DPDWHXUEDQGIRU*ZLUHOHVVXVH:KLOHWKHEDQGLV
VWHOODWLRQRIQDQRVDWHOOLWHVWKDWZLOOWDONWRHDFKRWKHUDVZHOODV VKDUHGDQGWKHFXUUHQWDPDWHXUDOORFDWLRQLVVHFRQGDU\KDPV
VWDWLRQVRQWKHJURXQG$FFRUGLQJWRWKH$06$71HZV6HUYLFH DUHPDNLQJYDULHGXVHVRIWKHVSHFWUXPDFFRUGLQJWRWKH$55/
WKH JRDO RI WKH VRFDOOHG DPVDW/LQN SURMHFW ² SURSRVHG E\ /HWWHU7KH)&&KDVDVNHGIRUFRPPHQWVDERXWFXUUHQWDPD
$06$7 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW RI 8VHU 6HUYLFHV 5REHUW %DQNVWRQ WHXUXVHVDQGSRVVLELOLWLHVIRUUHORFDWLRQ7KH$55/UHVSRQVH
.($/² LVWRFUHDWHDQDGKRFZLUHOHVVQHWZRUNXVLQJ LVH[SHFWHGWRLQFOXGHXVHVIRU(0(PRRQERXQFHWHUUHVWULDO
DPDWHXUIUHTXHQFLHVLQWKH*+]EDQGZKLFKZRXOGVXSSRUW ';LQJ VDWHOOLWH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PHVK QHWZRUNV DQG DPDWHXU
GDWDPRGHVDVZHOODVGLJLWDOYRLFH7KHSURJUDPZRXOGXVHRII WHOHYLVLRQDQGWKDWVRPHRIWKHVHDFWLYLWLHVFDQQRWEHPRYHGWR
WKHVKHOI FRPSRQHQWV WR KROG GRZQ FRVWV ,W¶V HVWLPDWHG WKDW RWKHU EDQGV EHFDXVH RI WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO QDWXUH RI IUHTXHQF\
HDFKVDWHOOLWHZRXOGFRVWOHVVWKDQDQGWKDWJURXQGVWD DOORFDWLRQV,QLWLDOFRPPHQWVRQ:7'RFNHWZHUHGXHRQ
WLRQVFRXOGEHVHWXSZLWKDQLQYHVWPHQWRIDERXW )HEUXDU\VWZLWKUHSO\FRPPHQWVGXHE\0DUFKUG
Did Earthquake in Turkey Rile Up the Ionosphere? ITU Publication Spotlights Amateur Radio EmComm
:KHQDPDJQLWXGHHDUWKTXDNHVWUXFNDQDUHDLQHDVWHUQ *RYHUQPHQW DGPLQLVWUDWLRQV DUH EHLQJ HQFRXUDJHG E\ WKH
7XUNH\RQ-DQXDU\WKKDPVIURPWKHFRXQWU\¶VQDWLRQDODPD ,QWHUQDWLRQDO7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ8QLRQ,78WRLQFOXGHDPD
WHXUUDGLRDVVRFLDWLRQSURYLGHGWDFWLFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLQWKH WHXUUDGLRLQWKHLUQDWLRQDOHPHUJHQF\SODQV7KH$55//HWWHU
DIIHFWHGDUHDDQGDFFRUGLQJWRWKH$55//HWWHUKHOSHGWKH UHSRUWVWKDWWKH,78'HYHORSPHQW6HFWRU¶VODWHVW,78*XLGHOLQHV
0LQLVWU\ RI +HDOWK JHW D PRXQWDLQWRS UHSHDWHU LQVWDOOHG DQG IRUQDWLRQDOHPHUJHQF\WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQSODQV KLJKOLJKWVWKH
RSHUDWLRQDO RQJRLQJFRQWULEXWLRQVRIUDGLRDPDWHXUVLQHPHUJHQF\FRPPX
+DOIDZRUOGDZD\PHDQZKLOHWKHHDUWKTXDNHPD\KDYHEHHQ QLFDWLRQV³7KH\DUHH[SHUWVLQUDGLRFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGKDYH
PDNLQJDQLPSDFWRQWKHLRQRVSKHUH1HZVOLQHUHSRUWVWKDWKDPV WKHHTXLSPHQWVNLOOVDQGQHFHVVDU\IUHTXHQFLHV«WRGHSOR\
RSHUDWLQJ WKH 1RUWK $PHULFDQ ³1RRQWLPH 1HW´ RQ PHWHUV QHWZRUNVLQHPHUJHQF\HYHQWVTXLFNO\DQGHIILFLHQWO\´
QRWHG³DQDWWHQXDWLRQRIWKHDPDWHXUEDQGV´ DWQHDUO\WKHH[DFW
WLPHWKDWWKHTXDNHRFFXUUHG,WVD\VUHVHDUFKHUVDUHVWXG\LQJ FCC Commissioner Questions Future of ITU
SRVVLEOHOLQNVEHWZHHQHDUWKTXDNHVDQGSURSDJDWLRQQRWLQJWKDW )&&&RPPLVVLRQHU0LFKDHO2¶5LHOO\KDVSURSRVHGWR&RQJUHVV
VWUHVVHVLQURFNVDORQJDIDXOWOLQHMXVWEHIRUHDTXDNHFDXVHWKH WKDW WKH 86 FRQVLGHU GHYHORSLQJ DQ DOWHUQDWLYH WR WKH
UHOHDVHRISRVLWLYHLRQVLQWRWKHDWPRVSKHUH7KRVHLRQVWKHQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ8QLRQRU,78IRUIXWXUHPDW
ULVHLQWRWKHXSSHUDWPRVSKHUHVD\VWKHUHSRUWSRVVLEO\FDXV WHUV RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO VSHFWUXP PDQDJHPHQW 2¶5LHOO\ WROG WKH
LQJDQRPDOLHVLQWKHLRQRVSKHUH 86 6HQDWH &RPPLWWHH RQ &RPPHUFH 6FLHQFH DQG
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ WKDW WKH ,78 DQG LWV TXDGUHQQLDO :RUOG
7X7X DXpedition Highlights Young Operators 5DGLRFRPPXQLFDWLRQ&RQIHUHQFHVRU:5&VPD\DFWXDOO\EH
,I\RXZRUNHGWKH;;';SHGLWLRQLQ$OJHULDDWWKHEHJLQQLQJ VWLIOLQJSURJUHVVLQSURPRWLQJDGYDQFHGWHFKQRORJ\+HQRWHG
RIWKLV\HDU\RXZHUHKHOSLQJPRWLYDWH\RXQJKDPVDVZHOODV WKDWLQWKH,78DVDQDJHQF\RIWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVHDFKFRXQ
ZRUNLQJDQHZFRXQWU\$FFRUGLQJWRWKH$55//HWWHUWKH WU\KDVMXVWRQHYRWHDQGWKDWDWWKHODVW:5&LWVHHPHGWKDW
SHUVRQ';SHGLWLRQWHDPLQFOXGHGIRXUKDPVLQWKHLUVWKUHH FHUWDLQFRXQWULHVFDPHZLWKWKHJRDORIRSSRVLQJZKDWHYHUWKH
RIZKRPKDGSUHYLRXVO\WDNHQSDUWLQ<27$<RXQJVWHUVRQ 86 ZDQWHG +H SURSRVHG FUHDWLQJ D VHSDUDWH ERG\ RI WKH
WKH$LUDFWLYLWLHVLQ(XURSHDQG$IULFD7KHIRXU\RXQJKDPV ZRUOG¶VWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQOHDGHUV² VLPLODUWRWKH*RU*URXS
LQFOXGHGWZRHDFKIURP$OJHULDDQG7XQLVLD)RXURIWKHROGHU RI6HYHQPDMRUHFRQRPLHV² WRHIIHFWLYHO\E\SDVVWKH,78LQ
KDPVZHUHDOVRIURP$OJHULDZLWK7XQLVLDQWHDPFROHDGHUDQG WKHIXWXUH
ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

CONTENTS
MARCH 2020 • VOLUME 76 NUMBER 3
&29(5 5(68/762)7+(
&4::577<';&217(67
%\(G0XQV:<.
3URSDJDWLRQLVPXFKEHWWHUIURPWKHWURSLFV
WKDQIURP6FDQGLQDYLDQRWWRPHQWLRQWKH
ZHDWKHUVRPHPEHUVRIWKH6FDQGLQDYLDQ
$PDWHXU5DGLR7HOHSULQWHU*URXSRSHUDWHG
ODVWIDOO¶V&4:RUOG:LGH';577<&RQWHVW
IURP($'('LQWKH&DQDU\,VODQGV'HWDLOV
RQSDJHFRQWHVWUHVXOWVEHJLQRQSDJH
&RYHUSKRWRFRXUWHV\2+%3

FEATURES
5()85%,6+(''21$7('$1'
)2&86 210RUVHFRGHKDVEHHQDURXQGIRURYHU\HDUVEXWLVVWLOOZLGHO\XVHGWRGD\
.(25 KDVDQRYHOPHWKRGRIOHDUQLQJWKHFRGHRQSDJH:KLOH:'11VD\VOHDUQ
02',),('3877,1*$//7+(
LQJWKHFRGHPD\KHOSVWDYHRIIGHPHQWLDRQSDJH0HDQZKLOHUHDGDOODERXWWKH
3,(&(672*(7+(5$7:80
&4:: 577< ';&RQWHVWRQSDJHDQGVHHWKHIXOOVFRUHVRQSDJH
%\-RKQ3DOPLVDQR.%2,65REHUW
*LXOLDQR.%5&25REHUW/DXQGUD
15*)DQG0LFKDHO)OXHJHPDQQ
.($4:
COLUMNS DEPARTMENTS
/2-$&.³7´+817 0$7+¶6 127(66RPH1RWHVRQ (0(5*(1&<&20081,&$7,216
:5:¶V0RWKHU+HOHQ:URWH$ERXW 8SJUDGLQJ2OGHU³%RDW$QFKRUV´)URP &4±.UDNDWRD7KH6RXQG+HDUG
9+) 7+XQWLQJ<HDUV$JR1RZLQ 9DFXXP7XEHVWR7UDQVLVWRUV µ5RXQGWKH:RUOG¶
:5: 7HOOVRI+XQWLQJ/R-DFN %\,UZLQ0DWK:$1'0 %\:DOW3DOPHU:$/7
6LJQDOV 7+( /,67(1,1* 32676WDWLRQV 9+) 3/86*+]7KUHDW8SGDWH
%\3DXO6LJQRUHOOL:5: 5HDFWLYDWHG$FURVVWKH*OREH +DP6&, :RUNVKRSWR)RFXVRQ
+2:&:&$13527(&7<28 %\*HUU\'H[WHU $XURUDV
)520'(0(17,$ .,7%8,/',1*'RQ¶WEH/DWH)RU %\7RQ\(PDQXHOH.=5
1HZ5HVHDUFK0D\3URYH7KDW )7 $:$5'6:DOOSDSHU
/HDUQLQJ0RUVH&RGH0D\%H*RRG %\-RH(LVHQEHUJ.Ø1(% %\(GGLH'H<RXQJ.6$$
)RU<RXU+HDOWK
',*,7$/ &211(&7,213DFNHW ';+RZ'R<28:RUN';"
%\'HQQLV/D]DU:'11
1HZV'DWD5DGLRVDQG6RQH %\%RE6FKHQFN122
/($51,1*0256(&2'(7+( 3UDFWLFDO'HWDLOV &217(67,1*$55/ '; 3KRQH
2/')$6+,21(':$< %\'RQ5RWROR1,5= &RQWHVW/HDGV2IID%XV\&RQWHVWLQJ
.(25 +DV$Q$OWHUQDWLYH0HWKRG
0,&52&21752//(567ZR1HZ 0RQWK
)RU/HDUQLQJ0RUVH&RGH
3URMHFWVWKDW8WLOL]H&RQWUROOHUV %\'DYLG6LGGDOO.=-
%\*HRUJH$YHULOO.(25
%\$QWKRQ\/XVFUH.=7 3523$*$7,21,RQRVSKHULF5DGLR
&4 &/$66,&4XLHW)DPLO\&LUFOH
7+( +$0 127(%22.$³6ZDS 6LJQDO3URSDJDWLRQ
%\6\OYLD0DUJROLV6HSW
0HHW*R%DJ´DQG2WKHU7KLQJV %\7RPDV+RRG1:86
&4 &/$66,&7UDQVPLWWHU+XQWVRQ 5HODWHG
9+) %\:D\QH<RVKLGD.+:= 2 $11281&(0(176
%\+HOHQ6LJQRUHOOL0D\
/($51,1* &859(/LJKWQLQJ 3 +$05$',21(:6
&4 &/$66,&0HPRULHVRI-< 3URWHFWLRQ 8 =(52%,$6
%\/DXULH0DUJROLV*80/$SU %\5RQ2FKX.2Ø= 9 1(:6%<7(6

*25'2¶66+257&,5&8,761RQ 14 6385,286 6,*1$/6
,'($6$1'5(6285&(6)25 5HVRQDQW1R:KHUH$IWHU:LQWHU¶V 22, 88, 110 WHAT’S NEW
*52:,1*<287+,192/9(0(17 5DLQDQG6QRZ 68 ON THE COVER
,1$0$7(855$',2 %\*RUGRQ:HVW:%12$ 84 %(+,1' 7+( %</,1(6
.=7¶V([WHQVLYH5HVRXUFHV)RU
*HWWLQJ<RXWK,QWHUHVWHGLQ+DP5DGLR 102 COMPLETE RTTY DX SCORES
%\$QWKRQ\/XVFUH.=7 112 +$0 6+23
OUR READERS SAY...
75th Anniversary Issue GROODUVZKHQ,6+28/'EHUHDGLQJDQDUWLFOHRQKRZWR
(GLWRU&4 %8,/'WKHYHU\VDPHWKLQJIURPVSDUHSDUWVIRUPD\EH
$FRPPHQWRQ\RXU-DQXDU\LVVXH«:2:7KHDUWLFOHVIURP 6R5LFK,ORRNWR\RXWRNHHSWKHEDUKLJK%HP\QXPEHU
WKHSDVWLVVXHVZHUHDEVROXWHO\IDQWDVWLF7KHUHPLQLVFHQWDUWL RQHVRXUFHIRUDOOWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQDUWLFOHVWKDW
FOHVLQ467 DUHSDOHFRPSDUHGWR\RXUV,HVSHFLDOO\HQMR\HGWKH ,ORYH.((3837+(*5($7:25.DQGWRDOORI\RXDW&4
DUWLFOHRQSURSDJDWLRQGXULQJ,PLVVHGRXWRQWKDWDV DYHU\+DSS\1HZ<HDU
,GLGQ¶WEHFRPHLQWHUHVWHGXQWLOODWHDQGOLFHQVHGLQ ± 5LFK6SRKQ:%*;0
.HHSXSWKHJUHDWMRERQWKHPDJD]LQH,HQMR\HDFKDQGHYHU\ )ORUDO3DUN1<
LVVXH Bad Elmers?
± -LP.RFVLV:$3<+
(GLWRU&4
(GLWRU&4 7RPHLWVHHPVWKDWZHKDYHJRQH(OPHUFUD]\(YHU\ERG\
7KDQNVYHU\PXFKIRUWKH\HDUDQQLYHUVDU\LVVXHRI&4² VKRXOG EH DQ (OPHU , GLVDJUHH 7KHUH DUH ORWV RI UHDOO\ EDG
D PDVWHUIXO ZRUN <RX EURXJKW EDFN D ORW RI PHPRULHV (OPHUVRXWWKHUH6KRXOGZHKDYHDQ(OPHUWHVW"%HIRUH\RX
6HSDUDWHV+HDWKNLWV577<FU\VWDOFRQWUROOHGWUDQVPLWWHUVDOO FDQEHFRPHRQH\RXKDYHWRSDVVDWHVW"7KHIROORZLQJLVZKDW
YDOXDEOHOHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFHV+DYHDJUHDW1HZ<HDU LVZURQJZLWKEHLQJDQ(OPHULQP\RSLQLRQ
± -RKQ2¶1HLOO.9: ,QWKHVSULQJRI,DWWHQGHGDYHU\VPDOOORFDOJHWWRJHWK
HU7KHUH,PHHWDIHOORZKDPIURPWKHDGMDFHQWJULGVTXDUHWR
(GLWRU&4 PLQH:HUHFRJQL]HGHDFKRWKHUDVZHKDGZRUNHGHDFKRWKHU
*UHDWLVVXH7KDQNVIRUWKHPDQ\\HDUVRIVHUYLFHWRWKHKDP PXOWLSOHWLPHV:HWDONHGDERXWKRZKDUGLWZDVWRZRUNRXUJULG
FURZG,PLVV:RUOG5DGLR DQG3RSXODU&RPPXQLFDWLRQV/HW¶V VTXDUHV7KHQWKHWRSLFWXUQHGWRDQWHQQDV$QRWKHUJHQWOHPDQ
NHHS&4 JRLQJ VWRSSHGDQGLQWHQWO\OLVWHQHGWRRXUFRQYHUVDWLRQ,GHVFULEHG
± %RE%URZQ:<)- P\PHWHUVHWXSLQYHUWHG9DWIHHWIHGZLWKRKP79
FDEOH7KHILUVWKDPDVNHGKRZLWGRHV,VDLGLWZRXOGJHW\RX
(GLWRU&4 RQEXWLWZDVQRWDJUHDW';DQWHQQD,WZLOOSDVVIRUDYHU\
,MXVWZDQWHGWRZLVK\RXDQG&4 PDJD]LQHDQRWKHU\HDUV JRRG UHFHLYH DQWHQQD EXW LW¶V QRW KLJK HQRXJK WR EH D JUHDW
WRJHWKHU:KHQ,ORRNHGWKURXJKP\ELQGHURIFHUWLILFDWHV,GLG WUDQVPLWDQWHQQD7KHJHQWOHPDQWKDWKDGZDONHGXSDQGZDV
ILQGWZRIURPWKHWK \HDUFHOHEUDWLRQ&KDOOHQJHUDQG*ROG OLVWHQLQJWRRXUFRQYHUVDWLRQVDLGWKHDQWHQQD\RXDUHGHVFULE
DVZHOODV:3;DQG:$=FHUWLILFDWHVDORQJZLWKVHYHUDO9+) LQJZLOOQRWZRUN³<RXFDQ¶WEHXVLQJWKDWDQWHQQD´,DVNHGKLP
FHUWLILFDWHV$Q\ZD\WR\RXDQG&4 PDJD]LQH ZK\³%HFDXVHP\(OPHUVDLGLWZRXOGQRWZRUN´,DVNHGLIKH
± %LOO+XG]LN:8'7 KDGWULHGRQH³1REHFDXVHP\(OPHUVDLGLWZRXOGQRWZRUN,
DPQRWJRLQJWRZDVWHP\WLPHEHFDXVHLWZLOOQRWZRUN´,UHSOLHG
December’s Technology Special WKDW,KDYHZRUNHGVWDWHVDQGFRXQWULHVRQ)7UXQQLQJ
(GLWRU&4 DKXQGUHGZDWWV+HUHSOLHG\RXFDQ¶WEHXVLQJWKHDQWHQQD\RX
5LFK,ZDQWWRWKDQN\RXIRUWKH'HFHPEHULVVXH\RXKDYH GHVFULEHGEHFDXVHLWZLOOQRWZRUNDQGKHZDONHGRII
UHDOO\³KLWLWRXWRIWKHSDUNÍRUPH,QIDFWWKH'HFHPEHULVVXH ,DGPLUHVRPHRQHIRUKDYLQJWKLVNLQGRIEHOLHILQWKHLUPHQ
RI&4 ULVHVDERYHWKHODWHVWLVVXHRI467/HWPHH[SODLQWKDW WRU%XWZK\DUH\RXVREOLQGWKDW\RXZLOOQRWWU\VRPHWKLQJ\RX
FRPPHQW ZHUHWROGWKDWZRXOGZRUNE\VRPHRQHHOVH"7KLVQDUURZPLQG
,KDYHEHHQDKDPVLQFHDQGD/LIH0HPEHURIWKH$55/ HGQHVVZLOOQRWKHOSDPDWHXUUDGLRLQDQ\ZD\,WLQP\RSLQLRQ
IRUDOPRVWWKDWORQJZKLFKPHDQV,KDYHUHFHLYHGDQGHQMR\HG ZLOORQO\KXUWWKHDPDWHXUUDGLRFRPPXQLW\DVDZKROH
DOPRVW ILYH GHFDGHV RI 467 PDJD]LQH $QG XQIRUWXQDWHO\ , ± 6DQG\:DONHU:%(9+
KDYHQRWLFHGDJUDGXDOEXWGHILQLWHGHFOLQHLQWKHTXDOLW\RIWKDW
SXEOLFDWLRQ(DUO\RQHYHU\LVVXHRI467ZDVDJROGPLQHRI :985HVSRQGV
LQIRUPDWLRQDPLQL+DQGERRNFKRFNIXOORIEXLOGLWDUWLFOHVDQG +L6DQG\
KRZWRV1RZDGD\VQRWVRPXFK +HOSLQJDQGWHDFKLQJHDFKRWKHUKDVEHHQDNH\HOHPHQWRI
,ZLOOLQWHUMHFWKHUHWKDW,KDYHQHYHUEHHQDQGKDYH\HWWREH KDPUDGLRVLQFHLWVHDUOLHVWGD\V$QG,¶OOJXHVVVKDULQJLQFRU
DFRQWHVWHURIDQ\VRUWDQG';ZRXOGEHQLFHEXWQRWWKDWLPSRU UHFWRUSRRUO\UHVHDUFKHGLQIRUPDWLRQKDVEHHQDVZHOO7KDW¶V
WDQW:KDWEDNHVP\FRRNLHVDQGNHHSVPHXSKDSSLO\WLOOWKH ZK\PDJD]LQHVDQGERRNVFRQWLQXHWREHLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVH
PRUQLQJOLJKWLVEXLOGLQJWKLQJVDQGOHDUQLQJDERXWKRZWKLQJV WKHLUFRQWHQWVJHQHUDOO\KDYHEHHQYHWWHGIRUDFFXUDF\,WGRHVQ¶W
ZRUN,UHDG&4 DQG467 IRUWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQDUWLFOHVDQGIRU PDWWHULI\RXFDOOVRPHRQHDPHQWRURUDQ(OPHURUMXVWDQRWK
LQIRUPDWLRQWKDWH[SODLQVWKHYRRGRRDQGSK\VLFVRIUDGLR HUKDPLQWKHFOXEWKHUHZLOODOZD\VEHIRONVZKRUHDOO\NQRZ
-RH(LVHQEHUJ¶VNLWVFROXPQLVDIDYRULWHRIPLQHVHFRQGRQO\ ZKDWWKH\¶UHWDONLQJDERXWDQGWKRVHZKRGRQ¶WEXWVKDUHDQ\
WRWKDWDPD]LQJO\ZRQGHUIXOFROXPQZKRVHDXWKRUDQGWLWOH,GR ZD\,W¶VXSWRWKHSHUVRQRQWKHUHFHLYLQJHQGRIWKHDGYLFHWR
QRWDWWKHPRPHQWUHPHPEHUZKRZURWHRQFHDERXWVXEVWLWXW KDYHDKHDOWK\VNHSWLFLVPLIWKHSHUVRQRIIHULQJLWLVQRWUHFRJ
LQJDOLQHDUSRWIRUDQH[SRQHQWLDORQHZLWKWKHDGGLWLRQRIDIHZ QL]HGE\RWKHUVDVDQDXWKRULW\RQWKHVXEMHFW
H[WHUQDO UHVLVWRUV DQG DQRWKHU WLPH DEXW KRZ WKH 1(
DFKLHYHVLWVPDJLF,ORYHWKHVHFROXPQV,KDYH\HWWRUHDGPRVW Keeping it Simple
RIWKH'HFHPEHULVVXHEXWDOUHDG\DPIDVFLQDWHGE\SKDVHVKLIW 7KHIROORZLQJOHWWHUZDVGLUHFWHGWR³0DWK¶V1RWHV´HGLWRU,UZLQ
RVFLOODWRUVDQGKRZWREXLOGDKRPHPDGHUHPRWHFRQWUROIRUP\ 0DWK:$1'0
<DHVX)7 ,UZLQ
$QG,UZLQ,FRXOGQ¶WDJUHHPRUHZLWK\RXUOHVVWKDQURV\UHIOHF $QRWKHULQWHUHVWLQJDUWLFOH1RYHPEHULVVXH<RXU/('
WLRQVRQWKHVWDWHRIKRPHEUHZWRGD\:KLFKEULQJVPHEDFNWR LOOXPLQDWLRQDUWLFOHZDVTXLWHJRRGEXW,ZRXOGVXJJHVWJHWWLQJ
WKHODWHVWLVVXHRI467,UHDGWKHUHYLHZRIWKH(QJLQHHULQJ¶V WKRVHOLWWOHIXOOZDYHUHFWLILHUEULGJHVIRU\RXU$&YHUVLRQUDWKHU
OLWWOHER[WKDWFRQQHFWVWZRUDGLRVWRWZRVHWVRIKHDGSKRQHV WKDQVXIIHULQJWKH+]IOLFNHUHYHQZLWKDFDS+RZHYHUWKHUH
DQGHQDEOHVYDULRXVFRPELQDWLRQVRIVDPH$QGLWVWUXFNPH DUHWLPHVZKHQVXFKDIOLFNHULVDFWXDOO\KHOSIXOWKHQEHWWHUQRW
WKDWKHUH,ZDVUHDGLQJDUHYLHZRIWKLVSDVVLYHVZLWFKER[WKDW
KDVRQO\VRPHUHVLVWRUVDQGWZRVZLWFKHVLQLWDQGFRVWVDOPRVW &RQWLQXHGRQSDJH

ZERO BIAS: A CQ Editorial
BY RICH MOSESON,* W2VU
HF Band Plans and the ARRL’s “Big IF”
7
KH$55/¶V+)%DQG3ODQQLQJ&RPPLWWHHUHOHDVHGDGUDIWLQ DQRWKHUDOUHDG\OLFHQVHGKDPVWRRSHUDWHSKRQHDQGGDWD
HDUO\)HEUXDU\RILWVSURSRVDOVIRUUHDOLJQLQJERWK)&&DOOR PRGHVVXFKDV)7ZLOORQO\EHJRRGIRUDPDWHXUUDGLR
FDWLRQVRQPHWHUVDQGLQIRUPDOEDQGSODQFKDQJHVRQPRVW 7KHVXFFHVVRI)7IRU';LQJGXULQJWKHVXQVSRWGROGUXPVSURYHV
RWKHU+)EDQGVVHHGHWDLOVRIWKHSODQRQSDJH7KHSURSRVDOLV WKDWGLJLWDOPRGHVDUHQRZSHUPDQHQWIL[WXUHVRQWKH+)KDPEDQGV
UHDOO\LQWHQGHGWRDGGUHVVWKUHHVHSDUDWHLVVXHVDVZHOODVWKUHH 2QFHOLPLWHGWR9+)DQG8+)EHFDXVHRIZLGHEDQGZLGWKVQHZQDU
SHQGLQJUXOHPDNLQJSURSRVDOVWKH/HDJXHKDVILOHGZLWKWKH)&& URZEDQGGLJLWDOPRGHVKDYHPDGHDKXJHLPSDFWRQWKH+)EDQGV
DWOHDVWRQHRIZKLFKLVQHDUO\UHDG\WRVWDUWFROOHFWLQJ6RFLDO6HFXULW\ %XWKDPVDUHVXSSRVHGWREHH[SHULPHQWHUVDQGRQHRIWKHQHJD
7KHFRPPLWWHHSURYLGHGDWZRZHHNFRPPHQWSHULRGZKLFKZLOOEH WLYHVRIVXFKPRGHVDV)7LVWKDWWKH\RQO\SHUPLWSUHSURJUDPPHG
H[SLUHGE\WKHWLPH\RXUHDGWKLVEXWZH¶OOLJQRUHWKHFDOHQGDUDQG LQIRUPDWLRQH[FKDQJHVDQGDUHQ¶WVXLWDEOHIRUUDJFKHZLQJRURWKHU
FRPPHQWDQ\ZD\ DFWLYLWLHVVXFKDVH[FKDQJLQJSKRWRV+DPVDUHVWLOOH[SHULPHQWHUV
:HDUHJHQHUDOO\VXSSRUWLYHRIWZRHOHPHQWVRIWKHEDQGSODQSUR DQGWKHIRFXVRIPXFKH[SHULPHQWDWLRQWRGD\LVRQWKHGLJLWDOPRGHV
SRVDO KDYH TXHVWLRQV DERXW WKH WKLUG DQG KDYH WR ZRQGHU LI WKH 7KHUHLVDQHHGIRUGHVLJQDWHGVSDFHZLWKLQRXU+)EDQGVWRH[SHU
ZKROHWKLQJLVSUHPDWXUHXQOHVVSDUWRILWVLQWHQWLVWRSXVKWKH)&& LPHQWZLWKZLGHUEDQGZLGWKPRGHVWKDWPD\EHFDSDEOHRIWUDQV
WRILQDOO\WDNHDFWLRQRQWKHWKUHHSURSRVDOVRQZKLFKLWLVEDVHG PLWWLQJ PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ RU H[FKDQJLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ PRUH TXLFNO\
7KRVHSURSRVDOVDUH50WKHVRFDOOHGEDXGUDWHSURSRVDO :HGRQ¶WNQRZZKDWZLOOUHVXOWEXWZHQHHGWRSURYLGHVSDFHIRUILQG
RQZKLFKWKH&RPPLVVLRQKDVEHHQVLWWLQJIRUVHYHQ\HDUV50 LQJRXW6LQFHPDQ\GLJLWDOPRGHVDUHQRWFRPSDWLEOHZLWKHDFKRWKHU
ZKLFKSURSRVHVDUHDOLJQPHQWRIWKH&:SKRQHVHJPHQWV VHWWLQJDVLGHVSHFLILFVXEEDQGVIRUWKHPLQDYROXQWDU\EDQGSODQLV
RIPHWHUVWRDOORZPRUHVSDFHIRUGLJLWDOPRGHV² DZDLWLQJ DUHDVRQDEOHDSSURDFK8QIRUWXQDWHO\FUHDWLQJHQRXJKVSDFHIRU
)&&DFWLRQIRUIRXU\HDUVDQGWKHPXFKPRUHUHFHQW50² WKLVZRUNRQPHWHUVZLOOUHTXLUHUHDOORFDWLQJKDOIRIWKHFXUUHQW
ILOHGRQH\HDUDJRWKLVPRQWK² SURSRVLQJDVLJQLILFDQWH[SDQVLRQ N+]ZLGHH[FOXVLYH([WUDSKRQHVXEEDQG:KLOHZHQHYHUOLNH
RI7HFKQLFLDQSULYLOHJHVRQ+) WRVHHDQ\RQHORVHDQ\SULYLOHJHVRQDQ\EDQGN+]RI([WUDRQO\
7KH/HDJXH¶VEDQGSODQSURSRVDOVDUHEDVHGRQWZRVRPHZKDW SKRQHVSDFHLVVWLOOPXFKPRUHWKDQLVFXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOHRQPRVW
VKDN\DVVXPSWLRQVLQWKLVUHJDUGWKDWWKH)&&ZLOODFWXDOO\EHJLQ RWKHU+)EDQGV7KLVVHHPVOLNHDUHDVRQDEOHFRPSURPLVHDQGZH
PRYLQJRQWKHVHSURSRVDOVVRRQE\LVVXLQJ1RWLFHVRI3URSRVHG VXSSRUWWKLVSDUWRIWKHSURSRVDODVZHOO
5XOHPDNLQJRUSHUKDSVJURXSLQJWKHPLQWRDVLQJOH1350IRO )LQDOO\ZHKDYHWKHTXHVWLRQRI$&'6DXWRPDWLFDOO\FRQWUROOHG
ORZLQJWKHFRPPLWWHH¶VOHDGKHUHDQGWKDWWKH)&&ZLOODGRSW GLJLWDOVWDWLRQVDQGZHVWLOOKDYHDVPDQ\TXHVWLRQVDERXWWKLVIDFHW
WKHSURSRVDOVHVVHQWLDOO\XQFKDQJHGDIWHUJRLQJWKURXJKWKHUXOH RIKDPDFWLYLW\DVZHKDYHLQWKHSDVW7ZRPDLQDUHDVRIFRQFHUQ
PDNLQJSURFHVV,WLVYHU\UDUHWKDWWKH&RPPLVVLRQGRHVWKDW,Q DERXW$&'6DUHWKHLULQWHUIHUHQFHSRWHQWLDOZKHQVLPSO\VWDUWLQJWR
OLJKWRIWKHVHDVVXPSWLRQVDQGWKHXQFHUWDLQW\RIWKHLURXWFRPH WUDQVPLWDWDGHVLJQDWHGWLPHRQDVHWIUHTXHQF\ZLWKRXWNQRZLQJLI
WKLVHQWLUHH[HUFLVHPD\EHSUHPDWXUHEXWWKHQDJDLQWKHFRP WKHUHLVDOUHDG\DFWLYLW\WKHUHDQGTXHVWLRQVDERXWPHVVDJHFRQ
PLWWHHQHHGVWRVWDUWVRPHZKHUHVRLWFDQKLWWKHJURXQGUXQQLQJ WHQW7KH/HDJXHFRPPLWWHHDGGUHVVHVWKHILUVWLVVXHE\UHFRP
ZLWKDILQDOSURSRVDORQFHWKH)&&GRHVWDNHDFWLRQLI WKH)&& PHQGLQJWKHXVHRI&:,'VIRUHDV\VWDWLRQLGHQWLILFDWLRQDVZHOODV
GRHVWDNHDFWLRQ LPSOHPHQWLQJD³OLVWHQEHIRUHWUDQVPLWWLQJ´ SURWRFROWRUHGXFHLQWHU
7LPLQJTXHVWLRQVDVLGHWKHSURSRVDODLPVWRDGGUHVVVHYHUDOGLV IHUHQFHSRWHQWLDO%RWKRIWKHVHZRXOGJRDORQJZD\WRZDUGUHVROY
WLQFW DOWKRXJK RFFDVLRQDOO\ RYHUODSSLQJ DUHDV RI FRQFHUQ WKH LQJWKHILUVWFRQFHUQ7KHVHFRQGLVPRUHFKDOOHQJLQJDQGSHUKDSV
QHHGIRU+)VSHFWUXPRQZKLFKKDPVPD\H[SHULPHQWZLWKZLGH QRWZLWKLQWKHSXUYLHZRIDEDQGSODQQLQJFRPPLWWHH7KHUHKDYH
EDQGGLJLWDOPRGHVLQFRPSDWLELOLW\EHWZHHQFHUWDLQGLJLWDOPRGHV EHHQ² DQGFRQWLQXHWREH² VLJQLILFDQWFRQFHUQVWKDWWKH:LQOLQN
DQGUHVXOWDQWLQWHUIHUHQFHZKHQWKH\DUHSDFNHGWRRFORVHO\WRJHWK UDGLRHPDLOV\VWHPZKLFKLVUHDOO\ZKDW$&'6LVDOODERXWLQPDQ\
HUH[SDQGHGIUHTXHQFLHVIRUDXWRPDWLFDOO\FRQWUROOHGGLJLWDOVWD FDVHV LV XVHG E\ VDLORUV WR FRQGXFW HYHU\GD\ HPDLO FRPPXQLFD
WLRQVRU$&'6DQRWKHUWHUPIRU:LQOLQNRYHUWKHDLUHPDLODQG WLRQVLQFOXGLQJEXVLQHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLQDQHIIRUWWRDYRLGWKH
DGHVLUHWRHQFRXUDJHPRUH7HFKQLFLDQ&ODVVOLFHQVHHV² ZKRQRZ KLJKFRVWRIVDWHOOLWHEDVHGHPDLO7KLVLVDSUREOHPIURPWZRSHU
PDNHXSPRUHWKDQKDOIRIWKH86DPDWHXUSRSXODWLRQ² WRXSJUDGH VSHFWLYHV$VZHDOONQRZXVLQJDPDWHXUUDGLRIRUEXVLQHVVFRP
WR*HQHUDORU([WUDE\RIIHULQJWKHPPHDQLQJIXOYRLFHDQGGDWDSULY PXQLFDWLRQVLVLOOHJDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOUXOHVVSHFLILFDOO\SURKLE
LOHJHVRQSRUWLRQVRIVHYHUDO+)EDQGV LW WKH XVH RI DPDWHXU UDGLR DV D ZD\ WR DYRLG FRPPHUFLDO
:H¶OOVWDUWZLWKWKHODVWRQH«:HHQWKXVLDVWLFDOO\VXSSRUWWKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQVHUYLFHV
VRFDOOHG³7HFKQLFLDQ(QKDQFHPHQW´ SURSRVDO7KHUHLVQRWKLQJ :K\LVVLJQLILFDQWO\PRUHVSHFWUXPVSDFHQHHGHGWRDFFRPPR
EHWWHUIRUFUHDWLQJH[FLWHPHQWDERXW';LQJDQGRWKHUJUHDWEHQH GDWHWKHVHTXHVWLRQDEOHWUDQVPLVVLRQV"7RZKDWH[WHQWZLOOWKHXVH
ILWVRI+)KDPPLQJWKDQSURYLGLQJDWDVWHRILWLQDPHDQLQJIXOZD\ RI:LQOLQNIRUFRPPXQLFDWLRQVRIGXELRXVOHJDOLW\H[SDQGRQFHDGGL
$QG WKDW PHDQV D YDULHW\ RI PRGH SULYLOHJHV QRW MXVW &: <HV WLRQDOIUHTXHQFLHVDUHPDGHDYDLODEOHIRU$&'6"7RZKDWH[WHQW
7HFKVDQG1RYLFHVKDYHYRLFHDQGGDWDSULYLOHJHVRQSDUWVRI ZLOOWKDWFURZGRXWRWKHUXVHVRIRXUVKDUHGIUHTXHQFLHV$&'6VWD
PHWHUVEXWZH¶UHDWWKHYHU\ERWWRPRIDZHDNVXQVSRWF\FOHDQG WLRQVDUHQRWIUHTXHQF\DJLOH"$QGZK\LVWKH$55/VRLQYHVWHGLQ
DOOLQGLFDWLRQVVRIDUDUHWKDWWKHQH[WF\FOHZLOOEHYHU\VLPLODUWR H[SDQGLQJWKHXVHRI$&'6RQWKH+)EDQGV"7KLVODVWTXHVWLRQLV
WKHRQHWKDW¶VHQGLQJ7KDWPHDQVPHWHUVLVQ¶WOLNHO\WREHDKRW RQHZHILUVWDVNHGVHYHQ\HDUVDJRZKHQ50ZDVILOHGDQG
';EDQGH[FHSWPD\EHDURXQGWKHSHDNRI&\FOHLQURXJKO\ RQHZHDUHVWLOODVNLQJQRZ:KDWLVWKHEHQHILWWR$55/DQGRUWKH
ILYHRUVL[\HDUV EURDGHUDPDWHXUFRPPXQLW\":H¶UHQRWVXUHWKHUHLVRQHRUWKDW
7KLUW\\HDUVDJR1RYLFH(QKDQFHPHQWEUHDWKHGQHZOLIHLQWRWKH VLJQLILFDQWH[SDQVLRQRI$&'6EDQGVHJPHQWVLVMXVWLILHG7KDWUHDO
+)EDQGVWKHDPDWHXUUDGLRLQGXVWU\DQGWKHKDPFRPPXQLW\RYHU O\LVRXURQO\TXLEEOHKHUHDQGDJDLQLWLVEH\RQGWKHSXUYLHZRI
DOO$QRWKHUVXFKERRVWLVQHHGHGQRZDQGWKLVSURSRVDOZLOOSUR WKHEDQGSODQQLQJFRPPLWWHHZKLFKLVVLPSO\ZRUNLQJZLWKWKHSUR
YLGHLWE\RIIHULQJ7HFKQLFLDQVQRWRQO\GDWDSULYLOHJHVRQ SRVDOVDOUHDG\EHIRUHWKH)&&IRUFRQVLGHUDWLRQ
DQGPHWHUVEXWYRLFHSULYLOHJHVDWWKHWRSHQGVRIWKRVHEDQGV 2WKHUWKDQZLVKLQJWKDWPRUHWLPHZDVSURYLGHGIRUWKHDPDWHXU
DVZHOO)DFHLWRXWVLGHRIFRQWHVWZHHNHQGVDQGWKH)7VHJPHQWV FRPPXQLW\WRFRPPHQWRQWKHVHSURSRVDOVZHEHOLHYHWKH\UHSUH
PRVWRIWKH+)EDQGVDUHSUHWW\TXLHWULJKWQRZ*LYLQJDFFHVVWR VHQWDJRRGVWDUWDQGKRSHWKDWWKH\KHOSVSXUWKH)&&LQWRILQDOO\
PRYLQJRQWKHWKUHHSURSRVDOVZUDSSHGXSLQVLGHWKHGUDIWEDQG
SODQV8VLQJWKLVDVDEDVHILQDOPRGLILFDWLRQVIROORZLQJ)&&DFWLRQ
(PDLOZYX#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! VKRXOGEHDEOHWREHLPSOHPHQWHGTXLFNO\± :98

NEWS BYTES
ARRL Committee Releases Proposed HF Band PHWHUV $GGV:%GDWDIURP0+]PRYHV$&'6
VHJPHQWIURPWRQRSKRQHEDQGFKDQJHV
Plan Changes PHWHUV $GG :% GDWD WR FXUUHQW $&'6 VHJPHQW IURP
7KH$55/¶V+)%DQG3ODQQLQJ&RPPLWWHHUHOHDVHGDGUDIWSURSRVDO 0+]
IRUFRPPHQWLQHDUO\)HEUXDU\RQLWVVXJJHVWLRQVIRUDUHYLVHG+)EDQG PHWHUV &KDQJHFXUUHQW1RYLFH7HFK&:RQO\VXEEDQG
SODQWRDFFRPPRGDWHZLGHEDQGGLJLWDOPRGHVJUHDWHUXVHRIDXWRPDW 0+]WR&:1%GDWDWR:%GDWD$&'6
LFDOO\FRQWUROOHGGLJLWDOVWDWLRQV$&'6DQGSURSRVHGHQKDQFHGSULYL PRYH$&'6VHJPHQWIURPWR
OHJHVIRUERWK7HFKQLFLDQVDQG1RYLFHV7KHFRPPLWWHHLVFKDLUHGE\ DGG7HFKYRLFHLPDJHSULYLOHJHVDW
$55/)LUVW9LFH3UHVLGHQW*UHJ:LGLQ.*:DQGLWPHPEHUVLQFOXGH PHWHUV $GG :% GDWD WR FXUUHQW $&'6 VHJPHQW IURP
IRXUGLUHFWRUVDQGRQHYLFHGLUHFWRU 0+]
7KHSODQZKLFKZDVUHOHDVHGRQ)HEUXDU\WK ZLWKFRPPHQWVUHTXHVW PHWHUV $GG:%GDWDWRFXUUHQW$&'6VHJPHQWIURP
HGE\WKHWKDVVXPHVWKDWWKUHHUXOHPDNLQJSURSRVDOVFXUUHQWO\SHQG 0+]IRU$//OLFHQVHFODVVHVDGG³H[SHULPHQWDOGDWD´VHJPHQWZLWK1%
LQJEHIRUHWKH)&&ZLOOEHDGRSWHGHVVHQWLDOO\DVSURSRVHGVRLVVXE :%DQGGDWD$&'6SHUPLWWHGIURPIRU([WUD$GYDQFHG
MHFWWRDGGLWLRQDOFKDQJHEDVHGRQWKH)&&¶VHYHQWXDODFWLRQRQWKRVH *HQHUDOQRFKDQJHVWRFXUUHQW1RYLFH7HFKSKRQHSULYLOHJHV
SHWLWLRQV50UHDOLJQLQJWKHPHWHUDOORFDWLRQVWRSURYLGH
PRUHVSDFHIRUGLJLWDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVDQGDGGLQJ577<GDWDSULYL Proposed Changes By License Class:
OHJHVIRU7HFKVDQG1RYLFHVSHQGLQJEHIRUHWKH&RPPLVVLRQIRUIRXU 1RYLFH &XUUHQW&:RQO\SULYLOHJHVRQDQGPHWHUVZRXOGEH
\HDUV50%DXG5DWHWR%DQGZLGWKDZDLWLQJ)&&DFWLRQIRU H[SDQGHGWRLQFOXGH577<DQG1%:%GDWDLQFOXGLQJ$&'6577<1%
\HDUV DQG 50 7HFKQLFLDQ (QKDQFHPHQW SHQGLQJ VLQFH ODVW GDWDDOUHDG\SHUPLWWHGRQPHWHUVPHWHU&:577<'DWDEDQG
0DUFK H[SDQGHGE\N+]IRU:%GDWD$&'6
+HUHDUHWKHKLJKOLJKWVEURNHQGRZQILUVWE\EDQGDQGWKHQE\OLFHQVH 7HFK $OO FXUUHQW &:RQO\ SULYLOHJHV PHWHUV ZRXOG EH
FODVVQRFKDQJHVDUHSURSRVHGIRUHLWKHUWKHPHWHURUPHWHU H[SDQGHGWRLQFOXGH577<DQG1%:%GDWDLQFOXGLQJ$&'6577<1%
EDQGV GDWDDOUHDG\SHUPLWWHGRQPHWHUVPHWHU&:577<'DWDEDQG
H[SDQGHGE\N+]IRU:%GDWD$&'63KRQH,PDJHSULYLOHJHVWR
Proposed Band-By-Band Changes EHDGGHGRQPHWHUVN+]PHWHUVN+]
PHWHUV 5HDOORFDWHN+]IURP([WUDRQO\SKRQHFXU DQGPHWHUV0+]
UHQWO\WR577<QDUURZEDQG1%DQGZLGHEDQG:%GDWD *HQHUDO $FFHVVWRDOOQHZ:%GDWDVHJPHQWVSOXVQHZ³H[SHULPHQWDO
$&'6IRU$//OLFHQVHFODVVHVFKDQJH1RYLFH7HFK&:RQO\VXEEDQG GDWD´VHJPHQWRQPHWHUV0+]
DWWRDOORZ577<1%GDWDDVZHOODGG7HFKSKRQHDQGLPDJH $GYDQFHG $FFHVVWRDOOQHZ:%GDWDVHJPHQWVSOXVQHZ³H[SHUL
SULYLOHJHVIURP PHQWDOGDWD´VHJPHQWRQPHWHUV0+]
PHWHUV 'HVLJQDWH N+] IRU 1%:% GDWD LQFOXGLQJ ([WUD /RVVRIH[FOXVLYHSKRQHVXEEDQGIURPN+]
$&'6IRUDOOOLFHQVHFODVVHVH[FHSW1RYLFHDGGLQJGDWDWRFXUUHQW7HFK ZRXOGUHPDLQH[FOXVLYH([WUDSKRQHDFFHVVWRDOOQHZ:%GDWD
SULYLOHJHVH[SDQGLQJ$&'6VHJPHQWIURPN+]WRN+]1RYLFH VHJPHQWVSOXVQHZ³H[SHULPHQWDOGDWD´VHJPHQWRQPHWHUV
SULYLOHJHV UHPDLQ &: RQO\ DW $GG 7HFK SKRQH SULYLOHJHV 0+]
IURP
PHWHUV $GGV:%GDWDEHWZHHQDQG0+]H[SDQGV $JUDSKLFSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHSURSRVHGFKDQJHVLVDYDLODEOHRQWKH
$&'6VHJPHQWE\N+] $55/ZHEVLWHDWKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPWN[N]J!

The University of Michigan Amateur Radio Club was presented with donations
and the opportunity to refurbish some old antennas. Here’s how they put their
ham ingenuity to work in creating a mobile tower and antennas.
Refurbished, Donated and

Modified … Putting All the Pieces
all Together at W8UM
BY JOHN PALMISANO,* KB8OIS; ROBERT GIULIANO,** KB8RCO;
ROBERT LAUNDRA,*** N8RGF; AND MICHAEL FLUEGEMANN,**** KE8AQW
7
KH8QLYHUVLW\RI0LFKLJDQ$PDWHXU RIWKH0LFKLJDQ8QLRQ%XLOGLQJWKHFLU
5DGLR&OXE:80KDVEHQHILW FXODUO\SRODUL]HG 0+] DQG
HGJUHDWO\IURPLWVPDQ\PHPEHUV 0+]DQWHQQDVHUHFWHGLQZHUH
DQGGRQRUV7KURXJKWKHLUJHQHURVLW\ UHPRYHG IURP WKH URRIWRS DQG UHIXU
ERWK PRQHWDU\ DQG HTXLSPHQW GRQD ELVKHG 7KLV LV RXU H[SHULHQFH LQ
WLRQV KDYH SURYLGHG WKH UHVRXUFHV WR DVVHPEOLQJ WKHVH GRQDWHG UHIXUELVK
UHPDLQDQDFWLYHFOXE,QUHFHQWPRQWKV HG DQG PRGLILHG LWHPV LQWR RXU QHZ
WKH FOXE KDV UHFHLYHG D HOHPHQW PRELOHWRZHU
6WHSS,5 DQWHQQD 0 6WHSS,5
&RPPXQLFDWLRQV 6\VWHPV %HOOHYXH Trailer
:$ ZLWKRXW D FRQWUROOHU D IRRW 7KHVLQJOHD[OHWUDLOHUDQGWKHIRRW
FUDQNXSVWHHOWRZHUDQGDVLQJOHD[OH FUDQNXS WRZHU ZHUH SURYLGHG E\ WKH
WUDLOHU,QDGGLWLRQGXHWRUHQRYDWLRQV 'HSDUWPHQWRI1DYDO$UFKLWHFWXUHDQG
0DULQH(QJLQHHULQJ,WZDVQRWNQRZQ
8QLYHUVLW\RI0LFKLJDQ$PDWHXU KRZWKLVWUDLOHUDQGWRZHUZHUHXVHGLQ
5DGLR&OXE WKHSDVW7KHWUDLOHUKDGEHHQVXSSRUW
$QQ$UERU0LFKLJDQ HGRIIWKHJURXQGE\LWVIRXURXWULJJHUV
SDOP\#XPLFKHGX! 7KLVOLNHO\SUHYHQWHGDQ\GDPDJHWRWKH
NEUFR#DUUOQHW! WLUHVZKHHOVEHDULQJVRUD[OHGXULQJ 3KRWR $ 'HPRQVWUDWLQJ ZKHUH WKH
QUJI#DUUOQHW! LWVWLPHRILQDFWLYLW\$IWHUGHWHUPLQLQJ ZLQFK FDEOH ZDV FDXJKW LQ WKH WRZHU
PIOXHP#XPLFKHGX! WKDWWKHIUDPHD[OHEHDULQJVWLUHVDQG KLQJHZKLOHHOHYDWLQJWKHWRZHU
3KRWR%(OHYDWLQJWKHSLYRWSRLQWRQWKHWRZHUEUDFNHW 3KRWR&6KRZLQJWKHWRZHUVHFXUHGLQWRWKHWUDLOHUKLQJH
UDLVHVWKHZLQFKFDEOHDERYHWKHWRZHUKLQJH ZLWKDODUJHGLDPHWHUEROW

WLUH SUHVVXUH ZHUH DOO VDIH DWWHQWLRQ DQWHQQDSURYHGWREHGLIILFXOW2IWKHWZR JRXJH 3KRWR $ 7KLV GDPDJH PD\
ZDVWKHQGLUHFWHGWRWKHPDQXDOZLQFK URWRUV DYDLODEOH D +\*DLQ ZDV WRR KDYH RFFXUUHG IURP XQHYHQ EDODQFH
DQGZLUHFDEOHWKDWHOHYDWHVWKHWRZHU ODUJHWRILWLQWRWKLVWRZHU$Q$OOLDQFH LPSURSHUPRXQWLQJDQGRUZLQGVWUHVV
IURPLWVUHVWLQJKRUL]RQWDOSRVLWLRQWRD +' URWRU *HQLH &R ZLWK FRQ RYHUWKHSDVW\HDUV7KHURWRUZDV
YHUWLFDOSRVLWLRQ WUROOHUGRQDWHGE\.$32=ZDVDOVR WDNHQDSDUWWKRURXJKO\FOHDQHGDQGD
1RWLFLQJ WKDW WKH ZLQFK DQG ZLQFK VOLJKWO\ WRR ODUJH +RZHYHU UHPRYLQJ UHSODFHPHQW ZRUPJHDU ZDV SXU
FDEOHZHUHLQSRRUFRQGLWLRQERWKZHUH WKHURWRUWRZHUSODWH3KRWR$UHSR FKDVHG IURP 1RUP¶V 5RWRU 6HUYLFH
UHSODFHG ZLWK D SRXQG FDSDFLW\ VLWLRQLQJLWEHQHDWKWKHZHOGHGVXSSRUWV 3KRWR%
HOHFWULF ZLQFK ZLWK D UHPRWH VZLWFK RQWKHWRZHUDQGWKHQVHFXULQJLWZLWK
IURP+DUERU)UHLJKW'XULQJRXUILUVW ULJKWDQJOHEUDFNHWVDOORZHGWKHURWRUWR Circularly-Polarized Satellite
DWWHPSWDWUDLVLQJWKHWRZHUWKH³KRUVH ILWDQGURWDWHIUHHO\ Antennas
VKRH´ FRQQHFWLRQ RQ WKH ZLQFK FDEOH 6XUSULVLQJO\ ERWK WKH DQG
EHFDPHSLQFKHGDWWKHSRLQWZKHUHWKH Elevation Rotor 0+= VDWHOOLWH DQWHQQDV ZHUH LQ YHU\
WRZHUEDVHORFNVLQWRWKHWUDLOHUIUDPH 7KH HOHYDWLRQ URWRU $OOLDQFH 8 JRRG FRQGLWLRQ :KLOH HDFK DQWHQQD
7KLVSUHYHQWHGWKHWRZHUIURPDQ\IXU 7HQQD 5RWRU $OOLDQFH 0IJ $OOLDQFH KDGEHQWRUEURNHQHOHPHQWVDOOFRD[
WKHUPRYHPHQW3KRWR$%\DOWHULQJ 2+WKDWRQFHKHOGWKHFLUFXODUO\SRODU FRQQHFWLRQV ZHUH LQ H[FHOOHQW FRQGL
WKHSLYRWSRLQWRQWKHWRZHUEDVHDQG L]HGVDWHOOLWHDQWHQQDVIRUPHWHUVDQG WLRQOLNHLWZDVSXWWRJHWKHU\HVWHUGD\
DGGLQJDZDVKHU3KRWR%WKHWRZHU FHQWLPHWHUV ZDV WDNHQ DSDUW DQG 7KHFRQQHFWLRQVKDGEHHQWKRURXJKO\
EDVH DOLJQHG SHUIHFWO\ LQWR WKH WUDLOHU H[DPLQHG,WZDVLPPHGLDWHO\QRWLFHG WDSHGSURWHFWHGZLWKERRWFRYHUVDQG
KLQJH2QFHWKHWRZHUZDVYHUWLFDOWKH WKDW WKH ZRUP JHDU KDG D VLJQLILFDQW VXIILFLHQWO\ OXEULFDWHG $OO FRQQHFWLRQV
WRZHUEDVHZDVVHFXUHGZLWKDLQFK ZHUHHDVLO\XQGRQH
GLDPHWHU EROW 3KRWR & 7KH WRZHU
ZDV WKHQ HDVLO\ H[WHQGHG WR LWV IXOO SteppIR Antenna
KHLJKWDQGWKHQUHWUDFWHGIXOO\ZLWKRXW
HQFRXQWHULQJDQ\GLIILFXOWLHV 7KH IDPLO\ RI (YDQJHOR 'LDPDQWRQL
:(516.JHQHURXVO\SURYLGHGRXU
FOXEZLWKDHOHPHQW6WHSS,5DQWHQQD
Azimuth Rotor and Rotor 6LQFHRXUJRDOZDVWROLPLWWKHXVHRI
Bracket WKLV DQWHQQD WR ³VSHFLDO HYHQW´ VLWXD
)LQGLQJDURWRURIWKHDSSURSULDWHVL]H WLRQVWKHVKULQNZUDSKROGLQJWKHHOH
WRILWLQWRWKHWRZHUDQGURWDWHD³ODUJH´ PHQW VXSSRUW WXEHV (67V LQ WKHLU
H[WHQGHGSRVLWLRQZDVFXWDQGUHPRYHG
DWHDFKRIWKHIRXUVHFWLRQVRIHDFK(67
7KLVDOORZHGWKH(67VHFWLRQVWRFRO
ODSVH DQG UHWUDFW WR DSSUR[LPDWHO\
IRRW VHFWLRQV $ SDWLR XPEUHOOD FRYHU
ZDVXVHGDVDSURWHFWLYHFDUU\LQJFDVH
IRU WKH (67V DV ZHOO DV WKH HOHPHQW
KRXVLQJ XQLWV (+8V IRU WKH GLUHFWRU
DQGWKHUHIOHFWRU
3KRWR$$OOLDQFH8VDWHOOLWHHOH
YDWLRQURWRUVKRZLQJWKHJRXJHGZRUP Element Housing Unit,
JHDU “Disassembly” Required
7KHDQWHQQDSURYHGWREHFKDOOHQJLQJ
HVSHFLDOO\ ZLWKRXW D FRQWURO ER[ WR
VZLWFKEDQGVLHDGYDQFHDQGUHWUDFW
3KRWR $ 5RWRU SODWH ZDV RULJLQDOO\ WKHFRSSHUFRQGXFWRUWDSH7KHZLULQJ
SRVLWLRQHGDERYHWKHURWRUVXSSRUWVRQ WRDOOWKUHH(+8VKDGEHHQFXWDQGWKH
WKH WRZHU EXW WKHQ UHSRVLWLRQHG EH ZLUH FDVLQJV KDG GHWHULRUDWHG UHTXLU
QHDWKWKHURWRUSODWHVXSSRUWV LQJ FRPSOHWH UHZLULQJ :LWK DQ (+8
FRYHUUHPRYHGZHFRXOGVHHWKHWDSH
GULYH JHDU DQG WKH VSULQJORDGHG
VSRROV:HFDUHIXOO\FKHFNHGWKDWWKH
FRSSHUFRQGXFWRUWDSHFRXOGPRYH²
QRLVVXH%XWZKDWDERXWWKHPRWRU"2I
FRXUVHWKLVUHTXLUHGDGGLWLRQDO³GLVDV
VHPEO\´WRDFFHVV8QIRUWXQDWHO\GXU
LQJWKLVSURFHVVWKH³ORDGLQJ´VSULQJRQ
RQHRIWKHVSRROVUHOHDVHG3KRWR$
:DV WKLV WKH HQG RI WKH SURMHFW"
8QDZDUHRIDQ\WULFNVWRUHPHG\WKLV
ZHSXUSRVHO\UHPRYHGWKH³PROGHGEXO
OHW´WKDWSUHYHQWVWKHWDSHIURPUHWUDFW
3KRWR%5RWRUSODWHLVVHFXUHGRQWR LQJIXOO\LQWRWKH(+87KLVDOORZHGXV
WKH WRZHU ZLWK ³ULJKWDQJOH´ EUDFNHWV 3KRWR%:RUPJHDUUHSODFHGDQGWKH WR UHPRYH ERWK WKH VSRRO DQG WKH
DQG³8EROWV´ LQVLGHRIWKHURWRUKDVEHHQFOHDQHG UHPDLQLQJXQZRXQGWDSHIURPWKH(+8

/DWHU DIWHU VRPH RQOLQH UHVHDUFK D 7KHUHZLQGLQJRIWKHWDSHVHWWLQJRI 6SDUNIXQ (OHFWURQLFV DQG D VWHSSHU
YLGHRGHPRQVWUDWLQJKRZWRUHSODFHD WKHVSRROWHQVLRQVSULQJDQGWKHSURS PRWRUIURPDQDEDQGRQHGPHGLFDOSUR
6WHSS,5VSRROZDVORFDWHG HU DPRXQW RI VSRRO WHQVLRQ LQLWLDOO\ MHFW WHVW FRGH ZDV ZULWWHQ WKDW ZRXOG
'XULQJ WKH SURFHVV RI UHPRYLQJ WKH SURYHG WR EH IUXVWUDWLQJ 2XU ILUVW DW PRYH WKH VWHSSHU PRWRU LQ HLWKHU D
WDSH DQG VSRRO WKH FRQWDFWV RI WKH WHPSWH[FHHGHGPLQXWHV7KLVZDV FORFNZLVH RU FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH GLUHF
(+8V ZHUH LQVSHFWHG DQG FOHDQHG UHGXFHGWRPLQXWHVRQVXEVHTXHQW WLRQ$+HZOHWW3DFNDUGSRZHUVXSSO\
3KRWR%1RWNQRZLQJDQ\VSHFLILFV (+8V3HUKDSVDPXFKHDVLHUPHWKRG IURPDQ$OO,Q2QHSULQWHUVFDQQHUZLWK
DERXWWKH6WHSS,5ZRUNLQJVWKHWDSHRI WRIL[DQ³XQZRXQG´WDSHLVWRFRPSOHWHO\ DQRXWSXWRIYROWVDPSVZDV
HDFK(+8ZDVIXOO\H[WHQGHGWRYHULI\ XQUDYHOWKHWDSHZLWKRXWUHPRYLQJWKH XVHG2XULQLWLDOFRGHVHQWSXOVHV
DQGFRPSDUHWKHLUOHQJWKVSURFNHWKROH ³PROGHGEXOOHWÚHPRYHWKHVPDOOVFUHZ ZLWKWKH³',5HFWLRQ´SLQ+,*+DQGWKH
GLDPHWHUDQGVSDFLQJDQGWDSHZLGWK RQWKHVSRROUHSODFHWKHVSRROZLWKRXW PRWRUWXUQHGRQHIXOOUHYROXWLRQ1H[W
DWWDFKLQJ WKH WDSH LQVHUW WKH VSULQJ ZH VHW ',5 /2: DQG WKH PRWRU UH
DGG FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH WHQVLRQ WR WKH YHUVHG GLUHFWLRQ RQH IXOO WXUQ %\ LQ
VSRRO DWWDFK WKH WDSH DQG VFUHZ DQG FUHDVLQJ WKH SXOVH FRXQW WKH PRWRU
WKHQDOORZWKHWHQVLRQRQWKHVSRROWR FRPSOHWHG³PRUHÚHYROXWLRQV*5($7
IXOO\DQGVORZO\UHWUDFWWKHWDSHRQWRWKH :H QRZ KDG D ZD\ WR FRQWURO WKH
VSRRO &RQWDFWLQJ 6WHSS,5 IRU KHOS 6WHSS,5PRWRUV
PLJKW DOVR KDYH EHHQ XVHIXO EXW SHU
KDSVWKLVZDVPRUHHGXFDWLRQDO±HG Testing the Real Thing
7KH 6WHSS,5 PDQXDO PHQWLRQV XVH RI
Making a Controller for the HLWKHUDYROWRUYROWSRZHUVXSSO\
SteppIR Antenna DQG WKH 6WHSS,5 ZHEVLWH ³VXJJHVWV´
-XVWLILFDWLRQ7KHEDVHFRQWUROOHUIRUWKH XVLQJDYROWVXSSO\)RUWXQDWHO\WKH
6WHSS,5DQWHQQDFRVWVEHWZHHQ (DV\'ULYHUZDVUDWHGWRYROWV8VLQJ
DQG XVHG RQ H%D\ D YROW DPS SRZHU VXSSO\ SXU
QHZIURP6WHSS,55HSODFLQJWKHFRQ FKDVHGIURP$PD]RQZHWKHQ³ZLUHG´
WUROOHUZRXOGEHDVLJQLILFDQWFRVWIRUDQ\ LQRQHRIWKH(+8VLQSODFHRIWKH³WHVW´
FOXESDUWLFXODUO\DXQLYHUVLW\FOXE+DY VWHSSHUPRWRU²LW:25.67KHFRS
LQJWKHPRVWH[SHQVLYHSDUW³LQKDQG´² SHUFRQGXFWRUWDSHPRYHGERWKRXWDQG
WKHDQWHQQDLWVHOI²FRXOGWKHDGGLWLRQ LQXVLQJRXU³WHVW´FRGH7KHUHPDLQLQJ
DOH[SHQVHEHMXVWLILHG":KDWLIZKDWZH (+8V ZHUH WKHQ WHVWHG LQGLYLGXDOO\
KDYHGRHVQ¶WHYHQZRUN" ZLWK WKH VDPH UHVXOWV 2QH LPSRUWDQW
*HWWLQJ WKH 6WHSSHU 0RWRU WR 0RYH OHVVRQZDVOHDUQHG:KLOHH[FKDQJLQJ
8VLQJ DQ $UGXLQR (DV\'ULYHU IURP (+8V LQ WKH FLUFXLW UHPHPEHU WR GLV
FRQQHFWWKHPRWRUZLQGLQJZLUHVZKHQ
WKH\DUHQRWSRZHUHG2WKHUZLVHLWZLOO
3KRWR$6WHSS,5(+8VKRZLQJWKH UHVXOWLQEOXHVPRNHIURPWKHGULYHUFKLS
³XQZRXQG´FRSSHUFRQGXFWRUWDSH :KLOH DOWHULQJ WKH FRGH ZH QRWLFHG
KRZ FRQVLVWHQW WKH WDSH PRYHPHQW
ZDV3XOVHFRXQWHTXDWHVWRWKHOHQJWK
RI WDSH H[WHQGHG IURP WKH (+8 6R
VHQGLQJ D VHW QXPEHU RI FRXQWV DQG
UHFRUGLQJ DQ ³DSSUR[LPDWH´ PHDVXUH
PHQWRIWKHWDSHH[WHQVLRQZRXOGSUR
YLGHDSXOVHFRXQWSHULQFK
Determining Element Lengths

&RQWUROOLQJWKHHOHPHQWOHQJWKVVLPXO
WDQHRXVO\IRUHDFKRIWKHWKUHH(+8V
ZDVWKHQH[WWDVN)URPWKHPDQ\ZHE
VLWHVRQ<DJL8GDDQWHQQDVWKHGULYHQ
HOHPHQWHTXDWHVWRDGLSROH7KHOHQJWK
RIWKHGLUHFWRULVRIWKHGULYHQ
HOHPHQW DQG WKH UHIOHFWRU¶V OHQJWK LV
RIWKHGULYHQHOHPHQW6SDFLQJRI
WKHHOHPHQWVRQWKH6WHSS,5ZDVIL[HG
VR QR FDOFXODWLRQV WKHUH ZHUH QHFHV
VDU\:HGHFLGHGWRXVH ZDYH
OHQJWKIRUWKHGULYHQHOHPHQW GUL
YHQIRUWKHGLUHFWRUDQG GULYHQ
IRUWKHUHIOHFWRU
2XU FUXGH PHDVXUHPHQWV RI SXOVHV
3KRWR%6WHSS,5FRQWDFWVDQGSODWH SHULQFKZHUHXVHGWRVHWWKHQXPEHURI
7KH EXOOHW FDSV KDYH EHHQ UHPRYHG 3KRWR&6KRZLQJWKHVFUHZWKDWVH SXOVHVWRVHQGWRHDFK(+8PRWRU$
DQGWKHFRQWDFWVFOHDQHG FXUHVWKHFRSSHUWDSHRQWRWKHVSRRO VSUHDGVKHHW ZDV FUHDWHG LQFOXGLQJ

PDFURVWRGHWHUPLQHSXOVHFRXQWSHUHOHPHQWSHUEDQGDW
WKHEDQGFHQWHU7KLVZRXOGHQVXUHWKHGHVLUHGOHQJWKVRI
WDSHH[WHQGHGZKLOHVZLWFKLQJEHWZHHQWKHEDQGVZRXOGEH
DFKLHYHG
2QDEUHDGERDUGZHUHPRXQWHGWKUHHJHQHULF$GUL
YHUVZLWKDQ$UGXLQR1DQRZLWKVFUHZWHUPLQDOV8VLQJWKH
VHSDUDWHSRZHUUDLOVIRUWKH6WHSS,5PRWRUVYROWVDQG
WKHGULYHUVDQG$UGXLQRYROWVZHFRXOGQRZWHVWDOOWKUHH
(+8FRSSHUWDSHVDWRQFH$VH[SHFWHGZHZHUHQRWYHU\
DFFXUDWHLQSUHGLFWLQJWKHOHQJWKRIFRSSHUWDSHH[WHQGHG
:KDWZHQHHGHGZDVDODUJHFRXQWWRGLVWDQFHPHDVXUH
PHQWWRLPSURYHDFFXUDF\:HVHWWKH$UGXLQRWRRXWSXWD
GXUDWLRQ WKDW ZRXOG DGYDQFH WKH FRSSHU WDSH WR LWV QHDU
PD[LPXP OHQJWK RI WKH HOHPHQW VXSSRUW WXEH DSSUR[L
PDWHO\IHHWLQFKHV
+DYLQJUHFRUGHGWKHQXPEHURISXOVHVSHUIRRWZHFDOFX
ODWHGWKHSXOVHVUHTXLUHGWRH[WHQGHDFKFRSSHUWDSHRQHDFK
EDQG DQG XSGDWHG WKH $UGXLQR ILUPZDUH 1RZ WR GULYH DOO
WKUHHHOHPHQWVDWRQFHDQGVHHZKDWKDSSHQV'XULQJRXU
ILUVWDWWHPSWWKHWDSHLQWZRRIWKH(+8VH[WHQGHGWRWKH
GHVLUHG OHQJWKV ZKLOH WKH UHPDLQLQJ (+8 VWHSSHU PRWRU
DWWHPSWHGWRUHWUDFW$IWHUVRPHWURXEOHVKRRWLQJDEURNHQ
3KRWR6WHSS,5FRQWUROER[ZLWK$UGXLQRDQGGULYHUERDUGV ZLUHZDVORFDWHG$VHFRQGWULDOUHVXOWHGLQDOOWKUHH(+8V
LQVLGH/&'SDQHOGLVSOD\VWKHEDQGDQWHQQDOHQJWKSXOVH DGYDQFLQJWRRXUSUHVHWGLVWDQFHRQHDFKRIWKH
FRXQWV IUHTXHQF\ EDQG VHOHFWRU PHWHUV DQG ]HUR DQGPHWHUEDQGV/DVWZHHQVXUHGWKHHOH
UHVHWEXWWRQV PHQWVDOOUHWUDFWHGWR]HURRUFRPSOHWHO\LQWRWKH(+8E\
FRPPDQG7RWKLVSRLQWDOOWHVWLQJKDGRFFXUUHGLQDKDOOZD\
ZLWKWKHWDSHUXQQLQJRQWKHIORRUQRWLQWKH(67V
$SURMHFWER[ZLWKEDQGDQG]HUREXWWRQVDQGDOLQH/&'
GLVSOD\ZDVDGGHGWRFRPSOHWHWKH6WHSS,5FRQWUROOHU3KRWR
7KH/&'GLVSOD\VWKHEDQGDQWHQQDOHQJWKLQIHHWSUR
3KRWR$$WWDFKLQJWKH³XSSHU´HOHPHQWVXSSRUWWXEHV(67 3KRWR % 6KRZLQJ ERWK WKH 6WHSS,5 (67V DQG VDWHOOLWH
WRWKHWRZHU DQWHQQDVLQSUHSDUDWLRQWRUDLVHWKHWRZHU

JUDPPHGFRXQWVDQGIUHTXHQF\0+]7KLVGLVSOD\IDFLOL QDDQDO\]HU0)-(QWHUSULVHV,QFZDVLQVHUWHGLQWRWKHIHHG
WDWHVZLWKDQ\WURXEOHVKRRWLQJ7KHEUHDGERDUGDQG$UGXLQR OLQH$ODSWRSZLWKWKHSURJUDPPLQJFRGHZDVFRQQHFWHGWR
ZLWKVFUHZWHUPLQDOVZHUHVWLOOLQVLGHWKHER[ WKH $UGXLQR WR DFFHVV RXU ³LQFUHPHQWDO WXQLQJ´ IXQFWLRQ
$GMXVWPHQWVZHUHPDGHLQWKHFRGHWRDGMXVWWKHDQWHQQD
Assembly and Tower Crank-Up OHQJWKDQGREWDLQDPLQLPXP6:57KHVHQHZYDOXHVZHUH
:LWKWKHWUDLOHUSRVLWLRQHGDQGOHYHOHGWKHGULYHQHOHPHQW WKHQXSORDGHGLQWRWKH$UGXLQRILUPZDUH6LPLODUO\WHVWLQJ
VHFWLRQRIWKHERRPZDVDWWDFKHGWRWKHPDVWWKH³VKRUWHU´ DQGFKDQJHVZHUHPDGHWRHDFKRIWKHUHPDLQLQJEDQGV:H
GLUHFWRUDQG³ORQJHUÚHIOHFWRUVHFWLRQVZHUHDGGHGDQGWKH ZHUHIXOO\IXQFWLRQDO
HQWLUHERRPZDVSRVLWLRQHGSDUDOOHOWRWKHJURXQG7KH³WRS´ ([FLWHG WKDW HYHU\WKLQJ ZRUNHG DQG VDWLVILHG DW ZKDW ZH
(67VZHUHWKHQVHFXUHGRQWRHDFK(+83KRWR$8VLQJ KDGDFFRPSOLVKHGZHGHFLGHGLWZDVWLPHWRPDNHWKHILUVW
WKHHOHFWULFZLQFKWKHWRZHUZDVUDLVHGVOLJKWO\WRDOORZWKH RIFRQWDFWVIRUWKHDIWHUQRRQ
³ORZHU´(67VXSSRUWWXEHVWREHVHFXUHGRQWRWKHORZHUKDOI $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV
RI HDFK (+8 $JDLQ WKH WRZHU ZDV UDLVHG VOLJKWO\ ZKLFK :HVLQFHUHO\DSSUHFLDWHWKHJHQHURXVGRQDWLRQVIURPWKHIDPLO\RI
DOORZHGWKH(67WXEHVWRSDVVLYHO\H[WHQGGRZQZDUGV7KLV :(51 .$32= .(%=- DQG WKH 80 'HSDUWPHQW RI 1DYDO
SURFHVVZDVFRQWLQXHGXQWLOHDFK(67VXSSRUWWXEHZDVIXOO\ $UFKLWHFWXUHDQG0DULQH(QJLQHHULQJ
H[WHQGHG3KRWR%7KHWRZHUZDVWKHQUDLVHGWRLWVYHUWL
FDOSRVLWLRQDQGVHFXUHGLQWRWKHWUDLOHUKLQJHZLWKWKHODUJH
GLDPHWHUEROW:KDWKDGQRWEHHQWDNHQLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQ
ZDVWKHHIIRUWUHTXLUHGWRFUDQNWKHWRZHUWRLWVIXOOKHLJKWWKH
DGGLWLRQDOZHLJKWRIWKHD]LPXWKURWRUPDVW6WHSS,5DQWHQ
QDHOHYDWLRQURWRUZLWKERRP0+]DQG0+]<DJL
DQWHQQDVDQGIHHWRIFRD[DQGZLULQJ3KRWR&
On the Air?
:LWKDOOWKHFRQQHFWLRQVEHWZHHQWKH6WHSS,5DQWHQQDDQG
WKH³QHZ´FRQWUROOHUER[LQSODFHWKHFRD[FRQQHFWHGWRWKH
UDGLRSRZHUZDVDSSOLHGWRERWKDQGWKH³0ÉXWWRQRQ
RXUFRQWUROOHUZDVSXVKHG:HFRXOGKHDUWKH6WHSS,5PRWRUV
H[WHQGLQJ WKH HOHPHQWV EXW ZKHQ ZH NH\HG WKH UDGLR ²
+,*+6:57KHUDGLRZDVGLVFRQQHFWHGDQGDQ0)-DQWHQ
3KRWR&7RZHUUDLVHGWRLWVPD[LPXPKHLJKWDERXWIHHW

Results of the 2019 CQWW
RTTY DX Contest
BY ED MUNS,* WØYK
(YHU\VWDWLRQLV';IURPWKHKHDUWRI$IULFDDQGQRWPDQ\ $OO

VWDWLRQVH[SHFWDFWLYLW\IURPWKLVSDUWRIWKHZRUOG«;& 462V
,WLVRQHRIP\IDYRULWHFRQWHVWV/:'& =RQHV
577<LVDOLYHDQGZHOO*UHDWIXQ1117 &RXQWULHV
869(47+V
KH UG DQQXDO &4:: 577< '; &RQWHVW DWWUDFWHG
7 ORJVDQGRYHUSDUWLFLSDQWVGHVSLWHFRQWLQ
XHGGHWHULRUDWLRQRIVRODUFRQGLWLRQVWKDWUHDFKHGDQHZ
ORZIRUWKHHYHQW7KHGDLO\VXQVSRWQXPEHUVIRUWKH
7RSVWDWLVWLFV
$ QXPEHU RI SDUWLFLSDQWV SRVWHG YLGHRV RQ <RX7XEH

&(23*85598=0.:;9HWF
SDVWIRXUFRQWHVWVDUHVKRZQLQWKHWDEOHEHORZIROORZHGE\
DWDEOHRIWKH462EUHDNGRZQE\EDQG )LUVWVRORDWWHPSWDWD577<FRQWHVW,WZDVIXQDQG
UHZDUGLQJ«)%=

7KHILUVWWLPHLQ&4::577<,WZDV*5($7/RQJOLYH
6DW
577<($$4
6XQ
)LUVWWLPH577<1,&(,./))
'DLO\VXQVSRWQXPEHUV 0\ILUVW577<FRQWHVWDQG,¶YHKDGIXQVRVHH\RXQH[W
WLPH,8'8%
%HDXWLIXOFRQWHVWP\ILUVWSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQDQ577<
FRQWHVW,=*84
)LUVW577<&RQWHVW,WZDVDORWRIIXQDQG,ORRNIRUZDUG
WRZRUNLQJLWDJDLQ«$(('
)LUVW577<FRQWHVW0XFKIXQ.$=
7KLVLVP\ILUVWFRQWHVWRQP\RZQDQGZDVDEODVW
.$31/
3HUFHQWDJHRI462VE\EDQG 0\ILUVW&4::577<FRQWHVW,KDGDORWRIIXQ.',/$
)LUVWFRQWHVWHQWU\RWKHUWKDQ)LHOG'D\DQGILUVW577<
$FWLYLW\FRQWLQXHGWKHWUHQGWRZDUGORZHUIUHTXHQF\EDQGV FRQWHVW123(
ZLWKDERXWWKHVDPHQXPEHURIWRWDO462VPLOOLRQDVLQ VW&4::577<)%WHVW:&7
UHFHQW \HDUV 3DUWLFLSDWLRQ DQG VXEPLWWHG ORJV LQFUHDVHG )LUVWWLPHXVLQJ577<PRGH±WKDWZDVIXQ:73
VOLJKWO\GHVSLWHWKHLQFUHGLEOHSRSXODULW\RIWKHQHZ)7GLJ
LWDOPRGHV577<FRQWHVWDFWLYLW\LVRQSDUZLWKUHFHQW\HDUV Single-Op High Power (470 logs received)
DQGFXUUHQWSURSDJDWLRQ 6LQJOH2S$OO%DQG+LJK3RZHU (G3;:<.
7KHUHZHUHGLIIHUHQWFRXQWULHVDFWLYHDQG';&&ZDV ZRQ ZLWK PLOOLRQ 0 SRLQWV DIWHU ZLQQLQJ 62$% /3 LQ
ZRUNHGE\VHYHUDOVWDWLRQVRQDVLQJOHEDQG6LQJOHEDQG
PHWHUZLQQHU,45<WLHGZLWKWKHPHWHUSRVLWLRQDW
0XOWL0XOWL$$ZLWKFRXQWULHV$$WRSSHGWKHRWKHU
IRXUEDQGVZLWKFRXQWULHVDVZHOO7KLUW\VHYHQ]RQHVZHUH
ZRUNHGE\WZRVWDWLRQVRQPHWHUV,4)&DQG,45<$V
LQ WKH KLJKHVW QXPEHU RI VLQJOHEDQG 462V ZDV
DFKLHYHGE\&5';RQPHWHUVZLWK7KHKLJKHVW
QXPEHURIVLQJOHEDQG869(47+VZDVE\+4;RQ
PHWHUVZKRDOVROHGRQZLWK.6)$DQG19/KDG
WKHPRVWRQPHWHUVZLWKHDFK.&7WRSSHGZLWK
DQG 3; KDG IRU WKH KLJK RQ PHWHUV 2YHUDOO
$$KDGWKHPRVW462VGRZQDERXWIURPWKHLU
WRSQXPEHU$$DOVROHGZLWKPXOWLSOLHUVGRZQ
IURPWKHSRVWHGODVW\HDU$$KDGWKHPRVWFRXQWULHV
DQG]RQHVZKLOH3;KDGWKHPRVW869(47+V
7KHVHQXPEHUVDUHDOODELWGRZQIURP
(PDLOZ\N#FTZZUWW\FRP %RE:&2RSHUDWLQJ0XOWL7ZRVWDWLRQ:*+

:DQGHUOH\ ==7 3<01/
WRRN VHFRQG ZLWK 0 IROORZHG E\
5DPRQ 3=5$ ZLWK 0 $QGULXV
/<= ZLWK 0 $WDQDV /=5 ZLWK
0 DQG 1LFN (0, 87,= ZLWK
0<XUL5*$ZDVQH[WDQGILUVWLQ
$VLD ZLWK 0 .HQ 9.4+ ZRQ
2FHDQLDZLWK0DQG5DQG\.='
WRSSHG1RUWK$PHULFDZLWK0
6LQJOH2S 0HWHUV +LJK 3RZHU
7RO\ 8;; 87;4 ZRQ ZLWK
.
9LQNR6)ZLWK.HGJHGRXW
7LQH6$ZLWK.
-DQ2/$2.=$:ZRQZLWK
.DQG-XOLR<:.<9..WRRN 0DVD-+8<%HQWHUHGWKH62$%$VVLVWHG+LJK3RZHUFDWHJRU\
VHFRQGZLWK.
0DUFHOR &:0$; &;'. &4::577<7523+<:,11(56$1''21256
ZRQ ZLWK . GRZQ DJDLQ IURP KLV 6,1*/(23(5$725+,*+ 32:(5
:RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\<DQNHH&OLSSHU&RQWHVW&OXE:LQQHU3;RS(G0XQV:<.
ZLQQLQJ VFRUH $QWRQLR &57 1RUWK$PHULFD 6SRQVRUHGE\'LFN:LOVRQ./51 &DURO\Q:LOVRQ.7.':LQQHU5DQG\7KRPSVRQ.='
&7(69ZDVVHFRQGZLWK. 86$ 6SRQVRUHGE\.HYLQ5RZHWW.7':LQQHU6WHSKHQ:HUQHU$*:
6LQJOH2S0HWHU+LJK3RZHU 86$±WK&DOO$UHD 6SRQVRUHGE\+DQN/RQEHUJ.5;:LQQHU7RP:KLWWHG1*3
&KXFN:35ZRQZLWK.DQGOHVV 6,1*/(23(5$725/2: 32:(5
WKDQ462VSHUKRXURISHUVHYHUDQFH :RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\5LFK&DG\1,;):LQQHU=0RS$OHNVDQGHU:LHF]RUHN6480
1RUWK$PHULFD 6SRQVRUHGE\-RVHSK<RXQJ:5//:LQQHU<XUL2QLSNR9('=
86$ 6SRQVRUHGE\.HYLQ5RZHWW.7':LQQHU5LFK&DG\1,;)
Single Operator Low Power
6,1*/(23(5$725453
(1,217 logs received) :RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\.HYLQGHU.LQGHUHQ177:LQQHU5XGROI5XIIHU'.+$
6LQJOH2S$OO%DQG/RZ3RZHU
6,1*/(23(5$725$66,67(' +,*+ 32:(5
$OH[=06480 ZRQZLWK0 :RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\/DNVKPDQ³/XFN\´%LMDQNL98/%::LQQHU3:RS$QGUH\6DFKNRY/=+0
EDUHO\WRSSLQJ)LOLSH&7,/7DOVRZLWK (XURSH 6SRQVRUHGE\'LPLWUL&RVVRQ)'6.:LQQHU614RS.U]\V]WRI6RERQ63*,4
07KLUGZDV<XUL9('=ZLWK. 1RUWK$PHULFD 6SRQVRUHGE\-RKQ:HEVWHU1166:LQQHU%XG7UHQFK$$%
86$ 6SRQVRUHGE\%XG*RYHUQDOH://:LQQHU$ODQ)LHOGV.'77
)RXUWKZDV5LFK1,;)ZLWK.DQG
ILIWKZDV+HOGHU&52&7$-/ZLWK 6,1*/(23(5$725$66,67(' /2: 32:(5
:RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\-LP%DUURQ:%$$$:LQQHU70=RS'LPLWUL&RVVRQ)'6.
. 1H[W ZHUH 6FKXOH 8$ (XURSH 6SRQVRUHGE\3DW0R\HU:5*$:LQQHU70<RS6HEDVWLHQ6DXYDQQHW)%'4
+%5% ZLWK 5LFKDUG $$0)
ZLWK . 'LUN 21&7 ZLWK . 6,1*/(23(5$7256,1*/( %$1'
:RUOG0+]+LJK3RZHU 6SRQVRUHGE\6WHYH³6LG´&DHVDU1+&:LQQHU0DUFHOR(JHV&:0$;
0DWW :*2 ZLWK . DQG -XUJLV 1RUWK$PHULFD0+]+LJK3RZHU 6SRQVRUHGE\3DWULFN:6RLOHDX1'&:LQQHU0LNH/LVHQFR1<%%
/<<ZLWK. :RUOG0+]+LJK3RZHU 6SRQVRUHGE\-RKQ:HEVWHU1166:LQQHU9LQNR*UHJRUFLF6)
(XURSH0+]/RZ3RZHU 6SRQVRUHGE\-RKQ:HEVWHU1166:LQQHU2.7RS0DUWLQ%RKDGOR2.:&)
6LQJOH2S0HWHU/RZ3RZHU
*HUDUG)%(*ZRQZLWK.IROORZHG 08/7,23(5$7256,1*/(75$160,77(5+,*+ 32:(5
E\(YJHQL=81ZLWK.DQG2OLYLHU :RUOG 6SRQVRUHG E\ 3/ &RQWHVW &OXE FRXUWHV\ RI .7' :LQQHU ,4)& RSV +%&$7 ,(:+ ,,)/
,.'&:,.+95,.0*3,.:0+,8)12,:)9=,=1,&
)$..ZLWK. (XURSH 6SRQVRUHGE\($&RQWHVW&OXE:LQQHU/=5RSV./=/=-=/=8./=')/='%2(*+9
6LQJOH2S 0HWHU /RZ 3RZHU 2(:/-60=:
1RUWK$PHULFD 6SRQVRUHGE\6WHYH-DUUHWW.)-:LQQHU993RSV9939&4
0DUWLQ 2.7 2.:&) ZRQ 86$ 6SRQVRUHGE\-DFN6DWWHUWKZDLWH..*:LQQHU./5RSV.*3./$::6.,91$$.55
ZLWK.DQG6DP/<:ZDVVHFRQG .8$11%./5
ZLWK.
08/7,23(5$7256,1*/(75$160,77(5/2: 32:(5
6LQJOH2S 0HWHU /RZ 3RZHU :RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\-DPLH7ROEHUW::6:LQQHU,7%/%RSV,8=$,7%/%,79'4,7=0;
6XOL =6- ZRQ ZLWK . IRO
08/7,23(5$72508/7,7:275$160,77(5
ORZHG FORVHO\ E\ 9LWRU 3<1< ZLWK :RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\(G0XQV:<.:LQQHU&5';RSV&7%'&7'=&7(1&7):,&646
. 5LFDUGR ($37 ZLWK . 20.:205020/:
$PHG &2$0( ZLWK . 9ODG (XURSH 6SRQVRUHGE\6DQGL6SLQGOHU6.:LQQHU6:RSV6',6''6,6106'5
66.6;=6.
81/1 ZLWK . DQG 9DO 85< 86$ 6SRQVRUHGE\-RKQ/RFNKDUW:'&:LQQHU.&7RSV1&.155$,7.15.:;.&7
86<:ZLWK.
08/7,23(5$72508/7,75$160,77(5
6LQJOH2S0HWHU/RZ3RZHU :RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\0LNH7URZEULGJH.$558:LQQHU$$RSV$:$$$$$&$525
*XLOKHUPH3<8'ZRQZLWK. $$
6LQJOH2S0HWHU/RZ3RZHU 1RUWK$PHULFD 6SRQVRUHGE\.HYLQ5RZHWW.7':LQQHU1RW$ZDUGHG1RQRQ86$&DQDGD00HQWUDQWWKLV
FRQWHVW
7DNHVKL-)29$ZRQZLWKSRLQWV 86$ 6SRQVRUHGE\%ULDQ0RUDQ1$'*:LQQHU.6)$#.777RSV.0..1=.6)$.777.,:
DQG462V :72:$899
&/8% &203(7,7,21
Single Operator QRP (84 logs :RUOG 6SRQVRUHGE\3RWRPDF9DOOH\5DGLR&OXE:LQQHU%DYDULDQ&RQWHVW&OXE
1RUWK$PHULFD 6SRQVRUHGE\1RUWKHUQ&DOLIRUQLD&RQWHVW&OXE:LQQHU3RWRPDF9DOOH\5DGLR&OXE
received)
6LQJOH2S$OO%DQG4533RZHU 3ODTXHVSRQVRUVDVRISXEOLFDWLRQGDWH$GGLWLRQDOSODTXHVPD\EHVSRQVRUHG
5XGROI '.+$ ZRQ DJDLQ ZLWK .

7236&25(6
WORLD 14 MHz 9M2SAF ................................56,430 WØJW.................................239,652 14 MHz 14 MHz

SINGLE OPERATOR R4IM...................................168,399 HS5XWY ...............................23,985 NY3B...................................233,230 OL9A (OK2ZAW) .................586,401 YU1NR ..................................56,180
HIGH POWER ALL BAND IK3TPP................................164,294 9M2TDX..................................6,929 KØRC ..................................184,260 IZ1PKV................................380,000 LY5G.....................................13,600
P49X (WØYK) ..................5,590,480 WA1FCN..............................147,686 9M2CDX..................................1,853 UA6CE.................................255,045 RW3AI ..................................12,137
ZZ2T (PY2MNL) ...............2,180,996 14 MHz
PZ5RA..............................2,057,643 7 MHz ROOKIE WA1FCN..............................147,686 7 MHz 7 MHz
LY7Z ................................1,851,116 Z33F....................................116,207 SINGLE OPERATOR K1JSM ..................................50,467 S53F....................................590,178 OK2VWB ...............................37,572
LZ9R ................................1,580,140 IK4RVG ...............................100,108 LOW POWER W5DCC (NK5G).....................22,630 S5ØA...................................526,384 ON3DI ...................................31,689
LZ1QV...................................90,720 YFØTUR ..............................278,160 LY1FW ................................222,902 EW8G....................................21,500
AA4LS.................................180,075 7 MHz
28 MHz
3.5 MHz PY2FRQ ..............................159,594 AB9YC...................................23,068 3.5 MHz 3.5 MHz
W5PR......................................7,744
EB3CW................................129,168 YC7YGR ..............................150,535 UX2X (UT2XQ) ....................186,340 YT5YTT .................................17,342
K4WI .......................................5,124
LZ5XQ...................................74,880 OD5ZF .................................146,200 SINGLE OPERATOR IZØKBR ...............................121,600 PAØAWH.................................3,306
NH2DX (KG6DX) .....................2,912
G8X (G4FJK) .........................73,800 QRP ALL BAND SO9I (SQ9ORQ) ..................107,692 YT9WW...................................1,968
CLASSIC K2YG...................................143,154
21 MHz SINGLE OPERATOR SINGLE OPERATOR W6QU (W8QZA)..................122,040 SINGLE OPERATOR
LOW POWER ALL BAND
CW4MAX ............................384,394 QRP ALL BAND HIGH POWER AA8OY ..................................33,579 QRP ASSISTED ALL BAND
3Z9M (SQ9UM)................1,177,177
CR6T (CT1ESV)...................113,221 DK7HA ................................282,132 RG9A ...............................1,197,616 NØUR....................................16,170 MM3AWD ...........................429,624
CT1ILT .............................1,169,754
LU5VV...................................84,778 K2YG...................................143,154 I4JED ..................................838,572 N7RCS ..................................12,348 IZ8JFL .................................406,886
CR5O (CT7AJL)...................654,724
YO9BCM .............................135,432 MW2I (GW4FRE) ................727,536 YU1LM (/QRP) ....................194,928
4U1A (HB9RB) ....................636,260
14 MHz W6QU (W8QZA)..................122,040 YPØC (YO3CZW).................636,225 14 MHz PE2K .....................................72,590
ON4CT ................................588,848
OL9A (OK2ZAW) .................586,401 UX2MF ................................105,357 DJ3NG ................................410,592 WE6EZ ..................................20,280 SV9/DJ9XB (DJ9XB) .............70,336
YW1K (YV1KK) ...................581,664 N8URE ....................................3,159
IZ1PKV................................380,000 21 MHz
21 MHz CLASSIC 21 MHz
YT8A .....................................17,334
YO3LW....................................5,535 SINGLE OPERATOR 7 MHz R7TU.....................................10,560
7 MHz IZ7UMS.................................11,092
JR1NKN ..................................5,148 LOW POWER KH6KG/W5............................15,549 HA3JB .....................................9,936
S53F....................................590,178 DL5PW....................................5,616
JR2EKD...................................2,616 VE3DZ..............................1,056,062 OT6M (ON9CC) ..........................816
S5ØA...................................526,384 ON4CT ................................588,848 3.5 MHz
LY1FW ................................222,902 14 MHz
14 MHz TI2OY..................................557,568 WD9FTZ ..................................5,265 14 MHz
UR2Y (USØYW) ..................202,750
YU1NR ..................................56,180 HP3SS ................................358,743 K3TW ......................................2,320 OQ4B (ON4BHQ)...................34,800
3.5 MHz MIØSAI ...............................118,874
WE6EZ ..................................20,280 R7MM .................................343,294 YU1RH ..................................15,060
UX2X (UT2XQ) ....................186,340 LZ2JA....................................74,060
LY5G.....................................13,600 SINGLE OPERATOR HA3HX ..................................14,365
IZØKBR ...............................121,600 QRP ASSISTED 7 MHz
7 MHz
SO9I (SQ9ORQ) ..................107,692 7 MHz UNITED STATES W4ER......................................5,537 7 MHz
OK6T (OK1WCF) .................251,518
OK2VWB ...............................37,572 SINGLE OPERATOR IZ7FLP ................................155,788
LY5W ..................................138,780
LOW POWER ALL BAND ON3DI ...................................31,689 HIGH POWER ALL BAND MULTI-OPERATOR LZ3RR...................................73,508
I3PXN....................................94,367
3Z9M (SQ9UM)................1,177,177 EW8G....................................21,500 K5ZD...................................992,628 SINGLE TRANSMITTER HG6C (HA6IAM)....................24,384
CT1ILT .............................1,169,754 AG4W..................................678,506 HIGH POWER
3.5 MHz
VE3DZ..............................1,056,062 3.5 MHz WX8C/Ø ..............................599,625 K3LR................................2,563,484 3.5 MHz
F5BEG ...................................91,014
N1IXF ..................................705,348 YT5YTT .................................17,342 WI9WI.................................392,980 NV9L................................1,606,688 OK6K (OK5IM) ......................24,424
F1AKK ...................................81,244
CR5O (CT7AJL)...................654,724 WD9FTZ ..................................5,265 W3RGA ...............................383,625 W7WW.............................1,290,210 IZ3IBL ...................................19,533
OK2HBR................................56,320
PAØAWH.................................3,306 NA7TB..............................1,274,898 UT8UU ....................................2,072
28 MHz 28 MHz KU1CW ............................1,057,968
ASSISTED
JF1OVA ......................................231 SINGLE OPERATOR W5PR......................................7,744 MULTI-OPERATOR
HIGH POWER ALL BAND
QRP ASSISTED ALL BAND K4WI .......................................5,124 MULTI-OPERATOR SINGLE TRANSMITTER
SN7Q (SP7GIQ) ...............3,107,940
21 MHz MM3AWD ...........................429,624 SINGLE TRANSMITTER HIGH POWER
UW1M (UR5MW).............2,771,055
PY2UD ................................131,100 IZ8JFL .................................406,886 21 MHz LOW POWER IQ4FC ...............................5,061,250
IQ2CJ (IT9RGY) ...............2,646,900
PX2M (PY2XC) .....................51,243 YU1LM................................194,928 K3KG.....................................32,088 NA5NN ................................697,300 LZ5R ................................4,412,550
S57AW.............................1,174,716
PU2WDX ...............................32,550 PE2K .....................................72,590 W1QK..................................449,700 EM2Q ...............................3,243,230
OH2HAN...........................1,112,150
SV9/DJ9XB (DJ9XB) .............70,336 14 MHz W9JWC ...............................165,536 S53S ................................3,222,804
14 MHz N2YBB ..................................70,818 K2OAK ..................................57,354 HG7T................................2,175,952
21 MHz 4U1WB (AJ3M).....................58,140 AE7K .......................................1,344 21 MHz
7Z1SJ..................................318,351
R7TU.....................................10,560 AI3Q......................................30,310 9A5D (9A3VM)....................129,504 MULTI-OPERATOR
PY2NY ................................299,744
HA3JB.....................................9,936 YU5R (YT2AAA)....................82,398 SINGLE TRANSMITTER
EA8PT .................................273,180
OT6M (ON9CC) ..........................816 7 MHz MULTI-OPERATOR UT2G (UR7GO) .....................74,760 LOW POWER
7 MHz W8TOM.................................27,927 TWO TRANSMITTER IT9BLB .............................2,189,763
OK6T (OK1WCF) .................251,518 14 MHz KG9Z.....................................17,040 K9CT ................................2,199,132 14 MHz IQ3RK ..............................1,406,784
LY5W ..................................138,780 OQ4B (ON4BHQ)...................34,800 W6RKC .................................10,240 WØLSD ............................1,416,576 IQ1RY (IZ1LBG) ..................786,111 DD1A ...............................1,240,706
I3PXN....................................94,367 YU1RH ..................................15,060 W3GH ..............................1,283,355 HA8JV .................................596,717 CS5CRE ...........................1,167,790
HA3HX ..................................14,365 3.5 MHz KØOO ...............................1,011,528 DK3T (DK4EE).....................394,914 9A7T ................................1,079,568
K4FJ......................................28,466 NW8S..................................960,514
3.5 MHz
7 MHz NØOK ......................................7,000 7 MHz MULTI-OPERATOR
F5BEG ...................................91,014
IZ7FLP ................................155,788 MULTI-OPERATOR I4AVG..................................539,240 TWO TRANSMITTER
4Z5UN...................................83,214
LZ3RR...................................73,508 LOW POWER ALL BAND MULTI-TRANSMITTER F4DVX .................................460,795 S5ØW...............................3,853,068
F1AKK ...................................81,244
HG6C (HA6IAM)....................24,384 N1IXF ..................................705,348 K1SFA ..............................3,557,940 Z35T....................................329,130 LX7I .................................3,836,308
AA2MF ................................612,766 NR4M...............................2,191,132 S51A ................................3,264,066
ASSISTED 3.5 MHz W4GO .................................572,782 N6WM..............................1,606,895 OMØM .............................3,030,318
3.5 MHz
HIGH POWER ALL BAND OK6K (OK5IM) ......................24,424 N7IR....................................406,692 IQ4FA ...............................3,001,185
OK3C (OK2ZC) ....................181,230
P33W (LZ2HM)................4,510,000 IZ3IBL ...................................19,533 NU4E...................................304,440 ROOKIE R7AB...................................127,017
SN7Q (SP7GIQ) ...............3,107,940 UT8UU ....................................2,072 SINGLE OPERATOR MULTI-OPERATOR
HA8BE.................................121,432
UW1M (UR5MW).............2,771,055 21 MHz LOW POWER MULTI-TRANSMITTER
IQ2CJ (IT9RGY) ...............2,646,900 MULTI-OPERATOR N3GH ......................................3,444 AA4LS.................................180,075 9A1A ................................7,068,236
ASSISTED
AA3B................................2,578,576 SINGLE TRANSMITTER K5ND ......................................2,190 KK5JD ...................................89,646 HG1S ...............................3,630,896
LOW POWER ALL BAND
HIGH POWER W5MMW...............................46,500 TM3Z (F4DSK) .................1,969,506 I3VRD ..............................1,038,916
28 MHz IQ4FC ...............................5,061,250 14 MHz AA8SW..................................44,998 TM7Y (F8BDQ)....................682,660
N6SS.......................................2,604 LZ5R ................................4,412,550 W4LC ....................................90,016 KN4LKC ................................41,540 I2BRT..................................671,132 ROOKIE
EM2Q ...............................3,243,230 AB1J .....................................64,400 DL9YAJ ...............................649,931 SINGLE OPERATOR
21 MHz S53S ................................3,222,804 KF6RY (W6ZL) ......................24,210 CLASSIC UT8EL .................................573,600 HIGH POWER ALL BAND
CV7S (CX7SS) ....................295,393 K3LR................................2,563,484 SINGLE OPERATOR RA4HL ....................................1,736
LO5D (LU9ESD) ..................255,500 7 MHz HIGH POWER 21 MHz
9A5D (9A3VM)....................129,504 MULTI-OPERATOR AE4ED...................................61,586 WI9WI.................................392,980 R7DA ....................................12,169 ROOKIE
SINGLE TRANSMITTER W2VTV..................................23,630 W3RGA ...............................383,625 SINGLE OPERATOR
14 MHz LOW POWER W9LU....................................14,616 K4ADR ................................351,260 14 MHz LOW POWER
IQ1RY (IZ1LBG) ..................786,111 IT9BLB .............................2,189,763 N6JV ...................................338,640 R4IM ...................................168,399 SV8OVH ..............................120,733
HA8JV .................................596,717 IQ3RK ..............................1,406,784 ASSISTED N3RC ..................................256,486 IK3TPP................................164,294 IU5ICR ................................119,808
WW4LL ...............................408,558 DD1A ...............................1,240,706 HIGH POWER ALL BAND RU4SS ................................132,396 R2PU ....................................72,416
CS5CRE ...........................1,167,790 AA3B................................2,578,576 CLASSIC OG8T (OH8TV) ......................57,132
7 MHz 9A7T ................................1,079,568 K6DTT/1...........................1,400,100 SINGLE OPERATOR 7 MHz UB3PDW ...............................52,488
I4AVG..................................539,240 N3QE................................1,372,820 LOW POWER Z33F....................................116,207 CLASSIC
F4DVX .................................460,795 MULTI-OPERATOR K6LL ................................1,147,450 NU4E...................................304,440 IK4RVG ...............................100,108 SINGLE OPERATOR
Z35T....................................329,130 TWO TRANSMITTER W3FIZ .................................984,192 NN5T...................................169,120 LZ1QV...................................90,720 HIGH POWER
CR3DX .............................7,742,862 AE1P ...................................159,570 I4JED ..................................838,572
3.5 MHz S5ØW...............................3,853,068 28 MHz K9CW..................................135,876 3.5 MHz MW2I (GW4FRE) ................727,536
OK3C (OK2ZC) ....................181,230 LX7I .................................3,836,308 N6SS.......................................2,604 KF4FC..................................117,384 EB3CW................................129,168 YPØC (YO3CZW).................636,225
R7AB...................................127,017 HQ9X ...............................3,539,646 LZ5XQ...................................74,880 DJ3NG ................................410,592
HA8BE.................................121,432 S51A ................................3,264,066 14 MHz G8X (G4FJK) .........................73,800 ES4RD ................................351,190
WW4LL ...............................408,558 EUROPE
ASSISTED MULTI-OPERATOR W9ILY .................................208,772 SINGLE OPERATOR SINGLE OPERATOR CLASSIC
LOW POWER ALL BAND MULTI-TRANSMITTER AA5AU ................................188,635 HIGH POWER ALL BAND QRP ALL BAND SINGLE OPERATOR
TM3Z (F4DSK) .................1,969,506 9A1A ................................7,068,236 LY7Z ................................1,851,116 DK7HA ................................282,132 LOW POWER
VA3DF .................................731,688 CR3W...............................5,753,769 7 MHz LZ9R ................................1,580,140 YO9BCM .............................135,432 ON4CT ................................588,848
TM7Y (F8BDQ)....................682,660 HG1S ...............................3,630,896 NN9DD................................161,536 EMØI (UT2IZ)...................1,542,378 UX2MF ................................105,357 R7MM .................................343,294
I2BRT..................................671,132 K1SFA ..............................3,557,940 WØGJ..................................112,005 UV5U (UX1UA) ................1,013,446 OK2FD...................................91,670 SP9H...................................304,648
DL9YAJ ...............................649,931 NR4M...............................2,191,132 K7WP....................................74,880 I4JED ..................................838,572 RT4W....................................86,944 IW2MXY..............................261,360
IK1RGK ...............................231,081
21 MHz ROOKIE ASSISTED 21 MHz 21 MHz
CE3CBM................................29,273 SINGLE OPERATOR LOW POWER ALL BAND CR6T (CT1ESV)...................113,221 YO3LW....................................5,535
YC2YSW ...............................19,008 HIGH POWER ALL BAND KS1J ...................................351,833 LZ1ND...................................83,076 OK1LV.....................................2,430
R7DA ....................................12,169 VU2ZMK..............................245,280 W3KB..................................279,300 YO3VU ..................................31,570 UR1YDD.....................................684

BAND-BY-BAND BREAKDOWN—TOP ALL BAND SCORES
Number groups indicate: QSOs, Countries, Zones, US/VE on each band
WORLD USA
TOP SINGLE OPERATOR ALL BAND SINGLE OPERATOR ALL BAND
Station 80 40 20 15 10 K5ZD 170/11/27/34 323/15/45/36 786/23/65/44 75/11/21/15 2/1/1/2
P49X 410/16/43/48 971/24/68/53 1408/24/73/58 564/15/30/51 94/13/16/28 *N1IXF 100/6/11/29 418/15/45/42 529/20/63/38 49/11/17/9 2/2/2/1
ZZ2T 40/10/19/10 360/19/55/36 637/21/59/50 514/19/61/42 121/13/19/25 AG4W 214/12/14/41 460/21/47/46 471/19/54/47 76/10/17/18 0/0/0/0
PZ5RA 17/4/12/3 326/17/45/44 1043/23/69/49 357/18/39/41 52/8/9/18 *AA2MF 197/10/10/39 518/17/44/49 667/17/57/52 32/9/9/9 0/0/0/0
LY7Z 567/13/60/3 850/26/83/10 639/31/88/31 97/15/45/0 6/2/5/0 WX8C/Ø 131/8/8/33 261/17/30/39 567/20/63/45 78/12/17/21 7/5/6/1
LZ9R 321/12/57/3 560/25/81/19 733/30/82/29 180/17/45/0 8/4/6/0
SINGLE OPERATOR ASSISTED ALL BAND
AA3B 396/17/48/45 745/22/76/54 1084/26/92/53 221/17/37/30 21/8/8/6
P33W 472/15/60/6 1046/26/93/34 1358/31/86/40 267/23/58/1 53/5/22/0
K6DTT/1 107/11/28/27 495/22/71/42 908/26/83/43 32/11/18/8 0/0/0/0
SN7Q 557/19/69/15 845/29/89/33 1167/31/98/46 65/16/46/0 24/4/15/0
N3QE 337/16/35/47 596/21/57/51 775/21/72/51 49/8/12/16 5/2/1/5
UW1M 392/15/60/10 1050/28/90/26 1130/29/92/34 203/18/45/0 16/5/11/0
K6LL 114/13/13/43 492/25/46/52 868/26/67/56 216/15/22/35 23/6/10/4
IQ2CJ 525/16/66/12 824/29/94/33 822/33/97/48 174/18/56/2 14/4/11/0
W3FIZ 177/11/21/33 433/20/64/39 727/22/73/38 44/9/12/10 0/0/0/0
AA3B 396/17/48/45 745/22/76/54 1084/26/92/53 221/17/37/30 21/8/8/6
MULTI-OPERATOR SINGLE TRANSMITTER MULTI-OPERATOR SINGLE TRANSMITTER

IQ4FC 383/19/69/22 1139/32/100/47 1567/37/107/57 284/25/72/7 31/5/26/0 K3LR 281/17/42/47 861/25/74/52 1107/31/90/55 117/17/31/32 30/9/9/8
LZ5R 517/22/74/19 1225/29/99/38 1275/32/99/44 379/24/69/2 55/4/20/0 NV9L 295/16/23/47 410/22/52/56 1051/28/83/54 69/16/27/26 13/8/9/5
EM2Q 508/15/65/4 1138/29/98/25 1353/33/97/35 204/19/52/0 6/2/4/0 W7WW 215/17/18/46 753/26/46/55 805/25/63/55 116/17/22/28 14/6/9/2
S53S 532/18/70/16 860/29/95/41 1013/34/102/48 152/22/65/5 18/5/16/0 NA7TB 332/17/23/48 547/23/40/53 859/27/73/54 124/14/19/30 10/4/6/0
K3LR 281/17/42/47 861/25/74/52 1107/31/90/55 117/17/31/32 30/9/9/8 KU1CW 177/14/15/40 616/26/40/51 780/25/68/52 55/8/9/17 4/3/3/1
MULTI-OPERATOR TWO TRANSMITTER MULTI-OPERATOR TWO TRANSMITTER

CR3DX 534/19/65/36 1389/29/86/49 2066/32/100/56 475/22/73/28 10/4/7/0 K9CT 493/14/17/53 844/24/59/55 1138/26/74/52 252/17/32/38 18/7/7/6
S5ØW 710/15/64/11 1089/30/97/41 1029/32/100/43 295/19/62/7 44/5/21/0 WØLSD 353/13/13/49 718/23/49/52 904/23/72/55 122/13/21/28 28/8/9/6
LX7I 793/20/71/15 1129/26/92/35 1082/32/98/50 207/13/49/12 31/3/13/0 W3GH 303/13/21/48 520/17/43/52 1042/27/78/52 102/10/16/18 0/0/0/0
HQ9X 357/18/38/51 702/22/55/51 1448/28/80/58 526/20/31/51 39/9/9/10 KØOO 257/15/35/41 431/21/56/50 536/26/83/46 125/13/20/21 13/8/7/4
S51A 790/14/62/11 981/28/92/34 944/33/97/43 221/20/58/8 26/4/18/0 NW8S 306/10/15/41 543/20/49/54 677/17/57/50 38/12/17/10 4/3/3/0
MULTI-OPERATOR MULTI-TRANSMITTER MULTI-OPERATOR MULTI-TRANSMITTER

9A1A 970/20/75/25 1589/31/107/44 1525/36/108/56 500/25/74/14 106/6/37/0 K1SFA 555/17/53/48 942/24/73/56 1455/28/89/55 250/17/42/34 64/9/11/14
CR3W 526/14/56/23 1293/25/77/39 1858/29/90/51 307/19/55/6 37/4/9/0 NR4M 370/14/35/46 812/20/67/52 1242/27/80/51 82/14/21/18 23/7/7/7
HG1S 652/15/66/5 1110/27/94/35 1085/31/88/44 293/22/60/7 23/4/16/0 N6WM 363/17/19/50 804/24/43/54 803/27/59/55 264/14/20/38 33/9/11/5
K1SFA 555/17/53/48 942/24/73/56 1455/28/89/55 250/17/42/34 64/9/11/14
NR4M 370/14/35/46 812/20/67/52 1242/27/80/51 82/14/21/18 23/7/7/7
DQG 'DYH .<* WRRN VHFRQG ZLWK . %LOO :48 DQGPHWHUV7KHQKHFDOOVLQWKHOHVVFURZGHGSRU
:4=$ ZDV QH[W ZLWK . WKHQ 9LUJLO <2%&0 ZLWK WLRQVRIWKHEDQGVDQGORRNVIRUVWDWLRQVZLWKRXWPDQ\FDOOHUV
.DQG6HUJH8;0)ZLWK.9LUJLO<2%&0LVYHU\ 6LQJOH2S 0HWHU 453 $OHNVDQGDU <7<77 ZRQ
SDVVLRQDWHDERXW453FRQWHVWLQJ+HFDUHIXOO\SLFNVWKHEHVW ZLWK.
SURSDJDWLRQKRXUVIRUHDFKEDQG+HPRVWO\FRQFHQWUDWHGRQ 6LQJOH2S0HWHU453 :LHVODZ2.9:%ZRQZLWK
.DQG3LHWHU21',ZDVVHFRQGZLWK.
6LQJOH2S0HWHU453 5DWNR<815ZRQDJDLQ
ZLWK.5DOI:((=ZDVVHFRQGZLWK.DQGRQO\RQH
VWDWHDSSDUHQWO\QRWUHDOL]LQJ86VWDWHVDQG9(DUHDVDUH
PXOWLSOLHUVLQWKLVFRQWHVW
6LQJOH2S 0HWHU 453 &ULVWLDQ <2/: ZRQ ZLWK
.DQG$WVXVKL-51.1WRRNVHFRQGZLWK.
Single-Op Assisted High Power (597 logs received

6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG$OO%DQG+LJK3RZHU 3:ZDV
SLORWHG E\ $QGUH\ /=+0 WR ZLQ ZLWK 0 .ULV 614
63*,4ZDVVHFRQGZLWK0IROORZHGE\9LFWRU8:0
850:ZLWK0*DEU\,4&-,75*<ZLWK0DQG
%XG$$%ZLWK00DVD-+8<%ZDVWK ZLWK0
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0+LJK3RZHU /XGHN2.&
2.=&ZRQZLWK.$OH[5$%ZDVQG ZLWK.IRO
ORZHGE\%HOH+$%(ZLWK.5REHUW9<:$-ZLWK
.DQG8ZH'/%4$DOVRZLWK.
6LQJOH2S $VVLVWHG 0 +LJK 3RZHU * )UDQFR
,$9*ZRQZLWK.IROORZHGE\%DPED)'9;ZLWK.
2]UHQ =7 ZLWK . $OH[ (95 ZLWK . 7RP
*0)'0ZLWK.6DOYDWRUH,5.,7'6=ZLWK.
%LOO:4=$FDPHLQUG SODFHLQ62$3453FDWHJRU\IURP DQG,YR6&.ZLWK.
:48 6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0+LJK3RZHU )LOLSSR,45<

723 6&25(6 ,1 9(5< $&7,9( =21(6
=RQH =06480

EUROPE 1,5 ,-('
SINGLE OPERATOR ALL BAND 1*3 ,79&(
LY7Z 567/13/60/3 850/26/83/10 639/31/88/31 97/15/45/0 6/2/5/0 1-9 8$+%5%
LZ9R 321/12/57/3 560/25/81/19 733/30/82/29 180/17/45/0 8/4/6/0
15&
EMØI 323/9/51/0 743/20/70/17 950/27/80/30 98/14/36/0 0/0/0/0
:;4 =RQH
*3Z9M 522/9/52/3 673/19/70/15 379/28/79/26 82/13/33/0 2/1/1/0
(0,87,=
*CT1ILT 174/8/38/7 423/11/51/29 768/20/59/42 196/13/31/18 4/2/2/0
=RQH 8988;8$
9('= 8<9$
$*: 87(33
SN7Q 557/19/69/15 845/29/89/33 1167/31/98/46 65/16/46/0 24/4/15/0
:;& (:';
UW1M 392/15/60/10 1050/28/90/26 1130/29/92/34 203/18/45/0 16/5/11/0
9(7:
:,:, =RQH
IQ2CJ 525/16/66/12 824/29/94/33 822/33/97/48 174/18/56/2 14/4/11/0
/=5
*TM3Z 553/11/58/9 891/27/86/35 516/29/89/41 82/11/32/0 16/3/10/0
=RQH <3&<2&=:
S57AW 310/11/58/2 357/24/87/21 425/33/102/41 81/17/40/0 12/3/8/0
.=' <2+68
1,;) 69(;8
MULTI-OPERATOR SINGLE TRANSMITTER
$$0) 2'=)
IQ4FC 383/19/69/22 1139/32/100/47 1567/37/107/57 284/25/72/7 31/5/26/0
:*2
LZ5R 517/22/74/19 1225/29/99/38 1275/32/99/44 379/24/69/2 55/4/20/0
9(*62 =RQH
EM2Q 508/15/65/4 1138/29/98/25 1353/33/97/35 204/19/52/0 6/2/4/0
=RQH -$$&0
S53S 532/18/70/16 860/29/95/41 1013/34/102/48 152/22/65/5 18/5/16/0
&7,/7 -$$<2
*IT9BLB 322/12/58/9 480/27/89/36 844/32/92/48 179/21/60/6 100/7/24/0
+%72& 184&
0:,*:)5( -$75
MULTI-OPERATOR TWO TRANSMITTER
&52&7$-/ -$+%)
S5ØW 710/15/64/11 1089/30/97/41 1029/32/100/43 295/19/62/7 44/5/21/0 21&7
LX7I 793/20/71/15 1129/26/92/35 1082/32/98/50 207/13/49/12 31/3/13/0 /RZ3RZHU
S51A 790/14/62/11 981/28/92/34 944/33/97/43 221/20/58/8 26/4/18/0 =RQH
OMØM 704/14/60/19 1017/29/80/28 1159/33/87/43 187/13/42/0 17/3/8/0 /<=
IQ4FA 432/13/60/9 994/29/94/38 1024/30/95/47 248/18/59/6 34/4/15/0
MULTI-OPERATOR MULTI-TRANSMITTER
9A1A 970/20/75/25 1589/31/107/44 1525/36/108/56 500/25/74/14 106/6/37/0
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0/RZ3RZHU 0DVD-(&3,
HG1S 652/15/66/5 1110/27/94/35 1085/31/88/44 293/22/60/7 23/4/16/0 ZRQZLWKSRLQWVDQG462V
I3VRD 309/8/50/2 341/22/61/21 602/28/77/44 93/12/29/0 4/1/3/0
Single-Op Assisted QRP (39 logs received)
*Low Power
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG$OO%DQG453 6FRWW00$:'
ZRQZLWK.IROORZHGFORVHO\E\)DELR,=-)/ZLWK.
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0453 -LUL2..2.,0
ZRQZLWK.IROORZHGE\)DELR,=,%/ZLWK.
,=/%*WRRNILUVWZLWK.IROORZHGE\3DO+$-9ZLWK 6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0453 *LRYDQQL,=)/3ZRQ
.)UHG:://ZLWK.1RHO9(5<<ZLWK. ZLWK.
DQG*DEULHOH,=*20ZLWK. 6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0453 :LP24%ZRQZLWK
6LQJOH2S $VVLVWHG 0 +LJK 3RZHU (XJHQLR .IROORZHGE\5DGH<85+ZLWK.DQG$WL+$+;
&;6&;66ZRQZLWK.0DULDQR/2'/8(6' ZLWK.
ZDVVHFRQGZLWK.DQG0DWLMD$'$90ZDVWKLUG 6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0453 9ODG578ZRQZLWK
ZLWK. .DQG*DERU+$-%ZDVVHFRQGZLWK.
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0+LJK3RZHU 3UHV166ZRQ 6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0453 0XQH-+'04ZRQ
ZLWK. ZLWKSRLQWVDQG462V
Single-Op Assisted Low Power (435 logs received) Single-Op Overlay (412 logs received)
6LQJOH2S $VVLVWHG $OO %DQG /RZ 3RZHU 'LPLWUL 5RRNLH 7XUMLPDQ<)785ZRQZLWK.IROORZHGE\
70=)'6.WRRNILUVWDJDLQZLWK0GRZQIURPKLVZLQ 0DKHQGUD98=0.ZLWK.&KDUOHV$$/6ZLWK.
ODVW\HDUIROORZHGE\'RXJ9$')ZLWK.6DEDVWLHQ 5HQDQ 3<)54 ZLWK . DQG ,EUDKLP <&<*5 ZLWK
70<)%'4ZLWK.5LFN,%57ZLWK.%HUQG .
'/<$-ZLWK.<XUL576ZLWK.2OHJ87(/ &ODVVLF <XUL 5*$ ZRQ ZLWK 0 IROORZHG E\
ZLWK.$QDWROL(:%$ZLWK.DQG1REXR-$*&( $OEHUWR,-('ZLWK.<XUL9('=ZLWK.'DYLG
ZLWK. 0:,ZLWK.DQG0DULXV<3&ZLWK.
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0/RZ3RZHU $[HO(%&:
ZRQZLWK. )UHGHULNLV\HDUVROGZLWKDQHGXFDWLRQDOFDOOVLJQ+HZDV
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0/RZ3RZHU =RUDQ=) VXSHUYLVHGE\'0((%XWSXVKHGWKHEXWWRQVDQG
ZRQZLWK.DQG6DQGUR,.59*ZDVVHFRQGZLWK. ORJJLQJKLPVHOI'1+5
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0/RZ3RZHU 9ODG5,0 ,KDGIXQWU\LQJIRUILUVWWLPHRSHUDWLQJZLWKUDGLRV'/)4
ZDVILUVWZLWK.IROORZHGFORVHO\E\)DELR,.733ZLWK 2SHUDWHGUHPRWHIURP7RN\R-DSDQ:$85<
.5REHUW:$)&1ZLWK..RQVWDQWLQ5866ZLWK
.DQG6DYYDV69$(/ZLWK. Multi-Operator (146 logs received)
6LQJOH2S$VVLVWHG0/RZ3RZHU -XDQ&(&%0 0XOWL6LQJOH +LJK 3RZHU ,4)& RSV +%&$7
ZRQZLWK.IROORZHGE\$PUL<&<6:ZLWK.DQG$OH[ ,(:+ ,,)/ ,.'&: ,.+95 ,.0*3 ,.:0+
5'$ZLWK. ,8)12,:)9=DQG,=1,&RQFHDJDLQWRRNILUVWSODFH

&/8%6&25(6 &OXE (QWUDQWV
$5,3$';7($0
6FRUH
,17(5(67*5283577<

81,7('67$7(6 $5$8&$5,$';*5283
&OXE (QWUDQWV 6FRUH 9<7$87$60$*18681,9(56,7<5$',2&/8%
32720$&9$//(<5$',2&/8% /8&217(67*5283
<$1.((&/,33(5&217(67&/8% 6287+85$/&217(67&/8%
1257+(51&$/,)251,$&217(67&/8% 5866,$1&217(67&/8%
)5$1.)25'5$',2&/8% %(/$586&217(67&/8%
62&,(7<2)0,':(67&217(67(56 .5,9%$66
$5,=21$287/$:6&217(67&/8% 25&$';$1'&217(67&/8%
)/25,'$&217(67*5283 &217(67&/8%),1/$1'
1257+&2$67&217(67(56 &$7$/21,$&217(67&/8%
:,//$0(77(9$//(<';&/8% &217(67*5283'848(%(&
'):&217(67*5283 <%/$1'';&/8%
0,11(627$:,5(/(66$661 /$79,$1&217(67&/8%
7(11(66((&217(67*5283 56*%&217(67&/8%
*5$1'0(6$&217(67(562)&2/25$'2 &217(67&/8%6(5%,$
:(67(51:$6+,1*721';&/8% 5,,+,0$(1.2/026(7
&$52/,1$';$662&,$7,21 %(/2.5$1-(&&217(67&/8%
6:$03)2;&217(67*5283 7+$,/$1'';$662&,$7,21
6287+(51&$/,)251,$&217(67&/8% 5,2';*5283
$/$%$0$&217(67*5283 5866,$1',*,7$/5$',2&/8%
.$16$6&,7<&217(67&/8% 0$8,$0$7(855$',2&/8%
&(175$/7(;$6';$1'&217(67&/8% 5$',2&/8%8/5$'8%5$78
&75,&217(67*5283 577<&217(67(562)-$3$1
.(178&.<&217(67*5283 63';&/8%
/28,6,$1$&217(67&/8% &+,/7(51';&/8%
52&+(67(51<';$661 85$/&217(67*5283
1,$*$5$)5217,(55$',263257 6.$$9$67(5$65$',2./8%%
'((3',;,(&217(67&/8% /$&217(67&/8%
0$'5,9(55$',2&/8% 58453&/8%
%5,672/719$$5& *0';*5283
0(752';&/8% '$1,6+';*5283
1(:3529,'(1&($5& 125)2/.$0$7(855$',2&/8%
6+(1$1'2$+9$//(<:,5(/(66 *,3$1,6&217(67*5283
6287+($67&217(67&/8% 6,1*/(),*+7(5';*5283
*(25*,$&217(67*5283 5$',2&/8%9(1(=2/$12&$5$&$6
0(5,'(1$5& &217(67&/8%
25'(52)%2,/('2:/62)1(:<25. 8$&217(67&/8%
7+(9,//$*(6$0$7(855$',2&/8% 5866,$1&:&/8%
,'$+2';$662&,$7,21 9.&217(67&/8%
7(;$6';62&,(7< 6.$:+,6,1*(165$',2./8%%
632.$1(';$662&,$7,21 725%$<$56
$5.7,.$
'; &'5*5283
%$9$5,$1&217(67&/8% &$%5(89$';
8.5$,1,$1&217(67&/8% 92/<1&217(67*5283
5+(,158+5';$662&,$7,21 $5&.
6/29(1,$&217(67&/8% 7+($.,7$';$662&,$7,21
&52$7,$1&217(67&/8% *8$5$';*5283
+$';&/8% .(<0(1
6&/8%2)-$3$1
,7$/,$1&217(67&/8% 7+5$&,$1526(&/8%
&217(67&/8%217$5,2 (8523($136.&/8%
($&217(67&/8% &6&($+/$8/3,$75$1($07
ZLWK0/=5RSV./=/=-=/=8./=')/='% WRZHU,QWKHWKUHHPRQWKVOHDGLQJXSWRWKLVFRQWHVWDQWHQ

2(*+9 2(:/- 60 DQG =: ZDV VHFRQG ZLWK QDVZHUHPRYHGIURPWKHSULRUORFDWLRQ2QO\WZRVLQJOHUDGLR
0(04RSV8:48854;12287,,87,- VWDWLRQVZHUHVHWXSGXHWRODFNRIWLPHDQGVWLOORQO\EHFDPH
87,9 87,= 85,0 86,78 86,5 86,&0 DQG RSHUDWLRQDOWKHGD\EHIRUHWKHFRQWHVW7KHOLYHVFRUHERDUG
8<,) ZDV WKLUG ZLWK 0 66 RSV 6. 6; SURYLGHGPXFKFRPSHWLWLRQEHWZHHQ6:6$DQG/;,
61:6;6*6<6$961$DQG6;; ZLWKWKHOHDGFKDQJLQJRYHUWKHKRXUV2QHRIWKHLUZLQ
ZDVQHDUO\WLHGDOVRZLWK0./5.*3./$::6 QLQJVWUDWHJLHVZDVWRZRUNKDUGWRJHWDOODYDLODEOHPXOWLSOL
.,91$$.55.8$11%DQG./5ZDVWK DQG HUV7KHUHVXOWZDVYHU\SOHDVLQJHVSHFLDOO\JLYHQWKHVXSH
ILUVWLQ1RUWK$PHULFD7LPOHWWKH577<WHDPUXQKLJKSRZHU ULRUDPRXQWRIDOXPLQXPDW/;,
577<WKLVWLPH /;, RSV ')(( '/=%1 '.21 ''== '-*,
0XOWL6LQJOH /RZ 3RZHU ,7%/% RSV ,8=$ '//$6DQG/;$WRRNWKLUGZLWK0MXVW.EHKLQG
,7%/% ,79'4 DQG ,7=0; ZDV ILUVW ZLWK 0 GRZQ 6:+4;RSV:8(1:4/=9963=9(-,
IURPWKHLUZLQODVW\HDU,45.RSV,98.,9:.,.998 DQG +5/(2 ZDV IRXUWK ZLWK 0 6$ RSV 62/'
,.=*%,=(7&,=.,),=.62,=64:,==32DQG 67& 6=- 6.= 60= 62 6% 6'(
,802; ZDV VHFRQG ZLWK 0 ''$ RSV +%%81 63060=DQG69,ZDVILIWKZLWK06L[WKDQG
'/*$'/,,'+*$('2*$5DQG'2-/)ZDVWKLUG VHYHQWKZHUHQHDUO\WLHGDW0200RSV2.308
ZLWK 0 &6&5( RSV &7).1 &7&:) &7&28 20$';20&*120==20$:DQG207:0DQG
&7%;( &7$%6 &7$'; &7,$* &7-<9 DQG ,4)$RSV,8$=&,8$2<,8+5-,=$.2,./=+
&7.(.ZDVIRXUWKDOVRZLWK01$11RSV.))DQG ,8,&7,8-,&,1,'4,=986,.$(6DQG,=&2:
:8(ZDVWK DQGILUVWLQ1RUWK$PHULFDZLWK.$(. 0XOWL0XOWL $$RSV$:$$$$$&
RSV$=;$%0DQG$(.ZDVWK DQGILUVWLQ$VLD $525 DQG $$ FRQWLQXHV WR GRPLQDWH WKLV FDWHJRU\
ZLWK. ZLWK0&5:RSV'.47'-1.'/$:*'--&
0XOWL7ZR &5'; RSV &7%' &7'= &7(1 '*-%'0%-'-55DQG'/7.ZDVVHFRQGDJDLQZLWK
&7):,&64620.:2050DQG20/:ZRQZLWK 0+*6RSV+$7-+$'$,+$61DQG+$'$(
0 6: RSV 6', 6'' 6, 610 6'5 ZDV WKLUG ZLWK 0 .6)$ RSV .0. .1= .6)$
66.6;=DQG6.ZDVVHFRQGZLWK07KHQHZ .777.,::72DQG:$899#.777ZDVIRXUWK
6:VWDWLRQSURMHFWVWDUWHGLQZLWKWZRFRQWDLQHUVLQ DOVR ZLWK 0 150 RSV .8, .0,/ 150 .2)
DQ LG\OOLF ORFDWLRQ DPLGVW YLQH\DUGV ZLWK D VLQJOH PHWHU .*0:,(.64DQG.1&ZDVILIWKZLWK01:0

what’s new RSV1:01521$2.'$-DQG.(67#152
ZDV VL[WK ZLWK 0 $$ RSV $98 $=$ $52
$+$ $77 $&. $5) $3* $/8 $.%
Bird’s New SignalHawk Handheld Spectrum $3/$44DQG$63ZDVVHYHQWKDQGILUVWLQ$VLD
Analyzers
%LUGKDVH[SDQGHGLWV6LJQDO+DZNIDPLO\RIUXJJHGKDQGKHOG Clubs
VSHFWUXPDQDO\]HUSURGXFWVZLWKWKHDGGLWLRQWKH6+6$2$ :RUOGZLGH 2QFHDJDLQWKH%DYDULDQ&RQWHVW&OXE%&&
$QJOHRI$UULYDODQGWKH6+67&7KHQHZ6LJQDO+DZN6+ WRRN WRS KRQRUV ZLWK 0 DFURVV ORJV 7KH 8NUDLQLDQ
67& DQG 6+6$2$ SURYLGH WHVW FRYHUDJH IRU DOO PDMRU &RQWHVW&OXEWRRNVHFRQGDJDLQZLWK0LQORJV7KLUG
ZLUHOHVV V\VWHPV LQ D SODFHZDVWKH5KHLQ5XKU';$VVRFLDWLRQZLWK0DQGWKH
IXOO\ SRUWDEOH UXJJHG QH[WWKUHHSODFHVZHUHIURP1RUWK$PHULFDEHORZ
DQG ZHDWKHUUHVLVWDQW 1RUWK$PHULFD ,QIRXUWKSODFHZRUOGZLGHZDVWKH3RWRPDF
WHVW LQVWUXPHQW WKDW 9DOOH\5DGLR&OXE395&ZLWK0LQORJVZLQQLQJWKH
ZRUNV RQ IUHTXHQFLHV
1RUWK $PHULFD FOXE FRPSHWLWLRQ RYHU WKH <DQNHH &OLSSHU
XSWR*+]
&RQWHVW &OXE DOVR DW 0 IURP ORJV DQG WKH 1RUWKHUQ
$ QDWXUDO LQWHJUDWLRQ
RI GLJLWDO PDSV IURP &DOLIRUQLD&RQWHVW&OXEZLWK0IURPORJV
2SHQ6WUHHW0DS *36
Logs
ORFDWLRQ DQG VLJQDO
VWUHQJWKYHFWRULQJYLDD /RJVWDWLVWLFVZHUHVLPLODUWRUHFHQW\HDUVGHVSLWHORJFKHFN
WZROHYHO LQWHUQDO SUH LQJLWVHOILPSURYLQJ7KHUHZHUHHQRXJKORJVVXEPLWWHGVRWKDW
DPSOLILHU WKH 6LJQDO RIDOO462VZHUHFURVVFKHFNHGDQGRIWKRVH462V
+DZN±$2$SURYLGHV ZHUHGHHPHGJRRG$SSUR[LPDWHO\RIDOO462VKDGEXVW
DQ HDV\WRXVH LQWHU HGLQFRUUHFWFDOOVLJQVZKLFKZDVWKHVDPHDVLQ%XVWHG
IDFH WR QRW RQO\ SLQ H[FKDQJHVUHPDLQHGWKHVDPHDW$QRWKHUZHUH
SRLQWSRWHQWLDOLQEDQG QRWIRXQGLQWKHRWKHUVWDWLRQ¶VORJLQFUHDVLQJVOLJKWO\/LQNV
LQWHUIHUHUVDQG³URJXH´ RU³SLUDWH´ EURDGFDVWORFDWLRQVEXWDOVR IRU LQGLYLGXDO /RJ &KHFN 5HSRUWV /&5V ZHUH VHQW RXW DV
SHUIRUPFRYHUDJHPDSSLQJDQG³GHDGVSRW´ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ7KLV WKHVHUHVXOWVZHUHFRPSOHWHG7KH\DUHDOVRDYDLODEOHXSRQ
FDQEHYHU\KHOSIXOIRUUHSHDWHURSHUDWRUVDVZHOODVFRPPXQLFD UHTXHVW WR Z\N#FTZZUWW\FRP! ZKHUH \RX FDQ VHH KRZ
WLRQVSURIHVVLRQDOV \RXUORJVWDFNVXSWRWKHRYHUDOOQXPEHUV
:KHQSDLUHGZLWKDQDSSURSULDWHGLUHFWLRQDODQWHQQDWKHVPDOO
IRUPIDFWRUDQGH[WHQGHGUXQWLPHXSWRKRXUVRIEDWWHU\OLIH Website
RIWKH6LJQDO+DZN$2$DOORZVLWWREHWDNHQWRDOOW\SHVRIUHPRWH
ORFDWLRQVWRDFFXUDWHO\SLQSRLQWVLJQDORULJLQDWLRQ8VLQJDPXOWL 7KH FRQWHVW ZHEVLWH ZZZFTZZUWW\FRP! LV D YDOXDEOH
WRXFKKLJKUHVROXWLRQ7)7GLVSOD\XVHUVFDQFKDQJHUHIHUHQFH UHVRXUFHIRUDOODVSHFWVRIWKHFRQWHVW5XOHVLQFOXGLQJODQ
OHYHODQGFHQWHURIIUHTXHQF\ZLWKDWRXFKRIDILQJHUDQG]RRP JXDJHWUDQVODWLRQVORJIRUPDWORJVXEPLWWDOKLVWRULFDOVWD
DQGVSDQMXVWOLNH\RXUVPDUWSKRQH7KHGLVSOD\DOVROHWVXVHUV WLVWLFVDQGUHVXOWVGDWDEDVHVHDUFKDEOHIRUDQ\HQWU\DQG
YLHZWKHVSHFWUXPDQGWUDFHGLVSOD\VSHFWURJUDPGLVSOD\RUERWK JHRJUDSKLFDOEUHDNGRZQDQGDOOWLPHUHFRUGV
0XOWLWDVN PHDVXUHPHQWV DUH PDGH HDV\ ZLWK WKH DELOLW\ WR
VLPXOWDQHRXVO\UHYLHZVHYHUDOZLQGRZVIRUFRPSDULVRQ7KH%LUG Thanks
$2$IHDWXUHV*%RILQWHUQDOVWRUDJHVR\RXFDQVFUHHQVKRW 7KDQNV WR DOO SDUWLFLSDQWV ZKR WRJHWKHU PDNH WKLV D IXQ
GDWDDQGWUDQVIHUYLD86%27*:,),%OXHWRRWKWRWKHFORXGDQG ZHHNHQGIRUHYHU\RQH7KDQNVDOVRWRWKHWHDPRIYROXQWHHUV
HPDLORUXSORDG3&IRUUHIHUHQFH$GGLWLRQDOO\WKH$2$LQFOXGHV EHKLQGWKHVFHQHZKRPDNHLWDOOSRVVLEOH
WKH%LUG5)0HWHU$SSIRULQWHURSHUDELOLW\ZLWKDZLGHUDQJHRI -DVRQ.',:00DQDJLQJ(GLWRURI&4 $PDWHXU5DGLR
%LUGVHQVRUV 5XOHVWUDQVODWRUV%R\DQ/=%(&DURV%+7;7DSDQL
2+/8)DEL9$836WHIIDQ'/6)5.RVWDV69'3,
6+67& -RH,7%/%.D]X-.*$'0&):0DUFRV3<:6
&RPELQLQJHDV\WRXVHLQWXLWLYHPHQXVZLWKDPXOWLWRXFK7)7 $QG\ <2-5 9ODG 9(,$( *HUDUGR ($$67 DQG
VFUHHQWKDWVKRZVDVSHFWURJUDPZDWHUIDOOGLVSOD\WKDWVKRZV 0HKPHW7$)$
LQWHUPLWWHGSRZHUOHYHOVWKH6+67&5)$QDO\]HUFDQYLHZ .HQ.($SURYLGHGWKHHYHUHYROYLQJORJFKHFNVRIWZDUH
5)VLJQDOVEHWZHHQN+]DQG*+]$GGLWLRQDOEXLOWLQIXQF
DQGFRQVXOWLQJGXULQJORJFKHFN
WLRQVLQFOXGH)0GHPRGXODWLRQWKDWDOORZVIRUUDSLGYHULILFDWLRQ
5DQG\.='IRUKLVVXEVWDQWLDOVXSSRUWRQDZLGHUDQJH
RIFRPPXQLFDWLRQVDWWKHVSHFLILHGIUHTXHQF\*166VLJQDOTXDO
LW\ILHOGVWUHQJWKDQGVSHFWUXPPDVNLQJ RILVVXHVLQFOXGLQJDOPRVWDOORIWKHORJIL[HVVRWKDWWKHFKHFN
7KH6+6$2$5)$QDO\]HUH[WHQGVWKHFDSDELOLW\RIWKH VRIWZDUHUDQVPRRWKO\DQGFRUUHFWO\
6+67&E\DGGLQJWKHDELOLW\WRWULDQJXODWHWKHORFDWLRQRI ,ORRNIRUZDUGWRVHHLQJHYHU\RQHDJDLQLQWKHWK DQQXDO
DQLQWHUIHUHURQDPDSIRUVLJQDOV7ULDQJXODWLRQLVSURYLGHGE\ &4::577<';&RQWHVWRQ6HSWHPEHU
VSHFWUXPDQDO\]HUVE\DOORZLQJWKHXVHUWRXWLOL]H%LUG¶VLQWHU ± (G:<.
IHUHQFHDQDO\VLVDQGWULDQJXODUIXQFWLRQDOLW\WRORFDWHWKHVRXUFH
ZLWKLQWKUHHPHDVXUHPHQWVIRUPLQJDWULDQJOHLQWKHDUHDRI *UHDWFRQWHVWDVXVXDO,://+
WKHHPLWWHUDQGXWLOL]LQJDEXLOWLQPDSWRILQGWKHH[DFWORFDWLRQ *UHDWIXQDVDOZD\VWRPDNHVRPH4VLQ
RIWKHSUREOHP ::577<.*(2
%RWK DQDO\]HUV DUH DYDLODEOH QRZ DQG LQFOXGH D VW\OXV $& *UHDWIXQ.*8
DGDSWHUYROW'&RXWSXWKDUGFDUU\LQJFDVHLQVWUXFWLRQPDQ &4::577<DOZD\VDORWRIIXQ1111
XDOVRIWFDUU\LQJFDVH86%GULYH86%DGDSWHUDQGDEDWWHU\ 7KDQNVKDGDEODVW:783
7KH6+6$2$KDVDVXJJHVWHGUHWDLOSULFHRIZKLOH +DGELJIXQ:*+
WKH6+67&KDVDVXJJHVWHGUHWDLOSULFHRI)RUPRUH
)XQFRQWHVW:((
LQIRUPDWLRQFDOORUYLVLWZZELUGUIFRP!
&RQWLQXHGRQSDJH

Fifty-nine years ago, in 1961, CQ published an article on
transmitter hunting by Helen Signorelli, K6KUP. That article
is reprinted in this issue as part of our CQ Classics series.
Here, Helen’s son, Paul, WØRW, a frequent CQ
contributor, brings us full-circle with a short T-hunting
article of his own.
LoJack “T” Hunt

BY PAUL SIGNORELLI,* WØRW
'
XULQJDVSHFWUXPVHDUFKDURXQG
WKH VKDFN IRU QRLVH VRXUFHV ,
FDPHDFURVVDELJGDWDEXUVWRQ
WKH /R-DFN IUHTXHQF\ RI
0+] ,WZDVVZDPSLQJP\+7UHFHLY
HU,KDYHDVLSSLQJFKRFRODWHWLQWKDW,
XVHDVDVKLHOGIRUUHDOO\VWURQJVLJQDOV
WRSUHYHQWUHFHLYHURYHUORDGVHHSKRWR
0\%DRIHQJ895LVSRRUO\VKLHOGHG
VR,SXWWKHUDGLRLQWRWKHFDQDWWDFKHG
D G% YDULDEOH DWWHQXDWRU DQG ZHQW
RXWVLGH KXQWLQJ , GLGQ¶W XVH P\ EHDP
EHFDXVHLWLVQRZWXQHGWR0+]
7KH895GRHVQ¶WKDYHDQ6PHWHU
VR,MXVWRSHQHGWKHVTXHOFKDQGKDG
ORWVRIKLVVQRLVHZLWKZKLFKWRGHWHFW
WKHVLJQDO7KH/R-DFNWUDQVPLVVLRQLV
DGDWDEXUVWVHFRQGVHYHU\VHF
RQGV <RX KDYH SUREDEO\ VHHQ WKH
SROLFHFDUVZLWKWKHIRXULQFKZKLSV
RQWKHURRI7KH\GR7KXQWVDXWRPDW )RU FORVHLQ WUDQVPLWWHUKXQWLQJ WKH
LFDOO\ WR ILQG VWROHQ FDUV , GRQ¶W KDYH DXWKRU SXWV KLV 895 KDQGKHOG
RQHRIWKRVH LQVLGHDQHPSW\FDQRIVLSSLQJFKRFR
, ZDONHG XS DQG GRZQ WKH EORFN ODWH ZKLFK SURYLGHV H[WUD VKLHOGLQJ
VZLWFKLQJIURPWRG%DWWHQXDWLRQ +H DOVR FRQQHFWV D G% YDULDEOH
DQG WKH /R-DFN VLJQDO ZDV UHDOO\ DWWHQXDWRUWRKHOSKLPKRPHLQRQYHU\
VWURQJ7KHUHZDVRQO\RQHFDUDURXQG VWURQJORFDOVLJQDOV
«DQHLJKERU¶VROG³VSDUH´FDUSDUNHG
QH[WGRRU,ZDVORRNLQJIRUWKH&RUYHWWH
WKLQNLQJRQHPLJKWEHPRUHOLNHO\WREH GHDOHUDQGKDYHWKHPUHVHWLWQRWRQO\
/R-DFNHTXLSSHG %XW WKLV ZDV WKH WRHQGP\450EXWIRUKLVRZQSUR
RQO\FDUWRFKHFNRXW WHFWLRQ 'ULYLQJ D FDU ZLWK D SLQJLQJ
,ZDVDEOHWRFOLFNLQG%DWWHQXD /R-DFNWUDQVPLWWHULVYHU\OLNHO\WRJHW
WLRQDQGLWZDVVWLOOVWURQJDWWKHFDU, \RXSXOOHGRYHUE\DQ\SROLFH7+XQWHU
ZHQWRYHUWRWKHSDVVHQJHU¶VVLGHUHDU ²SRVVLEO\ZLWKJXQGUDZQ²VLQFHWKH
ZLQGRZVHWWKHDWWHQXDWRUWRG%DQG DVVXPSWLRQ ZRXOG EH WKDW \RX¶UH GUL
FRXOGVWLOOKHDULW7KHQ,VDZWKHDQWHQ YLQJDVWROHQYHKLFOH
QD«WZROLWWOHYHUWLFDOEODFNVWULSHVRQ )ROORZLQJLQP\PRP¶VIRRWVWHSV«
WKHZLQGRZ,WLVD)25' DQRWKHUJUHDW7+XQWLQWKHORJ
7KHSROLFHSUREDEO\JHWDORWRIWKHVH
IDOVHVLJQDOVEXW,GRQ¶W,QWKLVFDVH 1RWH
WKH GLVWDQFH IURP P\ VKDFN ZDV /R-DFN LVDVWROHQYHKLFOHWUDFNLQJDQG
IHHW5HDO';³7+XQWLQJ´,DUULYHGZLWK UHFRYHU\ V\VWHP :KHQ D /R-DFNHTXLSSHG
YHKLFOHLVUHSRUWHGVWROHQWKHFRPSDQ\DFWL
WKHORZHVWPLOHDJH+, YDWHV D KLGGHQ WUDQVPLWWHU ZKLFK FDQ EH
7KH RZQHU GLGQ¶W HYHQ NQRZ ZKDW WUDFNHG E\ VSHFLDOO\HTXLSSHG ODZ HQIRUFH
/R-DFNZDV,WROGKLPWRWDNHLWWRWKH PHQWYHKLFOHV,I\RXVHHIRXUFORVHO\VSDFHG
9+)ZKLSVRQWKHURRIRIDSROLFHFDUWKRVH
DUH /R-DFN DQWHQQDV )RU PRUH LQIR YLVLW
(PDLOZUZ#PVQFRP! ZZZORMDFNFRP!

There are many good reasons to learn and use Morse code on the air, from
working greater distances with less power to operating portable with minimal
equipment. But W4DNN has a new reason … it might be good for your health!
How CW Can Protect You

From Dementia
BY DENNIS LAZAR,* W4DNN
,
Q0D\UHVHDUFKHUVUHFUXLWHGDIHZKXQGUHGIRONV 8QWLOPRUHUHFHQWWLPHVPRVWQHXURORJLVWVDVVXPHGWKDW
EHWZHHQDJHVDQGIRUDVWXG\:KLOHVRPHUHPDLQHG WKHKXPDQEUDLQEHFDPHLQFDSDEOHRIJURZWKDIWHUDFHU
QHDUO\DVPHQWDOO\VKDUSDVWKH\KDGEHHQLQWKHLU\RXQJHU WDLQ DJH +RZ FRXOG D \HDUROG OHDUQ QHZ WULFNV" %XW
GD\VPDQ\ZHUHGHWHUPLQHGWRH[KLELWPRGHUDWHO\GHJUDG WKH\GLVFRYHUHGWKDWWKHEUDLQKDVSODVWLFLW\WKHDELOLW\WR
HG FRJQLWLYH VNLOOV DQG VRPH ZHUH LQ WKH HDUO\ VWDJHV RI FKDQJHWRPHHWQHZFKDOOHQJHV'DPDJHWRRQHSDUWRIWKH
GHPHQWLD$OOZHUHJLYHQDWDVN/HDUQWKH0RUVH&RGH EUDLQFDQFDXVHJURZWKDQGDQLQFUHDVHLQDFWLYLW\LQDQRWK
3XEOLVKHGLQWKHMRXUQDO)URQWLHUVLQ+XPDQ1HXURVFLHQFH HUSDUW)RUH[DPSOHDSHUVRQZKRORVHVKLVRUKHUVLJKW
WKHVWXG\ZDVDLPHGDWDQDO\]LQJWKHFKDQJHVLQFRJQLWLYH ZLOORYHUWLPHGHYHORSYHU\NHHQKHDULQJDQGDQHQKDQFHG
DELOLW\RIWKRVHVHQLRUVJDLQHGWKURXJKDEUDLQH[HUFLVHWKDW VHQVHRIWRXFK
ZRXOGWDNHDGYDQWDJHRIQHXURSODVWLFLW\1HXURSODVWLFLW\LVD
SURFHVVRIQHXURJHQHVLVWKHSURGXFWLRQRIQHZQHXUDOSDWK The Good and the Bad
ZD\VDQGHYHQQHZEUDLQFHOOVHVSHFLDOO\LQWKHKLSSRFDP
1HXURSODVWLFLW\LVQRWDOOJRRG,WDOVRFDQDIIHFW\RXQHJD
SXVDQGFHUHEUDOYHQWULFOHV
WLYHO\,WFDQFRQWULEXWHWRWKHVORZGHWHULRUDWLRQRI\RXUPHQ
WDODQGSK\VLFDODELOLWLHVVXFKDVPHPRU\SUREOHPVROYLQJ
6WHEELQV7HUU DQGEDODQFHDV\RXJURZROGHU2QHVXFKH[DPSOHLV6DP
3RUW&KDUORWWH)/ DQ\HDUROGZKRWULSSHGDQGIHOOIRUWKHILUVWWLPH)URP
(PDLOZGQQUDGLR#JPDLOFRP! WKDWSRLQWRQKHIHDUHGWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIIDOOLQJDJDLQDQG
3KRWR$4XL]:KLFKRIWKHVHKDPUDGLRWRROVZLOOQRW KHOS\RXWRDYRLGGHPHQWLD"

EHJDQWRIOH[KLVKHDGIRUZDUGWRZDWFK
WKHJURXQGVRKHZRXOGQRWWULSDJDLQ
2YHUKLVOLIHWLPH6DPOLNHDOORIXV
KDGGHYHORSHGDNHHQDELOLW\WREDODQFH
KLPVHOIZKLOHHUHFWDQGORRNLQJIRUZDUG
1RZ KH ZDV ORRNLQJ GRZQ ZLWK KLV
KHDGEHQW+LVEUDLQEHJDQWRORVHLWV
DELOLW\WREDODQFHDQGWKXV6DPDFWXDO
O\LQFUHDVHGKLVFKDQFHVRIIDOOLQJ7KH
QHXURSODVWLFLW\RIKLVEUDLQKDGZRUNHG
DJDLQVWKLP
The Dementia Epidemic

)RU D SHUVRQ OLYLQJ LQ WKH 86 RU
(XURSHWKHUHLVDQHDUO\FKDQFH
RIEHLQJIRUPDOO\LGHQWLILHGDVVHQLOHRU
GHPHQWHGE\WKHDJHRI2WKHUVPD\
KDYH³PLOGFRJQLWLYHLPSDLUPHQW´ WKDW
SUHYHQWVWKHPIURPOLYLQJDQLQGHSHQ
GHQWOLIHVW\OH%XWLWGRHVQ¶WKDYHWREH
WKDWZD\7KHUHDUHFKDQJHVLQOLIHVW\OH
WKDWFDQUHVXOWLQSUHYHQWLRQRIPHQWDO
GHFOLQHDQGHYHQUHYHUVHGHPHQWLD
1HXURVFLHQWLVWV QRZ DUH GHYLVLQJ
ZD\VWRH[HUFLVHWKHEUDLQDQGWKHERG\
WR WDNH DGYDQWDJH RI SRVLWLYH QHXUR
SODVWLFLW\2QHSLRQHHULQJVFLHQWLVW'U 3KRWR%)RUQHDUO\\HDUVIURPYDFXXPWXEHERDWDQFKRUVWRWLQ\VROLGVWDWH
0LFKDHO0HU]HQLFKLQDUHFHQWVHULHV 453ZRQGHUVWKHDXWKRUKDVEHHQHQMR\LQJ&:,VLWDQ\ZRQGHUWKDWKHLVVR
RQ SXEOLF WHOHYLVLRQ LQWURGXFHG FRP LQWHOOLJHQW"$QGVRPRGHVW"±HG
SXWHUDLGHGH[HUFLVHVZKLFKFDQEOD]H
QHZ QHXUDO SDWKZD\V UHGXFLQJ WKH
FKDQFHVRIGHPHQWLDE\DQGHYHQ PHQWV RYHU WLPH DQG D GHFUHDVH LQ DFWLYLWLHVOLNHDJRRG&:UDJFKHZDQG
LPSURYLQJ FRJQLWLYH VNLOO RI SHUVRQV ZKLWHPDWWHUEDGVWXIIYROXPHLQWKH GULQNLQJDOFRKROLQPRGHUDWLRQUHVXOWHG
DOUHDG\ VXIIHULQJ IURP PLOG GHFOLQH SUHIURQWDOFRUWH[ LQIHZHUFDVHVRIGHPHQWLDRYHU
6RIW:LUHG+RZWKH1HZ6FLHQFHRI ([HUFLVLQJGLIIHUHQWSDUWVRIWKHEUDLQ VL[\HDUVDVFRPSDUHGWRROGOD]\EHHU
%UDLQ3ODVWLFLW\&DQ&KDQJH\RXU/LIH LQFUHDVHV QHXURQDO LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQV VZLOOLQJFRXFKSRWDWRHV
$V\RXOHDUQWKHFRGHZKHWKHUYLDWKH
Not All Exercise is Created LQWHUQHWRUDFRGHWUDLQLQJ03RQ\RXU Why You Should Become a
Equal SKRQHEHVXUHWRWDSDORQJZLWKDILQ “Know Code” Ham
2QHNH\EUDLQH[HUFLVHWHFKQLTXHWDNHV JHURUDWRH:KHQ\RXEHFRPHSURIL
,QWKHSDVW,KDYHDWWHPSWHGWRH[SODLQ
DGYDQWDJHRIWKHEUDLQ¶VDELOLW\WRPXO FLHQW HQRXJK WR JHW RQ WKH DLU VWDUW
WRSKRQHRQO\KDPVZK\,ORYH&:,W¶V
WLWDVNFRJQLWLYHDQGSK\VLFDODFWLRQVDW VHQGLQJZLWK\RXUGRPLQDQWKDQGXVX
QRW RQO\ EHFDXVH LW RXWSHUIRUPV DQ\
WKHVDPHWLPH7KLVW\SHDFWLYLW\VHHPV DOO\ WKH ULJKW 7KHQ SUDFWLFH VHQGLQJ
WKLQJ VKRUW RI FRPSXWHUDLGHG PRGHV
WRZRUNPXFKEHWWHUWKDQHLWKHUPHQWDO ZLWK\RXUOHIWKDQG,I\RX¶UHOHIWKDQG
DQGFDQEHHPSOR\HGIRUUDJFKHZVLQ
RUSK\VLFDOH[HUFLVHDORQH$QH[DPSOH HG UHYHUVH WKH RUGHU %HJLQ ZLWK D
WHUULEOHFRQGLWLRQVVRUU\)7,W¶VQRW
LVZHLJKWWUDLQLQJZKLOHFRXQWLQJEDFN VWUDLJKWNH\/HDUQWRXVHDQHOHFWURQ
RQO\EHFDXVH,FDQVQDJJUHDW';IURP
ZDUGVE\WKUHHV$QRWKHULVOHDUQLQJWR LFNH\HU/HDUQWRXVHDEXJ,QFUHDVH
SODFHV ZKHUH ORFDO KDPV FDQ¶W DIIRUG
SOD\WKHSLDQROHDUQLQJWRUHDGQRWHV \RXUVSHHG/HDUQWRFRS\ZRUGVLQ\RXU
VWDWHRIWKHDUW ULJV ,W¶V QRW RQO\ EH
DQG XVH ILQJHUV DW WKH VDPH WLPH KHDG 7KH PRUH YDULDWLRQ LQ OHDUQLQJ
FDXVH,DPD453HQWKXVLDVWDQGOLNH
$QRWKHU LV RI FRXUVH EHFRPLQJ D DQG LQFUHDVLQJ SURILFLHQF\ WKH PRUH
WREXLOGDQGRSHUDWHVLPSOH&:WUDQV
³NQRZFRGH´ KDPUDGLRRSHUDWRU \RXDUHWDNLQJDGYDQWDJHRUWKHQHXUR
FHLYHUV1RQRZ,FDQWHOOWKHVHNH\
/HDUQLQJ 0RUVH FRGH HPSOR\V WKH SODVWLFLW\RI\RXUEUDLQWRLQFUHDVH\RXU
FKDOOHQJHG KDPV WKDW OHDUQLQJ &: LV
FRJQLWLYHDELOLW\WROHDUQDQHZODQJXDJH FRJQLWLYHDELOLW\
RQHZD\LQZKLFKWKH\FDQLPSURYHWKHLU
DVZHOODVWKHPRWRUVNLOOVWREHDEOHWR EUDLQ IXQFWLRQ DQG HQVXUH DJDLQVW
RSHUDWH D NH\ RU EXJ 7KLV LV FDOOHG Additional Brain Food EHFRPLQJVHQLOH(YHUQRWLFHKRZ&:
³'XDO7DVN7UDLQLQJ´ 'XULQJWKHOHDUQ ,QIDLUQHVV,PXVWDGGWKDWLQDGGLWLRQ UDJFKHZVVHHPWREHFRQGXFWHGDWD
LQJSURFHVVWKHVHQLRU&:VWXGHQWVLQ WR FRJQLWLYH WUDLQLQJ H[HUFLVHV WKHUH PRUHVRSKLVWLFDWHGOHYHOKLKL"
WKH)URQWLHUVVWXG\LQFUHDVHGJUD\PDW DUHVHYHUDORWKHULPSRUWDQWWKLQJV\RX
WHUJRRGVWXIILQWKHLUOHIWRFFLSLWRWHP FDQGRWRZDUGRIIPHQWDOGHFOLQHDV\RX
SRUDOFRUWH[ZKLFKSURMHFWVWRWKHDUHD DJHDVGHWDLOHGLQUHVHDUFKFRQGXFWHG 5HIHUHQFHV
)RUDQH[FHOOHQWFRPSUHKHQVLYHDUWLFOHRQ
LQYROYHG LQ ODQJXDJH SHUFHSWLRQ 7KH ZLWK ROGHU DGXOWV E\ WKH 5XVK
SUHYHQWLQJGHPHQWLD\RXFDQUHIHUWRWKLV:DOO
FRPSOH[ PRWRU VNLOOV EHLQJ OHDUQHG LQ ,QVWLWXWH IRU +HDOWK\ $JLQJ DW 5XVK 6WUHHW -RXUQDO DUWLFOH DW KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP
VHQGLQJ&:XVLQJDKDQGNH\LQGXFHG 8QLYHUVLW\0HGLFDO&HQWHULQ&KLFDJR ZHWWFN! <RX PD\ QHHG D VXEVFULSWLRQ WR
DQLQFUHDVHLQJUD\PDWWHUYROXPHLQWKH &RPELQLQJDWOHDVWSDUWLDODGKHUHQFHWR DFFHVVWKHDUWLFOH
SUHIURQWDO FRUWH[ ZKLFK LV SRVLWLYHO\ WKH 0LQG 'LHW H[HUFLVLQJ UHJXODUO\ )RU LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH 0LQG 'LHW VHH
FRUUHODWHG ZLWK SHUIRUPDQFH LPSURYH HQJDJLQJ LQ FRJQLWLYHO\ VWLPXODWLQJ KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\DH]I!

This will be controversial … it has been ever since Alfred Vail developed what we
now know as the Morse Code. What’s the best way to learn it? That answer
depends on each individual learner, as we each have different ways of learning
things. If the traditional “learn by listening” approach isn’t working for you, you
might want to try K4EOR’s alternative approach.
Learning Morse Code the

Old-Fashioned Way!
BY GEORGE AVERILL,* K4EOR
,
KDYHDOZD\VWDNHQH[FHSWLRQWRWKRVHZKRVD\WKDWZKHQ LQ ZKLFK \RX KDYH WR FRPELQH WKLQNLQJ ZLWK VHQGLQJ DQG
WU\LQJ WR OHDUQ FRGH RQH VKRXOG QHYHU YLVXDOL]H 0RUVH UHFHLYLQJFRGH<RXZLOOEHDPD]HGDWKRZTXLFNO\\RXFDQ
FRGHFKDUDFWHUV7KH\XVXDOO\DGYLVHWKHXVHRIVRPHW\SH LPSURYH\RXUVSHHG
RIFRPSXWHUSURJUDPIRUVHQGLQJWKHVRXQGVRIWKHFKDUDF 1RZ EHIRUH \RX JHW RQ \RXU ³KLJK KRUVH´ DQG ZULWH WKDW
WHUVZLWKRXWHYHUYLVXDOL]LQJWKHP7KHVWUDQJHWKLQJLVWKDW UHEXWWDOWRZKDW,¶PVD\LQJOLVWHQFDUHIXOO\,¶PQRWVD\LQJ
PDQ\KDPVUHSRUWWKDWWKH\OHDUQHGFRGHWKLV³LQFRUUHFW´ZD\ WKDW WKLV V\VWHP LV WKH EHVW RU PRVW HIILFLHQW ZD\ WR OHDUQ
1RWH7+(</($51('7+(&2'(+RZPDQ\ODQJXDJH FRGH<HVLWPD\FDXVHVRPHSUREOHPVODWHUDV\RXWU\WR
FRXUVHVZRXOGEHVXFFHVVIXOLIWKH\QHYHUVKRZHG\RXWKH VSHHGXSEXW\RXZLOOEHOHDUQLQJFRGH
SULQWHGZRUGV\RXZHUHWU\LQJWROHDUQ" <HVLW¶VPXFKEHWWHUWROHDUQFRGHLQDFRGHFODVVZLWKRWK
7RGD\,KHDU³,MXVWGRQ¶WKDYHWKHWLPHWROHDUQFRGH´:KDW HUVLI\RXKDYHWKHWLPH6RPHVD\WKDWWKH\KDGJUHDWVXF
PRVWPHDQLVWKDWWKH\GRQ¶WKDYHWKHWLPHWRVLWLQIURQWRID FHVVE\KDYLQJOHWWHUVIODVKRQDVFUHHQZKLOHWKHFRGHZDV
FRPSXWHUDQGSUDFWLFHRUJRWRDFRGHFODVV:HOOJXHVV VRXQGHG RXW 2WKHUV VZHDU E\ D FRPSXWHU SURJUDP WKH\
ZKDW"<RXGRQ¶WKDYHWRGRWKDW<RXGHILQLWHO\GRQ¶WKDYHWR XVHG<RXQHHGWRGRZKDWZRUNVEHVWIRU\RXDQGIRU\RXU
OXJDFRPSXWHUDURXQGZLWK\RX<RXFDQGRH[DFWO\ZKDW VW\OHRIOHDUQLQJ
PDQ\RIXVGLGZKHQILUVWOHDUQLQJFRGH/RRNDWWKHV\PERO
IRUDFKDUDFWHU6RXQGLWRXWDVPDQ\WLPHVDVLWWDNHVWR So What Do I Propose?
UHPHPEHULW7KHQJRRQWRWKHQH[WFKDUDFWHU.HHSWKLVXS )LUVW,SURSRVHWKDWFKDUDFWHUVVKRXOGEHOHDUQHGVWDUWLQJ
XQWLO\RXKDYHPHPRUL]HGWKHFRGH ZLWK WKH OHWWHU ³$´ DQG SURJUHVVLQJ WR WKH OHWWHU ³=´ ILQDOO\
$IWHU JDLQLQJ VRPH FRQILGHQFH WKDW \RX FDQ OHDUQ FRGH DGGLQJ QXPEHUV DQG FRPPRQ SXQFWXDWLRQ DW WKH HQG
FRQFHQWUDWHRQLPSURYLQJ\RXUVSHHGE\JHWWLQJRQWKHDLU 6HFRQGO\,SURSRVHWKDWWKHXVHRIDNH\RUSDGGOHZDLWXQWLO
DQGPDNLQJFRQWDFWVDOEHLWVORZRQHVDWILUVW7KHEHVWFRQ WKHFKDUDFWHUVDUHPHPRUL]HG
WDFWVWKHRQHVWKDWKHOSWKHPRVWDUHJRRGROG³UDJFKHZV´ +HUHLVKRZWKHV\VWHPZRUNV)LUVWFRS\WKHHQWLUH0RUVH
FRGHDOSKDEHWQXPEHUVDQGFRPPRQSXQFWXDWLRQFRPPD
DYHULOO#PFKVLFRP! SHULRGTXHVWLRQPDUNVODVKEDUVSDFHRQDQLQGH[FDUG
7KHDXWKRURIIHUVD
³NH\´WRVXFFHVVIXOO\
OHDUQLQJ0RUVHFRGHLI
\RX¶UHKDYLQJGLIILFXOW\
XVLQJPRUHFRPPRQ
PHWKRGV«DQGWKLV
DQWLTXHWHOHJUDSKNH\
KDVDVWRU\RILWVRZQ
*HRUJHUHSRUWVWKDWWKH
NH\RQFHEHORQJHGWR
KLVZLIH¶VXQFOHZKR
OLYHGLQ0LOOHGJHYLOOH
*HRUJLDDQGEHFDPH
DSRVWDOWHOHJUDSK
RSHUDWRUDWDJH
ULGLQJKLVELNHWRDQG
IURPZRUNHYHU\GD\
3KRWRFRXUWHV\RIWKH
DXWKRU

ZH¶YHSURYLGHGDWHPSODWH±HG8VHGRWVDQGGDVKHVWRUHSUHVHQWWKHFKDUDF
WHUV8VHWKHIURQWDQGEDFNRIWKHFDUGLIQHFHVVDU\1H[WSXWWKHFDUGLQ\RXUSRFN
HWRUSXUVHDQGWDNHLWZLWK\RXZKHUHYHU\RXJR7KHQWKURXJKRXWWKHGD\DV\RX
ZDONRUULGHDURXQGEHJLQWROHDUQFRGHE\UHIHUULQJWRWKHLQGH[FDUG.HHSWKLV
FDUGZLWK\RXDWDOOWLPHV6WDUWE\OHDUQLQJWKHILUVWFKDUDFWHUDQGSURJUHVVGRZQ
WKHOLVW6D\³GL´RU³GLWÍRUDGRWDQG³GDKÍRUDGDVKIROORZHGE\VD\LQJWKHOHWWHU
'RWKLVDVIDVWDV\RXFDQDWOHDVWRUWLPHVIRUHDFKFKDUDFWHULH³GLGDK
$GLGDK$´5HSHDWWKLVDVPDQ\WLPHVDVQHFHVVDU\XQWLOVD\LQJLWIDVWEHFRPHV
HDV\,W¶VEHVWWRGRWKLVRXWORXGEXWMXVWTXLHWO\WKLQNLQJDERXWLWZLOODOVRGR:KHQ
\RXWKLQN\RXNQRZWKHFKDUDFWHUJREDFNWRWKHWRSRIWKHOLVWDQGUXQWKURXJKHDFK
FKDUDFWHUDFRXSOHRIWLPHVEHIRUHPRYLQJRQWRWKHQH[WRQH
6WDUWHDFKVHVVLRQEHJLQQLQJZLWKWKHOHWWHU³$´DQGUHSHDWHDFKFKDUDFWHU\RX
KDYHOHDUQHGVRIDU:KHQ\RXKDYHWURXEOHFRQVXOWWKHFDUG
Finding the Time and Place is Easy

+HUHDUHVRPHFRPPRQRSWLRQVIRUOHDUQLQJDQGSUDFWLFLQJ
:KHQZDONLQJDURXQG
:KHQ\RXILUVWJRWREHG The NEW EZ HANG
:KLOHRQWKHSRWW\ Square Shot Kit
:KHQGULYLQJULGLQJGRZQWKHURDGEXWGRQ¶WORRNDWWKHFDUGZKLOHGULYLQJ www.ezhang.com
6XJJHVWLRQIURPWKRXVDQGV
%HIRUH\RXNQRZLW\RXZLOOKDYHPHPRUL]HGWKHFKDUDFWHUVDQGFDQPRYHRQ RI+$0¶VDQG&DEOH,QVWDOOHUV
WRXVLQJDFRPSXWHUSURJUDPDNH\RUSDGGOHZLWKDQRVFLOODWRURUDUDGLRWRSUDF DURXQGWKHZRUOGOHGWRD
WLFHVHQGLQJUHFHLYLQJDQGLQFUHDVLQJ\RXUVSHHG7U\LWDQGVHHZKDW\RXWKLQN FRPSOHWHUHGHVLJQRIWKH
(=+DQJ&XVWRP'HVLJQHG
,I\RXKDYHKDGDKDUGWLPHILQGLQJWKHWLPHRUSODFHWROHDUQFRGHRQO\E\OLVWHQ IRU<28WKHXVHULQPLQG
LQJWKLVFRXOGEHWKHDQVZHUWR\RXUSUREOHP1RPRUHH[FXVHV 1RZVDIHUDQGHDVLHUWRXVH\RX
ZLOOKLW\RXUPDUNHYHU\WLPHZLWK
OHVVFKDQFHRIPLVILUHVRUKLWWLQJWKH\RNH
A Code Card to Carry With You See us at Dayton Hamvention for a
+HUH¶VDQHDV\UHIHUHQFHFKDUW\RXFDQSULQWRXWRQWZRVLGHVRID[LQFK EZ Hang Show Special Booth #1802
LQGH[FDUG OVER 16,000 SOLD AROUND THE WORLD!
304-856-1026
A H o v 3 0
www.ezhang.com
EZ HANG
75 Gold Finch Way, Capon Bridge, WV 26711
B I p w 4 .
C j q x 5 ,
D k r y 6 ?
E l s Z 7 /
F m t 1 8 - Hands Free,
comfortable,
full chest harness.
G n u 2 9 = Pockets for radios,
accessories,
)ROORZLQVWUXFWLRQVRQUHYHUVHVLGHRIWKLVFDUG backup power, and
9” x 10” zipped map pocket.
831-427-8197 KC6QLB
,16758&7,216)25/($51,1*0256(&2'(86,1*7+,6&$5' www.powerportstore.com
.HHSWKLVFDUGZLWK\RXDWDOOWLPHV
6WDUWOHDUQLQJWKHILUVWOHWWHUDQGSURJUHVVGRZQWKHOLVW ADVANCED SPECIALTIES INC.
6D\GLWIRUDGRWDQGGDKIRUDGDVKIROORZHGE\VD\LQJWKHOHWWHUGRDOORI 2UGHUV4XRWHV+$0
WKLVDVIDVWDV\RXFDQDWOHDVWRUWLPHVIRUWKHOHWWHU www.advancedspecialties.net
:KHQ\RXWKLQN\RXNQRZWKHOHWWHUJREDFNWRWKHWRSDQGUXQWKURXJKHDFK BIG ONLINE CATALOG
OHWWHUDFRXSOHRIWLPHVEHIRUHDGGLQJDQRWKHUOHWWHU
9;5
(DFKVHVVLRQVWDUWRYHUZLWKWKHOHWWHU³$´DQGUHSHDWHDFKOHWWHU\RXKDYH 7ULEDQG
OHDUQHG 6XEPHUVLEOH
+DQG+HOG
:KHQ\RXKDYHWURXEOHFRQVXOWWKHFDUG )70'5
'XDO%DQG'LJLWDO
*22'7,0(67235$&7,&(
AMATEUR RADIO EQUIPMENT &
:KHQZDONLQJDURXQG ACCESSORIES • SCANNERS
:KHQILUVWJRLQJWREHG ANLI • COMET • UNIDEN • YAESU
:KHQRQWKHSRWW\ 9+)
:KHQGULYLQJULGLQJGRZQWKHURDGEXWGRQ¶WORRNDWWKHFDUGZKLOHGULYLQJ (VVH[6WUHHW/RGL1-
&ORVHG6XQGD\ 0RQGD\

CQ CLASSIC
All in the Family …
2YHUWKHFRXUVHRI\HDUVDQGLQDKREE\OLNHKDPUDGLRWKDWWHQGVWRUXQLQIDPLOLHVLW
VKRXOGQ¶WEHVXUSULVLQJWRRFFDVLRQDOO\KDYH&4DXWKRUVIURPWZRJHQHUDWLRQVLQWKHVDPHIDPLO\%XWLWLV XQXVXDOLQWKLV
PDOHGRPLQDWHGKREE\IRURQHRIWKRVHDXWKRUVWREHDZRPDQ«DQGHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQLW¶V0RPDQGVRQUDWKHUWKDQ'DG
DQGGDXJKWHU:H¶YHJRWWZRH[DPSOHVIRU\RXWKLVPRQWKWKHRQO\RQHVRIZKLFKZH¶UHDZDUHLIWKHUHDUHPRUHSOHDVH
OHWXVNQRZ
/DXULH0DUJROLV*80/KDVFRQWULEXWHGWR&4PDQ\WLPHVRYHUWKHFRXUVHRIILYHGHFDGHV+H¶VDOVRDORQJWLPH%%&
FRUUHVSRQGHQWDQGPHPEHURIWKH&4$PDWHXU5DGLR+DOORI)DPH%XWKLVPRWKHU6\OYLDZKRZRUNHGIRUPDQ\\HDUV
IRUWKH5DGLR6RFLHW\RI*UHDW%ULWDLQDOVRSHQQHGVHYHUDOKXPRURXVDUWLFOHVIRU&4PRVWO\DERXWWKHMR\VRIOLYLQJLQD
KRXVHIXOORIKDPV/DXULH¶VIDWKHUDQGEURWKHUZHUHDOVROLFHQVHG:HVKDUHRQHRIWKRVHVWRULHVZLWK\RXWKLVPRQWK
³4XLHW)DPLO\&LUFOH´ IURPWKH6HSWHPEHULVVXH
3DXO6LJQRUHOOL:5:KDVFRQWULEXWHGPDQ\DUWLFOHVWR&4RQPDQ\
VXEMHFWVERWKXQGHUKLVRZQQDPHDQGVRPHWLPHVWKDWRIDQDOWHUHJR
ZH¶OOOHW\RXILJXUHWKDWRQHRXWRQ\RXURZQ%XWKLVE\OLQHZDVSUH
FHGHGRQRXUSDJHVE\WKDWRIKLVPRP+HOHQ6LJQRUHOOL..833DXO
VD\VKLVPRPZDVOLFHQVHGDURXQGKHOGD*HQHUDO&ODVVOLFHQVH
DQGHQMR\HGZRUNLQJ&:FRS\LQJZRUGVSHUPLQXWHLQORQJKDQG
2QHRI+HOHQ¶VSDVVLRQVZDVIR[KXQWLQJRUDPDWHXUUDGLRGLUHFWLRQ
ILQGLQJDQGZH¶UHKDSS\WRUHSULQWKHU³7UDQVPLWWHU+XQWVRQ9+)´ DUWL
FOHIURPWKH0D\LVVXHRI&43DXOKDVEHHQNLQGHQRXJKWRVKDUH
RQHRIKHU46/FDUGVZLWKXVDVZHOO$QGMXVWWRFORVHWKHFLUFOHZH
KDYHDWKXQWLQJDUWLFOHE\3DXOLQWKLVLVVXHDVZHOO
%<6</9,$0$5*2/,6
³$QGWKH.LQJZDVVRGHOLJKWHGWKDWWKHEHJJDUKDG')¶G
WKHZLFNHGERRWOHJJHUV¶47+WKDWKHOHWKLPPDUU\KLVRQO\
EHORYHGGDXJKWHUZKRZDVQRWRQO\WKHPRVWEHDXWLIXOJLUOLQ
WKHZRUOGEXWZKRDOVRKDGFRXQWULHVFRQILUPHG$QGIRU
DZHGGLQJJLIWWKH.LQJJDYHWKHPDNLQJGRPRIWKHLUYHU\RZQ
ZLWKDFRPSOHWHUKRPELFIDUPVL[HOHPHQWRSWLPXPVSDFHG
EHDPRQDOOEDQGVDQGVHSDUDWHVROLGJROGWUDQVFHLYHUVIRU
HYHU\EDQGDQGLQVWHDGRIFRQWURONQREVWKHWUDQVFHLYHUVKDG
KXJHGLDPRQGVDQGWKH\DOOOLYHGKDSSLO\HYHUDIWHU´
1
27WKH%HVWRI6SRFNEXWLWZDVWKHRQO\EHGWLPH
VWRU\-RQDWKDQXQGHUVWRRGDQGWKHRQO\RQHKHZDV
OLNHO\WRKHDU
+HKDGEHHQWKUHHZKHQWKHGUHDGHGDPDWHXUUDGLRYLUXV 7KH *105 46/ EHDUV WKLV SKRWR RI WKH DXWKRU DQG KHU
DWWDFNHGRXUKRPHDQGOLNHWKH3ODJXHZKLFKKDGGHFLPDW KXVEDQG1RWH0DXULFH
VKDQGRYHUWKHPLNH²QRERG\RWKHU
HG/RQGRQWKUHHFHQWXULHVDJRVWUXFNGRZQWKHIDPLO\RQH WKDQDOLFHQVHG%ULWLVKDPDWHXUPD\XVHWKHWUDVPLWWHU

PDWLRQ WKRXJKWIXOO\ LQFOXGHG LQ KLV 46/ FRXOG UHOLDEO\
PHOWWKHKHDUWRIWKHWKRUQLHVW';SHGLWLRQLVWDQGVTXHH]H
DFDUGRXWRIKLP
5HDOL]LQJWKDWWKLVWKLQJZDVELJJHUWKDQDQ\RIXVDQGWKDW
LWZDVKHUHWRVWD\,MRLQHGLQWRR,OLVWHQUHJXODUO\WRDGDLO\
%%&QDWLRQZLGHSURJUDPFDOOHG³:RPDQ¶V+RXU´ZLWK
DQDXGLHQFHUDWLQJRIWZRPLOOLRQDQGDFRQVLVWHQWO\KLJKVWDQ
GDUGRIPDJD]LQHPDWHULDO$ZRPDQWDONHGRQHGD\DERXW
KHUVXIIHULQJVDVWKHZLIHRIDILVKLQJDGGLFW
³,VXIIHUPRUHWKDQWKDW´,VDLGDQGZURWHWKHPDQDUWLFOH
DERXWRXUDIIOLFWLRQ%ULWLVKOLFHQVLQJODZVIRUELGDQ\ERG\
H[FHSWDOLFHQVHGDPDWHXUWRXVHWKHWUDQVPLWWHUXQGHUDQ\
FLUFXPVWDQFHVZKDWVRHYHU6RIRUELGGHQWRXVHRXU%ULWLVK
*80//DXULH0DUJROLVWKHDXWKRU
VHOGHVWVRQZKRREWDLQHG DPDWHXUZDWWSRZHUOLPLWZHQWRXWRQNLORZDWWV
KLVOLFHQVHDWWKHPLQLPXP%ULWLVKDJH\HDUV $IWHU , KDG VDLG P\ ELW D PDQ FDPH LQWR WKH VWXGLR
³:KHUHLVWKHZRPDQZKRWDONHGDERXWUDGLR"´KHGHPDQG
DIWHUDQRWKHU-RQQ\¶VHOGHUEURWKHU/DXULHDJHGHLJKWFRXOG HG,FRQIHVVHG
VWLOOIDLQWO\UHPHPEHUWKHKDSS\WLPHVZKHQDUDGLRZDVD ³<RX¶UHZDQWHG´KHVDLG
WKLQJ\RXVZLWFKHGRQWRKHDUWKHQHZVDQDQWHQQDZDYHG 7KLVZDV,7,KDGFRPPLWWHGDQREVFHQLW\RUIXVHGWKH
RQWKHKHDGRIDPRWKDQG1HZ<RUNZDVWKUHHWKRXVDQG %%&WUDQVPLWWHUVRURIIHQGHGGH*DXOOH7KHUHZRXOGEH
PLOHV DZD\ %XW -RQQ\ NQHZ QRWKLQJ HOVH 7KLV ZDV KLV DTXLFNWULDODQG,ZRXOGEHVKRWDWGDZQRUSHUKDSVLWPLJKW
ZRUOG'DGG\VWXGLHGFRGHDQGWKHRU\ZLWKWKHEOLQNHUHG EHPDGHWRORRNOLNHDQDFFLGHQWWRVDWLVI\WKH&,$$W
FRQFHQWUDWLRQRID3LOJULP)DWKHUVWDONLQJKLVILUVW7KDQNV ZRUVW,ZRXOGKDYHWRSD\EDFNWKHGROODUVWKH\ZHUHFRQ
JLYLQJ 'LQQHU /DXULH ZKR PXVW FRS\ HYHU\WKLQJ 'DGG\ WUDFWHGWRSD\PH
GLG HQWHUHG WKH QHZ HOHPHQW VXSUHPHO\ FRQILGHQW WKDW LW ³:KHUHDUHZHJRLQJ"´,DVNHGP\JDROHU
ZRXOGKROGKLPXSOLNHWKH'HDG6HD0RWKHULQXUHGE\ ³&KLHI(QJLQHHUZDQWVWRVHH\RX´
WKHQWRDGR]HQHTXDOO\XQOLNHO\REVHVVLRQVLQWRDFFHSWLQJ 6RLWZDVWKHWUDQVPLWWHUV,KDGEORZQQRW1$72
DPDWHXUUDGLRDV\HWDQRWKHUSKDVHLQWKH+DUG'D\¶V1LJKW WULHGWRILJXUHRXWKRZORQJLWZRXOGWDNHPHWRSD\EDFN
WKDWZDVKHUPDUULDJHZDVXQFRPPLWWHG7KLVFRXOGEHQR WZRPLOOLRQGROODUVRQP\GUHVVDOORZDQFHRIWZHQW\GRO
ZRUVH WKDQ SKRWRJUDSK\ PRYLHPDNLQJ ZRRGWXUQLQJ ODUVDPRQWK
PRGHO ERDWV HOHFWULF WUDLQV UXJPDNLQJ DQG WKH DSSOH :HDUULYHG7KH&KLHI(QJLQHHUZDVDKDP+HZDQWHG
FLGHUKRQH\FXOW2UFRXOGLW" PHWRKDYHWHDZLWKKLP
0DXULFHSDVVHGWKHH[DPLQDWLRQVDQGEHFDPH*105 $IWHUWKLV,EHJDQWRZULWHIRU%ULWLVKDQG$PHULFDQDPD
/DXULHEHFDPHDIDQDWLFDOVKRUWZDYHOLVWHQHU:LWKDFKLOG¶V WHXUUDGLRPDJD]LQHVDQG0RELOH1HZV KDSSHQHG0DXULFH
DVWRXQGLQJPHPRU\IRUVWDWLVWLFVKHZDVVRRQDQDXWKRULW\ MRLQHG WKH WLQ\ QHZERUQ $PDWHXU 5DGLR 0RELOH 6RFLHW\
RQ';DQGDIULHQGKLJKXSLQWKHOLVWLQJRQFHFDOOHGXVWR )ROORZLQJWKHSDWWHUQRIDOOFOXEVWKDWVXUYLYHWKHILUVWWKUHH
FKHFN D NQRWW\ SRLQW RI FRUDOUHHI SURWRFRO QRW ZLWK PRQWKV$506VRXJKWLPPRUWDOLW\LQWKHSULQWHGZRUG
*105EXWZLWK/DXULHDOORI\HDUVROGZKRKDQGOHG 0DXULFHRZQHGDQDQFLHQWKDQGRSHUDWHGPLPHRJUDSKKLV
WKHSUREOHPDVFDOPO\DQGFDSDEO\DV87KDQW ZLIHKDGDW\SHZULWHUDQGKHUH\HRQWKH(GLWRULDOFKDLURI
6R -RQQ\ HPHUJHG IURP LQIDQF\ LQWR D FKLOGKRRG WKDW WKH1HZ<RUNHUQROHVV
VHHPHGQRUPDOHQRXJKWRKLPSRRUPLWHLIIDLQWO\RGGWR 6R0RELOH1HZV ZDVERUQVLQJOHVKHHWSDURFKLDOFOXPV\
RWKHUSHRSOH+HDFFHSWHGWKLQJVDVFKLOGUHQZLOODFFHSWWKH 6HYHQ\HDUVODWHULWLVDEXON\DXWKRULWDWLYHSULQWHGPDJD]LQH
VWUDQJHVWVLWXDWLRQVVRORQJDVWKH\FDQFDOOWKHP+RPH ZLWKZRUOGFLUFXODWLRQDQGHQRUPRXVSUHVWLJHDQGLQIOXHQFH
6RPHNLGVJHWSDUHQWVZKRJDPEOHDZD\WKHJURFHU\PRQH\ DOWKRXJKPRVWRIWKHZRUNLVVWLOOGRQHYROXQWDULO\
DQGKDYHWROLYHRQ5HOLHIZKRGULQNDQGEHDWHDFKRWKHU
XSZKHQWKHUH¶VQRWKLQJZRUWKZDWFKLQJRQ79ZKRJHW
UHOLJLRQ2XUNLGVJRW*105DQGKLV(YHU/RYLQJ:LIH
2WKHUFKLOGUHQSOD\HGFRZER\VDQGLQGLDQV/DXULHDQG
-RQQ\SOD\HGKDPVDQGERRWOHJJHUVRUEHWWHUVWLOOKDPVDQG
)&&,QVSHFWRUV2WKHUNLGVSOD\HGSROLFHFDUVFKDVLQJJDQJ
VWHUV -RQQ\ GURYH KLV NLGG\FDU DURXQG VD\LQJ² ³7KH
QDPHLV-RQQ\,VSHOO²720´
2WKHUFKLOGUHQDQQRWDWHGFDUQXPEHUVRUWUDLQRUSODQH
QXPEHUV 0\ FKLOGUHQ FRPSHWHG WR VHH ZKR FRXOG KHDU
';&& TXLFNHVW IURP WKH VWDUW RI WKH VFKRRO YDFDWLRQV
/DXULHGLGLWRQFHRQPHWHUVLQKRXUV,QVWHDGRIWR\V
IRU ELUWKGD\V DQG &KULVWPDV P\ FKLOGUHQ DVNHG IRU WKHLU
YHU\RZQVXEVFULSWLRQVWRWKH5DGLR6RFLHW\RI*UHDW%ULWDLQ $ WKH DXWKRU
V \RXQJHU VRQ -RQDWKDQ DQ DYLG VKRUW
$WQLQH/DXULHZDVWKH\RXQJHVWPHPEHUHYHUZKLFKLQIRU ZDYHOLVWHQHU

0RELOH1HZV ZHHNLQRXUKRPHHDFKPRQWKLVOLNH6SULQJ
FOHDQLQJ ZHHN LQ RWKHUV $OO H[WUDQHRXV DFWLYLW\ VWRSV
(YHU\ERG\LVSUHVVHGLQWRKHOSLQJ²SURRIUHDGLQJFKHFN
LQJFRPSRVLQJSODJLDULVLQJ9LVLWRUVHYHQKDPYLVLWRUVDUH
ILUPO\ GLVFRXUDJHG XQOHVV WKH\ DUH WKH EHDUHUV RI JRRG
³FRS\´6RPHWLPHVHYHQWKHULJLVVZLWFKHGRIIEHIRUHWKH
ILODPHQWVLQWKHWXEHVJORZUHGVRGHYRWHGDUHZHWRWKHSUR
GXFWLRQRIWKLV]DQ\EDE\ZKRJUHZVRELJDQGVDVV\
7KHUHVWULFWLRQVRQWKHLUVRFLDOOLIHGLVWXUEHGRXUFKLOGUHQ
QRWDWDOO,QWKH6XPPHUWKH\KDG+DPIHVWV5DUHO\DZHHN
HQGJRHVE\ZLWKRXWDFRXSOHRIWKHVHRQWKHSURJUDPDQG
%ULWDLQLVVRVPDOOWKDWWKHUHLVDOZD\VDQHYHQWDIHZKRXUV¶
GULYHIURPKRPH
7KH%ULWLVK+DPIHVWXVXDOO\WDNHVWKHIRUPRID³0RELOH
5DOO\´ZLWKUDGLRDPDWHXUVGULYLQJLQZLWKWKHLUIDPLOLHV
DQGIULHQGVWRSLFQLFUDJFKHZDQGRFFDVLRQDOO\SDUWLFLSDWH 2YHUVHDVJXHVWVDUHJLYHQWKH9,3WUHDWPHQW:$+5%LOO
LQOHLVXUHGDQGGLOHWWDQWHIDVKLRQLQWKHHQWHUWDLQPHQWVSUR &DUWHU ZDV WDNHQ WR WKH IDPRXV 56*% 5DOO\ DW :REXUQ
$EEH\DQFHVWUDOKRPHRIWKH'XNHRI%HGIRUG7KHVLOYHUGRO
YLGHG)DYRXULWHPHHWLQJVSRWVDUHWKRVHPDJQLILFHQWHVWDWHV ODUWKHDXWKRULVZHDULQJZDVJLYHQKHUE\.%*60DU\6WXUNH\
DQGSDODFHVRZQHGE\GHSULYHGDULVWRFUDWVZKRRSHQWKHLU
JDWHVWRWKHSXEOLFDWFHQWVDKHDGVRWKDWWKH\FDQDIIRUG
WKHYDVWXSNHHSRIWKHVHLQKHULWHGDQDFKURQLVPV+HUHWKH $PLGDQJXLVKHGKRZOV-RQQ\ZRXOGUDSLGO\EHDFTXLULQJ
SHDVDQWVFDQJDSHDWKXQGUHGVRIDFUHVRISDUNODQGPLOOLRQV WKHWUDXPDWKDWZRXOGGULYHKLPLQODWHU\HDUVWRKLWROGODGLHV
RIGROODUV¶ZRUWKRIDQWLTXHVDQGSDLQWLQJVDOOLQWKHLURULJ RYHUWKHKHDGDQGDWWULEXWHLWDOOWRVLEOLQJULYDOU\
LQDOVHWWLQJVZLWKWKHFKDQFHRIEHLQJVKRZQURXQGE\DUHDO ³&DSLWDORI&RVWD5LFD-RQQ\"´
'XNHZKRWRPDQ\RIWKHPZRXOGORRNIDUEHWWHUKDQJLQJ ³6DQ-RVH´
IURP D ODPSSRVW 7KLV LV 'HPRFUDF\ DW ZRUN :REXUQ 7KDWZD\\RXOHDUQIDVW:KHQ7,:5KDVGLQHGLQ\RXU
DQFHVWUDOKRPHRIWKH'XNHRI%HGIRUGLVWKHPRVWSRSXODU KRPHDQG\RXUPRWKHUKDVPDGHDIRRORIKHUVHOIGHPRQ
DOWKRXJK%HGIRUGKDVEHHQKRSHOHVVO\RXWFODVVHGE\ULYDO VWUDWLQJKHUSHUIHFWFRIIHHWKHQWRILQGWKDW:DOWHULVDFRI
/RUG%DWKZKRLQWURGXFHGWRKLVHVWDWHIXOOJURZQOLRQV IHHJURZHU²WKDWZD\\RXOHDUQYHU\IDVWDOODERXWH[RWLF
$OO%ULWDLQHDJHUO\DZDLWVWKHQHZVRIWKHILUVWWRXULVWWREH FRXQWULHV
HDWHQ0RELOHKDPVDUHKRSLQJWREHDWWDFNHGE\DOLRQVR <RXOHDUQWKHIDFWVRIOLIHWRRQRWDOOWKDWMD]]DERXWELUGV
WKDWWKH\FDQSXWRXWD0$<'$< DQGEHHVDQGKRUPRQHVEXWXVHIXOLQIRUPDWLRQYLWDOWRD
³<RX¶UHQRWJRLQJWREHOLHYHWKLV2OG0DQEXW´ JURZLQJER\OLNHKRZWRILQHWXQHDUHFHLYHUDOODERXWGLJ
7KH5DOO\RUJDQL]HUVQHHGGRQRPRUHWKDQVHWXSWKHLU LWDOUHDGRXWWKHJDLQDTXDGKDVRYHUD\DJLKRZWRJHWD
WDONLQ VWDWLRQV DUUDQJH D IHZ HVRWHULF FRQWHVWV DQG VLGH 46/RXWRIDUDUHVWDWLRQDQGZKHUH'RQ0LOOHULVOLNHO\WR
VKRZVDQGH[SORLWWKHVWDWXVTXR JRQH[W
2QHRIWKHELJJHVWRIWKHVH5DOOLHVLVWKHRQHZKLFKWKH 6RPHSHRSOHORRNDWWKHLUKRPHDVDVKHOWHUIURPWKHFROG
$PDWHXU 5DGLR 0RELOH 6RFLHW\ RUJDQL]HV RQ D 86 $LU DQGUDLQDIRUWUHVVRISULYDF\SURWHFWLQJWKHPIURPWKHRXW
)RUFH%DVH²FRPLQJVKRUWO\LQ&4²´4XLHW:HHNHQGZLWK VLGHZRUOGDUHIXJHRISHDFHDQGIDPLO\KDUPRQ\V\PERO
8QFOH6DP´ LVHGE\URVHVURXQGWKHGRRUWKHROGURFNLQJFKDLUWKHVPHOO
7KHLU XQFRQYHQWLRQDO HQYLURQPHQW KDG D VSHFWDFXODU RIQHZEUHDGZLWKDURV\FKHHNHGJUH\KDLUHGPRWKHUVPLO
HIIHFWRQWKHFKLOGUHQ¶VHGXFDWLRQZKLFKWHQGHGVRPHWLPHV LQJKHUZHOFRPH
WRWKHVWDUWOLQJ7KHVWUHDPRIRYHUVHDVJXHVWVZKRYLVLWXV 7KHURVHVURXQGRXUGRRUQHHGSUXQLQJEHFDXVH'DGG\LV
LVRQWKHZKROHDVSOHQGLGLQIOXHQFHDSDUWIURPWKHRFFD EXV\EXLOGLQJKLVQHZ+HDWKNLWWKHVPHOORIQHZEUHDGLV
VLRQDOODSVHOLNHWKHYHU\GLVWLQJXLVKHG9(VXUJHRQZKR OLNHO\ WR EH RYHUZKHOPHG E\ WKH VWLQN RI PHOWLQJ WUDQV
VKRXOGKDYHNQRZQEHWWHUZKRWDXJKWWKH,QIDQW-RQQ\WKH IRUPHUVRUD6SDQLVKRPHOHWWHEHLQJFRRNHGWKHZD\KHXVHG
ZRUGVRIRQHRIWKH7RP/HKUHUVRQJVRIFRXUVHLWKDGWR WRGRLWRQWRSRIDPRXQWDLQLQ$IJKDQLVWDQE\.,:*
EHWKHRQHDERXWYLULOLW\DQG-RQQ\WDXJKWWKHPWRWKHOLWWOH 7KHJUH\KDLUHGPRWKHUGRHVQ¶WH[LVWSHULRG5DWKHUDEODFN
JLUOQH[WGRRU WUHVVHG3RO\FRORXUµ5DYHQ%ODFN´WHUPDJDQWZKR\HOOVDW
%XWWKHZLGHQLQJRIWKHLUVXEXUEDQ%ULWLVKKRUL]RQZDV WKHNLGVWRJHWWKHLURZQVXSSHUEHFDXVHVKHKDVWRPHHWD
LQGXELWDEOH7KXV/DXULHZRXOGLQVWUXFWKLV\HDUROGEURWK &4 GHDGOLQH
HU²´-RQQ\ZKDW¶VWKHFDSLWDORI%UD]LO"´ 2XU KRPH KDV D GXDO IXQFWLRQ DV D UDGLR 47+ DQG DQ
³%UDVLOLD´ DQQH[HRIWKH/RQGRQ+LOWRQ,QERWKFKDUDFWHUVLWIDLOVSLWL
³&RUUHFW:KDW¶VWKHFDSLWDORI9HQH]XHOD"´ IXOO\$VD47+LWLVDPHUHIHHWDERYHVHDOHYHODQG
³&DUDFDV´ WKHUH LV URRP RQO\ IRU RQH WHOHVFRSLF WRZHU 7KH DUHD LV
³&RUUHFW:KDW¶VWKHFDSLWDORI&RVWD5LFD"´ GHQVHO\LQKDELWHGE\GHYRWHG79IDQVDQGWKHUHLVDIDFWR
³'RQ¶WNQRZ´ U\QHDUE\ZKLFKXVHVDQUIZHOGLQJSURFHVVWRPDNHIXUQL
%DVK WXUH:K\FDQ¶WSHRSOHPDNHGRZLWKVDZQORJVDQGEXIID
³1RZ-RQQ\ZKDW¶VWKHFDSLWDORI&RVWD5LFD"´ ORKLGHVIRUIXUQLWXUH"

$VD+LOWRQDQQH[HZHPDNHDSRRUVKRZIRUZHKDYH VWDONLQJDQHSKHPHUDOLPPHQVHO\UDUHVWDWLRQZLWKILHUFH
RQO\RQHVSDUHEHGDQGFDQ¶WDFFRPPRGDWHPRUHWKDQ FRQFHQWUDWLRQDQGSDWLHQFHSRXQFLQJDWWKHSUHFLVHPRPHQW
SHRSOHIRUDSDUW\6RZKHQDQRYHUVHDVYLVLWRUREH\VP\ IRUWKHNLOO,KHDUGKLPVOLSQDWXUDOO\LQWRWKHUROHRI0&
KXVEDQG¶VEXUEOLQJVRQPHWHUVWR³GURSLQZKHQKHLVLQ VRWKDWDJURXSRI(XURSHDQVZKRDOOZDQWHGWRZRUN'RQ
/RQGRQ´DQGWKHORFDO%R\VFRPHWRPHHWKLPZHKDYHWR 0LOOHUUHVSRQGHGJUDWHIXOO\WRWKHLFHFROGFRQWURORIWKLV
OLPLWWKHJXHVWOLVWWRDQH[WHQWWKDWLVIUXVWUDWLQJDQGLQGLUHFW LQIDQWSURGLJ\+RUULILHG,KHDUGKLPWHOOD8$WKDWKHZDV
FRQWUDYHQWLRQRIWKH+DP6SLULW VSODWWHULQJDQ,WDOLDQWKDWKHZDVFDOOLQJULJKWRQWRSRI*XV
1HYHUWKHOHVVWKH*XHVW%RRNKDVQHDUO\DFKLHYHG';&& %URZQLQJ7KLVZDVP\NLG\HDUVROGWDNLQJKLVSODFH
DQGWKHNLGVDUHQHYHUVXUSULVHGDWDQ\WKLQJRUDQ\RQHWKDW FDOPO\DPRQJKLVSHHUVDPDQDPRQJPHQ,DVNHGDGLV
DUULYHVZKHWKHULWEHIRUFRIIHHDGULQNGLQQHUWKHQLJKW WLQJXLVKHG%ULWLVK';HUKRZ/DXULHZDVVKDSLQJ:DVKH
WKHZHHNHQGWKHZHHNRUWKH6XPPHU QRWDUURJDQWEUDVKULGLQJIRUDIDOO"1RLWVHHPHGKHZDV
0\FKLOGUHQDUHE\QRPHDQVFRQGHPQHGWRDOLIHWKDWLV GRLQJYHU\QLFHO\LQGHHGDQGKDGWKHPDNLQJVRIDFUHGLWDEOH
HQWLUHO\ EXFROLF DQG KRPHVSXQ 7KHUH LV VRSKLVWLFDWHG ';SHGLWLRQHU
HQWHUWDLQPHQWIRUWKHPOLNHWKH/RQGRQ66%'LQQHUVWKH %XWWKH2OG/LRQZDVVWLOOWRKDYHKLVXVHV&DPHWKH79,
56*% *ROGHQ -XELOHH DQG WKH WLPH ZH PDUULHG RII FRPSODLQWV)RUPRQWKVZHFRXQWHUHGWKHPZLWKWULHGDQG
.,:*DOOWDOHVWROGLQ&4:HUHJUHWWHGWDNLQJWKHPWR WUXVWHGURXWLQHVOLNH
WKH66%'LQQHUEHFDXVHWKH\ERWKKDGWRKDYHQHZVXLWV ³'R\RXKDYHDOLFHQVHWRUHFHLYHP\WUDQVPLVVLRQV"´
VKLUWV DQG VKRHV ZKLFK WKH\ RQO\ ZRUH RQFH DIWHUZDUGV ZLWKWKDWIURVW\ORRNWKDWRQO\ZH%ULWLVKFDQDFKLHYHSURS
ZKHQZHPDUULHGRII.,:*1RZWKH\SURSHUO\XQGHU HUO\RU
VWDQGWKDWWKH\SUHIHURXWGRRUHYHQWVZKHUHVZHDWHUVDQG ³:KDWDERXWWKDWJLIW\RXUGRJOHDYHVRQP\IURQWSDWK
MHDQVDUHWKHWKLQJDQGPXFKFKHDSHU HYHU\ PRUQLQJ"´ $OO WHFKQLTXHV JXDUDQWHHG WR KHOS \RX
:LWKRQHOLFHQVHGDPDWHXUDQGWZRVKRUWZDYHOLVWHQHUVLQ PDNHIULHQGVDQGLQIOXHQFHSHRSOH
WKHKRXVHOLIHVHHPHGFRPSOLFDWHGEXWLWZDVVLPSOHFRP 7KH QHLJKERUV ZHUH LQIOXHQFHG DOULJKW WR WKH H[WHQW RI
SDUHGZLWKZKDWZDVWRFRPH VHQGLQJD3HWLWLRQWRWKH*32
0\VHFRQGKDPZDVERUQLQ*HQHYD:HZHUHWKHUHRQ /DXULHDVNHGWUHPXORXVO\³:KDWVKDOO,GR'DG"´
YDFDWLRQZKHQZHKHDUGRYHU8,78WKDW/DXULHKDGSDVVHG 7KH *32 ,QVSHFWRUV ZHUH ZRQGHUIXOO\ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ
KLVUDGLRDPDWHXU¶VH[DPLQDWLRQ DQGDFFHSWHG0DXULFH¶VH[SODQDWLRQWKDWWKDWKRXUV¶VROLG
7KLVFKDQJHRIVWDWXVPHDQWDFHUWDLQDPRXQWRIUHWKLQN RSHUDWLRQZLWKWKHOLQHDUIODWRXWZDVRQO\WRERRVW%ULWDLQ¶V
LQWKHIDPLO\$SSRLQWPHQWVKDGWREHPDGHWRXVHWKHULJ SUHVWLJHLQD&RQWHVWDQGWKDWQHYHUQHYHU ZRXOGLWKDSSHQ
0DXULFHVZLIWO\DQGZLWKKXPLOLW\OHDUQWWKDWKHKDGEHHQ DJDLQ*105DQG*80/DUHVWLOORQWKHDLU
GRLQJLWDOOZURQJIRU\HDUVWKDWKHODFNHGDSSOLFDWLRQLQKLV 1RZWKHV\VWHPLVVLPSOHDQGLQIDOOLEOH-RQQ\DJHG
TXHVWIRU';WKDWKLVSURJUHVVXSWKH/DGGHUZDVODPHQWD DQGSURXGRIWKHDXWKRULW\YHVWHGLQKLPDFFHSWVWKDWKH
EO\VORZ+HZDVVWLOOSHUPLWWHGWKRXJKWRDWWHQGWRVXFK QHHGVOLWWOHVOHHSDIWHU$0$VDYHU\VSHFLDOSULYLOHJH
WULYLDDVSD\LQJOLFHQVHIHHVDQGVXSSO\LQJHTXLSPHQWDQG KHLVDOORZHGWRVWDUWPRQLWRULQJDWGDZQZKHQWKH3DFLILF
46/¶V,QWKDWVSKHUHKHUHPDLQHG'HDU2OG'DG DQGRWKHUJRRGLHVFRPHLQ,IDQ\WKLQJVSHFLDOLVDURXQGKH
7KH&RUGRQ%OHXRI%ULWLVKDZDUGVRQHZKLFKLVHDJHUO\ PXVWUXVKXSVWDLUVWRZDNHKLVIDWKHUDQGEURWKHU
VRXJKWDQGSUL]HGDERYHDOORWKHUVLVWKH&RPPRQZHDOWK 2FFDVLRQDOO\WU\LQJWRRKDUGPD\EH-RQQ\PLVWDNHVDQ
';&OXE&HUWLILFDWHZLWKLWVGLVWLQFWLYHEDGJHIRUZKLFK )IRUDQ)2DQ($IRUD-$DQGVRXQGVDIDOVHDODUP
\RXKDYHWRZRUN&RPPRQZHDOWKFRXQWULHVRQDQG 7KHQKHLVVRXQGO\EHDWHQDQGWKHHUURURIKLVZD\VH[SODLQHG
PRUH RQ DQ\ RWKHU EDQG RU EDQGV ,W¶V YHU\ GLIILFXOW WRKLP,IKHEHKDYHVVRLUUHVSRQVLEO\KHZLOOQHYHUJURZ
0DXULFHKDGZDLWHGWKUHH\HDUVIRUWKHODVWHOXVLYH46/DQG WREHELJDQGVWURQJDQGDOLFHQVHGUDGLRDPDWHXUOLNH'DGG\
FRXQWHGKLPVHOIOXFN\WKDWLWDUULYHGLQWLPHIRUKLPWRFODLP DQG/DXULH,IKHGRHVZHOODQGILQGVWKHPDWOHDVWRQHQHZ
WKHFRYHWHGEDGJHEHIRUHKLVVRQ FRXQWU\DZHHNDQGQHYHUOHWV*XV%URZQLQJRXWRIKLVKHDU
,OLVWHQHGIDVFLQDWHGDV/DXULHHOHJDQWO\KDQGOHGDVKHDI LQJKHLVUHZDUGHGE\EHLQJDEOHWRORJWKHPRUVHOVKLPVHOI
RI MRVWOLQJ :¶V VKXIIOLQJ WKHP LQWR GLVFLSOLQHG RUGHU RU 2IVXFKLVWKH.LQJGRPRI+HDYHQ
7UDQVPLWWHU+XQWVRQ9+)
+HOHQ6LJQRUHOOL..83
:HKDYHEHHQKXQWLQJ DQGKLGLQJWUDQVPLWWHUVRQWZR :H DOO PHHW LQ WKH 9DQ 1X\V 6KHUPDQ 2DNV :DU
PHWHUVIRUWKHSDVWWKUHH\HDUV(YHU\RWKHU6DWXUGD\QLJKW 0HPRULDO3DUN$WHLJKW30VKDUSWKHKLGGHQWUDQVPLWWHU
ZHDWKHURUQRWWKH6DQ)HUQDQGR9DOOH\JDQJJHWRXWWKHLU FDOOV³&47KH+XQW´$IWHUFKHFNLQJLQDOOWKHFDUVZLWKWKH
WZRPHWHUJHDUDQGJHWRQWKHKXQW(YHU\RQHLVLQYLWHGDQG KLGGHQWUDQVPLWWHUZHUHFRUGHDFKFDU
VPLOHDJH7KHZLQ
WKHUHDUHQRUXOHVRUUHJXODWLRQV,WLVVXUSULVLQJWRVHHWKH QHUZLOOKDYHWKHORZHVWPLOHDJH7KLVZDVGRQHWRHOLPL
GLIIHUHQWDJHVRISHRSOHZKRWXUQRXWIRUWKHVHKXQWV:H QDWHUDWUDFLQJDQGWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIVRPHRQHJHWWLQJKXUW
KDYH KDG EDELHV LQ EDVNHWV WR WKH YHU\ \RXQJ DW KHDUW 7KHWUDIILFKHUHLQWKH6DQ)HUQDQGR9DOOH\LVYHU\EDGHVSH
(YHU\RQHKDVIXQ FLDOO\RQD6DWXUGD\QLJKW

+HOHQ..83ERVVLQJWKHRSHUDWLRQ
FUDZOHGEDFNOHDYLQJEHKLQGKLPDYHU\FOHDQGUDLQSLSH
:HKHDUGODWHUWKDWZHZHUHSXWWLQJRXWDILYHQLQHSOXVVLJ
QDOULJKWLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKHULYHU
,QWKHPHDQWLPH,ZDVO\LQJRQWKHVLGHZDONYHU\LQWHU
*RQVHWJHDUEHLQJORZHUHGLQWRWKHPDQKROH HVWHGLQERVVLQJWKHMREDQGFRPSOHWHO\XQDZDUHRIDQ\WKLQJ
RWKHUWKDQWKHDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHGUDLQ4XLWHVXGGHQO\,KHDUG
$IWHUWKUHH\HDUVWKHUHGLGQ
WVHHPWREHDQ\PRUHJRRG DJHQWOHPDQVD\³/DG\FDQ,EHRIDQ\KHOS"´:HOO,FRXOG
SODFHVWRKLGH:HZHUHVWXPSHG6RZHGHFLGHGRQXVLQJ KDYHIDOOHQWKURXJKWKHPDQKROHDQGIORDWHGGRZQWKHULYHU
VWUDWHJ\(DUO\RQH6DWXUGD\PRUQLQJZHZHQWRXWORRNLQJ ,FDOPO\DQVZHUHG³1RWKDQN\RX´$V,ORRNEDFN,ZRQ
QRWVRPXFKIRUORFDWLRQEXWIRUWKHXQXVXDO$IWHUVFRXW GHU³:KDWFRXOGWKLVPDQKDYHWKRXJKW"´$ODG\O\LQJRQ
LQJDURXQGIRUVRPHWLPHZHIRXQGQRWRQO\WKHLGHDOORFD WKHVLGHZDONORRNLQJGRZQDGUDLQ
WLRQEXWWKHSHUIHFWSODFHIRURXUPDGVFKHPH :HVHWWKHWZR&RPPXQLFDWRUVLQWRWKHGUDLQSLSHWKHQ
$WWKHHQGRIDGHDGHQGVWUHHWZHIRXQGDJXWWHUIHGVWRUP FDUHIXOO\ODLGSDGGLQJDQGWXPEOHZHHGVRQWKHPWRGHDGHQ
GUDLQ2QWKHVLGHZDONZDVDPDQKROHFRYHU$IWHUWDNLQJ WKHVRXQGDQGFRYHUXSWKHGLDOOLJKWV:HWKHQSURFHHGHG
RIIWKHPDQKROHFRYHUZHIRXQGDVSDFHDERXWVL[IHHWKLJK WRWKHQH[WVWHSLQRXUDGYHQWXUH
ILYHIHHWZLGHDQGDERXWILYHIHHWORQJ+HUHZDVDQLFHURRP 7KHORFDWLRQIRUWKHWKLUGWUDQVPLWWHUWKHUHPRWHWUDQV
EXLOWWRRUGHUDQGODUJHHQRXJKIRUXVWRJHWLQWRDQGVHWXS PLWWHUZDVDERXWWKUHHKXQGUHGIHHWIURPWKHVWRUPGUDLQ
WKHJHDU7KHGUDLQSLSHOHDGLQJIURPWKLVVSDFHZDVDERXW DQGRYHUDVPDOOKLOOKLGGHQIURPYLHZ7KLVZDVSRZHUHG
WZR KXQGUHG IHHW ORQJ DQG HPSWLHG LQWR WKH /RV $QJHOHV ZLWKDVL[YROWEDWWHU\DQGXVHGDQLQHWHHQLQFKZKLS
ULYHU:HSODQQHGWRXVHWKHGUDLQSLSHIRUDZDYHJXLGHEXW $ GXPP\ ILYH HOHPHQW EHDP ZDV SXW XS RQ WKH IHQFH
EHLQJFRUUXJDWHGLWGLGQ
WZRUNRXW
7KUHHWZRPHWHU*RQVHW&RPPXQLFDWRUVZHUHXVHGIRU
WKLVKXQW7ZR&RPPXQLFDWRUVSRZHUHGZLWKDODUJHVL[YROW
WUXFN EDWWHU\ ZHUH ORZHUHG LQWR WKH PDQKROH 7KHVH WZR
&RPPXQLFDWRUVZHUHXVHGDVUHSHDWHUUHFHLYHUDQGWUDQV
PLWWHU7KHDXGLRIURPWKHUHSHDWHUUHFHLYHUZDVSLSHGLQWR
WKHUHSHDWHUWUDQVPLWWHU:HXVHGDQLQHWHHQLQFKZKLSRQ
WKHUHSHDWHUUHFHLYHUDQGVHWLWRQUHFHLYH7KHUHSHDWHUWUDQV
PLWWHUZDVVHWRQWUDQVPLW7KHDQWHQQDIRUWKHUHSHDWHUWUDQV
PLWWHUZDVDWWKHHQGRIWZRKXQGUHGIHHWRIFRD[ZKLFK
ZDVUXQWKURXJKWKHGUDLQSLSH,WWRRNWKHWKLQPDQRIWKH
JDQJWRFUDZOLQWRWKHGUDLQSLSHZKLFKZDVDERXWWKUHHIHHW
DURXQGDQGWZRKXQGUHGIHHWRYHUWRWKHULYHUWRSXWXSWKH
VSULQJVWHHOFHQWHUIHGGLSROH,WDOOZRUNHGILQHXQWLOKHJRW
WRWKHHQGRIWKHGUDLQWRLQVWDOOWKHDQWHQQD1RZKRZWR
WXUQDURXQGDQGFRPHEDFN"6KRXOGKHFUDZOEDFNZDUGVWZR
KXQGUHG IHHW" 1R WKDW ZDV WRR VORZ DQG XQFRPIRUWDEOH
*RLQJXSZDVRXWRIWKHTXHVWLRQDVWKHUHLVDVWRUPIHQFH
VL[IHHWKLJKUXQQLQJDORQJWKHWRSRIWKHULYHU6RKHKXQJ
RQWKHHGJHRIWKHGUDLQSLSHWXUQHGKLPVHOIDURXQGDQG /DUJHGUDLQZDVZKHUHWKHDQWHQQDZDVLQVWDOOHG

Secure online ordering at:
www.buddipole.com
BUDDIPOLE FEATURES
• Multi-band design works 9 bands
(40 meters thru 2 meters) with one set
of adjustable coils!
WHAT IS THE BUDDIPOLE?
• Rated from QRP to 250 watts PEP
THE BUDDIPOLE™ PORTABLE DIPOLE FITS
• Modular Design – create dozens of
IN YOUR TRAVEL BAG AND ASSEMBLES IN
different antennas with interchangeable
MINUTES. THE BUDDIPOLE IS MORE THAN parts
AN ANTENNA, IT’S A VERSATILE SYSTEM
FOR LAUNCHING YOUR SIGNAL. OPTIMIZED • Rotatable/Directional
FOR TRANSMIT POWER AND PROVEN • Lightweight, rugged components
FOR DX WORK, THE BUDDIPOLE IS THE
SECRET WEAPON USED BY HF PORTABLE • Rotating Arm Kit allows users to
OPERATORS ALL OVER THE WORLD. instantly change antenna configurations
• Used by Emergency Services Groups

throughout the world
MINI BUDDIPOLE ™
Same quality and performance as the

standard Buddipole in a more compact
package which easily fits inside a
daypack or small suitcase.
See our videos tel: (503) 591 8001

www.youtube.com/buddipole info@buddipole.com fax: (503) 214 6802
DFURVVWKHULYHU7KHHQGRIWKHFRD[ZDVEXULHGLQWKHJURXQG HYHQWULHGWRFOLPEWKHVWRUPGUDLQIHQFHDORQJWKHULYHUEXW
DQG D QRWH ZKLFK UHDG ³<RX¶YH JRW WKH DQWHQQD ² 1RZ WKHEDUEHGZLUHRQWKHWRSVWRSSHGWKHP
:KDW"´ :H ILJXUHG WKH WUDQVPLWWHU KXQWHUV ZRXOG FRPH $ERXWHOHYHQWKLUW\WKHVHHNHUVGHFLGHGZHZHUHQHLWKHULQ
GLUHFWO\WRWKHGXPP\DQWHQQDDVLWZDVFORVHVWWRRXUDQWHQ WKHULYHURURQWKHLUVLGH)LQDOO\WKH\FDPHRYHUWRRXUVLGH
QDLQWKHULYHU RIWKHULYHUEXWDVWKHUHZDVQRVLJQDODQGQRWKLQJWRVHHWKH\
:HVWDUWHGSURPSWO\DWHLJKW30FDOOLQJ³&47KH+XQW´ ZHUHORVWDJDLQ2QHVHHNHUKDGDFRIIHHFDQZDONLHWDONLHDQG
7KHKXQWHUVZHUHDOOJDWKHUHGDWWKHSDUNDQGDIWHUFKHFNLQJ DYHU\GHWHUPLQHGPLQG+HILQDOO\VSRWWHGWKHDQWHQQDLQWKH
LQDQGEHLQJVXUHDOOFRXOGKHDUXVWKH\VWDUWHGRXW)URPRXU JXWWHUZLWKKLVVSRWOLJKW+HGHFLGHGWKDWWKHDQWHQQDGLGQ¶W
UHPRWHWUDQVPLWWHUZHZRXOGWUDQVPLWRQWKHKLJKHQGRIWKH JRLQWRWKHULYHUVRKHILJXUHGLWMXVWKDGWRJRWKHRWKHUZD\
EDQG7KHUHSHDWHUUHFHLYHUZRXOGUHFHLYHWKHVLJQDODQGSLSH LQWRWKHSLSH6RDIWHUVFRXWLQJDURXQGIRUVRPHWLPHRQIRRW
LWLQWRWKHDXGLRLQSXWRIWKHUHSHDWHUWUDQVPLWWHUZKLFKZDV KHKHDUGWKHYLEUDWRUVSXUULQJLQWKHVWLOORIWKHQLJKW,DP
RQ WKH ORZ HQG RI WKH EDQG 7KH UHSHDWHU WUDQVPLWWHU ZDV VXUHWKHZDONLHWDONLHGLGQ
WKHOSKLPLQORFDWLQJWKHWUDQV
OLFHQVHGXQGHUDGLIIHUHQWFDOO PLWWHUEXWLWGLGKHOSWRILQGWKHDQWHQQD
,QWKHPLGGOHRIWKHKXQWRXUVL[YROWEDWWHU\RQWKHUHPRWH $ERXWWZHOYHWKLUW\WKHUHPDLQLQJKXQWHUVILQDOO\JDYHXS
WUDQVPLWWHUJDYHRXW6RRIIWRWKHVHUYLFHVWDWLRQWRJHWD 7KH\ZHUHTXLWHDPD]HGZKHQZHWROGWKHPWKHVWRU\DQG
QHZEDWWHU\7KLVPHDQWDZLOGGDVKRQIRRWDVQRFDUVZHUH VKRZHGWKHPWKHWKUHH&RPPXQLFDWRUV(YHU\RQHZDVZLOO
SDUNHGLQWKLVDUHD'RGJLQJLQDQGRXWEHKLQGEXVKHVDQG LQJWRDGPLWWKDWRXUPDGVWUDWHJ\KDGUHDOO\ZRUNHG
KRXVHVDQGFDUU\LQJDVL[YROWEDWWHU\ZDVQRHDV\FKRUH,Q 1RZFDPHWKHFOHDQXSZRUN:HGLGQ¶WWKLQNWKHDQWHQQD
WKH PHDQ WLPH UHSHDWHU UHFHLYHU DQG UHSHDWHU WUDQVPLWWHU LQWKHULYHUZRXOGEHDJUHDWORVVVRZLWKDIHZ\DQNVZHPDQ
ZHUHSXWWLQJRXWDILQHFDUULHUZLWKQRDXGLR/XFN\IRUXV DJHGWRORVHWKHGLSROHLQWKHULYHU2XUFDUVZHUHDOOSDUNHG
ZHZHUHFORVHWRDVHUYLFHVWDWLRQDQGLWGLGQ
WWDNHORQJWR DZD\IURPWKHVWUHHWDQGLWWRRNORWVRIOHJZRUNWRJHWWKH
JHWDQRWKHUEDWWHU\:HGLGPDQDJHWRVLJQRXUFDOODIHZ FDUVDQGSLFNXSDOOWKHJHDU,WZDVDZRQGHUIXOKXQWDQGZH
WLPHVEHIRUHLWILQDOO\JDYHXS DOOKDGORWVRIIXQ
)URP RXU YDQWDJH VSRW ZH FRXOG VHH WKH EHDPV RQ WKH 2XUUHZDUGDIWHUDJRRGGD\VZRUN"2IIWRDPLGQLJKWVQDFN
KXQWHUVFDUVWZLVWLQJXQGHUWKHVWUHHWOLJKWV:LWKWKHLUVSRW DQGORWVRIGLVFXVVLRQDERXWWKHQLJKW
VIXQ
OLJKWVWKH\SURPSWO\GLVFRYHUHGWKHGXPP\DQWHQQDDQGGXJ 36 'RQ¶W JR ORRN IRU RXU YHU\ IDYRULWH VSRW 7KH /RV
XSWKHFRD[7KH\ZHUHTXLWHXSVHWDWQRWILQGLQJDWUDQVPLW $QJHOHV&LW\KDVUHFHQWO\SXWLQDIUHHZD\DQGQRWKLQJLVOHIW
WHUDWWKHHQGRILW7KHQZLWKDGLVJXVWHGORRNWKH\UHDGWKH :HOO ZH FDQ DOZD\V VD\ ZH RQFH KDG IXQ XQGHU WKH
QRWHDQGSURFHHGHGORRNLQJIRUWKHKLGGHQWUDQVPLWWHU7KH\ +ROO\ZRRG)UHHZD\

CQ CLASSIC
All in the Family …
(OVHZKHUHLQWKLVLVVXHZHUHSXEOLVKHGDUWLFOHVE\+HOHQ6LJQRUHOOL..83DQG6\OYLD
0DUJROLVERWKRIZKRVHVRQVEHFDPHIUHTXHQW&4FRQWULEXWRUVDVZHOO:HDOVRKDYHD
QHZDUWLFOHE\3DXO6LJQRUHOOL:5:DQGUHSULVHWKLV$SULODUWLFOHE\/DXULH0DUJROLV*80/² VRRQDIWHUWKH
SDVVLQJRI-RUGDQ¶V.LQJ+XVVHLQ-<² UHFDOOLQJDVHULHVRI462VZLWKWKHNLQJWKDWZHUHWKHVXEMHFWRIZRUOGKHDGOLQHV
DQGD&4 DUWLFOHE\KLVPRPDVZHOO
-< 6,/(17 .(<
0HPRULHVRI-<
%</$85,( 0$5*2/,6*80/
,QWKH-DQXDU\LVVXHRI&4ZHUDQ 0RUHWRWKHSRLQWVDWHOOLWHFRPPXQL UXDU\DQGZDVEXULHGDPLGVWSRVVLEO\

DVWRU\E\6\OYLD0DUJROLVHQWLWOHG6R FDWLRQWKH,QWHUQHWDQGFHOOXODUSKRQHV WKHJUHDWHVWFROOHFWLRQRIZRUOGOHDGHUV
:KR
V/RRNLQJ$IWHUWKH6WRUH"ZKLFK ZHUH VWLOO D ORQJ ZD\ RII ,QWHUQDWLRQDO HYHU JDWKHUHG LQ RQH SODFH %ULWDLQ¶V
KXPRURXVO\GRFXPHQWHGWKHHYHQWVUH FRPPXQLFDWLRQV E\ WHOHSKRQH ZHUH 7RQ\ %ODLU ZLWK )UDQFH¶V 3UHVLGHQW
FRXQWHGKHUH7KHSKRWRVLQWKDWDUWLFOH H[SHQVLYH XQUHOLDEOH DQG RIWHQ FRO &KLUDF,UDTLVDQG,VUDHOLVLQFORVHSUR[
VKRZD\RXQJPDQZKREHFDXVHRIKLV ODSVHG LQ WKH IDFH RI QDWXUDO RU PDQ LPLW\ 3UHVLGHQW $VVDG RI 6\ULD DQG
DPDWHXU UDGLR DYRFDWLRQ EHFDPH VXG PDGHGLVDVWHU$QGWKH0LGGOH(DVWZDV 3UHVLGHQW<HOWVLQRI5XVVLD,GRQ¶WNQRZ
GHQO\FDWDSXOWHGDOEHLWEULHIO\WRQDWLRQ H[DFWO\PLGZD\EHWZHHQWZRGHYDVWDW ZK\ EXW , IRXQG WKH VKRW RI IRXU 86
DOIDPHIRUKLVFRQWDFWVZLWK-<:KLOH LQJZDUV²WKH6L['D\:DURIDQG 3UHVLGHQWV²&DUWHU )RUG %XVK DQG
/DXULH
VWLPHLQWKHVXQEHFDXVHRIWKLV WKH<RP.LSSXU:DURI &OLQWRQ²EUHDWKWDNLQJWKHGLVWLOODWLRQRI
LQFLGHQWPLJKWKDYHEHHQUHODWLYHO\EULHI .LQJ+XVVHLQRI-RUGDQGLHGLQ)HE DPDVVRIGHPRFUDWLFGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ
KLVFRPPHQWVKHUHVSHDNPHDVXUHVRQ
WKHSKHQRPHQDODQGODVWLQJLPSDFW.LQJ
+XVVHLQKDGRQDOOWKRVHKHFDPHLQFRQ
WDFWZLWK7KH.LQJDZLVHDQGVDJDFLRXV
OHDGHUZLOOEHPLVVHGE\DOO².((.
,Q VRPH ZD\V GRHVQ¶W VHHP

WKDWORQJDJR3OHQW\RIWKHWKLQJVZH
WDNH IRU JUDQWHG DOUHDG\ H[LVWHG -HW
WUDYHO ZDV FRPPRQ ZLWK DLUFUDIW WKDW
ZRXOGQ¶WORRNDOOWKDWRXWRISODFHDWPRG
HUQ DLUSRUWV :H KDG FRORU WHOHYLVLRQ
YLGHRUHFRUGHUVZHUHVWDUWLQJWRDSSHDU
DQGWKHUHZHUHSXVKEXWWRQSKRQHV
7KHDPDWHXUEDQGVGLGQ¶WVRXQGWKDW
PXFKGLIIHUHQWHLWKHU6LQJOHVLGHEDQG
ZDVDOUHDG\WKHGRPLQDQWPRGH7KHUH
ZHUHSOHQW\RIJRRGVPDOOWUDQVFHLYHUV
DURXQGPDQ\RIWKHPEHLQJPDGHE\
FRPSDQLHV VXFK DV <DHVX DQG .HQ
ZRRGLQ-DSDQ,VWLOOXVHDQHDUO\V
+HDWKNLW DPSOLILHU 7KHUH ZHUH FRQ
WHVWVSLOHXSVVSOLWIUHTXHQF\ZRUNLQJ
DQGDUJXPHQWVRYHU';&&FRXQWHUV
$QG \HW LQ PDQ\ ZD\V ZDV D
ORQJ WLPH DJR² \HDUV DJR *RLQJ
EDFN \HW DQRWKHU \HDUV DQG WKH
-DSDQHVHZHUHSODQQLQJWRERPE3HDUO
+DUERU WKH 5XVVLDQV ZHUH KDOWLQJ WKH
1D]L WLGH DW 6WDOLQJUDG %ULWDLQ ZDV
VWUXJJOLQJ WR VXUYLYH DQG ,VUDHO ZRXOG
QRWH[LVWIRUVHYHQPRUH\HDUV0XFKFDQ $UR\DO46/ FRQILUPDWLRQRQHRIWKHZRUOG¶VPRVWIDPRXVVWDWHVPHQDQGDPDWHXU
KDSSHQLQRYHUDTXDUWHURIDFHQWXU\ UDGLRRSHUDWRUV.LQJ+XVVHLQ-<

2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
%DFNLVVXHVRI&4$PDWHXU
5DGLRDUHQRZDYDLODEOHRQ
GLVNLQ3')IRUPDW
Six years of CQ Amateur Radio magazine
—2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019—
are now available in easy-to-access PDF
format for you to read and refer to again
and again!
Buy a single - 2019.....................$42.95
Three - 2017, 2018, 2019 ...........$84.00
All six years 2014-2019 ............$150.00
See our website for all purchasing options
All 6 Years for only
ll 6
Buy a 0.00 $150.00!
5
for $1 AVE! Plus applicable shipping
and S
CQ Communications
:-RKQ6WUHHW+LFNVYLOOH 1<3KRQH)$;
KWWSVWRUHFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP
DOOLQRQHSODFH$OOIRUWKH+DVKHPLWH.LQJRI-RUGDQ.LQJ 2Q0DUFK,ZDVWXQLQJPHWHUVDURXQG
+XVVHLQ,EQ7DODO$OOIRUDUDGLRDPDWHXU-< KLJKHUWKDQ,¶GQRUPDOO\OLVWHQ,KHDUGDIDPLOLDUYRLFH,WZDV
7UXO\JUHDWSHRSOH²86SUHVLGHQWV%ULWLVKPRQDUFKVZRUOG -<ZLWKDKXJHVLJQDOILQLVKLQJDFRQWDFW,FDOOHGKLPZRQ
OHDGHUV²WRXFKPDQ\OLYHVEXWXVXDOO\RQIRUPDORFFDVLRQV GHULQJ PDLQO\ KRZ WR DGGUHVV KLP +H JDYH KLV QDPH DV
DQGDWDGLVWDQFH,ZDVMXVWIHHWIURP%LOO&OLQWRQDVKHZRUNHG +XVVHLQ WKLV VHHPHG D ELW IDPLOLDU VR , VHWWOHG RQ <RXU
WKH FURZGV LQ 1RUWKHUQ ,UHODQG 7KH SHRSOH ZKR VKRRN KLV 0DMHVW\SUHWW\RGGRQWKHHJDOLWDULDQDPDWHXUDLUZDYHVEXW
KDQGRUHYHQVWRRGQH[WWRVRPHRQHZKRVKRRNKLVKDQGZLOO ,KRSHGLWZRXOGQ¶WFDXVHRIIHQVH
QHYHUIRUJHWLW²FRQWDFWZLWKSRZHUDQGVXFFHVV7KHGLIIHU :HKDGDURXWLQHFRQWDFWZHDWKHUULJ¶V7KH.LQJRI
HQFHZLWK.LQJ+XVVHLQDJHQXLQHO\WUXO\JUHDWPDQZDVWKDW -RUGDQ²DQGWKLVUHDOO\WRRNVRPHDFFHSWLQJ²ZDVEODVWLQJ
KH FKDWWHG ZLWK PDQ\ RI XV UDGLR DPDWHXUV LQ RXU KRPHV RXWRIP\ORXGVSHDNHULQP\OLYLQJURRPFDOOLQJPH/DXULH
WKURXJKWKHIDPLOLDUPHGLXPRIRXUUDGLRVWDWLRQVRQHRQRQH DQGWHOOLQJPHKHZDVXVLQJD'UDNH75DQGDQ/%DPSOL
DVHTXDOV:HZHUH*VRPHWKLQJRU:VRPHRQH+HZDV-< ILHU0\IDWKHU*105PDGHDFRQWDFWLPPHGLDWHO\DIWHU
DQRWKHU66%VLJQDOLQWKHPHWHU450 ZDUGV 7KH .LQJ VHHPHG SOHDVHG WR KDYH ZRUNHG WKH
IDWKHUVRQFRPELQDWLRQ1RGRXEWLWDSSHDOHGWRWKHKHUHGL
$6SHFLDO&RQWDFW WDU\VHQVLWLYLWLHVRIDPRQDUFK
0\ELWSDUWLQWKLVVWRU\EHJLQVEDFNLQ0DUFK,ZDVD .LQJ +XVVHLQ¶V 46/ DGGUHVV ZDV ZRUNDGD\ 32 %R[
\HDUROGVWXGHQWD-HZLVKVWXGHQWOLYLQJZLWKP\IDPLO\ $PPDQ,VHQWRQHRIILPPHGLDWHO\RIFRXUVHDQGRQO\
LQWKHUHVROXWHO\RUGLQDU\VXEXUERIOOIRUGLQ(VVH[HDVWRI DIHZGD\VODWHUKLVFDUGGURSSHGRQWRWKHGRRUPDW,WFDPH
/RQGRQ(VVH[¶VUHODWLRQVKLSZLWK/RQGRQHTXDWHVURXJKO\ LQ D KHDY\ HPERVVHG HQYHORSH UHVSOHQGHQW ZLWK WKH
ZLWK1HZ-HUVH\¶VZLWK1HZ<RUN&LW\ZLWKDOOWKHJODPRXU -RUGDQLDQUR\DOFUHVWDQGFRYHUHGZLWK-RUGDQLDQVWDPSV
DQGVW\OHWKDWFRPSDULVRQLPSOLHV0\IDWKHUZDV0DXULFH 7KHUHZDVDORQJKDQGZULWWHQPHVVDJH³,WZDVDSOHDVXUH
*105P\PRWKHUZDVWKHZHOONQRZQ&4FRQWULEXWRURI WRFRQWDFW\RXP\JRRGIULHQG,KRSHZHZLOOKDYHDIXWXUH
WKH WLPH 6\OYLD 0DUJROLV ,¶G KHOG P\ DPDWHXU OLFHQVH IRU FRQWDFW VRRQ .LQGO\ DFFHSW P\ EHVW ZLVKHV DQG UHJDUGV
DOPRVWILYH\HDUVDWWKHWLPH 6LQFHUHO\+XVVHLQ,´,UHPHPEHUWKLQNLQJDWWKHWLPHWKDWLI
:RUGKDGJRQHDURXQGWKHDPDWHXUUDGLRZRUOGWKDW.LQJ KHPDGHPDQ\462VKH¶GEHVSHQGLQJDORQJWLPHZULWLQJ
+XVVHLQRI-RUGDQDVXQOLNHO\DVLWVRXQGVKDGEHFRPHD 46/FDUGVZLWKPHVVDJHVWKDWOHQJWK,WKLQNKHGLVFRYHUHG
UDGLRDPDWHXUZLWKWKHFDOOVLJQ-<$WWKDWWLPH-RUGDQD 46/PDQDJHUVVRRQDIWHUZDUGV
SRRUFRXQWU\UHFHQWO\KDPPHUHGE\WKH,VUDHOLVLQWKH6L[ :HOOWKHVXPPHURIFDPHDQGZHQW$VIDUDV,ZDV
'D\:DUKDGQRDPDWHXUUDGLRVWDWLRQVVRWKHPHUHVXJ FRQFHUQHG,FRPSOHWHGP\ILUVW\HDUDW/RQGRQ8QLYHUVLW\ZHQW
JHVWLRQRIDQ\RSHUDWLRQIURP-RUGDQZDVFDXVHIRUH[FLWH WR$PHULFDIRUWKHVXPPHUKDGDGLVDVWURXVWLPHDWDVXPPHU
PHQW,VHHPWRUHPHPEHUWKDWP\ILUVWUHDFWLRQWRKHDULQJ FDPSLQ3HQQV\OYDQLDWKHQKDGDPXFKEHWWHUWLPHZRUNLQJLQ
RI-<µVDFWLYLW\ZDVQRWMXVWWKDWWKH.LQJRI-RUGDQZDVRQ DVWRUHRQ/RQJ,VODQG,GLVFRYHUHG,¶GPDGHDPHVVRIP\
WKHDLUEXWWKDW,PLJKWILQDOO\JHW-RUGDQIRUDQHZRQH HQGRI\HDUH[DPLQDWLRQVDQGKDGWRUHWXUQWRUHVLWWKHPLQ

HDUO\6HSWHPEHUZUHFNLQJP\SODQVWRWUDYHOPRUHDQGFRPH 7KHQ.LQJ+XVVHLQGRXEWOHVVZLWKEHWWHUWKLQJVWRGRWKDQ
KRPHODWHUWKDWPRQWK FKDWWHURQIDLOHGWRDSSHDUIRUDIHZGD\VDQGP\
$VIDUDVWKH0LGGOH(DVWZDVFRQFHUQHGWKHVXPPHURI VLGHRIWKHVWRU\EHJDQWRIDGH7KHUHZDVVWLOOYHU\OLWWOHFRP
ZDV DQ RPLQRXV WLPH 3DOHVWLQLDQ WHUURULVP ZDV DW LWV LQJRXWRI-RUGDQ
KHLJKWDWWHPSWLQJWRXVH-RUGDQLDQWHUULWRU\DVDEDVHWRDWWDFN 2QHHYHQLQJWKHPDLQ%%&79HDUO\HYHQLQJQHZVVKRZ
,VUDHOLLQWHUHVWVDQGWKHZHVWLQJHQHUDO7KH\KLMDFNHGWKUHH FDPHWRVKRRWVRPHEDFNJURXQGPDWHULDO7KH.LQJKDGQ¶W
DLUOLQHUVWRDUHPRWHGHVHUWDLUVWULSFDOOHG'DZVRQ¶V)LHOGLQ EHHQKHDUGIRUDZHHN7KH79WHDPKDGEHHQZRUNLQJDOO
-RUGDQDQGEOHZWKHPXSLQIURQWRI79FDPHUDV.LQJ+XVVHLQ GD\DQGZDVFOHDUO\XQHQWKXVLDVWLFDERXWZKDWWKH\VDZDV
UHDOL]HGWKHUHZDVDVHULRXVGDQJHUWKDWKLVSRRUGHVHUWGRPDLQ DQROGVWRU\,KDGQ¶WKHDUGWKH.LQJIRUGD\VDQGIHOWZHZHUH
ZRXOGEHWDNHQRYHUE\WKH3DOHVWLQLDQVDQGWKHUHZRXOGQ¶WEH LQWKH&RFNQH\YHUQDFXODU³IORJJLQJDGHDGKRUVH´
PXFKUHVLVWDQFHIURPWKHUHVWRIWKH$UDEZRUOG7KHYHU\OHJLW 7KH79WHDPVHWXSDQGDVNHGPHWRPDNHDGHPRQVWUD
LPDF\RI-RUGDQZDVTXHVWLRQHGE\PDQ\ZKRVDZLWDVDQ WLRQFRQWDFWZLWKDQ\RQH,WDONHGWRVRPHRQHLQ/LWKXDQLD
DUWLILFLDOVWDWHFUHDWHGODUJHO\E\WKH%ULWLVKDIWHU:RUOG:DU, 7KHQ EODVWLQJ WKURXJK WKH HDUO\ HYHQLQJ 450 ZDV -<
.LQJ+XVVHLQGHFLGHGWRILJKWWKH3DOHVWLQLDQVWRVPDVK FU\VWDOFOHDU³*RRGHYHQLQJP\IULHQG/DXULH7KLVLV-XOLHW
WKH3/2VWURQJKROGVLQKLVNLQJGRP7KH-RUGDQLDQFLYLOZDU <DQNHH2QH´,WZDVDVWDUWOLQJPRPHQW7KH79SHRSOHORYHG
GHYHORSHGUDSLGO\DQGE\6HSWHPEHULWZDVUDJLQJ LW,ZDVSUHWW\VWXQQHGDQGLWPDGHVHYHUDOPLQXWHVRQWKH
$JDLQ,SRLQWRXWWKDWLQLWZDVLQHYLWDEOHWKDWLQWHU IROORZLQJQLJKW¶VSURJUDP,GRQ¶WWKLQNWKH.LQJUHYHDOHGDQ\
QDWLRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVZRXOGFROODSVHXQGHUVXFKFLUFXP WKLQJYHU\PXFKEXWKHZDVVWLOOWKHPDQRIWKHPRPHQWDQG
VWDQFHV-RUGDQZDVQRH[FHSWLRQ,WEHFDPHDPHGLDGHDG LQIRUPDWLRQIURP-RUGDQZDVYHU\OLPLWHG
VSRW7KHUHZHUHQRVDWHOOLWHGUHSRUWV,QWKRVHGD\V79ILOP 7KHZDUHQGHGZLWKWKH.LQJYLFWRULRXVDWWKHFRVWRID
SRUWDEOHYLGHRZDVVWLOOVRPHZD\RIIKDGWREHIORZQIURP GHVWUR\HGQDWLRQDQG3DOHVWLQLDQGLVFRQWHQWHYHQGHHS
WKHVFHQHRIDVWRU\WRVRPHSODFHZKHUHLWFRXOGEHHGLWHG HUWKDQLWKDGEHHQEHIRUH7KH%ODFN6HSWHPEHUWHUURU
DQGSURFHVVHGDQGWKHQIORZQEDFNWREURDGFDVWHUVVXFK LVWPRYHPHQWJUHZRXWRIWKRVHGD\V6RPHZHHNVODWHU
DVWKH%%&RU1%& DSDFNDJHWXUQHGXSIURPWKH-RUGDQLDQHPEDVV\,QVLGH
/RRNLQJDW\HOORZLQJQHZVSDSHUFXWWLQJVIURPWKDWWLPH ZHUHWZRZDWFKHVHQJUDYHGZLWKWKHUR\DOFUHVWRQHIRU
WKHSUHVVGDWHOLQHVZHUH1LFRVLDDQG%HLUXW9LUWXDOO\QRWK PHDQGRQHIRUP\IDWKHU,¶YHZRUQPLQHYLUWXDOO\HYHU\
LQJZDVFRPLQJGLUHFWO\RXWRI-RUGDQE\QRZWKHVFHQHRI GD\ VLQFH $ QRWH IURP WKH HPEDVV\ WKDQNHG XV IRU RXU
YLFLRXVILJKWLQJDV.LQJ+XVVHLQWULHGWRUHLPSRVHFRQWURO KHOSDQGVXSSRUW
7KHUH ZDV RQH YRLFH KRZHYHU HPHUJLQJ IURP -RUGDQ /DWHUWKDW\HDUWKH.LQJH[KDXVWHGIURPUXQQLQJWKHZDU
IURPWKHYHU\KHDUWRIWKHNLQJGRP$IHZGD\VDIWHU,UHWXUQHG VSHQWVRPHWLPHLQDKRVSLWDOLQ/RQGRQ7RRXUJUHDWGHOLJKW
IURP$PHULFD,ZDVOLVWHQLQJDFURVVPHWHUVODWHRQHQLJKW KH SXW D EHDP RQ WKH URRI DQG XVHG KLV UHFLSURFDO FDOO
7KHUHWRP\FRQVLGHUDEOHVXUSULVHZDV-<.LQJ+XVVHLQ *$700\IDWKHUDQG,ZHUHLQYLWHGWRPHHWKLP,WZDVMXVW
FKDWWLQJWRD:LQ0LQQHVRWD&RQGLWLRQVZHUHJRRGKHZDV WKHWKUHHRIXVLQDPRGHVWKRVSLWDOURRPLQFHQWUDO/RQGRQ
ORXGDQG,FDOOHG7RP\VXUSULVHKHUHPHPEHUHGRXUFRQ WKHVPDOOILJXUHRIWKH.LQJO\LQJRQKLVEHGLQKLVSDMDPDV
WDFWVL[PRQWKVHDUOLHUDQGGHVFULEHGWKHGHVSHUDWHVLWXDWLRQ DQGUREH,UHDOO\FDQ¶WUHPHPEHUPXFKRIWKHKDOIKRXUFRQ
LQ$PPDQDQGKLVKRSHVIRUWKHZD\LWZRXOGWXUQRXW YHUVDWLRQ,ZDVMXVWDVWRQLVKHGWREHWKHUH%XW,GRUHPHP
,KDYHEHHQZLWKWKH%%&IRU\HDUVQRZEXWDWWKDWWLPH EHUORRNLQJDWWKH.LQJ¶VERRNVKHOIZLWKORWVRIZDUWLPHQRY
,ZDVVWLOOVRPHZD\IURPEHFRPLQJDMRXUQDOLVW,QGHHGZLWK HOVDQGERRNVDERXWWKH5$)
RXWSDVVLQJVRPHH[DPV,ZDVVRPHZD\IURPEHLQJDQ\ 7KLVVWRU\KDVWZRSRVWVFULSWV7KHIROORZLQJVXPPHU,ZDV
WKLQJDWDOO%XWHYHQP\VWLOOXQGHYHORSHGQHZVVHQVHUHF LQ,VUDHORSHUDWLQJDFRQWHVWIURP.LEEXW]6DVDDWWKDWWLPH
RJQL]HG WKDW WKLV VHHPHG SUHWW\ XQXVXDO 7KHUH ZDV D DYHU\DFWLYHVWDWLRQRQDPRXQWDLQWRSLQWKHQRUWKRIWKHFRXQ
FRXQWU\ZDUWRUQDQGFRPSOHWHO\FXWRIIDQGWKHUHZDVWKH WU\7KLVZDV\HDUVEHIRUHSHDFHWUHDWLHVWKH6DGDWYLVLWWR
$UDE.LQJJLYLQJPHE\QRZD\HDUROG-HZLVKVWXGHQW -HUXVDOHPRUDQ\FUDFNLQWKHJODFLDOUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ,VUDHO
DQ H\HZLWQHVV DFFRXQW²WKH RQO\ H\HZLWQHVV DFFRXQW²RI DQGWKH$UDEZRUOG,ZDVXVLQJD=FDOOVLJQVRWKHUHZDV
ZKDWZDVJRLQJRQ$OOWKLVRQPHWHUVLGHEDQG QR PLVWDNLQJ ZKHUH , ZDV 2Q WKH 6XQGD\ DIWHUQRRQ DV ,
$VZHOODVEHLQJDZULWHUIRU&4P\PRWKHU6\OYLDKDG ZRUNHGWKURXJKDSLOHRI(XURSHDQVVXGGHQO\DYHU\ORXGVLJ
EHFRPHDZHOONQRZQUDGLRSHUVRQDOLW\LQ%ULWDLQ%\QRZLW QDOERRPHGRXWRIWKHORXGVSHDNHU³+DOORP\IULHQG/DXULH
ZDVDERXW$0EXW,ZRNHKHUDQGDVNHGLIVKHIRXQGWKLV +RZDUH\RX"´:KRZDVWKDW,DVNHG³<RXUYHU\JRRGIULHQG
LQWHUHVWLQJ6KHGLGDQGUDQJWKH³7RGD\´SURJUDPWKHQDQG WRWKHHDVW´WKHIDPLOLDUGHHSYRLFHUHSOLHG,WZDVWKH.LQJ
QRZ WKH PDMRU PRUQLQJ FXUUHQW DIIDLUV SURJUDP RQ %%& DJDLQWKLVWLPHWDONLQJWRPHLQ,VUDHO7KH,VUDHOLVOLVWHQLQJ
5DGLR 7KH\ ZHUH H[FLWHG E\ WKH VWRU\ DQG VHQW DURXQG D QHDUE\ZHUHWKXQGHUVWUXFN
UDGLROLQNVYHKLFOHWKHQH[WPRUQLQJWRSOD\P\WDSHRIWKH ,QHYHUPHW.LQJ+XVVHLQDJDLQ+RZHYHUGXULQJWKHILUVW
FRQWDFWZLWK-<DQGWRLQWHUYLHZPH *XOI:DUZKHQ,ZDVD%%&FRUUHVSRQGHQWLQ-RUGDQ,FRQ
7KHQEHJDQWZRZHHNVRIPD\KHP,WLVQRH[DJJHUDWLRQ GXFWHG D ORQJ LQWHUYLHZ ZLWK 4XHHQ 1RRU RULJLQDOO\ WKH
DWDOOWRVD\WKHZRUOG¶VPHGLDGHVFHQGHGRQRXUVPDOOKRXVH $PHULFDQ/LVD+DODE\7KHUHZDVPXFKDQWL$PHULFDQIHHO
LQOOIRUG,KDGVHYHUDOPRUH462VZLWK.LQJ+XVVHLQRYHU LQJLQ-RUGDQDQG.LQJ+XVVHLQKDGEDFNHG,UDT¶V6DGGDP
WKHQH[WZHHNSDVVLQJRQYDULRXVPHVVDJHVWRKLVIDPLO\LQ +XVVHLQIRUJRRGLQWHUQDOUHDVRQV,ZDVLQWULJXHGE\KHUUROH
(QJODQGDQGWRWKH-RUGDQLDQHPEDVV\7KHUHZHUHRIWHQ DVDKLJKO\YLVLEOH$PHULFDQLQ-RUGDQ$VOXFNZRXOGKDYH
VHYHUDOUHSRUWHUVOLVWHQLQJWKH.LQJDOZD\VNQHZWKLVDQG LWDIWHU,¶GEHHQQHJRWLDWLQJIRUWKHLQWHUYLHZIRUZHHNVWKH
WKHVWRU\ZDVELJLQWKH%ULWLVKSDSHUVDVZHOODVRYHUVHDV VXPPRQVWRWKHSDODFHFDPHDV,ZDVLQP\KRWHOEHGZLWK
7KH.LQJDSSHDUHGREOLJLQJO\6SOXVDVXVXDODVD%%& IOX,ZDVQ¶WDWP\EHVWEXWVKHORRNHGVWXQQLQJDQGZDVYHU\
79QHZVSURJUDPGLGDOLYHUHSRUWIURPWKHKRXVH7KHVWRU\ IULHQGO\DQGVWUDLJKWIRUZDUG
KDG WZR VWURQJ HOHPHQWV 7KH RQO\ H\HZLWQHVV DFFRXQWV .LQJ+XVVHLQPDLQWDLQHGKLVLQWHUHVWLQDPDWHXUUDGLRIRU
IURP-RUGDQZHUHFRPLQJWKURXJKLWVNLQJDQGWKDWLQIRU PDQ\\HDUVUXQQLQJWRSTXDOLW\VWDWLRQVIURPKLVSDODFHVLQ
PDWLRQZDVEHLQJSLFNHGXSE\D\RXQJVWXGHQWLQD/RQGRQ $PPDQDQG$TDED+HWDONHGWRIULHQGVDOORYHUWKHZRUOG
VXEXUE,WZDVDJRRGVWRU\0\H[DPUHYLVLRQZDVQ¶WJHWWLQJ LQFOXGLQJYHU\PDQ\LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVQRQHRIZKRPZLOO
IDUEXW,KDGWRDGPLWWKLVZDVIXQ IRUJHWWKHGD\WKH.LQJFDPHWRFDOO

Many of us talk about the need to get (or continue getting) more young people
involved in amateur radio, but sometimes find it difficult to locate resources to
help turn a concept into a functioning program. CQ Contributing Editor Anthony
Luscre, K8ZT, is here to help …
Ideas and Resources for Growing Youth

Involvement in Amateur Radio
BY ANTHONY LUSCRE,* K8ZT
/
RRNLQJDURXQGDWDKDPIHVWRUFOXEPHHWLQJZLOOJLYH VFRXWLQJJURXSVDUHORRNLQJIRU67(0DFWLYLWLHVSURJUDPV
\RXWKHGHILQLWH²DQGPRVWOLNHO\DFFXUDWH²LPSUHV IRUWKHLUVWXGHQWV,KDYHSUHSDUHGDWULIROGEURFKXUH+DP
VLRQWKDWWKHKDPUDGLRSRSXODWLRQDVDZKROHLVJUD\ 5DGLR±7KH2ULJLQDO0DNHU0RYHPHQW WLQ\FFKUPDN
LQJ:KLOHWKHUHDUHGHILQLWHO\\RXQJSHRSOHJHWWLQJLQYROYHG HUV!IRU\RXWRXVHLQPDUNHWLQJWRWKHVHJURXSV7KH$55/
DQG DFWLYH LQ DPDWHXU UDGLR DQG PDQ\ RI WKHP DQG WKHLU DOVR KDV D IOLHU DYDLODEOH DORQJ WKHVH OLQHV ',< 0DJLF RI
DFWLYLWLHVDUHKLJKOLJKWHGLQWKHVHSDJHVWKHUHQHHGWREH $PDWHXU5DGLR KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPMGRP]!
PRUH$QGLW¶VXSWRXVWREULQJWKHPLQ $QDSSURDFKWRJHWWLQJ\RXUIRRWLQWKHGRRUVSHFLILFWR\RXWK
8QIRUWXQDWHO\WZRRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQSDWKZD\VLQWRKDP LQVFRXWLQJLVWKHDQQXDO-DPERUHHRQWKH$LU-27$HDFK
UDGLRLQWKHSDVW²VKRUWZDYHOLVWHQLQJDQGVFRXWLQJ²DUH 2FWREHU,UHFHQWO\ZURWHDFROXPQIRUWKH$55/2KLR6HFWLRQ
ERWKLQGHFOLQHIRUUHDVRQVRYHUZKLFKZHKDYHQRFRQWURO -RXUQDO RQDPDWHXUUDGLRDQGVFRXWLQJDQGLQFOXGHGDQXP
$OVRPDQ\RIWKHSUHYLRXVDWWUDFWLRQVRIDQDPDWHXUUDGLR EHURILGHDVIRUDVXFFHVVIXO-27$HIIRUWE\\RXDQGRU\RXU
OLFHQVH²VXFKDVWKHDELOLW\WRKDYHFRQQHFWLYLW\ZLWK ORFDOUDGLRFOXEKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPUYOYEM!
IULHQGVDQGIDPLO\WKURXJKWKHORFDO9+)8+)UHSHDWHU² :RUNLQJZLWKVFRXWLQJEULQJVXSDQLVVXHWKDWQHHGVWREH
KDVEHHQUHSODFHGZLWKWRGD\¶VVPDUWSKRQHV$GGWRWKDWWKH DGGUHVVHGE\DOOKDPVZRUNLQJZLWKDQ\\RXWKJURXS²\RXWK
DELOLW\WRPDNHORQJGLVWDQFHSKRQHFDOOVIRUIUHHRQWKHVDPH SURWHFWLRQ7KH%R\6FRXWVRI$PHULFDPRVWSXEOLFVFKRROV
GHYLFH :LWKRXW WKHVH SDVVLYH LQFHQWLYHV ZH QHHG WR DQGRWKHUJURXSVUHTXLUHWUDLQLQJDQGRUEDFNJURXQGFKHFNV
LQFUHDVHWKHDFWLYHUHFUXLWPHQWRIQHZKDPV:HDOVRQHHG IRU DGXOW YROXQWHHUV ZRUNLQJ ZLWK \RXWK 7KH %R\ 6FRXWV RI
WRGRDEHWWHUMREPHQWRULQJQHZO\OLFHQVHGKDPVWRPDNH
VXUHWKH\EHFRPHDQGVWD\DFWLYH
7KHUH LV QR VLOYHU EXOOHW WKDW ZLOO FRPSOHWHO\ VROYH WKHVH
LVVXHVEXWRQHLGHDWKDWPDQ\EHOLHYHFDQKHOSUHYHUVHWKHVH
WUHQGVLVWKHLQFUHDVHGLQYROYHPHQWRI\RXWKLQDPDWHXUUDGLR
)RURXUSXUSRVHV,DPJRLQJWRGHILQH\RXWKDVDQ\RQHXQGHU
\HDUVRIDJH%\DJHPRVWSHRSOHKDYHFRPSOHWHG
FROOHJHJUDGXDWHVFKRROPLOLWDU\MREWUDLQLQJSURJUDPVHWF
7KLVVWLOOFRYHUVDZLGHUDQJHRIDJHVDQGUHTXLUHVPXOWLSOH
SODQVWRDGGUHVVWKHLQWHUHVWVDQGQHHGVRIWKHPDQ\VXE
JURXSVLQYROYHG
)RUWKLVDUWLFOHZHZLOOIRFXVRQWKHVXEJURXSRIVWXGHQWV
LQJUDGHVWRDVWKHFROOHJHSRVWJUDGXDWHDQG\RXQJ
SURIHVVLRQDOJURXSVQHHGGLIIHUHQWDSSURDFKHV7KHSXUSRVH
RIWKLVDUWLFOHLVWRSURYLGH\RXDQG\RXUORFDOUDGLRFOXEZLWK
LGHDVDQGUHVRXUFHVWRHQFRXUDJHLQVWUXFWDQGPHQWRU\RXWK
LQYROYHPHQW LQ DPDWHXU UDGLR ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR UHVRXUFHV IRU
\RXWK,KDYHDOVRLQFOXGHGDQXPEHURIUHVRXUFHVIRU\RXWR
VKDUHZLWKVFKRROWHDFKHUVVFRXWLQJDQGRWKHU\RXWKJURXS
OHDGHUV
Getting Your Foot in the Door

2QHRIWKHILUVWSUREOHPVLVJHWWLQJ\RXUIRRWLQWKHGRRU2QH
DSSURDFKWRWKLVLVSLJJ\EDFNLQJRQWKHFXUUHQWKLJKLQWHUHVW
LQ 67(0 RU 67($0 6FLHQFH 7HFKQRORJ\ (QJLQHHULQJ
>$UW@DQG0DWKHPDWLFVDQG',<'R,W<RXUVHOIPRYHPHQWV
LQHGXFDWLRQ0DQ\ORFDOVFKRROGLVWULFWVSXEOLFOLEUDULHVDQG $SRVVLEOHIXWXUHKDPSUDFWLFLQJ0RUVH&RGHXVLQJWKHLQH[
SHQVLYHFORWKHVSLQNH\WKDWKHDVVHPEOHG3KRWRVE\WKH
HPDLON]W#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! DXWKRUH[FHSWDVQRWHG

&ORVHXSRIDSDLURIFORWKHVSLQNH\V)RULQIRUPDWLRQRQEXLOG
LQJRQHYLVLWWLQ\FFFSNH\!
$PHULFDKDVDIUHHSURJUDPWKDW,VXJJHVWDOODGXOWYROXQWHHUV
WDNH <RX ZLOO QHHG WR UHJLVWHU ILUVW KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP
XKFRHZG!EXWLWLVIUHH&KHFNZLWK\RXUORFDOVFKRROVRURWKHU
JURXSVIRUDGGLWLRQDOUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU\RXWKSURWHFWLRQ
Fitting In With Current Programs $FRPPRQSRVHIRUDSUHWHHQEXWORRNFORVHO\DWWKHVFUHHQ

:KHWKHU\RXDUHZRUNLQJZLWKVFRXWVRUVFKRROVRQHNH\LV +HLVDFWXDOO\OLVWHQLQJWRDQRQOLQHWXQDEOH6'5UHFHLYHURQ
WRH[SODLQGHPRQVWUDWHWRWKRVHLQFKDUJHKRZ\RXUDPD PHWHUV
WHXUUDGLRDFWLYLWLHVFDQILWLQWRWKHLUDOUHDG\H[LVWLQJFXUULFX
OXP SURJUDPV OHVVRQV PHULW EDGJHV HWF )RU VFKRROV , FDQILQGKHUHWLQ\FFDULQHG!,DOVRKDYHWZRGRFXPHQWV
KDYHGHYHORSHGDQXPEHURIVDPSOHOHVVRQSODQVWKDWLQWH IRUDWKWRWKJUDGHOHYHOSURJUDP,FDOO³5DGLR'D\´7KH\
JUDWHUDGLRLQWRDOPRVWDOOVXEMHFWDUHDV([DPSOHVLQFOXGH DUH WKH 5DGLR 'D\ VWXGHQW +DQGRXW WLQ\FFUDGLRGD\K!
DQGWHDFKHUOHVVRQSODQWKLVFRQWDLQVPDQ\RIWKHOHVVRQV
0DWK ,QYHUVHSURSRUWLRQDOIUDFWLRQVWRFDOFXODWHZDYH RXWOLQHGDERYHWLQ\FFUGDJHQGD!
OHQJWKDQGIUHTXHQF\DQGPHWULFSUHIL[HV.LOR0HJDHWF ,KDYHDOVRSXWWRJHWKHUDQXPEHURILGHDVIRUVXFFHVVIXO
6FLHQFH 7KH HOHFWURPDJQHWLF VSHFWUXP DWPRVSKHULF GHPRQVWUDWLRQV RI DPDWHXU UDGLR WR \RXWK ZKHWKHU LQ D
OD\HUVVXQVSRWF\FOHHWFDQGUDGLRSURSDJDWLRQ6SDFH± VFKRRODW-27$RUDQRWKHUYHQXHWRHQFRXUDJHSDUWLFLSD
6DWHOOLWHVRUELWVWUDFNLQJDQG'RSSOHUVKLIW WLRQDQGSRVLWLYHH[SHULHQFHV
6RFLDO6WXGLHV 3RODUDQGRWKHUPDSSURMHFWLRQVFRXQ
WULHV DQG FXOWXUHV JRYHUQPHQWV DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO UHJXOD 3URYLGHPDWHULDOVWRVWXGHQW\RXWKVFRXWVDQGWHDFK
WLRQVKLVWRULFDOUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQFRXQWULHVFRPPRQ HUVOHDGHUVEHIRUHWKHHYHQWYLGHRVZRUNZHOOZLWKNLGV
ZHDOWKVHWF 2QOLQHUHVRXUFHV
/DQJXDJH$UWV 3KRQHWLFDOSKDEHW4FRGHVDQGDEEUH :KDWLV$PDWHXU5DGLRWLQ\FFZKDWVDU!
YLDWLRQVEURDGFDVWUDGLRDQGVSHHFKDQGUDGLRGUDPDDQG $PDWHXU5DGLR5HVRXUFHVIRU<RXWKWLQ\FFKU\!
VFULSWZULWLQJ ,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKH3KRQHWLF$OSKDEHWWLQ\FFSDOE!
0XVLF 0RUVH FRGH ZLWK GUXPV IUHTXHQF\ DQG SLWFK DQGWLQ\FFSDOE!
'RSSOHUVKLIWDQGGDWDUDWHVFRPSUHVVLRQ GLJLWDODXGLRSUR $FWLYLWLHV
FHVVLQJ /LVWRI6'5VRQOLQHWXQDEOHVRIWZDUHGHILQHGUHFHLYHUV
3K\VLFDO(GXFDWLRQ 'HPRQVWUDWLRQRIZDYHOHQJWKDQG ZZZZHEVGURUJ!
IUHTXHQF\ZLWKMXPSURSHV ,QVWUXFWLRQVRQXVLQJ6'5VZZZZHEVGURUJIDTKWPO!
:RUOG/DQJXDJHV )RUHLJQODQJXDJHVXQLYHUVDOFRP DQGKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPUZOO[!
PXQLFDWLRQDFURVVGLIIHUHQWODQJXDJHVUROHRIZRUOGFXOWXUHV
LQUDGLRDQGOLVWHQLQJWRQDWLYHVSHDNHUVRIODQJXDJHVYLD 3ODQ\RXUHYHQWLQFOXGLQJORJLVWLFVDQGIDFLOLWLHV
UDGLREURDGFDVWV <RXUSODFHRUWKHLUV"7KHUHDUHDGYDQWDJHVDQGGLVDG
YDQWDJHVWRHDFK6HH7DEOH :LWKVFKRROVWKLVLVQRWDQ
7KHVH DORQJ ZLWK DQ LQWURGXFWLRQ WR UDGLR DQG DPDWHXU LVVXHDV\RXZLOOQHHGWRJRWKHUH
UDGLRDVZHOODVRWKHULGHDVDUHLQDVOLGHSUHVHQWDWLRQWKDW 3URYLGH D VFKHGXOH RI SODQQHG DFWLYLWLHV IRU WKH HQWLUH
, KDYH XVHG DW . HGXFDWLRQDO WHFKQRORJ\ FRQIHUHQFHV HYHQWDKHDGRIWLPHWRWHDFKHUVOHDGHUV
5DGLR 7HFKQRORJ\ LQ WKH &ODVVURRP DYDLODEOH DW +DYHRQVLWHKHOSHUVLQFOXGLQJRWKHUKDPVWRKHOSRUHYHQ
WLQ\FFUWLFH!,KDYHDVLPLODUSUHVHQWDWLRQ,XVHIRUORFDO QRQKDPVZLWKH[SHULHQFHZLWKPDQDJLQJJURXSVRI\RXWK
DPDWHXU UDGLR FOXEV WKDW ZDQW WR JHW LQYROYHG ZLWK ORFDO ,I\RXFDQKDYHPXOWLSOHKDPVFRQVLGHUDVWDWLRQURWDWLRQ
VFKRROVWRVXSSRUWDPDWHXUUDGLRLQ.HGXFDWLRQWKDW\RX WKDWLV³VWDWLRQ´DVDOHDUQLQJVWDWLRQDVFKRROWHUPQRWWR

EHFRQIXVHGZLWKDUDGLRRSHUDWLQJSRVLWLRQPRGHOZKHUHVPDOOJURXSVRI\RXWK
PRYHIURPRQHDFWLYLW\WRDQRWKHU
3ODQ\RXUUDGLRRSHUDWLRQV
0DNHWKLQJVIXQDQGLQWHUHVWLQJ0DNHVXUH\RXUGHPRQVWUDWLRQVRIUDGLRFRQ
WDLQYLVXDO,QWHUQHWVRFLDOPHGLDDQGRUJDPLQJDVSHFWV$Q\RQHFDQWDONDURXQG
WKHZRUOGZLWKDVLPSOHFHOOSKRQHWRGD\VRWKHOXUHDQGPDJLFRIGRLQJLWZLWKD
UDGLRDUHQRWWKHUHIRUWRGD\¶V\RXWK%XWLIZHDGGLQDIHZHOHPHQWVLWVXGGHQO\
EHFRPHVIXQDQGLQWHUHVWLQJ$GGLQJRQOLQHGLVSOD\VRI\RXUDQGRWKHUKDPV¶UDGLR
DFWLYLWLHVWR\RXUGHPRVJLYHLWDJDPLQJDQGRUYLVXDODVSHFWWKDWFDQDWWUDFWDWWHQ
WLRQ6KRZWKHPDZDUGV\RXKDYHZRQHDUQHGDORQJZLWKLQWHUHVWLQJ46/FDUGV
Table 1
Your Place or Theirs?
<RXU3ODFH
$GYDQWDJHV 'LVDGYDQWDJHV
,QVWDOOHG$QWHQQD (TXLSPHQW 6L]HRIURRPIRUJURXS
5HVRXUFHVDWILQJHUWLSV 5HVWURRPIDFLOLWLHV
9DULHW\RIYLVXDOLWHPVPDSV 1RWDSXEOLFVSDFH
HTXLSPHQW46/FDUGVHWF ,QVXUDQFHOLDELOLWLHV
Serving Amateur Radio Since 1978
7KHLU/RFDWLRQ
$GYDQWDJHV 'LVDGYDQWDJHV
Full-line Dealer!
3XEOLFORFDWLRQ 1HHGWREULQJHTXLSPHQW ICOM, KENWOOD, YAESU
)DFLOLWLHVIRUJURXSV 1HHGWRVHWXSDQWHQQDV Heil, LDG, Comet, Diamond, GAP,
3DUHQWVPRUHFRPIRUWDEOH 3RVVLELOLW\RIQR,QWHUQHWDFFHVV Jetstream, Palstar, ARRL, CQ, MFJ,
&DQKDYHPXOWLSOHJURXSVRIVFRXWV Ameritron, Mirage, Nifty
&DQEHSDUWRIRWKHU6FRXWLQJDFWLYLW\ and many more!
KJI Electronics
610 Pompton Avenue
Cedar Grove, NJ 07009
973-571-1930
www.kjielectronics.com
5HDO+DPV
'R&RGH
/HDUQFRGHZLWK
K\SQRVLVWRGD\
'RZQORDG1RZ
ZZZVXFFHVVLVHDV\FRP

$VFUHHQFDSWXUHRIDQRQOLQHWXQDEOH6'5UHFHLYHURQPHWHUVORFDWHGLQWKH
1HWKHUODQGV7KLVLVRQHRIRYHUIUHHRQOLQHUHFHLYHUVOLVWHGDWZHEVGURUJ 6XFFHVV(DV\
6FUHHQFDSWXUHRIKWWSZHEVGUHZLXWZHQWHQO! 6( 0DSOH7HU
3RUW6W/XFLH)/

1RFRQWHVW"<RXFDQHYHQUXQ\RXURZQH\HEDOO462
SDUW\ WLQ\FFHETVRS! ZLWK D SLOH RI 46/ FDUGV DQG ORJ
VKHHWVQRUDGLRVUHTXLUHG
+HUHLVDQDUWLFOHRQ*DPLILFDWLRQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIJDP
LQJ FRQFHSWV WR QRQJDPLQJ DFWLYLWLHV DQG DPDWHXU UDGLR
KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\[WUNR!SDJH
3ODQQLQJ462VDQGKDYLQJJRRGFRQWDFWV
3XWWRJHWKHUDVFULSWIRUVWXGHQWVZLWKVXJJHVWHGLGHDVRQ
ZKDWWRVD\RQWKHDLU
)LQGDJRRGVWDWLRQZLWKZKLFKWRFDUU\RXWWZRZD\FRQ
YHUVDWLRQV
6WURQJFOHDUDQGUHDGDEOHVLJQDO
3UHSODQQHGVFKHGXOHVRUDVNSRWHQWLDOO\JRRGFDQGLGDWH
VWDWLRQVWR46<
0DNHDUUDQJHPHQWVZLWKRWKHUVWDWLRQVIRUVFKHGXOHV
+DYHDEDFNXS³SODQW´VWDWLRQV
0DNHDUUDQJHPHQWVZLWKDQRWKHURSHUDWRU\RXNQRZ
D6RPHRQH\RXNQRZZLOOKDYHJRRGSURSDJDWLRQWR\RX
DQGSUHSODQIUHTXHQFLHV
E6RPHRQH\RXNQRZFDQWDONZHOOZLWK\RXWK
L$VNJRRGTXHVWLRQV
LL+DYHSDWLHQFH
)R[KXQWLQJLVDJUHDWDFWLYLW\IRUYLVLWRUVWRDORFDOFOXE¶V LLL+DYHUHODWDEOHH[SHULHQFHVRILQWHUHVWWR\RXWKVKRE
)LHOG'D\VLWH3KRWRE\)UDQN7RPSNLQV:(=7 ELHVVSRUWVFDPSLQJWUDYHOHWFDQGDYRLG³UDGLRWDON´RI
HTXLSPHQWDQWHQQDVHWF
6FKHGXOHGHPRQVWUDWLRQWLPHVDQGSODQEDQGVZKHQSURS 3UHSDUHDQGPDNH\RXUVHOIDYDLODEOHWREHWKHSHUVRQRQ
DJDWLRQZLOOEHIDYRUDEOH WKHRWKHUVLGHRIWKHVWXGHQW462V«EHWKH³SODQW´
,ISRVVLEOHFRQVLGHUPXOWLSOHPRGHVRIRSHUDWLRQ 0LQLPL]HDPDWHXUUDGLRDEEUHYLDWLRQVDQGMDUJRQ
3KRQHFRQWDFWV 3ODQTXHVWLRQVWRDVN+HUHDUHVRPHVDPSOHTXHVWLRQV
D$OORZHDVLHUH[FKDQJHRILQIRUPDWLRQEHWZHHQ\RXWK IRUVFRXWJURXSVKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPYJG!
E0D\QRWLPSUHVVVWXGHQWVXVHGWRWDONLQJRQVPDOOKDQG 2IIHUWR46/DQGIROORZXSZLWKWZRFDUGVRQHIRUWKH
KHOGGHYLFHVFHOOSKRQHVDOOWKHWLPH VWDWLRQDQGRQHIRUWKHRSHUDWRUWRIRUZDUGWRWKHVFRXWLQJ
F'LVFXVVXQGHUVWDQGDELOLW\DKHDGRIWLPH JURXSRUFODVVURRP
L3KRQHWLFV
LL1RVLQJOHZRUGDQVZHUV 3ODQ$OWHUQDWLYHDQG2II$LU$FWLYLWLHV
LLL6SHDNLQJFOHDUO\DQGORXGHQRXJKLQWRWKHPLF +DYHDSODQ%LQFDVHRISUREOHPV\RXUSRUWDEOHDQWHQ
LY([SODLQDEEUHYLDWLRQVMDUJRQ QDLVQRWFXWWLQJLW\RXUUDGLRLVDFWLQJXSSURSDJDWLRQLVLQ
Y+DYHDIHZRIIDLUSUDFWLFH462V WKHSLWVHWF
'LJLWDO0RGHV +DYHEDFNXSHTXLSPHQW
D*RRGIRUPLFVK\\RXWKVHVSHFLDOO\ZLWKWKHLUH[SHUL +DYHPXOWLSOHEDQGVDYDLODEOH
HQFHZLWKWH[WLQJ +DYH RWKHU PRGHV DYDLODEOH &: FDQ VRPHWLPHV JHW
E7KHYLVXDOGLVSOD\FDQEHDSSHDOLQJWR\RXWK WKURXJKSRRUFRQGLWLRQVDQG)7FDQRIWHQZRUNZKHQFRQ
F8VHRI36.5HSRUWHUFDQVKRZZRUOGZLGHJUDSKLFUHS GLWLRQVDUHH[WUHPHO\SRRU
UHVHQWDWLRQVRIUDGLRVWDWLRQDFWLYLW\ +DYHWKDWSUHVFKHGXOHG³SODQW´VWDWLRQVHHDERYH
&: 2QHRIWKHZD\VPDQ\RIXVROGHUKDPVJRWLQWHUHVWHGLQ
D:LOOQRWEHXQGHUVWDQGDEOHE\HDUWRVWXGHQWVDOWKRXJK UDGLRZDVE\EXLOGLQJRUERUURZLQJDVLPSOHVKRUWZDYHUHFHLY
DOLWWOHSUHLQVWUXFWLRQPD\DOORZWKHPWRUHFRJQL]HFHUWDLQ HUDQGOLVWHQLQJWRVWDWLRQV6:/ZDVDJUHDWDFWLYLW\EXWLW
HOHPHQWV&455\RXUFDOOVLJQHWF KDGDIHZFDWFKHV²\RXKDGWRKDYHDUDGLRDQG\RXQHHG
E7KHDGGLWLRQRIDVWDQGDORQHRQVFUHHQRULQUDGLR&: HGWRSXWXSDQDQWHQQDSUHIHUDEO\RXWVLGH7RGD\ZLWKWKH
GHFRGHUFDQSURYLGHDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKDWWKH\DUH PDMRUGHFUHDVHLQFRPPHUFLDO$0VKRUWZDYHEURDGFDVWLQJ
KHDULQJ )RU PRUH LQIR VHH +DYLQJ )XQ ZLWK 0RUVH DQGPRVWRIWKHKDPYRLFHDFWLYLW\EHLQJ66%\RXDOVRQHHG
WLQ\FFIZP! DUDGLRFDSDEOHRIUHFHLYLQJ66%)RUWXQDWHO\EHFDXVHRI
F0DQ\VWXGHQWVOLNHWKHLGHDRI³VHFUHWFRGHV´DQGILQG LQWHUQHWUHVRXUFHVZHQRZKDYHDZD\DURXQGWKHVHREVWD
EDVLF0RUVHFRGHLQWHUHVWLQJ FOHV DQG LW LV HYHQ IUHH 2QOLQH 6'5V VRIWZDUHGHILQHG
G$JRRGKDQGVRQDFWLYLW\ZRXOGEHWREXLOGHLWKHURUERWK UDGLRVDUHDYDLODEOHWRDQ\RQHZLWKLQWHUQHWDFFHVV7KHVH
WKH ³&ORWKHVSLQ .H\´ WLQ\FFFSNH\! RU ³7KXPE 7H[WLQJ 6'5VDUHORFDWHGDURXQGWKHZRUOGDQGFDQEHWXQHGUHPRWH
.H\´WLQ\FFWWNH\! O\E\DVWXGHQWWROLVWHQWRKDPVZLWKQRQHHGIRUDUDGLRRU
&RPSHWLWLRQ*DPLQJ$VSHFWRI$PDWHXU5DGLR DQDQWHQQD7KHSHUIRUPDQFHLVUHPDUNDEOHFRPSDUHGWRP\
,I\RXDUHGRLQJDGHPRRQDFRQWHVWZHHNHQG VWZRWXEH*UD\PDUNUHJHQHUDWLYHUHFHLYHUDQGEDVH
D7KHLGHDRIFRPSHWLWLRQFDQEHRILQWHUHVWWRPDQ\\RXQJ PHQWDQWHQQD:HE6'5ZZZZHEVGURUJ!KDVDFROOHF
SHRSOH WLRQRIRYHUIUHHRSHQUDGLRVDURXQGWKHZRUOGZDLWLQJWR
E8VHRIDQRQOLQHFRQWHVWVFRUHERDUGFDQEULQJYLVXDO EHWXQHGE\DQRSHUDWRUZLWKQRHTXLSPHQWRIWKHLURZQ,
DSSHDODQGDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFRQWHVWLQJ7ZRH[DP KDYHFUHDWHGDVLQJOHSDJHKHOSVKHHWWLQ\FFVGUKHOS!WR
SOHV DUH DW KWWSFTFRQWHVWQHW! DQG KWWSVFRQWHVWRQOL DVVLVWVWXGHQWVLQJHWWLQJVWDUWHGDQGLWLQFOXGHVDOLVWRIVXJ
QHVFRUHFRP! JHVWHGKDPIUHTXHQFLHV

)R[ KXQWLQJ KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPUVFU! DQG KWWSV $OWKRXJKLWLVQRWWKHLGHDOZD\WROHDUQ&:ORQJWHUP
\RXWXEHSW3FV/LDZ"W ! SURYLGH0RUVH&RGHYLVXDOFKDUWVIRUWKLVVLPSOHH[HUFLVH
$ JUHDW DFWLYLW\ WKDW QRQOLFHQVHG LQGLYLGXDOV FDQ WDNH WLQ\FFPFF!
SDUWLQ 3URYLGHIROORZXSUHVRXUFHVIRUWKRVHWKDWZRXOGDFWXDO
,QP\H[SHULHQFHNLGVUHDOO\OLNHLW O\OLNHWROHDUQ0RUVH&RGH6HH³+DYLQJ)XQZLWK0RUVH´
,WLVDJUHDWRXWGRRUDFWLYLW\DIWHUEHLQJFRQILQHGLQDVPDOO WLQ\FFIZP!
UDGLRVKDFNRUFODVVURRPZLWKGR]HQVRIVWXGHQWVRUVFRXWV 6ROGHULQJ
<RXFRXOGDOVRKDYHDEXLOGLQJSURMHFWRIWDSHPHD 7KLVZDVDVXUSULVHWRPHEXWZKHQZHDVNHGRXUWK
VXUH <DJLV KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPWQD[G[! DQG KWWSV WRWKJUDGHVFKRROUDGLRFOXEZKDWDFWLYLWLHVWKH\OLNHGWKH
WLQ\XUOFRPUTYUM! EHVWRYHUWKHSDVW\HDUVROGHULQJFDPHLQEHKLQGIR[
*LYHWKHPDIROORZXSOLVWRI)R[KXQWLQJDFWLYLWLHVLQ\RXU KXQWLQJ
DUHDDQGLQYLWHWKHPDORQJRQKXQWV <RXFDQSXWWRJHWKHUVPDOOVROGHULQJSURMHFWVIURP\RXU
³&ORWKHVSLQ.H\´DQGRU³7KXPE7H[WLQJ.H\´VHHOLQNV MXQNER[RUHTXLSPHQWVFDYHQJLQJRU\RXFDQSLFNXS
DERYH WRNLWVRQH%D\IRUVPDOOVROGHULQJSURMHFWV-XVWHQVXUH
.LGVORYHEXLOGLQJWKLQJVDQGPDNLQJQRLVHDQGWKLVSUR \RXRUGHUHDUO\IRUWKHORQJWULSIURP&KLQD
MHFWGRHVERWKSOXVLWSURYLGHVWKHPZLWKDVLPSOHWRROWRGR 'RQ¶WIRUJHWWKHVDIHW\OHFWXUHDQGDGXOWVXSHUYLVLRQ
EDVLF0RUVHFRGHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV 6DWHOOLWHV
8VLQJMXVWDZRRGHQFORWKHVSLQD[SLHFHRIZRRG $OORZ \RX WR SURYLGH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ \HW DQRWKHU PHULW
WKXPEWDFNVDFRPSXWHUSLH]REX]]HUDQGDYROWEDWWHU\ EDGJH6SDFH([SORUDWLRQKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\[NON!
WKHSURMHFWFDQEHEXLOWIRUOHVVWKDQLILWHPVDUHSXUFKDVHG <RXZLOODOVRILQGRWKHUVSDFHUHVRXUFHVRQP\.LG5DGLR
LQEXON =RQHZHESDJHZZZ]WOHDUQFRPUDGLRNLGV!
3RUWDEOH2SHUDWLRQ
%DWWHU\SRZHUHG UDGLRV SRUWDEOH DQWHQQDV ELF\FOH
PRELOHSHGHVWULDQPRELOHHWFDUHDOODWWUDFWLYHGHPRQVWUD
WLRQVIRURXWGRRURULHQWHGJURXSVOLNHVFRXWV
5HPHPEHUWKHVHW\SHVRIRSHUDWLRQVPD\QRWSURYLGH
VXIILFLHQWVLJQDOVWUHQJWKIRUFRQWLQXHGVFRXWWRVFRXWFRP
PXQLFDWLRQVVR,WUHDWWKHPDVDQH[WUDDQGQRWWKHPDLQ
ZD\RIPDNLQJ-27$FRQWDFWV
³7URRS3URJUDP)HDWXUH5DGLR´ DQDUWLFOHRQNEVDQHW
² KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPY]D][U! ² SURYLGHV D QXPEHU RI
RWKHUDFWLYLWLHV\RXFDQGRZLWKVFRXWVRUVWXGHQWV,WLQFOXGHV
DFWLYLWLHV IRU $YLDWLRQ &LWL]HQVKLS ,Q WKH :RUOG &RP
PXQLFDWLRQV (OHFWURQLFV (QJLQHHULQJ 6LJQV 6LJQDOV
&RGHVDQG6SDFH([SORUDWLRQ0HULW%DGJHV
7RGD\¶V\RXWKORYHVKRUWYLGHRVDQG<RX7XEHFDQEHMXVW
WKHWKLQJWRFRQYH\LQIRUPDWLRQRQKRZUDGLRZRUNVKRZWRV
IRURSHUDWLQJDQGPRUH$JUHDWVHWRIYLGHRVLVIURP)DLWK
+DQQDK/HD.'=D\HDUROG([WUD&ODVVKDPDQGFDQ
EH IRXQG RQ WKH FKDQQHO +DP 5DGLR GRW :RUOG DW
KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPTWF[GQ! <RX FDQ DOVR HDVLO\ FUHDWH
\RXU RZQ <RX7XEH YLGHRV RULHQWHG WR \RXWK LQYROYHPHQW
2QHKLQWIRUXVLQJRQO\SRUWLRQVRI<RX7XEHYLGHRVDQGDYRLG
LQJ GLVWUDFWLQJ DGYHUWLVHPHQWV DQG FRPPHQWV LV WR HPEHG
YLGHRVLQD*RRJOH6OLGHVVKRZ)RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKH
VDIH XVH RI <RX7XEH ZLWK VWXGHQWV YLVLW WKH &RQWURO $OW
$FKLHYH EORJE\(ULF&XUWVDWWLQ\FFVDIH\W!
)ROORZXS1RWDOOWKHVWXGHQWVVFRXWVZLOOILQGDPD
WHXUUDGLRLQWHUHVWLQJHQRXJKWRSXUVXHIXUWKHUEXWKRSH
IXOO\ \RXZLOOKDYHDIHZ 0DNHVXUHWKHVH\RXWKVDUH
DZDUHRIKRZWRFRQWLQXH
3URYLGHRQOLQHUHVRXUFHV
³+DP5DGLR,QWUR 4XLFN6WDUW*XLGH´WLQ\FFQHZKDP!
³.%187KH 1R1RQVHQVH 7HFKQLFLDQ&ODVV /LFHQVH
6WXG\*XLGH´ ERWKDIUHH3')DQGSDLGERRNYHUVLRQDUH
DYDLODEOHKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\\\ZJFO!
ZZZN]WFRP!
3URYLGHZULWWHQUHVRXUFHV
5HPHPEHUWKRVHROGERRNVDQGPDQXDOV\RXKDYHRQ
WKHVKHOI
+RZDERXWDIHZROG467VRU&4 PDJD]LQHV"
&ODVVHV
$ VPDOO VDPSOH RI UDGLR UHVRXUFHV WKDW FDQ EH IRXQG RQ /HWWKHPNQRZZKHQWKHUHZLOOEHOLFHQVLQJFODVVHVLQ
.LGV 5DGLR =RQH ZHESDJH 6FUHHQ FDSWXUH RI ZZZ \RXUDUHDDQGPDNHVXUH\RXUHPLQGWKHPDJDLQEHIRUHWKH\
]WOHDUQFRPUDGLRNLGV! VWDUWKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPKQNSGR!

3ODQDOLFHQVLQJFODVVIRUWKHPVSHFLILFDOO\ :H KDYH RQO\ VFUDWFKHG WKH VXUIDFH RI LGHDV IRU \RXWK
6WDUWDVFKRROFOXE LQYROYHPHQW VR OHW¶V FORVH ZLWK D IHZ LPSRUWDQW SRLQWV
6HHP\FROOHFWLRQRIDUWLFOHVRQ(GXFDWLRQ5HVRXUFHVLQ $OWKRXJKKDYLQJVWXGHQWVDWWDLQDPDWHXUUDGLROLFHQVHVPLJKW
D FROOHFWLRQ RI P\ 2KLR 6HFWLRQ -RXUQDO $UWLFOHV WLQ\FF EH\RXUHQGJRDOLWWDNHVWLPHDQGORWVRISDWLHQFH$OVRUHDO
DUHGRXW! L]HWKDWQRWHYHU\RQHZLOOZDQWWREHFRPHOLFHQVHGDWWKHWLPH
&KHFNZLWK\RXU$55/6HFWLRQ<RXWK&RRUGLQDWRU6<& EXW\RXPD\EHSODQWLQJIXWXUHVHHGVRUDWOHDVWIXWXUHJRRG
IRUDVVLVWDQFH,I\RXUVHFWLRQGRHVQRWKDYHDQ6<&FRQWDFW ZLOOWRZDUGDPDWHXUUDGLR,I\RXGRJHWVWXGHQWVOLFHQVHG
\RXU6HFWLRQ0DQDJHUDQGOHWKLPKHUNQRZ\RXUVHFWLRQ UHPHPEHUWKDW\RXULPPHGLDWHJRDOVKRXOGH[SDQGWRPHQ
QHHGVRQHZZZDUUORUJVHFWLRQV! WRULQJ 0HQWRULQJ PHDQV JHWWLQJ QHZ OLFHQVHHV RQ WKH DLU
%HFRPH D PHULW EDGJH FRXQVHORU KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP WHDFKLQJ WKHP RSHUDWLQJ VNLOOV DQG KHOSLQJ WKHP JURZ DV
UUKTW!,QDGGLWLRQWR5DGLR0HULW%DGJHFRQVLGHURWKHU KDPV$FOXEVWDWLRQJXHVWRSHUDWLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGRU
EDGJHVEDVHGRQ\RXUSURIHVVLRQKREELHVDQGH[SHULHQFHV ORDQHUHTXLSPHQWFDQEHYHU\LPSRUWDQWLQWKLVSURFHVVDV
KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\[G! ZHOODVDFRPPLWPHQWWRPHQWRULQJE\RWKHUFOXEPHPEHUV
6KDUH\RXUH[SHULHQFHVDQGLGHDV,I\RXKDYHDGGLWLRQ (QVXUHWKDWHYHU\RQHLQYROYHGLQ\RXU\RXWKRXWUHDFKXQGHU
DOUHVRXUFHVOLQNVWRUHVRXUFHVRURWKHULQIRUPDWLRQWRVKDUH VWDQGV WKH QHHG WR DOZD\V LPSUHVV VFKRRO DGPLQLVWUDWRUV
SOHDVHVHQGWKHPWRPHYLDHPDLON]W#DUUOQHW!DQG,ZLOO WHDFKHUVDQGSDUHQWVZLWKRXUSRVLWLYHFDULQJDQGLPSHF
DGGWKHPWRP\ZHESDJHVIRUWKHEHQHILWRIRWKHUV FDEOHFRQGXFW
Resources & Links

=7/HDUQDQG.=7FRP
7KH.LGV5DGLR=RQHZZZ]WOHDUQFRPUDGLRNLGV!
7HDFKHU5DGLR=RQHZZZ]WOHDUQFRPUDGLRWHDFKHUV!
+DP5DGLR<RXWK5HVRXUFHV+DQGRXWWLQ\FFKU\!
7ULIROG67(0EURFKXUH+DP5DGLR²7KH2ULJLQDO0DNHU0RYHPHQW WLQ\FFKUPDNHUV!
6FRXWLQJ $PDWHXU5DGLRWLQ\FFDUVFRXW!
+DP5DGLR4XLFN6WDUW*XLGHWLQ\FFQHZKDP!
.=7$PDWHXU5DGLR5HVRXUFHVZZZN]WFRP!
7KH$55/KDVDQXPEHURI\RXWKUHVRXUFHVLQFOXGLQJ
(73(GXFDWLRQDO7HFKQRORJ\3URMHFW&ODVVURRP5HVRXUFHVKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPU]FIXZ!
7HDFKHUV,QVWLWXWHRQ:LUHOHVV7HFKQRORJ\KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPH[]SMM!
5HJLVWHUZLWK$55/DVD&ODVVURRP7HDFKHUKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPWOTY[Z!
$55/&ROOHJLDWH$PDWHXU5DGLR,QLWLDWLYH&$5,KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPXYVGJO!

MATH’S NOTES
BY IRWIN MATH,* WA2NDM
Some Notes on Upgrading Older “Boat Anchors” From Vacuum

Tubes to Transistors
)LJXUH6LPSOHWULRGHYDFXXPWXEH
:
KLOH UHVHDUFKLQJ PDWHULDOV IRU
WKLVFROXPQ,FDPHDFURVVLQIRU
PDWLRQ LQGLFDWLQJ KRZ WUDQVLV
WRUVJUDGXDOO\UHSODFHGYDFXXPWXEHVLQ
HOHFWURQLFJHDUEXWKRZVLPLODUDQGGLI
)LJXUH6LPSOHWULRGHYDFXXPWXEHDPSOLILHU
IHUHQWWKH\DUHIURPHDFKRWKHUDVZHOO
DVVRPHK\EULGDWWHPSWV$V\RXDOOZHOO
NQRZEHIRUHWKHWUDQVLVWRUYDFXXPWXEHV RQWKHJULGWKHHOHFWURQIORZFDQEHYDU XPWXEHDQGLVW\SLFDOO\LQWKHUDQJHRI
ZHUH WKH PDLQVWD\ RI UDGLR WHFKQRORJ\ LHG IURP PD[LPXP WR QRQH 1RZ OHW XV WR6RPXFKIRUYDFXXPWXEHV
$PSOLILHUV RVFLOODWRUV VZLWFKHV HWF VHHKRZWKLVZRUNV
ZHUHDOOGHVLJQHGZLWKWKHVHGHYLFHVDQG )LJXUH LVWKHVFKHPDWLFRIDVLPSOHWUL
DOORIWKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVWHFKQRORJ\RI Comparison With Transistors
RGH DXGLR DPSOLILHU VWDJH VXFK DV ZDV 0RYLQJRQ)LJXUH LVWKHVFKHPDWLFRID
WKHPLGWK FHQWXU\HPSOR\HGWKHP$W IRXQGLQPDQ\UDGLRVRIWKHHDUO\DQGHYHQ
WKHWLPHWKDWWUDQVLVWRUVILUVWFDPHRQWKH FRPPRQILHOGHIIHFWWUDQVLVWRURU)(7,Q
PLGGOHSDUWRIWKHWK FHQWXU\<RXZLOO DGGLWLRQWRHDUO\MXQFWLRQWUDQVLVWRUVILHOG
VFHQH WKHUH ZHUH VHYHUDO DWWHPSWV QRWH WKDW WKHUH LV D KLJKYDOXH UHVLVWRU
RIIHUHG WR FRQYHUW YDFXXP WXEH HTXLS HIIHFW GHYLFHV ZHUH DOVR EHLQJ VWXGLHG
EHWZHHQWKHSODWHDQGDSRVLWLYHKLJKYROW DQG PDQXIDFWXUHG LQ WKH HDUO\ GD\V
PHQWGLUHFWO\ZLWKSOXJLQGHYLFHVFDOOHG DJHDQGDORZYDOXHUHVLVWRUEHWZHHQWKH
³VROLGVWDWHWXEHV´7KLVJRWPHWKLQNLQJ :KHQFRPSDUHGZLWKDYDFXXPWXEH\RX
FDWKRGHDQGJURXQG7KHJULGLVDOVRFRQ ZLOOQRWHWKDWWKHUHDUHVLPLODUHOHPHQWV
WKDWSHUKDSVVRPHRI\RXPLJKWDFWXDOO\ QHFWHG WR JURXQG WKURXJK D YHU\ KLJK
FRQVLGHU³XSJUDGLQJ´ROGHUGHYLFHV,WKLQN QDPHO\ WKH VRXUFH D JDWH DQG D GUDLQ
YDOXHUHVLVWRU:LWKQRVLJQDODSSOLHGWR 7KH³VRXUFH´LVWKHVRXUFHRIHOHFWURQV²
WKLVLVDQLQWHUHVWLQJWRSLFIRUWKHWHFKQR WKHJULGWKHUHLVDFXUUHQWIORZEHWZHHQ
ORJLFDOO\LQFOLQHGDPRQJXVDQGZRXOGOLNH FRPSDUDEOH WR D WXEH¶V FDWKRGH WKH
FDWKRGHDQGSODWHZKLFKFDXVHVDVPDOO ³JDWH´FRQWUROVWKHIORZRIWKHVHHOHFWURQV
WRVKDUHVRPHWKRXJKWVDORQJWKRVHOLQHV YROWDJH WR DSSHDU DFURVV WKH FDWKRGH
ZLWK\RXWKLVPRQWK VLPLODUWRWKHJULGLQDWXEHDQGWKH³GUDLQ´
UHVLVWRU6LQFHWKHJULGXVHVWKHFDWKRGH
DV D UHIHUHQFH WKH YROWDJH DFURVV WKLV
Vacuum Tube Basics UHVLVWRUDSSHDUVDVDQHJDWLYHYROWDJHDW
7RXQGHUVWDQGWKHWKLQNLQJDWWKHWLPHZH WKHJULGDQGWKHUHIRUHDGMXVWVWKHDPRXQW
PXVWILUVWORRNDWDW\SLFDOYDFXXPWXEHDV RIFXUUHQWWKDWFDQIORZ,QVKRUWLW³ELDV
VKRZQLQ)LJXUH,QRSHUDWLRQWKHILOD HV´WKHJULG1RZLIDORZOHYHODXGLRVLJ
PHQWKHDWVWKHFDWKRGHZKLFKWKHQJLYHV QDOLVDSSOLHGEHWZHHQWKHJULGDQGJURXQG
RIIHOHFWURQV7KHUHGOLQHVVKRZWKHSDWK DQGDFURVVWKHPHJRKPUHVLVWRUWKH
RIWKHVHHOHFWURQVIURPWKHKHDWHGFDWK JULGYROWDJHZLOOYDU\LQVWHSZLWKWKHDXGLR
RGH WR WKH SRVLWLYHO\ FKDUJHG SODWH ,Q VLJQDODQGWKHSODWHFLUFXLWFXUUHQWZLOODOVR
EHWZHHQWKHWZRLVWKHJULGZKLFKVHUYHV YDU\SURGXFLQJDQDPSOLILHGRXWSXW7KH
WRFRQWUROWKHDPRXQWRIHOHFWURQVIORZLQJ WZRFDSDFLWRUVVKRZQDUHXVHGWREORFN
EHWZHHQWKHWZR%\YDU\LQJWKHYROWDJH WKHYROWDJHVZLWKLQWKHVWDJHIURPRWKHU
VWDJHVWKDWPD\EHFRQQHFWHG7KHJDLQ
RIVXFKDVWDJHLVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHFRQ )LJXUH 6FKHPDWLF RI DQ 1 FKDQQHO
FR&4PDJD]LQH VWUXFWLRQRIWKHHOHPHQWVZLWKLQWKHYDFX ILHOGHIIHFWWUDQVLVWRU

FROOHFWVWKHHOHFWURQVDQGGUDLQVWKHPRII RIPRVWFRPPRQYDFXXPWXEHUHFWLILHUV RQH1RZFDOFXODWHWKHZDWWDJHEHLQJGLV
OLNHWKHSODWHLQDWXEH)LJXUH LVWKHVDPH 7KHVH FRPSRQHQWV FDQ EH WHPSRUDULO\ VLSDWHG E\ WKH UHVLVWRU : (5 DQG
DXGLRDPSOLILHUDVLQ)LJXUHEXWWKLVWLPH ORFDWHGLQDGLVFDUGHGYDFXXPWXEHEDVH VHOHFWDQHTXLYDOHQWUHVLVWRUZLWKWKHQHDU
ZLWKWKH)(7LQVWHDGRIWKHWXEH$VLQWKH RUXQGHUWKHFKDVVLVZKLFKHYHULVHDVLHU HVWUHVLVWDQFHYDOXHDQGZDWWDJHDERXW
FDVHRIWKHYDFXXPWXEHDPSOLILHUFLUFXLW 1H[W VORZO\ LQFUHDVH WKH LQSXW YROWDJH WRPRUHIRUVDIHW\DQGPRXQW
LI D ORZOHYHO DXGLR VLJQDO LV DSSOLHG IURPWRWKHQRUPDO$&OLQHYDOXHZKLOH LWHLWKHULQWKHWXEHEDVHRUXQGHUWKHFKDV
EHWZHHQWKHJDWHDQGJURXQGDQGDFURVV PHDVXULQJ WKH RXWSXW YROWDJH DIWHU WKH VLV,IWKHSRZHULVKLJKHQVXUHWKHUHLV
WKHPHJRKPUHVLVWRUWKHJDWHYROWDJH UHVLVWRUZLWKWKHXQLWLQQRUPDORSHUDWLRQ DGHTXDWHVSDFHIRUFRROLQJWKHUHVLVWRU,I
ZLOOYDU\LQVWHSZLWKWKHDXGLRVLJQDODQG :KHQ\RXJHWWRWKHVDPH'&YROWDJHDV \RXGRDQHDWMREWKHILQDOSOXJLQVROLG
WKHGUDLQFLUFXLWFXUUHQWZLOODOVRYDU\SUR SUHYLRXVO\PHDVXUHGPHDVXUHWKHYDOXH VWDWHUHFWLILHUFDQORRNTXLWHSURIHVVLRQDO
GXFLQJDQDPSOLILHGRXWSXW$JDLQWKHWZR RIWKHUHVLVWRUDQGWKHYROWDJHGURSDFURVV $OWKRXJK\RXKDYHOLJKWHQHGWKHORDGRQ
FDSDFLWRUV VKRZQ DUH XVHG WR EORFN WKH LW <RX ZLOO KDYH WR DGMXVW WKH RKP WKH WUDQVIRUPHU E\ H[WHQGLQJ WKH VWUDLQ
YROWDJHV ZLWKLQ WKH VWDJH IURP RWKHU UHVLVWRUXQWLO\RXJHWWKHSURSHUYROWDJH,I RQLW\RXVWLOOQHHGWRKDQGOHWKHKHDWIURP
VWDJHVWKDWPD\EHFRQQHFWHG RKPVLVQRWKLJKHQRXJKXVHDQRWK WKHYROWDJHGURSRIWKHUHVLVWRU
7KHUHDUHWZRPDLQDGYDQWDJHVRIWKH HURKPUHVLVWRULQVHULHVZLWKWKHILUVW :LWK UHJDUG WR GLRGHV \RX FRXOG DOVR
WUDQVLVWRURYHUWKHYDFXXPWXEHLQWKLVFLU
FXLW $ ILODPHQW YROWDJH LV QRW UHTXLUHG
XVLQJOHVVSRZHUDQGWKHRSHUDWLQJYROW
DJHLVFRQVLGHUDEO\OHVVHOLPLQDWLQJWKH
QHHGIRUDKLJKYROWDJHSRZHUVXSSO\,Q
DGGLWLRQWKHWUDQVLVWRULVDOVRPXFKVPDOO
HUWKDQWKHYDFXXPWXEH,QWKHVDPHGLV
FXVVLRQRIDGYDQWDJHVNHHSLQPLQGWKDW
WKHVROLGVWDWHGLRGHFDQDOVRUHSODFHWKH
YDFXXPWXEHGLRGHRUUHFWLILHUZLWKVLP
LODUVDYLQJVUHGXFLQJWKHQHHGIRUWKHILO
DPHQW YROWDJH DQG RFFXS\LQJ FRQVLGHU
DEO\OHVVVSDFH
Updating a “Boat Anchor”

,IRQHZDQWVWRH[SHULPHQWZLWKWKHVHW\SH
RIGHYLFHVSHUKDSVWR³XSGDWH´DQROGHU
³ERDW DQFKRU´ UDGLR WKHUH DUH VHYHUDO
ZD\VWRJR7KHILUVWLVWRFRQVLGHUZKDW
\RXDUHJRLQJWRUHSODFH2EYLRXVO\WKH
UHFWLILHUFRPHVWRPLQGILUVW7KHROG8
< HWF DOO FRQYHUWHG WKH KLJKYROWDJH
RXWSXWRIDWUDQVIRUPHURUWKH$&OLQHLQ )LJXUH6FKHPDWLFRIDQ1FKDQQHOILHOGHIIHFWWUDQVLVWRUDPSOLILHU
VRPHFDVHVWR'&EXWJRWTXLWHKRWLQ
WKH SURFHVV GXH WR ERWK WKH GURS LQ WKH
WXEH DV ZHOO DV WKH ORDG RQ WKH SRZHU
WUDQVIRUPHUE\WKHYROWILODPHQWUHTXLUH
PHQW +RZHYHU D IHZ 1 GLRGHV
FDQGRWKHVDPHWDVNDQGHOLPLQDWHWKH
WUDQVIRUPHU ILODPHQW ORDG 1RWH WKDW WKH
SHDN UHYHUVH YROWDJH RI VRPH UHFWLILHU
WXEHVLVLQWKHRUGHURIYROWVVRWKH
GLRGHV \RX XVH PXVW KDYH D VLPLODU
UHYHUVH YROWDJH 6RPHWLPHV VHYHUDO
GLRGHVLQVHULHVZLOOEHQHHGHG
)LJXUH LV D VFKHPDWLF RI D VXLWDEOH
UHSODFHPHQWWKDWFDQHYHQEHEXLOWLQWRDQ
ROG YDFXXP WXEH EDVH IURP D GHIHFWLYH
WXEHZLWKWKHFRUUHFWQXPEHURISLQVDV )LJXUH6ROLGVWDWHUHSODFHPHQWIRUYDFXXPWXEHUHFWLILHUV
DSOXJLQGHYLFH7KHYROWDJHGURSRIDFRX
SOHRIGLRGHVKRZHYHULVPXFKOHVVWKDW
WKDW RI WKH WXEH VR D UHVLVWRU KDV WR EH
DGGHGWRGURSWKH'&RXWSXWWRDOHYHOVLP
LODUWRWKHRULJLQDOWXEHVRDVWRQRWRYHU
ORDGWKHYROWDJHUDWLQJVRIWKHILOWHUFDSDF
LWRUV)LQGLQJRXWWKHFRUUHFWYDOXHRIWKLV
UHVLVWRUUHTXLUHVWKDW\RXILUVWPHDVXUHWKH
'&YROWDJHDWWKHRXWSXWRIWKHQRUPDOO\
LQVWDOOHG WXEH XQGHU DFWXDO RSHUDWLRQ
7KHQXVLQJD9DULDFUHSODFHWKHWXEHZLWK
D GLRGH UHSODFHPHQW WKDW \RX FRQVWUXFW
DORQJZLWKDRKPZDWWDGMXVWDEOH
UHVLVWRUVHWWRPD[LPXPUHVLVWDQFH7KLV
YDOXHZLOOFRYHUWKHLQWHUQDOYROWDJHGURSV )LJXUH6ROLGVWDWHUHSODFHPHQWIRU64GLRGHV

MASTWERKS™ RTS 1500 SERIES ROTATIONAL TRIPOD & MAST SYSTEMS
FULL FEATURED LIGHTWEIGHT QUICK-DEPLOY UNIQUE HAND CRANK
MASTS AND TRIPODS FOR THE AMATEUR RADIO Rotates tripod nearly
COMMUNITY AND BEYOND. effortlessly. Automatically
locks into position. (Remote
AVAILABLE IN 3 controlled motor driven unit
ADJUSTABLE HEIGHTS available Fall 2019).
13’ 23’ 32’
PATENT-PENDING
MAST TUBE
Prevents rotation within
itself and thereby removes
the rotational forces on the
collar locks.
BULLSEYE LEVEL LEVER LOCKS

Enables leveling Enable incredibly fast and
of mast secure height changes.
quickly in the field. Single hand operation.
ORDER NOW at www.buddipole.com www.mastwerks.com / 503.372.6474 / info@mastwerks.com
DSSUR[LPDWHO\.WR.DQGWKHSODWH
YROWDJHGURSSHGZLWKD=HQHUGLRGHUHVLV
WRUDQGFDSDFLWRUWRWRYROWVDVDOVR
VKRZQ7KHVHZLOOKDYHWREHGHWHUPLQHG
H[SHULPHQWDOO\,IWKHORDGRIWKHDPSOLILHU
LVDQ,)WUDQVIRUPHUZLQGLQJWKHQDUHVLV
WRUORDGLVQRWQHHGHGEXWWKH=HQHUGLRGH
DQGLWVGURSSLQJUHVLVWRUDUHVWLOOUHTXLUHG
:KHQ\RXVXFFHVVIXOO\GRWKLV\RXZLOOILQG
WKDWWKHSRZHUUHTXLUHGE\WKHILQDOXQLWZLOO
EHPXFKOHDVWKDQEHIRUHDVDOOILODPHQW
SRZHUZLOOQRZQRWEHQHHGHG
,NQRZWKLVLVDSURMHFWIRUWKHWHFKQLFDO
O\LQFOLQHGEXWLI\RXKDYHD³ERDWDQFKRU¶
WKDW \RX VLPSO\ ORYH WKLV PD\ EH WKH
DQVZHUWRZDUGSURORQJLQJLWVOLIHDQGSHU
KDSVHYHQLPSURYLQJLWVRSHUDWLRQ,I\RX
GRDVHDUFKIRU³SLFWXUHVVROLGVWDWHWXEHV´
RQWKHLQWHUQHW\RXZLOOVHHPDQ\YHUVLRQV
RIFRPPHUFLDOSURGXFWVIURPWKHSDVWDV
ZHOODVKRPHEUHZGHVLJQV
)LJXUH5HYLVHGUHSODFHPHQWVROLGVWDWHDPSOLILHU ,QFRQFOXVLRQ,ZDQWWRLQGLFDWHWKDWWKLV
FROXPQLVUHDOO\LQWHQGHGWRLQGLFDWHZKDW
FDQEHGRQHWRXSJUDGHROGHUGHYLFHVE\
UHSODFHWKHGLRGHVHFWLRQRIPDQ\YDFX JUDSK\RXPLJKWEHDEOHWRFRQILJXUHD WKRVH VR PRWLYDWHG 2EYLRXVO\ H[SHUL
XPWXEHVZLWKVLPSOH1GLRGHV7KLV FRPSOHWHO\VROLGVWDWHWXEHXVLQJWKHWUDQ PHQWDWLRQLVUHTXLUHGDQGWKHUHLVQRJXDU
ZLOO QRW QHFHVVDULO\ UHGXFH SRZHU GLVVL VLVWRUDPSOLILHUDQGVROLGVWDWHGLRGHV DQWHHWKDWDOOVXFKPRGLILFDWLRQVZLOORSHU
SDWLRQRIWKHWXEHEXWZLOOUHVXOWLQORZHU )LQDOO\ZHJHWWRWKHDPSOLILHU5HIHUULQJ DWHSURSHUO\WKHILUVWWLPHDURXQGEXWLWZLOO
GURSV ZKHQ QHHGHG SHUKDSV PDNLQJ D WR)LJXUH\RXPXVWGRVHYHUDOWKLQJVDV EHIXQWRWU\
UHFWLILHGVLJQDOVRPHZKDWKLJKHU)LJXUH VKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHWULRGHVHFWLRQPXVW )LQDOO\ZKHQZRUNLQJZLWKWKHKLJKYROW
VKRZVKRZWRGRWKLVZKHQXSJUDGLQJ EHUHSODFHGZLWKDQ1FKDQQHO-)(7VXFK DJHVSUHVHQWLQVXFKHTXLSPHQWSOHDVH
WKH64GHWHFWRUFLUFXLWLQWKHVRFDOOHG DVWKH11RU31VHULHV EHH[WUDFDXWLRXV6DIHW\ILUVW
³$OO $PHULFDQ 7XEH 5DGLR´ :KHQ ZH $OVR WKH ORDG UHVLVWRU PXVW EH UHSODFHG ±%HVWOXFNDQGEHVWUHJDUGV,UZLQ
VSHDNDERXWDPSOLILHUVLQWKHQH[WSDUD ZLWKDORZHUYDOXHUHVLVWRULQWKHUDQJHRI :$1'0

THE LISTENING POST
BY GERRY DEXTER
Stations Reactivated Across the Globe
a 5DGLR9DQXDWXKDVEHHQUHDFWLYDW DQ\WKLQJHOVH\RXWKLQNPLJKWEHRILQWHU
HGRQN+]DWOHDVWWHPSRUDULO\ HVW7KHVDPHKROGVIRU\RXDPDWHXUV
1R ZRUG \HW RQ ZKHWKHU WKH QRUPDOO\ ZKR OLVWHQ WR VKRUWZDYH EURDGFDVWV ,
XVHGDQGN+]IUHTXHQFLHV NQRZ \RX¶UH RXW WKHUH <RX WRR DUH
DUH VWLOO EHLQJ ZRUNHG RQ 9DQXDWX¶V PRVWZHOFRPHWRFRQWULEXWH
QHZVFKHGXOHVHHPVWREH +HUHDUHWKLVPRQWK¶VORJV$OOWLPHV
87&DQG87&GHSHQGLQJ DUHLQ87&,IQRODQJXDJHLVLQGLFDWHG
RQ ZKLFK IUHTXHQF\ LV DFWLYH 5DGLR WKHQ(QJOLVKLVDVVXPHG
9DQXDWXLVEHLQJZHOOKHDUGRQWKH:HVW
&RDVWRIWKH86«VRPHWLPHVHYHQ $/*(5,$²5DGLR$OJHULHQQH
PDNLQJLWLQWRWKH0LGZHVW YLD)UDQFHZLWK4XU¶DQDW%URVVHOO
a *HUPDQ\ KDV D QHZ VKRUWZDYH :,
YRLFHLQWKHIRUPRI5DGLR6H7DZKLFK $1*2/$²5DGLR 1DFLRQDO
EHJDQ XVLQJ N+] RQ &KULVWPDV 0XOYHQRV DW LQ 3RUWXJXHVH ZLWK
'D\,W¶VQR'HXWVFKH:HOOHEXWHYHQ PXVLF DQG D PDOH DQQRXQFHU 6HOOHUV
VRLW¶VDLULQJIURP87&RYHU %&
&KDQQHO IURP 5RKUEDFK:DOO , $6&(16,21²%%&6RXWK $WODQWLF
VXVSHFWLWZLOODOVRXVH&KDQQHO¶V 5HOD\DWZLWKDSURILOHRID
NLORZDWWWUDQVPLWWHU VFXOSWRU6HOOHUV%&ZLWKZRUOG
a $OO,QGLD5DGLRKDVUHDFWLYDWHGLWV QHZVDW%URVVHOO:,
$L]DZOVLWHZKLFKKDGEHHQVLOHQWIRUD $5*(17,1$²5$( YLD :50,
QXPEHU RI \HDUV ,W¶V VFKHGXOHG IURP FDUU\LQJ ³$UJHQWLQD WR WKH :RUOG´ SUR
87& DQG 87& JUDPDW6HOOHUV%&
$8675$/,$²5HDFK %H\RQG
RQLWVIRUPHUN+]IUHTXHQF\
.XQXQXUUDLQ.RUHDQDWZLWKDPDQ
a 2QH RI WKH ZHOONQRZQ RSSRVLWLRQ WDONLQJWKHQLQWRZRPDQKRVWLQJSURJUDP
$QHZVRXQGFRPHVIURP6DUDZDNLQ
EURDGFDVWHUV(FKRRI+RSHKDVPRYHG RIK\PQV7D\ORU:, WKHIRUPRI5DGLR1\DZD6DUDZDNRQ
WRN+]RQFHRFFXSLHGE\3DSXD %276:$1$²92$ 5HOD\ 0RSHQJ N+] LQ ORFDO ODQJXDJHV IURP
1HZ*XLQHD¶V1%&3RUW0RUHVE\(FKR +LOOZLWKVWDWLRQ,'<DQNHH'RRGOH 87&
RI +RSH EURDGFDVWV WKHUH IURP 6RXWK ,6 UHSHDWHG DQG LQWR QHZV DW
.RUHDWRWKH1RUWK,W¶VEHLQJKHDUGLQ 6HOOHUV %& DW ZLWK
.RUHDQDURXQG87& ZRPDQ KRVWLQJ D SURJUDP VSHDNLQJ LQ 7D\ORU :, :KR QRWHV WKHVH ZHUH DOO
a 5DGLR 6DQWD &UX] LQ %ROLYLD KDV +DXVD'¶$QJHOR3$ %URVVHOO:, QRWHGRQDQH[FHSWLRQDORSHQLQJWR&KLQD
EHHQRIIWKHDLUODWHO\,¶PQRWSULY\WR %5$=,/ ±$OOLQ3RUWXJXHVH±*/' DQGWKDWDOOZHUHSUHVXPHGORJV±*/'
WKHUHDVRQEXWWKHJHUHQWHPDQDJHU 5DGLR 1DFLRQDO %UDVLOLVD DW (1*/$1'²%%& :RRIIHUWRQ
DVVXUHVLWVOLVWHQHUVWKH\GRLQWHQGWR ZLWKPDQWDONLQJDQGSURJUDP ZLWKZRUOGQHZVDW%URVVHOO:,
UHWXUQ RIYRFDOV,QWKHFOHDUDIWHU&5,VLJQRIIDW (7+,23,$²$PKDUD 5DGLR
a %DFNLQPLG6HSWHPEHUWKH'DQLVK '¶$QJHOR 3$ DW $GGLV$EDEDDWZLWKIUHQHWLF+2$
JRYHUQPHQW VXGGHQO\ ZLWKGUHZ SHU %URVVHOO:, PXVLFFKDQWVDQGUDSLGLQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ
PLVVLRQIRU:RUOG0XVLF5DGLRWRRSHU 5DGLR$SDUHFLGD$SDUHFLGDDW 3HUU\,/
DWHRQRXWRIEDQGIUHTXHQFLHVZKLFK ZLWKWDONVDQGLQVWUXPHQWDOPXVLF 9RLFHRIWKH7LJUD\5HYROXWLRQ$GGLV
PHDQW :05 FHDVHG XVLQJ N+] %URVVHOO:, $EDEDWHPSRUDULO\LQWKHFOHDUGXU
&$1$'$²&)5; 7RURQWR DW LQJ:50,¶VFDUULHUSDXVHDW
DQGN+]7KHVWDWLRQPD\UHWXUQ
ZLWK DGV IRU KRPH VHFXULW\ &79 ZLWKZLOGFUD]\PXVLF7LJUD\FRXOGVWLOO
WRLQEDQGFKDQQHOVDQGQRWHVWKDWLW EHKHDUGDIWHU:50,UHVXPHG3HUU\,/
1HZV:DOPDUW3KDUPDF\VWDWLRQ,'DW
KRSHGWREHEDFNVRPHWLPHLQ-DQXDU\ )5$1&(²5DGLR )UDQFH ,QWHUQD
6HOOHUV%&
&+,1$²&KLQD 5DGLR ,QWHUQDWLRQDO WLRQDODWZLWKPXVLFDQGWDONV
Logs -LQKXDDWLQ-DSDQHVH LQ+DXVD6HOOHUV%&LQ)UHQFKDW
<RXUVKRUWZDYHEURDGFDVWVWDWLRQORJV .DVKLLQ)UHQFKDW%HLMLQJ %URVVHOO:,
DUHDOZD\VZHOFRPH%XWSOHDVHHQVXUH LQ6SDQLVKDW%URVVHOO:, *(50$1<²*UXVV DQ %RUG
WRGRXEOHRUWULSOHVSDFHEHWZHHQWKH 0DOL 5HOD\ DW EHJLQQLQJ ³&KLQHVH SRVVLEO\ YLD 1DXHQ DW ZLWK WKHLU
ORJVOLVWHDFKORJDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVWD 7KHDWUH´ SURJUDP DOVR JRRG DQQXDO &KULVWPDV SURJUDP LQ *HUPDQ
WLRQ¶VKRPHFRXQWU\ DQGLQFOXGH\RXU 6HOOHUV%& '¶$QJHOR3$ 7D\ORU:,
ODVWQDPHDQGVWDWHDEEUHYLDWLRQDIWHU 3%6;LDQJ%DLGLQJLQ0DQGDULQ *5((&(²9RLFH RI *UHHFH
HDFK $OVR QHHGHG DUH VSDUH 46/V DW3%6;LQMLDQJ&KDQJLLQ $YOLVLQ*UHHNDW%URVVHOO:,
FRSLHVVWDWLRQVFKHGXOHVEURFKXUHV .D]DN DW 3%6 <XQDQ )0 LQ *8,1($²579*XLQHDLQ)UHQFK
SHQQDQWVVWDWLRQRUVKDFNSKRWRVDQG 0DQGDULQDW3%64XLQJKDL DWZLWKPDQDQGZRPDQWDONLQJDERXW
LQ 0DQGDULQ DW 3%6 &KDQJL LQ *XLQHDVWDWLRQ,'DW6HOOHUV%&
0RQJROLDQ ZLWK DQ LQWHUYLHZ 3%6 ,1',$² %HQJDOXUX DW DW
FR&4 PDJD]LQH 6FLKXDQ DW LQ 0DQGDULQ ZLWK,6XQWLO(QJOLVKVWDWLRQ,'

LQ5XVVLDQZLWKWDONVDW.%'0'3$LQ-DSDQHVH
DW%URVVHOO:,DWLQ-DSDQHVHZLWKD)UDQN
6LQDWUDQXPEHU6HOOHUV%&
.8:$,7²5DGLR.XZDLWLQ$UDELFDW%URVVHOO
:, 7D\ORU:,
/,%(5,$²(/:$ 0RQURYLD ZLWK EDUHO\ DXGLEOH &KULVWPDV
PXVLFDWVWDWLRQ,'DQGVLJQRII7D\ORU:,
0$'$*$6&$5²:RUOG &KULVWLDQ %URDGFDVWLQJ LQ
6SDQLVK KRVWLQJ SURJUDP RI &KULVWPDV PXVLF DW
'¶$QJHOR3$
$IULFDQ3DWKZD\V5DGLRDWRSHQLQJZLWK³%LJ
<HOORZ7D[L´ VRQJSURJUDPOLQHXSZHEVLWHDQGDFRXSOHKRVW
LQJ³3DWKWRD+DSS\+RPH´ SURJUDP6HOOHUV%&
/LJKWRI/LIH:RUOG&KULVWLDQ5DGLR UHOD\LQ0DQGDULQ
DW%URVVHOO:,DWZLWKOHFWXUHE\PDQDQG
ZRPDQPL[LQJ(QJOLVKDQG&KLQHVH%DUWRQ$=
5DGLLR)HGDLQ$UDELFDW%URVVHOO:,
0$/,²579 0DOL %DPDNR ZLWK )UHQFK
WDONV+LOLIHPXVLFVWDWLRQ,'PDQDQGZRPDQZLWKVKRUWPXVLF
VHJPHQWV2IIVXGGHQO\LQPLGVRQJ'¶$QJHOR3$
0<$10$5²0\DQPD5DGLR3KLQ2R/ZLQDW
5DGLR*XDWDSXULLQ9LOODYLFHQFLR&RORPELDZDVRQFHRQH ZLWKPDQDQGZRPDQDOWHUQDWLQJWDONLQJ7D\ORU:,
RIVHYHUDO+-VWDWLRQVZKLFKXVHGWREHRQVKRUWZDYH1RZ 0(;,&2²5DGLR(GXFDFLRQ0H[LFR')LQ6SDQLVK
&RORPELDLVUHGXFHGWRMXVWWZRVRPHWLPHV DWZLWKDORQJVWULQJRIPXVLFJHQUHV%DUWRQ$=
ZLWKPXVLFEULGJHVDQGDWDONDERXW1LFDUDJXD.%'0'3$
1(: =($/$1'²5DGLR 1HZ =HDODQG RQ ILQDQFLDO
DQGIUHTXHQFLHVEXWWKLVZDVWKHRQO\RQH,FRXOGKHDU6HOOHUV SD\PHQWVWRSULVRQHUVVWDWLRQ,'DWDQGLQWRQHZV$PRYH
%&%HQJDOXUXDWERRPLQJLQZLWKZKDWVRXQGHG IURP"6HOOHUV%&
OLNH VXEFRQWLQHQWDO GLVFR PXVLF 3HUU\ ,/ LQ 5XVVLDQ 1,*(5,$²9RLFHRI1LJHULDDWZLWKDUHSRUWRQ
%URVVHOO:, WKH$IULFDQ(FRQRPLF6XPPLWRQIRUFHGVWHULOL]DWLRQDVD
7:5,QGLDYLD$UPHQLD DWLQ+LQGLZLWKZRPDQ¶V YLRODWLRQRIKXPDQULJKWV6HOOHUV%& '¶$QJHOR3$
HFKRHIIHFWVFKHGXOHGWR3HUU\,/ 1257+.25($²9RLFHRI.RUHDLQ0DQGDULQDW
-$3$1²5DGLR -DSDQ YLD $XVWULD DW LQ ZLWKVWULGHQWZRPDQ.XMDQJDWZLWKPDQDQGZRPDQ
(QJOLVKZLWKFODVVLFDOPXVLFDIHDWXUHRQ-DSDQWKHQOLVWHQHU DOWHUQDWLQJWDONLQJDQGIDLUO\ORQJVHOHFWLRQV7D\ORU:,DW
OHWWHUVEHIRUHFORVHGRZQ'¶$QJHOR3$9LD1DXHQ*HUPDQ\ ZLWKD'35.RSHUD.%'0'3$

Young Ladies’ Radio League, Inc.
Since 1939
For 75 years the Young
Ladies’ Radio League, Inc.
(YLRL) has helped women
find their voice in Amateur
Radio with members of all
ages and interests.
The YLRL sponsors a number of certificates for
both YLs and OMs. Members can earn special
YL Certificates.
YL-Harmonics is our bi-monthly publication
highlighting what women are doing in
Amateur Radio.
YLRL gives out scholarships to YLs each year.
For more information on the YLRL, the current
dues amounts, weekly YL Net locations or how
to join please go to our website at www.ylrl.org
or contact the Publicity Chairwoman, Cheryl
Muhr, NØWBV at n0wbv@earthlink.net. All
Officer information is also listed both on the
website and in each edition of the
magazine and you may contact
any Officer as well.
With thanks to the OMs who
encourage and support us.
Visit us at www.ylrl.org
7KHVHODGLHVDUHQRWVHFUHWDULHVDWRSSRVLWLRQEURDGFDVWHU
'HQJH:DODWQRUGRWKH\WDNHFRIIHHRUGHUV7KH\PHUHO\
CQ Reader Needed for GHFRUDWHWKLVH46/UHFHLYHGE\5DOSK3HUU\
Handihams
23326,7,21²5DGLR1GDUDVRQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO YLD(QJODQG
&4 PDJD]LQHKDVDVSHFLDOUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKH+DQGLKDP WR&KDGDWZLWKWDONVLQ.DQXDULDQGLQVWUXPHQWDO
SURJUDPDKLJKO\UHVSHFWHGQRQSURILWZKLFKVLQFHKDV PXVLF'¶$QJHOR3$
SURYLGHGVHUYLFHVIRUKDPRSHUDWRUVZLWKYLVXDODQGRWKHUGLV 0DQDUD5DGLR,QWHUQDWLRQDO YLD)UDQFHWR1LJHULDLQ
DELOLWLHV 7KH +DQGLKDP SURJUDP¶V PHPEHUVRQO\ ZHEVLWH +DXVDDW%URVVHOO:,
KRVWVDXGLRUHFRUGLQJVRI&4 PDJD]LQHLQ'$,6<IRUPDWRQLWV (FKRRI+RSH 6RXWK.RUHDWR1RUWKLQ.RUHDQDW
VHUYHUPDNLQJWKHPDYDLODEOHWR+DQGLKDPSURJUDPPHPEHUV ZLWKZRPDQWDONLQJDWOHQJWKSUREDEO\DWZLWKFRQ
ZLWKVLJKWGLVDELOLWLHV WHPSRUDU\.RUHDQPXVLFZLWKPDOHDQQRXQFHU'35.JULQGMDP
7KH+DQGLKDPSURJUDPKDVH[SDQGHGWKHVFRSHRIGRFX PHU DW ZRPDQ ZLWK PHOORZ .RUHDQ PXVLF VDPH
PHQWVDQGSHULRGLFDOVDYDLODEOHWRLWVPHPEHUVWKHUHIRUHLV ZRPDQZLWKDKDUDQJXH7D\ORU:,
DOZD\VORRNLQJIRUPRUHUHDGHUV,WDOZD\VQHHGV UHDGHUVZKR )XUVDWR1R.D]H 7DLZDQWR1RUWK.RUHDZLWKPDQDQG
DUHNQRZOHGJHDEOHRIKDPUDGLRDVZHOODVWKRVHZLWKDEDFN ZRPDQVSHDNLQJLQ.RUHDQ7D\ORU:,
JURXQG LQ WHDFKLQJ LQ 67(0UHODWHG ILHOGV HVSHFLDOO\ LI \RX 6KLRND]H 6HDEUHH]H -DSDQ WR 1RUWK .RUHD DW
KDYHDOVRZRUNHGZLWKVWXGHQWVUHTXLULQJDFFRPPRGDWLRQV ZLWKPDQJLYLQJ.RUHDQPRQRORJXHXVXDOWKHPHDQG
+DQGLKDPVLVVSHFLILFDOO\ORRNLQJIRUUHDGHUVIRU&4 PDJD VRXQGHIIHFWVDWZLWKZRPDQJLYLQJPRQRORJXH
]LQHDV-LP3HUU\ORQJWLPHUHDGHUIRUWKHSURJUDPZRXOGOLNH %DUWRQ$=
WRUHWLUHIURPWKLVSRVLWLRQ7RPDNHWKHEXUGHQOHVVRQDQ\RQH 1DWLRQDO8QLW\5DGLR YLD7DMLNLVWDQWR1RUWK.RUHD
SHUVRQLWZRXOGEHKHOSIXOLIPXOWLSOHUHDGHUVZHUHDYDLODEOH DW ZLWK PDQ DQG ZRPDQ LQ SRVVLEOH 4 DQG $ IRUPDW
ZKRFRXOGHDFKFRQWULEXWHSDUWRIWKHPDJD]LQHHDFKPRQWK 7D\ORU:,
7KHVH YROXQWHHU SRVLWLRQV UHTXLUH \RX WR XVH \RXU RZQ 1LSSRQ1R.D]H YLD7DLZDQWR1RUWK.RUHDLQ.RUHDQ
HTXLSPHQWWRUHFRUGEXWLW¶VVLPSOH<RXQHHGRQO\DPLFUR DW%URVVHOO:,
SKRQHRUKHDGVHWZKLFKFDQUHFRUGLQWR\RXUFRPSXWHUVRPH 5DGLR 7DPD]X YLD 0DGDJDVFDU WR 6RXWK 6XGDQ LQ
IUHHHGLWLQJVRIWZDUHDQGDTXLHWSODFHWRPDNHWKHUHFRUG 6XGDQHVH$UDELFZLWKDQLQWHUYLHZDW7D\ORU:,
LQJ2IFRXUVHWKH+DQGLKDP3URJUDPZLOOSURYLGHDOOUHDG 5DGLR'HQJH:HODW YLD)UDQFHWR7XUNH\DW
LQJPDWHULDOV ZLWKWDONVLQ.XUGLVK%URVVHOO:,
,I\RXRUVRPHRQH\RXNQRZZRXOGOLNHWRWU\UHFRUGLQJPDWH 3(58²5DGLR7DUPD7DUPDDWZLWKMD]]\LQVWUX
ULDO IRU WKH +DQGLKDP PHPEHUV SOHDVH FRQWDFW /XFLQGD PHQWDOV PDOH DQQRXQFHU EXW LQWHUUXSWHG E\ &2'$5 450
0RRG\+DQGLKDP3URJUDP&RRUGLQDWRUIRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ 7D\ORU:,
RQKRZWRVXEPLWDGHPRUHFRUGLQJ&RQWDFWKHUDWOXFLQ 3+,/,33,1(6²)(%& %RFDXH DW PDQ JLYLQJ
GDPRRG\#DOOLQDFRP!RU PRQRORJXHLQ5XVVLDQDQQRXQFHPHQWDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHKRXU

WKHQDQRWKHUPRQRORJXH%DUWRQ$= :)'5XDWZLWK)'5V3HDUO =HNH¶V$WWLFXDWZLWKYDULRXV
5DGLR/LVDQJ\RX SRVVLEO\RQYLD +DUERU VSHHFK :RUOG :DU ,, QRYHOW\ &KULVWPDV VRQJV '- DW 6679
%RFDXHDW7KLVLVD&KULVWLDQSURJUDP VRQJ=HNH¶V$WWLFDWZLWKELJ )$;&URVE\6LQDWUDPRUH'-:''5
LQ0DQGDULQRULJLQDWLQJLQ+RQJ.RQJDQG EDQG PXVLF DQG RWKHU IRUPV DQG =HNH XDWZLWKFRXQWU\URFN6679
EURDGFDVWRYHU)(%&7D\ORU:, WDONLQJDERXWWKHP0XVLF3RZHU5DGLR )$; *UDWHIXO 'HDG HWF 0L[ 5DGLR
3,5$7(6 ± 5DGLR )UHH :KDWHYHU XDWZLWKFKDRWLFVHOHFWLRQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDOXDWZLWKDOWHU
DWDQG³'LFN:HHG´ ZLWKQRQ RI VRQJ SDUWV VWDWLRQ ,' DW WKHQ QDWLYHURFN+DVVLJ,/
PDLQVWUHDP URFN VRPH VKRXW RXWV WR URFN3HH:HHDWZLWKUHPL[ 520$1,$²5DGLR 5RPDQLD ,QWHU
+)82QHIDNHHPDLOIURP5XVVLD2IIDW HVRIYHU\ROGSRSVRQJVDQ6679DQG QDWLRQDO7LJDQHVWLDW
WKHQEDFNDW3HVN\5DGLR RII 5RELQ +RRG 5DGLR X DW ZRPDQ VSHDNLQJ LQ 6SDQLVK DQG OLJKW
X DW ZLWK D VRQJ DQG 6679V HQGLQJ &KULVWPDV VRQJ SDURGLHV :LOG LQVWUXPHQWDOPXVLFPDQJLYLQJVWDWLRQ,'
EHWZHHQWKHP2IIDW$UJ\OH5DGLR XDWXGDQFHPXVLF,'DW '¶$QJHOR 3$ 7LJDQHVWL LQ
DW ZLWK ,ULVKWKHPHG VRQJV :ROYHULQH5DGLRXDW *HUPDQDWZLWKVWDWLRQ,'DQGWDON
6679V 5DGLR +XPSHUGRR DW ODWHU X ZLWK ROG SURJUHVVLYH URFN 6HOOHUV %& ZLWK IRON WKLQJV WZR
ZLWK 86 1$ DQG URFN :($. 6679)$;HFKRVWDWLRQ,'V7D\ORU:, ZRPHQ VSHDNLQJ LQ 5RPDQLDQ
5DGLR2XWKRXVH5DGLRXZHDN &DSWDLQ0RUJDQ6:DW *DOEHQLDWZLWK,6ZRPDQVSHDNLQJ
DW &ODVVLF 5DGLR 3LUDWH 5DGLR ZHDN DQG IDGLQJ RXW 5DGLR )UHH LQ5RPDQLDQ%DUWRQ$=ZLWKSUH
5HOD\6HUYLFHDWSRRUZLWK :KDWHYHUXDWZLWKDOWHUQDWLYH VXPHGQHZVLQ5RPDQLDQ%URVVHOO:,
PHOORZ PXVLF VWDWLRQ ,' IURP +)8 &KULVWPDV WXQHV 6WLOO JRLQJ DW 6$2 720(²92$ 5HOD\3LQKHLUDV
DWHQGLQJSURJUDPSURPRZLWK
VWDWLRQ ,' DQG LQWR QHZV 7D\ORU :,
ZLWK WDON DERXW WKH HOHFWLRQ
.%'0' 3$ DW ZLWK ROGLH
SRSV PDQ VSHDNLQJ LQ )UHQFK
EHJLQQLQJ +DXVD DQG SRVVLEOH QHZV
6HOOHUV %& DW ZLWK
(QJOLVK SRS PXVLF QLFH FORVHGRZQ VWD
WLRQ,''¶$QJHOR3$
6$8', $5$%,$²%6.6$ LQ
$UDELFDW%URVVHOO:,
6,1*$325(²%%&)DU (DVW 5HOD\
DW ZLWK VRFFHU SOD\ E\ SOD\
YLD0DGDJDVFDU6HOOHUV%&
6287+.25($².%6:RUOG5DGLR
DW LQ ,QGRQHVLDQ PDQ DQG
ZRPDQ DOWHUQDWLQJ WDONLQJ 7D\ORU :,
DW ZLWK WDONV LQ .RUHDQQ
%DUWRQ $= DW LQ .RUHDQ
%URVVHOO:,
63$,1²5(( LQ 6SDQLVK PDQ
&RORUIXO VWDPSV GHFRUDWH WKLV HQYHORSH ZKLFK FRQWDLQHG D 46/ IURP WKH WDONLQJ UDSLGO\ DOPRVW OLNH SOD\E\SOD\
6RORPRQ ,VODQGV %URDGFDVWLQJ &RUS UHFHLYHG E\ %RE %URVVHOO 7KH\¶UH VWLOO EXWLWZDVQ¶W6HOOHUV%&
DFWLYHRQN+] 6:$=,/$1'²7UDQV :RUOG 5DGLR
0DQ]DQLDWLQ1¶'HEHOHZLWK
PDQ DQG PXVLF EULGJH WKHQ PDQ DQG
ZRPDQWDONLQJ7D\ORU:,DW
LQ )UHQFK ZLWK EULHI PXVLF EULGJHV
EHWZHHQVHJPHQWV2IIEHIRUHERWWRPRI
WKHKRXU%DUWRQ$=
7+$,/$1'²5DGLR7KDLODQGDW
HQGLQJ(QJOLVKDQGLQWR0DQGDULQ
%DUWRQ$=,QWURGXFLQJDQRWKHUSURJUDP
DW6HOOHUV%&
785.(<²9RLFH RI 7XUNH\
(PLUOHU DW LQ (QJOLVK ZLWK GDQFH
PXVLF DQG EURDGFDVW VFKHGXOH
.%'0'3$LQ7XUNLVKDW
%URVVHOO:,
81,7(' 67$7(6 ± 92$3KLOLSSLQH
5HOD\DWLQ.KPHUPDQDQG
ZRPDQ ZLWK D VRXQG ELWH 7D\ORU :,
YLD$VFHQVLRQ ZLWKWZRPHQLQGLV
FXVVLRQLQ+DXVD'¶$QJHOR3$
3KLOLSSLQH 5HOD\ LQ 0DQGDULQ DW
%URVVHOO:,
5DGLR $VKQD 92$ YLD
7RSµ2WKH:RUOGVLJQDOVIURP0RQJROLDDUULYHGDW%RE%URVVHOO¶V:LVFRQVLQ47+ :RRIIHUWRQLQ'DULDWZRPDQUHDG
ZLWKD46/FRQILUPLQJKLVUHFHSWLRQRI5DGLR8ODQ%DWRU LQJYDULRXVLWHPV7D\ORU:,

5DGLR/LEHUW\DWLQ7DMLN +DXVDDW%URVVHOO:,YLD :RUOG5DGLR79+DQGERRN :57+
%URVVHOO:, 0DGDJDVFDU DW LQ <RXUED ZLWK KDVWKHPEDVHGLQ&DOLIRUQLDRQHDFFRU
5DGLR)UHH$VLDYLD7DMLNLVWDQ K\PQV ZRPDQ JLYLQJ VWDWLRQ ,' SRVWDO GRQHPRXWK#JPDLOFRP!±*/'
LQ7LEHWDQLQZLWKDQLQWHUYLHZPHQ DGGUHVVDQGVLJQRIIURXWLQH7D\ORU:, :5121HZ2UOHDQVDWZLWK
WLRQLQJ&DPERGLD1RMDPPLQJIURP&15 7UDQV :RUOG 5DGLR YLD *DYDU UHOLJLRXV SURJUDPV VHYHUDO QLFH VWDWLRQ
YLD.XZDLW LQ8\JKXUDQGDSSDUHQW $UPHQLD DW ZLWK PHOORZ 6RXWK ,'V'¶$QJHOR3$
QHZV 6HOOHUV %& 1RUWKHUQ $VLDQ PXVLF DQG ZRPDQ VSHDNLQJ DW 2YHUFRPHU 0LQLVWU\ YLD
0DULDQDV 5HOD\ DW LQ 0DQGDULQ OHQJWK 7D\ORU :, LQ /LQJDOD %XOJDULD DW ZLWK %URWKHU 6WDLU
%URVVHOO:, %URVVHOO:, SUHDFKLQJ7D\ORU:,
5DGLR)DUGDYLD/DPSHUWKHLPLQ $ODPHGD%LEOH)HOORZVKLSYLD 9$7,&$1²9DWLFDQ 5DGLR DW
3HUVLDQDWZLWKDSSDUHQWQHZVZLWK )UDQFH DWZLWKZRPDQVSHDN ZLWKGDLO\ZRUOGQHZVLQ
PXVLFEULGJHV6HOOHUV%& LQJLQ(QJOLVKDQGORQJUHOLJLRXVWDON1R (QJOLVK DW ZLWK DQ $IULFDQ
$GYHQWLVW :RUOG 5DGLR LQ FRQWDFWLQIRIRXQG'¶$QJHOR3$7KH VRQJWKHQSUHDFKLQJRQ-RKQWKH%DSWLVW
6HOOHUV%&DWRSHQLQJZLWK
PDQJLYLQJVWDWLRQ,'LQWRPDQVSHDNLQJ
LQ $PKDULF DQG FKRUDO IOXWH PXVLF
%DUWRQ$=
9,(71$0²9RLFH RI 9LHWQDP
6RQWR\ ZLWK ZRPDQ VSHDNLQJ LQ
0DQGDULQ7D\ORU:,
QSL Quests
:RUOG¶V/DVW&KDQFH5DGLRYLD
:%&4YHULILHGDQHOHFWURQLFUHSRUWZLWK
DORJRDQGWRZHUFDUGRQDIODWHDUWK
ZKLFK LV LQ WXQH ZLWK WKHLU SKLORVRSK\
UHSRUWV'¶$QJHOR
Quien Sabe – (Who Knows)

a LQ6SDQLVKDWZRPDQ
WKHQ PDQ WDONLQJ DW VRPH OHQJWK
ZRPDQ ZLWK FRQWHPSRUDU\ /$ PXVLF
5DGLR&XOWXUDO$PDXWDOLVWHGKHUHEXW
/DVW<HDURXUPHPEHUVZRUNHGWKRXVDQGVRIKRXUVIRU QRWDWWKLVWLPH2QODWHIRUWKHKROLGD\"
7D\ORU
12 3$< Back in the Day

5DGLR &OXEH 0LQGHOR 6DR 9LQFHQWH
&DSH9HUGH,VODQGVDWRQ
$QGWKLV\HDUDUHZHOORQWKHLUZD\WRGRLQJ &KULVWPDV (YH ZLWK LWV 3RUWXJXHVH
(9(1025(
GRPHVWLFVHUYLFH
Just Sayin’
,¶PWU\LQJVRPHWKLQJQHZWKLVPRQWKE\
KLJKOLJKWLQJLQEROGUHOD\VLWHVIURPORFD
:+<" WLRQV RXWVLGH WKH ³KRVW´ FRXQWU\ EXW
%HFDXVHWKH\DUHJLYLQJEDFNWRWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHV7KH\DUH ZKLFK DUH VHSDUDWH FRXQWULHV RQ WKH
1$6:$&RXQWU\/LVW7KLVVKRXOGKHOS
KHOSLQJZLWKFLYLFHYHQWVPRWRULVWDVVLVWDQFH$1' 025( SRLQWRXWWDUJHWVWKDWPLJKWEHSDVVHG
E\RWKHUZLVH
\HVHYHQHPHUJHQFLHVDQGGLVDVWHUVLIQHHGHG
Thanks For Your Reports
%DFN VODSV WRXFKGRZQ VLJQDOV DQG
&217$&7 KLJK ILYHV WR WKHVH JRRG JX\V ZKR
FKHFNHGLQWKLVPRQWK+DUROG6HOOHUV
5($&7 ,17(51$7,21$/ 9HUQRQ%&5DOSK3HUU\:KHDWRQ,/
:LOOLDP +DVVLJ 0W 3OHDVDQW ,/ $UW
'HOLEHUW 1RUWK %HWKHVGD 0' 0DUN
2UZULWHWR 7D\ORU 0DGLVRQ :, 5LFN %DUWRQ (O
5($&7 ,17(51$7,21$/ 0LUDJH $= 5LFK 3DUNHU .%'0'
32%R['HSW&4 3HQQVEXUJ 3$ 5LFK '¶$QJHOR
*OHQGDOH&$ :\RPLVVLQJ 3$ DQG %RE %URVVHOO
3HZDXNHH:,7KDQNVWRHDFKRI\RX
5,+4#5($&7 ,QWORUJ 8QWLOQH[WPRQWK± .HHSRQNHHSLQ¶
RQ $QG &HOHEUDWH6KRUWZDYH

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
BY WALT PALMER,* W4ALT
CQ – Krakatoa: The Sound Heard ‘Round the World’
:
LWKWKHEXVKILUHVLQ$XVWUDOLDWKHHDUWKTXDNHVLQWKH XQLYHUVDO QHZV HYHQW D VWRU\ IROORZHG LQ WKH FDVH RI
&DULEEHDQDQGHVSHFLDOO\WKHHUXSWLRQRIWKH7DDO .UDNDWDX E\ PRUH WKDQ KDOI WKH ZRUOG¶V SRSXODWLRQ´ 7KH
YROFDQRLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVVHHVLGHEDUZHWKRXJKW WHOHJUDPVWKHPVHOYHVDUHVWDUWOLQJDQGGLVSOD\D³WHUVHHOR
LWPLJKWEHLQWHUHVWLQJWRORRNEDFNLQWLPHDWRQHRIWKHILUVW TXHQFH´$WHOHJUDPVHQWIURP%DWDYLDWR6LQJDSRUHRQ
PDMRUQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUVRIWKHDJHRIHOHFWURQLFFRPPXQLFD $XJXVWUHDGV
WLRQV.UDNDWRD
,QGRQHVLD LV D JURXS RI WKRXVDQGV RI VPDOO LVODQGV LQ 1RRQ ²6HUDQJ LQ WRWDO GDUNQHVV DOO PRUQLQJ ² VWRQHV
6RXWKHDVW$VLD7ZRRIWKHODUJHVWLVODQGVLQWKLVDUFKLSHO IDOOLQJ9LOODJHQHDU$QMHUZDVKHGDZD\
DJR DUH 6XPDWUD DQG -DYD 6HSDUDWLQJ WKHP LV WKH EXV\ %DWDYLDQRZDOPRVWTXLWHGDUN²JDVOLJKWVH[WLQJXLVKHG
ZDWHUZD\NQRZQDVWKH6XQGD6WUDLW2QWKHVRXWKHDVWIODQN GXULQJWKHQLJKW²XQDEOHFRPPXQLFDWHZLWK$QMHU²IHDU
RI WKH VWUDLW LV WKH YROFDQLF LVODQG NQRZQ DV .UDNDWRD FDODPLW\WKHUH²VHYHUDOEULGJHVGHVWUR\HGULYHUKDYLQJ
9ROFDQRORJLVWVEHOLHYHWKHYROFDQRURVHIURPWKHRFHDQDQG RYHUIORZHG WKURXJK UXVK VHD LQODQG TWG LQ 6LPNLQ DQG
H[SORGHG LQ $' FRPSOHWHO\ GHVWUR\LQJ WKH YROFDQR )LVNH
LVODQG2YHUWKHQH[W\HDUVUHJXODUYROFDQLFHUXSWLRQV
UHIRUPHG DQG UHEXLOW WKH YROFDQR 2YHU WLPH WKH YROFDQR &DODPLW\ KDG LQGHHG VWUXFN $QMHU DW DSSUR[LPDWHO\
VHDOHGLWVHOIFDXVLQJDKXJHFROOHFWLRQRIJDVHVDQGPDJPD WKDWPRUQLQJDODUJHZDYHKDGLQXQGDWHGWKHFRDVWDOWRZQ
MXVWZDLWLQJWRH[SORGH 6LPNLQDQG)LVNH$IHZUHVLGHQWVVXUYLYHGEHFDXVHWKH\
2Q 0D\ WK D ODUJH WUHPRU ZDV IHOW RQ WKH KDGIOHGDSULRUZDYHDQGKDGUXQWRKLJKHUJURXQG$PRQJVW
.UDNDWRD,VODQGDQGVXUURXQGLQJDUHDV(OHYHQGD\VODWHU WKHPZDV$QMHU¶VUHFHQWO\DSSRLQWHG7HOHJUDSKPDVWHUZKR
YROFDQLFDVKDQGPDJPDEHJDQVSHZLQJIURPWKHULP%\ ZDVODWHUDEOHWRSURYLGHDKDUURZLQJH\HZLWQHVVDFFRXQWRI
0D\WKHYROFDQLFDFWLYLW\DEDWHGDQGFDOPDJDLQFDPH HYHQWV'HVSLWHRUSHUKDSVEHFDXVHRIWKHKRUULI\LQJQDWXUH
RYHUWKHPRXQWDLQ RI WKH HUXSWLRQ VRPH RI WKH WHOHJUDPV IURP %DWDYLD DUH
$XJXVWWKZDVDQRUPDO6XQGD\PRUQLQJDORQJ DOPRVWSRHWLFLQWKHLUFRQGHQVHGHORTXHQFHDQGHYRFDWLYH
WKHFRDVWRI6XPDWUDDQG-DYD%XWDWMXVWDIWHUSPWKH ILJXUDWLYH ODQJXDJH $ WHOHJUDP VHQW DURXQG QRRQ RQ
WKUHHFUDWHUVRIWKH.UDNDWRDYROFDQREHJDQWRYLROHQWO\HUXSW $XJXVWSURFODLPHG³:KHUHRQFH0RXQW.UDNDWDXVWRRGWKH
7RQV RI KRW DVK DQG PDJPD ZHUH VXGGHQO\ UHOHDVHG DQG VHDQRZSOD\V´FRQYH\LQJFDOPHHULHEHDXW\DPLGWKHGHV
EODFNHQHGWKHVNLHV7KHQH[WPRUQLQJWKHILUVWRIWKUHHFDW RODWLRQ
DFO\VPLFH[SORVLRQVURFNHGWKHDUHDDQGOLWHUDOO\WRUHWKHYRO 7KHWHOHJUDSKFRYHUDJHDOVRHQDEOHGDPRUHWKRURXJKVFL
FDQRDSDUWZLWKWKHSRZHURIDWRPLFERPEV7KHIRUFH HQWLILFLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIWKHHUXSWLRQ¶VJOREDOHIIHFWVDV7RP
RIWKHH[SORVLRQJHQHUDWHGDZDYHRIJLDQWWVXQDPLVVRPH 6LPNLQDQG5LFKDUG6)LVNHVWUHVVLQWKHLUPDJLVWHULDOFHQ
EHOLHYHGWREHWKHODUJHVWHYHUZLWQHVVHGZLWKZDYHVRYHU WHQQLDOUHYLHZRI.UDNDWRD
IHHWKLJK
2Q$XJXVWWKDVHFRQGH[SORVLRQURFNHGWKHDUHD*LDQW 7HOHJUDPV EHDULQJ QHZV RI WKH .UDNDWDX HUXSWLRQ VSUHDG
IORZVRIPDJPDUROOHGGRZQWKHYROFDQRDQGVXEPDULQHGLQWR TXLFNO\DQGDFFRXQWVVRRQDSSHDUHGLQQHZVSDSHUVDURXQG
WKHRFHDQFDXVLQJDQRWKHUUXVKRIJLDQWWVXQDPLV WKHZRUOG0XFKRIWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKH.UDNDWDXHUXS
,QWKH6XQGD6WUDLWVODUJHZDYHVFUHVWHGLQWKHRFHDQ7KH WLRQVWHPVIURPWKHIDFWWKDWLWVQHZVWUDYHOHGVRIDVWEHFDXVH
FORVHVWVKLSWRWKHHUXSWLRQZDVWKH*RYHUQRU*HQHUDO/XGRQ WKH HUXSWLRQ¶V HIIHFWV DOVR WUDYHOHG IDU EH\RQG WKH 6XQGD
DWRXULVWYHVVHOWKDWZDVMXVWPLOHVDZD\DQGZDVDEOHWR 6WUDLWVDQGREVHUYDWLRQVPDGHDJUHDWGLVWDQFHIURPWKHYRO
PDQHXYHU WR EUHDFK WKH FUHVWLQJ JLDQW ZDYHV 7KH RFHDQ FDQRFRXOGEHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHHUXSWLRQ
VWULSSHGWKHVDQGIURPDOOWKHVXUURXQGLQJEHDFKHVDQGWKH 7KHODWHVWKURXJKWRWKHVVDZWKHGLVFRYHU\DQG
ORFDOVWKRXJKWLWZDVWKHHQGRIWKHZRUOG%XWVHYHUDOKRXUV WKHQGHYHORSPHQWRIDQHZO\XQGHUVWRRGSKHQRPHQRQLQWR
ODWHUDWKLUGHUXSWLRQFDXVHG.UDNDWRDWRH[SORGHVRYLROHQWO\ DIRUPRIZLUHOHVVWHOHJUDSK\FDOOHG+HUW]LDQZDYHZLUHOHVV
WKHVRXQGFRXOGEHKHDUGRYHUWK RIWKHHDUWK¶VVXUIDFH WHOHJUDSK\ UDGLRWHOHJUDSK\ RU ODWHU VLPSO\ ³UDGLR´
7KHVKRFNZDYHWUDYHOHGPLOHVVRXWKWR3HUWK$XVWUDOLD %HWZHHQDQG+HLQULFK5XGROI+HUW]SXEOLVKHG
DQGPLOHVZHVWWR5RGULJXH],VODQGLQWKH,QGLDQ2FHDQ WKHUHVXOWVRIKLVH[SHULPHQWVZKHUHKHZDVDEOHWRWUDQVPLW
,W UHPDLQV WKH ORQJHVWWUDYHOHG GLVWDQFH IRU DQ\ DLUERUQH HOHFWURPDJQHWLFZDYHVUDGLRZDYHVWKURXJKWKHDLUSURY
VRXQGLQUHFRUGHGKLVWRU\$WOHDVWGHDWKVZHUHDWWULE LQJ-DPHV&OHUN0D[ZHOO¶VWKHRU\RIHOHFWURPDJQHWLF
XWHGWRWKH.UDNDWRDHUXSWLRQ2YHUFXELFPLOHVRI UDGLDWLRQ0DQ\VFLHQWLVWVDQGLQYHQWRUVH[SHULPHQWHGZLWK
GHEULVDVKDQGGXVWZHUHVSHZHGLQWRWKHDLUFDXVLQJJORE WKLVQHZSKHQRPHQRQEXWWKHJHQHUDOFRQVHQVXVZDVWKDW
DOFOLPDWHFKDQJHV WKHVHQHZZDYHVVLPLODUWROLJKWZRXOGEHMXVWDVVKRUWUDQJH
$WWHQWLRQ IURP VFLHQWLVWV DQG OD\PHQ DURXQG WKH JOREH DVOLJKWDQGWKHUHIRUHXVHOHVVIRUORQJUDQJHFRPPXQLFD
EHJDQZLWKLQKRXUVRIWKHHUXSWLRQEHFDXVHQHZVRILWWUDY WLRQ2Q0D\0DUFRQLDVVLVWHGE\*HRUJH.HPS
HOHGUDSLGO\YLDWKHZRUOGZLGHQHWZRUNRIWHOHJUDSKOLQHV³7KH D&DUGLII3RVW2IILFHHQJLQHHUWUDQVPLWWHGWKHILUVWZLUHOHVV
LQVWDQWDQHLW\>VLF@RIWKHWHOHJUDSKUHSRUWV´5LFKDUG+DPEO\Q VLJQDOVRYHUZDWHUWR/DYHUQRFNQHDU3HQDUWKLQ:DOHVIURP
DUJXHV ³FUHDWH>HG@DQHQWLUHO\QHZFDWHJRU\RIGLVDVWHUWKH )ODW+ROP7KHPHVVDJHVHQWZDV³$5(<285($'<´)URP
KLV)UDVHUEXUJKEDVHKHWUDQVPLWWHGWKHILUVWORQJGLVWDQFH
FURVVFRXQWU\ZLUHOHVVVLJQDOWR3ROGKXLQ&RUQZDOO+LVVWDU
HPDLOZDOW#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! ULVLQJ KH ZDV VRRQ VHQGLQJ VLJQDOV DFURVV 7KH (QJOLVK

&KDQQHO IURP VKRUH WR VKLS
DQG ILQDOO\ DFURVV WKH $WODQWLF
$ VWXG\ RI WKHVH GHPRQVWUD
Ham Radio Activation in Philippines
WLRQV RI UDGLR ZLWK VFLHQWLVWV WU\LQJ WR
ZRUNRXWKRZDSKHQRPHQRQSUHGLFWHG
for Taal Volcano Eruption
WR KDYH D VKRUW UDQJH FRXOG WUDQVPLW BY THELMA C. PASCUA, DU1IVT
³RYHUWKHKRUL]RQÓHGWRWKHGLVFRYHU\
RIDUDGLRUHIOHFWLQJOD\HULQWKH(DUWK¶V ZLWKWKH3KLOLSSLQH$PDWHXU5DGLR$VVRFLDWLRQ+(521HWZRUN
DWPRVSKHUH LQ ODWHU FDOOHG WKH
LRQRVSKHUH $WDSSUR[LPDWHO\SP-DQXDU\+(52+DP(PHUJHQF\5DGLR
2SHUDWLRQV ZDV DFWLYDWHG E\ (GGLH 9DOGH] '8(9 DQG -RMR 9LFHQFLR
5DGLRWHOHJUDSK\ SURYHG HIIHFWLYH IRU '89+<WRPHHWWKHHPHUJLQJVLWXDWLRQRYHUWKHHUXSWLRQRIWKH7DDO9ROFDQR
UHVFXHZRUNLQVHDGLVDVWHUVE\HQDEOLQJ $WWKHWLPHRIDFWLYDWLRQWKHUHZDVQRLQWHUUXSWLRQRIFHOOXODUVHUYLFHVDQGHOHF
HIIHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQVKLSV WULFLW\ZDVDYDLODEOHKHQFH+(52DFWLYDWLRQZDVPDLQO\DSUHSDUDWRU\PHD
DQGIURPVKLSWRVKRUH,Q0DUFRQL VXUHWRHQVXUHWKDW+(52RSHUDWRUVZHUHRQKDQGVKRXOGWKHVLWXDWLRQGHWHUL
EHJDQ WKH ILUVW FRPPHUFLDO VHUYLFH WR RUDWH$QGWKHVLWXDWLRQLQGHHGZRUVHQHGZKHQFRPPHUFLDOHOHFWULFLW\ZDVFXW
WUDQVPLW QLJKWO\ QHZV VXPPDULHV WR LQSRUWLRQVRIVXUURXQGLQJDUHDVRI7DJD\WD\%DWDQJDVDQGVPDOOSRUWLRQVRI
VXEVFULELQJVKLSVZKLFKFRXOGLQFRUSR &DYLWHDQG/DJXQDDOO'8
UDWH WKHP LQWR WKHLU RQERDUG QHZVSD 7KH SUR[LPLW\ RI WKH 7DDO 9ROFDQR WR 0HWUR 0DQLOD DQG WKH VXUURXQGLQJ
SHUV$UHJXODUWUDQVDWODQWLFUDGLRWHOH SURYLQFHVRI&DYLWH/DJXQDDQG%DWDQJDVPHDQWWKDW9+)FRPPXQLFDWLRQV
JUDSKVHUYLFHZDVILQDOO\EHJXQRQ LV IHDVLEOH KHQFH WKH 3$5$ FDOOLQJ IUHTXHQF\ )0 ZDV XWLOL]HG DQG
2FWREHU1RWDEO\0DUFRQL¶VDSSD PDQQHGE\-RML'8-5DQGODWHURQE\/DZUHQFH)69<7KH3$5$DIILOL
UDWXV ZDV XVHG WR KHOS UHVFXH HIIRUWV
DIWHUWKHVLQNLQJRI7LWDQLF%ULWDLQ¶VSRVW
PDVWHUJHQHUDOVXPPHGXSUHIHUULQJWR
WKH 7LWDQLF GLVDVWHU ³7KRVH ZKR KDYH
EHHQVDYHGKDYHEHHQVDYHGWKURXJK
RQHPDQ0U0DUFRQLDQGKLVPDU
YHOORXVLQYHQWLRQ´
International Morse Code

0RUVH FRGH KDV QRZ EHHQ LQ XVH IRU
PRUHWKDQ\HDUV²ORQJHUWKDQDQ\
RWKHUHOHFWULFDOFRGLQJV\VWHP:KDWLV
FDOOHG 0RUVH FRGH WRGD\ LV DFWXDOO\
VRPHZKDWGLIIHUHQWIURPZKDWZDVRULJ
LQDOO\GHYHORSHGE\6DPXHO0RUVHDQG
KLV DVVLVWDQW $OIUHG 9DLO 7KH PRGHUQ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO0RUVHFRGHRUFRQWLQHQWDO
FRGHZDVFUHDWHGE\)ULHGULFK&OHPHQV
*HUNHLQDQGLQLWLDOO\XVHGIRUWHOHJ
UDSK\EHWZHHQ+DPEXUJDQG&X[KDYHQ
LQ*HUPDQ\*HUNHFKDQJHGQHDUO\KDOI
RIWKHDOSKDEHWDQGDOORIWKHQXPHUDOV
SURYLGLQJWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUWKHPRGHUQ
IRUP RI WKH FRGH $IWHU VRPH PLQRU
FKDQJHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO0RUVH&RGHZDV
VWDQGDUGL]HGDWWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO7HOH
JUDSK\&RQJUHVVLQLQ3DULVDQG
ZDV ODWHU PDGH WKH VWDQGDUG E\ WKH
,QWHUQDWLRQDO7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ8QLRQ
,78 0RUVH¶V RULJLQDO FRGH VSHFLILFD
WLRQODUJHO\OLPLWHGWRXVHLQWKH8QLWHG
6WDWHVDQG&DQDGDEHFDPHNQRZQDV
$PHULFDQ0RUVHFRGHRUUDLOURDGFRGH
$PHULFDQ 0RUVH FRGH LV QRZ VHOGRP
XVHGH[FHSWLQKLVWRULFDOUHHQDFWPHQWV
Amateur Radio
,QWHUQDWLRQDO0RUVHFRGHWRGD\LVPRVW
SRSXODU DPRQJ DPDWHXU UDGLR RSHUD
WRUVLQWKHPRGHFRPPRQO\UHIHUUHGWR
DV ³FRQWLQXRXV ZDYH´ RU ³&:´ 7KLV 0DSRIWKH3KLOLSSLQHVZLWKFLUFOHVKRZLQJWKHDSSUR[LPDWHORFDWLRQRIWKH7DDO
QDPHZDVFKRVHQWRGLVWLQJXLVK&:¶V YROFDQR0DSVFRXUWHV\RI3KLOLSSLQH$PDWHXU5DGLR$VVRFLDWLRQ
FRQWLQXRXV DPSOLWXGH ZDYHV IURP WKH

GDPSHG ZDYH HPLVVLRQV IURP VSDUN
DWH&DYLWH$FHFDOOVLJQ';$&(DOVRDFWLYDWHGLWVRZQORFDO+(52QHWZRUN WUDQVPLWWHUVQRWEHFDXVHWKHWUDQVPLV
VKDULQJDQRQOLQHVWUHDPLQJE\%LOO\,$)72WKHU3$5$DIILOLDWHVDOVRWRRNWR VLRQLVFRQWLQXRXV2WKHUNH\LQJPHWK
WKHDLUDQGPRQLWRUHGWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHDUHDV3$5$DIILOLDWH6&$1,DFFRPSD RGV DUH DYDLODEOH LQ UDGLR WHOHJUDSK\
QLHGUHOLHIHIIRUWVLQWKH7DOLVD\$JRQFLOOR%DWDQJDVDUHDVODXQFKLQJDFDUDYDQ VXFKDVIUHTXHQF\VKLIWNH\LQJ
RQ6XQGD\HYHQLQJ (DUO\ DPDWHXU UDGLR RSHUDWRUV XVHG
2QWKHUHJLRQDOOHYHO,$585HJLRQ'LVDVWHU&RPPLWWHH&KDLUPDQ'DQL+DOLP 0RUVH FRGH H[FOXVLYHO\ VLQFH YRLFH
<%7-9KDVLVVXHGSUHFDXWLRQDU\QRWLFHVWRDOOPHPEHUDVVRFLDWLRQVDQGVRFLDO FDSDEOH UDGLR WUDQVPLWWHUV GLG QRW EH
PHGLDRXWOHWVWKDWWKH3KLOLSSLQHVLVXVLQJ0+]RUPD\KDYHWRXWLOL]HWKH FRPHFRPPRQO\DYDLODEOHXQWLODURXQG
UHJLRQDO&HQWHURI$FWLYLW\&2$DW/6%VKRXOGWKHQHHGDULVH 8QWLO WKH ,78 PDQGDWHG
$VQLJKWIDOOFDPHRQ6XQGD\LWZDVHYLGHQWWKDWDVKIDOOZDVDIIHFWLQJVRPHSDUWV 0RUVH FRGH SURILFLHQF\ DV SDUW RI WKH
RI0HWUR0DQLODUHDFKLQJHYHQWKHQRUWKHUQ4XH]RQ&LW\DQGHDVWHUQ0DULNLQDDV DPDWHXU UDGLR OLFHQVLQJ SURFHGXUH
SHUUHSRUWVIURPPHPEHUVRQ0+]5HSRUWVLQWKH+(529+)QHWLQGL ZRUOGZLGH+RZHYHUWKH:RUOG5DGLR
FDWHGWKDWPRVWVRXWKHUQ0HWUR0DQLODFLWLHVZHUHEDGO\DIIHFWHGE\DVKIDOO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH RI
$IILOLDWHFOXE&DYLWH$&(KDVVLJQLILHGWRODXQFKLWVRZQUHOLHIHIIRUWWRDOOHYLDWH PDGHWKH0RUVHFRGHUHTXLUHPHQWIRU
WKHFRQGLWLRQVRIWDUJHWHGHYDFXHHVLQWKH%DWDQJDVDUHDHYDFXDWLRQVFHQWHUV DPDWHXUUDGLROLFHQVLQJRSWLRQDO0DQ\
DQGZHUHVODWHGWRVHWRXW-DQXDU\WK DQGWK FRXQWULHV VXEVHTXHQWO\ UHPRYHG WKH
$VWKHYDULRXVHIIRUWVRIWKHGLIIHUHQWFOXEVDUHVWLOORQJRLQJDIXOOUHSRUWRIWKRVH 0RUVH UHTXLUHPHQW IURP WKHLU OLFHQVH
DFWLRQVZLOOQRWEHDYDLODEOHXQWLOWKH\KDYHEHHQODUJHO\FRPSOHWHG$IILOLDWHFOXEV UHTXLUHPHQWV
KDYHEHHQUHPLQGHGDVDOZD\VWRSURSHUO\GRFXPHQWWKHLUDFWLRQVDQGHIIRUWVVR :KLOH YRLFH DQG GDWD WUDQVPLVVLRQV
WKDW D FRPSUHKHQVLYH UHSRUW PD\ EH PDGH DYDLODEOH WR WKH 1DWLRQDO 7HOH DUH OLPLWHG WR VSHFLILF DPDWHXU UDGLR
FRPPXQLFDWLRQV&RPPLVVLRQ17&DVWKH3$5$VHUYHGDJHQF\LIQHFHVVDU\ EDQGVXQGHU86UXOHV0RUVHFRGHLV
6KRXOGWKHUHEHDQHHGWRLVVXHXSGDWHVRUEXOOHWLQVWRKLJKOLJKWQHZGHYHORS SHUPLWWHGRQDOODPDWHXUEDQGV²/)
PHQWV3$5$ZLOOVHQGWKHPRXWDVVRRQDVSUDFWLFDEOH3$5$FRQWLQXHVWRPRQ 0)+)9+)DQG8+),QVRPHFRXQ
LWRUWKHPHWHU0+]IUHTXHQF\DQGFRQWLQXHVLWVGDLO\QHWRQ0+] WULHV FHUWDLQ SRUWLRQV RI WKH DPDWHXU
8SGDWH1RDVKIDOOLQ0HWUR0DQLODVLQFHPRUQLQJRI-DQXDU\GXHWR UDGLREDQGVDUHUHVHUYHGIRUWUDQVPLV
FKDQJHLQZLQGGLUHFWLRQ VLRQRI0RUVHFRGHVLJQDOVRQO\
± -DQXDU\ 7KHUHODWLYHO\OLPLWHGVSHHGDWZKLFK
0RUVHFRGHFDQEHVHQWOHGWRWKHGHYHO
7Q[WR'DQL+LGD\DW<%7-9,$585HJLRQ(PHUJHQF\&RRUGLQDWRUIRUIRU RSPHQW RI DQ H[WHQVLYH QXPEHU RI
ZDUGLQJWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQ DEEUHYLDWLRQVWRVSHHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7KHVHLQFOXGHSURVLJQV4FRGHVDQG
DVHWRI0RUVHFRGHDEEUHYLDWLRQVIRU
W\SLFDO PHVVDJH FRPSRQHQWV )RU
H[DPSOH&4LVDJHQHUDOFDOOORRNLQJ
IRUDFRQWDFW20ROGPDQ</\RXQJ
ODG\DQG;</³H[</´±ZLIHDUHFRP
PRQDEEUHYLDWLRQV</RU20LVXVHG
E\ DQ RSHUDWRU ZKHQ UHIHUULQJ WR WKH
RWKHURSHUDWRU;</RU20LVXVHGE\
DQRSHUDWRUZKHQUHIHUULQJWRKLVRUKHU
VSRXVH47+LV³ORFDWLRQ´³0\47+´LV
³0\ORFDWLRQ´7KHXVHRIDEEUHYLDWLRQV
IRUFRPPRQWHUPVSHUPLWVFRQYHUVDWLRQ
HYHQZKHQWKHRSHUDWRUVVSHDNGLIIHU
HQWODQJXDJHV
)URP.UDNDWRDWR7DDO0RUVHFRGH
KDVEHHQDQHVVHQWLDOWRROLQWKHGLV
VHPLQDWLRQ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP DUHDV
RWKHUZLVHFXWRIIIURPQRUPDOFRPPX
QLFDWLRQ:KLOHLWLVQRORQJHUUHTXLUHG
IRU JDLQLQJ D KDP OLFHQVH LQ PRVW
FRXQWULHVLWLVDKLJKO\UHFRPPHQGHG
SDUWRIDQHPHUJHQF\FRPPXQLFDWRU¶V
WRRONLWVLQFHLWUHTXLUHVRQO\WKHVLP
SOHVWJHDUFDQJHWWKURXJKZKHQYRLFH
WUDQVPLVVLRQV FDQ¶W DQG FDQ EH VHQW
DQG UHFHLYHG ZLWKRXW WKH QHHG IRU D
FRPSXWHU
1RWH6RXUFH
6LPNLQ 7RP DQG 5LFKDUG 6 )LVNH
.UDNDWDX7KH9ROFDQLF(UXSWLRQDQG,WV
(IIHFWV:DVKLQJWRQ6PLWKVRQLDQ,QVWLWXWLRQ3
'HWDLOHGPDSVKRZLQJWKHKD]DUG]RQHVVXUURXQGLQJWKH7DDOYROFDQR
3ULQW

KIT-BUILDING
BY JOE EISENBERG,* KØNEB
Don’t Be Late For FT8
453*X\V'6%'LJLWDO7UDQVFHLYHUNLWZLWKSDUWVVRUWHGDQGUHDG\IRUDVVHPEO\
:
KR ZRXOG KDYH WKRXJKW EDFN LQ EHORZWKHUHFHLYHUQRLVHIORRU)7ZDVD 453*X\VFRPVSHFLDOL]HVLQYHU\VLPSOH
WKDW D QHZ GLJLWDO PRGH QDWXUDOILWIRU9+)FRQWHVWVDVZHOODVIRU DQGDIIRUGDEOHNLWVDQGWKHLUQHZ'6%GLJ
ZRXOG FDSWLYDWH WKH ZRUOG RI PDNLQJ';PRUHDFFHVVLEOHIRUKDPVZLWK LWDOWUDQVFHLYHUNLWLVQRH[FHSWLRQ
DPDWHXUUDGLRLQVXFKDZD\DVWRUHYROX VPDOOHUVWDWLRQV,VWDUWHGXVLQJWKHPRGH
WLRQL]HWKHZD\ZHZRUN';":KHQ)7 VKRUWO\DIWHUKHDULQJDERXWLWVVXFFHVVRQ QRPGuys DSB Digital Transceiver
ZDVILUVWUHOHDVHGRQO\DIHZVKRUWGD\V 9+)DVZHOODV+) )RUMXVW7KH453*X\V'6%'LJLWDO
EHIRUH WKH &4 :RUOG :LGH 9+) 7KH DELOLW\ RI )7 WR IDFLOLWDWH 462V 7UDQVFHLYHU NLW FRPHV FRPSOHWH ZLWK
&RQWHVWQRERG\KDGDQ\LGHDKRZPDQ\ GHVSLWHYHU\ZHDNVLJQDOVEURXJKWXSWKH WKUHHLQWHUFKDQJHDEOHEDQGPRGXOHVWKDW
&4::9+)FRQWDFWVZRXOGEHPDGHZLWK TXHVWLRQ RI KRZ ORQJ LW ZRXOG EH XQWLO DOORZIRURSHUDWLRQRQRUPHWHUV
)7HVSHFLDOO\RQWKHPHWHUEDQG:LWK NLWV ZRXOG EH DYDLODEOH IRU WUDQVFHLYHUV 7KH EDQG PRGXOHV HDFK FRPH ZLWK WKH
LWVDELOLW\WRFRS\VLJQDOVDVORZDVGE ZLWK )7 FDSDELOLW\ 7KLV YRLG KDV EHHQ FU\VWDOQHHGHGIRUWKHUHFRJQL]HG)7IUH
ILOOHG E\ DW OHDVW WZR QHZ NLWV WKDW DUH TXHQF\LQHDFKEDQG
GHGLFDWHG VSHFLILFDOO\ WR RSHUDWLQJ )7 7KH5)SRZHURXWSXWYDULHVGHSHQGLQJ
<RVHPLWH'ULYH/LQFROQ1( 7KHILUVWZKLFK,¶PUHYLHZLQJWKLVPRQWK RQZKLFKEDQGLVVHOHFWHG7KHPHWHU
HPDLONQHE#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! FRPHVIURPWKHSHRSOHDW453*X\VFRP EDQG PRGXOH SXWV RXW ZDWWV ZKLOH WKH
PHWHUEDQGLVZDWWVDQGPHWHUV
LVUDWHGIRUZDWWRI5)RXWSXW7KHPDLQ
ERDUG FRPSRQHQWV DUH DOO WKH VDPH
UHJDUGOHVVRIWKHEDQGPRGXOH\RXZLVKWR
XVH$OOWKHEDQGVSHFLILFFRPSRQHQWVDUH
RQHDFKSOXJJDEOHEDQGPRGXOH7KHUHDUH
WZRELILODUWRURLGVWKDWQHHGWREHZRXQGRQ
WKH PDLQ ERDUG EXW WKHVH DUH UHODWLYHO\
VLPSOHDQGHDV\WRZLQGIROORZLQJWKHYHU\
H[SOLFLWGLUHFWLRQV7KHNLWLQFOXGHVERWKUHG
DQGJUHHQZLUHWRPDNHZLQGLQJDQGOHDG
LGHQWLILFDWLRQRQWKHVHWRURLGVHDVLHU7KH
3&ERDUGVVXSSOLHGDUHDJRRGTXDOLW\DV
WKH\DUHGRXEOHVLGHGDQGPDUNHGZHOODQG
VROGHUIORZVHDVLO\
Assembly Tips
,QWKHDVVHPEO\SURFHGXUHVWKHUHLVWKH
7KHWZRSDUWVRIWKH'SULQWHGFDVHUHDG\IRUDVVHPEO\ QHHGWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHSLQFRQQHFWRUVDUH

7KHILQLVKHG'6%'LJLWDO7UDQVFHLYHUNLWLQWKH'SULQWHGFDVH
DQGODEHOHG
WKH FDSDFLWRUV DQG WKHQ WKH RWKHU SDUWV WKDW PDNH XS WKH PDLQ
ERDUG7KHPDLQERDUGDVVHPEO\LVIROORZHGE\WKHEDQGPRGXOHV
ZKLFKHDFKKROGWKHFU\VWDODQGWZRWRURLGVDVZHOODVWKHRWKHU
7KH ILQLVKHG PDLQ ERDUG LV UHDG\ IRU WKH EDQG PRGXOH WR EH
EDQGVSHFLILFSDUWV,WLVEHVWWRWHVWWKHNLWZLWKDJRRGGXPP\
LQVHUWHG
ORDGVR\RXGRQRWULVNGDPDJLQJWKHRXWSXWWUDQVLVWRUV2QFHLW
KDV EHHQ WHVWHG FRQQHFWLQJ WR D JRRG DQWHQQD ZLOO UHYHDO WKH
VRXQGVRI)7<RXFDQXVHDKHDGVHWSOXJJHGLQWRWKHDXGLRRXW
SXWWRKHDUZKDWWKHWUDQVFHLYHULVKHDULQJWREHVXUH\RXDUHKHDU
LQJWKHGHVLUHG)7VLJQDOV
7KLVNLWLVGHVLJQHGWRXVHWZRFRPSXWHUDXGLRFDEOHVWRFRQ
QHFWWKHWUDQVFHLYHUWR\RXUFRPSXWHU,XVHGWZRVXUSOXVFRP
SXWHUDXGLRFDEOHVZKLFKZRUNHGJUHDW%HVXUH\RXUFRPSXWHU
KDVVHSDUDWHDXGLRMDFNVIRULQSXWDQGRXWSXW,GLVFRYHUHGWKDW
P\QHZHUODSWRSKDVDFRPELQDWLRQDXGLRMDFNWKDWUHTXLUHVDQ
DGDSWHUWREUHDNRXWWKHDXGLRLQSXWDQGRXWSXWVHSDUDWHO\7KH
75VZLWFKLQJFRPHVIURPWKHXVHRI92;WRWULJJHUWKH377LQ
7KH ILQLVKHG PHWHU EDQG PRGXOH 7KH EDQG PRGXOHV WKHNLW:KHQWKHWUDQVFHLYHUVHHVWKHGDWDVLJQDOLQSXWDXGLRLW
FRQWDLQWKHFU\VWDODQGWKHEDQGVSHFLILFSDUWV WULJJHUVWKH75UHOD\LQWKHFHQWHURIWKHPDLQERDUGWRFKDQJH
IURPUHFHLYHWRWUDQVPLW<RXZLOOEHDPD]HGDWWKHQXPEHURI
LQVWDOOHGVRWKH\DUHH[DFWO\VWUDLJKWXSULJKWERWKRQWKHPDLQ VWDWLRQV\RXFDQZRUNXVLQJ453SRZHUOHYHOVRQ)7
ERDUGDQGWKHEDQGPRGXOHV,IWKH\DUHDOOQRWVWUDLJKWWKH $IWHUDVVHPEOLQJDQGWHVWLQJWKHNLW,SULQWHGDFDVHXVLQJ
EDQGPRGXOHVZLOOQRWSOXJLQFRUUHFWO\,IRXQGWKDWE\VROGHU P\'SULQWHUZLWKWKHILOHVSURYLGHGRQWKHNLW¶VZHEVLWH8VLQJ
LQJ MXVW RQH SLQ , FRXOG UHKHDW LW ZKLOH XVLQJ D ILQJHU 127 ZKLWH3/$ILODPHQW,PDGHDFRPSOHWHFDVHZKLFKILWZHOO,
WRXFKLQJWKHPHWDOSLQVWRKROGWKHSLQVVWUDLJKWDQGIOXVK XVHGD%URWKHU37RXFKODEHOPDNHUWRSULQWWKHODEHOVIRUWKH
7KHQ,VROGHUHGWKHUHVWRIWKHSLQV7KHILQDORXWSXWDPSOLILHU LQSXWVDQGRXWSXWV
VWDJHLVFUHDWHGE\XVLQJWKUHHSDUDOOHO026)(7VODLGIODWWR ,ZRXOGHVWLPDWHWKHEXLOGLQJWLPHWREHDERXWIRXUKRXUVIRU
WKHERDUG8VLQJKHDWVLQNJUHDVHDVZHOODVRQHRIDFRXSOH WKLVNLWQRWLQFOXGLQJFDVHDVVHPEO\LIDFDVHLVPDGHZLWK3&
RIPHWKRGVJLYHQWRKROGWKRVH026)(7VIODWWRWKHKHDWVLQN PDWHULDO RU ' SULQWHG 2UGHULQJ WKH NLW LV GRQH RQ WKH
DUHDRIWKHERDUGHQVXUHVWKH\GRQRWRYHUKHDWGXULQJWKH 453JX\VFRPZHEVLWHDQGFDQEHSDLGIRUE\3D\3DO%HVXUH
VHFRQGWUDQVPLVVLRQSHULRG,IRXQGWKHVDPHKHDWVLQNJUHDVH WRQRWHZKHQ\RXRUGHUWKHNLWDVWKH\GRQRWVKLSHYHU\GD\DQG
XVHGIRUHLWKHUSRZHUWUDQVLVWRUVRU3&&38VZRUNVDGHTXDWHO\ KDYHSHULRGVVXUURXQGLQJPDMRUKDPIHVWVZKHQWKH\GRQRWVKLS
IRUWKLVSXUSRVH IRUDIHZGD\V
7KHNLWFDQEHSODFHGRQDWDEOHXVLQJWKHVWLFN\UXEEHUIHHW
SURYLGHGRQWKHERWWRPRIWKHERDUGRULWFDQEHPRXQWHGLQD On the Road Again…
FDVH7KHUHLVDFDVHILOHIRU'SULQWHUVDYDLODEOHRQWKHNLW¶V 7KLVPRQWK,¶OOEHSUHVHQWLQJDWWKH/LQFROQ+DPIHVWULJKWKHUH
ZHEVLWHDORQJZLWKWKHDVVHPEO\PDQXDODYDLODEOHIRUGRZQORDG LQ1HEUDVNDRQ0DUFKWK DVZHOODVVSHDNLQJLQ$SULODWWKH
7KHUXEEHUIHHWFDQDOVREHXVHGRQWKH'SULQWHGFDVH,WLV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO';&RQYHQWLRQLQ9LVDOLD&DOLIRUQLD$VDOZD\V,
DOZD\VDJRRGLGHDWRGRZQORDGDQGSULQWRXWWKHPDQXDOSUHIHU ZLOO DOVR EH KHOSLQJ WKH ELJ JURXS NLWEXLOG DW 2]DUNFRQ LQ
DEO\LQFRORUWRVHHLIWKHNLWPDWFKHV\RXUDELOLW\WRDVVHPEOH %UDQVRQ0LVVRXULSXWRQE\WKH)RXU6WDWH453*URXSRQ$SULO
LW,RIWHQORRNDWWKHPDQXDOVLQDGYDQFHWRVHHZKDWWKLQJV, UG DQGWK7KH)RXU6WDWH453JURXSDOZD\VGHEXWVDQHZNLW
PLJKWQHHGWRDVVHPEOHDNLWWKDW,PLJKWQRWDOZD\VKDYHRQ IRUWKHNLWEXLOGDVZHOODVRWKHUQHZNLWVDVZHOO&RPHWR%UDQVRQ
KDQG,QWKLVFDVHLWZDVKHDWVLQNJUHDVHDQGDSDSHUFOLS DQGHQMR\DJUHDWJURXSNLWEXLOGLQJH[SHULHQFH2]DUNFRQLVRQ
$VVHPEO\RIWKLVNLWLVQRWGRQHVWDJHE\VWDJH,WIROORZVFRP WKHZHEDWZZZR]DUNFRQFRP!
SRQHQWW\SHVZLWKDOOWKHUHVLVWRUVEHLQJLQVWDOOHGILUVWIROORZHGE\ ±8QWLOQH[WWLPHGH.1(%

%(676(59,&(%(67:$55$17< %(679$/8( 1221(%($76 /'* CONTACT YOUR FAVORITE DEALER TODAY!
:,5($17(11$6 IRU
%$/816 81816
1RWVXUHZKLFKZLUHDQWHQQDLVULJKWIRU\RXU/'* %DOXQRU8QXQ"
&KHFN RXW WKLV KDQG\ FKDUW RI SRSXODU ZLUH DQWHQQDV -XVW DGG DQ
/'*WXQHULQ\RXUVKDFNZLWKDQ\RIWKHVHDQWHQQDVDQGZRUNPRVWO\
PHWHUV ZLWK JRRG UHVXOWV 9LVLW ZZZOGJHOHFWURQLFVFRP WR
OHDUQPRUHDQGVHHRXUIXOOOLQHRI$PDWHXUDFFHVVRULHV
HD :DWWV 3(3
0+]

5%$
5%$

58 58

&RD[

&RD[
58
58
VXSSRUW#OGJHOHFWURQLFVFRP ZZZOGJHOHFWURQLFVFRP

ANTENNA MATCHING
ACCESSORIES
High Power Desktop
AT-600PROII Our Most Popular

600 Watts to Mid Size Amps Desktop Tuner
• Dual Bargraph
• 1.8 to 54MHz
• 600W SSB / 200W Digital
• USB Control
AT-1000PROII AT-200PROII
QRO Auto Tuner to 1000W 200 Watts Desktop AT-100PROII
• Switch L Network • Tunes 10:1 SWR
• Dual Antenna • 2 Year Warranty • Dual Bargraph
• 1000W SSB / 350 W Digital • 250W SSB / 100W Digital • Auto / Semi-Auto Mode
• USB Control • 125W SSB / 30W Digital
Balun / Unun Icom Zero Power - Go Box Ready!

Tuner dedicated to Icom Designed for portable and low power applications -
radios with seamless zero current drawn once tuned.
integration.
Z-100 PLUS
• Low Cost
• Highly Portable
• RU 1:1 UNUN • 125W SSB/30W Digital
• RU 4:1 UNUN
• RU 9:1 UNUN IT-100 Z-11PROII Z-817
• RBA 4:1 BALUN • AH-3 & AH-4 Compatible • LED SWR Indicator • FT-817/818 Compatible
• RBA 1:1 BALUN • Includes Interface Cable • 10:1 SWR • Operates on 4 AAs
• 200W SSB • 125W SSB / 30W Digital • 125W SSB/30W Digital • 20W SSB/5W Digital
R&L Electronics 800-221-7735 LDG YT-1200

With FREE 500mA Power
Supply and FREE Shipping
LDG YT-100
Call Main Trading
1-903-737-0773 +
Special! $149.00 Special! $229.99 FREE
Shipping
support@ldgelectronics.com 410-586-2177 www.ldgelectronics.com
BEST PRODUCTS. BEST VALUE. BEST WARRANTY. CONTACT YOUR FAVORITE DEALER TODAY!
DIGITAL CONNECTION
BY DON ROTOLO,* N2IRZ
Packet News, Data Radios, and Some Practical Details
/
DVWWLPHZHGLVFXVVHGWKHKDUG
ZDUHDQGGHVLJQRIDQHZ.,66
PRGHP GHYHORSHG E\ 1LQR
&DUULOOR ..+(- .HHSLQJ ZLWK WKDW
WKHPHWKLVPRQWKZH¶OOWDNHDFORVHU
ORRNDWVRPHRIWKHSUDFWLFDODVSHFWV
RIDFWXDOO\SXWWLQJDSDFNHWOLQNRQWKH
DLU DORQJ ZLWK DQ XSGDWH RQ WKH
PRGHP¶VGHVLJQSURJUHVVDQGH[SHFW
HGDYDLODELOLW\
TNC-Pi
%HIRUHZHJHWLQWRWKDWMXVWDWWKHHQGRI
ODVW \HDU -RKQ +DQVHQ :)6 RI
&RDVWDO&KLSZRUNVDQQRXQFHGWKDWKLV
FRPSDQ\ ZDV FHDVLQJ RSHUDWLRQV 7KH
7$531 QHWZRUN FRQFHSW KWWSWDUSQ
QHW! ZDV EXLOW DURXQG -RKQ¶V 71&3L
ZKLFKLVFXUUHQWO\VROGRXWDQGQRORQJHU
DYDLODEOH&LWLQJWKHLQFUHDVLQJGLIILFXOW\
LQ VRXUFLQJ WKH WKURXJKKROH FRPSR
3KRWR$+HUHLVDQH[DPSOHRID71&WRUDGLRFDEOHWKLVRQHEXLOWWRFRQQHFW
QHQWVXVHGWRDVVHPEOHWKHVHPRGHPV
DSLQ',171&WRDQ,&20SLQPLFFRQQHFWRUSHUIHFWO\ILQHIRUDQG
KHVD\VKHLVZRUNLQJRQDZD\IRUWKHP
EDXG7KHPLFURSKRQHFRQQHFWRUGRHVQ¶WKDYHDUHFHLYHGDXGLR5;$RXW
WREHDYDLODEOHDJDLQ³HDUO\LQWKHFRP
SXWVRWKHPLOOLPHWHUSKRQHSOXJLVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHVSHDNHURXWSXWRQWKH
LQJ\HDU>@ÉXWQRWDVNLWVGXHWR
EDFNRIWKHUDGLR0DNLQJ\RXURZQLQWHUIDFHFDEOHLVTXLWHHDV\EXW\RX¶OOQHHG
WKHQHHGIRUVXUIDFHPRXQWFRPSRQHQWV
WRGRVRPHVROGHULQJ
2IFRXUVHZHVKRXOGDOOUHDOL]HWKDW
DPDWHXUUDGLRLVDOUHDG\DQLFKHPDU
NHW DQG SDFNHW UDGLR PRGHPV DUH D
QLFKHRIDQLFKHRIDQLFKH,W¶VDFKDO ZDQWWRWUDQVPLW,QWHUIDFLQJWRWKHUDGLR VKRZQLQ3KRWRV$&DQG'$FKHFN
OHQJHWRPDNHWKHILQDQFLDOVZRUNLQWKLV LVDOPRVWDWULYLDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQ<RXFDQ RIWKHUDGLR¶VRSHUDWRU¶VPDQXDORUDQ
EXVLQHVV\RXKDYHWRGRLWIRUORYH, MXVWEX\DVRXQGFDUGLQWHUIDFHOLNHWKH LQWHUQHW VHDUFK VKRXOG JHW \RX WR WKH
VHQGP\VLQFHUHWKDQNVWR-RKQIRUWKH :HVW0RXQWDLQ5DGLR5,*EODVWHUVHULHV H[DFWSLQFRQILJXUDWLRQ\RXQHHG
PDQ\ \HDUV RI VXSSRUW IURP &RDVWDO KWWSVELWO\)9DR*!DQGEHRQWKH 7RPDNHDQLQWHUIDFHFDEOHMXVWILQG
&KLSZRUNVDQGKLVNLQGQHVVLQPDNLQJ DLULQMXVWDIHZPLQXWHV%XWIRUQHWZRUN VRPH VKLHOGHG PXOWLFRQGXFWRU FDEOH
DVSHFLDO7$531YHUVLRQRIWKH71& RSHUDWRUVDFRPSXWHUDQGVRXQGFDUGLV ZLWKDWOHDVWFRQGXFWRUV*1'FDQXVH
3LDYDLODEOHDWDYHU\UHDVRQDEOHFRVW QRW WKH LGHDO ZD\ WR VHQG DQG UHFHLYH WKHVKLHOGDQGZLUHWKHVLJQDOVWRWKH
:LWKWKDWEHLQJVDLG1LQRKDVDGGHG SDFNHWVLJQDOV,WVLPSO\FRVWVWRRPXFK FRUUHFWFRQQHFWRUSLQV+HUHVROGHULQJ
EDXG%HOOVXSSRUWWRKLVN 7RLQWHUIDFHDVWDQGDORQH71&WRD LV DQ LPSRUWDQW VNLOO EXW LI \RX GRQ¶W
.,66 71& PDNLQJ WKLV D UHDVRQDEOH UDGLR ZH RQO\ QHHG WR EXLOG D VLPSOH NQRZKRZ\RXFDQFHUWDLQO\ILQGVRPH
FKRLFHWRUHSODFHWKH71&3LDQG71& SDVVLYH FDEOH 2I FRXUVH \RX QHHG RQH ORFDO ZKR FDQ RU ZLOO VKRZ \RX
3LN$WWKHWLPHRIWKLVZULWLQJHDUO\ ERWKWKHULJKWFRQQHFWRUVDQGWKHSLQ KRZ 1DWXUDOO\ LQWHUIDFH FDEOHV DQG
-DQXDU\WHVWLQJRIWKLVIHDWXUHDORQJ RXWRIHDFKVLGH%XWZHQHHGRQO\WKUHH 71&VDUHQRWOLPLWHGWRQHWZRUNRSHUD
ZLWK D QHZ IRUZDUG HUURUFRUUHFWLQJ VLJQDOV7UDQVPLWDXGLR7;$UHFHLYH WRUV$Q\RQHZDQWLQJWRRSHUDWHSDFN
VFKHPHZDVMXVWVWDUWLQJ,DPKRSLQJ DXGLR5;$DQGSXVKWRWDON377WR HWLQFOXGLQJ$356FRXOGGRWKHVDPH
IRUDIXOOZULWHXSIURP1LQRODWHULQ NH\WKHWUDQVPLWWHU2IFRXUVHDJURXQG WKLQJ²LQGHHGWKDWZDVDOOWKHUHZDV
9LVLW KWWSWDUSQQHWG! IRU WKH ODWHVW *1'OLQHLVDOVRQHHGHG \HDUVDJR%XWZLWKWKHVRXQGFDUG
LQIRUPDWLRQ 2YHU WKH \HDUV WZR GHIDFWR VWDQ EHLQJ WKH GRPLQDQW IL[WXUH WKDW LW LV
GDUGVKDYHHPHUJHGIRUWKH71&RXW WKHUH¶VUHDOO\QRWDORWRILQWHUHVWWRGD\
Radio Interface SXWFRQQHFWRU7KHSLQPDOH',1DQG LQRSHUDWLQJSDFNHWZLWKD71&
:KHQZHWKLQNRIGLJLWDOPRGHVZHRIWHQ WKH'()2QWKHUDGLRVLGHLWJHWVD
JUDYLWDWHWRZDUGVWKH+)PRGHVVXFKDV OLWWOHPRUHFRPSOLFDWHG'HSHQGLQJRQ Data Radios
)7DQG36.ZKLFKXVHRXUFRPSXW WKHUDGLR\RXPLJKWQHHGWRFRQQHFWWR <RXUFKRLFHRIUDGLRGHSHQGVRQZKDW
HU¶VVRXQGFDUGWRPDNHWKHQRLVHVZH WKH PLFURSKRQH MDFN VSHDNHU MDFN D \RX¶UHWU\LQJWRGREDXGZLOOZRUN
GHGLFDWHGGDWDMDFNRUDFRPELQDWLRQ ZLWKYLUWXDOO\DQ\)0ULJDQGVRZHWHQG
RIWKHVH$QGGLIIHUHQWUDGLRVXVHGLI WR VHH ROGHU DQG WKHUHIRUH LQH[SHQ
FR&4PDJD]LQH IHUHQWFRQQHFWRUW\SHV$VDVWDUWVRPH VLYHXVHGUDGLRVSUHVVHGLQWRVHUYLFH
(PDLO1,5=#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! RI WKH PRUH FRPPRQ FRQQHFWRUV DUH ,WLVQ¶WWKDWGLIILFXOWWRILQGDSODFHIRUWKH

VLJQDOV IURP WKH 71& WR JHW LQWR WKH SDFNHW,QRWKHUZRUGVHYHQD³ HUWKDQDQ\RWKHUDQGWKDWWKHFKDQJH
UDGLR 7KH PLFURSKRQH SOXJ DOZD\V UHDG\´ UDGLR FRXOG RIIHU UHDOO\ SRRU LQ SKDVH E\ IUHTXHQF\ QHHGV WR EH
KDV DQ DXGLR LQSXW DQG 377 DQG DQ SHUIRUPDQFHLIWKH75VZLWFKWLPH7; FORVHWRDVWUDLJKWOLQHIRUERWKWUDQV
H[WHUQDOVSHDNHUMDFNLVQHDUO\DVFRP 'HOD\ZDVWRRORQJ PLWDQGUHFHLYH
PRQ,KDYHXVHGGR]HQVRI)0UDGLRV :K\GRZHQHHGWRWDSLQWRWKHVHVLJ 3XUSRVHO\ PRGLI\LQJ WKH DXGLR UH
IRU SDFNHW LQFOXGLQJ P\ WUXVW\ ,&20 QDOSRLQWVDQ\ZD\LQVWHDGRIXVLQJWKH VSRQVH IRU FHUWDLQ IUHTXHQFLHV ²
,&$KDQGLHWDONLHDSDLURI,&20,& PLF FRQQHFWRU" EDXG *58+ HPSKDVLVDQGRQUHFHLYHGHHPSKD
$ 0+] PRELOHV DQG HYHQ P\ VLJQDOV QHHG D IODW DXGLR EDQGZLGWK VLV ² VLJQLILFDQWO\ LPSURYHV UHFHLYHG
DQFLHQW+HDWKNLW6%+)ULJLQ66% UHVSRQVH GRZQ WR '& DQG D OLQHDU DXGLR DQG YLUWXDOO\ HYHU\ YRLFH UDGLR
PRGHIRU+)SDFNHWDVZHOODVUHSXU JURXSGHOD\FKDUDFWHULVWLF7KDWPHDQV GRHVWKLV,QGHHGWKHHPSKDVLVFLUFXLW
SRVHG 0RWRUROD DQG *( EXVLQHVV WKDW QR IUHTXHQF\ LQ WKH DXGLR SDVV U\LVRQHUHDVRQZK\ZHQHHGWRE\SDVV
EDQG)0UDGLRV EDQGFDQEHVLJQLILFDQWO\ORXGHURUVRIW WKH PLFURSKRQH LQSXW VDPH DV WKH
0DQ\ )0 UDGLRV RI WKHVH YLQWDJHV
GRQ¶WDFWXDOO\JHQHUDWHWUXH)0ZKLFK
LVGRQHZLWKDYDUDFWRUGLRGHDFWLQJDV
D YROWDJHYDULDEOH FDSDFLWRU ,QVWHDG
WKH\ SXOO WKH IUHTXHQF\ RI D 3KDVH
/RFNHG/RRS3//WRJHQHUDWH3KDVH
0RGXODWLRQ 30 :KHQ XVHG IRU WKH
LQWHQGHG YRLFH RSHUDWLRQV \RXU HDU
FDQ¶WWHOOWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQUHFHLY
LQJ )0 RU 30 DV WKH\ DUH QHDUO\ WKH
VDPH%XWWKH\DUHLQIDFWGLIIHUHQW
$WRUHYHQEDXGWKHVHGLI
IHUHQFHVGRQ¶WPDWWHURQHZKLW$W
EDXGVRPHFDUHOHWVWKHVH30UDGLRV
WREHXVHGDOEHLWZLWKVRPHPLQRUPRG
LILFDWLRQV WR WKH UDGLR LQWHUIDFH +RZ
HYHUDWEDXGWKHGLIIHUHQFHVDUH
WRRJUHDW2QHPXVWXVHDWUXH)0UDGLR
DWWKLVVSHHGDQGKLJKHU
7KLVZDVRQHRIWKHUHDVRQVVRIHZ
KDPVRSHUDWHGNSDFNHW,WZDVKDUG
WRILQGDXVDEOHUDGLR7KHRWKHUVLJQLI
LFDQWUHDVRQZDVWKDWHYHQZLWKDWUXH
)0UDGLR\RXKDGWRRSHQXSWKHUDGLR
DQGLQWHUIDFHGLUHFWO\WRWKHPRGXODWRU
DQGGHPRGXODWRUFLUFXLWVE\SDVVLQJDOO
WKHPLFURSKRQHDQGVSHDNHUDXGLRSUR 3KRWR%7KLV,&20,&$FPUDGLRZDVPRGLILHGIRUEDXGRSHUDWLRQ
FHVVLQJ FLUFXLWU\ 0RVW KDPV ZHUH XVLQJD+$317PRGHP²QRWHWKHZKLWHFRD[LDOFDEOHVZLWKWKHUHGDUURZV
HLWKHU XQFRPIRUWDEOH RU LQVXIILFLHQWO\ SRLQWHGDWWKHP7KHYLVLEOHFDEOHLVIRUWUDQVPLWZLWKWKHVKLHOGUHPRYHGIRUFODU
VNLOOHG RU ERWK LQ ILQGLQJ DQG FRQ LW\ZKLOHUHFHLYHJRHVWRWKHERWWRPERDUG7KLVLVWKHH[DFWVDPHPRGLILFDWLRQ
QHFWLQJWRWKHVHQRUPDOO\LQDFFHVVLEOH DVQHHGHGIRUEXWWKH,&$LVSKDVHPRGXODWHGZKLFKFDQQRWVXSSRUW
FLUFXLWSRLQWV EDXGRSHUDWLRQ7KLVGXUDEOHUDGLRLVSHUIHFWIRUQHWZRUNVHUYLFH
3KRWR% VKRZVWKHPRGLILFDWLRQ,KDG
WRPDNHWRP\,&$UDGLRLQRUGHUWR
XVHLWDWEDXG,EURXJKWRXWWKHVH
VLJQDOVRQWRD'(FRQQHFWRUVR,FRXOG
LQWHUIDFHWRWKH71&¶VPRGHP:KLOHLW
ZDVQ¶WWHUULEO\GLIILFXOWIRUPHWRILQGWKH
ULJKWVSRWV²,KDYHERWKDVFKHPDWLF
GLDJUDPDQGDQHOHFWULFDOHQJLQHHULQJ
GHJUHH²,FDQFOHDUO\VWDWHWKDWRWKHUV
LQWKHFOXEZHUHQRWDQ\ZKHUHQHDUDV
FRPIRUWDEOHGRLQJWKLVZKLFK,WKLQNLV
XQGHUVWDQGDEOH
7RGD\ZHKDYHEHWWHURSWLRQV6LQFH
WKH ODWH WK FHQWXU\ PDQXIDFWXUHUV
KDYHEHHQSXWWLQJ³GDWDSRUWV´ RQWKHLU
UDGLRVEULQJLQJWKHQHFHVVDU\LQWHUIDFH
SRLQWVWRDUHDUSDQHOFRQQHFWRU:KLOH 3KRWR&7KHUHDUSDQHORID3DF&RPP0LFURSRZHU71&7KHUDGLRFRQ
WKLV ZDV JHQHUDOO\ JRRG VRPH UDGLRV QHFWRULVDSLQ',1VRFNHW7KLVZDVWKHORZSRZHUYDULDQWRIWKH7LQ\71&
KDGDE\VPDOWUDQVPLWUHFHLYHVZLWFK WKDWZDVTXLWHSRSXODULQWKHV&RVWLQJDERXWQHZOHVVWKDQFRP
LQJWLPHV$WEDXGZDLWLQJP6 SHWLWRUVPDQ\RIWKHVHRSHUDWHGDVSDUWRID526(RU7KH1(7QHWZRUN7KH
IRUWKHWUDQVPLWWHUWRVWDELOL]HPDGHQR UHODWLYHO\KLJKFRVWWREXLOGDQHWZRUNQRGHZDVMXVWDQRWKHULPSHGLPHQWWRIDU
VHQVH ZKHQ VHQGLQJ D P6 GDWD ZLGHUDGRSWLRQ

3KRWR'6RPHFRPPRQ71&DQGUDGLRSLQRXWVIRUEDXGRSHUDWLRQV<RXFDQILQGZKDW\RXQHHGLQ\RXUUDGLR
RU71&PDQXDODQGWKHLQWHUQHWLVULFKZLWKUHVRXUFHVIRUWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQ,QWHUIDFLQJ\RXU71&WR\RXUUDGLRLVDVVLP
SOHDVEXLOGLQJRUEX\LQJDFDEOH)RUEDXGWKHPLFURSKRQHFRQQHFWRULVW\SLFDOO\XVHGZKLOHIRUEDXG\RX
PXVWXVHHLWKHUWKHGHGLFDWHGGDWDSRUWRQWKHEDFNSDQHORUPRGLI\WKHUDGLRWREULQJWKHQHHGHGVLJQDOSRLQWVWRDQ
H[WHUQDOFRQQHFWRU
UHFHLYH GHHPSKDVLV ERWK RI ZKLFK <DHVX )7 ZLWKEDXGSRUWVEXWDV,KDGPHQ
LQWURGXFH GLVWRUWLRQV XQDFFHSWDEOH IRU DQG .DQWURQLFV ' DQG WLRQHG EHZDUH RI 7;'HOD\ VSHFLILFD
EDXG .HQZRRG709$,I\RX¶UHZLOOLQJWR WLRQV,HQFRXUDJH\RXWRYLVLW&4 DGYHU
PDNH VRPH PLQRU PRGLILFDWLRQV WKHQ WLVHUVDQGVHHZKDWWKH\KDYHWRRIIHU
Radios MXVW DERXW DQ\ UDGLR FDQ EH PDGH WR 7KHQWKHUHDUHGHGLFDWHGGDWDUDGLRV
6RPHRIWKHROGHUDQGWKHUHIRUHLQH[ ZRUN ² FKHFN WKH LQWHUQHW IRU ROGHU 7KHVH DUH FRPPHUFLDO SURGXFWV WKDW
SHQVLYHNQRZQJRRGUDGLRVWKDWRSHU SRVWV RI VXFFHVV RU IDLOXUH WKHUH DUH FDQ EH WXQHG WR WKH KDP EDQGV EXW
DWHDWEDXGZLWKRXWPRGLILFDWLRQ SOHQW\ 2I FRXUVH PDQ\ QHZHU DQG EHZDUH PDQ\ FDQQRW GHVLJQHG
LQFOXGH WKH $OLQFR GDWD UDGLRV '5 PRUHH[SHQVLYHPRGHOVDUHDYDLODEOH VSHFLILFDOO\ WR KDQGOH GDWD WUDQVPLV
VLRQV6XUSOXVGDWDUDGLRVDUHQHLWKHU
GLIILFXOW WR ILQG QRU H[SHQVLYH 7KH
7$531 IRONV KDYH IRXQG FHUWDLQ 7DLW
70GDWDUDGLRPRGHOVWREHERWK
DYDLODEOHDQGHDV\WRZRUNZLWK²MXVW
HQVXUH WKH PRGHO \RX JHW FRYHUV WKH
DPDWHXU EDQGV DV WKH\ RIIHU DERXW D
GR]HQGLIIHUHQWYHUVLRQV,VDZRQHRQ
H%D\ IRU XQGHU 0RWRUROD 51(7
WHOHPHWU\ UDGLRV DUH DOVR VDLG WR EH
EDXG FDSDEOH DQG DUH VHHQ IRU
XQGHU
Radio Surgery
)RUROGHUPHDQLQJUHDVRQDEO\SULFHG
9+) DQG 8+) UDGLRV ZLWK GHFHQW
!:SRZHUOHYHOV\RXPLJKWQHHG
WRJRLQVLGHWKHUDGLRWRSXWZLUHVWRWKH
QHHGHG VLJQDO SRLQWV 7UDQVPLW DXGLR
7;$QHHGVWRJRWRWKHPRGXODWRUDQG
UHFHLYH DXGLR 5;$ QHHGV WR FRPH
GLUHFWO\ IURP WKH GLVFULPLQDWRU 7KHVH
WZRVLJQDOVDORQJZLWK377DQGJURXQG
IURPWKHPLFURSKRQHMDFNDOOJHWURXW
HG WR D '( FRQQHFWRU RXWVLGH WKH
3KRWR(7KHODWHVWYHUVLRQRIWKH1LQR71&DEDXG.,6671&WKDW FDVH+HUHIRUH[DPSOHDUHWKHLQWHU
LV H[SHFWHG WR FRVW XQGHU DV D NLW , FRYHUHG WKLV WRSLF H[WHQVLYHO\ LQ WKH QDOFRQQHFWLRQSRLQWVIRUDQ,&20,&
-DQXDU\ LVVXH DQG ZLOO FHUWDLQO\ YLVLW LW DJDLQ ODWHU WKLV \HDU 9LVLW UDGLR5;$XGLRLVREWDLQHGIURP,&
KWWSWDUSQQHWG!IRUWKHODWHVWLQIRUPDWLRQ 3LQRQWKH5)XQLW7;$XGLRLVGHOLY

HUHGWRWKHVLGHRI5WKDWLVQ¶WFRQ
QHFWHGWRWULPPHU5)RU7;$XVH
DN2KPZDWWUHVLVWRULQVHULHV
WRGURSWKHVLJQDOWRDVXLWDEOHUDQJH
7KH ³3LQ ´ SRLQW LV VXUSULVLQJO\
FRPPRQVLQFHSRSXODUUHFHLYHUFKLSV
VXFK DV 7$ /$ /&0
0& DQG 7. DOO KDSSHQ WR
KDYHWKHLURXWSXWRQSLQ1RWDOOUDGLRV
XVHWKHVHRIFRXUVHVRSURFHHGZLWK
FDXWLRQ7U\WRILQGDVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDP
IRU\RXUUDGLRWRLGHQWLI\ZKHUHLQWKHFLU
FXLW\RXQHHGWRFRQQHFWWKHQILQGWKDW
VSRWLQWKHSK\VLFDOFLUFXLW:KHQFRQ
QHFWLQJWRLQWHUQDOFLUFXLWU\XVHDVPDOO
FRD[LDOFDEOHFRQQHFWWKHVKLHOGVRQO\
RQWKHRXWVLGHRIWKHUDGLRRUVKRUWUXQV
RIKRRNXSZLUH
In Closing
$WWKHULVNRIUHSHDWLQJP\VHOIDOOWKLV
VXUJHU\DQGVROGHUDQ[LHW\LVZK\
EDXG RSHUDWLRQV ZHUHQ¶W VR SRSXODU
%XWWRGD\\RXFDQDYRLGDOORILWE\EX\
LQJ D VXUSOXV FRPPHUFLDO GDWD UDGLR
:KLOHWKHUHLVDOVRVRPHHIIRUWLQYROYHG
LW¶V IDU OHVV 6HDUFK WKH LQWHUQHW IRU D
GDWDUDGLRWKHQVHHLILW¶OOGRZKDW\RX
H[SHFW 'RHV LW WXQH WR WKH DPDWHXU
EDQGV":KDWLVQHHGHGWRFKDQJHWKH
IUHTXHQF\"&DQWKHUDGLRUHDOO\KDQGOH
EDXG",VWKHUHDQ\WHFKQLFDOGRF
XPHQWDWLRQ DYDLODEOH" :KDW DUH WKH
VSHFLILFDWLRQV SRZHU 7;'HOD\ HWF"
$V DOZD\V GR \RXU KRPHZRUN %XW
RQFH \RX ILQG D ZLQQHU ² OLNH WKH
0RWRUROD 51(7 WHOHPHWU\ GDWD UDGLR
PRGHOV²JRIRULW
6RWKHUH\RXKDYHLWWKHEDUHEDVLFV
RIKLJKHUVSHHGSDFNHWZLWKDQHPSKD
VLVRQQHWZRUNRSHUDWLRQV$WEDXG
QHDUO\DQ\YRLFHUDGLRZLOOZRUNMXVWILQH
EXWDWZHQHHGWRHLWKHUPRGLI\WKH
ROGHUUDGLRWREULQJRXWWKHUHFHLYHDQG
WUDQVPLWSRLQWVEX\DQHZHUUDGLRZLWK
WKHVHSRLQWVDOUHDG\EURXJKWWRWKHUHDU
SDQHOGDWDMDFNRUILQGDXVHGFRPPHU
FLDOGDWDUDGLRDQGSXWLWRQWKHDPDWHXU
EDQGV&RQQHFWLQJWKH71&WRWKHUDGLR
LVGRQHZLWKDVLPSOHSDVVLYHFDEOHWKDW
LVHDV\WRPDNHDOWKRXJK\RXFHUWDLQO\
FDQEX\RQHSUHPDGH
,FRXOGKDYHXVHGPRVWRIWKHSDJHV
LQWKLVPRQWK¶VLVVXHH[SODLQLQJDOOWKLV
DV WKHUH LV VR PXFK LQIRUPDWLRQ , FDQ
VKDUH7RDYRLGFRQIOLFWZLWKP\IHOORZ
FROXPQLVWV ,¶YH VKDYHG LW GRZQ DV
XVXDOEXWSOHDVHIHHOIUHHWRZULWHLI\RX
KDYHDQ\TXHVWLRQVRUQHHGVRPHFODU
LILFDWLRQ²RULI\RXWKLQNSDFNHWLVDOO
ZDVKHGXSDQG\RXZDQWWRKHDUDERXW
VRPHWKLQJHOVH,W¶VDOZD\VDJRRGGD\
ZKHQ , KHDU IURP D UHDGHU DQG FRP
SODLQWVDUHDFWXDOO\P\IDYRULWHWKLQJWR
KHDU+RQHVW
±8QWLOQH[WWLPHGH1,5=

MICROCONTROLLERS IN AMATEUR RADIO
BY ANTHONY A. LUSCRE*, K8ZT
Two New Projects That Utilize μControllers
7
KLV PRQWK ZH VWDUW ZLWK DQRWKHU SURFHVVRUVDOWKRXJKDOORIWKHSURFHV ,QFOXGHGLQWKHERRNLVDSURMHFW,PHQ
SURMHFW IURP 5RGULJR )UHLUH VRUVLH670(63DQG7HHQV\ WLRQHGLQP\6HSWHPEHU&4 FRO
3<5$) VHH 'HF &4 IRU FDQ EH SURJUDPPHG LQ WKH IDPLOLDU XPQ ² 7KH 0RUVH &RGH 7XWRU 7KLV
WKH SUHYLRXV SURMHFW 7KLV LV D JUHDW $UGXLQR,'(7KH7DEOHRI&RQWHQWVIRU SURMHFW 3KRWR % SURYLGHV WRROV IRU
XQGHU SURMHFW WKDW XVHV RQO\ IRXU WKHQHZERRNLVVHHQLQ7DEOH OHDUQLQJ0RUVHFRGHLQGLYLGXDOO\RULQD
LWHPV²DOPRVWDQ\YDULHW\RI$UGXLQR
ERDUGDQ2/('GLVSOD\DSDLURIUHVLV
WRUV DQG D IHZ SLHFHV RI MXPSHU ZLUH
3KRWR $ DQG )LJXUHV 5RGULJR¶V
SURMHFWLVDQRQDLUWUDQVPLWDQGUHFHLYH
WLPHUFRXQWLQJKRZORQJ\RXDUHWUDQV
PLWWLQJRUUHFHLYLQJDVLJQDO,WLVFRP
SDWLEOHZLWKPRVW<DHVX+)WUDQVFHLYHUV
SURGXFHGLQWKHODVW\HDUV+HUHLV
D OLQN WR KLV SURMHFW KWWSVWLQ\XUO
FRPXU[EKYT! ZKLFK QRZ VXSSRUW
PDQ\,&20DQG.HQZRRGUDGLRV
7KHQDPHRIRXUQH[WLWHP¶VFUHDWRU
ZLOO EH IDPLOLDU WR PDQ\ LQYROYHG ZLWK
PLFURFRQWUROOHUGHYLFHVLQDPDWHXUUDGLR
²-DFN3XUGXP:7((-DFNDQG$O
3HWHU$&*<KDYHWHDPHGXSWRZULWH
D QHZ ERRN WLWOHG 0LFURFRQWUROOHU
3URMHFWVIRU$PDWHXU5DGLR'U3XUGXP
LVDOVRWKHDXWKRURI$UGXLQR3URMHFWVIRU
$PDWHXU 5DGLR EXW H[SODLQV WKDW WKH
QHZERRNLVGLIIHUHQWLQWKDWLWGRHVQRW
OLPLW LWVHOI WR WKH $UGXLQR IDPLO\ RI
HPDLON]W#DUUOQHW 3KRWR$$Q2/('$UGXLQR7LPHUKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPXU[EKYT!IURP3<5$)
ZHEVLWHZZZN]WFRP 3KRWRE\5RGULJR)UHLUH3<5$)
)LJXUH2/('$UGXLQR7LPHUVLPSOLILHGVFKHPDWLF$OPRVWDQ\YHUVLRQRI$UGXLQRFDQEHXVHGEXWPDNHVXUH\RX
DGMXVWIRUGLIIHUHQWSLQRXWVLQWKHVNHWFK1RWLFHWKHWZR.RKPUHVLVWRUVEHWZHHQ*3,2VDQG,OOXVWUDWLRQE\
5RGULJR)UHLUH3<5$)

FODVVURRPVHWWLQJ7KHSURMHFWFRYHUVGLIIHUHQWVHWVRI0RUVH WKH SURMHFWV DV LOOXVWUDWHG E\ WKHLU &: 0HVVHQJHU SURMHFW
OHWWHUVQXPEHUVSXQFWXDWLRQFKDUDFWHUVDQGZRUGVDVZHOO VKRZQLQ3KRWR&7KH&:0HVVHQJHUDOORZVWKHXVHUWR
DVUDQGRPO\JHQHUDWHGPRFN462VDQGFDOOVLJQV7KHUHDUH VHQGXSWRGLIIHUHQW³FDQQHG´ PHVVDJHVE\DVVLJQLQJWKH
DOVRYDULRXVZD\VWRSUDFWLFHVHQGLQJ0RUVH$VPDOOZDWW PHVVDJHVRILQWHUHVWWRWKHWKUHHSXVKEXWWRQVZLWFKHVRQ
DXGLRDPSOLILHUJLYHVSOHQW\RIYROXPHWKURXJKWKHVSHDNHU WKHWRSRIWKHFDVH:KDWLVGLIIHUHQWLVWKDW0HVVHQJHUDOORZV
IRUFODVVURRPXVH$EXLOWLQNH\HUDOORZVWKHXVHUWRVHWWKH WKHXVHUWRFKDQJHWKHPHVVDJHVLQWKHILHOGE\XVLQJWKH
ZRUGVSHUPLQXWHEHWZHHQDQGZSP7KHXQLWLVSRZ WRXFKVFUHHQNH\ERDUGWKDWLVLQWHJUDWHGLQWRWKH0HVVHQJHU
HUHGE\DYROWYROWDJHVRXUFH 7KH0HVVHQJHUDOVRKDVDEXLOWLQNH\HUDQGWKHRXWSXWFLU
$ODQG-DFNKDYH³PRGHUQL]HG´ DQXPEHURISURMHFWVWR FXLWLVLVRODWHGYLDD1RSWRLVRODWRUVRLWFDQEHXVHGZLWK
XVH7)7FRORUGLVSOD\VDQGSURYLGHPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQIURP DYDULHW\RINH\LQJFLUFXLWV3&%VIRUPRVWRIWKHSURMHFWVZLOO
)LJXUH2/('$UGXLQR7LPHUSURMHFWIRU,&20UDGLRV,OOXVWUDWLRQE\5RGULJR)UHLUH3<5$)
3KRWR2/('$UGXLQR7LPHUSURMHFWIRU.HQZRRGUDGLRV,OOXVWUDWLRQE\5RGULJR)UHLUH3<5$)

3KRWR%7KH0RUVH&RGH7XWRUSURMHFWSURYLGHVWRROVIRU 3KRWR&7KH&:0HVVHQJHUDOORZVWKHXVHUWRVHQGXSWR
OHDUQLQJ0RUVHFRGHLQGLYLGXDOO\RULQDFODVVURRPVHWWLQJ GLIIHUHQW³FDQQHG´PHVVDJHVE\DVVLJQLQJWKHPHVVDJHV
3KRWRE\-DFN3XUGXP:7(( RILQWHUHVWWRWKHWKUHHSXVKEXWWRQVZLWFKHVRQWKHWRSRIWKH
FDVH3KRWRE\-DFN3XUGXP:7((
EH DYDLODEOH IURP 453 *X\V KWWSV

)RUHZRUG TUSJX\VFRP!7KHERRNLVEHLQJSXE
,QWURGXFWLRQ±:KLFK&,QVWDOODWLRQDQG,QWURWRWKH,'( OLVKHGE\WKH$55/DQGLVH[SHFWHGWR
$Q2YHUYLHZRI$UGXLQR& EHDYDLODEOHLQ-XQH
/LEUDULHVDQGD*HQWOH,QWURGXFWLRQWR2EMHFW2ULHQWHG3URJUDPPLQJ 'XULQJ D UHFHQW SUHVHQWDWLRQ DW P\
'LVSOD\V±[/&'7)72/('0HQXLQJV\VWHP ORFDODPDWHXUUDGLRFOXE,KHDUGDERXW
+LJKFXUUHQW8WLOLW\3RZHU6XSSO\ DYDULHW\RIDYDLODEOH+RW6SRWV2QHWKH
0LQL'XPP\/RDGZLWK3RZHUDQG6:5 0XOWL0RGH 'LJLWDO 9RLFH 0RGHP DOVR
0RUVH&RGH7XWRU NQRZQDVWKH00'90+RWVSRWRU-XPER
3URJUDPPDEOH3RZHU6XSSO\IRUWKH%HQFK 6SRW3KRWR'ZDVH[WUHPHO\LQWHUHVW
$QWHQQD7XQHU LQJ7KLVWLQ\WKHWHUP-XPERLVDMRNH
&:0HVVHQJHU ±$/GHYLFHDOORZV\RXWRFRQQHFW\RXU
'633RVW3URFHVVRU 8+) '05 UDGLR WR '05 UHSHDWHUV
'630LF3URFHVVRU DURXQG WKH ZRUOG YLD \RXU KRPH :L)L
6LJQDO*HQHUDWRU QHWZRUN ZLWKRXW WKH XVH RI D QHDUE\
&RQVWUXFWLQJWKH³/XJJDEOH'RXEOH'RXEOH´ 0DJQHWLF/RRS$QWHQQD UHSHDWHU <RX FDQ FKRRVH WR SXW \RXU
5HPRWH&RQWUROIRUWKH/XJJDEOH'RXEOH'RXEOH0DJ/RRS RZQ-XPER6SRWWRJHWKHUYLDLQGLYLGXDO
+RZWR0DNH<RXU3URMHFW/RRN3URIHVVLRQDO PRGXOHV>D5DVSEHUU\3L=HUR::L)L
SOXV D -XPER 6SRW 574 00'90
7DEOH7DEOHRI&RQWHQWVIRU0LFURFRQWUROOHU3URMHFWVIRU$PDWHXU5DGLR E\-DFN +RWVSRW H[SDQVLRQ ERDUG@ YLD D FRP
3XUGXP:7((DQG$O3HWHU$&*< SOHWHNLWZLWKDQWHQQDDQGFDVHRU574
5HDG\WR462'HSHQGLQJRQWKHURXWH
\RX JR WKH WRWDO FRVW FDQ EH EHWZHHQ
DQG 7KHUH DUH QXPHURXV
VRXUFHVRQOLQHZKHUH\RXFDQEX\\RXU
-XPER6SRW,QDGGLWLRQWR'05-XPER
6SRWVXSSRUWV<DHVX¶V6\VWHP)XVLRQ
'6WDUDQGRWKHUSURWRFROV
7KDW¶VLWIRUWKLVPRQWK5HPHPEHU,
DP DOZD\V ORRNLQJ IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ
\RXU QHZ PLFURFRQWUROOHU SURMHFWV RU
H[SHULHQFHV ZLWK DQ\ RI WKH SURMHFWV
IURPWKLVFROXPQVRSOHDVHHPDLOPHDW
N]W#DUUOQHW!
3KRWR'-XPER6SRWLVDKRWVSRW
IRU\RXU'05)XVLRQRU'6WDUUDGLR
,W¶VPDGHXSRID5DVSEHUU\3L=HUR:
:L)L D -XPER 6SRW 574 00'90
+RWVSRWH[SDQVLRQERDUGDQDQWHQQD
DQG D FDVH 1RW VKRZQ DUH DVVRUWHG
MXPSHUV XVHG WR FRQQHFW WKH ERDUGV
3KRWRE\.=7

THE HAM NOTEBOOK
TEXT AND PHOTOS BY WAYNE YOSHIDA*, KH6WZ
A “Swap Meet Go Bag” and Other Things Related
-
XVW OLNH EHLQJ SUHSDUHG IRU D FRPPXQLFDWLRQV HPHU
JHQF\RUGULOOD6ZDS0HHW*R%DJLVHVVHQWLDOIRUD
VXFFHVVIXOPLVVLRQ
,QWKLVFDVHWKHPLVVLRQLVWRILQGDQGSXUFKDVHDGHVLUHG
LWHPDQGWUDQVSRUWLWKRPH7KHPLVVLRQLQFOXGHVWDNLQJVWHSV
WRDYRLGGLVDSSRLQWPHQWLQVHYHUDOZD\V
7KLV *R%DJLGHDVWDUWHGDIWHU,ORVWPRQH\RQDEDGGHDO
RQDELJDQGKHDY\NLORZDWWGXPP\ORDGLWWXUQHGRXWWR
EH³RSHQ´ ±:<,GHFLGHG,ZRXOGWDNHVWHSVWRDYRLGEX\
LQJ VRPHWKLQJ WKDW UHDOO\ VKRXOG KDYH EHHQ VFUDSSHG E\
WKHVHOOHU
)LUVWLVWKHEDJLWVHOI,XVHHLWKHUDELJGXIIHOEDJRUDEDFN
SDFNVW\OHVDFN%RWKEDJVIHDWXUHVKRXOGHUVWUDSVDVZHOO
DVDFDUU\LQJKDQGOH7KHVKRXOGHUVWUDSVIUHHP\KDQGV
ZKLFKPDNHVEURZVLQJHDVLHU7KHKDQGOHVSURYLGHDQDOWHU
QDWLYHFDUU\LQJPHWKRGWRVKLIWWKHORDGDQGDYRLGIDWLJXHRU
SDLQ6RPHWLPHV,EULQJDIROGLQJOXJJDJHGROO\LI,DPVKRS
SLQJIRUVRPHWKLQJUHDOO\KHDY\RUELJ
3KRWR$7KLV+HDWKNLW6WDWLRQ&RQVROHZDVVRGLUW\,GLGQ¶W
Useful Helpers and Supplies ZDQWWRWRXFKLW3XWWLQJRQVRPHJORYHVDQGSODFLQJWKHLWHP
,SXWDVZHDWHURUVZHDWVKLUWLQVLGHWKHEDJLQFDVH,JHWFROG LQDODUJHWUDVKEDJPDGHPHIHHOEHWWHU
RULI,QHHGWRDGGSDGGLQJWRSURWHFWSXUFKDVHGLWHPV2Q
VXQQ\ GD\V , DGG D KDW IRU SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW WKH 6XQ $
PDJQLI\LQJJODVVRUORXSHFDQDOVREHKHOSIXOIRUDFORVHYLVX LQVWUXPHQWVLQWKHSKRWR,WLVHDV\WRXVHDQG²EHVWRIDOO
DOLQVSHFWLRQ ²LW¶VLQH[SHQVLYH
$SDLURIJORYHVLVKDQG\ZKHQFDUU\LQJKHDY\VKDUSRU 6RPHQRWHVRQWKHWHVWHUV,PDGHDXVHIXOSUREHWRDOOL
GLUW\ LWHPV VXFK DV WKH YLQWDJH +HDWKNLW 6% 6WDWLRQ JDWRUFOLSDGDSWHUIRUWKHSRUWDEOH'00VKRZQLQ3KRWR'
&RQVROH VKRZQ LQ 3KRWRV $ DQG % $OWKRXJK TXLWH GLUW\ , ,WLVDVPDOOOHQJWKRIWHVWOHDGZLUHZLWKDFOLSDQGDSLQMDFN
FRXOGHDVLO\YLVXDOL]HKRZLWZRXOGWXUQRXWZKHQ,FRPSOHW RQWKHRWKHUHQG7KLVDOORZVWKHSUREHVWREHFOLSSHGWRWKH
HGWKHUHVWRUDWLRQ FRPSRQHQWEHLQJWHVWHG
+HDY\GXW\WUDVKEDJVRUER[HVFDQEHNHSWLQWKHYHKLFOH 7KH³6LPSOH0HWHU7HVWHU´ E\:D\QH-6WDQOH\:5'*
WR KHOS FRQWDLQ DQG VHFXUHO\ KROG WKH LWHP LQ WKH WUXQN RU DSSHDUHGLQWKH0DUFKLVVXHRI467 SDJH0\YHU
FDUJRDUHD,WLVDOVRKHOSIXOWRSXWLWHPVLQWKHVHFRQWDLQHUV VLRQVHH3KRWRV( DQG)LVEXLOWLQDSODVWLFHOHFWULFDOER[
WRSURWHFW\RXUYHKLFOH¶VLQWHULRU ZLWKDFRYHUSODWH7RPDNHWKHXQLWPRUHSRUWDEOH,PRXQW
2IWHQ RYHUORRNHG LWHPV IRU P\ 6ZDS 0HHW *R %DJ DUH HGDFHOOSKRQHEHOWFOLSWRWKHEDFNRIWKHFDVH,DOVRPRXQW
VQDFNVDQGZDWHURUVRPHRWKHUEHYHUDJH HGWKHYROWEDWWHU\H[WHUQDOO\WRPDNHFKDQJLQJWKHEDW
WHU\HDVLHUDQGWRSUHYHQWGHDGEDWWHU\FRUURVLRQLQVLGHWKH
Instruments XQLW,WLVIHDWXUHGRQWKHFRYHURI+LQWV .LQNVIRUWKH5DGLR
%DWWHU\SRZHUHGSRUWDEOHWHVWJHDUFDQYHULI\LIDQLWHPLV $PDWHXU WK (GLWLRQ :KHQ VKRSSLQJ IRU DQDORJ
JRRG RU DW OHDVW SURYLGH D TXLFN SUHOLPLQDU\ FKHFN )RU PHWHUV,FOLSWKHWHVWHUWRP\EHOWVR,FDQGRDTXLFNFKHFN
H[DPSOH WKH EDG GXPP\ ORDG PHQWLRQHG LQ P\ H[DPSOH EHIRUHEX\LQJ
FRXOGKDYHEHHQHDVLO\FKHFNHGZLWKDQRKPPHWHU 7KH/&PHWHUNLWIURP$OPRVW$OO'LJLWDO(OHFWURQLFVVKRZQ
3KRWR& VKRZVVRPHRIWKHXVHIXOWHVWHUV,WDNHZLWKPH LQ3KRWR& LVQRORQJHUDYDLODEOHEXWVLPLODUNLWRUSUHEXLOW
RQP\VKRSSLQJPLVVLRQV7KHWHVWJHDU,WDNHGHSHQGVRQ FDSDFLWDQFHLQGXFWDQFHPHWHUVPD\EHDYDLODEOHVXFKDV
ZKDW,DPORRNLQJIRU XQLWVIURP% .)OXNHRU(OHQFR6HDUFKIRU³/&5PHWHU´
&ORFNZLVHLQ3KRWR& IURPOHIWWRULJKW+RPHPDGHPHWHU 2QH LQVWUXPHQW LV TXLFNO\ EHFRPLQJ P\ ³JRWR´ WHVWHU
WHVWHU SRFNHWVL]HG PXOWLPHWHU DQG FDUU\LQJ SRXFK IRUHYHU\WKLQJ,GLVFRYHUHG³7KH&RPSRQHQW7HVWHU´ IURP
JORYHV QRWHSDG DQG SHQ FDSDFLWDQFH DQG LQGXFWDQFH D SRSXODU <RX7XEH FKDQQHO ³((9EORJ´ (OHFWURQLFV
PHWHUPDGHIURPDNLW$QGURLGSKRQHFRPSRQHQWWHVWHU (QJLQHHULQJ9LGHR%ORJKRVWHGE\'DYH-RQHVIURP6\GQH\
,QWKHFHQWHUDERYHWKHSKRQHLVDEXVLQHVVFDUGVL]HG $XVWUDOLD7KHHSLVRGHLV³((9EORJ,V$/&5
JDXJHIRUZDYHJXLGH &RPSRQHQW7HVWHU$Q\*RRG"´
3KRWR& VKRZVVHYHUDOLQVWUXPHQWVWKDWDUHUHGXQGDQW7KH
FRPSRQHQWWHVWHURQWKHERWWRPOHIWFDQUHSODFHDOOWKHRWKHU The Tests
9LVXDOLQVSHFWLRQ $QHDV\WHVWLVDFORVHORRNDWWKHLWHP
\RXDUHWKLQNLQJDERXWEX\LQJ/RRNIRUVXUIDFHUXVWRUFRU
HPDLONKZ]#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! URVLRQLIYDULDEOHSDUWVPRYHVPRRWKO\FUDFNHGRUEURNHQ
/LQNHG,QZZZOLQNHGLQFRPLQZD\QH7\RVKLGD FDELQHWVRUSDUWV$PDJQLI\LQJJODVVRUORXSHFDQEHKHOS

IXO,I\RXUSKRQHRUFDPHUDKDVDPDFUR URGHGRUPD\QRWPRYHVPRRWKO\EXW 5HVLVWDQFH %DFNWRWKHELJGXPP\
RUFORVHXSIXQFWLRQWU\WDNLQJDSLFWXUH GHSHQGLQJRQWKHVHYHULW\RIWKHGH ORDGDJDLQ$VLPSOHUHVLVWDQFHFKHFN
RIWKHGHWDLO\RXZDQWWRH[DPLQHDQG IHFWLWFDQEHHDVLO\IL[HGRUFOHDQHG ZLWKDQRKPPHWHUZRXOGKDYHSUHYHQW
WDNHDORRN $ JRRG FOHDQLQJ DQG OXEULFDWLRQ FDQ HG P\ EX\HU¶V UHPRUVH $Q DQWHQQD
5HJDUGLQJ YLVXDO LQVSHFWLRQ VRPH FRUUHFWWKHSUREOHP GXPP\ORDGLVMXVWDELJRKPUHVLV
GHIHFWV PD\ EH SUHVHQW EXW FDQ EH &RQWLQXLW\±6KRUWHGRU2SHQ ,VDQ WRUDQ5)FRQQHFWRUDQGKHDWVLQN,¶P
UHSDLUHG RU FRUUHFWHG )RU H[DPSOH HDV\WHVWWKDWFDQSUHYHQWSXUFKDVHGLV VWLOO ORRNLQJ IRU D JRRG NLORZDWWUDWHG
DLU YDULDEOH FDSDFLWRUV PD\ EH FRU DSSRLQWPHQW GXPP\ORDGIRUP\ZRUNEHQFK,PD\
MXVWPDNHRQH
&DSDFLWDQFH DQG ,QGXFWDQFH $O
WKRXJKFDSDFLWRUVDQGLQGXFWRUVFDQEH
ERXJKW RQ IDLWK WKDW WKH\ DUH JRRG LW
PD\EHEHVWWRWHVWWKHPEHIRUHEX\LQJ
7KLVDSSOLHVWRIL[HGDVZHOODVYDULDEOH
YHUVLRQV 2IWHQ WKHVH SDUWV IRXQG RQ
WKH VXUSOXV PDUNHW PD\ EH XQPDUNHG
RU KDYH VRPH NLQG RI FRGH QXPEHU
6PDOOLQGXFWRUVPD\ORRNOLNHUHVLVWRUV
VR PDNLQJ VXUH ZKDW¶V EHLQJ VROG LV
LPSRUWDQW$FDSDFLWDQFHLQGXFWDQFH
PHWHUZLOOHDVLO\YHULI\ZKDW¶VZKDW
6RIDUWKHVHVXUSOXVVKRSSLQJKLQWV
DUHIRFXVHGRQFRPSRQHQWV%XWZKDW
DERXW FRPSOHWH SURGXFWV OLNH VWDWLRQ
DFFHVVRULHVUHFHLYHUVWUDQVPLWWHUVRU
WUDQVFHLYHUV"
2WKHUWKDQWDNLQJDFORVHORRNDWWKH
FRVPHWLFDVSHFWVXQIRUWXQDWHO\WKHUHLV
QRWWRRPXFKWRH[DPLQH,KDYHVHHQ
DW OHDVW RQH ORFDO KDP GUDJ DURXQG D
VPDOO JHQHUDWRU DV KH EURZVHV WKH
VZDSPHHWEXW,DPQRWWKDWDPELWLRXV
2QWKHRWKHUKDQGLIWKHXQLWLVVPDOO
3KRWR%+HUH¶VDORRNDWWKHLQVLGH,W¶VUHDOO\GLUW\EXW,YLVXDOL]HGZKDWLWZRXOG DQGEDWWHU\RSHUDWHGVXFKDVD9+)
ORRNOLNHDIWHUUHVWRUDWLRQ 8+) KDQGKHOG VLPSO\ DVNLQJ IRU D
GHPRQVWUDWLRQVKRXOGVXIILFH
)RUODUJHULWHPV,UHFRPPHQGDVNLQJ
ZKHWKHURUQRWWKHUHLVDJXDUDQWHH²
HLWKHU PRQH\ EDFN RU WUDGH IRU VRPH
WKLQJHOVH,IWKLVLVQRWSRVVLEOHLW¶VEHVW
WRSDVVDQGQRWWDNHWKHGHDO2QHPRUH
WKLQJ , GR WR KHOS UHGXFH EX\HU¶V
UHPRUVH/LPLWWKHDPRXQWRIPRQH\WR
VSHQGRQDQ\VXUSOXVLWHPERXJKWIURP
D VWUDQJHU DQG VRPHWLPHV HYHQ
IULHQGV±:<
The Notepad
7KHQRWHSDGLVXVHIXOIRUPDNLQJQRWHV
RQWKHLWHPVSXUFKDVHGDQGIURPZKRP
DQGHVSHFLDOO\DQ\UHIHUHQFHLQIRUPD
WLRQIURPWKHVHOOHUVXFKDVZKHUHWKH
LWHPFDPHIURPRULWVKLVWRU\,WZRXOG
DOVREHDJRRGLGHDWRQRWHKRZPXFK
\RXSDLGIRUWKHLWHPLQFDVH\RXZDQW
WRVHOOLWODWHU
3HUKDSVRQHRIPRVWLPSRUWDQWWKLQJV
LQWKHQRWHSDGLVDOLVWRIZKDW\RXDUH
ORRNLQJ IRU ,W LV H[DFWO\ OLNH JURFHU\
VKRSSLQJ²GRQRWEX\VRPHWKLQJLILW
LVQRWRQ\RXUOLVW2IFRXUVHGHYLDWLQJ
DOLWWOHIURPWKLVFDQEHDFFHSWDEOHDQG
,RIWHQYLRODWHP\RZQUXOHRQWKLV
)RUH[DPSOH,KDYHDVWDQGLQJOLVWRI
YDFXXP WXEH W\SHV IRU P\ &ROOLQV
3KRWR&6LPSOHWHVWJHDULQWKH6ZDS0HHW*R%DJ +HDWKNLW + + 6FRWW DQG 0F,QWRVK

3KRWR ' $ KDQG\ SUREHWRFOLS DGDSWHU OLNH WKLV HQKDQFHV WKH XVHIXOQHVV RI
DQ\PHWHU
3KRWR(0\PHWHUWHVWHULVKRXVHGLQ 3KRWR)7KHEDFNRIWKHPHWHUWHVWHU
D FHQW SODVWLF HOHFWULFDO ER[ 7KH KDV D FHOOSKRQH EHOW FOLS IRU HDV\
EDWWHU\LVH[WHUQDOO\PRXQWHG WUDQVSRUW
JHDU 7KLV KHOSV PH IRFXV RQ WXEHV , FRPHDFURVVDQ\RQHUHIXVLQJP\TXLFN

QHHGUDWKHUWKDQILQGLQJD³JUDEEDJ´ FKHFNEXWVRPHSHRSOHPD\QRWDOORZ
RIPLVFHOODQHRXVWXEHV,PD\QHYHUXVH \RXWRWHVWWKHLWHP,IWKHVHOOHUGRHV
QRWDOORZ\RXWRWHVWWKHLWHPUHVSHFW
The Best Items are “NOS” WKHDQVZHUDQGPRYHRQ
1HZ2OG6WRFN126LVDWHUPRIWHQ
VHHQRQLWHPVIRUVDOHRQH%D\8VXDOO\ Next Steps: Cleaning and
QRWJXDUDQWHHGEHFDXVHRIWKHLWHP¶V Verification Tower Model Price 2019
DJHWKHVHLWHPVFDQEHULVN\WREX\EXW MW-33 $4,350
,QP\PLQGWKHPLVVLRQLVQRWFRPSOHWH WT-51 3,550
FDQEHDYHU\JRRGYDOXH XQWLO WKH LWHPV DUH ILQDOO\ YHULILHG DQG WT-67 5,800
3KRWR* VKRZVDQDVVRUWPHQWRI126 HLWKHULQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRDSURMHFWRUSXW LM-237 2,800
FRPSRQHQWV,UHFHQWO\ERXJKW,SURED DZD\LQVWRUDJH LM-354 5,050
EO\KDYHDWOHDVWOLIHWLPHV¶ ZRUWKRI 7KHILUVWWKLQJ,GRXSRQUHWXUQLQJIURP LM354HDSP 9,050
SDVVLYHFRPSRQHQWVLQVWRFNUHDG\IRU WKH VKRSSLQJ WULS LV D JRRG FOHDQLQJ DX-86 16,450
P\QH[WSURMHFWRUUHSDLUMRE 6LQFHP\ODELVLQP\KRXVHVSDUHEHG LM-470 10,200
URRP,ZDQWWRPDNHVXUH,GRQRWEULQJ
An Etiquette Reminder Visit our website to view
XQZDQWHGFULWWHUVLQVHFWVRURWKHUYHU our product line and pricing!
:KHQWDNLQJVWHSVWRDYRLGGLVDSSRLQW PLQLQWRP\KRXVH
PHQWVWHVWLQJDQ\WKLQJDOZD\VDVNIRU 6LPLODUWRDUHVWRUDWLRQSURMHFW,EUXVK norman@tashtowers.com
SHUPLVVLRQ WR WHVW WKH LWHP RU LWHPV DQGZLSHDZD\WKHGXVWLQVLGHDQGRXW 2765 S. Temperance
EHIRUHSLFNLQJDQ\WKLQJXS,KDYHQHYHU RIXQLWVRUPRGXOHVRUFRPSOHWHSURG Fowler, CA 93625 • 559-834-4300
www.tashtowers.com
On the Cover... 3KRWR*$QDVVRUWPHQWRI126QHZROGVWRFNFRPSRQHQWVIRUIXWXUHSURMHFWV
+HUH¶VZK\\RXVKRXOGDOZD\VVXEPLW
DORJZKHQ\RXRSHUDWHLQDFRQWHVW« 3KRWR+7KH
WKH 6FDQGLQDYLDQ $PDWHXU 5DGLR +HDWKNLW6%
7HOHSULQWHU *URXS 6$57* WHDP DW 6WDWLRQ&RQVROH
($'('LQWKH&DQDU\,VODQGVKDGSUH DIWHUUHIXUELVKPHQW
SDUHGZHOOLQDGYDQFHIRUODVW\HDU¶V&4
:RUOG:LGH577<';&RQWHVWUHVXOWV
DUWLFOH RQ SDJH FRPSOHWH VFRUHV
EHJLQRQSDJH$OOWKHHTXLSPHQW
DQGDQWHQQDVZHUHZRUNLQJZHOO«DQG
WKHQWKHSRZHUZHQWRXWDFURVV7HQHULIH
,VODQGIRURIWKHFRQWHVW¶VKRXUV
%XWWKHJURXSSHUVHYHUHGDQGHQGHGXS
ZLQQLQJ WKHLU FDWHJRU\ PXOWLRSHUDWRU
VLQJOHWUDQVPLWWHU ORZSRZHU QRW RQO\
IRU WKH &DQDU\ ,VODQGV EXW IRU DOO RI
$IULFD %HLQJ WKH RQO\ HQWUDQW IURP
$IULFD LQ WKDW FDWHJRU\ GLGQ¶W KXUW
HLWKHU/HVVRQ6HQGLQ\RXUORJ<RX
MXVWQHYHUNQRZZKHQ\RXPLJKWZLQ
7KHWHDPDW($'('FRQVLVWHGRIILYH
VWDOZDUW 6FDQGLQDYLDQ 577< HQWKXVL
DVWV/5&KDUOLH&DUOVVRQ605*' XFWV7KH6WDWLRQ&RQVROHLVRQHRIP\ ,WDNHWKHLWHPFRPSOHWHO\DSDUWGRZQ
(ZH +DNDQVVRQ 60%+0 $QGHUV IDYRULWH³EDGDQGGLUW\´ SURMHFWV,WZDV WRWKHEDUHFKDVVLV3DUWVWKDWFDQEH
1RUGJUHQ60*;5VWDWLRQRZQHU.DUL VRGLUW\,OHIWLWVHDOHGLQVLGHWKHWUDVK ZDVKHG DUH FOHDQHG LQ DQ XOWUDVRQLF
+LUYRQHQ2+%3DQG9DLQR,VRPDD
EDJ DQG LQ WKH JDUDJH IRU D IHZ GD\V FOHDQHUDQGGHWHUJHQW
2+*,7
EHIRUH,FOHDQHGWKHJULPHRXW 5HPHPEHUWKDWGLUW\6WDWLRQ&RQVROH
($'(' LV ORFDWHG LQ 3XHUWR GH OD
&UX]RQWKHLVODQGRI7HQHULIHDERXW %UXVKHV UDJV DQG D VKRS YDFXXP PHQWLRQHGHDUOLHU"7KHUHVWRUDWLRQZDV
PHWHUV IHHW DERYH VHD OHYHO FOHDQHUUHPRYHVXUIDFHGLUWGXVWVSL D VXFFHVV WKH UHQHZHG YHUVLRQ DS
(TXLSPHQW LQFOXGHV WZR ,&20 WUDQV GHU ZHEV DQG RWKHU SDUWLFOHV 7KLV LV SHDUVLQ3KRWR+
FHLYHUVDQ,&DQGDQ,&D JRRGHQRXJKIRUWKHSUHOLPLQDU\FOHDQ -XVW IRU IXQ -HUL (OOVZRUWK $,7.
%XWWHUQXW+)9YHUWLFDOIRUDQG LQJDQGDVVHVVPHQW LQWHUYLHZHGPHDWWKH%D\$UHD0DNHU
PHWHUV D 6WHSS,5 EHDP IRU WKH ORZHU $IWHUDFOHDQLQJ,SHUIRUPDGGLWLRQDO )DLUHODVW\HDU+HU<RX7XEHYLGHRLV
EDQGVRQDPHWHUIRRWPDVWDQG WHVWV VXFK DV DSSO\LQJ SRZHU WR WKH FDOOHG ³+DP 5DGLR DW 0DNHU )DLUH
DQ ($'(' 0XOWLSOH 5DGLR 0DVWHU XQLWRUWHVWDOOYDFXXPWXEHV,XVHD ´ KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPUOUESU!-HUL
7KDW¶VDVWDWLRQFRQWUROOHUGHVLJQHGDQG UHIXUELVKHG+HDWKNLW7&WRSHUIRUPD LVDQLQYHQWRU0DNHUHQWUHSUHQHXU²
PDQXIDFWXUHGE\.DULWKDWJUHDWO\VLP TXLFNJRQRJRWHVW,IDWXEHLVEDG, DQGQHZO\OLFHQVHGKDP6KHWRRNDQG
SOLILHV VZLWFKLQJ EDQGV UDGLRV DQG GLVSRVHRILW,ILWLVJRRGRQWKH7&, SDVVHGDOODPDWHXUUDGLROLFHQVHH[DPV
DQWHQQDV LQ D PXOWLRS FRQWHVW VHWWLQJ SXWLWLQWRDVWRUDJHELQDQGZLOOODWHUGR LQRQHVLWWLQJ6LQFHWKH%D\$UHD
DQG PDNLQJ VXUH WKDW RQO\ RQH WUDQV VRPHPRUHWKRURXJKWHVWVZLWKP\79 0DNHU)DLUHZDVWKHODVWRQHWKHYLGHR
PLWWHULVRQRQHEDQGDWDWLPH)RULQIRU WXEHWHVWHU LVDQLPSRUWDQWKLVWRULFDOUHFRUG
PDWLRQ VHH WKH ($'(' )DFHERRN )XUWKHU FOHDQLQJ ZLOO KDSSHQ GXULQJ 'R\RXZDQWWRVHHDSDUWLFXODUWRSLF
SDJH &RYHUSKRWRFRXUWHV\RI2+%3 WKH UHIXUELVKPHQW UHVWRUDWLRQ RI WKH LQ WKLV FROXPQ" , DP DOZD\V RSHQ WR
LWHP:KHQGRLQJDUHVWRUDWLRQSURMHFW VXJJHVWLRQV± :D\QH.+:=

Spring is in the Air...
',76 DQG'$+6
7KH1(:6KRUWZDYH
3URSDJDWLRQ+DQGERRN
$ %&
7KHBBBB¶VRI0RUVH&RGH
2SHUDWLQJ
FGV 63(&,$/
6DYHRQ
HDFK&'VH
W
E\:$6.1;; .*.8 +DP5DGLR
E\(G7RELDV.5(
7KLVDXWKRULWDWLYH
0DJD]LQHRQ&'
7KLVVPDOOEXWVROLG
ERRNRQVKRUWZDYH (QMR\DFFHVVWRHYHU\LVVXHRIWKLVSRSXODU
JXLGHLVWKHSHUIHFW
SURSDJDWLRQLV\RXU PDJD]LQHEURNHQGRZQE\\HDUV
UHDGIRUWKRVH
VRXUFHIRUHDV\WR
LQWHUHVWHGLQOHDUQLQJ
XQGHUVWDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ
RULPSURYLQJ&: 2UGHU1R+5&'
RQVXQVSRWDFWLYLW\
RSHUDWLQJWHFKQLTXHV
SURSDJDWLRQSUHGLFWLRQV
XQXVXDOSURSDJDWLRQ
:LWKLQLWVSDJHV\RX¶OOILQG 2UGHU1R+5&'
HIIHFWVDQGGRLW\RXUVHOI
7KHVHFUHWRIEHFRPLQJDSURILFLHQW
IRUHFDVWLQJWLSV
&:2SHUDWRU
2UGHU1R+5&'
; 3DSHUEDFN :KHUHDQGKRZWRSUDFWLFH
&' 9HUVLRQ SUDFWLFHSUDFWLFH
6WUDLJKW.H\RU3DGGOH"
216$/(RQO\HD
%X\ERWKIRURQO\ $GMXVWLQJ\RXU6WUDLJKW.H\RU3DGGOH %X\$OO6HWVDQG6DYH
.H\HUV,DPELF.H\LQJDQG%XJV 2UGHU1R+5&' 6HW
&RQWHVWV (YHQWV';LQJ
6ORSHU$QWHQQDV &:)LOWHUVDQGPXFKPRUH 5HJ
E\-XHUJHQ$:HLJO2(&:/ ;3DSHUEDFN
6LQJOHDQG0XOWL(OHPHQW
'LUHFWLYH$QWHQQDVIRU
WKH/RZ%DQGV ³*HWWLQJ6WDUWHG´'9' 3DNV
2XUUHQRZQHG³*HWWLQJ6WDUWHGÝLGHRV 2Q6$/(
:LWKFDOFXODWLRQVDQG
SUDFWLFDOH[SHULHQFH JURXSHGWRJHWKHURQ'9'V
WKLVERRNVKRZVZKLFK
EDVLFFRQFHSWVKDYHWR &4 +DP5DGLR &4 9+) 6SHFLDOW\3DN
EHFRQVLGHUHGIRU :HOFRPH3DN '9' FRQWDLQVSURJUDPV
*HWWLQJ6WDUWHGLQ6DWHOOLWHV
VORSHUDQWHQQDVIRUWKH '9'FRQWDLQVSURJUDPV
+DP5DGLR+RUL]RQV *HWWLQJ6WDUWHGLQ 9+)
ORZEDQGV *HWWLQJ6WDUWHGLQ3DFNHW
*HWWLQJ6WDUWHGLQ+DP5DGLR
*HWWLQJ6WDUWHGLQ 9+) 2UGHU9+)'9'
;3DSHUEDFN 2UGHU+$0'9'
&' 9HUVLRQ %X\DQ\FRPELQDWLRQRI'9'V
%X\ERWKIRURQO\ &4 +)6SHFLDOW\3DN DQG6$9(
'9' FRQWDLQVSURJUDPV 3DNIRU
*HWWLQJ6WDUWHGLQ';LQJ
*HWWLQJ6WDUWHGLQ &RQWHVWLQJ 3DNVIRU
2UGHU+)'9' 3DNVIRU
SKLSSLQJ +DQGOLQJ86DGGIRUWKHILUVWLWHPIRUWKHVHFRQGDQGIRUHDFKDGGLWLRQDO
$OO2WKHU&RXQWULHVIRUILUVWLWHPIRUVHFRQGDQGIRUHDFKDGGLWLRQDO
CQ Communications, Inc.
&DOORU)$;\RXURUGHUWR
KWWSVWRUHFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP
LEARNING CURVE
BY RON OCHU, KOØZ
Lightning Protection
LJKWQLQJ,W¶VDQDWXUDOSKHQRPHQRQ IURP0LVVRXUL(DUOLHULQWKHDIWHUQRRQ PLQXWHVODWHUZHQWWRP\47+WRFKHFN
L WKDW³VSDUNV´ HYHU\KDPUDGLRRSHU
DWRU¶VLQWHUHVW,W¶VQRWSRVVLEOHWR
EHLQRXUKREE\YHU\ORQJEHIRUHKHDU
P\QHLJKERUKHOSHGPHWULPP\VXJDU
PDSOHWUHHEDFNIURPP\WRZHU,WZDV
DVXQQ\KRWDQGKXPLGGD\VRDIWHU
P\VKDFN
Ozone and Dielectric

LQJ ³KRUURU VWRULHV´ LQYROYLQJ KDP QRRQWKXQGHUVWRUPVZHUHDSRVVLELOLW\ $VVRRQDV,HQWHUHGP\KRPH,QRWLFHG
IULHQGV¶ XQIRUWXQDWH HQFRXQWHUV ZLWK $IWHU ZH ILQLVKHG WKH WUHH WULPPLQJ LW WKDW DOO WKH OLJKWV ZHUH RII ³+PP «
0RWKHU 1DWXUH¶V HOHFWULF SHUVRQDOLW\ ZDVWLPHIRUGLQQHU$QLFHSDVWDGLVK PXVWEHWKHFLUFXLWEUHDNHU´ ,WKRXJKW
0DUFKLVXSRQXVDQGWKLVPRQWKKHU DQGD³FROGRQH´ WRZDVKLWDOOGRZQLQ WRP\VHOI,JUDEEHGDIODVKOLJKWKHDG
DOGVVSULQJWLPHDWLPHIRUFROGDLUPDVV DLUFRQGLWLRQHG FRPIRUW ZDV MXVW WRR HGGRZQVWDLUVWRWKHEDVHPHQW0\FLU
HV WR FROOLGH ZLWK ZDUPHU KXPLG DLU LQYLWLQJ,QIDFWLWZDVVRUHOD[LQJWKDW FXLWEUHDNHUDQGKDPVKDFNZHUHDWWKH
PDVVHV 7KHVH ³FROOLVLRQV´ UHVXOW LQ , EDUHO\ KHDUG WKH DSSURDFKLQJ WKXQ IRRWRIWKHVWDLUV7KUHHIRXUWKVRIWKH
VWRUP\ ZHDWKHU DQG WKDW PHDQV OLJKW GHUFODSV6XGGHQO\WKHUHZDVDEULJKW ZD\GRZQWKHVWDLUFDVH,FRXOGVPHOO
QLQJ GLVFKDUJHV /LJKWQLQJ LV DZH IODVK RI OLJKW RXWVLGH WKH GLQLQJ URRP WKHXQPLVWDNDEOHDURPDRIR]RQHDQG
LQVSLULQJDQGIDVFLQDWLQJWRZDWFKIURP ZLQGRZ DQG DQ LPPHGLDWH H[SORVLRQ PHOWHGGLHOHFWULF1RWDJRRGVLJQ-XVW
DIDU1RWVRPXFKZKHQWKH7VWRUPLV RYHUKHDG DV,VXVSHFWHGWKHFLUFXLWEUHDNHUSDQHO
RYHUKHDGDQGWKXQGHUFODSVVKDNH\RXU 0\QHLJKERUDVNHG³:KDWZDVWKDW"´ ZDVWULSSHG,VZLWFKHGDOOWKHFLUFXLWV
47+ORFDWLRQZKLOH\RXKRSH\RXFDQ ,DOUHDG\NQHZWKHDQVZHU,UHSOLHG DQGP\KRPH¶VOLJKWLQJDQGDLUFRQGL
GRGJHDQRWKHUEXOOHW ³,W ZDV D OLJKWQLQJ VWULNH DQG ZD\ WRR WLRQLQJFDPHEDFNRQ
FORVHIRUFRPIRUW´ ,ORRNHGDWP\WRZHU ,ORRNHGLQP\VKDFNDQG,QRWLFHGWKDW
Personal Interest DQWHQQD3KRWR$DQGKRXVHIURPP\ VRPHRIP\FRD[FRQQHFWRUVKDGEHHQ
)RUWKHILUVW\HDUVRIP\KDPUDGLR QHLJKERU¶V ZLQGRZ 1RWKLQJ VHHPHG EORZQRIIWKHFDEOHHQGVDQGZHUHQRZ
FDUHHU , ZDV IRUWXQDWH , GRGJHG WKH DPLVVPHOWHGRUVPRNLQJIURPWKHRXW O\LQJ RQ WKH IORRU VFDUUHG ZLWK EXUQ
OLJKWQLQJ EXOOHW HYHU\ WLPH , ZRXOG VLGH,ILQLVKHGP\SDVWDSODWHDQG PDUNV0\FRPSXWHUZRXOGQRWWXUQRQ
XQSOXJ P\ FRD[ DQG HYHQ SXW WKH 3/
SOXJFRD[FRQQHFWRULQWRDJODVV
PDVRQMDUZKHQHYHU,KHDUGWKXQGHURU
,NQHZ,ZRXOGEHDZD\IURPKRPHIRU
DQ H[WHQGHG WLPH 2UZHOO LV ULJKW
³,JQRUDQFHLVEOLVV´
%XWLJQRUDQFHLVDIDOVHVHQVHRIVHFX
ULW\2YHUWKH\HDUVDV,SURFXUHG³JRRG
KDPUDGLRGHDOV´ ,HUHFWHGDWRZHUDQG
SRSXODWHG LW ZLWK DOXPLQXP DQWHQQDV
7KHWRZHUDQGDQWHQQDVWHQGWRDFWOLNH
%HQMDPLQ )UDQNOLQ¶V OLJKWQLQJ URG
WKHUHE\LQFUHDVLQJWKHRGGVRIJHWWLQJ
VWUXFN2IFRXUVH,WRRNWKHVWDQGDUG
SUHFDXWLRQVLQUHJDUGVWRJURXQGLQJP\
VWDWLRQ , GURYH DQ IRRW FRSSHU FODG
JURXQGLQJURGLQWRWKHJURXQGQH[WWR
P\WRZHUDQGFRQQHFWHGDJURXQGVWUDS
WR WKH URG , ZDV SURWHFWHG 2U VR ,
WKRXJKW$IWHUDOOP\IRRWWRZHUKDG
EHHQ XS IRU ZHOO RYHU \HDUV DQG
QXPHURXV WKXQGHUVWRUPV ODWHU QRW D
VLQJOHKLW
My Turn…
,FOHDUO\UHPHPEHUWKH\HDU-XO\
,WZDVMXVWDOLWWOHRYHUDZHHNEHIRUHWKH
&HQWUDO 6WDWHV 9+) 6RFLHW\¶V DQQXDO
FRQIHUHQFH LQ :LQQLSHJ 0DQLWRED ,
ZDVORRNLQJIRUZDUGWRLW
+RZHYHU VRPH WRZHU PDLQWHQDQFH
ZDVLQRUGHUEHIRUHOHDYLQJIRU&DQDGD
3KRWR$$XWKRU¶V+)<DJLRQWRSRIKLVWRZHUDWKLV47+LQ0LVVRXUL$OO
(PDLONR]#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! SKRWRVE\.2=XQOHVVQRWHG

P\ $& DOWHUQDWLQJ FXUUHQW WR '& FRQGXFWRUHOHPHQWVIURPVZLWFKLQJDQG ULJZHUHFRQQHFWHGWRFRD[DWWKHWLPH
GLUHFWFXUUHQW$VWURQ0SRZHUVXS LQGXFHGOLJKWQLQJVXUJHV´ RIWKHVWULNH+RZHYHUWKH\ZHUHFRQ
SO\ZDVXVHOHVV1RQHRIP\ULJVZHUH ,DPKHUHWRWHOO\RXWKDWLVWUXHXSWR QHFWHGWRP\$VWURQ0SRZHUVXSSO\
RSHUDEOH 0\ 3HHW %URWKHUV ZHDWKHU DSRLQWEXWGRQ¶WEHIRROLVKHQRXJKOLNH DQGLWZDVSOXJJHGLQWRWKHKRXVHKROG
VWDWLRQ FRPSXWHU ZDV RXW RI FRPPLV ,ZDVWREDQNRQLW:KHQ,RSHQHGWKH HOHFWULFDO RXWOHW $Q\WKLQJ WKDW ZDV
VLRQ$ERXWWKHRQO\WKLQJLQWKHVKDFN VXUJHSURWHFWRU3KRWR&DOO,IRXQGZDV SOXJJHGLQWRWKHVKDFN¶VKRXVHKROGFXU
WKDWZRUNHGZHUHWKHRYHUKHDGOLJKWV WZRWKLQVROGHUOHDGVZKHUHWKH029 UHQWZDVIULHGLQWHUQDOO\0\URWRUFRQ
$OWKRXJK QRQH RI P\ HTXLSPHQW ZDV KDGEHHQ6RZKHUHZDVLW"7KHYROW WURO P\ UDGLRV P\ WHOHYLVLRQ DQG P\
FRQQHFWHG WR DQ\ RXWVLGH DQWHQQDV , DJH FXUUHQW VXUJH IURP WKH OLJKWQLQJ GHVNWRS 3& $OWKRXJK P\ DQWHQQDV
KDGQRWGLVFRQQHFWHGDQ\RIP\HTXLS VWULNHYDSRUL]HGWKH029DQG,IRXQG ZHUHXQSOXJJHGIURPWKHULJVQRWDOORI
PHQWIURPWKHKRXVHKROG$&,GLGKDYH WKHHQWLUHLQVLGHRIWKHHQFORVXUHZDV P\ULJVZHUHJURXQGHGWRDVLQJOHSRLQW
VXUJHSURWHFWRUVRQHDFK$&RXWOHW FRDWHGZLWKWKHIRUPHU029,WYDOLDQW JURXQG 7KH OLJKWQLQJ VXUJH VRXJKW
, KDG QRZ ORFDWHG WKH VRXUFH RI WKH O\WULHGWRGRLWVMREEXWLWZDVYDSRUL]HG JURXQG ,W IRXQG JURXQG WKURXJK P\
R]RQHDQGEXUQWGLHOHFWULFVPHOO$VUHDO LQ WKH RYHUSRZHULQJ SURFHVV DQG WKH KRPH¶VHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPJURXQG
LW\EHJDQWRVHWWOHLQ,ZDVFXULRXVWRILQG OLJKWQLQJVXUJHWRRNLWDQGP\SUHFLRXV 1RWRQO\ZHUHP\VKDFN¶VHOHFWURQLFV
RXWZK\KDGP\SOXJLQVRFNHW$&VXUJH KDPUDGLRJHDUWRREOLYLRQ029VDUH GDPDJHGRUGHVWUR\HGP\JDUDJHGRRU
SURWHFWRUVIDLOHG"$&OLQHVXUJHSURWHF ILQH IRU W\SLFDO HOHFWULFDO OLQH YROWDJH RSHQHUPRWRU¶VHOHFWURQLFFRQWUROERDUG
WRUVXVH029V3KRWR%$FFRUGLQJWR WUDQVLHQWVFDXVHGE\YROWDJHGHPDQGV ZDV GHVWUR\HG DQG P\ KRPH VWHUHR
:LNLSHGLD ³$ 0HWDO 2[LGH 9DULVWRU RU DQGORDGVKLIWVEXWGRQ¶WFRXQWRQWKHP V\VWHPDQGWHOHYLVLRQQHHGHGUHSODFH
029LVDYROWDJHGHSHQGHQWQRQOLQHDU IRUOLJKWQLQJSURWHFWLRQ PHQW,WKRXJKW,KDGOLVWHGHYHU\WKLQJ
GHYLFHWKDWSURYLGHVH[FHOOHQWWUDQVLHQW GDPDJHGIRUP\LQVXUDQFHFODLP1RW
YROWDJH VXSSUHVVLRQ 7KH 0HWDO 2[LGH Further Damage VR:KHQ,IOHZWRWKH&69+)6
9DULVWRU LV GHVLJQHG WR SURWHFW YDULRXV 1RQHRIP\UDGLRVD.HQZRRG76 FRQIHUHQFH LQ :LQQLSHJ DIWHU ZH
W\SHV RI HOHFWURQLF GHYLFHV DQG VHPL DQGD.HQZRRGGXDOEDQG9+)8+) UHDFKHGFUXLVLQJDOWLWXGH,SOXJJHGP\
KHDGSKRQHV LQWR P\ 6RQ\ &' SOD\HU
UHPHPEHU WKRVH" RQO\ WR ILQG RXW LW
GLGQ¶WZRUN,HYHQSXWLQQHZEDWWHULHV
6XGGHQO\LWGDZQHGRQPHWKDWP\&'
SOD\HUKDGEHHQSOXJJHGLQWRDZDOOZDUW
3KRWR'LQP\EHGURRPDQGWKHOLJKW
LQJVWULNHHYHQWRRNWKDWRXW,WVHUYHG
DVDFUXHOUHPLQGHUWKDWGHVSLWHP\GLOL
JHQWHIIRUWV,KDGQ¶WGLVFRYHUHGHYHU\
FDVXDOW\6WLOO,ZDVOXFN\,KDGQ¶WVXI
IHUHG D VWUXFWXUDO ILUH DQG P\ PDMRU
DSSOLDQFHVZHUHVWLOOZRUNLQJ%XWZKDW
DERXWP\DQWHQQDV"
Point of Entry
:KHQ,UHWXUQHGIURP&DQDGD,ORZHUHG
P\DQWHQQDVIURPWKHWRZHUWRWHVWWKHP
0\ PHWHU DQG FHQWLPHWHU <DJLV
ZHUHILQH8QIRUWXQDWHO\,FRXOGQ¶W PDNH
WKHVDPHFODLPUHJDUGLQJP\0RVOH\7$
+)<DJL,FRXOGVHHEXUQPDUNVDQG
VRPHVFRULQJRQWKH7$¶VGULYHQHOH
PHQWWKDWZDVDWWDFKHGWRWKHFRD[FHQ
WHUFRQGXFWRU7KHVKLHOGVLGHRIWKHGUL
3KRWR%7KHEOXHGLVFVDUHPHWDOR[LGHYDULVWRUV029V7KH\DUHDILQHDGGL YHQ HOHPHQW ORRNHG ILQH %XW XSRQ
WLRQWRDKDPVKDFNEXWGRQ¶WUHO\RQWKHPVROHO\DVILUVWOLQHGHIHQVHDJDLQVW IXUWKHULQVSHFWLRQ,GLVFRYHUHGWKHWUDS
KLJKYROWDJHVLQGXFHGE\OLJKWQLQJ&RXUWHV\RI:LNLPHGLD&RPPRQV SDUDOOHOWXQHG FLUFXLW WKDW ORRNV OLNH D
FDQLVWHU ZDV YDSRUL]HG :KHQ , UH
PRYHGWKHWUDS¶VRXWHUDOXPLQXPFRY
HULQJWKH5)FRLOZDVSDUWLDOO\JRQH7KH
5) FRLO WKDW UHPDLQHG DOWHUQDWHG EH
WZHHQEHLQJEODFNHQHGRUYDSRUL]HG,
FRXOG WHOO ZKHUH WKH FRLO VWDUWHG DQG
HQGHGEXWHYHU\WKLQJLQWKHPLGGOHZDV
JRQH:KHUHGLGLWJR"7KHDOXPLQXP
VOHHYHSURYLGHGWKHDQVZHU,QVLGHWKH
VOHHYH,FRXOGVHHZKDWUHPDLQHGRIWKH
FRLO LQ LWV YDSRUL]HG IRUP FRDWLQJ WKH
LQWHULRURIWKHVOHHYHWKDWRQFHKRXVHG
3KRWR&$SRZHUVWULSZLWKVXUJHSURWHFWLRQ7KHVXUJHSURWHFWLRQLVSURYLGHGE\ WKHHQWLUH5)FRLOWUDS,KDGQRZGLV
D029'RQ¶WEHOXOOHGLQWRWKLQNLQJWKDW\RXUVKDFN¶VHTXLSPHQWLVIXOO\SURWHFW FRYHUHGWKHSRLQWRIHQWU\,GLGQ¶WHYHQ
HGDJDLQVWOLJKWQLQJLQGXFHGYROWDJHVXUJHV&RXUWHV\RI:LNLPHGLD&RPPRQV ERWKHUWRFKHFNWKHFRD[EHFDXVHDORQJ

LWV OHQJWK , FRXOG VHH KROHV EXUQHG
WKURXJK WKH RXWHU MDFNHW $OOLQDOO , 6LQJOH3RLQW*URXQG
OXFNHG RXW 0\ OLJKWQLQJ VWULNH FRXOG
KDYHEHHQPRUHVHYHUH
Assessment
7KHUH¶V QRWKLQJ OLNH D IULHG VKDFN WR
SURYLGHWKHLPSHWXVIRUDVVHVVPHQWDQG
LPSURYHPHQW ,Q D ZRUG P\ VKDFN
JURXQGLQJ VWXQN , KDG WDNHQ SUHFDX
WLRQVDQGOXOOHGP\VHOILQWRWKLQNLQJWKDW
,ZDVUHDVRQDEO\SURWHFWHG1RXVHFU\
LQJRYHUVSLOOHGPLONRULQP\FDVHIULHG
KDP HTXLSPHQW &RQVHTXHQWO\ ,
EURXJKW VRPH RI P\ EXUQHG SDUWV WR
VKDUHP\H[SHULHQFHZLWKP\ORFDOUDGLR
FOXE 6LQFH WKHQ ,¶YH OHDUQHG D JUHDW
GHDO PRUH UHJDUGLQJ OLJKWQLQJ VWULNHV )LJXUH$VLQJOHSRLQWJURXQGV\VWHPLVWKHVDIHVWDQGUHFRPPHQGHGZD\WR
DQGKRZWRPLWLJDWHOLJKWQLQJGDPDJH HQVXUHDOO\RXUHTXLSPHQWLVDWWKHVDPHSRWHQWLDODVHDUWKJURXQG
7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO WDNHDZD\V EXW WKH
WZRPRVWLPSRUWDQWDUH
)LUVW KDYH D VLQJOHSRLQW HDUWK
JURXQGV\VWHP)LJXUH'RQRW XVHD 'DLV\&KDLQ*URXQG
GDLV\FKDLQJURXQG)LJXUHEHFDXVH
HDFKSLHFHRIHTXLSPHQWUHOLHVRQWKH
RWKHU SLHFH IRU JURXQGLQJ DQG QRW DOO
WKHPPD\EHDWWKHVDPHJURXQGSRWHQ
WLDO7KDW¶VDUHFLSHIRUDZKROHKRVWRI
SUREOHPVLQFOXGLQJJURXQGORRSV
6HFRQGLVWRNHHSOLJKWQLQJLQGXFHG
YROWDJHRXWRIWKHVKDFN
/LJKWQLQJVWULNHGDPDJHRFFXUVZKHQ
WKHUH LV D VLJQLILFDQW YROWDJH SRWHQWLDO
EHWZHHQ \RXU VKDFN DQG DQ HDUWK
JURXQG ,I \RX FRXOG LQVWDQWDQHRXVO\
UDLVHWKHSRWHQWLDORI\RXUVKDFNWRWKDW
RIWKHOLJKWLQJVWULNHWKHQ\RXZRXOGQ¶W
KDYHDSUREOHP2EYLRXVO\WKDW¶VQRW
IHDVLEOH ,QVWHDG H[SHUWV UHFRPPHQG )LJXUH'DLV\FKDLQJURXQGLQJLVQRW JRRGJURXQGLQJ(DFKSLHFHRIHTXLSPHQW
EXLOGLQJDVLQJOHSRLQWJURXQGIRU\RXU PD\EHDWDGLIIHUHQWYROWDJHSRWHQWLDOWKDWFDQFDXVHDZKROHKRVWRISUREOHPV
VKDFN (DFK WRZHU OHJ QHHGV WR EH VXFKDV5)IHHGEDFNJURXQGORRSVDQGDSRWHQWLDOO\SRRUHDUWKJURXQGWRDOORI
DWWDFKHG WR WKH HDUWK JURXQG (DFK WKHHTXLSPHQW
DQWHQQD QHHGV WR EH DWWDFKHG WR WKH
VDPHJURXQGDVGRHV\RXUVKDFNDQG DJHVDQGFXUUHQWVPD\QRWEHDVVWURQJ WDQFH,IRQHUHTXLULQJZLUHLVXVHGWKHQ
KRPHHOHFWULFDOVHUYLFH)RUPRUHLQIRU DV D GLUHFW KLW WKH\ FDQ QRQHWKHOHVV WKHFRQGXFWRUZLUHEUDLGVWUDSQHHGV
PDWLRQ,KLJKO\UHFRPPHQGUHDGLQJWKH ZUHDNKDYRF7RLQFUHDVH\RXUFKDQFHV WREHDVVKRUWDVSRVVLEOH5HPHPEHU
H[FHOOHQWERRN*URXQGLQJDQG%RQGLQJ RI ULJ VXUYLYDO FRD[LDO ³OLJKWQLQJ SUR \RXUOLJKWQLQJSURWHFWRULVRQO\DVHIIHF
IRUWKH5DGLR$PDWHXUE\:DUG6LOYHU WHFWRUV VXUJH SURWHFWRUV´ FDQ KHOS , WLYHDV\RXUVLQJOHSRLQWJURXQG
1$; SXEOLVKHG E\ $55/ VHH GLVOLNH WKH WHUP OLJKWQLQJ ³SURWHFWRU´ 7KHQH[WFULWHULRQWRFRQVLGHULVKRZ
KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPXYUUUU! EHFDXVH ZLWKRXW D JRRG VLQJOHSRLQW TXLFNO\WKHGHYLFHZLOOUHVSRQGWRDOLJKW
JURXQG V\VWHP DQ\ SURWHFWLRQ LW PD\ QLQJVWULNH/LJKWQLQJSURWHFWRUVHTXLS
Shack Entry RIIHULVVHYHUHO\PLQLPL]HG SHGZLWKJDVGLVFKDUJHWXEHVSHOOHWV
2QFH WKH JURXQG LV LQ SODFH WKH QH[W UHDFWWRDOLJKWQLQJKLWYHU\TXLFNO\W\S
VWHSLVWRNHHSDVPXFKRIWKHOLJKWQLQJ Lightning Surge Protectors LFDOO\WRPLFURVHFRQGVDQGVRPH
VWULNH YROWDJH RXWVLGH RI WKH VKDFN 7KH FRPPHUFLDO KDP UDGLR PDUNHW EUDQGVRIIHUWXEHSHOOHWUHSODFHPHQWV
ZKHUHLWEHORQJV6WUDQJHWKLQJVKDS RIIHUVDORWRIOLJKWQLQJVXUJHSURWHFWRU 5HFHQWO\ D 3RO\3KDVHU HQJLQHHU LQ
SHQ ZKHQ OLJKWQLQJ VHHNV JURXQG FKRLFHV7KHUHDUHVRPHLPSRUWDQWFUL IRUPHGPHWKDWOLJKWQLQJSURWHFWRUVZLWK
&RQVHTXHQWO\JLYHOLJKWQLQJDVGLUHFWD WHULDWRFRQVLGHUZKHQORRNLQJDWDOOWKH LQGXFWRUILOWHUSURWHFWLRQUHVSRQGHYHQ
SDWK WR JURXQG DV \RX FDQ DIIRUG DYDLODEOH FKRLFHV )LUVW LV KRZ HDVLO\ PRUH TXLFNO\ QDQRVHFRQGV WR OLJKW
9ROWDJHVDQGFXUUHQWIURPQHDUE\OLJKW DQGHIIHFWLYHO\FDQWKHOLJKWQLQJSURWHF QLQJVWULNHVWKDQWKHJDVSHOOHWRQHV
QLQJVWULNHVFDQEHLQGXFHGLQWRQHDUE\ WRUEHDWWDFKHGWRJURXQG"0\SUHIHU $QRWKHUFULWHULRQWREHDZDUHRILVWKH
FRQGXFWRUVVXFKDVFRD[LDOFDEOHVDQG HQFHLVWRDWWDFKWKHGHYLFHGLUHFWO\WR GHYLFH¶V IUHTXHQF\ UHVSRQVH DQG 5)
URWRU FDEOHV MXVW WR QDPH D IHZ JURXQG'HYLFHVWKDWXVHZLUHVWRFRQ UDGLRIUHTXHQF\ZDWWDJHUDWLQJ:KDW
$OWKRXJK WKHVH OLJKWQLQJLQGXFHG YROW QHFWWRJURXQG3KRWR(FDQDGGLQGXF UDQJHRI5)IUHTXHQFLHVZLOOWKHLQOLQH

FRD[LDOOLJKWQLQJVXUJHSURWHFWRURSHUDWHZLWKLQ")RUH[DPSOH OLJKWQLQJZDV%HQMDPLQ)UDQNOLQ¶VNLWHH[SHULPHQWVLQ
DQLQOLQH5)OLJKWQLQJSURWHFWRUPD\RQO\EHJRRGWR0+] +RZHYHULWZDVLQWKDW<DOH8QLYHUVLW\GHVFULEHGWKH
ZLWKDQ5)ZDWWDJHUDWLQJRIZDWWV,I\RX¶UHUXQQLQJDQ XVHRIWKHILUVWVSDUNJDSSURWHFWLRQVROXWLRQ7KHGRFXPHQW
+)DPSOLILHUEHWWHUWRJHWDSURWHFWRUUDWHGKLJKHUWKDQWKH XVHV)UDQNOLQ¶VH[SHULPHQWWRKDUQHVVWKHHQHUJ\RIDOLJKW
DPSOLILHU¶VRXWSXW%HVXUHWRJHWDSURWHFWRUWKDWZLOOZRUNRQ QLQJVWRUP7KHNLWHZDVWLHGWRDQLQVXODWHGSRVWZKHUHWKH
WKHIUHTXHQF\EDQG\RX¶UHRSHUDWLQJ,QDGGLWLRQWR+)KLJK PHWDOOLFVWULQJJRLQJWRWKHNLWHZDVFRQQHFWHGWRDEUDVVEDOO
IUHTXHQF\GHYLFHVWKHUHDUHSURWHFWRUVUDWHGIRU9+)YHU\ RQWKHSRVW$VHFRQGEUDVVEDOOZDVJURXQGHGZLWKDLQFK
KLJKIUHTXHQF\DOOWKHZD\WKURXJKWRPLFURZDYHVDWYDULRXV JDSEHWZHHQLWDQGWKHLVRODWHGEDOO,IWKHHQHUJ\RQWKHNLWH
SRZHURXWSXWOHYHOV$QRWKHUQRWHEHVXUHWRJHWWKHSURWHF VWULQJEHFDPHWRRLQWHQVHDQDUFZRXOGRFFXUEHWZHHQWKH
WRUZLWKWKHFRUUHFWFRD[LDOFRQQHFWRUVIRU\RXUDSSOLFDWLRQHJ WZREUDVVEDOOVWRFRQGXFWWKHHQHUJ\WRJURXQG´ 3KRWR)
62IHPDOHPDOH1W\SHFRQQHFWRUIHPDOHPDOHHWF
Lightning Protection Origins

5HVHDUFKLQJWKLVDUWLFOH,FDPHDFURVVDQLQWHUHVWLQJWLGELW
RI LQIRUPDWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ WKH RULJLQV RI OLJKWQLQJ SURWHFWLRQ
RQ WKH 0RXVHU (OHFWURQLFV ZHEVLWH KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP
XWIM! ³7KH HDUOLHVW UHIHUHQFH WR H[SHULPHQWV LQYROYLQJ
3KRWR'7\SLFDO³ZDOOZDUWÍRXQGLQDQ\KDPVKDFN7KLV 3KRWR ) $UWLVW¶V GHSLFWLRQ RI %HQMDPLQ )UDQNOLQ¶V IDPRXV

RQHFKDUJHVD'05'LJLWDO0RELOH5DGLRKDQGKHOG OLJKWQLQJ H[SHULPHQW XVLQJ D NLWH DQG D NH\ &RXUWHV\ RI
:LNLPHGLD&RPPRQV
3KRWR*3RO\3KDVHUVXUJHSURWHFWRUZLWKDJDVGLVFKDUJH
WXEH*'77KHRQHSLFWXUHGLVUDWHG0+]DWNLOR
ZDWWV0+]DWZDWWVDQG0+]DW
3KRWR(0)-FRD[LDOVXUJHSURWHFWRU1RWHWKHVFUHZDQG ZDWWV 7KLV PRGHO ,68;&2 KDV IHPDOH 62 FRD[
ZDVKHUWRDWWDFKDJURXQGLQJZLUH,W¶VKLJKO\UHFRPPHQG FRQQHFWRUV1RWHWKHIODQJHWKDWFDQEHHDVLO\FRQQHFWHGWR
HGWRNHHSZLUHOHQJWKVVKRUW DEXVSDQHOWKHUHE\HQVXULQJDJRRGJURXQGFRQQHFWLRQ

3KRWR , 3RO\3KDVHU PDNHV VXUJH SURWHFWRUV IRU DQWHQQD
3KRWR + , XVH DQ DOXPLQXP VKHHW WR FRQQHFW DOO P\ URWRUFRQWUROFDEOHV'RQ¶WIRUJHWWRLQFOXGHWKHURWRUFDEOHV
3RO\3KDVHUVXUJHSURWHFWRUV$OOP\3RO\3KDVHUVDUHDWWKH LQ\RXURYHUDOOJURXQGLQJGHVLJQ
VDPHJURXQGSRWHQWLDO$JURXQGZLUHWRDQIRRWFRSSHU
JURXQGLQJURGRXWVLGHWKHVKDFNLVERQGHGWRWKHDOXPLQXP
SODWH$QRWKHUJURXQGLQJZLUHFRQQHFWVWRDLQFKFRSSHU
ZDWHUSLSHZKLFKVHUYHVDVDJURXQGEXVIRUDOOP\VWDWLRQ
HTXLSPHQW
6SDUN JDS GLVFKDUJH LV VWLOO HPSOR\HG WRGD\ EXW FRD[LDO

VXUJH SURWHFWLRQ QRZ XVHV *'7 JDVGLVFKDUJH WXEH DQG
LQGXFWRUILOWHUSURWHFWLRQ
GDT
*DVGLVFKDUJHWXEHVRUSHOOHWVKDYHDQLQHUWJDVHQFORVXUH
EHWZHHQ WKH FRD[¶V FHQWHU FRQGXFWRU DQG JURXQG :KLOH
WUDQVPLWWLQJWKURXJKWKHOLJKWQLQJVXUJH*'7SURWHFWRUWKH
5)LVQRWDIIHFWHGE\WKHJDVWXEHSHOOHW+RZHYHUZKHQD
KLJKHQRXJKWKUHVKROGYROWDJHLVUHDFKHGWKHJDVLRQL]HV
DQGZLWKLQPLFURVHFRQGVWKHFHQWHUFRQGXFWRUZLOOFRQGXFW
WR JURXQG 7KH JDV GLVFKDUJH WXEHV DUH GHVLJQHG WR ZLWK
VWDQGPDQ\LPSXOVHVZLWKRXWGHVWUXFWLRQRUORVVRIWKHLQLWLDO
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVW\SLFDOLPSXOVHWHVWVDUHWLPHV[NLOR
DPSVLPSXOVHVIRUHDFKSRODULW\7KHVHFRQGVXUJHSURWHF
WLRQPHWKRGXVHVDQLQGXFWRUILOWHUV\VWHPWKDWUHDFWVHYHQ
PRUH TXLFNO\ QDQRVHFRQGV 3RO\3KDVHU PDNHV OLJKWQLQJ
VXUJH SURWHFWRUV DQG WKH FRPSDQ\ RIIHUV JUHDW VXSSRUW
3KRWR*,KLJKO\UHFRPPHQGWKHLURQOLQHWHFKQLFDODUWLFOHV
IRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPYX[QVV!
Lightning Surge Protector Sources

6HYHUDO KDP UDGLR YHQGRUV VWRFN FRPPHUFLDOO\PDQXIDF
WXUHGOLJKWQLQJVXUJHSURWHFWRUV$OSKD'HOWD'LDPRQG0)-
3RO\3KDVHU DQG 7LPHV 0LFURZDYH DUH VRPH RI WKH ZHOO
NQRZQPDQXIDFWXUHUV7DNHWKHWLPHWRUHVHDUFK\RXUQHHGV
:KDWIUHTXHQF\DQGRXWSXWSRZHUGR\RXLQWHQGWRRSHUDWH"
+RZHDV\LVLWIRUPHWRJURXQGP\OLJKWQLQJVXUJHSURWHF
WRU"6RPHOLJKWQLQJVXUJHSURWHFWRUVRIIHUUHSODFHDEOHJDV
GLVFKDUJHWXEHVSHOOHWV6RPHDUHIOLPVLHUWKDQRWKHUVLQ
WHUPVRIFRQVWUXFWLRQ
)RUPH,DPSDUWLDOWR3RO\3KDVHU7KLVFRPSDQ\KDVEHHQ
LQWKHEXVLQHVVIRUTXLWHVRPHWLPHDQGPDQ\FRPPHUFLDO
UDGLRLQVWDOODWLRQVXVHWKHLUSURGXFWV$OWKRXJK3RO\3KDVHU
GRHVQRWRIIHUUHSODFHDEOH*'7VWKH\DUHTXLWHHIIHFWLYHDQG
WKH\FDQZLWKVWDQGVRPHQHDUE\VWULNHV,HVSHFLDOO\OLNHWKDW
WKHLUSURGXFWVFRPHHTXLSSHGZLWKDIODQJHWKDWUHDGLO\DOORZV
WKHPWREHVHFXUHO\IDVWHQHGWRDPHWDOJURXQGSODWHDVSDUW
RIWKHVLQJOHSRLQWJURXQGLQJV\VWHPDWP\VKDFN3KRWR+
7KDWZD\,GRQ¶WKDYHWRUHO\RQDODUJHJDXJHZLUHWRFRQ 3KRWR - .&8/$ VDZ VSDUNV IDOOLQJ IURP WKH XWLOLW\ SROH
QHFWWRJURXQGIURPP\FRD[LDOVXUJHSURWHFWRU,QDGGLWLRQ EHWZHHQRXU47+DQGRXUQHLJKERU¶V0\+)<DJLLVDERXW
NHHSLQPLQGWKDWUDGLRSHULSKHUDOVQHHGVXUJHSURWHFWLRQDV IHHWDZD\IURPWKHSROH

ZHOO6RPHWLPHVZHIRUJHWDERXWWHOH
SKRQHOLQHVDQGURWRUFDEOHV3KRWR,
what’s new
6XUJH SURWHFWRUV DUH PDGH IRU WKRVH The ARRL Antenna Book for Radio Communications 24th Edition
LWHPVDVZHOO 8SGDWHGDQGUHYLVHGIRUWKH$QWHQQD%RRNSDFNV
\HDUVRIDQWHQQDNQRZKRZLQWRDIRXUYROXPHER[HG
Surge Protector End of Life VHW7KH $55/$QWHQQD%RRNFDQKHOS\RXEXLOGDQHQWLUH
)URPZKDW,¶YHEHHQDEOHWRUHVHDUFK DQWHQQD V\VWHP IRU DQ\ KDP UDGLR DSSOLFDWLRQ \RX FDQ
*'7VXUJHSURWHFWRUVZLWKRXWUHSODFH WKLQNRI
DEOHWXEHVDUHQRWQHFHVVDULO\RQHWLPH 9ROXPHFRYHUVDQWHQQDIXQGDPHQWDOVIURPPRQRSROHV
VKRWV6XUHLIWKHSURWHFWRULVPHWZLWK WRPXOWLHOHPHQWDUUD\V,WDOVRGHOYHVLQWRSURSDJDWLRQDQG
DODUJHLQUXVKRIYROWDJHWKHQWKHJDV DQWHQQDPRGHOLQJ
GLVFKDUJHWXEHSHOOHWZLOOEHH[SHQG 9ROXPHFRYHUVDOOW\SHVRIDQWHQQDVXVHGIRU+)0)
HG2WKHUZLVHD*'7VXUJHSURWHFWRU /)IURPWUDLOIULHQGO\ORQJZLUHVWRDPDVVLYHWRZHUIDUP
LVFDSDEOHRI³VXUYLYLQJ´ VHYHUDOOLPLWHG 9ROXPH FRYHUV 9+) DQWHQQDV DOO WKH ZD\ WKURXJK
LQGXFHG YROWDJH VXUJHV 6R KRZ ZLOO PLFURZDYHV,WDOVRORRNVLQWRVSHFLDOW\DQWHQQDVVXFKDV
\RX NQRZ LI \RXU *'7¶V OLIH LV H[WLQ VWHDOWKDQWHQQDVIRUKDPVVWXFNLQ+2$KHOODQGOLPLWHG
JXLVKHG"*ODG\RXDVNHG,KDYHDVKRUW VSDFHDQWHQQDVIRUKDPVZKRGRQ¶WKDYHDFUHVWRGHSOR\
VWRU\IRUWKDW PDVVLYHDQWHQQDIDUPV,I\RXOLNHUDGLRGLUHFWLRQILQGLQJWKHUHLVDFKDSWHUGHYRW
6HYHUDOPRQWKVDJRMXVWEHIRUHWXUQ HGWRWKHW\SHVRIDQWHQQDVXVHGLQWKDWDFWLYLW\
LQJLQWRRXUGULYHZD\GXULQJDWKXQGHU 9ROXPHFRYHUVFRQVWUXFWLQJ\RXURZQDQWHQQDV\VWHPVIURPVHOHFWLQJWKHWUDQV
PLVVLRQOLQHVWKHPDWHULDODQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVWDNLQJOLQHPHDVXUHPHQWV
VWRUPP\ZLIH'HEELH.&8/$VDZD
DQGDQWHQQDV\VWHPWURXEOHVKRRWLQJIRUZKHQ0XUSK\GHFLGHVWRSRSLQIRUDYLVLW
EULJKWIODVKLPPHGLDWHO\KHDUGDKXJH
7KH $55/$QWHQQD%RRNIRU5DGLR&RPPXQLFDWLRQVWK (GLWLRQLVDYDLODEOHQRZ
WKXQGHUFODS DQG VDZ VSDUNV UDLQLQJ DQGKDVDVXJJHVWHGUHWDLOSULFHRI)RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFWWKH$55/
IURPDXWLOLW\SROHEHWZHHQRXU47+DQG DW0DLQ6WUHHW1HZLQJWRQ&73KRQH:HEVLWH
RXU QHLJKERU¶V KRPH 3KRWR - 7KLV ZZZDUUORUJ!
XWLOLW\SROHLVRQO\DERXWIHHWIURPP\
+)<DJL:KHQVKHWROGPHDERXWLW,
H[SHFWHGWKHZRUVW1RZKRZHYHUDOO
P\DQWHQQDVDQGIHHGOLQHVKDYH3RO\
:HUH\RXILUVWOLFHQVHG
3KDVHUVXUJHSURWHFWRUVFRQQHFWHGWRD \HDUVDJR
VLQJOHSRLQW JURXQG , WXUQHG RQ P\
UDGLRVDQGHYHU\WKLQJFDPHWROLIH$OO DQGOLFHQVHGWRGD\"
P\DQWHQQDVZHUHZRUNLQJH[FHSWIRU
P\+)<DJL7KH6:5VWDQGLQJZDYH Then you should join the
UDWLRZDVKLJK,SXWP\DQWHQQDDQD Quarter Century
O\]HULQOLQHDQGLWFRQILUPHGWKHKLJK Wireless Association, Inc.
6:5,GLVFRQQHFWHGWKHFRD[IURPWKH
DQWHQQD JRLQJ WR WKH VXUJH SURWHFWRU 7R-RLQRU5HQHZ9LVLW
DQGWKHDQDO\]HULQGLFDWHGDILQH6:5
0\3RO\3KDVHUKDGGRQHLWVMRE0\+) KWWSZZZTFZDRUJMRLQUHQHZSKS
<DJLDQWHQQDLQGXFHGHQRXJKYROWDJH )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQSOHDVHFRQWDFWRP#TFZDRUJ
WR LRQL]H WKH JDV LQ P\ *'7 RQH ODVW
WLPH 6XUH VXUJH SURWHFWRUV FDQ EH
SULFH\ EXW VR LV UHSODFLQJ D VKDFN¶V
HTXLSPHQWHYHQLILWLVFRYHUHGE\LQVXU
DQFH QRW WR PHQWLRQ WKH KDVVOH RI
UHSODFLQJWKHJHDUDQGWLPHVSHQWRIIWKH
DLU , YLHZ WKHP DV LQH[SHQVLYH HOHF
WURQLFLQVXUDQFHSROLFLHV
Zapped
7UXVWPH,NQRZIURPSHUVRQDOH[SHUL
HQFHWKDW\RXGRQ¶WZDQWWRH[SHULHQFH
WKHDIWHUPDWKRID]DSLQWKHVKDFNGXH
WROLJKWQLQJ7DNLQJWKHWLPHDQGJRLQJ
WRWKHH[SHQVHRIEXLOGLQJDJRRGVLQ
JOHSRLQWJURXQGZLWK5)VXUJHSURWHF
WRUVLVZHOOZRUWKWKHHIIRUWDQGH[SHQVH
3URSHUO\LQVWDOOHG5)VXUJHSURWHFWRUV
FRPELQHGZLWKDJRRGJURXQGV\VWHP
ZRQ¶W WRWDOO\ SUHYHQW GDPDJH IURP D
GLUHFW OLJKWQLQJ VWULNH EXW WKH\¶OO JR D
ORQJ ZD\ WRZDUG NHHSLQJ PRVW RI WKH
KDUPIXOYROWDJHDZD\IURPUDGLRV
± 7KDQN\RXIRUUHDGLQJ&4DQG
YHU\EHVWIURP5RQ.2=

GORDO’S SHORT CIRCUITS
BY GORDON WEST, WB6NOA
Non-Resonant No-Where After Winter’s Rain and Snow!

(Whaddaya want? Good Grammar or Good Signals? –ed)
3KRWR$7UDSVQHHGWKHGUDLQKROHVWREHSRLQWLQJ'2:1
$
IWHUDOOWKHVWRUPVRQERWKWKHOHIWDQGULJKWFRDVWVWKLV
ZLQWHUORWVRIKDPVZLWKWUDSWULEDQGEHDPVWHOOPH
WKHLUDQWHQQDVKDYHJRQHZKDFNRRQEHLQJUHVRQDQW
RQWKHDQGPHWHUEDQGV7KH\DUHGUHDGLQJGRLQJ
WKHWRZHUFOLPEVHHQH[WWRSLFWRWDNHWKHPGRZQDQGVHH
ZKDWLVJRLQJRQZLWKWKHDQWHQQD
,I \RXU PXOWLHOHPHQW WKUHHEDQG EHDP ² PD\EH IRXU
EDQGVZLWKPHWHUVDVDQDGGHGURWDWDEOHGLSROH²XVHV
WUDSVWKHWUDSVOLNHO\DUH127%$'7KH\DUHSUREDEO\MXVW
ZDWHUORJJHG 3KRWR%7UDSFRYHULVJURXQGHGWRWKHFRLODWRQHHQG
:KHQVQRZDQGVHYHUHUDLQJHWLQWRWKHWUDSVHFWLRQVZDWHU
VWDUWVSRROLQJZLWKLQWKHWUDSVDQGWKLVDGGHGFDSDFLWLYHUHDF
WDQFHWKURZVHDFKWUDSRIIIUHTXHQF\XQWLOWKHWUDSGULHVRXW
FRPSOHWHO\ 7KLV WDNHV ORWV RI ZDUP VXQ GHSHQGLQJ KRZ
PXFKZDWHULVRQWKHLQVLGHRIHDFKWUDS
7KH FRLO ZLWKLQ WKH WUDS LV WKH WXQHG LQGXFWLYH UHDFWDQFH
;/DQGMXVWEHLQJGDPSZRQ¶WXVXDOO\NLOOLWRUDIIHFWWKH;/
%XWHYHQDVOLJKWDPRXQWRIUDLQZDWHUFOLQJLQJWRWKHLQVLGH
RIWKHWUDS¶VURXQGFRYHU ZLOOLQGHHGFKDQJHWKHFDSDFLWLYH
UHDFWDQFH ;& DQG FRXOG FKDQJH WKH ;& E\ KXQGUHGV RI
N+]LQHDFKZDWHUORJJHGWUDSHVSHFLDOO\LIWKHGUDLQKROHV 3KRWR&7UDSFRLOLQJUHDWVKDSHDIWHU\HDUV
DUHQRWSRLQWLQJVWUDLJKWGRZQ
+DYLQJWKHGUDLQKROHVRQWKHWUDS¶VRXWHUFRYHUSRLQWLQJ
VWUDLJKWGRZQZLOOKHOSJHWWKHPDMRUZDWHURXWEXWPDQ\
WLPHV WKH\ DUH FORJJHG ZLWK GLUW WUDSSLQJ WKH UHPDLQLQJ
ZDWHU,16,'(
7KHSODVWLFWUDSFRYHUVRQHDFKHQGDUHWRNHHSEXJVDQG
YDUPLQWVRXWEXWPRVWFRYHUVPD\DOORZUDLQZDWHULQVLGH
7KRVHEODFNWUDSHQGFRYHUVDUHQRWWRWDOO\ZDWHUSURRI7KDW
LVZK\WKHUHDUHGUDLQKROHV6HH3KRWRV$'
%HIRUH FOLPELQJ WKH WRZHU WU\ ZLJJOLQJ WKH EHDP D IHZ
GHJUHHVLQHDFKGLUHFWLRQWRKHOSZDWHUHVFDSHWKURXJKWKH
GUDLQKROHVKRSHIXOO\2UMXVWOHWLWVLWLQWKHVXQDQGEDNH
WKHEHDPIRUDIHZGD\VDQGWKHQVHHLIUHVRQDQFHLVVORZ
O\JHWWLQJFORVHUWRZKHUHLWVKRXOGEHRQWKHWKUHHRUIRXU
+)EDQGV
&4&RQWULEXWLQJ(GLWRU
&ROOHJH'U&RVWD0HVD&$ 3KRWR'*HWXQGHUWKHSODVWLFFRYHUFDSDQGWLJKWHQWKLV
HPDLOZEQRD#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! VHOIWDSSLQJVFUHZ

)LQDOQRWH,I\RXFDQFUDQNGRZQWKHEHDPWRUHDFKDEOH WKHGU\RXWSURJUHVVLRQZLWKDQ6:5DQDO\]HURYHUVHYHUDO
OHYHOVVHHLIWKHWUDSFRYHU 7:,676,ILWGRHVKHUHLVDQ VXQQ\GD\V
LQWHUPLWWHQWWKDW0867EHFXUHG'RQ¶WZRUU\LW¶VHDV\SHHO
EDFN WKH WUDS¶V EODFN SODVWLF FRYHU ORFDWH WKH VHOIWDSSLQJ VHF, Too…
VKHHWPHWDOVFUHZSXUSRVHO\VKRUWLQJWKHFRYHUDWRQH HQG )RUWKRVHRI\RXZLWKVHFWLRQRUVHFWLRQPHWHU
WRWKHLQQHUFRLODQGWLJKWHQLW 0+]QRQDPHEUDQGLQH[SHQVLYHZKLWHILEHUJODVVFROOLQHDU
7UDSVMXVWGRQ¶WZHDURXWXQOHVV\RXZHUHUXQQLQJ EDVHVWDWLRQDQWHQQDVWKH\WRRPD\EHZDWHUORJJHG6HH
ZDWWVLQDEOLQGLQJVQRZVWRUPVROHWWKHPGU\RXWDQGZDWFK 3KRWRV() DQG*:DWHUJHWVLQWRWKHLQWHUQDOKROORZWXEH
VFUHZMRLQWZLWKWKHEUDVVHOHPHQWVLQVLGHSRROVDWWKHEDVH
DQGXQOHVV\RXJHWWKHZDWHURXWRIWKHPIDVWWKH\NLOOWKH
EDVHPDWFKLQJXQLW
:DWHUZLOODOVRJHWLQDWWKHVHFWLRQMRLQWVXQOHVV\RXKDYH
WKHPVHDOHGZLWKH[WHUQDOVHOIYXOFDQL]LQJWDSH
8QVFUHZWKHVHFWLRQVDQGVHHLIZDWHUSRXUVRXW1RZDWHU
QRSUREOHP
:DWHU"3RXULWRXWGU\RXWWKHLQQDUGVDQGVHHLIWKH9+)
8+)FROOLQHDUDQWHQQDKDVVXUYLYHG+RSHVR
Climb Your Tower Safely With ZERO FALLS!

7KHUHFHQWHVFDODWLRQRIKDPRSHUDWRUWRZHUIDOOVWRWKHLU6.
VWDWXVLVDVRPEHUUHPLQGHUDERXWWRZHUFOLPELQJVDIHW\:H
VDZKDPRSHUDWRUVORVHWKHLUOLYHVRYHUWKHODVW\HDUV
3KRWR * $IWHU D UDLQVWRUP LQ WKH 6RXWK 7KLV DQWHQQD LV
OLNHO\LQRSHUDEOHGXHWRIHHGSRLQWEHLQJZDWHUORJJHG
3KRWR(/RZFRVWQRQQDPHEUDQGWZRVHFWLRQ9+)8+)
EDVHDQWHQQD
3KRWR+$OZD\VXVHDKDUQHVVDQGRWKHUVDIHW\JHDUZKHQ
3KRWR)6HDOWKLVFRQQHFWLRQRXWVLGHZLWKZHDWKHUSURRIWDSH FOLPELQJDWRZHUDQG1(9(5FOLPEDSDUWLDOO\FUDQNHGXS
WRNHHSRXWWKHZDWHU WRZHU&UDQNLWDOOWKHZD\GRZQ

EXWLQWKHODVW\HDUVWKHUHKDYHEHHQ FDOOWR$&7DQGKDVFRPHXSZLWKD]HUR WKH %$6( RI WKH WRZHU :KDW" ,V WKH
OLYHVORVWIRXURIWKHPLQMXVWWKLVODVW IDOOVDOOLDQFHDQRQSURILWZLWKWKHSXU EDVHILUPO\DIIL[HGLQWKHJURXQG"
\HDU SRVHRISURPRWLQJDQGHQDEOLQJVDIHW\ ,KDYHSHUVRQDOO\VHHQVHYHUDOZHOO
-LP,GHOVRQ.,5KDVODXQFKHGDQHZ LQDOODPDWHXUWRZHUDQGUDGLRDFWLYLWLHV JX\HG IRRW VWHHO FUDQNXS WRZHU
ZHEVLWH=(52)$//625*WRRIIHURXU 6HHKLVQHZZHEVLWHDQGKHOSVSUHDG EDVHVHFWLRQVRQZKLFKWKHEROWVVHFXU
KDPFRPPXQLW\ZD\VWRVROYHWKLVSURE WKHZRUGRI=(52)$//6 LQJWKHEDVHRIWKHWRZHUZHUHVRUXVW
OHP +H KDV LGHQWLILHG URRW FDXVHV RI 1RWDOOKDPWRZHUDFFLGHQWVDUHKDS HGWKDWWKHEDVHDQFKRUVHFWLRQZRXOG
WRZHUDFFLGHQWVKDVODXQFKHGDQDFWLRQ OHVVKDPVORVLQJWKHLUJULSDQGJRLQJDLU VRRQIDLO,IWKHEDVHVNHHWHUVRXWIURP
ERUQH VWUDLJKW GRZQ 0DQ\ DFFLGHQWV ZKHUHLWZDVDQFKRUHGLQWKHFRQFUHWH
RFFXUZLWKWKHKDPVWLOOVWUDSSHGWRWKH SDG QR QXPEHU RI XSSHU VXSSRUWV RU
WRZHULWVHOIDQGWKH72:(5IDOOVZLWK JX\ OLQHV ZLOO NHHS LW IURP IDOOLQJ ZLWK
WKHKDPVWLOOVWUDSSHGLQ KDPZHLJKWDORIW
%HIRUH \RX FOLPE ZLWK DQ DSSURYHG :KRZRXOGKDYHNQRZQWRFKHFNWKH
FOLPELQJ KDUQHVV DQG IDOO SUHYHQWLRQ EDVH PRXQWLQJV ² RXW RI VLJKW RXW RI
EXQJHH3KRWR+SXWRQWKHKDUGKDW PLQG²GXULQJWKHJX\ZLUHLQVSHFWLRQV
JORYHVDQGVDIHW\JODVVHVFKHFNJX\ 7KDWLVZKDW-LP.,5LVZRUNLQJRQZLWK
OLQHVFKHFNWRHQVXUH\RXDQGWKHWRZHU KLV:::=(52)$//625*ZHEVLWH
DUHIDUHQRXJKDZD\IURPSRZHUOLQHV <RXFDQMRLQKLPZLWKKLVFDPSDLJQE\
LQWKHDUHDDQGWKHQFDUHIXOO\LQVSHFW ZULWLQJKLPDWMLP#NLUFRP!:DWFK
3KRWR,$JUHDWKDPUDGLRERRNIURP
,QGLDDYDLODEOHIURP$PD]RQ
3KRWR.,WDOLDQRQWKHOHIW(QJOLVKRQWKHULJKW
3KRWR - 7KH )$%8/286 ,WDOLDQ

ERRN RQ WKH LQYHQWLRQ RI ZLUHOHVV 3KRWR/2ULJLQDOGUDZLQJVWKURXJKRXWWKLVERRNVHQWWRPHE\3LHWUR%HJDOLWKH
FRPPXQLFDWLRQV &:NH\PDQ

IDFWVSOXVLQWHUHVWLQJUHDGLQJ\HVLQ
(QJOLVK$PD]RQKDVWKHERRN,WLVYHU\
ZHOO LOOXVWUDWHG 6HH PRUH DW KWWSV
WLQ\XUOFRPUFE[M! ,W LV IDVFLQDWLQJ
UHDGLQJZLWKORWVRISKRWRV
)URPWKH%HJDOLWHOHJUDSKNH\PDNHU
3LHWUR%HJDOL,57),UHFHLYHGDQDXWR
JUDSKHG ODUJH KDUGERXQG SDJH
IXOO\LOOXVWUDWHG ERRN E\ )UDQFR
6RSUHVLQL (SLF 5DGLR +LVWRU\ RI 2QH
0DQ$FWXDOO\DORWRIPHQ*DOYDQL
9ROWD 2HUVWHG $PSHUH )DUDGD\
+HUW] 0DUFRQL 0D[ZHOO 7HVOD DQG
PDQ\RWKHUV
(YHU\SDJHLVVLGHE\VLGHODQJXDJHV
ZLWK(QJOLVKRQWKHULJKWDQG,WDOLDQRQ
WKHOHIWDVZHOODVWRQVRIRULJLQDO GLD
JUDPV RI ZKDW HDFK RI WKHVH PHQ
DGGHGWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI³ZLUHOHVV´
3KRWRVRIJHDULQDFWLRQPDSVRIFRQ
3KRWR0+HUHLVZKHUHKDPVKLWWKHKDUGSDFNHGVDQGGHVHUWIORRUIRUDZHHN WDFWGLVWDQFHVDQWHQQDSKRWRVWHFKQL
RIWUDLQLQJDW4XDUW]IHVW FDO GLDJUDPV RI WKHLU JHDU DQG PRUH
WKDQ \RX ZRXOG LPDJLQH DW D ZLUHOHVV
PXVHXPEXWLQSULQW6HH3KRWRV-.
+$01$7,21SRGFDVWVWRVHHZKDWKH 66XUL980<MXVWUHOHDVHGKLVQHZ DQG/
LVVD\LQJDERXWWRZHUVDIHW\ ERRN WKURXJK $PD]RQ $OO $ERXW <RXPD\FRQWDFW3LHWUR%HJDOLE\ZULW
$PDWHXU5DGLR 3KRWR,,WLVZHOOLOOXV LQJ9,$*%%26,2%5(6
Good Reads About Ham WUDWHGDZKRSSLQJSDJHVORQJDQG &,$%6,7$/<
Radio VKRZVKRZKLVRZQFRXQWU\,QGLDSOXV
7ZRQHZERRNVDUULYHGIRUP\UHYLHZ DOOFRXQWULHVRIWKHZRUOGXVHKDPUDGLR Quartzfest 2020 Activities
IURPRYHUVHDVDQGQHLWKHULVDQRYHO IRU ERWK KREE\ DQG HPHUJHQF\ FRP 4XDUW]IHVW LV DQ DQQXDO -DQXDU\ KDP
&RQVLGHUWKHVHDVERRNVRIKDPNQRZO PXQLFDWLRQV66XULLVD+DPYHQWLRQ UDGLR JDWKHULQJ RI 59HUV DQG WHQW
HGJHUHIHUHQFHPDWHULDOV 9,3DQGKLVERRNLVDQHQF\FORSHGLDRI FDPSHUVRQWKHGHVHUWIORRURI$UL]RQD
3KRWR17KHKDPVPD\SDUNDQ\ZKHUHWKH\ZDQWXVXDOO\FORVHWRWKHPDLQILUHULQJSUHVHQWDWLRQDUHDV

3KRWR02YHUKDPRSHUDWRUV
DWWHQGWKLVJDWKHULQJ²VRPHIRUDOO
GD\VLQWKHLU59V3KRWRV1 DQG2RWK
HUV DWWHQGLQJ IRU D GD\ RU WZR E\ FDU
DQGVRPHEUDYHVRXOVGRLQJWHQWFDPS
LQJ RQ WKH 4XDUW]IHVW %XUHDX RI /DQG
0DQDJHPHQWKDUGSDFNHGVDQG3KRWR
37KLVLVDQ$55/VDQFWLRQHGVSHFLDO
HYHQWZLWKORWVRIVHPLQDUV3KRWR4
DORQJ ZLWK WKH VSHFLDO HYHQW VWDWLRQ
:4WKDWPDQ\RI\RXKDYHZRUNHG
7KLVIUHHHYHQWLVYHU\SRSXODUDPRQJ
59HUKDPVEHFDXVHWKHQHDUE\JLDQW
59VKRZZKLFKUXQVFRQFXUUHQWO\ILYH
PLOHVXSWKHURDGLQ4XDUW]LWH$UL]RQD
$OVRWKH*HPDQG0LQHUDO6KRZLVKHOG
DWWKHVDPHWLPHZLWKDFUHVRIJRUJHRXV
URFNVDQGIDVFLQDWLQJTXDUW]FU\VWDOV
4XDUW]IHVWLVLQ-DQXDU\VRORRNDWWKH
DFWLYLWLHV WKDW ZH VFRUHG DW ZZZ 3KRWR27KH*RUGR0RELOH«UHDG\IRUWUDLQLQJQHZKDPV
TXDUW]IHVWRUJ! DQG MRLQ XV QH[W \HDU
IRUDGD\RUWZRRUEHDKDP³4ÝHWHU
DQE\DWWHQGLQJDOOZHHNORQJ
+DYHDJUHDWVSULQJFOHDQLQJRI\RXU
VKDFNDVDIHW\FKHFNRIWKHDOXPLQXP
DQGZLUHVDORIWDQGEHVXUHDQGIROORZ
WKHWRZHUVDIHW\WLSVIURPWKHH[SHUWV
+DSS\6SULQJDQGZHOFRPHWRVRODU
F\FOH
± GH*RUGR
3KRWR37HQWFDPSHUVDUHDOVRZHOFRPH«EXWWKHJURXQGLVDZIXOO\KDUG
3KRWR42YHUVHPLQDUVDUHVFKHGXOHGDWWKHZHHNORQJ4XDUW]IHVW+HUH'RQ
1=*(GRHVDWHFKQLFDOWDONRQDXWRPDWLFORQJZLUHWXQHUV

VHF PLUS
BY TONY EMANUELE,* K8ZR
3.3-GHz Threat Update and HamSCI Workshop to Focus

on Auroras
7
KH )&&¶V 1RWLFH RI 3URSRVHG
5XOHPDNLQJ1350DIIHFWLQJWKH 9+)3OXV&DOHQGDU
DPDWHXU DOORFDWLRQ DW WR '8%86*+](0(FRQWHVW0DUFKWK WK
*+]EHFDPHRIILFLDODQGZDVDVVLJQHG +DP6&,:RUNVKRS6FUDQWRQ3$0DUFKWK VW
'RFNHW50³)DFLOLWDWLQJ6KDUHG 0+]6SULQJ6SULQW0RQGD\$SULOWK
8VHLQWKH*+]%DQG´6LQFH 0+]6SULQJ6SULQW7XHVGD\$SULOWK
PDQ\EHOLHYHDPDWHXUV¶ORVVRIWKHFXU 1(:69+)&RQIHUHQFH$SULOWK ±WK 0DQFKHVWHU&7
UHQWDOORFDWLRQLVDJLYHQVRPHKDYHVXJ 0+]6SULQJ6SULQW$SULOQG
JHVWHGWKDWRXUDOORFDWLRQEHPRYHGWR 6RXWKHDVWHUQ9+)&RQIHUHQFH$SULOWK WK *DLQHVYLOOH*$
EHORZ*+](YHQWKDWLVSUREOHPDW 0LFURZDYH6SULQJ6SULQW6DWXUGD\0D\QG
LFDVWKHDGMDFHQWVOLFHRIWKHVSHFWUXP 9+)8+)0LFURZDYH)RUXPDWWKH+DPYHQWLRQ0D\WK
DW WR *+] LV LQFOXGHG LQ WKH '8%86*+](0(FRQWHVW0D\QG UG
IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH WKDW &RQJUHVV KDV
LGHQWLILHG IRU VLPLODU FRQVLGHUDWLRQ ,Q
'HFHPEHU)&&&RPPLVVLRQHU0LFKDHO RIWKHYDOXHRIWKHDPDWHXUVHUYLFHWR RUORQJFDQEHILOHGHOHFWURQLFDOO\6HH
2¶5LHOO\UHIHUHQFHGWKHIDFWWKDWWKHVOLFH WKHSXEOLFDVDYROXQWDU\QRQFRPPHU ³+RZ WR &RPPHQW RQ )&& 3URFHHG
RIWKHVSHFWUXPIURPWR*+]PD\ FLDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVHUYLFHSDUWLFXODU LQJV´ VHFWLRQ RI WKH )&& ZHEVLWH WR
DOVREHFRQVLGHUHGDVSDUWRIWKHPDQ O\ZLWKUHVSHFWWRSURYLGLQJHPHUJHQF\ UHVSRQGWRWKHQH[WWKUHDW
GDWHWRPDNHDGGLWLRQDOVSHFWUXPDYDLO FRPPXQLFDWLRQV´
DEOHXQGHUWKH02%,/(12:$&7 ,W LV WRR ODWH WR ILOH FRPPHQWV IRU RU Auroras and HamSCI
7KRXJK WKH LQLWLDO FRPPHQW SHULRG DJDLQVW'RFNHW50WKHUHDUH 7KHWKLUGDQQXDO+DP6&,ZRUNVKRSZLOO
FRQFOXGHGRQ)HEUXDU\VW WKHGHDG D IHZ LQ IDYRU RI WKH 1350 DV WKH EH KHOG 0DUFK WK DQG VW DW WKH
OLQHIRUUHSO\FRPPHQWVLV0DUFKUG )&&¶V UHSRUW RQ WKH 1350 LV VFKHG 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 6FUDQWRQ LQ 6FUDQWRQ
$VRIODWH-DQXDU\MXVWXQGHUFRP XOHGWREHSXEOLVKHGDERXWWKHWLPH\RX 3HQQV\OYDQLD$FFRUGLQJWRD+DP6&,
PHQWVKDGEHHQILOHG+PPP« UHDGWKLV+RZHYHULWGRHVEHKRRYHDOO DQQRXQFHPHQWWKHWKHPHRIWKLV\HDU¶V
FRPPHQWVYVOLFHQVHGDPD DPDWHXUV ZKR DUH LQWHUHVWHG LQ WKH ZRUNVKRSLV³7KH$XURUDO&RQQHFWLRQ
WHXU UDGLR RSHUDWRUV LQ WKH 86 ±7( EDQGVDERYH0+]WREHFRPHIDPLO +RZ GRHV WKH DXURUD DIIHFW DPDWHXU
0RVWRIWKRVHILOLQJFRPPHQWVZHUHDPD LDUZLWKWKHFRPPHQWILOLQJSURFHVVDV UDGLRDQGZKDWFDQZHOHDUQDERXWWKH
WHXUV LQYROYHG ZLWK WKH $PDWHXU 5DGLR WKH QH[W WKUHDW WR RQH RU PRUH RI RXU DXURUDIURPUDGLRWHFKQLTXHV"´,QYLWHG
(PHUJHQF\ 'DWD 1HWZRUN $5('1 EDQGVLVRQWKHKRUL]RQ²OLNHO\WRRXU VSHDNHUV LQFOXGH 'U (OL]DEHWK 0DF
)RUPHG LQ $5('1¶V IRFXV LV WR DOORFDWLRQDW*+]&RPPHQWVVKRUW 'RQDOG1$6$VFLHQWLVWDQGIRXQGHURI
GHYHORSDQGWKHSURPRWHPHVKQHWZRUN
VRIWZDUHIRUXVHE\DPDWHXUVDQGHPHU
JHQF\ QHWZRUNV WKDW FDQ EH SRUWHG WR
H[LVWLQJFRPPHUFLDOKDUGZDUHRQVHYHU
DO DPDWHXU EDQGV LQFOXGLQJ *+]
'RLQJ VR PDNHV SRVVLEOH LQH[SHQVLYH
KLJKVSHHGXSWR0ESVGDWDQHW
ZRUNVLQVXSSRUWRIHPHUJHQF\RSHUDWLRQ
FHQWHUV(2&VQRQJRYHUQPHQWDORUJ
DQL]DWLRQV1*2VDQGILUVWUHVSRQGHUV
:KHWKHULWLVWKHUHVXOWRIDZLOGILUHKXU
ULFDQHRUVLPLODUQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUWKHUH
DUHWLPHVZKHQWKHH[LVWLQJLQIUDVWUXF
WXUHLQFOXGLQJFHOODQGDPDWHXUUHSHDWHU
V\VWHPV DUH LQRSHUDEOH 'XULQJ VXFK
WLPHV DQG ZKHUH DQ $PDWHXU 5DGLR
(PHUJHQF\'DWD1HWZRUNH[LVWVYLWDO
DQG SRWHQWLDOO\ OLIHVDYLQJ HPHUJHQF\
FRPPXQLFDWLRQVFDQFRQWLQXH7KLVLV
IXQGDPHQWDOWRWKHSXUSRVHRIWKHDPD
WHXU UDGLR VHUYLFH DV VWDWHG LQ 3DUW
D³5HFRJQLWLRQDQGHQKDQFHPHQW
FR&4PDJD]LQH )LJXUH7KHHQWLUHHDVWHUQ86ZDVDEOHWRWDNHDGYDQWDJHRIDKXJHPHWHU
HPDLON]U#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! EDQGRSHQLQJRQWKHQLJKWRI-DQXDU\-DQ87&0DSVFRXUWHV\';0DSV

)LJXUH7KHPHWHURSHQLQJRQ-DQXDU\87&ZDVOHVVLQWHQVHEXWPRUHZLGHVSUHDG
$XURUDVDXUXV 'U -DPHV /D%HOOH FKDUJHSDUWLFOHVIRUPWKHVRODUZLQGDQG HOHFWURQV NQRFNHG ORRVH UHFRPELQH

'DUWPRXWK VSDFH VFLHQWLVW H[SHUW RQ ²LI(DUWKGLUHFWHG²WKHSDUWLFOHVLQWHU OLJKWLVSURGXFHG²YLVLEOHDXURUD
UDGLRDXURUDDQG'DYH+DOOLG\.'+ DFWZLWKWKH(DUWK¶VPDJQHWLFILHOGGLUHFW ,IWKHLRQL]DWLRQLVVXIILFLHQWO\VWURQJLW
YHWHUDQDPDWHXUUDGLRRSHUDWRUZLWKD LQJWKHPWRWKHPDJQHWLFSROHV$VWKH FDQ UHIOHFW VLJQDOV DW DQG PHWHUV
ZHDOWK RI H[SHULHQFH LQ DXURUDO FRP SDUWLFOHVPDNHWKHLUZD\WRWKHPDJQHW DQG WR D PXFK OHVVHU H[WHQW RQ
PXQLFDWLRQV:HOONQRZQFRQWHVWHU7LP LFSROHVWKH\LQWHUDFWZLWKR[\JHQDQG 0+]DQGOHVVHUHYHQVWLOORQ0+]
'XII\./5LVWKHNH\QRWHVSHDNHUDW QLWURJHQ PROHFXOHV LQ WKH DWPRVSKHUH ²UDGLRDXURUD 7KHLRQL]DWLRQWDNHV
WKH )ULGD\ QLJKW EDQTXHW 7KH DQQXDO FUHDWLQJLRQVRIERWKHOHPHQWV:KHQWKH SODFH DSSUR[LPDWHO\ NLORPHWHUV
ZRUNVKRSDOVRVHUYHVDVDWHDPPHHW
LQJ IRU WKH +DP6&, 3HUVRQDO 6SDFH
:HDWKHU6WDWLRQ36:6SURMHFWIXQG
HGE\WKH1DWLRQDO6FLHQFH)RXQGDWLRQ
LWVJRDOLVWRGHYHORSDFLWL]HQVFLHQFH
LQVWUXPHQWIRUVWXG\LQJVSDFHZHDWKHU
IURP\RXUEDFN\DUG7KH36:6LVOHG
E\ WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 6FUDQWRQ DQG
LQFOXGHVSDUWLFLSDWLRQIURP7$35&DVH
:HVWHUQ5HVHUYH8QLYHUVLW\:('8
WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI $ODEDPD WKH 1HZ
-HUVH\ ,QVWLWXWH RI 7HFKQRORJ\ &675
0,7+D\VWDFN2EVHUYDWRU\'DUWPRXWK
&ROOHJH DQG WKH DPDWHXU UDGLR FRP
PXQLW\DWODUJH
+DP6&,ZDVIRXQGHGWRSURPRWHWKH
FROODERUDWLRQRIDPDWHXUUDGLRRSHUDWRUV
DV FLWL]HQ VFLHQWLVWV DQG WKH VFLHQWLILF
FRPPXQLW\ LQ DQ HIIRUW WR IXUWKHU RXU
H[SDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIUDGLRSURSDJD
WLRQ6HHWKH+DP6&,ZHEVLWHKWWSV
KDPVFLRUJ!IRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ
)RUWKRVHQRWIDPLOLDUZLWKDXURUDDQG
SURSDJDWLRQYLDDXURUDLWLVFDXVHGE\
WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ RI WKH (DUWK¶V PDJQHWLF
ILHOGZLWKWKHFKDUJHGSDUWLFOHVHMHFWHG
IURPWKH6XQGXULQJGLVWXUEDQFHVVXFK 3KRWR$9(2,/GLGQ¶WOHWDOLWWOHVQRZJHWLQWKHZD\RIDJRRGURYHURSHUDWLRQ
DV VRODU IODUHV ,Q WKH DJJUHJDWH WKH LQVRXWKHUQ2QWDULRGXULQJWKH$55/-DQXDU\9+)&RQWHVW

a PLOHV DERYH WKH VXUIDFH RI WKH WKHQHLJKERUKRRGRINLORPHWHUV DXURUDV WKDQ VWDWLRQV EHORZ DSSUR[L
HDUWKQHDUWKH(OD\HUDQGWKHUHIRUHW\S RUOHVV PDWHO\ QRUWKODWLWXGH(YHQLQWLPHV
LFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVSDWKVDUHVLPLODU 7KHOLNHOLKRRGWKDWDVWDWLRQZLOOH[SH RI KLJK VRODU DFWLYLW\ VWDWLRQV ORFDWHG
WRZKDWRQHZRXOGH[SHFWGXULQJDVLQ ULHQFH DQ DXURUD RSHQLQJ YDULHV ZLWK VRXWKRIDQDUFWKURXJK6RXWK'DNRWD
JOHKRSVSRUDGLF((VRSHQLQJLH JHRPDJQHWLF ODWLWXGH ZLWK VWDWLRQV ,RZD VRXWKHUQ ,OOLQRLV VRXWKHUQ ,QGL
PD[LPXP';RIDSSUR[LPDWHO\ FORVHVW WR WKH JHRPDJQHWLF SROH QRZ DQDDQGVRXWKHUQ2KLRDUHXQOLNHO\WR
NLORPHWHUV a PLOHV 7\SLFDOO\ ORFDWHG LQ WKH &DQDGLDQ $UFWLF EXW RQ H[SHULHQFHDXURUD'XULQJWKHKLVWRULF
GLVWDQFHV DFKLHYHG YLD DXURUD DUH LQ WKH PRYH PRUH OLNHO\ WR H[SHULHQFH DXURUD LQ 0DUFK DXURUD ZDV
REVHUYHG DV IDU VRXWK DV 7H[DV DQG
)ORULGDEXWWKDWZDVDQDQRPDO\
*HQHUDOO\LQFUHDVHGVRODUDFWLYLW\W\S
LFDOO\IRXQGGXULQJWKHSHDN\HDUVRID
VRODU F\FOH LV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK DQ
LQFUHDVH LQ DXURUDO DFWLYLW\ +RZHYHU
DXURUDFDQKDSSHQDWDQ\WLPHRI\HDU
DQGHYHQGXULQJWLPHVRIORZVRODUDFWLY
LW\7KH.LQGH[UDQJLQJIURPWRLV
WKHJRWRLQGLFDWRUIRUWKHOLNHOLKRRGRI
DXURUD:KHQWKH.LQGH[LVRUKLJK
HUDXURUDLVPRUHWKDQOLNHO\IRUVWDWLRQV
DORQJ WKH QRUWKHUQ ERUGHU RI WKH 86
DQG&DQDGD.LQGH[HVRIRUKLJKHU
DUH JHQHUDOO\ UHFRUGHG RQO\ QHDU WKH
SHDN RI WKH VRODU F\FOH 6WDWLVWLFDOO\
DXURUDO HYHQWV DUH PRUH IUHTXHQW
DURXQG WKH HTXLQR[HV LQ 0DUFK DQG
6HSWHPEHU7KHPRVWFRPPRQH[SOD
QDWLRQ LV WKDW DW WKH HTXLQR[HV WKH
HDUWK¶VWLOWLVRULHQWHGVXFKWKDWLWPD[L
PL]HVWKHLQWHUDFWLRQRIWKHVRODUZLQG
DQGWKHHDUWK¶VPDJQHWLFILHOG,WZRXOG
EH D ELW LURQLF LI GXULQJ WKH +DP6&,
ZRUNVKRSZLWKLWVWKHPHRIUDGLRDXUR
UDWKDWWKHUHZDVDQDXURUDRSHQLQJRQ
3KRWR%7KH9$(/(5WHDPRI9$(/(DQG9$72DOVRFRYHUHGWKHLUSODQQHG RUPHWHUV
LWLQHUDU\GHVSLWHWKHZHDWKHU
On the Bands
7KH ZLQWHU (V VHDVRQ FRQWLQXHG LQWR
PLG-DQXDU\ZLWKZLGHVSUHDGRSHQLQJV
RQPHWHUVRQWKHWKWKDQGWK
ZLWK PRUH ORFDOL]HG RSHQLQJV RQ WKH
WK DQGWK VHH)LJXUHV DQG$
OXFN\ IHZ LQ 1HZ (QJODQG ZRUNHG
<656LQ(O6DOYDGRUDWDSSUR[LPDWH
O\ NLORPHWHUV a PLOHV RQ
WKHWK,QEHWZHHQWKH(V RSHQLQJV
GHFHQW WURSR ZDV H[SHULHQFHG RQ
PHWHUVDQGDERYHIURPWKH0LGZHVWWR
7H[DV DQG 0H[LFR $ VDPSOH RI ZKDW
ZDVZRUNHGRQPHWHUV.'5+(1
DQG$$$0(0#aNLORPH
WHUV.733(0DQG$$$0(0
#aNLORPHWHUV.$&)'(1DQG
.1'(0#aNLORPHWHUVDQG
.733(0DQG;(25'/#a
NLORPHWHUV 2Q 0+] XVLQJ
)7 $$0< (1 ZRUNHG :/8$
(0#aNLORPHWHUV
7KH $55/ -DQXDU\ 9+) &RQWHVW
ZHHNHQG LV QRW NQRZQ IRU JUHDW WURSR
FRQGLWLRQV 7KLV \HDU PXFK RI WKH
0LGZHVWDQGHDVWKDGWRGHDOZLWKLFHD
UDLQVQRZPL[RUKLJKZLQGVDQGVQRZ
3KRWR&7KHZHDWKHUZDVDOLWWOHEHWWHUIRU:$:'<DQG1=(GXULQJWKHLUFRQ 7KRXJKWKHZHDWKHUIRUFHGPDQ\URYHUV
WHVWURYHUWULSLQVRXWKHUQ&DOLIRUQLD WR VWD\ FORVH WR KRPH VWLOO RWKHUV ²

BEHIND THE BYLINES... LQFOXGLQJ 5XVVHOO %HHFK 9(2,/5
3KRWR $ DQG WKH WHDP RI 3HWHU
3UDEXFNL 9$(/( DQG +XJK 'XII
… a little bit about some of the authors whose 9$72 DV 9$(/(5 3KRWR % ²
articles appear in this issue PDQDJHGWRH[HFXWHWKHLUSODQVDOEHLW
ZLWKORQJHUWUDYHOWLPHVEHWZHHQVWRSV
-RKQ 3DOPLVDQR .%2,6 5REHUW *LXOLDQR .%5&2 5REHUW /DXQGUD ZLWKRXWWRRPXFKGLIILFXOW\LHWKH\GLG
15*)DQG0LFKDHO)OXHJHPDQQ.($4: ³5HIXUELVKHG'RQDWHGDQG0RGLILHG QRWJHWVWXFNLQWKHVQRZ,QFRQWUDVWWKH
«3XWWLQJ$OOWKH3LHFHV7RJHWKHUDW:80´SDUHPHPEHUVRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\ URYHU WHDP RI :RRGLH :RRGZDUG
RI0LFKLJDQ$PDWHXU5DGLR&OXE:80LQ$QQ$UERU2QHRIWKHROGHVWFROOHJH :$:'< DQG 3HWH +HLQV 1=(
DPDWHXU UDGLR FOXEV WKH VWDWLRQ ZDV ILUVW OLFHQVHG LQ DV ;$ DQG ODWHU KHOG HQMR\HGWKHVRXWKHUQ&DOLIRUQLDZHDWK
$;=:=83DQG:$;=EHIRUHEHLQJLVVXHG:80E\WKH)&&LQLQFRQ
HU DV 1=(5 3KRWR & PDNLQJ MXVW
QHFWLRQZLWKWKHXQLYHUVLW\¶VVHVTXLFHQWHQQLDO7Q[:80ZHEVLWH
3DXO6LJQRUHOOL:5: ³/R-DFNµ7¶+XQW´SLVDUHJXODUFRQWULEXWRUWR&4
RYHU462VRQVL[EDQGVE\DFWLYDW
²EXWKHJRWWKDWIURPKLVPRP+HOHQ6LJQRUHOOL..836.ZKRDOVRZURWHIRU LQJ IRXU 9HQWXUD DQG /RV $QJHOHV
&4 LQWKHSDVW+HU0D\DUWLFOH³7UDQVPLWWHU+XQWVRQ9+)´LVUHSULQWHGLQ &RXQW\JULGV'XULQJWKHLUKRXUVWRSLQ
WKLVLVVXHRQSDJHDVSDUWRIRXURQJRLQJ³&4&ODVVLF´VHULHV WKH6DQWD0RQLFD0RXQWDLQV'0TE
'HQQLV/D]DU:'11³+RZ&:&DQ3URWHFW<RX)URP'HPHQWLD´SLVD WKHSDLUPDQDJHG462V
IRUPHU&4453(GLWRUDQGDVHPLUHWLUHGGRFWRURIQDWXURSDWK\VSHFLDOL]LQJLQGUXJ $V ZDV WKH FDVH LQ VRXWKHUQ &DOL
IUHHSDLQPDQDJHPHQW+HDQGKLVZLIH5XWKLH../4'HQQLV¶VIRUPHUFDOOHQMR\ IRUQLDWKHZHDWKHUDOVRFRRSHUDWHGLQ
WUDYHOLQJLQWKHLU59DQGRSHUDWLQJ453IURPZKHUHYHULWWDNHVWKHP:KHQWKH\ VRXWKHUQ $UL]RQD 9(0$ 1$9
DUHQ¶WRQWKHURDGWKH\OLYHLQ3RUW&KDUORWWH)ORULGD :$;; DQG 19' UHSRUWHG D KLJK
*HRUJH$YHULOO.(25 ³/HDUQLQJ0RUVH&RGHWKH2OG)DVKLRQHG:D\´S OHYHORIDFWLYLW\RQDOOWKHEDQGVWKURXJK
LVDIUHTXHQWFRQWULEXWRUWR&4RIWHQIRFXVLQJRQWRSLFVUHODWHGWR0RUVHFRGHLQFOXG 0+] $W OHDVW ILYH URYHUV ZHUH
LQJKLVWRULFDODUWLFOHVRQ$PHULFDQ0RUVHDQGWKHXVHRIUDGLRRQWKHEDWWOHILHOGVRI DFWLYHDQGQROHVVWKDQEDFNSDFN
:RUOG:DU,+HOLYHVLQ&DWDXOD*HRUJLD HUVSDUWLFLSDWHGKLNLQJWRQHDUE\PRXQ
/DXULH0DUJROLV*80/³&4&ODVVLF0HPRULHVRI-<´SLVDORQJWLPH WDLQWRSVWRDFWLYDWHWKHEDQGVWR
%%&FRUUHVSRQGHQWDQGPHPEHURIWKH&4$PDWHXU5DGLR+DOORI)DPH+LV 0+]²PDQ\ZLWKMXVWZLWK)0KDQG
DUWLFOHMXVWDIWHUWKHSDVVLQJRI-RUGDQ¶V.LQJ+XVVHLQ-<LVSDLUHGLQWKLVPRQWK¶V KHOGVEXWDVXUSULVLQJQXPEHURQ66%
³&4&ODVVLF´VHULHVZLWKDDUWLFOHE\KLVPRWKHU6\OYLD0DUJROLV ³&4&ODVVLF DVZHOO,WVHHPVWKDWWKHQHZ,&20,&
4XLHW)DPLO\&LUFOH´SZKRZRUNHGIRUWKH5DGLR6RFLHW\RI*UHDW%ULWDLQDQG LVKDYLQJDPDMRULPSDFWLQWKH
ZDVDIUHTXHQW&4FRQWULEXWRUKHUVHOILQWKHVDQG¶V DUHDDVDWOHDVWVL[ZHUHRQWKHDLUZLWK
$QWKRQ\/XVFUH.=7³,GHDVDQG5HVRXUFHVIRU*URZLQJ<RXWK,QYROYHPHQWLQ
D FRXSOH RI VWDWLRQV PDNLQJ WKHLU ILUVW
$PDWHXU5DGLR´SLV&4¶V0LFURFRQWUROOHUV(GLWRUEXWKHKDVORQJEHHQLQYROYHG
LQSURPRWLQJKDPUDGLRWR\RXQJSHRSOH$QWKRQ\LVWKH$55/2KLR6HFWLRQ<RXWK
462VRQ0+]GXULQJWKHFRQWHVW
DQG(GXFDWLRQ2XWUHDFK&RRUGLQDWRUDQGPDLQWDLQVDZHEVLWHZLWKH[WHQVLYHPDWH
ULDOV DQG UHVRXUFHV IRU EULQJLQJ KDP UDGLR WR \RXWK JURXSV DQG VFKRROV Ontario Activity Award
ZZZN]WFRPKU\! ,QUHFRJQLWLRQRILWVWK \HDUWKH2QWDULR
9+)$VVRFLDWLRQ29+)$LVVSRQVRULQJ
WKH2QWDULR9+)$VVRFLDWLRQWK $QQL
OUR READERS SAY... IURPSDJH YHUVDU\$FWLYLW\$ZDUG2SHQWRDOOUDGLR
WRXVHWKHFDSDWDOORUDYHU\VPDOORQH7KLVLVZKHQ\RXZDQWWRFDWFK\RXUH\H,
DPDWHXUVWKHDZDUGUHTXLUHVZRUNLQJ
KDYHXVHGWKLVIRUDOLJKWVZLWFKOHIWRQIRUDQRXWGRRUOLJKWQRWYLVLEOHIURPDURRP &DQDGLDQDPDWHXUUDGLRVWDWLRQVRQ
XQOHVV,ORRNFORVHO\WKURXJKWKHZLQGRZWRWKHRXWVLGH,I,¶PPRYLQJWKURXJKWKH 0+]DQGDERYH&RQWDFWVRQHSHUEDQG
URRPRUWXUQP\KHDGP\H\HLVFDXJKWDOLWWOHHDVLHUE\WKH/('EHFDXVHRIWKH UHJDUGOHVVRIPRGHPXVWEHFRPSOHWHG
IOLFNHULQJ7KLVNLQGRILQGLFDWRUOLJKWLVEHVWGRQHZLWKDEULJKWDPEHU/('RUDWOHDVW EHWZHHQ -DQXDU\ VW DQG 'HFHPEHU
WKDW¶VZKDW,OLNHEHVW VW &RQWDFW 'DQD 6KWXQ
0\XVHRIWKHIXOOZDYHEULGJHZDVIRUDILYH/('QLJKWOLJKWXVLQJDURXQGP: 9('6DW YHGVV#KRWPDLOFRP!IRU
)RUELJJHUMREV,XVHVRPHWKLQJVLPLODUWR\RXUYROWGHVLJQDQG,KDYHDOVRXVHG DGGLWLRQDOGHWDLOV$KDQGVRPHFHUWLIL
LQH[SHQVLYHYROWWRYROWP$$VZLWFKLQJSRZHUVXSSOLHVZDOOZDUWV,¶YH FDWHRIFRXUVHVXLWDEOHIRUIUDPLQJLV
PDGHQLFHZDWW/('OLJKWVWKLVZD\DERXWDVEULJKWDVROGWRZDWWLQFDQ DYDLODEOHIRUDOOWKRVHZKRTXDOLI\
GHVFHQWOLJKWV &8RQWKHEDQGV7RQ\.=5
7KDQNVDJDLQDQGNHHSµHPFRPLQJ,DOZD\VHQMR\\RXUDUWLFOHVHYHQLI,WKLQNDW
WLPHV\RXRYHUVLPSOLI\RUGRQ¶WFRQVLGHUVRPHRIWKHUDPLILFDWLRQVRI\RXULGHDV
1RWHV
± GH3KLO.DUUDV.()/
02%,/(12:$FW0DNLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV
:$1'0UHVSRQGV IRU %URDGEDQG ,QYHVWPHQW DQG /LPLWLQJ ([
+L3KLO FHVVLYHDQG1HHGOHVV2EVWDFOHVWR:LUHOHVV
7KDQNVIRU\RXUHPDLO<RXUDSSURDFKLVLQWHUHVWLQJDQGWKHIOLFNHUDSSURDFKLVD $FW
JRRG LGHD ,W LV DOZD\V D SOHDVXUH KHDULQJ IURP D WHFKQLFDOO\RULHQWHG UHDGHU +)';HUVNQRZWKDWGXULQJWLPHVRIDXUR
8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHUHDUHQ¶WDVPDQ\DVLQWKHSDVW:KHQ\RXUHDGP\'HFHPEHUFRO UD RYHU WKH SROH SDWKV DUH VXEMHFWHG WR LQ
XPQ\RXZLOOVHHZKDW,PHDQ FUHDVHGDEVRUSWLRQJHQHUDOO\PDNLQJ+)UDGLR
FRPPXQLFDWLRQV IRU H[DPSOH 1RUWK $PHULFD
,WU\WRNHHSWKHFROXPQVLPSOHDWWLPHVEHFDXVH,UHDOO\ZDQWWRVRPHKRZLQGLFDWH
WR6FDQGLQDYLDLPSRVVLEOH
WRWKHQRQWHFKQLFDOPHPEHUVRIRXUFRPPXQLW\WKDWHOHFWURQLFVLVQRWDUHDOP\V
)XQIDFW7KHQRUWKPDJQHWLFSROHLVPRY
WHU\DQGLI\RXWU\WRGRDWOHDVWVRPHWKLQJPD\EHVRPHKRZWKH³EXJ´ZLOOELWH
LQJWRZDUGV5XVVLDDWDUDWHRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\
,DOVRKRSH\RXHQMR\P\³WKLQNRIWKHIXWXUH´FROXPQV&RQVLGHULQJZKDWDPDWHXUV WRNLORPHWHUVaPLOHVSHU\HDU
GLVFRYHUHGLQWKHSDVWZLWKZKDWWKH\KDGLQKDQGDWWKHWLPHZKRNQRZVZKDWFDQ 7KH,&20,&LVDPXOWLPRGHWUDQV
EHGLVFRYHUHGE\WKHVDPH³RXWRIWKHER[´WKLQNLQJRIWKHWHFKQLFDOO\RULHQWHGDPD FHLYHUIRUDQG0+]
WHXURIWRGD\± ,UZLQ:$1'0

AWARDS
BY EDDIE DEYOUNG,* KS4AA
Wallpaper
USA-CA Award Update *UHDW %ULWDLQ DOVR LVVXHV WKLV DZDUG KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP
YX[HU!DVZHOODVPDQ\RWKHUKDUGHUWRHDUQDZDUGV
&RXQW\/HYHO ,I\RXGRQRWFKDVH';WKHQDQRWKHUUHODWLYHO\HDV\DZDUGWR
'/2+±$ZDUGQXPEHUGDWHG'HFHPEHUWK HDUQ LV :RUNHG $OO 6WDWHV VSRQVRUHG E\ WKH $55/
ZZZDUUORUJZDV!6XSHUVWDWLRQVGRLWURXWLQHO\LQOHVVWKDQ
&RXQW\/HYHO DGD\GXULQJFRQWHVWVDQG462SDUWLHV$PRGHVWVWDWLRQFDQ
'/2+±$ZDUGQXPEHUGDWHG'HFHPEHUWK HDVLO\PDQDJHLWLQDIHZPRQWKV453PLJKWWDNHDOLWWOHORQJHU
7KH :RUNHG $OO 3UHIL[HV :3; DZDUG LV LVVXHG E\ &4
KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\[YRSIE! IRU ZRUNLQJ D PLQLPXP RI
*
RWDIHZKROHVLQWKHZDOORI\RXUKDPVKDFN":K\QRW SUHIL[HVLQDVLQJOHPRGHRUPL[HGPRGH7KHILUVWKXQGUHG
FRYHUWKHPZLWKDZDUGFHUWLILFDWHV"6HULRXVO\WKHUHDUH SUHIL[HVDUHXVXDOO\YHU\HDV\WKHQWKHUHDOFKDVHLVRQWRJUDE
DORWRIDZDUGVDYDLODEOHIRUMXVWDERXWDQ\VW\OHRIRSHU WKHRWKHURU
DWLQJ6RPHFDQEHHDUQHGRYHUDZHHNHQGZKLOHRWKHUVFDQ
WDNH\HDUVRUHYHQGHFDGHVWRFRPSOHWH$UHWKH\ZRUWKLW"/HW¶V Awards That Take More Effort
WDNHDTXLFNORRNDWVRPHRIWKHSRVVLEOHMXVWLILFDWLRQV
:RUNLQJFRXQWULHVFDQWDNHDQ\ZKHUHIURPDIHZZHHNVWR
<RXOHDUQDERXWWKHUHDVRQIRUWKHDZDUG7KLVFDQEHWRFHO VHYHUDO\HDUVLQFOXGLQJJHWWLQJWKHFRQILUPDWLRQV/RJERRNRI
HEUDWHDSURPLQHQWSHUVRQ¶VOLIHRUWKHLUDFKLHYHPHQWVDVLJ WKH :RUOG /R7: &OXE/RJ DQG 46/ PDQDJHUV KDYH DOO
QLILFDQWHYHQWDQQLYHUVDULHVRIWKHIRXQGLQJRIVRFLHWLHVRUDQ\ UHGXFHG WKH WLPH LW WDNHV WR UHFHLYH FRQILUPDWLRQV YHUVXV WKH
QXPEHURIRWKHULQWHUHVWLQJUHDVRQV ³WUDGLWLRQDOÚRXWHRIH[FKDQJLQJSDSHUFDUGVGLUHFWO\RUYLD46/
<RXOHDUQDORWRILQWHUHVWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHLVVXLQJ EXUHDXV$55/LVVXHVWKH';&&DZDUGZZZDUUORUJG[FF!
FRXQWU\VXFKDVLWVKLVWRU\RUJHRJUDSK\ DQG&4LVVXHVWKH&4';DZDUGKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\UNGUGN!
<RXGRQ¶WKDYHWRSDWFKDQGSDLQW\RXUVKDFNZDOOV 0DQ\QDWLRQDOVRFLHWLHVDOVRLVVXHDZDUGVIRUWKLVDFKLHYH
PHQW VXFK DV WKH :LUHOHVV ,QVWLWXWH RI $XVWUDOLD KWWSV
$UHDOO\JUHDWVRXUFHRIDZDUGLQIRUPDWLRQLV³7KH.%9'; WLQ\XUOFRP\[GJ! $QRWKHU &4 DZDUG DW D VLPLODU OHYHO
$ZDUGV 'LUHFWRU\´ DW ZZZG[DZDUGVFRP! 7HG 0HOLQRVN\ RIGLIILFXOW\LVWKH&4';)LHOG$ZDUGIRUFRQILUPHGFRQWDFWV
.%9P\SUHGHFHVVRUDVHGLWRURIWKLVFROXPQKDVEHHQZRUN ZLWK DW OHDVW [ 0DLGHQKHDG ³JULG ILHOGV´ 6HH
LQJRQWKLVSURMHFWIRUGHFDGHV,WLVQRZDYDLODEOHRQOLQH KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPXDMIRF[!
:RUNHG$OO=RQHV:$=LVLVVXHGE\&4IRUFRQILUPLQJDYDOLG
Special Event Awards 462ZLWKDOO]RQHVVHHPDSDVGHILQHGE\WKHDZDUGUXOHV
DWKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPPO]TKI!7KLVDZDUGXVXDOO\WDNHVPRUH
0DQ\DZDUGVDUHLVVXHGIRUVLPSO\SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQDQRQDLUHYHQW WKDQD\HDUWRHDUQRIWHQPXFKPRUH±HG<RXQHHGWRNHHS
8VXDOO\DPLQLPXPQXPEHURIFRQWDFWVDUHUHTXLUHGWRTXDOLI\
DQH\HRQWKH';UHIOHFWRUVDQG';QHZVFKDQQHOVWROHDUQZKHQ
6RPHRIWKHVHHYHQWVODVWIRUDGD\ZKLOHRWKHUVFDQODVWDOO\HDU
VRPHRIWKHUDUHRQHVEHFRPHDFWLYHEXWWKHIXQLVLQWKHFKDVH
([DPSOHV RI SDVW HYHQWV LQFOXGH 1DWLRQDO 3DUNV 2Q 7KH $LU
DQGWKHUHZDUGLVDFHUWLILFDWHZHOOHDUQHG
1327$ ZZZDUUORUJQSRWD! VSRQVRUHG E\ $55/ DQG WKH
$ZDUGVWKDWDUHKDUGHUWRHDUQEXWGHILQLWHO\ZRUWKLWDUH7KH
&DQDGLDQ1DWLRQDO3DUNV2Q7KH$LUKWWSVFQSRWDFD!ZKLFK
86$&$ DZDUG SURJUDP IRU ZRUNLQJ 86 FRXQWLHV &XUUHQWO\
HDFKODVWHGDIXOOFDOHQGDU\HDU7KHQWKHUHDUHYHU\VKRUWWHUP
WKHUHDUHRIWKHPDQGDWOHDVWKDYHUHJXODUKDP
HYHQWVWKDWXVXDOO\UXQIRUQRPRUHWKDQKRXUVVXFKDVWKH
DFWLYLW\DWWKHODVWVXUYH\7KHDZDUGLVVSRQVRUHGE\&4DQG
)DPRXV0XVHXP6KLSVVSHFLDOHYHQWZZZQMEERUJPXVHXP!
ZDVPDQDJHGIRUGHFDGHVE\7HG0HOLQRVN\.%97KHFXU
WDNLQJSODFH-XQHWKLV\HDU2WKHUVPD\ODVWORQJHUVXFKDV
UHQW DZDUG FXVWRGLDQ LV %ULDQ %LUG 1;; 9LVLW KWWSV
WKH 6FRXWV -DPERUHH 2Q 7KH $LU -27$ ZZZVFRXWLQJRUJ
WLQ\XUOFRPQGNJ!IRUWKHRIILFLDOUXOHV
MRWD!ZKLFKUXQVIRUWKUHHGD\VHDFK\HDU4XLWHRIWHQWKHUHZLOO
7KH,27$,VODQGV2Q7KH$LUDZDUGDGPLQLVWHUHGLQSDUW
EHVSHFLDOFDOOVLJQVLVVXHGZKLFKPD\EH\RXURQO\FKDQFHWR
QHUVKLSZLWKWKH56*%ZZZLRWDZRUOGRUJ!FDQEHHDUQHG
ZRUNLW&RPPHPRUDWLYH46/VDVZHOODVDZDUGFHUWLILFDWHVRIWHQ
DUH\RXUUHZDUGIRUSDUWLFLSDWLRQ IRUFRQILUPLQJMXVWRIILFLDOLVODQGQXPEHUV6HHPVHDV\
EXW«WKHUHDUHFDWHJRULHVIRUHQGRUVHPHQWVZKLFKFDQ
WDNHGHFDGHVWRHDUQ&DXWLRQ7KLVDZDUGFDQEHFRPHYHU\
Easy-to Earn Awards DGGLFWLYH
$ZDUGVWKDWDUHVRPHZKDWHDV\WRHDUQ2QHRIWKHPRVWSRS 7KHWRSLFIRUWKH$SULOLVVXHZLOOEHOHVVHUNQRZQ86VSRQ
XODU';DZDUGVLVDOVRDPRQJWKHHDVLHVWWRHDUQ,WLV:RUNHG VRUHGDZDUGVDQGWKH0D\LVVXHZLOOEHDERXWOHVVHUNQRZQ';
$OO&RQWLQHQWVVSRQVRUHGE\WKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO$PDWHXU5DGLR VSRQVRUHGDZDUGV
8QLRQ ,$58 DQG DGPLQLVWHUHG LQ WKH 86 E\ WKH $55/ %\WKHZD\RXUDZDUGPDQDJHUVDUHVRPHWLPHVVZDPSHG
ZZZDUUORUJZDF!6LPSO\ZRUNDQGFRQILUPRQHYDOLG462 ZLWKDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGHQGRUVHPHQWUHTXHVWVDQGHDFKFHUWLIL
IURPHDFKFRQWLQHQWRQDQ\+)EDQGH[FHSWPHWHUV,QD FDWHLVKDQGOHWWHUHGE\DQDUWLVWLQ1HZ<RUNLQKHUVSDUHWLPH
';FRQWHVWDIHZGHFDGHVDJR,ZRUNHGDOOFRQWLQHQWVLQPLQ ,I\RXKDYHQ¶WUHFHLYHG\RXUDZDUGFHUWLILFDWHRUHQGRUVHPHQW
XWHVIURPP\47+LQ$XVWUDOLD7KH56*%5DGLR6RFLHW\RI SOHDVH EH SDWLHQW 6RPHWLPHV D SROLWH TXHU\ ZLOO JHW \RX DQ
XSGDWH5HPHPEHUWKHZDLWLVXVXDOO\ORQJIRUJRWWHQDIWHU\RX
60/.-U$YH$SW UHFHLYHWKDWEHDXWLIXODZDUGFHUWLILFDWHWRSURXGO\GLVSOD\LQWKH
&OHDUZDWHU)/ KDPVKDFN$5
NVDD#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! ±.6$$

DX
BY BOB SCHENCK, N2OO
How Do YOU Work DX?
2
YHUP\\HDUVRIFKDVLQJ';P\PHWKRGVIRUGRLQJ :%&+2930/QRZ6.DQGODWHU-LP&DLQ.71DQG
VRKDYHHYROYHG,QWKHEHJLQQLQJ,MXVWWXUQHGRQP\ PRUHUHFHQWO\&DUO6PLWK¶V1$$QRZ6.45=';
UDGLRDQGWULHGWRZRUNZKDW,FRXOGKHDU,QIRUPDWLRQ &XUUHQWO\P\LQIRUPDWLRQKDVPRYHGFRPSOHWHO\RQOLQHE\
ZDVVSDUVHRWKHUWKDQZKDWZDVUHDGLQWKHDYDLODEOHPRQWK XVLQJWKH$55/';%XOOHWLQVHUYLFHZZZDUUORUJEXOOHWLQV!
O\PDJD]LQHVDWWKDWWLPHVR\RXQHYHUNQHZMXVWZKDW\RX DVZHOODVWKH23';E\1RUWKHUQ2KLR';$VVRFLDWLRQFR
PD\FRPHXSRQFRQVLGHULQJWKHORQJSULQWOHDGWLPHUHTXLUHG 7HGG 0LUJOLRWWD .%1: ZZZSDSD\VFRPRSG[KWPO!
,QDZD\WKRVHZHUHWKHPRUHH[FLWLQJWLPHVRI';LQJIRU ZKLFKDUHERWKIUHHZHHNO\VHUYLFHV,FRPSOHWHP\LQFRP
PH-XVWWXUQLQJRQWKHUDGLRDQGZDQGHULQJWKHEDQGVOLV LQJLQIRUPDWLRQE\VXEVFULELQJWR³7KH'DLO\';´ E\%HUQLH
WHQLQJIRU';IRUFHGPHWR³OLVWHQ´ DZKROHORWPRUHWKDQ, 0F&OHQQ\:85ZKLFKLVZKDWLWLQIHUV² DGDLO\HPDLOVHU
GRQRZ:KHQDQHZRQHZDVIRXQGLWWUXO\ZDVPRUHH[FLW YLFH SURYLGLQJ XSWRGDWH '; LQIRUPDWLRQ %HUQLH HYHQ
LQJWKDQWKHFXUUHQWPHWKRGRIILQGLQJWKHSUHDQQRXQFHG'; LQFOXGHVDGGLWLRQDO³DVQHFHVVDU\´ HPDLOEXOOHWLQVIRUDFRP
VWDWLRQRQDVSRWWLQJFOXVWHUDQGJRLQJWRKLVIUHTXHQF\DQG SOHWH DQG WLPHO\ IORZ RI SHUWLQHQW '; VFRRS ZZZGDLO\
VWDUWFDOOLQJ%XWWLPHVKDYHFKDQJHG G[FRP! 7KHUH DUH RWKHU VRXUFHV RI RQOLQH '; QHZV RXW
$V,JRWDELWPRUHVHULRXV,VXEVFULEHGWRWKH/RQJ,VODQG WKHUHEXWWKHVHDUHWKHRQHV,XVHKHUH
';%XOOHWLQZKLFKDV,UHFDOOZRXOGVHQGRXWSRVWFDUGVZLWK 6RPH RWKHU '; QHZV VRXUFHV DUH ³G[QHZVFRP´
VSHFLDO DQQRXQFHPHQWV 7KHQ FDPH DORQJ IRU PH *XV KWWSVG[QHZVFRP!ZKLFKLVUXQRXWRI5XVVLDZLWKPXO
%URZQLQJ¶V 7KH ';HU PDJD]LQH +XJK &DVVLG\¶V :HVW WLSOH ³HGLWRUV´ IURP DURXQG WKH ZRUOG ³';ZRUOGQHW´
&RDVW '; %XOOHWLQ ³7KH '; %XOOHWLQ´ E\ &KRG +DUULV KWWSV';ZRUOGQHW!ZKLFK KDVDZRUOGZLGHSUHVHQFHDQG
³G[QRUJ´ ZZZG[QRUJ!ZKLFKLVEDVHGLQ,WDO\,
DYRLGRQOLQH';EORJV,W¶VMXVW³PH´ 2QH,DPDZDUHRILV
(PDLOQRR#FRPFDVWQHW! ';&RIIHHZKLFKLVEDVHGRQ';:RUOGQHWDWKWWSVG[
)RU WKRVH ZKR DUJXH WKDW )7 LVQ¶W

³UHDO KDP UDGLR´ KRZ GLIIHUHQW LV LW
UHDOO\IURPROGWLPH577<LQZKLFKD
ELJWHOHSULQWHUOHIW±ZKLFKFRXOGEH
FRQVLGHUHG D ODUJH PHFKDQLFDO FRP
SXWHU ² GHFRGHG DQG SULQWHG WKH
LQFRPLQJ PHVVDJH ZKLOH RXWJRLQJ
PHVVDJHVZHUHRIWHQVHQWE\DWDSH
UHDGHUULJKW"&4ILOHSKRWR
5HXVDEOHSHUIRUDWHGSDSHUWDSHH[DPSOHDERYHZDVXVHG

6LQFH UHWLUHPHQW 122 KDV IRFXVHG RQ FRQILUPLQJ E\ PDQ\ 577< RSHUDWRUV ³EDFN LQ WKH GD\´ WR WUDQVPLW
FRXQWULHVRQWKHDQGPHWHUEDQGVDQGRQILQLVK UHSHDWLQJPHVVDJHV,W¶VQRWPXFKGLIIHUHQWIURPDVWRUHG
LQJRIIKLV86$&$$OO&RXQWLHVDZDUGERWKPLVVLRQVDFFRP PDFUR IRU WRGD\¶V FRPSXWHUEDVHG GLJLWDO PRGHV &4
SOLVKHG+H¶VQRZIRFXVHGRQZRUNLQJ';RQPHWHUV ILOHSKRWR

Keep your gear in top shape
shape
with these lab grade and
d
affordable ham radio assessories
assessories
DPM6000 60 dB dynamic TDR Cable Radar® measure

m
range power and SWR meter length, faults, loss & Z
50ps ultra fast pulse gen. Two-tone test gen. tra

transmitter
ansmitter
mm TDR & rise time tests output quality tests
80* - 10 Meter bands

Station monitors, RF samplers, return loss bridges, directional
diirectional
Low loss LMR600* radiator pulssers and
couplers, attenuators, baluns, terminators, tuning pulsers
Copper tube induction loop more
15 - 45 W (10W for 80M)
Superior DX gain* (see website)
Quick tuning 6:1 calibrated dial
Low loss cap PCB mounted
*80M option on HG-1 model, when compared to a Rugged compact tripod
commercial portable dipole 20M at 10', SOTA model
uses 3/8" lighter weight Cell Flex radiator. Deluxe carrying bag
ZRUOGQHWWDJG[FRIIHH!%XW,ZHOFRPHLQIRUPDWLRQRQDQ\ ,I\RXHQMR\WKHROGIDVKLRQHGZD\RIWXUQLQJ
DQG DOO RWKHU RQOLQH ';RULHQWHG QHZV RXWOHWV ,¶OO JODGO\ RQ\RXUUDGLRDQGEOLQGO\ZDQGHULQJWKH
LQFOXGHLQIXWXUHFROXPQV
/RFDOO\ RXU '; FOXE WKH 6RXWK -HUVH\ '; $VVRFLDWLRQ EDQGVWRVHHZKDW\RXFDQZRUNWKHQGRLW
ZZZVMG[DRUJ! KDV D ³PHPEHUV RQO\´ GLVFXVVLRQ OLVW ,ZLOORIWHQGRWKDWKHUHP\VHOI,WLVUHDOO\
ZKHUHZHVRPHWLPHVSRVWFXUUHQW';VWDWLRQDFWLYLW\:HGR HQMR\DEOH%XWZKHQ,DPVHULRXVO\ORRNLQJ
WKLVDVDPLQLDWXUHYHUVLRQRIRXURZQ';VSRWWLQJQHWZRUN IRUEDQGILOOHUV,XVHZKDWHYHUUHVRXUFH
2IFRXUVHZHDOOXVH';6XPPLWRURQHRIWKHPDQ\OLQNVWR ,FDQILQG
';VSRWWLQJQHWZRUNVWKDWDUHDYDLODEOHRXWWKHUH$QGWKHQ
WKHUHLV7(;7,1*7KHPHWKRGVRIEHLQJLQIRUPHGVHHPHQG
OHVVWRGD\
6RPXFKIRUWKHKLVWRU\RIKRZZH³IRXQG';´ RQWKHDLU RQZRUNLQJDQGFRQILUPLQJHQWLWLHVRQ"1RWHDV\
LQWKHROGGD\VDQGKRZZHFDQNHHSLQIRUPHGLQWRGD\¶V HVSHFLDOO\LI\RXKDYHDPRGHVWDQWHQQDV\VWHPEXWZLWK
';ZRUOG7LPHVKDYHFKDQJHGTXLWHDELWRYHUWKH\HDUV &:DQG)7LWLVQRZSHUKDSVZLWKLQUHDFKDQGDZKROH
:KDW,WHOODQ\RQHZKRZLOOOLVWHQLVWRFKDVH';RQ\RXU ORWRIIXQWRDFFRPSOLVK
RZQWHUPV,I\RXHQMR\WKHROGIDVKLRQHGZD\RIWXUQLQJRQ $QRWKHUFKDOOHQJHWKDWKDVEHFRPHYHU\SRSXODUUHFHQWO\
\RXUUDGLRDQGEOLQGO\ZDQGHULQJWKHEDQGVWRVHHZKDW\RX KDVEHHQPHWHU';&&FKDVLQJ$ELWPRUHFKDOOHQJLQJEXW
FDQZRUNWKHQGRLW,ZLOORIWHQGRWKDWKHUHP\VHOI,WLV DJDLQHVSHFLDOO\ZLWK)7LWKDVEHFRPHSRVVLEOH)RUPH
UHDOO\HQMR\DEOH%XWZKHQ,DPVHULRXVO\ORRNLQJIRUEDQG DIWHU,UHWLUHG,KDGWZRSHUVRQDOFKDOOHQJHVWKDW,SODFHGRQ
ILOOHUV,XVHZKDWHYHUUHVRXUFH,FDQILQG8VXDOO\,OHWP\ P\VHOI2QHZDVWR³ZRUNWKH:$5&EDQGV´ DQGFRQILUP
ORJJLQJSURJUDPDGYLVHPHZKHQD³VSRWWHG';VWDWLRQ´ LV SOXVHQWLWLHVRQHDFK0\VHFRQGFKDOOHQJHZDVWRFRPSOHWH
DQHZRQHIRUPH0\DGYLFHWRP\';FKDVLQJIULHQGVLV P\86$&$86$&RXQWLHVDZDUG,KDGZRUNHGDQGFRQ
WRPDNHLWDSULRULW\WRZRUN³$OO7LPH1HZ2QHV´ $712V ILUPHGDERXWKDOIRIDOO86$FRXQWLHVXSXQWLOWKDWWLPHVR,
ILUVW(VSHFLDOO\GR127PLVVDQ\PDMRU';SHGLWLRQKHDG SXWIXOOHQHUJ\LQWRDFFRPSOLVKLQJWKDWIHDW1RWVSHFLILFDOO\
LQJWRDUDUHHQWLW\)RUH[DPSOHLI\RXQHHG%289(7WKHQ ';UHODWHGEXWGHILQLWHO\³FRQWDFWÚHODWHGIRUVXUH&KDVLQJ
GR127PLVVWKHQH[WDFWLYLW\IURP%RXYHW,I\RXPLVVLW DQRQDLUDZDUGLVFHUWDLQO\DIRUPRI';LQJ,WWRRNPHDFRX
\RXPD\EHZDLWLQJDQRWKHU\HDUVIRUWKHQH[WDFWLY SOHRI\HDUVWRILQLVKEXW,ILQDOO\JRWWKDWEHDXWLIXOFHUWLILFDWH
LW\$V\RXFOLPEWKH';ODGGHUDQGZRUNWKRVH$712V\RX 86$&$
FDQ DOZD\V H[SDQG \RXU KRUL]RQ WRZDUGV ZRUNLQJ '; RQ 0\FXUUHQWFKDOOHQJHLVZRUNLQJ';RQ)7RQDOOEDQGV
SHUKDSVDVSHFLILFEDQGRUDOOEDQGV0D\EHFRQFHQWUDWH IURPWRPHWHUV,KDYHKHDUGWKHQD\VD\HUVRXWWKHUH

what’s new &:
7KH:3;3URJUDP
650: W5UJ, NØBAK, K1VWJ. 750: KC5RR. 800: VE2SYQ, N3DF. 850:
IZØFYW, N7XCZ. 900: N3HCN. 1050: KB9DAK, KC9UL. 1100:
7KH$55/2SHUDWLQJ0DQXDOIRU 3927. . . . . . . . . . . . JAØDVE 3930. . . . . . . . . . . . HB9CAT K6KZM. 1150: N1CNG. 1300: JK1EXO, N3OUC. 1400: KB8VAO.
3928 . . . . . . . . . . . . . N7XCZ 3931 . . . . . . . . . . . . K6KZM 1450: W9HBH. 1750: DL6JZ, AE4WG. 1800: N5KAE. 1950: IZØFUW.
$PDWHXU5DGLRWK (GLWLRQ 3929. . . . . . . . . . . . SP6OPC 3932 . . . . . . . . . . . . N3OUC 2300: G4FKA. 2450: VK5CE. 2950: HB9BIN.
:KLOH WKH +DQGERRN
66% Digital: 350: N6DDG, PU2GTA. 400: OH6HSD, OK1VP, IUØAWH,
DQG $QWHQQD %RRN N8URE, N2WWD, R9JAU. 450: SP6OPC, KD7HCW, HB9CAT, WO9I.
VKRZ\RXKRZWRJHW 4251 . . . . . . . . . . . . . DL1CZ 4253 . . . . . . . . . . . . K4MVM 500: KB9DAK, JG5VFK, VU2EOJ, K6KZM, KC7CM. 550: EA7IDH,
4252 . . . . . . . . . . . . . N4LKE 4254. . . . . . . . . . . . HB9CAT PDØDNA, NØBAK. 650: KB8VAO, DL6JZ. 700: KC5RR, W9HBH. 750:
RQWKHDLUWKH$55/ KC9UL. 800: VE2SYQ. 900: JK1EXO. 950: N3OUC. 1100: IZØFUW.
2SHUDWLQJ 0DQXDO LV 0L[HG 1150: N1CNG. 1250: HB9CAT. 1300: AA8R, AE4WG. 1350: G4FKA.
JHDUHG WRZDUG ZKDW 3918 . . . . . . . . . . . . EA7IDH 3928. . . . . . . . . . . . . OK1VP
1500: K2YYY. 1900: HB9BIN.
WRGRRQWKHDLU7KLV 3919 . . . . . . . . . . . . N6DDG 3929 . . . . . . . . . . . . NØBAK 160 Meters: N1CNG, DL6JZ, OK1VP, NØBAK, HB9CAT, K6KZM,
KDQG\ JXLGH FRYHUV 3920 . . . . . . . . . . . . W8EWH 3930 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7N4GIB WO9I, G4FKA
3921 . . . . . . . . . . . YB8OBM 3931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . F6JSZ 80 Meters: N1CNG, KD7HCW, G4FKA
HYHU\ RQDLU DFWLYLW\ 3922. . . . . . . . . . . . KP4ASG 3932. . . . . . . . . . . . EU1ADY 60 Meters: KB8VAO, DL6JZ
\RXFDQWKLQNRIIURP 3923 . . . . . . . . . . . . . DL1CZ 3933. . . . . . . . . . . . HB9CAT 40 Meters: W8EWH, YB8OBM, W5UJ, N1CNG, VE2SYQ, N5KAE,
3924 . . . . . . . . . . . . N1CNG 3934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WO9I EU1ADY, HB9CAT, JK1EXO, N2WWD, G4FKA, IZØFUW
VLPSOH UDJFKHZLQJ WR SXEOLF VHUYLFH 3925 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WØZI 3935 . . . . . . . . . . . UA6AHR 30 Meters: N1CNG, IZØFYW, DL6JZ, IZØFUW
FKDVLQJ '; WU\LQJ QHZ EDQGV DQG 3926 . . . . . . . . . . . . N4DOU 3936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . R9JAU 20 Meters: N6DDG, N1CNG, KB9DAK, JG5VFK, KC5RR, NØBAK,
PRGHVDQGZRUNLQJDFRQWHVW 3927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . VK5CE 3937 . . . . . . . . . . . . KC7CM IUØAWH, HB9CAT, K6KZM, JK1EXO, N8URE, G4FKA
17 Meters: N1CNG, KC5RR, IZØFUW
,W LV EURNHQ XS LQWR WKUHH VHFWLRQV 'LJLWDO 15 Meters: JAØDVE, N1CNG, KB9DAK, K6KZM
6HFWLRQFRYHUVEDVLFVWDWLRQDQGRSHU 10 Meters: DL6JZ, IZØFUW
1149 . . . . . . . . . . . . N6DDG 1159 . . . . . . . . . . . KD2RWC
DWLQJWHFKQLTXHV6HFWLRQFRYHUVSXE 1150. . . . . . . . . . . . SP6OPC 1160 . . . . . . . . . . . . K4MVM Asia: JAØDVE, DL6JZ, IWØAWH, VU2EOJ, HB9CAT, UA6AHR,
OLF VHUYLFH DFWLYLWLHV DQG WKH EHQHILWV RI 1151 . . . . . . . . . . . . W8EWH 1161 . . . . . . . . . . . . VU2EOJ R9JAU, KC7CM
1152 . . . . . . . . . . . YB8OBM 1162. . . . . . . . . . . . HB9CAT Europe: EA7IDH, SP6OPC, KP4ASG, JAØDVE, DL1CZ, N1CNG,
MRLQLQJ KDP UDGLR FOXEV DQG 6HFWLRQ 1153. . . . . . . . . . . . KP4ASG 1163 . . . . . . . . . . . . K6KZM KB9DAK, ES1RAM, JG5VFK, DL6JZ, VK5CE, OK1VP, IWØAWH,
FRYHUVRQDLUUDGLRVSRUWIURPFKDVLQJ'; 1154 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WE3J 1164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WO9I F6JSZ, EU1ADY, VU2EOJ, HB9CAT, UA6AHR, N2WWD, R9JAU
WRDZDUGVDQGFRQWHVWLQJ 1155 . . . . . . . . . . . . N1CNG 1165. . . . . . . . . . . . . N8URE Oceania: JAØDVE, JG5VFK
1156 . . . . . . . . . . . ES1RAM 1166 . . . . . . . . . . . . . R9JAU North America: N6DDG, W8EWH, KP4ASG, N1CNG, KB9DAK,
7KH $55/ 2SHUDWLQJ 0DQXDO IRU 1157. . . . . . . . . . . . . OK1VP 1167 . . . . . . . . . . . . N3OUC N4DOU, NØBAK, N7XCZ, KD2RWC, K4MVM, HB9CAT, K6KZM,
$PDWHXU5DGLRWK (GLWLRQ LVDYDLODEOH 1158 . . . . . . . . . . . . NØBAK 1168 . . . . . . . . . . . . KC7CM WO9I, N8URE, KC7CM
South America: KB8VAO, N5KAE, G4FKA
QRZDQGKDVDVXJJHVWHGUHWDLOSULFHRI CW: 400: HB9CAT, K6KZM. 450: KC9UL, N3OUC. 500: WU1V. 550:
)RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFWWKH KB8VAO. 700: N5KAE, DL6JZ, JK1EXO. 800: JAØDVE. 850: N3HCN. Complete rules and application forms may be obtained by sending a
1600: G4FKA. 4950: W8IQ. business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelope (foreign stations
$55/DW0DLQ6WUHHW1HZLQJWRQ&7 send extra postage for airmail) to "CQ WPX Awards," P.O. Box 355,
3KRQH SSB: 350: DL1CZ, N4DOU, HB9CAT. 550: MIØGTA. 600: JK1EXO. New Carlisle, OH 45344 USA. Note: WPX will now accept prefix-
:HEVLWHZZZDUUORUJ! 700: K6KZM. 1050: KB8VAO. 1350: N5KAE. 1450: G4FKA. 3200: es/calls which have been confirmed by eQSL.cc. and the ARRL
UT7DX. Logbook of The World (LoTW).
Mixed: 500: N4DOU, KD7HCW, OK1VP, IUØAWH. 550: EA7IDH, *Please Note: The price of the 160, 30, 17, 12, 6, and Digital bars for
N6DDG, PDØDNA, JG5VFK, WO9I, UA6AHR, KC7CM. 600: N2WWD. the Award of Excellence are $6.50 each.
what’s new &4';)LHOG$ZDUG+RQRU5ROO

7KH&4';)LHOG$ZDUG+RQRU5ROOUHFRJQL]HVWKRVH';HUVZKRKDYHVXEPLWWHGSURRIRIFRQILUPDWLRQZLWKRUPRUHJULG
5)0:1RZ6WRFNV$PSOHRQ ILHOGV+RQRU5ROOOLVLWLQJLVDXWRPDWLFXSRQDSSURYDORIDQDSSOLFDWLRQIRURUPRUHJULGILHOGV7RUHPDLQRQWKH&4';
)LHOG$ZDUG+RQRU5ROODQQXDOXSGDWHVDUHUHTXLUHG8SGDWHVPXVWEHDFFRPSDQLHGE\DQ6$6(LIFRQILUPDWLRQLVGHVLUHG
7UDQVLVWRUV 7KHIHHIRUHQGRUVHPHQWVWLFNHUVLVHDFKSOXV6$6(3OHDVHPDNHDOOFKHFNVSD\DEOHWRWKH$ZDUG0DQDJHU.HLWK
*LOEHUWVRQ0DLODOOXSGDWHVWR.HLWK*LOEHUWVRQ.Ø.*6DQG\%HDFK/DQH5RFKHUW01
5)0:LVQRZRIIHULQJGHVLJQDQGVDOHV
VXSSRUW IRU D KLJKSRZHU WUDQVLVWRU 0L[HG
IURP$PSOHRQ7KH$57.)(SRZHU
.74& +$$*6 )+0- %$':
/'026WUDQVLVWRUSURYLGHVZDWWV :&8 $&< .)81 +%''=
RI SXOVHG 5) HQHUJ\ IRU ,60 DSSOLFD 9(,* .<& 209/ .$8
+$'8 :,$ 9(603 .<72
WLRQVLQWKHKLJKIUHTXHQF\WR0+] 20-: 9(== 5:1+ :25
EDQG+LJKEUHDNGRZQYROWDJHHQDEOHV :2$7 .22. ,9*2: 15&
FODVV( RSHUDWLRQ XS WR YROWV 9'6 ,.*3* .'(4 +%$$$ .6+=
2.$'0 +$$* 1.( .-3
ZKLOHWKH$57.)(LVTXDOLILHGXSWR +$:$ -16$& :// :;.
DPD[LPXP9'6RIYROWV,QWHJUDWHG .6,; +$33 .18 :2''
+$5: :$9*, 21&$6 1):
GXDO VLGHG (6' SURWHFWLRQ HQDEOHV 9(;1 :80 1,& :$3,(
FODVV&RSHUDWLRQDQGFRPSOHWHVZLWFK ,7 100 11; +%%26
135 2.$29 +$=+ 1.6
RIIRIWKHWUDQVLVWRU
$PSOHRQ¶V WUDQVLVWRUV DUH DYDLODEOH
QRZZLWKSULFLQJYDU\LQJE\PRGHO)RU 66%
PRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW5)0:
:&8 .'(4 :$9*, 1):
0DUWLQYDOH/DQH6DQ-RVH&$ :$%: :80 100 '/';;
3KRQH(PDLOLQIR# 9(603 -16$& ://
UIPZFRP!
&:
:&8 -16$& 2.$29 100
+$:$ '/';; :$9*, 2.32
'/.9$ '/';$ 1,& 11;
.'(4 :80 +%'== 1:2
'LJLWDO
:&8

FRPSODLQLQJDERXW)7%XWQRERG\FDQ ZD\V , KDYH $/:$<6 HQFRXUDJHG
DUJXHMXVWKRZSRSXODULWKDVEHFRPH ';HUV WR FKDVH WKH DZDUGV QRW WKH
:KHQDEDQGLVRSHQWKHYHU\QDUURZ ³VHULDOQXPEHUV´ RIWKHDZDUGV
SDVVEDQGZDWHUIDOOLVXVXDOO\FKRFNIXOO
RI VWDWLRQV DQG ZRUNLQJ '; LV IDLUO\
HDV\ 6XUH WKH FRPSXWHU LV GRLQJ D
My 60-Meter Update
JRRGSDUWRIWKH³ZRUN´ EXWQRWDOO7KH 6LQFH,UHSRUWHGWR\RXLQWKH'HFHPEHU
VDPH FRXOG EH DUJXHG DERXW 577< ';FROXPQ,KDGRQO\KDG21(
ZKLFK KDV EHHQ DURXQG ORQJHU WKDQ 462RQPHWHUV.11DYDVVDIURP
66% ,Q WKH ROG GD\V LW ZDV D ³ODUJH D IHZ \HDUV DJR 6LQFH WKHQ , JRW
PHFKDQLFDO´ FRPSXWHU WKLQN DERXW LW P\VHOIEXV\2QHHYHQLQJ,GHFLGHGWR
WKDWFRSLHGWKHPHVVDJHDQGSULQWHGLW ZDQGHUGRZQWRPHWHUVDQGSHHNDW
RQ SDSHU DQG VHQGLQJ D PHVVDJH )7 FKDQQHO 0+] DV VXJ
ZRXOGUHTXLUHPDQXDOO\W\SLQJWKHPHV JHVWHGE\-RH:*(;,ZDVDPD]HG
VDJH XQOHVV \RX KDG D ³SHUIRUDWHG DWKRZEXV\WKH)7DFWLYLW\ZDVWKHUH
WDSH´ UXQQLQJDVWDQGDUGPHVVDJHLQWR ,GHFLGHGWRWU\P\DYDLODEOHDQWHQQDV
WKH77<PDFKLQH7RGD\LWLVVRIWZDUH WRVHHLIDQ\ZRXOG³WXQH´ RQPHWHUV
6RKHUHLVP\DGYLFHWR';HUVHYHU\ , IRXQG WKDW P\ PHWHU LQYHUWHG /
7KH PHWHUVRQOLQH ZHEVLWH RIIHUV ZKHUH(1-2<WKLVDZHVRPHFRUQHURI ZRUNHG E\ XVLQJ WKH LQWHUQDO WXQHU RQ
DZDUGVIRUVWDWHVDQGFRXQWULHVZRUNHG RXUJUHDWDPDWHXUUDGLRKREE\&KDVLQJ P\.,SURFHHGHGWRFDOO&4DQGP\
RQ WKH 0+] EDQG 6HH ZZZ ';LVGHILQLWHO\DPXOWLIDFHWHGSDVWLPH ILUVW462ZDVZLWK,,*6LQ,WDO\,FRQ
PHWHUVRQOLQHFRP!IRUGHWDLOV WKDWZHFDQDOOHQMR\LQRXURZQVSHFLDO WLQXHGSRNLQJDURXQGIRUDERXWDQKRXU
ZRUNLQJ VWDWLRQV LQ HQWLWLHV WKH
IXUWKHVW EHLQJ ;'. LQ ,VUDHO $V D
The WAZ Program PDWWHURIIDFWLWZDVQ¶WXQWLO462QXP
SINGLE BAND WAZ
6 Meter Updates 20 Meter RTTY CQ DX Awards Program
82...........................SP5ECC
141 .........DK1FW, 37 Zones 133 ..........DK2LO, 27 Zones
20 Meter SSB 1R8SGDWH
10 Meter CW
1256......................JA1GRM
221 ............................NDØN 7KHEDVLFDZDUGIHHIRUVXEVFULEHUVWR&4 LV)RUQRQ
30 Meter CW VXEVFULEHUVLWLV,QRUGHUWRTXDOLI\IRUWKHUHGXFHG
12 Meter CW VXEVFULEHU UDWH SOHDVH HQFORVH \RXU ODWHVW &4 PDLOLQJ
159 ............................NDØN ODEHO ZLWK \RXU DSSOLFDWLRQ (QGRUVHPHQW VWLFNHUV DUH
HDFKSOXV6$6(8SGDWHVQRWLQYROYLQJWKHLVVXDQFH
105 ............................NDØN 106 ...........................4Z4DX
30 Meter Digital RIDVWLFNHUDUHIUHH$OOXSGDWHVDQGFRUUHVSRQGHQFHPXVW
LQFOXGHDQ6$6(5XOHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQIRUPVIRUWKH&4
15 Meter CW '; $ZDUGV PD\ EH IRXQG RQ WKH ZZZFTDPDWHXU
7.............................SP6TRX
UDGLRFRP! ZHEVLWH RU PD\ EH REWDLQHG E\ VHQGLQJ D
371 ............................NDØN
40 Meter CW EXVLQHVVVL]HVHOIDGGUHVVHGVWDPSHGHQYHORSHWR&4
';$ZDUGV0DQDJHU3OHDVHPDNHFKHFNVSD\DEOHWRWKH
17 Meter CW $ZDUG0DQDJHU.HLWK*LOEHUWVRQ0DLODOOXSGDWHVWR.HLWK
329 ............................NDØN
*LOEHUWVRQ .Ø.* 6DQG\ %HDFK /DQH 5RFKHUW
128 ............................NDØN 160 Meter 0186$:HUHFRJQL]HDFWLYHFRXQWULHV
17 Meter Digital 3OHDVHPDNHDOOFKHFNVSD\DEOHWRWKHDZDUGPDQDJHU
606 .........RN1ON, 36 Zones 611 ............RU6L, 39 Zones 3KRWRFRSLHV RI GRFXPHQWDWLRQ LVVXHG E\ UHFRJQL]HG
3.............................SP6TRX
607 .........RWØLT, 40 Zones 612............9A6W, 40 Zones QDWLRQDO$PDWHXU5DGLRDVVRFLDWLRQVWKDWVSRQVRULQWHU
20 Meter CW 608 .......JO7KMB, 30 Zones 613............W7CT, 31 Zones QDWLRQDODZDUGVPD\EHDFFHSWDEOHIRU&4';DZDUGFUHG
609............RUØA, 30 Zones 614.............K3PA, 30 Zones LW LQ OLHX RI KDYLQJ 46/ FDUGV FKHFNHG 'RFXPHQWDWLRQ
653.........................SP6TRX 655 ............................NDØN 610...........VE3DZ, 33 Zones PXVWOLVWLWHPL]HFRXQWULHVWKDWKDYHEHHQFUHGLWHGWRDQ
654 .............................KS1J DSSOLFDQW6FUHHQSULQWRXWVIURPH46/FFWKDWOLVWFRXQ
160 Meter Updates WULHVFRQILUPHGWKURXJKWKHLUV\VWHPDUHDOVRDFFHSWDEOH
20 Meter Digital 6FUHHQSULQWRXWVOLVWLQJFRXQWULHVFUHGLWHGWRDQDSSOLFDQW
500 ..........DK2LO, 36 Zones 199 ............K1UO, 40 Zones WKURXJKDQHOHFWURQLFORJJLQJV\VWHPRIIHUHGE\DQDWLRQ
547 ............R5DT, 40 Zones 611 ............RU6L, 40 Zones DO$PDWHXU5DGLRRUJDQL]DWLRQDOVRPD\EHDFFHSWDEOH
13...........................SP6TRX 211 ..........UA3AB, 40 Zones 511.............RL8C, 40 Zones &RQWDFWWKH&4';$ZDUG0DQDJHUIRUVSHFLILFGHWDLOV
ALL BAND WAZ
CW Mixed
The CQ DX Field Award Program
1065 ......................JA6GMC 1068 ........................IK5XCT 9796.........................DK9WI 9803 .........................KF5BA
1066 ......................SV2DGH 1069 ......................IZØHTW 9797 .......................JE4PVC 9804 .........................YB1TJ 1R8SGDWH
1067 .......................DL5MM 1070 ...........................RL8C 9798 ......................JA6GMC 9805 .......................SP3TLJ
9799..........................UA3FF 9806 ........................DK3UA
Digital 9800 ........................RK6AH 9807.........................UX5XK 7KHEDVLFDZDUGIHHIRUVXEVFULEHUVWR&4 LV)RU
9801...........................NØOJ 9808 ...........................RL8C QRQVXEVFULEHUV LW LV ,Q RUGHU WR TXDOLI\ IRU WKH
122 .........................JP1LRT 124 .............................RL8C 9802 ........................DL1QQ 9809.........................S6SCC
123 ............................W7CT UHGXFHGVXEVFULEHUUDWHSOHDVHHQFORVH\RXUODWHVW&4
PDLOLQJODEHOZLWK\RXUDSSOLFDWLRQ(QGRUVHPHQWVWLFN
RTTY HUVDUHHDFKSOXV6$6(8SGDWHVQRWLQYROYLQJ
SSB WKHLVVXDQFHRIDVWLFNHUDUHIUHH$OOXSGDWHVDQGFRU
UHVSRQGHQFHPXVWLQFOXGHDQ6$6(5XOHVDQGDSSOL
5461.......................IZ4HTW 5462 .........................KF5BA 299 .........................VE2EBK
FDWLRQIRUPVIRUWKH&4';$ZDUGVPD\EHIRXQGRQ
WKHZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP!ZHEVLWHRUPD\EH
5XOHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQVIRUWKH:$=SURJUDPPD\EHREWDLQHGE\VHQGLQJDODUJH6$(ZLWKWZRXQLWVRISRVWDJHRUDQDGGUHVV REWDLQHG E\ VHQGLQJ D EXVLQHVVVL]H VHOIDGGUHVVHG
ODEHODQGWR:$=$ZDUG0DQDJHU-RKQ%HUJPDQ.&/.'HHU7UDLO%UDQGRQ067KHSURFHVV VWDPSHGHQYHORSHWR&4';$ZDUGV0DQDJHU .HLWK
LQJIHHIRUDOO&4 DZDUGVLVIRUVXEVFULEHUVSOHDVHLQFOXGH\RXUPRVWUHFHQW&4 PDLOLQJODEHORUDFRS\DQG *LOEHUWVRQ.Ø.*6DQG\%HDFK/DQH5RFKHUW
IRUQRQVXEVFULEHUV3OHDVHPDNHDOOFKHFNVSD\DEOHWR-RKQ%HUJPDQ$SSOLFDQWVVHQGLQJ46/FDUGVWRD&4 FKHFNSRLQW 0186$3OHDVHPDNHDOOFKHFNVSD\DEOH
RUWKH$ZDUG0DQDJHUPXVWLQFOXGHUHWXUQSRVWDJH.&/.PD\DOVREHUHDFKHGYLDHPDLONFON#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! WRWKHDZDUGPDQDJHU

EHUWKDW,ILQDOO\ZRUNHGP\ILUVW86$ Dayton DX Dinner
.*3+$VRIWRGD\DIWHUDERXWRQH
7KH6RXWK:HVW2KLR';$VVRFLDWLRQ6:2';$ZLOOVSRQVRUWKHWK DQQXDO
IXOO PRQWK RI SDUW WLPH DFWLYLW\ RQ
';'LQQHUKHOGLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKH'D\WRQ+DPYHQWLRQRQ)ULGD\
PHWHUV,KDYHPDGH462VZKLFK
0D\WKDWWKH'D\WRQ0DUULRWW63DWWHUVRQ%OYG'D\WRQ2+
LQFOXGHG';HQWLWLHVVWDWHV
:HZLOOKDYHDQRWKHUIDQWDVWLFDUUD\RIJUHDWSUL]HVDWWKHGLQQHUDQGWKH
&4]RQHVDQGFRQWLQHQWV
IRUXP7KHUHZLOOEHDFDVKEDUVWDUWLQJDWSPZLWKGLQQHUVHUYHGDW
7KHRWKHUGD\,EXLOWDUHDOPHWHU
)ROORZLQJWKHHYHQWWKHUHZLOOEHDVHSDUDWHURRPDQGFDVKEDUDYDLODEOHIRU
LQYHUWHG9 DQWHQQD DQG SXW LW XS DW
PRUHIHOORZVKLS7KLVLVDQH[FHOOHQWRSSRUWXQLW\WRPHHWQHZKDPVDQGWRUHQHZ
DERXWIHHW,WVHHPVWRZRUNILQHEXW
ROGDFTXDLQWDQFHVDVZHOODVWROHDUQDERXWSDVW';SHGLWLRQVDQGWKRVHLQWKH
WKHLQYHUWHG/LVKLJKHUDQGVHHPVWR
SODQQLQJVWDJHV
ZRUNMXVWDVZHOOLIQRWDELWEHWWHUVR
7KH0DUULRWWLVYHU\DFFRPPRGDWLQJWRDJURXSRXUVL]H7KHGLQLQJURRPLV
IDUEXWLWKDVRQO\EHHQXSIRUDFRXSOH
RQWKHJURXQGIORRUVRWKHUHDUHQRVWHSVWKHGLQLQJURRPLVYHU\ODUJHDQG
RIGD\V,UHDOL]HWKDWWKHUHDUHQRPDMRU
WKHUHLVDPSOHIUHHRQVLWHSDUNLQJ7KLVGLQQHULVDOZD\VZHOODWWHQGHGE\VRPH
DZDUGV FXUUHQWO\ RIIHUHG IRU PHWHU
RIWKHPRVWDYLG';HUVLQWKHZRUOG7KHGLQQHUKDGRYHUDWWHQGHHV
DFWLYLW\ E\ $55/ RU &4 &4¶V :3;
$VLQWKHSDVWWKHUHZLOOEHVRPHPDMRUGRRUSUL]HVDQGWKHUHLVDOZD\VJUHDW
DZDUG RIIHUV D PHWHU VLQJOHEDQG
DQWLFLSDWLRQDVWRZKRZLOOEHQDPHGWKH³';SHGLWLRQRIWKH<HDU´WKH³,27$
HQGRUVHPHQW±HG+RZHYHU\RXFDQ
';3HGLWLRQHURIWKH<HDU´DVZHOODVWKHLQGXFWHHVLQWRWKH&4';+DOORI
ZRUN WRZDUGV '; DQG :$6 DZDUGV
)DPHGXULQJWKHGLQQHU
RIIHUHGE\PHWHUVRQOLQHFRP!,QIR
7LFNHWV PD\ EH SXUFKDVHG RQ WKH 6:2';$ (YHQWV ZHEVLWH DW KWWSV
LV ORFDWHG LQ WKH KHDGHU RI WKHLU ZHE
WLQ\XUOFRPVSSSZ!3URJUDPGHWDLOVDQGDOLVWRIWKHSUL]HVZLOOEHRQWKH
SDJH , DP KDYLQJ )81 RQ D 1(:
ZHEVLWHDVWKH\EHFRPHDYDLODEOHDQGXSGDWHVZLOOEHVHQWRXWUHJXODUO\YLD
%$1' IRU WKLV 2/' +$0 DW OHDVW ,
7ZLWWHU )ROORZ XV RQ 7ZLWWHU #6:2';$ <RX FDQ DOVR FKHFN KWWSV
UHFRPPHQGUHUHDGLQJWKHDUWLFOHZULW
WLQ\XUOFRPUJ]WE!IRUWKHODWHVWQHZV
WHQE\-RH:*(;LQWKH'HFHPEHU
&4 ';&ROXPQIRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQ
PHWHURSHUDWLRQ 5 Band WAZ
± 'LWGLWGH122
$VRI-DQXDU\ 7KHIROORZLQJKDYHTXDOLILHGIRUWKHEDVLF%DQG
VWDWLRQVKDYHDWWDLQHGDWOHDVWWKH=RQHOHYHO :$=$ZDUG
DQG
VWDWLRQVKDYHDWWDLQHGWKH=RQHOHYHO &DOOVLJQ %:$= 'DWH =RQHV
'.:,
$VRI-DQXDU\ ,(,6
Looking Ahead 7KHWRSFRQWHQGHUVIRU%DQG:$= =RQHVQHHGHGRQ
RURWKHULILQGLFDWHG
&+$1*(6VKRZQLQ%2/'
:41
5'7
59/2

58/
+HUHDUHVRPHRIWKHDUWLFOHVZH¶UH '/44
$:
ZRUNLQJRQIRUXSFRPLQJLVVXHVRI &DOOVLJQ =RQHV =RQHV &DOOVLJQ =RQHV =RQHV ..;
1HHGHG 1HHGHG :977
$.$ 92)%
'0(( :)- 8SGDWHVWRWKH%:$=OLVWRIVWDWLRQV
($*3 RQ0 :)=
($50 :/. &DOOVLJQ %:$= 'DWH =RQHV
($*) :12 :$+
:70'
+06 :/, 1+7:
+$+: :80 :$$/<
+$$*6 :'1 -58,&
,5($ :5.& -.(;2
66%5HVXOWV&4:RUOG:LGH ,.;%; RQ0 :70'
,.$2' :;< 1HZUHFLSLHQWVRI%DQG:$=ZLWKDOO=RQHV
';&RQWHVW ,.%4( :$0+- FRQILUPHG
7KH0DJLFRIWKH(QG)HG+DOI ,==15 :$%&.
%:$= &DOOVLJQ 'DWH $OO
-$&0' $,
:DYH$QWHQQD -$,8 ($%&;
'.:,
5'7
$8QLTXH46/:==$3 -$;%* )1%8 59/2
-+&); *.'* 58/
-.%60 *.04 $:
«DQGRIFRXUVH« -.(;2 +%)01 RQ :977
./, ,(,6 RQ
3URIHVVRU +HLVVHOXIW RQ :RUNLQJ .5' -$'0
.+% 5XOHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQVIRUWKH:$=SURJUDPPD\EHREWDLQHG
WKH5HSXEOLFRI8]XSLV .)89
-$*1 RQ
E\VHQGLQJDODUJH6$(ZLWKWZRXQLWVRISRVWDJHRUDQDGGUHVV
-$064 RQ
.75 -+((% ODEHO DQG WR :$= $ZDUG 0DQDJHU -RKQ %HUJPDQ
.&/.'HHU7UDLO%UDQGRQ067KHSUR
8SFRPLQJ6SHFLDO,VVXHV .85 .(3
FHVVLQJIHHIRUWKH%:$=DZDUGLVIRUVXEVFULEHUV
..8 RQ .7.
-XQH 7DNHLWWRWKH)LHOG .%(2 SOHDVHLQFOXGH\RXUPRVWUHFHQW&4 PDLOLQJODEHORUDFRS\
.-*-
DQGIRUQRQVXEVFULEHUV$QHQGRUVHPHQWIHHRI
.=9
2FWREHU (PHUJHQF\ /8';
./5
.3$

IRUVXEVFULEHUVDQGIRUQRQVXEVFULEHUVLVFKDUJHGIRU
&RPPXQLFDWLRQV HDFKDGGLWLRQDO]RQHVFRQILUPHG3OHDVHPDNHDOOFKHFNV
181 .-/' SD\DEOHWR-RKQ%HUJPDQ$SSOLFDQWVVHQGLQJ46/FDUGVWR
'HFHPEHU 7HFKQRORJ\ 11; .27 D&4 FKHFNSRLQWRUWKH$ZDUG0DQDJHUPXVWLQFOXGHUHWXUQ
1:: .=, SRVWDJH.&/.PD\DOVREHUHDFKHGYLDHPDLONFON#FT
1;5 147 DPDWHXUUDGLRFRP!
'R\RXKDYHDKREE\UDGLRVWRU\WR 1$$ 1**
5$$; RQ0
WHOO"3HUVRQDOKDPKLVWRU\IRURXUWK 58';
175
8$/<

RQ
RQ
3OHDVHQRWH&RVWRIWKH%DQG:$=3ODTXHLV
VKLSSHGZLWKLQWKH86DOOIRUHLJQVHQWDLUPDLO
DQQLYHUVDU\\HDU"6RPHWKLQJIRURQH 5:/7 RQ0 81-
5;+= 8600
RIRXUVSHFLDOV"&4 QRZFRYHUVWKH 5=(& RQ0 :&:4
HQWLUH UDGLR KREE\ 6HH RXU ZULWHUV¶ 64 :51 RQ
JXLGHOLQHV RQ WKH &4 ZHEVLWH DW 60%,3 :&1
635%* RQ0 :/(
KWWSELWO\T%)2G8! (7=7 =/$/

The WPX Honor Roll
7KH:3;+RQRU5ROOLVEDVHGRQWKHFXUUHQWFRQILUPHGSUHIL[HVZKLFKDUHVXEPLWWHGE\VHSDUDWHDSSOLFDWLRQLQVWULFWFRQIRUPDQFHZLWKWKH
&40DVWHU3UHIL[OLVW6FRUHVDUHEDVHGRQWKHFXUUHQWSUHIL[WRWDOUHJDUGOHVVRIDQRSHUDWRU¶VDOOWLPHFRXQW+RQRU5ROOPXVWEHXSGDWHG
DQQXDOO\E\DGGLWLRQWRRUFRQILUPDWLRQRISUHVHQWWRWDO,IQRXSGDWHILOHVZLOOEHPDGHLQDFWLYH
MIXED
8891 ........9A2AA 4837 .....WA5VGI 3459 ..........W9IL 2340 ...........NE6I 1798.........N6PM 1462 .......AC7JM 1219........K6HRT 1032 .....DG5LAC 736 .......JA3MAT
8021 ..........K2VV 4757........I2MQP 3099 ..........N6FX 2293 ....WA6KHK 1784.......JR3UIC 1462.......DL4CW 1217........AB1QB 1023 ......N4WQH 718 ........KE4PLT
7551.........W1CU 4681......JH8BOE 3073 ......IK2DZN 2225......JH1APK 1771 ..........NIØC 1447 ..........K3XA 1204.........VA2IG 1016.........W9QL 711 ............AG1T
7414........9A2NA 4574......JN3SAC 3021......SV1EDY 2203...........KI1U 1758........N5KAE 1422........I2VGW 1201..........K9BO 1012 .......NØVVV 682 .............AI8P
6589 .........EA2IA 4561 .........NN1N 2968........AB1OC 2200..........N7ZO 1746 .......K6UXO 1408..........NH6T 1193........KC1UX 1010 ........VE3RZ 661 ............AL4Y
6261 ..........KF2O 4521........IK2ILH 2963..........N3RC 2176 ........V51YJ 1711 ..........NS3L 1398......ES4RLH 1167......WA9PIE 1007........AA4QE 633.........TI5LUA
5589 .........N4NO 4462 ..........K1BV 2866.........AG4W 2133 .........KØKG 1692........N6PEQ 1361 ........VA3VF 1153........N3CAL 1006 ......NØRQV 621 ........K4HDW
5582 .....ON4CAS 4342 ....WB2YQH 2850 ..........NXØI 2113........W2FKF 1667..........AD3Y 1341.......W1FNB 1148......SP8HKT 948 ..........W6WF 616.........AC6BW
5536 ........VE1YX 4298........VE3XN 2729.........W6XK 2040..........K4HB 1647........9A2GA 1322 ........AA4FU 1137 .....YO5BRZ 919 .......ON7MIC 605 ........IW2FLB
5510........YU1AB 4201 .......YO9HP 2697..........AK7O 2016.........N2WK 1643 ......SV1DPI 1301......JF1LMB 1136..........KO9V 889 ..........WU1U 600 .....WA3QWA
5483 ........S53EO 3880 .........W3LL 2651.........HK3W 1972 .......K3CWF 1616 ..........TA1L 1301 ....KB9OWD 1116.......YU7FW 857............R1AV
5428.........W9OP 3855 ....WD9DZV 2589.......DG7RO 1934 .........NKØS 1585 .....JH1QKG 1301..........K1DX 1107.......PY2MC 835 .........K6RAH
5360 .......KØDEQ 3821 .........N6QQ 2583.....PA2TMS 1888......VA7CRZ 1570........PY5VC 1301 ........KM5VI 1100 ....WA3GOS 780 ............N3DF
5260.........I5RFD 3764 .......K9UQN 2550..........K6ND 1828 ..........K7LV 1568 ........N3AIU 1295 ..........NIØC 1074 ........WU9D 766........WB6IZG
5227 ..........N6JV 3611 ........W2OO 2457..........K5UR 1824..........WF7T 1524 ...NH6T/W4 1280 .........WF1H 1071 ........N6MM 762........JP1KHY
5204........N8BJQ 3539 ..........AB1J 2394 ..........AE5B 1821 ........PY5FB 1484........FG4NO 1275......JA6JYM 1069 ......IZ4MJP 758 ..........N4JJS
4934 ........W9OO 3538 .........9A4W 2363..........AA8R 1813......IZØFUW 1480 ........K4JKB 1260......UR6LEY 1036.......DL5KW 757...........WB3D
SSB
6673 ........OZ5EV 3174 .........I3ZSX 2568 ....SM6DHU 2093........W2WC 1611 ........W2ME 1183...........KI1U 1004..........K4HB 801 ............K3XA 675..........F1MQJ
6074 ..........K2VV 3172 .......YO9HP 2532 ..........W9IL 2084..........K5UR 1587..........N3XX 1150.....VE6BMX 1004 ......WA5UA 766..........I2VGW 655 ..........VA3VF
5955........9A2NA 3141......DL8AAV 2451......EA3GHZ 2076 ..........K2XF 1550.......IK2RPE 1146..........SQ7B 998...........W6XK 763 ..........K4JKB 647..........YB8NT
5404 ........VE1YX 3108.........I4CSP 2443......JN3SAC 2048 ..........NXØI 1442.......DG7RO 1136 .......K3CWF 978..........EA7HY 758 .......IV3GOW 640 ..........UA9YF
4988 ..........KF2O 3101 .....WA5VGI 2362.........AG4W 2048 .....W4QNW 1386.........HK3W 1112..........NH6T 957...........W9QL 724 ...........WF1H 637 .........K5WAF
4800 .........EA2IA 3075........N8BJQ 2335 ..........KG1E 1955........EA3NP 1386 ......IK4HPU 1098..........K4CN 934..........PY5VC 724 ...........W3TZ 630...........W6US
4410........I2MQP 2990........KF7RU 2326 ........CX6BZ 1935......SV1EOS 1383 .........NKØS 1096......JA7HYS 931..........YB1AR 717.........KØDAN 624 .........K6KZM
3927 .......KØDEQ 2984.........KI7AO 2209 ......IK2QPR 1921 ....WD9DZV 1371 ........VE6BF 1089........IZ8FFA 929 ............NS3L 717..........N3JON 606 .........KJ4BIX
3681 .........N4NO 2936 .........N6QQ 2201..........NQ3A 1879.........K3IXD 1338 ...........NE6I 1089.......IT9ABN 919........KA5EYH 714 ........YB2TJV 604 .........GØBPK
3613 .....SV3AQR 2903 .......IN3QCI 2200 ..........N6FX 1848 ..........AB5C 1334 ......EA3EQT 1053 ........N6MM 893........W9RPM 713........JH1APK 600 ..........WU1U
3456 ........W9OO 2862 ........PT7ZT 2198........AB1OC 1825..........KQ8D 1330........N5KAE 1042 ......IZØBNR 889 ..........N3AIU 710........WA9PIE 600 ......WA3PZO
3433 .........NN1N 2857........4X6DK 2131..........N3RC 1812..........K6ND 1262 ..........K7LV 1032 .....DG5LAC 875.........K7SAM 700..........N4FNB
3403 ..........I8KCI 2650 ......IK2DZN 2122 ..........AE5B 1789 ....WA6KHK 1258..........N1KC 1031..........K4CN 854..........K6HRT 700 ........JA1PLL
3344 .........W3LL 2623 ........W2OO 2113........W2FKF 1646.....VE7SMP 1237........N6PEQ 1031.......IK8OZP 833.......DK8MCT 694 .......KG4HUF
3333 .....CT1AHU 2595 ........EA1JG 2105 .......K9UQN 1641........AE9DX 1222 ........YF1AR 1022 ........NW3H 808........UR6LEY 690...........W6PN
3274 .....YU7BCD 2582.....PA2TMS 2094..........I8LEL 1622 ..........K5CX 1187 .......IZ1JLG 1012........KU4BP 802 ...........N6OU 684............KO9V
CW
7236 ....WA2HZR 4429 .......KØDEQ 2948 ......IK3GER 2357 ........W9HR 1762..........K6ND 1415.........W6XK 1036.......DL5KW 889 ..........N3AIU 720............K4CN
7062 ..........K2VV 4132 .....WA5VGI 2915 ..........KA7T 2295.....EA7AAW 1744 ...........NE6I 1389 .......IT9ELD 1027 ..........AE5B 864 .......YO5BRZ 711........JF1LMB
5634........9A2NA 4067.........I7PXV 2846 ....WD9DZV 2291..........N3XX 1727 .......K6UXO 1362 .....KN1CBR 992 ..........F5PBL 848..........PY5VC 652 ........IK2DZN
5160 .........N4NO 3974......JN3SAC 2811 .......OZ5UR 2278 .........W3LL 1691...........KI1U 1342.....VE6BMX 968 .........K3CWF 821 .......HB9DAX 629 .......IV3GOW
5112 ..........N6JV 3804 ........W9OO 2685 ........W2OO 2212 ..........AC5K 1620.......DG7RO 1295.........AG4W 962 ............K7LV 783..........YB1AR 620 .........AF5DM
5104 .........EA2IA 3584 .........NN1N 2667 ..........W9IL 2040 ..........NXØI 1595 ........PY5FB 1235......JH1APK 944..........AB1OC 752..........K6HRT 615 ......JH6JMM
5004 ..........KF2O 3504 .....YU7BCD 2615 .........N6QQ 2022 ........AF5CC 1505...........R3IS 1220 ........AA4FU 939..........N6PEQ 743........JA5NSR 608........W9RPM
4756..........W8IQ 3318 .......K9UQN 2531........I2MQP 1998..........K5UR 1487 ..........NIØC 1210.......DL4CW 908............NH6T 738 .....NH6T/W4 605 ...........NKØS
4570 ..........I3FIY 3279 ........IØNNY 2490 ..........N6FX 1973..........N3RC 1483 ........VE1YX 1196 ........N3AIU 897...........HK3W 735..........N5KAE 600............NY4G
4493........N8BJQ 3214 ....SM6DHU 2477 ........VE6BF 1832..........N4YB 1480.........WO3Z 1098.......LU5OM 891.......DK8MCT 732............SQ7B 600 ........IK2SGV
4469 .......IZ3ETU 3041 .......YO9HP 2424........W2WC 1772 ....WA6KHK 1443 ....WA2VQV 1062 ..........K3XA 890 ............NS3L 722........WA9PIE
DIGITAL
2701........N8BJQ 2208.........W6XK 1565..........N7ZO 1227......ES4RLH 1051......KH6SAT 922 ...........EA2IA 812........UR6LEY 750 .....NH6T/W4 654 .......JA3MAT
2636 .........W3LL 1790......JN3SAC 1509........K2YYY 1149 ..........W9IL 1047......RW4WZ 917 ............K7LV 811 ...........WF1H 681..........PY5VC 640 ......WA9ONY
2558 ..........NT2A 1759 .....WA5VGI 1500......JH1APK 1129 .........NKØS 1021 .........NN1N 901.........W1FNB 810..........N3CAL 672..........K9AAN 636........W9RPM
2360 ..........KF2O 1756 .......KØDEQ 1426........AB1OC 1112........AB1QB 1009 ....GUØSUP 898 .........K9UQN 800 ......WA3GOS 670 .......IV3GOW 611............KO9V
2345 .........N6QQ 1734.........AG4W 1378 .......K3CWF 1093...........KI1U 1002.......NØRQV 866............SQ7B 783..........YB1AR 668........KA5EYH 600 ...........N1RR
2290 ....WD9DZV 1704 ......IK2DZN 1340 ..........NXØI 1091 ........VA3VF 971........JF1LMB 858 ..........WU9D 772 ............N3DF 661.............AF4T 600..........ADØFL
2242.........HK3W 1643..........N3RC 1325 ........W2OO 1089 .......AC7JM 966 ............NS3L 855............R1AV 758 ..........N4JJS 660........JP1KHY
2217 .......YO9HP 1628.........N6PM 1250W2/JR1AQN 1086........KC1UX 947..........I2VGW 830 .............NE6I 750 .......ON7MIC 654........WB6IZG
REMOTE OPERATION
CW MIXED SSB DIGITAL
7277........K9QVB 4026 .........N1RR 2953 .........N1RR 671 ...........N1RR
3292 .........N1RR

CONTESTING
BY DAVID SIDDALL,* K3ZJ
ARRL DX Phone Contest Leads off a Busy Contesting Month
0
DUFK LV D EXV\ PRQWK IRU FRQ 7KLV \HDU¶V VFKHGXOHV ZHUH QRW DYDLO
WHVWHUV +HUH DUH WKH HYHQWV DEOHDVWKLVFROXPQZHQWWRSUHVVEXW
ZH¶OOEHORRNLQJDWWKLVPRQWK VKRXOGEHDYDLODEOHE\WKHWLPH\RXUHDG
WKLVDWZZZG[FRQYHQWLRQRUJ!
$55/';3KRQH&RQWHVW ,$585HJLRQ<RXWK:RUNLQJ*URXS
5XVVLDQ';&RQWHVW &KDLU /LVD /HHQGHUV 3$/6 KDV
&4:RUOG:LGH:3;3KRQH&RQWHVW DQQRXQFHG WKH QH[W VHULHV RI KRVWHG
6RXWK$PHULFDQ0HWHUDQG6WHZ FRQWHVWRSHUDWLRQVFRQGXFWHGDW³7RS
3HUU\&KDOOHQJH0HWHU&RQWHVWV *XQ´VWDWLRQVXQGHUWKHDXVSLFHVRIWKH
'D\WRQ&RQWHVW$FWLYLWLHV <RXWK&RQWHVW3URJUDP<&3$VLQGL
,$58 5HJLRQ <RXQJ &RQWHVWHUV FDWHGEHORZLQ0DUFK\RXQJRSHUDWRUV
3URJUDP IURP DURXQG 5HJLRQ DUH LQYLWHG WR
1HZ6WDWH462&KDOOHQJH /;, WR RSHUDWH GXULQJ WKH $55/ ';
3KRQHFRQWHVW7KH\ZLOOXVHWKHFDOO
7KLVPRQWKWKUHHPRUHFRQWHVWVZLOO VLJQ /;, $W WKH HQG RI WKH PRQWK
EH KHOG RQ WKH SDWK WR :57& LQ DQRWKHUWHDPRI\RXWKRSHUDWRUVLVLQYLW
,WDO\²$55/';3KRQH5XVVLDQ'; HGWRRSHUDWHDW$$LQWKH&4:RUOG 7KH <RXWK &RQWHVW 3URJUDP <&3
DQG&4:RUOG:LGH:3;3KRQH7KH :LGH:3;FRQWHVW RUJDQL]HG E\ ,$58 5HJLRQ DQ
TXHVWZLOOEHFRPSOHWHGQH[W1RYHPEHU )LQDOO\ D JURXS RI GHGLFDWHG VWDWH QRXQFHG WKDW \RXQJ FRQWHVWHUV IURP
ZLWKWKHFORVHRIWKHDQQXDO&4:RUOG 462 SDUW\ RSHUDWRUV KDYH RUJDQL]HG PHPEHUVRFLHWLHVDUHLQYLWHGWRRSHU
:LGH';&:FRQWHVW7KHODWHVWFRP WKH6WDWH4623DUW\&KDOOHQJH462 DWHDW/;,$$DQG(&';IRU
SHWLWLRQ UHVXOWV VWDQGLQJV DQG RWKHU SDUWLHVUHSUHVHQWLQJVWDWHVRYHUWKH WKH $55/ '; 3KRQH &4:: :3;
LQIRUPDWLRQUHODWHGWR:57&FDQ )HEUXDU\ WKURXJK 2FWREHU SHULRG DUH 3KRQH DQG .LQJ RI 6SDLQ FRQWHVWV
EHYLHZHGDWZZZZUWFLW! LQFOXGHGLQWKHFKDOOHQJH3DUWLFLSDWLRQ UHVSHFWLYHO\
$FWLYLW\ LQ WKH YHQHUDEOH $55/ '; LVDVHDV\DVXSORDGLQJ\RXUVWDWH462
3KRQHFRQWHVWKDVEHHQVORZO\LQFUHDV SDUW\VFRUHVWRWKHVFRUHVZHEVLWH WKH RWKHU RSHUDWRU FRUUHFWO\ FRS\ DQG
LQJ GHVSLWH WKH ODFN RI VXQVSRWV DQG DIWHU HDFK ZHHNHQG FRPSHWLWLRQ VHH UHFRUG WKH FDOOVLJQ DQG H[FKDQJH ,I
UHVXOWLQJODFNRIZRUOGZLGHSURSDJDWLRQ EHORZ WKHUHLVDQ\HUURUWKH462LVUHPRYHG
RQ DQG PHWHUV $V QRWHG ODVW IURP %27+ ORJV DOEHLW ZLWKRXW DQ\
PRQWKWKHQXPEHURIORJVVXEPLWWHGLQ Russian DX Contest DGGLWLRQDO SHQDOW\ $OVR WKHUH LV QR
ZDV RQO\ IHZHU WKDQ WKH DOO 7KH 5XVVLDQ '; &RQWHVW 5';& ZLOO ³WUXH´VLQJOHRSHUDWRUFDWHJRU\$OOVLQ
WLPHKLJK7KHSKRQHZHHNHQGNLFNVRII EHJLQRQ0DUFKVW DW87&DQG JOHRSHUDWRUORJVDUHMXGJHGLQWKHVDPH
DW87&RQ0DUFKWK DQGFRQWLQ H[WHQG WKURXJK 0DUFK QG DW FDWHJRU\ZKHWKHURUQRWDVVLVWDQFH²
XHVXQWLO87&RQ6XQGD\0DUFK 87&%RWK&:DQG3KRQHPRGHVDUH VXFKDVWKH5HYHUVH%HDFRQ1HWZRUN
WK.HHSDQH\HRXWIRUWKH\RXQJ<&3 HPSOR\HGVLPXOWDQHRXVO\EXWRQHFDQ 5%1RU';VSRWWLQJ²ZDVHPSOR\HG
RSHUDWRUV DW /;, GLVFXVVHG EHORZ HQWHU&:RQO\3KRQHRQO\RUPL[HG %XWQRWHWKDWVHOIVSRWWLQJ,6SURKLELWHG
DQG FKHFN 1*.¶V OLVW RI SODQQHG '; ,QWKHPL[HGPRGHFDWHJRU\HDFKVWD 8QLTXHO\ VROLFLWLQJ FRQWDFWV E\ WHOH
FRQWHVWRSHUDWLRQVIRUWKH$55/';DQG WLRQ PD\ EH ZRUNHG WZLFH SHU EDQG SKRQHWHOH[LQWHUQHWSDFNHWPDLORU
&4 :RUOG :LGH :3; FRQWHVWV KHUH RQFH LQ HDFK PRGH EXW PXOWLSOLHUV RWKHU VXFK PHDQV LV IRUELGGHQ
KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPXZJGZ]\! FRXQWRQO\RQFHSHUEDQG %()25(WKHFRQWHVWDVZHOODVGXULQJ
:DQWDFKDQJHRISDFHDQGDFRQWHVW 7KH 5';& UXOHV GR KDYH VRPH WKHFRQWHVW
WKDW GRHVQ¶W RFFXS\ WKH ZKROH ZHHN DVSHFWVZRUWKNHHSLQJLQPLQG&UHGLW $OVRLQWKH5';&\RXPD\VXEPLWWZR
HQG"2QHFDQEHUHOD[HGDQGVWLOOFRP LVJLYHQIRU462V21/<LIERWK\RXDQG VLQJOHEDQGHQWULHVXVLQJWKHVDPHVWD
SHWHLQWZRFRQWHVWVRQWKHZHHNHQGRI
0DUFK 6HH 'LVFXVVLRQ EHORZ
DERXW WKH DQG PHWHU FRQWHVW
ZHHNHQG
&RQWHVWDFWLYLWLHVDWWKH'D\WRQ+DP
YHQWLRQZLOOH[WHQGIURP:HGQHVGD\
0D\ WK WKURXJK 6XQGD\ 0D\ WK
DQGZLOOEHVXIILFLHQWWRRFFXS\PXFKRI
\RXUYLVLW'HWDLOVDUHEHORZ7KH,QWHU
QDWLRQDO '; &RQYHQWLRQ DW 9LVDOLD
&DOLIRUQLD WR EH KHOG $SULO WK
DOVRRIIHUVDJRRGRSSRUWXQLW\WR
PL[ZLWKIHOORZ';HUVDQGFRQWHVWHUV
7KH5XVVLDQ';&RQWHVWLVDPL[HG&:DQG3KRQHHYHQWWKDWZLOOWDNH
HPDLON]M#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP! SODFH0DUFKQG

&DOHQGDURI(YHQWV
$OO\HDU6WDUWV-DQ &4';0DUDWKRQ KWWSELWO\Y(.0:'
)HE0DU 1RUWK$PHULFDQ577<4623DUW\ KWWSQFMZHEFRPQDTS
)HE0DU 8%$&:';&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\:J=L(
0DU 6$5/+DPQHW06LPXODWHG(PHUJHQF\&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\+,T4I
0DU 1RUWK&DUROLQD4623DUW\ KWWSQFTVRSDUW\RUJ
0DU 56*%P&OXE&KDPSLRQVKLS'DWD ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVUPFFVKWPO
0DU $*&:</&:4623DUW\ KWWSELWO\X1=N\L
0DU 8.(,&&P&RQWHVWV66% KWWSELWO\0ED85%
0DU 1RYLFH5LJ5RXQG8S ZZZQRYLFHULJURXQGXSRUJ
0DU $55/66%';&RQWHVW ZZZDUUORUJDUUOG[
0DU 2SHQ8NUDLQH577<&KDPSLRQVKLS KWWSNUVKRXDRSHQUWW\
0DU 9HURQ6/3&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\/H7/
0DU 6$5/</6SULQW KWWSELWO\+,T4I
0DU 8%$6SULQJ&RQWHVWP&: KWWSELWO\..$WE
0DU 56*%P&OXE&KDPSLRQVKLS&: ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVUPFFVKWPO
0DU $:$-RKQ5ROOLQV0HPRULDO';&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\'(,.7.
0DU $*&:453&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\;-\+V
0DU <%';577<&RQWHVW KWWSUWW\\EG[FRQWHVWFRPG[VWDWLRQUXOHV
0DU 453$5&,6SULQJ7KDZ66%6SULQW ZZZTUSDUFLRUJFRQWHVWV
0DU ($36.&RQWHVW KWWSFRQFXUVRVXUHHVHQHDSVNEDVHV
0DU ,GDKR4623DUW\ ZZZSRFDWHOORDUFRUJLGDKRTVRSDUW\
0DU 2NODKRPD4623DUW\ KWWSNFPFRPRNTSKWP
0DU 4&:$4623DUW\ ZZZTFZDRUJTFZDSKS
0DU 56*%&RPPRQZHDOWK&:&RQWHVW ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVUEHUXVKWPO
0DU 6$5/9+)8+)$QDORJXH'LJLWDO&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\+,T4I
0DU 6WHZ3HUU\7RSEDQG&KDOOHQJH ZZZNNQQHWVWHZVWHZBUXOHVKWPO
0DU ),5$&+)&RQWHVW ZZZILUDFGHKWPOFRQWHVWKWPO
0DU 6RXWK$PHULFD0HWHU&RQWHVW ZZZVDPFRPDULQGH[KWPO
0DU 7HVODPHPRULDO+)&:&RQWHVW ZZZUDGLRVSRUWRUJUV+)7HVOD0HPRULDO
0DU $:$-RKQ5ROOLQV0HPRULDO';&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\'(,.7.
0DU 1RUWK$PHULFDQ577<6SULQW KWWSQFMZHEFRPQRUWKDPHULFDQVSULQW
0DU 8%$6SULQJ&RQWHVWP&:3KRQH KWWSELWO\..$WE
0DU :LVFRQVLQ4623DUW\ ZZZZDUDFRUJZTSZTSKWP
0DU $*&:9+)8+)&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\O)G5:
0DU 32';6&OXE6W3DWULFN¶V'D\&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\XJ8L)
0DU 9LUJLQLD4623DUW\ KWWSELWO\<,,1]K
0DU 5XVVLDQ';&RQWHVW ZZZUG[FRUJDVSSDJHVUXOHVJDVS
0DU %$57*+)577<&RQWHVW KWWSEDUWJRUJXNZSFRQWHVWV
0DU 8%$6SULQJ&RQWHVWP66% KWWSELWO\..$WE
0DU 8.(,&&P&RQWHVWV&: KWWSELWO\0ED85%
0DU 56*%P&OXE&KDPSLRQVKLS66% ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVUPFFVKWPO
0DU )2&4623DUW\ ZZZJIRFRUJTVRSDUW\
0DU 9HURQ6/3&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\/H7/
0DU &4:::3;66%&RQWHVW ZZZFTZS[FRP
$SU 8.(,&&P&RQWHVWV66% KWWSELWO\0ED85%
$SU 6$5/P4623DUW\ KWWSELWO\+,T4I
$SU /=2SHQP6SULQW&RQWHVW ZZZO]RSHQFRP
$SU ($577<&RQWHVW KWWSFRQFXUVRVXUHHVHQHDUWW\EDVHV
$SU /RXLVLDQD4623DUW\ KWWSODTSRUJ
$SU 0LVVLVVLSSL4623DUW\ ZZZDUUOPLVVRUJ
$SU 0LVVRXUL4623DUW\ ZZZZPDRUJLQGH[SKSPLVVRXULTVRSDUW\
$SU 32';6&OXE)ODYRUV&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\6(6E'J
$SU 63';&RQWHVW KWWSVVSG[FRQWHVWS]NRUJSOUXOHVSKS
$SU 8%$6SULQJ&RQWHVWP&:3KRQH KWWSELWO\..$WE
$SU 1RUWK$PHULFDQ66%6SULQW KWWSVVVEVSULQWFRPUXOHV
$SU 56*%5R/R66%&RQWHVW ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVURORVKWPO
$SU 56*%P&OXE&KDPSLRQVKLS&: ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVUPFFVKWPO
$SULO 4536SULQJ4623DUW\ ZZZTUSDUFLRUJFRQWHVWV
$SU *HRUJLD4623DUW\ KWWSJHRUJLDTVRSDUW\RUJ
$SU -,';&:&RQWHVW ZZZMLG[RUJ
$SU 1HZ0H[LFR4623DUW\ ZZZQHZPH[LFRTVRSDUW\RUJZS
$SU 2.20';66%&RQWHVW KWWSRNRPG[FUNF]LQGH[SKS"SDJH HQJOLV
$SU <XUL*DJDULQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO';&RQWHVW KWWSJFTVWUXHQVHFWLRQ
$SU +XQJDULDQ6WUDLJKW.H\&RQWHVW KWWSKVNFKDNX[FRP
$SU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO9LQWDJH&RQWHVW+) KWWSVFRQWHVWYLQWDJHEHHSZRUOGLWUXOHVKWP
$SU 56*%P&OXE&KDPSLRQVKLS66% ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVUPFFVKWPO
$SU +RO\ODQG';&RQWHVW ZZZLDUFRUJLDUF+RO\ODQG&RQWHVW
$SU (62SHQ+)&KDPSLRQVKLS KWWSELWO\%/%1*/
$SU &40DQFKHVWHU0LQHLUD';&RQWHVW ZZZFTPPG[FRPUXOHV
$SU 0LFKLJDQ4623DUW\ ZZZPLTSRUJLQGH[KWPO
$SU 2QWDULR4623DUW\ ZZZYDFFRFRPRTSUXOHVKWP
$SU 7H[DV6WDWH3DUNVRQWKH$LU ZZZWVSRWDRUJ
$SU <8';&RQWHVW KWWS\XG[\XVUVRUJUV
$SU $55/5RRNLH5RXQGXS66% ZZZDUUORUJURRNLHURXQGXS
$SU 56*%P&OXE&KDPSLRQVKLS'DWD ZZZUVJEFFRUJKIUXOHVUPFFVKWPO
$SU 6SULQJ'LJLWDO&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\)U)H%F
$SU )ORULGD4623DUW\ ZZZIORULGDTVRSDUW\RUJ
$SU +HOYHWLD&RQWHVW KWWSELWO\O5/Y
$SU 63';577<&RQWHVW ZZZSNUYJRUJVWURQDVSG[UWW\HQKWPO
$SU %DUWJ6SULQW&RQWHVW KWWSEDUWJRUJXNZSFRQWHVWV
$SU 8.(,&&P&RQWHVWV&: KWWSELWO\0ED85%
0D\ &4:::3;&:&217(67 ZZZFTZS[FRP

10 Years of CQ World Wide WPX Growth, FRQWHVW UXQV IURP 87& RQ 0DUFK WK WKURXJK
2010-2019 87&RQ0DUFKWK
1RWZLWKVWDQGLQJ WKH ORZ VXQVSRW QXPEHUV PDQ\ 6RXWK
<HDU 66%(QWULHV &:(QWULHV 7RWDO(QWULHV $PHULFDQVWDWLRQVVKRXOGEHKHDUGDQGZRUNHGRQPHWHUV
IURPPRVWORFDWLRQVLQ1RUWK$PHULFD,QORZVXQVSRW\HDUV
WKHWUDQVHTXDWRULDOSURSDJDWLRQPD\ODVWRQO\IRUDIHZKRXUV
EXWRQPRVWGD\VLWLVWKHUHDWOHDVWGXULQJWKHPLGGOHSDUWRI
WKHGD\HVSHFLDOO\WR$UJHQWLQDDQG%UD]LO'HWDLOVRIWKLV/8
VSRQVRUHGFRQWHVWDUHDWKWWSVDPFRPDULQGH[KWPO!
7KUHH KRXUV DIWHU WKH 6RXWK $PHULFD PHWHU FRQWHVW
EHJLQVWKHPHWHU6WHZ3HUU\7RSEDQG&KDOOHQJHNLFNV
RII %XW WKH PRVWOLNHO\ VWUDWHJ\ ZRXOG EH WR PRYH WR
PHWHUVRQO\DIWHUPHWHUVLVGHILQLWHO\JRQHIRUWKHGD\7KH
³6WHZ´FRQWHVWSUHVHQWVDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRSOD\RQHODVWWLPH
RQWRSEDQGWKLVZLQWHU<RXU&:VNLOOVPD\EHFKDOOHQJHGDV
7DEOH 7KH QXPEHU RI HQWULHV LQ WKH &4:: :3; RQHRIWKHEHVWHYHUPHWHUFRQWHVWVHDVRQVFRPHVWRD
&RQWHVWWRRNDELJMXPSIURPWRDQGKDVPDLQ FORVH7KHFRPSHWLWLRQZLOOEHJLQRQ0DUFKWK DW87&
WDLQHGWKRVHKLJKHUOHYHOVWKURXJKRXWWKHSDVWGHFDGHKROG DQGHQGKRXUVODWHU6FRUHVDUHEDVHGRQWKHGLVWDQFH
LQJVWHDG\HYHQDIWHUWKHSHDNRIWKHFXUUHQWVXQVSRWF\FOH EHWZHHQWKHWZRFRPPXQLFDWLQJVWDWLRQV&RPSOHWHGHWDLOV
DWWKHVRODUPLQLPXPZDVVHFRQGRQO\WRDW DUHDWZZZNNQQHWVWHZ!
WKHF\FOH¶VSHDN
Contest Activities at the 2020 Dayton
Hamvention®
WLRQDQGFDOOVLJQ&OXESDUWLFLSDWLRQDOVRKDVQRJHRJUDSKLF 7KH 'D\WRQ +DPYHQWLRQ LV KHOG DW WKH *UHHQH &RXQW\
ERXQGDULHVVR\RXPD\VXEPLW\RXUVFRUHIRUFUHGLWWR\RXU )DLUJURXQGVLQ;HQLD2KLRDERXWPLOHVHDVWRIGRZQWRZQ
IDYRULWHFOXEQRPDWWHUZKHUH\RXDQGWKHFOXEDUHORFDWHG 'D\WRQ+RZHYHUH[FHSWIRUWKHFRQWHVWDQGUHODWHGIRUXPV
&RPSOHWHUXOHVDUHDWKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\FRH[W! WKDWDUHKHOGDWWKH)DLUJURXQGVSURSHUFRQWHVWDFWLYLWLHVDUH
FHQWHUHGLQGRZQWRZQ'D\WRQDWWKH&URZQH3OD]D+RWHO
CQ World Wide WPX &RQWHVWDFWLYLWLHVZLOOFRPPHQFHRQ:HGQHVGD\0D\WK
7KH&4:RUOG:LGH:3;SKRQHDQG&:FRQWHVWVDWWUDFW ZLWKWKHRSHQLQJRIWKH&RQWHVW6XSHU6XLWH7KH\HQGDIWHU
WKRXVDQGVRIRSHUDWRUVHYHU\\HDU2QO\WKH&4:RUOG:LGH WKH&RQWHVW'LQQHUDQG6XSHU6XLWHRQ6DWXUGD\0D\WK
';SKRQHDQG&:FRQWHVWVDWWUDFWPRUHSDUWLFLSDQWVWKDQ $OLVWRIDFWLYLWLHVDQGOLQNVIRUWKHODWHVWLQIRUPDWLRQRQHDFK
WKH:3;6HH7DEOH IRUDORRNDWSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKH:3; DFWLYLW\LVDWKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP\KVGDS!+HUHDUHVRPH
FRQWHVWVRYHUWKHSDVWGHFDGH KLJKOLJKWV
:3;SKRQHLVVFKHGXOHGMXVWDIWHUWKHVSULQJHTXLQR[D &RQWHVW8QLYHUVLW\&78 $W&78FRQWHVWHUVDQGEXG
SULPHSURSDJDWLRQWLPH7KLV\HDU¶VHYHQWZLOOVWDUWRQ0DUFK GLQJFRQWHVWHUVZLOOEHWUHDWHGWRDVHULHVRISUHVHQWDWLRQV
WK DW87&DQGUXQWKURXJK0DUFKWK DW87& DQG4 $VHVVLRQV(DFKRQHLVUHODWHGWRDVSHFLILFFRQ
7KLV\HDU(DVWHUZHHNHQGIDOOVWZRZHHNVODWHUVRH[SHFW WHVWWRSLF7KHVHVVLRQVVWDUWDWDPDQGFRQWLQXHWRSP
WKHIXOOFRQWLQJHQWRI1RUWK$PHULFDQDQG(XURSHDQVWDWLRQV ZLWKDOLJKWOXQFKLQFOXGHG7KLV\HDU¶VVXEVWDQWLYHVHVVLRQV
WREHRQGXULQJWKHZHHNHQG LQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJ
.HHSLQPLQGWKDWHYHU\RQHZRUNVHYHU\RQHLQWKLVFRQWHVW
VRLW¶VDJUHDWWLPHWRJHWRQHYHQ³EDUHIRRWZLWKDZLUH´,Q &RQWHVW6WDWLRQ2SWLPL]DWLRQE\./5
SDVW\HDUVWKHORZSRZHUFDWHJRU\RIZDWWVRUOHVVKDV 7RZHU6DIHW\IRUWKH5DGLR$PDWHXUE\:<4
EHHQWKHPRVWSRSXODU3UHIL[HVDUHPXOWLSOLHUVUHJDUGOHVV &RQWHVW7UDQVFHLYHU5; 7;&RPSDULVRQV±*UHDW5;
RIORFDWLRQDQGFRXQWRQO\RQFHUHJDUGOHVVRIEDQGVRWKHUH 3HUIRUPDQFHEXW7;/LPLWDWLRQV'RPLQDWHE\1&%
LV QHYHUHQGLQJ H[FLWHPHQW ZRUNLQJ QHZ PXOWLSOLHUV 7KLV (IIHFWLYH/RZ%DQG5HFHLYLQJ$QWHQQDVE\:/3/
\HDUEHVXUHWRZDWFKIRUDQGZRUNWKH\RXWKWHDPWKDWZLOO 6WUDWHJLHVWR,PSURYH<RXU&RPSHWLWLYHQHVVLQ&RQWHVWV
EHSLORWLQJ$$ E\:/3/
7KHUXOHVDSSHDUWREHXQFKDQJHGIURPWKRVHXVHG 6WDWLRQVDQG$QWHQQDVE\:/3/
LQ&KHFNWKHUXOHVDQGWKH)UHTXHQWO\$VNHG4XHVWLRQV (QJLQHHULQJ 0DLQWDLQLQJ 7UDQVPLWWLQJ $QWHQQDV IRU
)$4 DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKHP KHUH KWWSVFTZS[FRP &RPSHWLWLYH5HVXOWVE\:/3/
LQGH[KWP!)RUJHQHUDOLQIRUPDWLRQDQGVRPHRSHUDWLQJWLSV /RJ&KHFNLQJ5HSRUWVDQG+RZWR8VH7KHPE\175
UHYLHZ WKH ZHELQDU FRQGXFWHG E\ 5DQG\ 7KRPSVRQ $VVHPEOLQJ<RXU6WDWLRQIRU2SWLPXP&RQWHVW2SHUDWLRQ
.='DWKWWSVWLQ\XUOFRPVJX\PE! E\.'*
:DWHUIDOOVDQG&RQWHVW/RJJLQJ6RIWZDUH$SSOLFDWLRQVE\
10- and 160-Meter Contest Weekend 179
2SHUDWHDPHWHUFRQWHVWDQGDPHWHUFRQWHVWRQWKH (YHU\WKLQJ<RX:DQWWR.QRZDERXW86%,QWHUIDFHVE\
VDPHZHHNHQGDQGVWLOOKDYHWLPHIRURWKHUDFWLYLWLHV",W¶V 179
ZLWKLQUHDFK:K\QRWWU\LW" :DWHUIDOOV3RUWVDQGWKH5HYHUVH%HDFRQ1HWZRUNE\
7KLV\HDUWKHPHWHU6RXWK$PHULFD&RQWHVWPRVWOLNH 179
O\ZLOOSUHVHQWDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRUDFNXS462VWRWKH6RXWK )7)7DQGWKH:6-7;6RIWZDUH6XLWHIRU+)DQG
ZLWKRXWFRPSHWLWLRQIURP(XURSHRU$VLDGXHWRSRRUHDVW 9+)&RQWHVWLQJE\:<.
ZHVWSURSDJDWLRQRQ%RWK&:DQG66%DUHHPSOR\HG 'LJLWDO&RQWHVWLQJLV)XQE\:<.
DQG462VPDGHZLWKVWDWLRQVRXWVLGH6RXWK$PHULFDDOVR 7DNLQJ'LJLWDO&RQWHVWLQJWRWKH/LPLWE\:<.
FRXQWIRUWKHFRQWHVWDOWKRXJKZLWKIHZHUSRLQWVHDUQHG7KH 'LJLWDODQG577<&RQWHVWLQJE\:<.

(IIHFWLYH&RQWHVW6WUDWHJLHVIRU/LWWOH YHU\ HQWHUWDLQLQJ PDVWHURIFHUH $QWHQQD&RQWHVWDQG577<&RQ
3LVWROVDQG0HGLXP*XQVE\1$; PRQLHV-RKQ'RUU.$5 WHVW)RUXPV $WWKH+DPYHQWLRQSURS
*URXQGLQJ %RQGLQJ DQG 5) E\ 7KLV \HDU¶V NH\QRWH VSHDNHU ZLOO EH HU LQ ;HQLD WKHUH DUH WKUHH IRUXPV RI
1$; %U\DQW5DVFROO.*+922QKLVORQJ SDUWLFXODU LQWHUHVW WR FRQWHVWHUV 7KH
<RXU 5RDGPDS WR 5DGLRVSRUW OLVW RI DFKLHYHPHQWV ERWK LQ DPDWHXU VFKHGXOHZDVQRWDYDLODEOHZKHQ
,PSURYHPHQWE\.'* 175 UDGLR DQG LQ RWKHU HQGHDYRUV %U\DQW WKLV ZDV EHLQJ ZULWWHQ EXW WKH ODWHVW
<RXWKLQ&RQWHVWLQJE\11& ZDVWKH\RXQJHVWFRPSHWLWRUDW:57& LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKHVH VHVVLRQV VKRXOG
6SDFH :HDWKHU DQG +DP 5DGLR LQ *HUPDQ\ %U\DQW KDV EHHQ D EHDYDLODEOHE\QRZDWKWWSVWLQ\XUO
3URSDJDWLRQE\:1$) UHJXODUDWWHQGHHDWWKHGLQQHUWKHSDVW FRP\WEMQ[!7UDGLWLRQDOO\RQ)ULGD\
:KDW¶V 8S ZLWK +) 3URSDJDWLRQ LQ VHYHUDO \HDUV DQG FRQWLQXHV WR ILQG DIWHUQRRQ7LP'XII\./5PRGHUDWHV
DQG%H\RQGE\:1$) ZD\VWREHRQWKHDLULQFRQWHVWVDPRQJ WKHDQWHQQDIRUXP7KLVLVIROORZHGRQ
KLVPDQ\RWKHUDFWLYLWLHV+HLVZRUNLQJ 6DWXUGD\ PRUQLQJ E\ 'RXJ *UDQW
3UHUHJLVWUDWLRQLVUHTXLUHGWRDWWHQG WKHFRQWHVWVWRHDUQDQRWKHUVSRWRQD .'* FRQGXFWLQJ WKH DQQXDO FRQWHVW
&786HVVLRQVRYHUODSVRQRWDOOFDQ WHDPDW:57&LQ%RORJQD,WDO\ IRUXP $QG ILQDOO\ RQ 6DWXUGD\ DIWHU
EHDWWHQGHGEXWVRPHDUHUHFRUGHGDQG &RQWHVW 6XSHU 6XLWH 7KH 6XSHU QRRQ(G0XQV:<.KDVFRQGXFWHG
ODWHU DYDLODEOH RQ WKH :HE 2QOLQH 6XLWHLVRSHQHDFKQLJKWLQVHFRQGIORRU WKH 577< &RQWHVW IRUXP %DUULQJ
YLGHRVRIPDQ\SUHVHQWDWLRQVIURPSDVW EDOOURRPV DW WKH GRZQWRZQ 'D\WRQ XQIRUHVHHQ FLUFXPVWDQFHV ZH H[SHFW
\HDUV DUH FROOHFWHG DW KWWSVWLQ\XUO &URZQH 3OD]D IURP :HGQHVGD\ 0D\ WKHVDPHEDVLFVFKHGXOHWREHIROORZHG
FRP\[E[R!7KHUHDUHQRUHIXQGV WK WKURXJK 6DWXUGD\ 0D\ WK ,Q WKLV\HDU
QRFDQFHOODWLRQVDQGQRUHJLVWUDWLRQVDW IRUPDOVRFLDOL]LQJDQGWDOOVWRULHVRYHUD )ULGD\'LQQHU 0DQ\FRQWHVWHUVDOVR
WKH GRRU <RXWK DJH RU XQGHU PD\ EHHUDUHVWDQGDUGIDUH7KLVLVSHUKDSV DUH ';HUV QDWXUDOO\ DQG DWWHQG WKH
DSSO\IRUDVFKRODUVKLSWRDWWHQGFRQ WKH ODUJHVW LQIRUPDO JDWKHULQJ RI FRQ DQQXDO';'LQQHUWKDWLVRUJDQL]HGE\
VXOWWKHZHEVLWHOLQNHGDERYH WHVWHUV DQ\ZKHUH RXWVLGH RI WKH TXD WKH6RXWKZHVW2KLR';$VVRFLDWLRQ,W
&RQWHVW'LQQHU 7KHDQQXDOFRQWHVW GUHQQLDO :RUOG 5DGLR 7HDP &KDPS LVKHUHWKDW&4 PDJD]LQH¶V';+DOORI
GLQQHUZLOOEHKHOGDWWKH&URZQH3OD]D LRQVKLSV:57&V$FDVKEDULVRQVLWH )DPH QRPLQHHV DUH DQQRXQFHG DQG
RQ6DWXUGD\HYHQLQJ0D\WK$WWKLV DQGSL]]DLVGHOLYHUHGODWHHDFKHYHQLQJ LQGXFWHG 7KLV GLQQHU LV KHOG DW WKH
GLQQHUWKH&4 PDJD]LQH&RQWHVW+DOO FRXUWHV\RIVRPHRIWKHQDWLRQ¶VPDMRU 'D\WRQ 0DUULRWW ,QIRUPDWLRQ DQG UHV
RI)DPHKRQRUHHVDUHDQQRXQFHGDQG FRQWHVWFOXEV$WDQ\PRPHQWWKHUHPD\ HUYDWLRQV DUH DW KWWSVWLQ\XUOFRP
LQGXFWHG7KHUHDOZD\VLVDYDULHW\RI EHDKXQGUHGRUPRUHFRQWHVWHUVFRP UJ]WE!
SUL]HV ZLWK UDQGRP GUDZLQJV E\ WKH LQJRUJRLQJPDQ\VSRUWLQJYHU\IDPLOLDU 2WKHU FRQWHVWHUV HOHFW WR DWWHQG WKH
FDOOVLJQVRQWKHLUEDGJHV WUDGLWLRQDO7RS%DQGPHWHUGLQQHU
2XWVWDQGLQJ7UDQVPLW$XGLR
W 2 I H Y Te c h n o l o g i e s ,V2XU6SHFLDOW\
8 Band EQ EQplus
W2IHY 8 Band EQ & By W2IHY
Noise Gate Thousands
of Satisfied Users Premium Audio
Worldwide Processing
Add the legendary W2IHY 8 Band Equalizer And Noise Gate to your Did you turn on an amplifier? Your signal is loud and squeaky-clean.
shack and get ready for great audio reports! From smooth rag-chew EQplus users hear that report all the time. Compressor/Limiter
audio that makes them ask what you're running ... to penetrating increases talk power without the distortion and restricted frequency
DX/Contest audio that gets results, wide-range adjustability is at your response of ordinary speech processors. Dual Band EQ, Downward
command. Noise Gate reduces background noise for a cleaner, more Expander for noise reduction, Effects for psychoacoustic magic.
effective signal. Universal Interface lets you use most any microphone LED Bar Graph. Front panel controls. Universal Interface matches most
with any radio including classics. I-K-Y selector for plug-n-play with all mics, all radios. I-K-Y mic selector. Switched outputs for 3 radios.
%U\DQW 5DVFROO .*+92 DW :57& popular brand micro-phones. Switched outputs for 2 radios. Headphone Monitor. RFI protection. Powerful stand alone system or
Headphone Monitor. RFI protection. combine with W2IHY 8-Band EQ for maximum adjustability.
LQ*HUPDQ\%U\DQWLVWKLV\HDU¶V
Products purchased from W2IHY include 30 Day Money Back Guarantee and 3 Year Parts/Labor Warranty.
IHDWXUHGVSHDNHUDWWKHDQQXDO&RQWHVW Top-rated Product Quality, Technical Support and Customer Service.
'LQQHU DW WKH 'D\WRQ +DPYHQWLRQ

&RXUWHV\RI:57& Awesome Audio
Demonstrations HPDLOMXOLXV#ZLK\FRP W2IHY Technologies Inc.
www.w2ihy.com order online at 9DQHVVD/DQH
www.w2ihy.com 6WDDWVEXUJ1<

,$585HJLRQ<RXWK&RQWHVW3URJUDPWHDPDW/;,IRUWKH
Join Christian, K0STH at the intersection $55/ '; 3KRQH FRQWHVW LQ 3LFWXUHG /5 0DUNXV
of life and amateur radio. '/*07RP)+:67RPL+$57&ODXGLD'&&/DQG
Subscribe wherever you get podcasts and /RXLV'.((7KLV\HDUDQHZ<&3WHDPZLOOUHWXUQXVLQJ
join the community on Facebook and Twitter. WKHFDOOVLJQ/;,FHOHEUDWLQJWKHWK DQQLYHUVDU\RIKRVW
VWDWLRQ/;,&RXUWHV\RI<27$5HJLRQ
100WATTSANDAWIRE.COM
KHOGDWWKH&URZQH3OD]D+RWHO7KLV\HDU¶VVSHDNHULV*OHQQ
-RKQVRQ :*- 5HVHUYDWLRQV DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ DUH DW
ZZZWRSEDQGGLQQHUFRP!
IARU Region 1 Youth Contest Program

,QWHUQDWLRQDO$PDWHXU5DGLR8QLRQ5HJLRQ¶V<RXWK:RUNLQJ
*URXS&KDLU/LVD/HHQGHUV3$/6DQQRXQFHGWKDW\RXWK
PHPEHUVIURP,$58PHPEHUVRFLHWLHVLQ(XURSH$IULFDDQG
WKH 0LGGOH (DVW ZLOO WDNH SDUW WKLV VSULQJ LQ WKUHH FRQWHVWV
IURP³7RS*XQ´VWDWLRQVLQ(XURSH0RUHFRQWHVWVWDWLRQVIRU
AlasKit Educational & Scientific Resources WKHVHFRQGKDOIRIDUHH[SHFWHGWREHDQQRXQFHGDWD
ODWHUWLPH7KHFRQWHVWVDQGVWDWLRQVVFKHGXOHGIRUWKHILUVW
We have a large inventory of KDOIRIWKH\HDUDUH
new and surplus genuine radio $55/';3KRQH0DUFK±DW/;,/;,
components, from QRP to &4:::3;3KRQH0DUFK±DW$$DQG
QRO. If you can’t find it, we .LQJRI6SDLQ3KRQH-XQH±DW(&';
probably have it!
AlasKit has a well-equipped (YHU\ \HDU WKH <RXWK &RQWHVW 3URJUDP <&3 SURYLGHV
RF design lab. If you have a RSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU\RXQJKDPVWROHDUQDERXWFRQWHVWLQJDQG
need for a custom-designed RF FRQWHVW VWDWLRQV LPSURYH WKHLU RSHUDWLQJ VNLOOV DQG NQRZO
HGJHDQGH[SHULHQFHZRUNLQJDVDWHDPPHPEHUWRRSWLPL]H
accessory, we can design and
UHVXOWV2IWHQWKH\RXQJKDPVDOVRDUHYLVLWLQJWKHKRVWFRXQ
produce these in single lot, or
WU\IRUWKHILUVWWLPH7KH\VKDUHDPDWHXUUDGLRNQRZOHGJH
small production quantities. ZLWKOLNHPLQGHGORFDO\RXQJVWHUVDVZHOODVZLWKRWKHUYLVLW
We have a strong relationship with a world-class LQJ\RXQJFRQWHVWHUV
PCB manufacturer, as well.
We also produce a wide range of training State QSO Party Challenge
materials and technical documentation. If you
)LYHDUGHQWVWDWH462SDUW\SDUWLFLSDQWVKDYHRUJDQL]HGWKH
need a technical manual written in clear, concise ILUVW DQQXDO 6WDWH 462 3DUW\ 643 &KDOOHQJH 7KH 643
English, we can do that too. &KDOOHQJHFRQWHVWVFRQVLVWRIVWDWH462SDUWLHVWKDWWDNH
Check out our website for more exciting projects SODFH EHWZHHQ )HEUXDU\ DQG 2FWREHU 7R SDUWLFLSDWH \RX
in progress at AlasKit Educational and Scientific RQO\QHHGWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQDVPDQ\RIWKH462SDUW\
Resources FRQWHVWVDVSRVVLEOHDQGSRVW\RXUFODLPHGVFRUHVDV
VRRQDVSRVVLEOHWRVFRUHVFRP!<RXFDQREWDLQIXOO
http://alaskit.co • 907-488-0483 GHWDLOVDQGWUDFN\RXUUHVXOWVDWKWWSVWDWHTVRSDUW\FRP!
P.O. Box 56325 • North Pole, AK 99705 ±8QWLOQH[WPRQWK'DYH.=-

:6$, +) $QWHQQD+DQGERRN
E\%LOO2UU:6$,
:6$,ZDVNQRZQIRUKLV
HDV\WRXQGHUVWDQGZULWLQJ
VW\OH,QNHHSLQJZLWKWKLV
WUDGLWLRQWKLVERRNLVD
WKRURXJKO\UHDGDEOHWH[WIRU
DQ\DQWHQQDHQWKXVLDVW
MDPSDFNHGZLWKGR]HQVRI
LQH[SHQVLYHSUDFWLFDODQWHQQD
SURMHFWVWKDWZRUN
8QGHUVWDQGLQJ%XLOGLQJ ; 3DSHUEDFN

8VLQJ%DOXQV 8QXQV &' 9HUVLRQ
E\-HUU\6HYLFN:)0, %X\ERWKIRURQO\
7KHVXFFHVVRUWR
WKHSRSXODUDQG
DXWKRULWDWLYH%DOXQV
DQG8QXQV*UHDW 7KH4XDG$QWHQQD
GHDORIQHZWXWRULDO
E\ %RE+DYLODQG:0%
PDWHULDODQGGHVLJQV
QRWLQSUHYLRXVERRN &RPSUHKHQVLYHJXLGHWRWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQGHVLJQ
ZLWKFU\VWDOFOHDU DQGSHUIRUPDQFHRI4XDG$QWHQQDV*HQHUDO
H[SODQDWLRQVRIKRZ &RQFHSWV&LUFXODU/RRS $UUD\V5HFWDQJXODU
DQGZK\WKH\ZRUN 6TXDUH/RRSV
0XOWL(OHPHQW4XDGVDQGPRUH
; 3DSHUEDFN ; 3DSHUEDFN
&' 9HUVLRQ &' 9HUVLRQ
%X\ERWKIRURQO\ %X\ERWKIRURQO\
'; :RUOG*XLGH
E\ )UDQ]/DQJQHU'-=% 5HIOHFWLRQV,,,
E\:DOW0D[ZHOO:'8
7KLVSDJH
IRXUWKHGLWLRQIXOOFRORU $OOWKHLQIRLQ5HIOHFWLRQV,DQG,,DQGPRUH
WKURXJKRXWLQFOXGHV 7KLVFRPSOHWHO\UHYLVHGDQGXSGDWHGSDJH
LQIRUPDWLRQRQZHOO UGHGLWLRQLVDPXVWKDYH
RYHU';HQWLWLHV
; 3DSHUEDFN
:KHWKHUXVHGDVD
&' 9HUVLRQ
GHVNUHIHUHQFHIRUWKH
';HURIDQ\OHYHORI %X\ERWKIRURQO\
SURILFLHQF\RUDVD
³ZLVKERRNÍRU';HUVMXVWVWDUWLQJKLV
RUKHU';&&MRXUQH\WKHQHZ';:RUOG
*XLGH LVDZRUWK\DQGSOHDVDQW 6KLSSLQJ +DQGOLQJ
FRPSDQLRQ 86DGGIRUWKHILUVWLWHPIRUWKHVHFRQGDQGIRUHDFKDGG¶OLWHP
;3DSHUEDFN )5(( VKLSSLQJRQRUGHUVRYHUWRRQH86DGGUHVV
&10;IRUVWLWHPIRUQGDQGIRUHDFKDGG¶O
&' 9HUVLRQ
$OO2WKHU&RXQWULHVIRUVWLWHPIRUQGDQGIRUHDFKDGGLWLRQDO
%X\ERWKIRURQO\
CQ Communications, Inc.
Phone 516-681-2922 • FAX 516-681-2926 http://store.cq-amateur-radio.com
PROPAGATION
BY TOMAS HOOD,* NW7US
Ionospheric Radio Signal Propagation
$4XLFN/RRNDW&XUUHQW 2QH<HDU$JR $4XLFN/RRNDW

&\FOH&RQGLWLRQV 6RODU&\FOH&RQGLWLRQV
'DWDURXQGHGWRQHDUHVWZKROHQXPEHU 'DWDURXQGHGWRQHDUHVWZKROHQXPEHU
6XQVSRWV 6XQVSRWV
2EVHUYHG0RQWKO\'HFHPEHU 2EVHUYHG0RQWKO\'HFHPEHU
PRQWKVPRRWKHG-XQH PRQWKVPRRWKHG-XQH
FP)OX[ FP)OX[
$S ,QGH[ $S ,QGH[
'
XULQJWKHGD\OLJKWKRXUVWKHHQHUJ\IURPWKH6XQLRQ ,IWKHUDGLRVLJQDOPDNHVLWWKURXJKWKH'UHJLRQLWWKHQ
L]HVRXUXSSHUDWPRVSKHUHFDXVLQJGLVWLQFWOD\HUVRI UHDFKHVWKH(UHJLRQ,IWKH(UHJLRQLVKLJKO\LRQL]HGVD\
LRQL]HGJDVWRIRUP7KHVHOD\HUVRUUHJLRQVIRUPWKH GXULQJ DQ ( V FRQGLWLRQ DQG WKH IUHTXHQFLHV DUH ORZ
(DUWK¶VLRQRVSKHUH7KHUHJLRQFORVHVWWRWKH(DUWKLVFDOOHG HQRXJKWKHVLJQDOZLOOEHUHIUDFWHGEDFNWRWKH(DUWKPXFK
WKH'UHJLRQ%HFDXVHWKLVUHJLRQJHQHUDOO\DEVRUEVVRPH OLNHDOLJKWEHDPIURPDIODVKOLJKWLVUHIUDFWHGE\DPLUURU
RIWKHHQHUJ\RIDUDGLRZDYHWKH'UHJLRQLVRIWHQFDOOHG /RZHU +) VLJQDOV WHQG WR EH UHIUDFWHG E\ WKH (UHJLRQ
WKHDEVRUSWLRQOD\HU
+LJKHU XS LQ RXU LRQRVSKHUH ZH ILQG WKH (UHJLRQ ZKLFK
SOD\VDUROHLQ6SRUDGLF( (VSURSDJDWLRQDVZHOODVVRPH /$670,187()25(&$67
DEVRUSWLRQ 'D\WR'D\&RQGLWLRQV([SHFWHGIRU0DUFK
+LJKHU\HWZHILQGWKH)UHJLRQZKLFKGXULQJWKHGD\VSOLWV
LQWRXSWRWKUHHGLIIHUHQWGLVWLQFWUHJLRQV))DQG)ZLWK ([SHFWHG6LJQDO4XDOLW\
3URSDJDWLRQ,QGH[
WKH)SULPDULO\H[LVWLQJRYHUWKHHTXDWRU7KH(UHJLRQDQG $ERYH1RUPDO $ $ % &
)UHJLRQPD\UHIUDFWDUDGLRVLJQDOEDFNWR(DUWKLIWKHVLJ
+LJK1RUPDO $ % & &'
QDO¶V IUHTXHQF\ LV DW RU EHORZ WKH 0D[LPXP 8VDEOH
)UHTXHQF\08)
/RZ1RUPDO % &%&' '(
'XULQJWKHGD\WKH6XQLVLRQL]LQJDOORIWKHVHOD\HUVIURP
WKH'UHJLRQWKURXJKWKHKLJKHVW)UHJLRQ %HORZ1RUPDO & &' '( (

$V D UDGLR VLJQDO WUDYHOV WKURXJK WKH 'UHJLRQ LW JHWV 'LVWXUEHG &' ' ( (
DWWHQXDWHG7KHPRUHLRQL]HGWKHUHJLRQWKHJUHDWHUWKH QD
DWWHQXDWLRQ :KHUHH[SHFWHGVLJQDOTXDOLW\LV
'XULQJ VRODU IODUHV KDUG ;UD\V ZDYHOHQJWK QP $([FHOOHQWRSHQLQJH[FHSWLRQDOO\VWURQJVWHDG\VLJQDOVJUHDWHUWKDQ6
LQFUHDVHWKH'UHJLRQLRQL]DWLRQDVZHOO7KHPRUHLQWHQVH %*RRGRSHQLQJPRGHUDWHO\VWURQJVLJQDOVYDU\LQJEHWZHHQ6DQG6ZLWKOLWWOHIDG
LQJRUQRLVH
WKH;UD\UDGLDWLRQWKHGHQVHUWKH'UHJLRQEHFRPHVDQG &)DLURSHQLQJVLJQDOVEHWZHHQPRGHUDWHO\VWURQJDQGZHDNYDU\LQJEHWZHHQ6DQG
WKHKLJKHUWKHIUHTXHQFLHVWKDWDUHEORFNHG 6ZLWKVRPHIDGLQJDQGQRLVH
'3RRURSHQLQJZLWKZHDNVLJQDOVYDU\LQJEHWZHHQ6DQG6ZLWKFRQVLGHUDEOHIDG
7KHUHVWRIWKHWLPHZLWKRXWWKHLQFUHDVHG;UD\UDGLD LQJDQGQRLVH
WLRQIURPDVRODUIODUHWKHGD\WLPH'UHJLRQZLOORQO\EORFN (1RRSHQLQJH[SHFWHG
WKHORZHVW+)IUHTXHQFLHVZKLOHKLJKHUIUHTXHQFLHVZLOO
ORVHVRPHEXWQRWDOORIWKHLUHQHUJ\6LQFHVRODUUDGL +2:7286(7+,6)25(&$67
8VLQJWKH3URSDJDWLRQ&KDUWVDSSHDULQJLQ7KH1HZ6KRUWZDYH3URSDJDWLRQ+DQGERRN
DWLRQKDVWRWUDYHOWKHIDUWKHVWWRJHWWKH'UHJLRQDEVRUS E\*HRUJH-DFREV7KHRGRUH-&RKHQDQG5%5RVH
WLRQLVXVXDOO\PLQLPDO8QOHVVWKHUHLVDPDMRUVRODUUDGL D )LQG WKH 3URSDJDWLRQ ,QGH[ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH SDUWLFXODU SDWK RSHQLQJ IURP WKH
3URSDJDWLRQ&KDUWV
DWLRQ VWRUP ZH KDYH PLQLPDO GD\WLPH DEVRUSWLRQ DQG E:LWKWKH3URSDJDWLRQ,QGH[XVHWKHDERYHWDEOHWRILQGWKHH[SHFWHGVLJQDOTXDOLW\DVVR
JRRGVNLSSURSDJDWLRQ FLDWHGZLWKWKHSDWKRSHQLQJIRUDQ\JLYHQGD\RIWKHPRQWK)RUH[DPSOHDQRSHQLQJVKRZQLQ
WKH3URSDJDWLRQ&KDUWVZLWKD3URSDJDWLRQ,QGH[RIZLOOEHIDLUWRSRRURQ0DUFKWKURXJK
0DUFKQRQH[LVWDQWRQ0DUFKEXWWKHQSRRUWRIDLUDJDLQ0DUFKDQG0DUFKDQGVRIRUWK
$OWHUQDWLYHO\\RXPD\XVHWKH/DVW0LQXWH)RUHFDVWDVDJHQHUDOJXLGHWRVSDFHZHDWK
HUDQGJHRPDJQHWLFFRQGLWLRQVWKURXJKRXWWKHPRQWK:KHQFRQGLWLRQVDUH$ERYH1RUPDOIRU
32%R[ H[DPSOHWKHJHRPDJQHWLFILHOGVKRXOGEHTXLHWDQGVSDFHZHDWKHUVKRXOGEHPLOG2QWKH
/LQFROQ1( RWKHUKDQGGD\VPDUNHGDV'LVWXUEHGZLOOEHULGGOHGZLWKJHRPDJQHWLFVWRUPV3URSDJDWLRQ
RIUDGLRVLJQDOVLQWKH+)VSHFWUXPZLOOEHDIIHFWHGE\WKHVHJHRPDJQHWLFFRQGLWLRQV,QJHQ
(PDLOQZXV#QZXVXV! HUDOZKHQFRQGLWLRQVDUH+LJK1RUPDOWR$ERYH1RUPDOVLJQDOVZLOOEHPRUHUHOLDEOHRQDJLYHQ
#1:86KWWSV7ZLWWHUFRP1:86 SDWKZKHQWKHLRQRVSKHUHVXSSRUWVWKHSDWKWKDWLVLQFRQVLGHUDWLRQ7KLVFKDUWLVXSGDWHGGDLO\
DWKWWS6XQ6SRW:DWFKFRP!SURYLGHGE\1:86
#KIUDGLRVSDFHZ[KWWSV7ZLWWHUFRP+)5DGLR6SDFH:;

HVSHFLDOO\DWQLJKW'XULQJWKHGD\WKH'UHJLRQJHQHUDO
O\EORFNVWKHVHORZHU+)VLJQDOV+LJKHUIUHTXHQFLHVKRZ
HYHUSXQFKWKURXJKWKH(UHJLRQDQGUHDFKWKH)UHJLRQ
,IWKH\DUHDWRUEHORZWKH08)WKH\WRRDUHUHIUDFWHG
EDFNWRWKH(DUWKEXWDWJUHDWHUGLVWDQFHVDZD\IURPWKHLU
VRXUFH7KLVLVFDOOHGVNLSSURSDJDWLRQ
$WVXQVHWVRODUUDGLDWLRQQRORQJHUVWULNHVWKHLRQRVSKHUH
DQG WKH DFWLYH VRODULQGXFHG LRQL]DWLRQ VWRSV :LWKRXW WKLV
VRODUUDGLDWLRQWKHUHJLRQVRILRQL]DWLRQGHFUHDVHLQGHQVLW\
E\DSURFHVVFDOOHGUHFRPELQDWLRQ7KLVFDXVHVWKH08)WR
JRGRZQDVZHOOZKLFKLVZK\E\WRWDOGDUNQHVVWKHKLJK
HVW+)EDQGVFORVHGRZQ6LJQDOVDWWKRVHIUHTXHQFLHVGR
QRWJHWUHIUDFWHGWKH\WUDYHOLQWRVSDFH
Gray-Line Propagation
7KH'UHJLRQLVWKHILUVWOD\HUZKHUHLRQL]DWLRQVWRSV6LQFH
WKH'UHJLRQLVFORVHVWWRWKHJURXQGZKHQQLJKWDUULYHVVXQ
OLJKWQRORQJHUUHDFKHVLW$WWKHVDPHWLPHKLJKHUOHYHOVRI
WKHLRQRVSKHUHUHPDLQLQVXQOLJKW7KLQNDERXWKRZ\RXFDQ
VHHDSDVVLQJVDWHOOLWHE\WKHVXQOLJKWUHIOHFWHGRQLWVVXU
IDFH<RXDUHVWDQGLQJLQGDUNQHVVEXWWKHVDWHOOLWHLVLQVXQ
OLJKWLW¶VGDUNRQWKHJURXQGEXWDWWKHDOWLWXGHRIWKHVDWHO
OLWHWKHUHLVIXOOVXQOLJKWLOOXPLQDWLRQ$VWKH'UHJLRQJRHV
LQWR UHFRPELQDWLRQ WKH HOHFWURQ GHQVLW\ JRHV GRZQ DQG
WKH DEVRUSWLRQ GLHV GRZQ DOORZLQJ SUHYLRXVO\ EORFNHG
DEVRUEHGUDGLRVLJQDOVWRFRQWLQXHRQZDUGWRZDUGWKHKLJK
HULRQRVSKHULFOD\HUV
'XULQJWKHWZLOLJKWKRXUVWKH'UHJLRQUDSLGO\ORVHVLWVLRQ
L]DWLRQDQGGRHVQRWDEVRUEUDGLRVLJQDOVSDVVLQJWKURXJKLW
ZKLOHWKH(DQG)UHJLRQVDUHVWLOOEHLQJLRQL]HGE\VXQOLJKW
7KLVPDNHVIRUDERXWWRPLQXWHVRIVWURQJHUVLJQDOSURS
)LJXUH7KLVGLDJUDPVKRZVWKHOD\HUVZLWKLQ(DUWK¶VLRQRV DJDWLRQRQDZLGHUDQJHRI+)IUHTXHQFLHV
SKHUHIROORZLQJWKHLRQGHQVLW\FXUYHLQWKHDWPRVSKHUHUHG $VWKHLRQL]DWLRQGHFUHDVHVORZHUDQGORZHUIUHTXHQFLHV
OLQH7KH'UHJLRQLVWKHORZHVWDQGLVPRVWO\SUHVHQWGXU VWDUW WR SXQFK WKURXJK WKH 'UHJLRQ ZLWK DOPRVW QR VLJQDO
LQJGD\OLJKWKRXUV7KH'UHJLRQDEVRUEVUDGLRZDYHVIURP DWWHQXDWLRQ<HWWKH08)LVVWLOOKLJKDOORZLQJORQJGLVWDQFH
ORQJZDYHWRVKRUWZDYH7KHRWKHUUHJLRQVUHIUDFWVKRUWZDYH VNLSSURSDJDWLRQ7KHQZKHQWKH6XQLVEORFNHGIURPLOOX
IUHTXHQFLHVVHHWH[W&RXUWHV\RI1$6$ PLQDWLQJWKH(DQG)UHJLRQVWKH08)FDQGURSGUDPDWL
)LJXUH7KLVPDSLQFOXGHVWKHGD\OLJKWDQGJUD\OLQHUHJLRQVFUHDWHGE\WKHSRVLWLRQRIWKH6XQ1RWLFHWKDWWKHJUD\OLQH
UHJLRQLVQRWDQDUURZKDUGOLQHGLYLGLQJGD\OLJKWDQGGDUNQHVV7KHWHUPLQDWRUUHJLRQLVTXLWHZLGH:KHQWKHWUDQVPLW
WLQJDQGUHFHLYLQJVWDWLRQVDUHERWKORFDWHGLQWKHJUD\OLQHUHJLRQDQGLIWKH08)DORQJWKDWUDGLRSDWKVXSSRUWVSURSD
JDWLRQVLJQDOVWHQGWREHVWURQJDQGUHOLDEOHEHFDXVHWKH'UHJLRQLVZHDNHUWKDQGXULQJWKHKRXUVRIGD\OLJKWVHHWH[W
,PDJHE\7RPDV+RRG1:86

FDOO\ DQG YHU\ TXLFNO\ ZLWKLQ PLQXWHV 7KLV WZLOLJKW ]RQH LQJVEHWZHHQWKHPHWHUEDQGDQGPHWHUVHVSHFLDOO\
ZKHUHWKH6XQLVH[DFWO\ EHORZWKHKRUL]RQLVFDOOHGWKH IURPWKHHDVWDQGVRXWKD]LPXWKVIURP\RXUORFDWLRQDVZHOO
JUD\OLQHRULQDVWURQRPLFDOWHUPVWKHWHUPLQDWRUKWWSV DVYLDWKHSRODUSDWKV$IWHUPLGQLJKWWKURXJKPRUQLQJSURS
HQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL7HUPLQDWRUBVRODU! DJDWLRQZLOOEHVSRWW\DERYHWKHPHWHUEDQGEXWIURP
7KHVDPHSULQFLSOHVDSSO\DWVXQULVHWKHXSSHULRQRVSKHUH PHWHUVGRZQWRWKHWURSLFDOEDQGVH[SHFWKRWSURSDJDWLRQ
EHJLQVWREHFRPHLRQL]HGZKLOHWKH'UHJLRQLVVWLOOGDUNDQG 2QHDGYHUVHFKDQJHWKLVPRQWKLVWKHVORZULVHLQDWPRV
ORZLQGHQVLW\RIIHULQJIUHHSDVVDJHRIYHU\ORZ+)VLJQDOV SKHULF QRLVH RQ WKH VKRUWZDYH VSHFWUXP GXH WR ZHDWKHU
HYHQPHGLXPZDYHVLJQDOV FKDQJHV DQG WKH ZD\ WKLV 5) QRLVH SURSDJDWHV ORQJ GLV
6LJQDOVWKDWDUHDLPHGDORQJDSDWKWKDWVWD\VZLWKLQWKH
JUD\OLQHRIWHQH[SHULHQFHVLJQLILFDQWLPSURYHPHQWVLQSURS
DJDWLRQ:KHQSURSDJDWLRQLVRSHQEHWZHHQWZRUHJLRQVWKDW
DUHVLPXOWDQHRXVO\H[SHULHQFLQJVXQULVHRUVXQVHWZHUHIHU
WRWKLVDVJUD\OLQHSURSDJDWLRQDQGLW¶VDYHU\H[FLWLQJZD\
WRKHDUH[RWLF';VLJQDOV
7KHVHVLJQDOVPD\EHFRPLQJLQIURPWKHORQJSDWKDVZHOO
DVWKHVKRUWSDWKEXWDOZD\VDORQJWKLVJUD\OLQH7KHIUH
TXHQFLHVWKDWVNLSDORQJWKLVWHUPLQDWRUDUHGLFWDWHGE\WKH
08)DORQJWKHJLYHQSDWK
7KHUHLVDQH[FHOOHQWDUWLFOHUHJDUGLQJJUD\OLQHSURSDJD
WLRQE\6WHYH1LFKROV*.<$DWZZZTVOQHWJN\DUDG
FRPKWPO!6WHYHDPHPEHURIWKH5DGLR6RFLHW\RI*UHDW
%ULWDLQ¶V3URSDJDWLRQ6WXGLHV&RPPLWWHHEHOLHYHVWKDWSURS
DJDWLRQDURXQGVXQULVHDQGVXQVHWLVQRWIXOO\XQGHUVWRRG
+LV DUWLFOH RXWOLQHV WKH PHFKDQLVPV EHKLQG JUD\OLQH DQG
RWKHUWZLOLJKWSURSDJDWLRQPRGHVDQGH[SODLQVDUHVHDUFK
SURMHFWGHVLJQHGWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGWKHVHPRGHV
$VZHDUHULJKWDWWKHVWDUWRIWKHULVHSKDVHRI6RODU&\FOH
JUD\OLQHSURSDJDWLRQZLOOLPSURYHEULQJLQJH[FLWLQJ';
7XQHDURXQGWKHORZHUVKRUWZDYHEDQGVDERXWDQKRXUEHIRUH
VXQULVH DQG DJDLQ ULJKW EHIRUH VXQVHW DQG ORRN IRU WKHVH
ORQJGLVWDQFHVLJQDOV2IFRXUVHJUD\OLQH';ZLOORFFXURQ
PRVWRIWKH+)VSHFWUXPEXWLVTXLWHQRWLFHDEOHRQWKHVH
ORZHUVKRUWZDYHEDQGVVLQFH';VLJQDOVRQWKHVHEDQGVDUH
OHVVFRPPRQ
March Shortwave (HF) Propagation

$VWKHVSULQJHTXLQR[DSSURDFKHV0DUFKWKWKLV\HDUWKH
ERXQGDU\OLQHWKHJUD\OLQHWHUPLQDWRUEHWZHHQGD\OLJKWDQG
GDUNQHVV EHJLQV WR UXQ VWUDLJKW QRUWK DQG VRXWK :LWK WKH
JUDGXDOUHWXUQRIVXQOLJKWWRWKHSRODUQRUWKWKH+)EDQGV
LPSURYHEHFDXVHPRUHRIWKHLRQRVSKHUHLVEHLQJHQHUJL]HG
GXULQJWKHORQJHUSHULRGRIGD\OLJKWHDFKGD\7RWKLVVHD
VRQDOLPSURYHPHQWRQWKHVKRUWZDYHVSHFWUXPZHDGGWKH
VOLJKWSRVVLEOHLQFUHDVHLQVRODUDFWLYLW\DVWKH6XQEHFRPHV
PRUHDFWLYHLQWKLVEHJLQQLQJXSZDUGSKDVHRI6RODU&\FOH
7KLVUHVXOWVLQDQH[FLWLQJ';VHDVRQGHYHORSLQJRQWKH
KLJKIUHTXHQFLHV
:KLOHWKHKLJKHVW+)EDQGVEHJLQWRVHHPRUHRSHQLQJV
WKH\ZLOOVWLOOEHVKRUWHUDQGVRPHWLPHVZHDN7KHPRVWUHOL
DEOHSDWKVZLOOEHQRUWKVRXWKZLWKRQO\VOLJKWLPSURYHPHQW
IRUHDVWZHVWSURSDJDWLRQSDWKV%\QH[WPRQWKWKRXJKWKLV
LPSURYHPHQWZLOOEHQRWLFHDEOH$PDWHXUUDGLRRSHUDWRUVPD\
ORRNIRUPHWHU';RSHQLQJVLQWKHHDUO\PRUQLQJDQGDJDLQ
LQWKHHDUO\HYHQLQJWKRXJKWKHUHZLOOEHRSHQLQJVWKURXJK
RXWWKHGD\IRUVKRUWHUSDWKV2QWKURXJKPHWHUVWKLV )LJXUH6FUHHQFDSWXUHIURPWKHFROXPQLVW¶VVSDFHZHDWK
FKDQJHZLOOEHPRUHSURQRXQFHG HU DQG UDGLR SURSDJDWLRQ ZHEVLWH KWWS6XQ6SRW:DWFK
6KRUWZDYHUDGLROLVWHQHUVZLOOILQGPRUH';IURPLQWHUQD FRP!VKRZLQJLPDJHVRIWKH6XQDVZHOODVWKH'5HJLRQ
WLRQDO EURDGFDVWLQJ VWDWLRQV RQ DQG PHWHUV 7KHVH DEVRUSWLRQPDS7KHUHJLRQWKDWLVFRORUHGLVWKHDUHDLQZKLFK
EDQGVZLOOEHIDLUO\VWDEOHIRUUHJLRQDODVZHOODV';SURSD 'UHJLRQDEVRUSWLRQLVRFFXUULQJWKHFRORUSXUSOHLOOXVWUDWHV
JDWLRQIROORZLQJWKH6XQ²';IURPWKHHDVWRIWKHOLVWHQ ZHDNDQGORZHUIUHTXHQF\DEVRUSWLRQ,IWKHFRORUFKDQJHG
HU¶VORFDWLRQGXULQJWKHHDUO\PRUQLQJPRYLQJWRWKHZHVWRI IURP SXUSOHV DQG EOXHV LQWR UHG WKHQ DEVRUSWLRQ LV YHU\
WKHOLVWHQHU¶VORFDWLRQE\HYHQLQJ7KHSULPHHYHQLQJKRXUV VWURQJDQGKLJKLQIUHTXHQF\HIIHFWLYHO\DEVRUELQJDOOIUH
LQWKH86DUHVXQULVHKRXUVDFURVVSDUWVRI$VLD(XURSH TXHQFLHVIURPPHGLXPZDYHWKURXJKKLJKVKRUWZDYH7KLV
WKH0LGGOH(DVWDQG$IULFD/RRNIRUORQJSDWKSURSDJDWLRQ PDSLVLQUHDOWLPHDQGZLOODOVRLQGLFDWHWKHLPSDFWRIDQ;
DVZHOORQWKHVHEDQGV UD\IODUH>&RXUWHV\RIKWWS6XQ6SRW:DWFKFRP!7RPDV
%HWZHHQVXQVHWDQGPLGQLJKWH[SHFWH[FLWLQJ';RSHQ +RRG1:866:3&1$6$6'2$,$@

)LJXUH7KH'UHJLRQDEVRUSWLRQPDSRQ)HEUXDU\WK MXVWEHIRUH87&QRRQ7KHUHLVQRDUHDFRORUHGEHFDXVHWKHUHLV
QR DEVRUSWLRQ RFFXUULQJ 7KLV PDS LV LQ UHDOWLPH DQG ZLOO DOVR LQGLFDWH WKH LPSDFW RI DQ ;UD\ IODUH >&RXUWHV\ RI
KWWS6XQ6SRW:DWFKFRP!7RPDV+RRG1:866:3&@
WDQFHVYLDWKHLRQRVSKHUH2IFRXUVHZLWKWKHULVHLQVRODU :HDWKHU DQG 5DGLR 3URSDJDWLRQ )DFHERRN SDJH DW

DFWLYLW\ JHRPDJQHWLF FRQGLWLRQV DUH H[SHFWHG WR EHFRPH KWWSVIEPHVSDFHZ[KIUDGLR!
PRUHFKDRWLFZLWKRFFDVLRQDOVWRUPSHULRGVWKDWZLOOGHJUDGH
VKRUWZDYH SURSDJDWLRQ $ VWURQJ JHRPDJQHWLF VWRUP FDQ Current Solar Cycle Progress
ORZHUWKHHIIHFWLYHPD[LPXPXVDEOHIUHTXHQF\RYHUDJLYHQ 7KH5R\DO2EVHUYDWRU\RI%HOJLXPUHSRUWVWKDWWKHPRQWKO\
SDWKEHWZHHQWZRVWDWLRQVE\DVPXFKDV7KHLQFUHDVH PHDQREVHUYHGVXQVSRWQXPEHUIRU'HFHPEHULV
LQQRLVHDVZHOODVJHRPDJQHWLFGLVWXUEDQFHVZLOOPDNHIRU 7KHPRQWKUXQQLQJVPRRWKHGVXQVSRWQXPEHUFHQWHUHG
SHULRGVRIPRUHFKDOOHQJLQJ';LQJ RQ-XQHLV$VPRRWKHGVXQVSRWFRXQWRIJLYHRU
/RRNIRUJUD\OLQH';LQWKHPRUQLQJVDQGHYHQLQJVRQORZHU WDNHDERXWSRLQWVLVH[SHFWHGIRU0DUFK
IUHTXHQFLHV7UDQVHTXDWRULDOSURSDJDWLRQZLOOEHPRUHOLNH 7KH 'RPLQLRQ 5DGLR $VWURSK\VLFDO 2EVHUYDWRU\ DW
O\WRZDUGVXQVHWGXULQJGD\VRIKLJKVRODUIOX[DQGDGLVWXUEHG 3HQWLFWRQ%&&DQDGDUHSRUWVDFPREVHUYHGPRQWK
JHRPDJQHWLFILHOGORRNIRUGD\VZLWKDQ$S JUHDWHUWKDQ O\PHDQVRODUIOX[RIIRU'HFHPEHU7KHPRQWK
RUDSODQHWDU\.LQGH[.SJUHDWHUWKDQ±7+(V RSHQ VPRRWKHGFPIOX[FHQWHUHGRQ-XQHLV7KH
LQJVVKRXOGEHLQFUHDVLQJIRUVKRUWHUUDQJHRSHQLQJV SUHGLFWHGVPRRWKHGFPVRODUIOX[IRU0DUFKLV
JLYHRUWDNHSRLQWV
VHF Conditions 7KH REVHUYHG PRQWKO\ PHDQ SODQHWDU\ $,QGH[ $S IRU
&KHFNIRUORZ9+)VKRUWVNLSRSHQLQJVGXULQJWKHGD\OLJKW 'HFHPEHULV7KHPRQWKVPRRWKHG$S LQGH[FHQ
KRXUV 6RPH VKRUWVNLS RSHQLQJV RYHU GLVWDQFHV RI DERXW WHUHGRQ-XQHLV
WRPLOHVPD\RFFXU7KHEHVWWLPHVIRUVXFKRSHQ *HRPDJQHWLFDFWLYLW\WKLVPRQWKVKRXOGEHPRVWO\TXLHWZLWK
LQJVDUHGXULQJWKHDIWHUQRRQKRXUV IDLU WR JRRG SURSDJDWLRQ FRQGLWLRQV H[FHSW IRU WKRVH GD\V
$XURUDODFWLYLW\RIWHQRFFXUVGXULQJSHULRGVRIUDGLRVWRUPL LQGLFDWHGLQWKH/DVW0LQXWH)RUHFDVWGXULQJZKLFKZHH[SHFW
QHVVRQWKH+)EDQGV/RRNIRUGD\VZKHUHWKH$S LVFOLPE GHJUDGHGSURSDJDWLRQUHPHPEHUWKDW\RXFDQJHWDQXSWR
LQJZKHQWKH.S UHDFKHVRUKLJKHU7KHVHDUHWKHGD\VRQ WKHGD\ /DVW0LQXWH )RUHFDVW DW KWWS6XQ6SRW:DWFK
ZKLFK9+)DXURUDOW\SHRSHQLQJVDUHPRVWOLNHO\WRRFFXU FRP! RQWKHPDLQSDJH±7+
&KHFNWKH/DVW0LQXWH)RUHFDVWIRUWKRVHGD\VH[SHFWHGWR , ZHOFRPH \RXU WKRXJKWV TXHVWLRQV DQG H[SHULHQFHV
EH%HORZ1RUPDORU'LVWXUEHGGXULQJ0DUFK UHJDUGLQJWKLVIDVFLQDWLQJVFLHQFHRISURSDJDWLRQ<RXPD\
,I\RXXVH7ZLWWHU\RXFDQIROORZ#KIUDGLRVSDFHZ[! HPDLOPHZULWHPHDOHWWHURUFDWFKPHRQWKH+)DPDWHXU
IRUKRXUO\XSGDWHVWKDWLQFOXGHWKH.LQGH[QXPEHUV<RX EDQGV ,I \RX DUH RQ )DFHERRN FKHFN RXW KWWSVIEPH
FDQ DOVR FKHFN WKH QXPEHUV DW KWWS6XQ6SRW:DWFK VSDFHZ[KIUDGLR!DQGKWWSVIEPH1:86!²VSHDNLQJ
FRP!ZKHUHWKLVFROXPQLVWSURYLGHVDZHDOWKRIFXUUHQW RI)DFHERRN²FKHFNRXWWKH&4$PDWHXU5DGLR PDJD]LQH
VSDFHZHDWKHUGHWDLOVDVZHOODVOLQNV3OHDVHUHSRUW\RXU IDQSDJHDWKWWSVIEPH&40DJ!
REVHUYDWLRQV RI DQ\ QRWDEOH SURSDJDWLRQ FRQGLWLRQV
E\ ZULWLQJ WKLV FROXPQLVW YLD 7ZLWWHU RU YLD WKH 6SDFH ± 7RPDV1:86

Number groups after callsigns denote the follow- *WA3AAN " 12,720 86 20 29 31 *KO4OL " 289 14 5 4 8 *KE5LQ " 36,936 166 40 48 64
ing: Band, Final Score, QSOs, Zones, Countries, *N3VOP " 8,208 84 17 29 26 *AE4ED 7 61,586 414 17 39 50 *K5HDU " 5,712 75 15 16 37
*KC3MIO " 6,786 55 25 30 23 *WN4AFP " 6,912 100 9 17 28 *K5WW " 2,436 48 8 7 27
States/Provinces. An asterisk (*) indicates low *WA3FAE " 5,488 47 15 27 14 *AAØO " 5,148 65 10 18 24 *W5IDX " 112 8 5 3 6
power. Certificate winners are listed in boldface. *W3FA " 4,725 63 14 19 30 *W4NBS " 1,247 28 7 8 14 *W5DCC 14A 22,630 265 12 15 46
Late logs are listed in italics. *W3UL " 4,118 54 15 14 29 N6AR AA 823,752 1101 77 166 165 (OP: NK5G)
*KA3FZN " 3,825 35 17 22 12 K5EK " 637,146 933 62 149 131
*N8HM " 361 10 7 7 5 W4CU " 560,994 940 66 135 160 District 6
2019 CQWW DX RTTY RESULTS *N3GH 21 3,444 57 13 17 11 N4IQ " 470,750 995 62 122 166 N6JV A 338,640 917 52 65 138
*KF3EB 14 9,180 99 11 20 29 NR4O " 452,682 999 52 111 140 N3RC " 256,486 805 48 69 140
SINGLE OPERATOR *KX2S " 4,048 49 8 17 21 W4TTY " 424,908 665 60 147 112 NN6XX " 197,036 663 48 53 125
NORTH AMERICA *K3LT " 1,749 27 11 15 7 K4XL " 347,139 607 59 134 106 NN6DX " 148,730 437 49 70 95
*KB3LIX 7 5,076 61 10 16 28 N4QS " 337,225 742 56 97 134 (OP: W1PR)
United States, District 1 AA3B AA 2,578,576 2467 90 261 188 W4JAM " 308,524 612 57 116 101 N6GP " 146,674 451 49 61 116
K5ZD A 992,628 1356 61 159 131 N3QE " 1,372,820 1762 68 177 170 N4BCD " 305,532 631 55 106 115 K6TD " 143,520 456 38 51 95
WA2HIP " 39,360 213 25 48 50 W3FIZ " 984,192 1381 62 170 120 N4ZZ " 281,542 776 40 81 118 NC6K " 119,925 456 36 45 124
K1SND " 38,544 229 29 45 58 W3FV " 800,020 1149 60 148 132 AA4DD " 245,760 589 50 93 113 KI6VC " 119,464 595 42 42 134
*N1IXF A 705,348 1098 54 138 119 K3MM " 662,998 932 73 175 158 K4JKB " 241,920 598 51 103 116 K6TQ " 106,470 393 40 51 91
*NE1D " 241,837 504 49 111 97 K3PP " 599,104 804 69 165 118 W3YY " 239,088 513 50 115 107 W6JBR " 66,990 290 38 43 73
*AE1P " 159,570 433 35 73 89 NA3M " 383,551 530 63 159 127 WJ2D " 208,884 452 38 105 63 K6NR " 34,472 185 29 35 60
*W1ARY " 95,749 288 36 79 66 K3MD " 211,560 625 34 85 96 K2WK " 204,368 456 48 101 92 WA6URY " 19,203 135 28 29 54
*W1DYJ " 54,165 203 33 61 63 NN3RP " 130,296 443 29 66 88 K3IE " 192,864 444 50 103 93 AI6O " 12,880 113 19 18 55
*KG1V " 37,872 145 33 63 48 KD3TB " 108,592 352 31 67 78 K4FX " 192,140 417 59 103 98 K6XX 14 1,540 25 8 15 5
*KB1LRL " 33,813 147 23 55 39 W3MF " 100,800 264 37 82 41 W4VIC " 175,471 405 45 98 84 W6RKC 7 10,240 83 17 20 27
*KC1SA " 32,364 164 25 43 48 N4ZR " 80,272 241 32 74 67 N4TGD " 140,224 428 43 64 117 K6TET " 165 13 3 2 6
*KC1ERO " 30,240 127 25 54 33 AA3S " 51,342 181 31 62 36 NS4X " 127,656 432 40 72 85 *WN6K A 223,223 763 43 46 134
*K1VW " 26,536 160 23 44 40 K3TN " 19,448 107 25 40 39 WB4HRL " 120,848 352 41 77 90 *N6RVI " 113,712 415 43 48 93
*N1RDN " 19,200 109 24 42 30 N3FJP " 12,792 106 17 23 42 K8AC " 105,504 304 33 70 54 *KK6KMU " 48,312 270 27 30 75
*KX1X " 10,270 77 20 31 28 KB3Z " 8,505 77 18 23 40 AJ4VE " 102,135 303 34 66 65 *AA2IL " 30,976 200 26 26 69
*K3SSS " 4,503 58 15 18 24 W3OU " 2,077 25 9 18 4 N4YDU " 96,300 299 47 74 93 *KD6C " 24,864 186 35 38 11
(OP: @W1/CHAPLIN) W3GVX 14A 8,996 101 14 18 20 K4QD " 85,840 283 36 68 81 *WK6I " 19,608 105 37 33 44
*WC4E " 3,944 40 18 19 21 *W3KB AA 279,300 543 56 120 109 W4TM " 83,300 284 47 66 83 *K6BIR " 18,315 134 24 26 49
*K1LHO " 3,660 63 17 14 30 *NY3B " 233,230 496 56 113 112 NZ4N " 76,360 269 33 66 67 *N5YJZ " 18,117 147 20 20 59
*K1CGZ " 3,350 39 15 19 16 *KN3A " 15,010 101 23 36 36 K4RO " 74,730 265 39 58 62 *AF6GQ " 17,160 119 28 28 48
*KO4W " 2,091 49 8 6 27 K1LTJ " 65,065 224 40 76 53 *K6JF " 14,964 125 22 21 44
*AB1J 14 64,400 292 17 56 39 District 4 W5MX " 61,535 314 31 38 86 *N6UTC " 12,348 111 23 23 38
K6DTT/1 AA 1,400,100 1542 70 200 120 AG4W A 678,506 1221 62 132 152 WR4B " 60,828 198 36 69 43 *W6RQ " 11,745 105 23 24 40
KB1W " 435,768 884 46 116 109 K4ADR " 374,227 953 46 90 124 W4GE " 58,259 179 40 71 38 *WU6K " 6,440 68 20 19 31
W1DX " 336,429 610 50 122 89 W4PK " 307,720 743 41 86 118 N3UA " 52,184 252 16 48 24 *W6SFI " 6,365 73 16 15 36
(OP: W1AN) W4GKM " 296,438 818 45 79 145 NJ2F " 51,408 197 42 52 74 *N6OPE " 6,120 93 20 18 34
WA1Z " 166,222 352 47 103 67 AC8Y " 246,829 573 38 89 82 N3ND " 43,878 156 33 57 52 *KC9EI " 5,460 72 22 21 27
KW1DX " 139,722 361 37 86 51 AI4WW " 236,829 571 50 99 118 N2TU " 38,940 168 30 50 52 *WB6KDH " 2,016 41 14 12 10
N1MD " 107,445 309 32 78 35 K7OM/4 " 196,750 544 45 80 125 N4MM " 32,886 156 15 47 25 *AA6MK " 1,798 55 11 9 42
NV1Q " 34,444 155 27 53 29 W3IK " 134,976 404 48 74 106 AJ4A " 25,420 131 33 39 52 *KD6HOF " 1,050 31 7 7 16
W1CTN " 14,400 104 21 29 25 W4OX " 94,430 293 38 77 75 K4NV " 24,752 180 21 28 55 *AI6V " 580 22 9 8 12
K1SOC " 12,500 98 25 26 49 AD4TJ " 81,337 281 34 56 73 K3WA " 24,360 156 19 33 53 *KM6VEK " 54 5 3 2 4
(OP: W1CTN) W3SA " 73,548 276 33 54 75 N4GU " 20,128 111 17 44 7 *KF6RY 14 24,210 185 19 31 40
WW4LL 14A 408,558 1171 25 82 42 W3TB " 71,435 294 31 53 73 WB2BTJ " 15,570 104 18 37 35 (OP: W6ZL)
K1SM " 28,981 176 13 40 20 NN4NT " 67,115 239 32 57 66 KSØCW " 13,197 99 19 30 34 *N6BHX " 2,816 38 14 12 18
W1VE " 26,598 186 9 31 22 KO8V " 66,598 243 21 61 60 K4WW 14A 125,857 440 20 63 44 N6IE AA 562,700 942 71 116 153
NN9DD 7A 161,536 687 19 62 47 KG4CUY " 59,494 250 32 55 64 K4MGE " 17,617 188 14 27 38 WE6Z " 286,995 772 57 71 137
N1MGO 3.5A 187 12 5 5 7 W4BCG " 59,006 277 31 46 86 *AA4LS AA 180,075 538 47 84 114 W6SX " 169,389 491 51 59 151
*KS1J AA 351,833 645 49 122 86 NØSMX " 55,432 218 38 60 66 *W3OA " 143,166 341 51 97 75 K6OK " 162,945 476 46 57 110
*N1API " 150,897 396 32 87 60 N4CF " 53,066 211 39 56 74 *N2QT " 96,333 331 38 64 95 W6RC " 158,685 561 45 54 114
*KA2KON " 132,854 355 35 88 58 WB4YDY " 52,480 199 41 55 64 *KG4IGC " 94,488 305 38 82 66 NX6T " 157,896 540 45 51 108
*AE1EZ " 120,801 388 40 84 77 K2PS " 40,610 225 29 48 54 *K2MK " 64,527 298 34 42 81 W9KKN " 134,590 468 50 53 112
*K1ECU " 66,528 250 36 62 78 WF4W " 32,128 151 28 39 61 *W4EE " 54,810 242 26 55 45 W6RDF " 96,525 476 32 39 94
*K7RB " 60,417 242 28 56 63 KC4SAW " 30,634 144 21 53 32 *KK4R " 52,947 201 31 52 76 (OP: N6CY)
*W1GD " 56,446 142 42 89 38 K4MI " 30,480 184 26 31 70 *KN4LKC " 41,540 174 28 52 54 N6RV " 42,976 175 41 45 50
*W1FSH " 6,615 54 17 23 23 N3KN " 27,370 149 26 36 53 *N4YCI " 18,392 125 28 39 54 W1RH " 40,740 208 27 35 78
*K1JSM 14A 50,467 278 18 55 36 N4TL " 27,060 132 25 43 42 *KG3V " 17,542 103 22 35 41 W6IA " 40,440 232 26 26 68
KB4QZH " 25,544 162 24 32 47 *NZ6T " 11,385 104 23 26 50 NK6A " 40,256 186 35 41 60
District 2 NR4C " 20,223 122 22 34 51 *K4VBM " 11,125 88 22 28 39 NN6NN " 39,420 205 32 33 70
K2RET A 197,736 580 41 89 101 K4CV " 15,624 100 20 35 29 *KM4RK " 10,764 64 25 33 20 (OP: W6XK)
K2XA " 129,285 304 44 87 64 WR4JW " 15,228 111 20 26 48 *K3KZU " 3,776 53 19 23 22 K6HGF " 32,542 191 29 28 49
NN2NN " 95,228 351 33 64 82 NN4SS " 11,040 65 21 38 10 *N1IA " 3,504 59 10 11 27 N6QQ " 30,414 128 37 43 31
K4RUM " 68,970 255 34 55 76 W5XB " 3,604 43 17 20 16 *WN8Y " 2,392 50 15 16 21 K6MM " 27,610 171 31 30 49
W2LE " 61,854 221 24 57 41 W1GKT " 3,168 50 9 13 22 *K4FT " 870 20 9 8 13 K6ZH " 17,115 110 29 27 49
KA2AEY " 13,908 118 16 29 31 K4WI 28 5,124 76 10 13 19 *WA1FCN 14A 147,686 625 24 65 48 AF6SA " 15,150 91 31 34 36
N2YBB 14 70,818 306 18 61 32 K3KG 21 32,088 228 17 37 30 W6MOB " 9,675 57 32 37 6
*WB2NFL A 115,248 331 38 80 78 W4UK 14 627 22 8 7 4 District 5 K6AW 14A 140,012 577 26 63 53
*W2JV " 76,560 300 21 57 42 K4FJ 3.5 28,466 267 11 31 44 N5VU A 161,568 504 44 75 97 *KE6GLA AA 114,800 459 44 43 113
*WB2COY " 73,372 276 32 59 75 *AA2MF A 612,766 1414 53 120 149 N5RZ " 160,400 504 43 62 95 *AG6JA " 360 11 8 8 4
*KC2WUF " 58,212 213 35 56 63 *W4GO " 572,782 1079 60 134 132 N5DD " 32,526 151 36 42 61
*W2FDJ " 56,248 218 37 57 64 *NU4E " 304,440 742 57 99 139 KF5VRD " 23,622 207 16 18 59 District 7
*N2HMM " 55,211 271 23 45 69 *KC4HW " 160,548 575 34 64 106 W5KI " 6,100 57 17 24 20 N7GP A 366,482 1018 51 74 132
*AC2OC " 46,893 205 33 49 65 *KF4FC " 117,384 369 40 66 95 N5OT " 1,932 36 10 10 22 W7XQ " 241,150 577 57 85 123
*NS2N " 37,639 167 32 45 56 *W3DQS " 92,058 391 41 53 107 N5ATM " 1,728 46 7 7 22 W7QDM " 181,575 607 42 62 121
*W2DXE " 36,494 171 31 47 64 *KQ4AV " 85,170 255 33 74 60 W5PR 28 7,744 96 12 17 15 WU6W " 131,242 488 40 46 125
*K2GLS " 24,084 155 21 31 56 *WA3LXD " 78,126 299 33 62 79 N5TF 14 1,749 43 8 9 16 KB7N " 106,590 411 42 46 99
*N2MUN " 22,320 121 21 42 30 *K4LPQ " 69,030 290 35 53 89 *NN5T A 179,690 485 49 74 101 K7LFY " 104,493 453 40 46 97
*AK2S " 20,160 124 16 34 34 *N3CKI " 58,756 293 25 43 80 *K5DHY " 133,272 421 47 76 93 K7VIC " 67,828 397 21 30 73
*N2CU " 19,800 103 21 42 36 *K4FTO " 55,173 221 36 58 65 *WB5BHS " 109,395 503 31 39 117 AC7GL " 61,934 260 37 44 92
*ND2K " 14,790 110 19 27 41 *KM4FO " 54,450 295 27 36 87 *N5KWN " 98,000 404 35 54 86 KI6QDH " 53,284 283 34 36 84
*KE2D " 7,735 61 19 26 20 *W4PJW " 53,742 278 31 43 85 *KK5JD " 89,646 355 44 57 100 W7YAQ " 49,590 235 38 39 68
*KA2WIK " 5,772 74 18 15 41 *KW4J " 53,016 242 28 52 61 *K5GDX " 87,178 316 38 54 90 AK7O " 46,228 321 25 25 77
*KD2DVW " 3,404 50 11 11 24 *K4FJW " 51,436 219 34 48 72 (OP: WQ5L) K7EG " 31,992 171 31 41 52
*WA2QAU " 648 17 9 6 12 *KC8GCR " 48,140 202 31 54 60 *K5IB " 84,422 311 41 56 94 AC7JW " 31,460 182 31 38 61
*KS2G 14 10,850 109 12 25 25 *W5MMW " 46,500 175 40 56 59 *NK5P " 76,109 356 42 50 95 WD7E " 18,256 111 28 27 57
*W2VTV 7 23,630 199 14 32 39 *WA8OJR " 43,200 185 29 44 62 *N5RLM " 74,676 268 45 56 95 AD7XG " 15,416 82 27 38 17
N2WK AA 226,269 464 55 115 109 *KC4TNQ " 41,817 194 35 44 80 *WB5K " 51,623 312 29 30 84 K6UM " 12,876 100 23 23 41
K2NV " 203,232 490 45 92 95 *W1BQ " 39,337 181 33 47 59 *AJ4F " 48,396 208 36 51 61 K9QJS " 6,138 63 17 16 29
W2YK " 81,675 216 40 92 33 *W4GHV " 32,560 183 39 58 13 *NZ5O " 45,717 203 36 49 62 WO7V " 832 18 9 8 9
AA2GF " 77,695 298 42 87 76 *AI4GR " 32,340 169 31 40 61 *KG5U " 30,030 156 39 42 62 N7XCZ " 161 17 6 5 12
WA3AFS " 75,516 243 42 75 69 *KD4YDD " 31,220 142 37 49 54 *WB5AAA " 29,149 167 24 42 37 AA7V 14 26,010 225 19 21 45
K2PAL " 67,452 269 29 61 56 *NF4J " 30,246 179 31 42 69 *W5LA " 27,027 176 29 32 56 *N7IR A 406,692 939 61 94 131
N2CG " 8,763 50 25 41 3 *NN4RB " 29,500 138 31 47 47 *KD5ILA " 26,078 226 23 18 77 *WS7V " 58,282 282 33 38 90
N6EE " 725 16 9 9 7 *K4BX " 26,656 158 23 33 56 *N5EKW " 21,850 150 25 31 59 *KC7CM " 51,606 273 32 30 78
WB2NVR 14A 36,375 193 13 51 33 *W4WWQ " 26,568 122 33 47 43 *KØGEO " 20,304 146 25 25 58 *NW7D " 46,035 234 33 35 87
*NY6DX AA 235,711 652 42 90 91 *K8ARY " 25,630 127 23 43 44 *KF5BA " 15,515 131 25 26 56 *K7HKR " 44,968 208 31 37 78
*K2AL " 72,933 265 27 57 77 *N7IVV " 22,425 144 22 37 56 *KJ6DQ " 14,664 110 18 29 31 *N7DB " 44,070 240 33 36 61
*K2TWI " 67,482 209 24 69 45 *WF7T " 19,320 110 26 34 45 *NM5Z " 14,652 124 23 24 52 *K7AZT " 37,884 199 31 31 70
*W2TT " 22,464 111 27 43 34 *AA5JF " 17,784 104 30 39 45 *AB8YZ " 11,718 143 30 29 3 *N7UVH " 23,985 175 25 23 69
*K2SI " 21,008 125 22 31 48 *W4TIJ " 16,461 114 22 30 41 *KM6HB " 8,774 75 24 21 37 *KB7AK " 19,690 142 26 25 59
*KB2URI " 12,684 88 20 32 32 *W1LZ " 16,150 112 20 31 44 *N5KAE " 8,118 74 15 23 28 *N7ESU " 19,341 239 24 31 8
*K1NY " 5,670 48 18 27 18 *AB4IQ " 16,032 107 27 31 38 *W5TD " 5,460 58 18 20 27 *K7RBT " 18,914 138 26 25 47
*KQ4KX " 15,197 103 22 33 36 *K5CRJ " 4,060 52 15 14 29 *N7AME " 15,617 155 24 25 48
District 3 *KK4HEG " 14,661 160 12 12 57 *WV5Y " 2,760 51 11 10 19 *KE7GKI " 14,877 151 17 16 54
W3RGA A 383,625 859 52 108 119 *NC4MI " 13,392 100 23 28 42 *WW5XX " 1,739 47 11 11 15 *K7MY " 14,342 104 24 24 53
KE3GK " 177,410 449 41 95 90 *W5VS " 13,248 97 20 26 46 *KE5XV " 1,520 35 8 7 23 *KG7VIZ " 12,996 143 16 15 45
K3UL " 143,528 412 51 96 86 *KC3EF " 12,420 104 23 26 41 *K5ND 21 2,190 31 12 14 4 *WB7CYO " 12,628 134 16 14 47
K1BZ " 112,401 315 42 85 80 *W4JSI " 12,126 89 26 38 30 *KD5JHE 14 10,622 101 12 32 3 *N7FG " 12,367 96 25 26 32
N3XL " 81,269 323 35 64 82 *W4HM " 11,495 92 24 25 46 *W5CUY " 2,730 35 14 17 11 *AA4Q " 11,440 106 19 18 43
N3DUE " 79,119 293 31 56 90 *WC4T " 11,205 116 16 18 49 *N5RMS 7 480 47 5 3 22 *WB6JJJ " 10,731 109 17 15 41
W8LYJ " 54,257 243 32 60 69 *K4GMH " 9,600 118 11 20 33 NT5V AA 539,601 1080 62 123 136 *KB7ABJ " 10,624 95 21 20 42
KW3A " 50,325 201 38 60 67 *KS4X " 9,440 72 20 26 34 AC4CA " 527,672 1105 57 97 130 *AF7NX " 8,280 90 17 18 34
K3QIA " 40,320 173 27 52 47 *KS4S " 7,812 101 12 14 37 K5BG " 168,715 492 44 75 86 *W7JHR " 6,630 103 22 20 9
KG4USN " 16,262 106 21 35 38 *N4AU " 4,815 40 14 30 1 KA5M " 167,877 517 40 75 92 *KO6UW " 5,915 70 19 18 28
K3OK " 16,074 113 21 33 40 *KM4MK " 3,465 43 18 15 22 K8LS " 140,114 485 46 66 109 *N7JI " 5,782 68 17 15 27
4U1WB 14 58,140 452 18 31 46 *W5JR " 2,907 43 14 14 23 N5XJ " 69,966 247 31 62 45 *NE7O " 5,538 94 14 13 44
(OP: AJ3M) *KK4WX " 2,862 43 17 13 24 K5CI " 69,142 294 43 52 86 *KK7A " 3,888 61 11 12 31
AI3Q " 30,310 159 13 46 11 *WJ4HCP " 2,576 46 15 14 27 W5VQ " 68,640 281 34 64 32 *W7QL " 3,240 47 12 14 28
N3MWQ " 3,036 48 12 15 17 *KA3EHL " 2,142 44 14 17 20 K5CKS " 65,400 242 32 57 61 *KU7Y " 2,679 38 14 14 19
*KB3AAY A 202,356 495 45 88 98 *N4MRM " 2,070 27 9 21 0 K5XH " 53,808 270 27 37 88 *AA7IH " 1,989 37 13 11 15
*AJ3C " 116,372 385 34 70 84 *KT3T " 1,575 64 21 21 33 N5TIT " 35,765 238 26 33 56 *WT8P " 1,813 38 14 11 24
*K3URT " 96,048 334 36 67 81 *N5SMQ " 1,551 32 11 12 10 WA5LXS " 31,020 158 34 41 57 *KF7GMV " 1,736 54 9 7 12
*WA3ZSC " 81,550 325 32 52 91 *NQ4K " 1,517 29 11 9 17 NN5O " 24,192 184 21 22 65 *WM7X " 910 24 12 11 12
*K3NDM " 45,903 201 28 48 67 *K4YDE " 1,184 27 11 9 17 KN5S " 19,800 169 22 26 40 *K6ST " 841 29 7 6 16
*AI3KS " 26,568 151 24 36 48 *K6BY " 1,032 33 12 12 19 (OP: K5WW) *KR7X " 56 8 2 1 4
*KC3JNW " 26,550 199 32 46 12 *N8AID " 621 17 9 10 8 K5UV " 7,904 56 24 27 25 *AA7UN 14 1,932 28 10 18 0
*N3CHX " 22,646 143 39 42 53 *KA6PNL " 390 22 5 6 2 W2GS " 5,850 50 11 31 3 *K7JSG " 858 31 6 5 11
*NG3Y " 18,810 134 25 30 44 *W4LC 14 90,016 393 17 59 40 N8MTV " 1,739 20 15 17 5 *W7PP " 676 16 9 8 9
*KE3ZT " 18,531 127 17 38 32 *KC4WQ " 12,222 102 14 28 21 AA5AU 14A 188,635 659 24 77 54 *W7JSD " 55 9 4 2 5
*W3BUI " 14,194 101 22 27 45 *K3ZV " 4,200 54 13 17 20 *WA5LFD AA 103,207 331 52 67 102 *WB3JFS 7 10,089 115 14 14 31

*KF7R " 4,606 77 10 10 29 K9NW " 251,930 434 65 125 115 *VE2QV " 21,244 101 19 37 38 AFRICA
K6LL AA 1,147,450 1713 85 158 190 N9OK " 186,760 659 42 64 126 *VE2NCG 21 143 7 4 7 0
KO7SS " 786,044 1144 80 152 187 AC9S " 179,564 504 38 72 102 VE2FK AA 421,971 829 31 86 92 African Italy
W7ZR " 598,965 958 78 136 151 WT9U " 159,216 435 31 65 90 VE2NMB " 220,492 523 32 73 94 *IH9YMC 7 336 16 2 6 0
KF7U " 465,567 1101 57 89 165 N9LQ " 118,085 380 41 59 109 VE2CSM " 125,584 333 33 66 68
N7NM " 282,880 725 55 81 124 AJ9C " 114,410 335 38 76 56 VE2PI " 83,472 299 25 58 58 Canary Islands
NG7M " 210,056 591 52 78 118 K9PY " 86,304 316 38 63 85 VE2RYY 14A 360,930 878 26 90 43 EA8LG A 225,952 444 38 113 33
K7RL " 200,100 597 48 63 119 KC9K " 70,590 218 46 69 66 VE2EBK 7A 101,460 426 17 47 50 *EA8AQV A 259,532 415 47 118 52
W7VXS " 155,230 655 32 47 111 W9YK " 35,306 209 25 30 72 *VA2QR AA 81,087 240 30 70 51 *EA8BQM " 191,544 377 34 97 53
NG7E " 150,912 536 38 44 110 NS9I " 16,692 109 15 31 32 *EA8PT 14 273,180 645 27 80 38
KØIP " 129,626 396 43 68 86 W9RN " 850 17 8 12 5 District 3 *EA8ARI " 95,150 302 17 51 42
N9NA " 125,944 504 35 40 98 W9ILY 14A 208,772 596 26 85 53 VE3TW A 424,380 848 33 80 107 *EA8BGO " 66,198 239 19 53 30
K7VIT " 99,034 377 43 45 81 W9PA 7A 42,660 253 18 43 47 VE3GYL " 337,550 688 37 89 89 *EA8ARG " 9,660 73 9 27 10
W7GES " 93,744 347 38 53 77 *AA9L AA 89,570 343 32 62 75 VA3MW " 70,890 246 19 46 74 EA8ZS AA 170,542 481 24 83 35
K7AR " 59,466 227 39 50 70 *N9UA " 56,160 236 29 45 70 VA3WW " 56,290 205 29 47 54 *EA8CNR AA 288,400 584 38 128 9
W7CXX " 58,384 248 40 43 95 *KB9OWD " 34,596 215 21 29 74 VA3XFC " 51,045 181 21 46 56
KB7AZ " 39,325 157 39 51 53 *N9VPV " 33,660 173 26 38 68 VE3YAA 14 29,592 196 12 28 32 Ceuta & Melilla
K2RD " 32,482 138 42 53 54 *WA9LEY " 33,306 207 23 26 73 (OP: VE3FJ) EA9LZ 14 4,114 47 8 22 4
W7CT " 31,623 222 19 27 37 *KG9X " 26,378 150 25 39 57 *VE3DZ A 1,197,770 1408 57 119 137
W7GYM " 29,590 197 23 24 63 *N9SB " 24,307 155 26 28 55 *VE3BR " 154,544 363 43 73 92 Gabon
KT7G " 26,208 179 23 27 62 *N9AKR " 18,404 88 20 51 15 *VE3FH " 77,964 259 29 39 78 TR8CA AA 102,500 282 35 89 1
W7BP " 24,453 154 29 34 54 *WA9IVH " 17,928 127 23 29 56 *VA3FF " 63,492 214 30 46 72
W7CO " 14,268 134 21 19 47 *NR9K " 17,484 120 21 29 43 *KØMKL/VE3 " 44,010 157 27 39 69 Ghana
WS7L " 9,796 98 20 21 38 *KC9TZO " 8,732 100 14 13 47 (OP: KØMKL) *9G2HO 14 39,096 196 15 42 15
KG7QXE " 7,416 77 19 17 36 *K9GY " 4,745 51 18 20 27 *VE3HG " 42,693 170 17 40 50 (OP: 9G5SA)
W9PL " 4,508 44 17 20 9 *K9PG " 40 3 2 3 0 *VA3IK " 15,808 100 18 24 34
W7SLS " 3,300 54 14 11 30 *AB9YC 7A 23,068 244 12 17 50 *VE3PQ " 14,210 85 12 28 30 Morocco
N6SS 28A 2,604 39 10 12 9 *VE3MCF " 13,068 89 15 26 25 *CN8KD 7A 83,832 340 11 51 22
N7BV 14A 60,907 352 20 45 48 District Ø *VA3FN " 3,969 47 12 9 28
K7WP 7A 74,880 403 25 43 52 WX8C/Ø A 599,625 1044 62 124 139 *VE3RUA " 3,828 43 10 8 26 Tanzania
N7AT " 54,648 382 19 32 48 KØJJR " 251,500 611 44 85 121 VE3UTT AA 784,714 965 58 159 105 5H3MB A 16,740 97 14 45 1
(OP: K8IA) KØAD " 184,179 693 39 54 126 VE3CX " 545,600 912 47 100 128 (OP: IK2GZU)
*AK6A AA 123,948 398 42 51 105 WBØN " 105,468 356 40 63 101 *VA3DF AA 731,688 900 67 156 121
*W7OM " 84,309 357 42 46 91 NØKQ " 86,768 377 41 49 97 *VE3PJ " 315,456 581 47 99 102 Uganda
*N7ZUF " 56,242 301 28 37 57 ABØS " 72,698 343 30 42 91 *VE3CV " 246,016 445 47 93 108 *5X8C A 23,571 109 23 46 12
*K7GS " 49,657 248 28 44 55 KDØZV " 66,993 312 32 44 87 *VE3MGY " 57,960 229 20 40 78 (OP: ON6NL)
*W7WSV " 49,113 212 34 43 76 KØTC " 49,200 259 27 29 94 *VE3XD " 10,498 89 11 15 32
*KD7PCE " 37,672 197 37 38 61 KIØI " 32,125 185 32 36 57 *VE3MZD " 6,649 42 20 32 9 ASIA
*KN7K " 20,758 182 23 21 53 WØVM " 26,355 147 22 35 48 *VA3ROC " 5,432 52 12 12 32 Afghanistan
*K7VAP " 16,684 143 21 24 41 NØBUI " 14,820 141 18 18 59 *VE3WEJ " 1,998 24 13 13 11 T6A AA 562,919 1007 48 155 0
*WAØWWW " 10,868 100 19 18 39 NØLEF " 11,322 125 24 26 52 *VA3JHQ " 238 12 5 3 9 (OP: S53R)
*AC7JM " 9,680 97 20 19 41 KØSRL 7 3,528 66 7 6 29 *VE3TM 14A 40,734 179 16 52 25
*WA7YAZ " 7,504 79 15 16 36 WØPC " 2,304 49 7 7 22 Asiatic Russia
*N1JM " 3,105 45 14 13 18 NØOK 3.5 7,000 121 8 9 33 District 4
*N7CPM " 936 26 13 8 15 *AAØAW A 142,480 436 43 66 99
District 9
*VE4TLA A 8,220 67 14 13 33 RG9A A 1,201,662 1453 66 230 0
*N6MZ 28A 18 6 1 1 1 *KØFX " 121,458 450 40 65 81 VE4VT AA 29,568 148 24 28 44 RK9AX " 1,070,662 1609 59 188 10
*K7XC 14A 17,286 145 17 27 42 *KCØZNI " 86,730 337 35 55 87
RU8W " 206,640 540 34 105 1
*KB7HDX " 1,032 21 10 8 6 *AEØEE " 80,703 327 38 43 108
*WAØLJM " 52,920 259 32 42 73
District 5 RZ9A " 159,900 475 32 98 0
*VE5KS 7 6,670 84 6 5 35 RA9CNC " 32,904 169 19 53 0
District 8 *NRØT " 50,694 277 28 39 75
VE5MX AA 367,521 652 48 94 117 RA9AEA 21 2,275 37 9 16 0
K8RCT A 117,208 393 34 66 96 *NWØM " 42,028 238 25 30 78 RK9AY 7 34,348 208 14 48 0
K8AJS " 92,036 311 35 61 77 *N5TU " 32,896 189 28 30 70 *RZ9AD A 325,832 673 33 133 0
K8BZ " 74,148 318 27 44 96 *WAØLIF " 31,339 195 26 32 63 District 6
VA7ST A 231,052 599 36 53 99 *R9AAL " 80,697 264 24 87 0
K8MM " 44,640 237 17 39 40 *WØDC " 25,289 129 26 38 57
VE6TK " 158,424 472 31 45 92 *RZ9UO " 46,903 211 26 63 0
KB8VAO " 44,064 158 34 60 50 *WØTUP " 24,089 176 16 25 68 *RA9MLR " 2,232 28 11 20 0
WA8Y " 39,767 188 30 55 48 *WAØBSW " 19,635 131 28 34 57 *VA6RCN A 67,056 274 24 24 79
*VE6SPS " 6,390 74 8 7 30 *RL9L 14 59,272 345 14 48 0
KTØG " 8,446 85 20 23 39 *WO7U " 19,436 143 23 23 67
VE6BBP AA 192,969 512 42 45 102 *RA9AFZ " 8,814 80 10 29 0
W8TOM 7 27,927 257 17 23 47 *KI6DY " 15,184 131 17 23 33 *RW9MZ " 6,633 68 7 26 0
KG9Z " 17,040 152 14 27 39 *N6RSH " 12,528 94 23 25 39 VE6UM " 72,956 304 25 31 66
*RA9UEP " 1,606 38 7 15 0
*K3DMG A 143,902 420 38 81 92 *NØGOS " 10,570 130 13 10 47 UC8U AA 433,825 947 53 132 0
*N8CWU " 140,030 455 39 69 101 *KEØKDX " 8,690 127 14 12 53 District 7
VA7MAY A 6,050 58 15 13 22 UA9CTT " 76,540 308 16 71 2
*ND3N " 48,600 296 22 25 88 *KBØHP " 8,239 85 19 22 36 RY9C " 1,421 19 13 16 0
*N8TCP " 40,365 219 21 37 59 *W9LHG " 5,562 89 13 12 29 (OP: @VA7MM)
VA7RN " 252 11 3 1 10 (OP: UA8DX)
*WB8JUI " 37,520 210 29 33 78 *W3ZF " 3,172 62 12 10 30
*VE7BC A 71,375 280 27 28 70 RQ9O 14A 12,864 107 13 35 0
*K8SIA " 33,670 177 27 43 60 *KBØR " 3,024 53 12 10 26 *RT9S AA 643,771 836 65 209 7
*WB8JAY " 26,796 144 26 36 54 *WAØTXJ " 2,000 49 6 6 28 *VA7EU " 15,691 118 16 15 40
*VE7BGP " 391 10 7 7 3 *RO9A " 361,836 632 53 152 2
*AA8EN " 16,781 135 21 24 52 *NYØJ " 1,845 48 9 6 26
VE7SZ AA 367,472 692 52 68 118 *UA9SBQ " 96,525 290 40 94 1
*K3YP " 13,104 96 20 29 35 *KDØWUQ " 1,739 43 10 7 20 *RK9UE " 10,432 74 26 38 0
*W5UHQ " 9,373 96 19 23 49 *NØKK " 1,564 41 6 5 23 VE7IO " 203,975 502 46 49 104
*N8WCP " 7,488 69 16 26 30 *WB9QAF " 57 14 7 5 7 VE7KAJ " 147,906 459 34 47 85
*K8ALM " 750 19 6 7 12 *KØCV " 18 3 2 1 3 VA7KO " 126,558 351 39 55 84 District Ø
VE7CC 3.5A 5,922 71 11 11 25 UAØSR A 181,608 426 49 116 3
*KE8LUE " 312 24 4 3 17 *WØPI 14 9,849 97 14 27 26 RØCAF " 68,068 365 38 47 6
*NF8M 14 644 16 8 8 7 *AEØDM " 4,002 63 10 11 25
RUØLL " 4,325 78 8 9 8
*W8WTS 3.5 360 16 5 3 10 *KEØSTT " 1,025 33 5 5 15 District 8 RDØA 14 207,234 951 20 67 0
N8BJQ AA 609,224 914 62 147 135 NØAT AA 322,056 761 48 96 140 *VY1XY 14 960 30 5 4 11 RYØA " 2,880 50 10 14 0
KA8G " 74,700 242 32 68 66 ACØC " 258,408 634 54 108 134 *RØUT A 67,415 302 37 60 0
K8PK " 18,693 115 28 38 27 WØMB " 250,920 689 49 88 109 Costa Rica *UAØJGI " 34,091 265 30 40 3
K8ESQ " 15,810 101 20 32 33 NXØI " 240,081 822 40 64 133 *TI2OY A 557,568 946 52 100 136 *RØJD " 33,453 278 23 36 0
W8BI " 14,596 138 18 16 55 W7RY " 160,475 450 45 74 126
*RAØWHE " 17,226 122 19 39 0
(OP: KB8UEY) KØYR " 101,462 345 37 66 91 Cuba *UAØSU " 14,484 78 24 44 0
W8JWN 14A 682 17 7 9 6 K2DSW " 92,017 521 24 30 113 *CO3JN A 264,845 482 51 96 98 *RØCM " 13,981 167 17 22 2
*KK8MM AA 48,032 204 34 53 65 NUØW " 66,352 257 38 56 82 *CO3VR " 45,900 179 32 48 55 *UAØJFD " 9,159 120 19 23 1
*AA8SW " 44,998 231 33 41 75 KØPC " 32,896 183 27 38 63 *CO2GL " 14,446 119 12 13 37 *UAØLD " 8,636 135 12 22 0
*KØACP " 34,945 205 29 36 80 WØDET " 31,360 189 29 41 58 *CO8BYT " 5,551 50 15 19 27 *UIØA " 6,594 65 14 28 0
*N4EL " 34,902 204 26 34 66 NØAJN " 23,270 121 35 34 61 *CO2XK " 2,745 34 13 9 23 *RWØAJ 14 28,644 171 16 46 0
*K8GT " 15,246 120 20 29 50 WBØWIV " 17,199 100 20 35 36 *CO2RQ 21 9,996 88 12 15 24 *RWØSR 7 7,266 92 16 26 0
*N8VV " 10,295 66 20 33 18 KØAP " 16,704 100 17 35 20 *CO2AME 14 252,850 933 18 60 52 RKØUT AA 419,895 833 63 152 2
*KD8VMM 14A 364 10 5 8 0 K5ZG " 7,345 73 18 19 28 *CO6OV " 63,552 335 15 38 43 RAØSMS " 1,914 34 12 17 0
*W8EH 7A 221 14 3 3 11 WØCP " 748 21 8 6 20 *CO2YQ " 32,923 214 12 20 41 UCØA 14A 124,254 595 17 61 0
KSØAA 14A 27,468 201 18 35 31 *CO2WL " 5,687 87 7 8 32 RXØAE " 36,355 257 10 45 0
District 9 NOØL " 12,012 114 13 26 27 *CM2EAP 7 19,593 127 14 28 21 RWØA 7A 14,260 118 14 32 0
WI9WI A 394,584 989 42 78 125 KFØIQ " 6,372 70 15 20 19 *CO2JD 3.5 24,948 169 12 26 39 (OP: RZØAI)
KF9US " 102,480 347 36 64 83 KØWPM " 2,691 58 7 6 26 *RØAS AA 67,146 255 35 79 0
AC9KW " 101,579 388 23 47 87 (OP: ACØE) *RMØW " 13,770 107 15 39 0
ND9Z " 70,224 287 29 49 76 WØGJ 7A 112,005 686 23 54 54 Dominican Republic
HI8PJP 14 22,791 166 12 26 33 *RØSBZ 14A 731 17 6 11 0
KZ9DX " 29,532 171 24 41 42 *WØJW AA 239,652 646 50 78 124 *RØCBK " 4 1 1 1 0
K9ZO " 19,100 130 22 26 52 *KØRC " 184,260 467 49 94 106 *HI8DL A 31,297 107 34 48 37
KK9N " 15,580 99 20 32 30 *WXØZ " 120,224 358 37 76 95 Asiatic Turkey
K9GWS " 10,902 101 18 22 39 *KØMPH " 90,710 388 39 44 110 Greenland TA7UZU 14 11,193 98 6 23 10
KG9N " 10,368 113 17 14 50 *WØJM " 38,528 183 33 48 47 *OX3LX AA 69,091 237 22 60 39 TC4A 7 18,492 161 10 32 4
NN9C " 2,478 37 11 12 19 *ACØE " 10,414 108 18 17 47 (OP: TA4CS)
N9LD " 154 7 5 4 5 *K4IU " 10,152 106 18 19 35 Mexico *TA3/
*KD9MS A 248,600 593 53 103 119 *KTØW " 5,915 74 16 15 34 XE2X 3.5 31,692 216 12 23 41 HB9ØFIH A 116,472 337 24 112 2
*K9CW " 135,876 396 36 65 100 *AAØYY " 961 28 10 10 11 *XE2AU A 46,107 210 23 28 58 (OP: HB9FIH)
*WD9CIR " 95,352 391 30 49 95 *WAØMHJ " 868 16 12 13 6 *XE2YWB " 25,758 123 27 26 53 *TA3NEB " 48,125 217 17 58 2
*N9LYE " 77,328 324 37 47 95 *NØMK " 378 19 6 3 12 *XE1VY " 23,920 137 27 35 42 *TA7OYG " 41,877 198 17 64 0
*KOØZ " 76,557 324 31 51 87 *KEØOR " 200 12 7 5 8 *XE2NK " 21,497 129 20 20 43 *TA2JU " 31,900 179 24 76 0
*KW9U " 75,516 319 34 50 90 *XE2KJ " 3,696 61 11 8 25 *TA7UHS 14 55,080 336 10 49 1
*AIØY/9 " 70,493 366 26 28 103 Alaska *XE1CT 14 80,352 409 17 30 49 *TA7MRL " 9,800 100 6 25 4
*WB9HFK " 45,360 257 26 35 74 KL7SB AA 374,680 858 45 70 75 *XE1CQ " 20,336 195 10 13 39 *TA7AO " 6,755 79 10 25 0
*N9LF " 41,538 245 26 27 85 KL7JVD " 5,676 63 11 11 22 *XE2YWH " 11,590 93 15 16 30 *TA7OTT " 2,340 43 4 13 3
*WB9DAR " 35,723 257 24 34 81 *XE1SPM " 9,943 103 11 16 34 *TA4PR " 810 25 5 10 3
*N9WG " 34,425 190 28 37 70 Barbados *XE2OK 7 12,040 101 13 13 30 *TA3AER " 30 2 2 2 1
*KB9DVC " 31,980 192 28 35 67 *8P2K 7 58,656 263 13 44 39 *XE1H 3.5 10,304 99 11 12 33 *TA7LZB 7 1,575 23 5 15 1
*WB8BZK " 30,607 196 25 28 74 XE2B AA 272,220 637 44 71 80 *TA4RC AA 41,640 155 31 80 9
*W9OA " 18,326 152 18 20 60 Belize *XE2AD AA 193,347 484 43 73 73 *TA3/
*KB9S " 7,560 104 10 11 39 *V31MA 3.5 34,279 192 13 34 36 *XE2FGC " 114,666 307 39 45 90 UA9CDC 14A 11,792 100 10 31 3
*K9QJ " 5,538 61 22 17 39 *XE1EE 14A 18,054 178 6 7 38 (OP: UA9CDC)
*KC9YL " 4,346 65 13 11 29 Canada
*KE9UA " 2,793 57 11 9 29 District 1 Azerbaijan
*N9TR " 2,548 46 11 8 30 *VA1XH A 189,222 426 30 84 69 Panama
*HP3SS A 358,743 722 38 83 110 *4J3DJ A 12,596 94 10 37 0
*KE9V " 192 10 6 3 7 *VE1RSM " 76,050 228 29 65 56
*W9BGX 14 5,555 74 11 14 30 VY1AAA 14A 1,568 52 2 2 12
(OP: WA9LKZ) VY2/W5AJ 3.5A 117,974 419 18 60 44 Puerto Rico Bahrain
*KC9EOQ " 2,415 40 10 13 12 (OP: W5AJ) *KP4JFR A 123,120 369 31 70 51 A92AA 14A 36,480 232 11 45 1
*WQ9T " 1,104 28 7 6 10 *VO1CH AA 56,950 180 29 74 31 *KP4JRS " 106,358 344 22 48 72
*N9YLZ " 1,014 23 9 11 6 *VO2AC " 43,335 183 22 42 43 *NP3F " 84,075 243 39 70 68 China
*W9LU 7 14,616 150 13 18 41 *VE1OP " 3,619 35 16 17 14 BH4EUJ A 170,528 502 48 82 16
*W9AKS " 9,462 152 8 7 42 St. Lucia (OP: BA4DL)
ND9G AA 644,988 1056 67 130 157 District 2 *J69DS A 21,760 110 16 32 37 BD5BPA 14 11,200 176 14 18 0
K9OM " 509,406 871 62 133 159 VE2GSO A 478,077 930 36 83 100 *BG8NG A 30,783 151 37 56 0
KT9L " 379,472 754 58 116 122 VA2FO " 75,190 266 27 60 59 St. Pierre & Miquelon *BA5AB " 5,280 38 14 29 5
N2BJ " 270,710 733 44 77 132 *VE2BVV A 246,962 545 29 77 88 FP/KV1J AA 348,178 653 39 105 70 *BG3IAY " 2,378 39 12 17 0

*BG5BRT " 663 21 8 9 0 *JH2JNU 21 2,200 32 9 16 0 Kazakhstan Bosnia-Herzegovina
(OP: BG5BRG) *JA2JNC 14 11,550 100 19 27 4 UN7JX A 111,540 344 35 95 0 *E72U A 83,190 259 28 87 26
*BA3MM 14 51,724 333 17 45 5 *JR2MIN " 1,272 24 11 12 1 *UN7PGA A 150,500 491 33 92 0 *E74O " 20,210 111 18 61 7
*BD7OXR " 12,948 153 14 21 4 *JK2AQT " 954 21 7 11 0 *UN7ZAF " 138,450 383 29 101 0 *E75MHM 28 2 1 1 1 0
*BG8PM 7 216 7 6 6 0 *JH2MYN 7 12,586 101 20 33 5 *UN7ID " 66,054 235 29 80 0 *E79Q 7 29,799 249 10 43 10
BG5BAA AA 4,200 88 20 21 1 JA2HYD AA 178,983 355 58 111 20 *UN8PT 21 4,046 53 13 21 0 E78T AA 91,845 409 18 88 11
*BH4OUF 14A 2,987 52 11 18 0 JH2FXK 14A 21,630 112 20 30 20 *UN6LN 14 226,722 949 19 67 1 *E77EA 7A 18,408 173 12 39 1
JF2XGF 3.5A 4,464 74 13 15 8 *UN7CN " 41,785 250 14 47 0
Cyprus *JE2CPI 28A 75 5 2 3 0 UN4PG 3.5A 23,616 181 9 39 0 Bulgaria
*5B4WN A 15,963 113 10 41 0 *JM2LHB " 6 1 1 1 0 LZ9R A 1,580,140 1802 88 271 51
P33W AA 4,510,000 3196 100 319 81 *JF2AIJ 21A 833 17 6 11 0 Kuwait LZ1ND 21 83,076 438 23 62 1
(OP: LZ2HM) *JR2MIO 14A 5,040 50 15 21 6 *9K2GS A 53,124 243 13 56 7 LZ5QZ " 16,074 168 11 36 0
*5B4AIF AA 59,897 247 21 68 0 *JA2KCY " 1,711 29 11 14 4 LZ1MC 7 19,100 188 11 39 0
(OP: 5B4AIE) *JF2IWL 3.5A 2 1 1 1 0 Lebanon *LZ2HT A 8,967 70 17 42 2
*OD5YA A 18,600 110 12 46 2 *LZ2JA 14 74,060 357 19 51 22
Hong Kong District 3 *OD5ZF 14 146,200 614 18 58 9 LZ6K AA 649,612 991 60 212 35
*VR2VIY A 30,429 218 24 38 1 JA3HBF A 141,600 374 53 92 15 (OP: LZ2PL)
JA3QOS " 35,908 169 37 53 4 Mongolia LZ6ØKAA " 245,905 635 42 127 18
India JR3RIY 21 12,300 97 19 31 0 *JT1PB A 180 11 5 5 0 LZ4A " 160,825 447 39 120 16
VU2ZMK A 245,280 567 36 124 0 JH3QFY 14 17,952 103 23 35 10 (OP: LZ1YQ)
VU2YQ 14 16,350 126 12 38 0 JH3FUK 7 57,680 217 28 60 15 Qatar LZ6Y 14A 192,786 637 29 80 29
*VU2EOJ A 2,415 32 11 24 0 *JA3LEB A 34,592 173 38 48 8 A71AE 21A 20,286 147 14 35 0 (OP: LZ1KU)
*VU2KWJ 14 748 21 7 10 0 *JH3GMI " 5,635 58 20 25 4 *A71EM 14A 12,802 127 8 29 0 LZ5K 7A 117,807 562 20 63 24
VU2DED AA 129,150 324 46 104 0 *JO3JYE " 4,512 57 13 19 0 LZ2ZG 3.5A 27,500 269 8 47 0
VU2IBI " 74,088 232 36 89 1 *JE3CDW " 3,783 41 17 19 3 Republic of Korea *LZ5RG AA 89,375 323 32 107 4
*VU3ESV AA 13,300 75 26 44 0 *JH3BYX " 1,650 64 11 14 0 *DS5DNO A 11,032 87 24 25 7 *LZ1ZM 14A 225,225 732 30 87 26
*JO3EVM " 667 16 11 11 1 *HL2CFY " 8,058 64 21 25 5 *LZ1QV 7A 90,720 401 24 74 10
Israel *JH3SIF 21 13,034 111 18 31 0 *HL5JCB 14 2,550 37 11 16 3 *LZ5XQ 3.5A 74,880 493 13 58 7
*4Z5MY 14 3,672 47 5 22 0 *JA3RAZ " 3,762 49 17 21 0 *HL2ASZ 7 160 9 4 4 0 *LZ1QZ " 15,300 170 6 39 0
*4Z5UN 3.5 83,214 445 12 51 6 *JA3HKR 14 612 15 8 9 0 DS5USH AA 39,673 171 39 55 3
*4Z5FI " 9,396 100 7 29 0 *JI2UPG/3 " 480 13 7 8 0 HL5YI 7A 7,968 65 16 30 2 Corsica
*JR3GPP 3.5 9 1 1 1 1 *HL1VAU AA 53,705 199 43 65 7 TK5MH 14A 273,780 695 27 79 50
Japan JN3SAC AA 76,310 215 45 72 13 *DS4GQR " 7,844 61 22 29 2
District 1 JN3TMW " 72,576 205 54 78 12 *HL3AMO 14A 29,055 184 20 40 5 Crete
JA1AYO A 207,756 442 69 107 23 *JH3WKE AA 47,916 172 46 60 15 *SV9FBK 7 10,164 120 8 34 2
7K3BKZ " 70,751 212 52 71 16 *JA4XHF/3 " 35,970 118 39 59 12 Saudi Arabia SV9DJO AA 188,336 599 32 115 11
JR1EMO " 55,176 190 41 68 12 *JF3GFH " 3,040 34 17 19 4 *7Z1SJ 14 318,351 925 24 76 21 SV9COL 14A 32,504 240 16 44 8
JH1CTV " 46,098 182 44 62 11
JA1QOW " 36,480 139 33 50 12 District 4 Singapore Croatia
JA1EPJ " 34,594 135 36 53 9 JR4CTF A 18,525 128 29 41 5 9V1YC A 8,640 120 13 19 0 9A1CBM 14 32,417 185 15 42 20
JG1LHB " 29,580 143 29 42 16 *JH4FUF A 11,026 68 31 38 5 (OP: 9A5ST)
JQ1CIV " 16,830 75 32 47 6 *JE4IVN " 792 14 10 12 0 Taiwan 9A2NO 7 24,635 179 13 52 0
JA1GHR " 9,730 50 24 32 14 *JA4RWN " 464 12 7 6 3 BV2LA A 84,132 310 38 60 16 *9A6KZH 14 16,701 129 12 37 8
JA1WWO " 6,750 49 19 18 13 *JN4JGK 14 2,088 32 12 13 4 BV1EK " 23,821 107 29 52 2 *9A4W " 2,146 39 7 18 4
JH1BIU " 2,940 36 12 19 4 *JA4RMX " 1,562 29 8 14 0 BX4AG 14 6,364 67 14 29 0 *9A4R 7 54,418 286 21 63 7
JG1TGQ " 1,534 32 12 10 4 *BU2BO A 10,791 152 14 19 0 *9A5HZ " 4,773 65 6 31 0
JH4UYB AA 1,425,382 1522 93 222 56 9A7DX AA 495,360 553 78 257 49
JI1CIN " 35 3 3 2 0 JR4OZR " 1,060,409 1282 84 193 46 *BU2BE 14 17,394 206 16 21 2
JK1HIY 14 9,690 63 19 26 12 *BX2AGV " 144 11 4 5 0 9A6OY " 53,000 261 23 76 7
JN4MMO " 977,974 1122 90 194 53 9AØBB " 10,835 91 14 38 3
JR1NHD " 7,203 56 15 29 5 JI4WAO " 5,406 54 19 27 5
JI1LNR " 5,888 49 13 24 9 (OP: 9A3XV)
JO4CFV " 3,960 43 21 21 3 Thailand 9A5D 21A 129,504 625 21 64 11
JK1LUY " 465 13 6 9 0 JH4UTP 14A 264,045 737 31 81 33 *HS5ZLD A 23,765 109 33 64 0
JI1JPJ 7 2,277 25 13 16 4 (OP: 9A3VM)
JR4VEV 7A 12,586 104 18 33 7 *E2ØZFD " 13,392 88 25 37 0 9A6NA 3.5A 61,472 462 10 56 2
JS1NDM " 24 2 1 1 2 *JM4WUZ 3.5A 185 35 2 3 0 *E2ØWXA 21 5,056 62 11 21 0 *9A9TT 7A 16,632 198 7 37 0
*7N2UQC A 181,300 432 64 98 23 *HSØACS 7 1,650 32 10 14 1 *9A3LYL 3.5A 5,600 72 5 35 0
*JM1MTE " 136,116 344 60 95 16 District 5 HS5NMF AA 77,361 336 38 67 2
*JA1IAZ " 57,456 177 47 73 13 JE5JHZ A 13,041 80 22 35 6 E2ØWUE " 75,264 292 39 71 2 Czech Republic
*JA1SCE " 56,608 205 45 65 12 JA5NSR 3.5 507 31 5 7 1 HS5XWY " 23,985 179 25 40 0 OK1PI A 12,212 76 23 41 7
*JQ1COB " 50,996 165 45 58 19 *JG5DHX A 252 8 7 7 0 E21YDP 7A 36,478 248 17 38 6 OL9A 14 586,401 1355 34 95 48
*JA1IZ " 39,905 143 42 60 13 *JA5OXV 14 779 17 9 10 0 *HS8HEX AA 15,028 89 24 41 3 (OP: OK2ZAW)
*JE1RRK " 37,908 149 38 54 16 *JA5CBU 7 390 12 4 5 4 *HS8JWH " 9,960 79 26 34 0 OK1XC " 35,175 199 21 53 1
*JS1KKY " 26,600 115 35 50 10 JA5FNX AA 37,430 215 39 47 9 OK6CX " 9,800 89 13 32 4
*JF1WNT " 26,214 117 41 47 14 JH5MXB 14A 40,257 222 20 48 3 United Arab Emirates OK1FIM 7 22,703 155 15 54 4
*JA1OVD " 22,601 89 36 47 14 *JH5HDA AA 36,750 192 36 49 13 A65DR 14 195,408 757 20 65 4 OK2SFP 3.5 20,580 301 4 31 0
*JA1PCM " 20,928 92 37 51 8 (OP: G7SLP) *OK2HFC A 150,300 445 32 129 6
*JA1UII " 18,792 93 29 42 10 District 6 *OK4RQ " 149,226 398 36 140 11
*JA1IE " 13,124 110 28 30 10 JA6BZI 14 53,382 212 25 53 15 West Malaysia *OK1PX " 27,968 152 23 66 3
*7N4JXR " 9,261 72 26 35 2 JA6LCJ " 5,106 41 16 23 7 9M2TDX 14 6,929 69 12 29 0 *OK2VIR " 25,312 117 22 89 1
*JA1DDZ " 8,792 67 22 30 4 *JE6JNC A 25,668 106 35 49 9 9M2CDX 7 1,853 42 6 11 0 *OK1BJ " 9,815 85 15 50 0
*JA3GZE/1 " 6,912 73 18 24 6 *JA6BCV " 25,434 113 26 42 13 *9W2VGR 7 12,789 96 14 30 5 *OK7N " 9,100 70 19 40 6
*JF1WCK " 5,712 66 21 26 1 *JG6QHE " 7,526 64 23 28 2 9M2SAF AA 56,430 266 25 59 6 *OK1LO 14 6,250 71 12 31 7
*JH1IHG " 5,152 46 20 23 3 *JE6PJP " 608 23 8 8 0 *9M4DXX 7A 20,496 135 15 38 3 *OK6T 7 251,518 860 25 80 29
*JA1HFY " 4,747 63 20 22 5 *JA6WFM 14 27,877 220 17 34 10 (OP: JE1SCJ) (OP: OK1WCF)
*JA1OHP " 4,224 41 20 24 0 *JR6AG " 660 27 7 8 0 *OK1DAR " 4,794 72 6 28 0
*JN1BBO " 3,960 49 19 22 4 JA6ZPR 14A 298,319 874 30 70 33 *OK2SWD " 2,044 45 4 24 0
*JP1BVR " 2,376 45 15 16 2
*JH1WOY " 432 11 7 9 2
(OP: JH6JSR) EUROPE *OK2HBR 3.5 56,320 469 8 54 2
*JA6GCE AA 487,890 842 75 164 31 Andorra OK2PYA AA 166,320 399 40 127 22
*JF1OVA 28 231 10 5 6 0 *JG6JAV " 111,159 296 58 96 25 OK1VK " 155,142 329 46 161 14
*JG1UKW 21 5,032 56 12 22 0 *C31MF 7 24,528 225 6 47 3
*JH6QIL 14A 13,122 124 19 32 3 OK1DOY " 96,901 322 32 70 25
*JA1DBG " 1,848 31 11 13 0 *JE6TUP 7A 120 7 4 4 0 OK6DJ " 96,624 435 22 95 5
*JF1TEU 14 20,605 139 20 32 13 Austria
OE5BGN A 322,876 734 38 139 35 OK2SG " 51,800 189 34 105 9
*JA1QIF " 16,260 100 18 33 9 District 7 OK1DBE " 28,776 169 21 65 2
*JJ1ENZ " 14,193 103 19 34 4 JA7ACM A 230,514 462 65 106 35 OE1TKW " 33,578 165 23 73 7
*OE2E A 128,232 393 26 105 25 OK3C 3.5A 181,230 873 18 71 16
*JH1KYA " 10,143 81 19 29 1 JR7IWL " 77,040 237 51 76 17 (OP: OK2ZC)
*JR1AQI " 7,020 60 18 26 8 JG7AMD " 50,752 163 39 58 25 (OP: OE2GEN)
*OE1CIW " 43,616 183 29 78 9 *OK1PMA AA 131,718 372 32 130 12
*JH1BHW " 3,927 52 13 16 4 JN7TAN " 1,230 19 13 17 0 *OK2UHP " 117,453 385 27 100 20
*JK1NSR " 3,745 41 11 18 6 JA7LLL 14 43,860 202 25 43 18 OE2LCM AA 196,854 418 46 139 33
OE3DXA " 107,000 237 44 134 22 *OK2RN " 20,930 105 24 58 9
*JI1FLB " 1,210 26 8 9 5 JA7CVL " 34,672 205 24 48 16 *OK6AB " 16,728 98 21 51 10
*JE1GZB " 455 21 5 8 0 JK7CJM 7 2,304 61 9 10 5 *OK4GP " 1,736 22 12 14 5
*JQ1PCT " 70 4 3 4 0 *JH7BMF A 17,316 99 30 40 8 Azores *OL6D 7A 19,080 142 15 47 10
*JH1EYM " 20 2 2 2 0 *JK7BEJ " 2,590 38 15 16 4 *CT8/DJ5MW A 23,408 134 16 36 25 (OP: OK1DWQ)
*JF1CKO 7 1,700 40 11 9 5 *JA7HMZ 21 120 7 4 6 0 *OK4K 3.5A 24,486 235 9 42 2
*JR7KVA/1 " 84 10 3 3 0 *JE7HYK 14 18,476 123 18 33 11 Balearic Islands (OP: OK1BOA)
JM1XCW AA 516,964 785 70 136 53 *JA7KQC " 88 5 5 5 1 *EA6ZS A 3,198 48 10 29 0
JH1RFM " 177,439 341 61 108 22 *JI7VNJ 7 11,660 90 20 26 7 *EC6DX AA 49,858 274 18 68 11 Denmark
JF1LMB " 156,275 358 56 101 18 *JH8CLC/7 " 4 1 1 1 0 OU1E A 63,560 216 32 98 10
JA1WSK " 153,822 310 57 104 25 JO7KMB AA 37,177 132 41 53 19 Belarus 5P9X 14 66,400 307 21 60 19
JE1LFX " 45,375 166 43 61 17 JA7GYP " 22,192 116 24 44 5 EW8DX A 457,470 974 45 170 15 (OP: OZ9GA)
JR1BAS " 14,861 69 28 35 14 JR7IWC " 14,578 75 30 39 5 EW8OM " 226,504 612 37 142 1 OV2T 7 33,972 297 8 46 3
JH1APK " 1,680 22 11 13 4 JH7RTQ 14A 47,704 214 23 49 17 *EW1P A 153,120 412 40 127 9 *OZ/DF4ZL A 139,365 433 29 123 11
JN1BMX 14A 21,080 119 23 40 5 *JA7ZP AA 40,656 155 42 59 11 *EW6DM " 142,600 537 34 118 3 (OP: DF4ZL)
JH1OAI " 15,642 84 19 36 11 *EW1NM " 92,300 355 28 99 3 *OZ1DAE " 94,724 417 23 96 0
7K4VPV " 15,480 112 20 35 5 District 8 *EU1FQ " 49,374 180 29 81 7 *OZ4FF " 70,928 278 27 109 7
JA1SJV 7A 8,428 66 18 27 4 JA8TR A 152,210 437 48 84 23 *EU6A " 44,733 200 24 84 3 *OZ1AOO " 52,241 222 23 94 2
JM1NKT 3.5A 3,250 92 9 10 6 JA8DNV " 9,288 54 27 34 11 *EW8AP " 22,365 166 18 53 0 *OZ1QX " 38,095 206 18 76 1
*JH8KYU/1 AA 404,175 622 73 148 34 JA8TGD " 228 7 6 6 0 *EU1ST 7 5,544 87 5 28 0 *5Q5R " 13,398 113 12 43 3
*JA1BWA " 59,211 202 48 66 15 JA8IDS 21 6,766 95 15 19 0 EV1R 7A 250,971 923 27 90 16 *OZ1LFI " 6,300 65 15 34 1
*JA1MZM " 18,160 102 31 42 7 *JM8FEI A 11,918 113 25 27 7 *EW7BA AA 571,604 1183 45 185 12 *OZ7DK 7 3,696 59 5 28 0
*7L4IOU " 17,548 105 31 36 15 *JE8KKX " 160 6 3 4 3 *EW4R " 155,040 391 42 137 11 OZ3ØEU AA 266,112 613 44 155 17
*JL1CNY " 12,972 91 30 34 5 *JA8KGG 21 120 5 4 4 0 *EU8F 7A 39,159 347 10 47 0 5Q7DX " 35,325 242 16 56 3
*JM1CMA 14A 540 19 6 7 2 *JE8KGH 14A 27,342 205 18 39 5 *EU8A 3.5A 42,578 375 9 51 1 (OP: PA7JWC)
*JA1BPA " 165 7 3 3 5 *JA8UON 7A 576 22 7 9 0 OU2X 7A 5,698 76 6 31 0
Belgium *OZ4VW AA 60,691 199 29 86 22
District 2 District 9 ON8AJ A 188,955 534 33 107 31 *OZ7HB " 51,064 243 16 83 5
JR2PMT A 110,346 280 50 89 20 JH9CEN A 87,138 234 47 82 12 OT2X " 89,024 439 20 84 3
JG2REJ " 106,134 290 47 81 19 JA9CWJ 14 29,181 149 20 37 14 ON5AM " 43,173 174 24 67 26 Dodecanese
JA2XYO " 82,368 223 47 76 20 JA9CCG " 16,317 109 19 37 7 *ON4CT A 588,848 925 62 201 41 *SV5/
JF2FIU " 63,612 232 47 66 11 JH9FCP " 14,098 110 17 34 2 *ON5GQ " 416,322 869 36 154 39 DL3DRN A 127,248 514 24 108 0
JH2BTM " 28,616 116 35 52 11 *JA9LX A 77,004 213 51 75 12 *ON2CQ " 152,805 481 28 109 16 (OP: DL3DRN)
JA2VHO " 17,974 86 33 42 11 *JA9EJG " 5,616 56 22 22 4 *ON6AT " 147,420 392 33 116 33 *SV5DKL 7A 56,544 296 20 67 6
JR2NMJ " 1,674 20 12 17 2 *ON2AD " 18,640 113 21 57 2
JJ2VLY 14 17,821 98 26 41 4 District Ø *ON4LY " 14,628 106 13 53 3 England
JR2BCF " 8,556 70 14 24 8 JHØILL A 20,655 90 25 51 9 *ON4AXU " 2,883 46 7 23 1 G4RS A 425,019 917 47 154 58
JR2ALA 7 1,403 23 9 12 2 *JJØPJD A 81,855 198 52 83 18 *OT5Q 14 25,216 196 13 40 11 (OP: GØURR)
JH2LMH " 190 7 4 4 2 *JRØDZH " 12,127 76 28 28 11 *ON4APU 7 36,642 297 9 52 1 G1SCT " 136,045 394 33 119 17
JE2OTM 3.5 351 27 4 6 3 *JAØNFP " 5,280 51 17 24 7 *ON4CBA " 29,110 198 10 46 15 G3T " 133,110 380 33 118 23
*JE2DLR A 35,048 144 38 54 12 *JRØBNF " 4,371 39 22 21 4 *OPØJ " 13,948 174 5 39 0 (OP: G3VGZ)
*JE2BOM " 33,708 129 43 59 4 *JAØAVS " 1,856 27 11 12 6 (OP: ON5GF) G4HBI " 73,656 287 23 84 17
*JA2FXV " 25,482 110 36 48 9 *JHØEPI 14 35,440 180 25 47 8 *ON5IA " 10,449 138 6 36 1 GØMGM " 22,357 127 16 44 19
*JA2GHP " 24,960 128 27 46 5 *JJØNSL " 16,821 101 18 36 9 OR3A AA 885,720 1118 66 237 60 M2G 14 135,720 490 21 55 41
*JA2AXB " 12,012 77 23 35 8 *JAØGCI " 3,145 43 11 21 5 (OP: ON6CC) (OP: G4RCG)
*JM2LEI " 9,577 67 24 33 4 *JAØBJY " 2,952 30 13 18 5 OQ5M " 15,611 116 16 47 4 G4LPD " 27,388 165 14 45 23
*JA2QVP " 5,777 50 24 24 5 JAØGCY AA 68,783 199 46 82 15 (OP: ON5ZO) M5A " 15,486 116 11 25 22
*JF2KWM 28 18 2 1 2 0 *JAØBZY AA 1,242 19 11 14 2 ON9CC 3.5A 1,848 44 4 18 0 (OP: G3WVG)

M2E 3.5 38,454 365 7 49 2 *RW3DY " 10,295 90 22 49 0 F6BIP " 10,956 82 15 49 2 *DK7GH " 1,665 24 12 22 3
(OP: GØRPM) *R3WA " 9,250 108 12 38 0 F5GFA " 8,160 105 11 34 3 *DL1AOB " 1,664 27 11 21 0
*GØHDV A 213,860 663 29 126 15 *RA3UAG " 7,248 83 11 37 0 F4ERS " 6,095 49 13 26 14 *DF9GH " 1,600 22 13 15 4
*G4OZG " 127,484 402 29 118 10 *R3NAM " 780 24 5 15 0 *F6BQG A 170,774 390 37 130 39 *DL9FB " 1,161 24 12 15 0
*GØFGI " 116,808 357 26 112 19 *RV3YR 14 36,000 222 15 54 11 *F6GCI " 162,350 388 39 127 25 *DL6GCE " 946 21 8 14 0
*G3RLE " 94,080 331 26 102 12 *UA3DPM " 10,416 111 10 38 0 *F5OYC " 142,100 384 29 126 20 *DC6MT " 667 25 7 16 0
*G4DDL " 86,256 293 27 102 15 *R3PV " 2,077 40 8 23 0 *TM5CQ " 135,759 385 37 122 18 *DLØTDS " 552 18 6 17 0
*G3SNU " 63,041 295 22 98 1 RM3DA AA 989,115 1553 63 220 22 (OP: F4FRG) (OP: DJ5NN)
*MØTQR " 50,064 227 23 80 9 R3KF " 269,212 619 44 165 5 *F6FTB " 131,064 385 32 123 17 *DL1DXF " 496 17 5 10 1
*G4AFJ " 38,985 175 23 83 9 R2CA 21A 882 18 10 11 0 *F1IWH " 93,010 300 26 95 21 *DHØJAE " 460 11 8 11 1
*2EØFNU " 38,896 193 19 79 6 *UA3PI AA 85,204 390 27 91 1 *F6EQZ " 81,466 255 34 99 21 *DG9AK " 336 14 5 11 0
*MØDHP " 36,946 198 16 69 6 *UC5D " 57,225 287 26 83 0 *F5TLZ " 79,365 286 27 103 13 *DH1MJ " 64 5 3 4 1
*GØMTN " 33,252 162 20 74 8 *RK2M " 37,800 196 21 78 1 *F4FRC " 52,416 251 22 90 5 *DL5PW 21 5,616 67 11 26 2
*M3ECT " 29,993 172 17 63 9 *R5FN " 16,422 121 15 54 0 *F5PVJ " 46,973 221 20 84 3 *DO1BEN " 264 12 3 8 0
*G8GHD " 29,232 150 18 49 17 *RX3AFE " 16,226 130 14 45 2 *F5TRB " 42,768 200 22 82 4 *DR6K 14 72,774 285 25 67 25
*G4SJX " 22,200 166 14 57 3 *UA5F 3.5A 30,153 299 8 48 1 *F5ITN " 21,780 116 21 59 10 (OP: DF6RK)
*G1M " 19,788 150 14 51 3 *R2AT " 325 15 4 9 0 *F4FHV " 20,825 104 21 51 13 *DJ9KH " 11,890 94 14 30 14
(OP: MØITR) *F8ATS " 13,632 102 17 51 3 *DL2LDE " 10,010 65 16 33 16
*MØNPT " 13,260 123 11 48 1 District 4 *F5MA " 9,486 71 14 41 7 *DL1AKL " 8,960 107 9 31 0
*M5M " 10,148 96 13 44 2 R4OF A 143,370 456 39 123 0 *F4FSB " 7,524 72 13 41 3 *DLØGEO " 4,655 64 7 20 8
(OP: G4OGB) R4CI " 55,104 244 30 92 1 *F1VEV " 3,266 32 14 28 4 (OP: DL2YAK)
*G7RTI " 9,860 86 13 41 4 RA4HL " 1,736 34 9 22 0 *F4BKT " 693 14 5 13 3 *DL9GWA " 3,010 43 9 23 3
*G4WGE " 8,642 75 16 40 2 UA4NC " 273 12 9 12 0 *F5BEG 3.5 91,014 597 12 58 7 *DF6JF " 936 25 6 11 1
*GØSNG " 6,063 67 9 30 4 UA4CC 3.5 2,236 46 6 20 0 *F1AKK " 81,244 541 12 56 8 *DL1AIW 7 38,115 281 15 56 6
*G6GLP " 3,800 44 12 23 5 *RW4YD A 204,241 580 37 123 7 F8CRS AA 282,642 426 62 190 37 *DL1THB " 15,080 162 9 43 0
*G3L " 1,386 27 11 15 7 *RA4CON " 128,772 490 28 118 0 F4GWY " 84,688 323 26 84 24 *DK1AUP " 11,236 118 8 41 4
(OP: HJ) *RA4UDC " 116,784 428 31 113 0 F4GGQ 14A 298,200 780 30 89 49 *DM7CW " 6,825 89 6 33 0
*G3XYF " 380 14 7 12 0 *RZ4AZ " 47,100 251 18 82 0 F5BSB " 57,420 297 17 49 24 *DJ5BK " 3,762 50 8 28 2
*MØYTT 14 70,596 275 20 62 29 *R4RB " 30,883 194 19 69 1 F5NBX " 1,320 22 8 13 3 *DAØKOL " 2,910 53 6 24 0
*GØCXW " 21,615 191 9 38 8 *R4WT " 20,900 164 18 57 1 F4DVX 7A 460,795 1382 29 91 37 (OP: DL5HN)
*MØVQP " 9,450 95 9 34 7 *RK4NB " 8,533 77 13 40 0 F4HJO " 59,150 431 12 56 2 *DL1XAS " 2,156 48 5 23 0
*G4NXG/M " 4,264 49 9 22 10 *RW4LMR " 5,452 57 15 32 0 *TM3Z AA 1,969,506 2058 81 275 85 *DF1MM 3.5 54,976 484 8 54 2
*2EØXRD " 2,535 76 9 24 6 *RW4M " 4,814 38 21 35 2 (OP: F4DSK) *DO1TOM " 2,187 50 5 22 0
*MØDVV " 1,274 23 7 15 4 *R4FCJ " 3,360 60 8 34 0 *TM7Y " 682,660 1153 53 195 42 *DO1EMC " 1,750 34 5 20 0
*M1G " 874 30 6 13 0 *UA4SJO 14 25,088 201 14 50 0 (OP: F8BDQ) *DF9YC " 20 7 2 3 0
*G6N 3.5 29,348 267 7 49 2 *RA4L " 6,981 100 7 32 0 *F4EFI " 201,348 383 45 156 37 DK9IP AA 1,059,300 1031 86 278 86
(OP: GØGDU) *R4LZ " 1,140 25 7 13 0 *F4HUA 14A 7,605 83 11 34 0 DQ9Y " 922,869 1189 70 238 61
M7T AA 1,036,068 1472 60 216 58 *RA4FUN 7 91,608 511 21 67 0 (OP: DF2SD)
(OP: G3YYD) UA4HBM AA 79,925 292 27 112 0 Germany DP8M " 738,833 1009 67 229 53
G4S " 493,468 739 55 202 45 RW4WZ " 49,159 224 24 85 0 DLØWW A 486,180 736 58 177 57 (OP: DL6NDW)
(OP: G3TXF) UD4F 3.5A 78,776 481 15 68 3 (OP: DK3GI) DK2OY " 726,138 1169 58 212 36
GØBNR " 276,018 487 52 167 38 *RG4A AA 433,846 797 62 192 12 DJ3NG " 410,592 904 33 127 48 DL5JS " 693,861 962 61 204 64
G2U " 252,255 625 34 145 22 *UC4I " 121,625 351 40 134 1 DL1DTL " 319,152 652 48 167 29 DL2RMC " 681,162 1027 63 215 43
(OP: GØUGO) *RU4LM " 110,940 320 37 135 0 DJ2IA " 190,728 437 43 151 22 DJ8VH " 666,135 712 72 245 76
G7T " 105,600 268 34 139 19 *R4IQ " 9,440 86 17 42 0 DK1LRS " 158,880 519 28 123 9 DL7URH " 602,536 836 72 216 46
(OP: MØVSE) *R4FD " 4,730 58 12 31 0 DL6ON " 134,676 382 30 133 11 DQ1P " 553,580 822 61 192 58
GØJSP " 76,928 257 27 75 26 *R4IM 14A 168,399 810 22 70 7 DF5BX " 111,154 380 28 115 6 (OP: DK1IP)
M5SB " 43,798 193 28 86 8 *RU4SS " 132,396 612 20 78 4 DK6CQ " 108,054 328 32 113 17 DD1JN " 545,300 954 55 202 30
(OP: G3YSX) *RU4PH " 31,740 214 15 54 0 DL5LED " 107,682 440 25 98 8 DL9GTB " 526,761 792 62 224 35
G4MKP " 19,328 156 16 48 0 DM5RC " 102,884 269 42 118 18 DL1QW " 382,658 617 62 200 31
G3PXT " 15,036 99 19 57 8 District 6 DL7ØAFUG " 98,940 279 36 111 23 DF6QV " 351,536 646 48 176 30
G8UBJ " 8,772 61 20 43 5 R7RIB A 78,076 332 22 109 0 (OP: DF8QB) DM5TI " 350,500 724 52 168 30
G4UJS 14A 171,872 576 23 73 35 RA6GW " 19,656 124 23 61 0 DJ1YF " 89,089 296 27 102 14 DL6KVA " 328,304 578 59 180 33
MØBJL " 920 21 5 11 7 RK7X " 17,792 151 18 45 1 DQ12ØØASP " 85,146 321 28 108 2 DH8BQA " 321,024 592 56 169 31
G4DBW 7A 54,780 320 14 58 11 RA6AAW " 4,230 44 12 35 0 (OP: DK1AX) DK2LO " 291,893 514 46 179 34
MØUNI " 31,453 223 11 49 11 R6DM " 3,002 29 19 19 0 DK5OS " 71,511 280 24 75 22 DF2RG " 281,930 545 52 153 37
G3YJQ " 14,250 132 10 44 3 UA6CE 14 255,045 813 29 93 25 DL3XM " 31,096 168 14 75 3 DJ9KM " 231,601 429 59 158 24
*2EØYAO AA 135,270 424 27 119 16 RU6YK 7 3,367 43 9 28 0 DL4ABR " 26,560 142 20 53 10 DK9ETM " 215,488 515 35 145 28
*2EØCVN " 96,330 390 24 99 7 *R7MM A 343,294 733 50 165 11 DL3KUD " 22,908 106 24 54 14 DK6WL " 213,526 395 53 163 25
*GØCKP " 80,765 256 24 93 28 *RQ7R " 327,534 694 49 167 21 DL8UI " 21,300 96 24 75 1 DJ5TT " 212,296 482 41 147 35
*MØAFZ " 74,041 291 24 91 12 *RT6DI " 297,687 677 46 167 8 DG7CF " 20,580 157 11 59 0 DL5NAM " 176,421 347 45 138 34
*M6VFT " 57,462 233 23 87 12 *R6KX " 54,600 196 32 91 7 DL2XC " 19,099 115 18 42 11 DL1NEO " 146,415 278 46 155 26
*G8VPE " 42,957 196 21 89 1 *RJ7M " 50,099 199 31 87 1 DH4JQ " 11,628 109 11 35 11 DF1LX " 132,480 342 34 144 14
*MØIHT " 38,364 209 17 71 4 *UA6BJY " 48,360 192 31 79 10 DL7LX " 6,670 59 17 41 0 DL5ØNFA " 130,928 384 33 116 18
*M3R " 27,416 156 17 70 5 *R6DKQ " 22,425 188 16 52 1 DF4PD " 4,187 44 17 35 1 (OP: DC3RJ)
(OP: G3RTU) *RW6APC " 12,261 109 19 48 0 DK3AX " 4,005 48 14 25 6 DL3DW " 129,200 309 43 131 26
*G1P " 24,648 175 15 61 2 *RA6LIS 14 32,648 303 14 41 1 DR5E 7 48,230 352 13 55 2 DF2LH " 126,278 296 46 138 22
(OP: MØIEP) *R6CC 7 28,755 214 15 54 2 (OP: DK2CF) DL1DAW " 124,608 309 42 124 26
*G3KNU " 17,384 99 20 56 6 R7CD AA 675,328 1268 56 161 39 DJ8ES " 7,812 96 6 36 0 DL1STG " 121,396 334 40 129 9
*M6XAT " 9,408 71 18 39 7 R7AB 3.5A 127,017 658 20 71 8 *DM5B A 336,108 775 44 156 22 DL5XJ " 115,415 277 42 144 19
*G4CTY " 2,277 35 8 24 1 *UD7G AA 56,769 233 29 98 0 (OP: DG6IMR) DL5ST " 103,028 294 38 125 9
*G1VDP 14A 5,856 57 12 25 11 *R7CT " 7,038 81 12 31 3 *DK1KC " 212,553 496 40 147 22 DG7NFX " 99,665 305 32 112 11
*G8X 3.5A 73,800 505 11 55 9 *R7DA 21A 12,169 125 12 31 0 *DL1FCU " 161,160 496 31 128 11 DL9NCR " 98,496 309 35 117 10
(OP: G4FJK) *RJ7J 14A 9,750 104 12 38 0 *DL3SYA " 157,699 448 33 132 14 DK2AT " 87,230 323 27 104 12
*MØHMJ " 67,145 536 8 51 6 *RT6N " 5,343 63 12 27 0 *DL5KUD " 149,952 441 35 134 7 DL3FCG " 82,800 261 32 98 20
*M6BIR " 18,810 263 5 33 0 *DL2OE " 148,010 359 45 136 24 DL4JLM " 51,342 176 35 77 17
District 9 *DB2KT " 141,828 465 26 119 14 DL7CX " 49,392 167 41 92 11
Estonia *RA9XSL A 6,027 74 12 29 0 *DD5MA " 100,860 305 31 106 27 DL8ARJ " 38,734 186 20 86 1
ES4RD A 351,190 814 44 159 0 *R9FBT 7 23,954 222 10 49 0 *DJ6TK " 88,800 291 26 101 23 DF1LON " 25,953 98 27 90 6
*ES1ACS A 24,705 157 16 60 5 *R8XF AA 5,320 75 8 27 0 *DB2BJT " 85,936 377 26 103 2 DJ3WE " 23,569 135 20 71 0
ES1BH AA 18,955 119 19 66 0 *DL1EAL " 85,840 280 30 105 13 DHØGHU " 22,339 108 19 55 15
*ES6PA 7A 23,320 216 12 43 0 European Turkey *DL6SFR " 82,940 266 31 100 14 DL5ZK " 18,403 128 14 56 7
*YM1KE A 6,880 124 6 34 0 *DF3EH " 79,056 244 31 88 25 DL8RDL " 17,242 104 16 49 9
European Russia (OP: TA1BX) *DL2ZA " 76,342 305 22 107 4 DK2CX " 16,482 126 15 44 8
District 1 *DJ3JD " 74,613 274 24 97 12 DJ5IW " 15,300 119 11 57 0
*RA1ALC A 140,447 431 33 131 3 Finland *DL4PT " 62,220 278 27 90 5 DJ6TB " 12,859 80 23 53 1
*RU1AT " 101,001 411 26 105 0 OH1XY A 34,684 134 29 72 15 *DL5JBW " 58,338 243 26 100 0 DJ5AN " 713 12 10 11 2
*RX1AG " 27,625 164 20 65 0 OH1HS " 28,197 113 26 84 7 *DL4KW " 49,288 203 28 91 3 DK3T 14A 394,914 997 33 88 45
*UB1OAE " 15,504 144 14 54 0 OH5EAB " 25,668 153 20 70 2 *DJ3NJ " 49,200 195 23 89 11 (OP: DK4EE)
*R1NO " 2,952 48 8 28 0 OH2V " 1,612 31 9 17 0 *DL7UXG " 48,578 207 25 70 12 DF9GR " 186,921 512 31 96 34
*R1AI " 1,647 32 7 20 0 (OP: OH4KA) *DL4ZA " 43,560 199 22 82 6 DJ3IW " 17,889 69 21 34 34
*R1CAV " 1,118 21 9 17 0 OH5UQ 7 48,525 330 16 58 1 *DL9NEI " 43,008 200 22 85 5 DL7VOG " 13,560 97 14 41 5
*RZ1ZZ 14 15,309 116 12 43 8 *OG3P A 137,484 399 37 117 17 *DL2RUG " 41,296 181 28 82 6 DFØRW " 220 9 4 7 0
*R1AV " 4,719 97 9 30 0 (OP: OH3P) *DL5RMH " 40,492 205 20 86 0 DL4ME 7A 33,300 237 16 56 3
*R1BBL 7 7,068 98 6 32 0 *OG8T " 57,132 206 26 107 5 *DH1OK " 40,215 204 19 84 2 DL3BQA 3.5A 117,810 769 15 63 7
*R1FZ AA 123,840 460 30 114 0 (OP: OH8TV) *DG5MLA " 32,616 172 26 71 11 DL8OH " 80,370 518 15 61 14
*RN1AO " 17,088 126 17 47 0 *OH1SIC " 46,866 217 23 83 1 *DG2BAR " 32,342 161 24 76 3 *DL9YAJ AA 649,931 889 69 228 50
*RO1M " 11,388 73 19 49 5 (OP: SM5SIC) *DK9BM " 31,372 179 18 68 6 *DR7T " 342,348 585 52 198 32
*RK1NA " 377 16 4 9 0 *OH2EUU " 24,960 140 22 70 4 *DL6NWA " 31,248 140 21 54 18 (OP: DF1DN)
*OH1NOA " 20,336 134 17 63 2 *DG6ME " 27,368 149 19 62 7 *DJ1OJ " 288,116 625 43 149 31
District 3 *OH2LZI " 16,884 133 12 50 1 *DJ4WM " 26,730 150 20 70 0 *DK3WN " 228,480 524 44 165 15
R3BB A 220,140 587 44 133 3 *OH2MAS " 2,958 51 9 25 0 *DL8ZAJ " 26,316 120 26 69 7 *DD5M " 222,359 480 43 159 27
RA3NC " 52,514 255 25 93 3 *OH2HOD 14 12,648 117 9 39 3 *DL2KWA " 26,240 185 14 66 0 (OP: DJØZY)
RV3TG " 44,414 207 24 82 0 *OH8EJW " 4,860 68 9 27 0 *DM5SB " 23,322 162 16 52 10 *DL1GME " 150,890 403 42 133 16
RT5C " 27,391 160 24 67 0 *OH5C 7 3,458 70 5 21 0 *DJ5CT " 23,205 169 21 78 6 *DL7YS " 122,400 430 28 119 3
RA3TT " 13,916 97 18 52 1 (OP: W) *DL3ARK " 22,022 117 24 62 5 *DJ9MH " 118,125 309 37 133 19
RA3ZH " 11,900 62 27 39 4 *OH2ECG " 810 24 4 14 0 *DL4LT " 20,501 130 17 65 1 *DL1ARJ " 100,598 321 32 128 19
RW3XZ 14 158,920 669 25 79 12 OH2HAN AA 1,112,150 1406 80 267 30 *DL8ZU " 20,412 128 19 52 10 *DM7W " 84,303 279 31 107 15
RU5TT " 138,768 702 21 70 7 OH3OJ " 436,035 1045 38 165 2 *DL6RBH " 19,758 149 15 59 0 (OP: DL8MAS)
(OP: R3TE) OH1XT " 432,663 924 43 181 7 *DK4EF " 19,620 107 22 58 10 *DK5TX " 79,520 244 29 113 18
RZ3AV " 60,726 330 18 64 5 OH2KW " 178,882 552 35 135 3 *DKØBM " 17,762 135 16 67 0 *DL6MHW " 78,400 215 39 116 20
R3GZ " 57,090 257 24 73 13 OH6DX " 127,680 356 34 121 13 (OP: DK7CH) *DL2FQ " 76,300 266 28 96 16
RQ2Q " 38,454 235 16 58 4 OH8WW " 120,600 485 29 100 5 *DH6BH " 17,250 100 15 41 19 *DK5WO " 60,260 246 19 73 23
R5FI 7 2,233 47 7 22 0 OG6N " 97,776 229 40 145 9 *DL1LZ " 16,932 112 20 60 3 *DL2FK " 50,716 185 27 81 16
*RV3ZN A 224,812 568 40 153 3 (OP: OH6NIO) *DL3DQL " 16,380 112 16 60 2 *DL7UGN " 50,699 213 22 96 3
*R3VL " 117,312 406 30 108 3 OH1TM " 74,236 265 27 102 5 *DL5KUA " 14,625 98 18 55 2 *DM5JBN " 45,465 205 24 70 11
*RW3LB " 98,890 362 31 114 0 OH6BA " 30,176 160 17 74 1 *DJ6UP " 12,816 96 16 53 3 *DL6RDR " 44,505 174 25 72 18
*RU5X " 98,106 312 35 128 3 OH3FM " 27,001 206 10 57 0 *DL1EJD " 9,752 91 12 40 1 *DM6DX " 42,521 226 19 82 0
*R2PU " 72,416 295 26 98 0 OH2BBT " 10,220 69 24 46 0 *DJ7UC " 8,670 81 11 37 3 *DF5EM " 36,504 160 25 92 0
*RA3E " 68,120 248 25 105 1 OH3UU " 256 10 7 9 0 *DO1NPF " 7,304 98 10 34 0 *DL5ANS " 33,784 174 24 78 1
*RX3VF " 59,280 269 23 97 0 OH8A 14A 161,055 540 28 79 28 *DK9ZE " 7,089 67 14 35 2 *DJ1YFK " 29,585 162 21 70 6
*UB3PDW " 52,488 270 18 90 0 (OP: OH8WW) *DLØVBG " 5,936 57 16 39 1 *DL4SDW " 26,691 135 23 64 6
*UA3XO " 52,324 282 21 82 0 OH8WR " 21,318 172 18 47 1 (OP: DF5AN) *DL1RTS " 23,100 157 15 62 0
*R3RAF " 41,004 209 20 82 0 OG2P 3.5A 33,201 275 10 53 0 *DK4IO " 5,824 51 15 33 4 *DL5GAC " 21,060 121 15 49 14
*RW3ZA " 28,720 192 18 62 0 OG7A " 10,582 144 6 31 0 *DG1RPU " 5,720 64 11 29 4 *DL1NHW " 17,222 116 19 58 2
*RA3LJ " 28,120 161 22 73 0 (OP: OH6MW) *DL6DJ " 5,586 58 12 36 1 *DL5ARM " 15,554 101 18 57 2
*R3XP " 24,200 150 19 69 0 *OH8KA AA 5,145 53 14 33 2 *DL4KCA " 5,424 65 13 29 6 *DJ1MM " 15,197 100 18 73 0
*RA3V " 23,895 151 20 61 0 *OH8KVY 14A 51,506 267 19 59 13 *DM2DLG " 5,035 52 15 37 1 *DD1FLO " 14,774 100 22 56 5
*RK3DSW " 21,450 143 15 63 0 *DM4AB " 4,900 60 13 37 0 *DL1DVE " 13,608 98 17 52 3
*R3AQ " 19,422 125 23 53 2 France *DK3PM " 4,648 40 15 40 1 *DL2ART " 13,332 100 17 47 2
*RU3XW " 18,147 126 14 55 0 F5QE A 240,864 578 36 133 39 *DL9ZWG " 4,140 47 13 30 3 *DG1HXJ " 10,570 75 20 45 5
*RX3MM " 18,018 111 19 59 0 F6AUS " 138,168 323 35 93 43 *DL4SEW " 3,116 48 10 31 0 *DK2WU " 10,362 70 18 38 10
*UA3GQ " 14,040 101 17 55 0 F5OHM " 108,224 314 31 87 34 *DL1STV " 2,997 42 10 27 0 *DN5HR " 8,700 64 21 37 2

*DG4AM " 7,611 60 16 37 6 *IU1FHJ " 14,620 116 15 53 0 Luxembourg *SQ2WHH " 481,984 877 59 188 25
*DJ6OI " 5,565 53 15 35 3 *IK4XQT " 13,601 118 15 50 2 *LX1JH A 21,924 142 18 68 1 *SP9H " 304,996 661 43 161 22
*DJ2FR " 2,537 44 12 31 0 *IK2AOO " 12,444 108 14 47 0 LX1HD 14A 22,568 162 11 36 15 *SP8EEX " 213,745 530 42 134 21
*DM3M " 1,696 21 12 15 5 *I8IEQ " 12,040 87 17 52 1 *SQ6PLE " 110,282 420 22 107 5
*DL6DCX " 682 21 6 16 0 *IK2IKW " 11,696 86 18 50 0 Moldova *SP6EIY " 105,090 343 36 116 3
*DF4WC 14A 16,992 129 11 37 11 *IZ5HQB " 11,036 88 13 44 5 *ER5LL A 10,824 82 21 40 5 *HF1ØØPS " 84,940 318 26 105 6
*DG8AM " 646 22 7 12 0 *IK4RQJ " 10,034 96 15 43 0 *ER1OO 3.5 31,806 305 9 44 1 (OP: SP9CXN)
*DJ8DS 7A 28,578 247 12 52 2 *IW2JRV " 8,533 74 10 32 11 ER4A AA 820,812 1378 55 203 34 *SP6JZP " 79,872 297 29 91 8
*DO2XX 3.5A 19,800 214 7 42 1 *IV3IQY " 5,335 46 15 38 2 (OP: UT5UDX) *SQ3MZ " 72,610 283 26 101 10
*IZØTWI " 1,876 47 5 23 0 *SP5GNI " 67,268 247 29 93 12
Greece *IZ3GOG " 540 11 7 8 3 Netherlands *SP4BPH " 64,240 293 20 88 2
SV3EXU A 150,072 461 33 111 25 *I1DXD " 513 11 8 11 0 PA5TT A 41,472 190 22 68 18 *SQ6ELV " 56,280 188 29 88 23
SV6JHA " 129,532 306 44 121 23 *IZ7UMS 21 11,092 117 12 35 0 PAØCT " 41,000 199 19 71 10 *SQ6ELK " 55,297 232 27 85 9
SV8DCY " 67,080 255 33 90 7 *IU1DUB 14 54,600 231 18 52 30 PA4DN " 40,768 203 21 75 8 *SP3MEO " 54,834 296 26 78 7
SZ6P 14 62,664 354 16 51 17 *IZ7XNB " 34,255 184 16 49 20 PA4B 14 26,600 150 15 41 20 *SP4LVK " 52,440 218 30 79 6
(OP: SV1BJW) *IK7RVY " 22,125 176 16 43 16 *PF6X A 141,735 439 28 121 16 *SN1LH " 50,161 262 17 86 0
SV1JG 3.5 2,562 63 4 17 0 *IZ2JPN " 18,963 147 12 42 9 *PA3T " 80,010 305 24 89 14 (OP: SP1EG)
*SV8OVH A 120,733 418 35 122 0 *IU1HCC " 17,728 123 12 39 13 *PA4G " 76,755 335 21 81 17 *SQ6UV " 46,247 234 20 83 0
*SV1DOO " 48,880 278 20 74 0 *IW3RQT " 14,322 95 16 39 11 *PA2CVD " 72,795 322 22 83 10 *SP9KB " 39,000 202 20 79 1
*SV1JFL " 39,520 278 14 64 2 *IZ8GUQ " 11,189 79 16 35 16 *PAØFVH " 71,724 286 23 91 15 *SN8ØWW " 33,286 198 20 69 0
*SV8/PA1FJ/P" 4,017 56 10 27 2 *IK7XNF " 9,672 86 11 26 15 *PA3JB " 65,750 311 23 100 2 (OP: SP1MWF)
(OP: PA1FJ) *I2ORX " 9,010 78 10 34 9 *PA8KW " 65,747 241 25 101 13 *SP2GDK " 32,054 178 19 74 1
*SV1RUX " 1,890 27 11 19 0 *I4UUL " 7,392 67 11 21 12 *PA1JM " 54,670 249 18 88 4 *SP1DMD " 27,115 161 18 56 11
*SV2/SV7CUD" 396 15 6 12 0 *I3PXN 7 94,367 519 19 65 7 *PAØPIW " 53,954 264 22 73 11 *SQ2NNN " 27,048 302 7 41 1
(OP: SV7CUD) *IW2LLH " 10,472 106 9 44 3 *PC7E " 43,329 225 19 79 3 *SP9GKJ " 14,256 102 17 55 0
*SV1MO 14 4,200 49 11 25 4 *IU4IBC " 9,328 121 7 37 0 *PA4GDR " 38,950 203 18 76 1 *SQ9NFQ " 12,276 99 17 44 1
SV2BXA AA 373,984 741 52 182 14 *IK1ODN " 8,820 108 6 36 0 *PDØWR " 37,054 186 17 68 12 *SP8CGU " 10,440 76 19 39 2
SV2ESW " 233,506 637 38 118 26 *I5WNN " 4,664 56 10 31 3 *PG1R " 36,408 165 23 73 15 *SP9WZO " 8,740 107 11 35 0
SV2KF " 100,873 343 36 94 19 *I1WXY 3.5 54,925 462 7 53 5 *PA3DBS " 34,888 207 17 71 1 *SP5BUJ " 4,708 50 11 33 0
SZ1A 14A 154,051 539 26 75 26 *IK5AMB " 46,260 417 8 51 1 *PA3EWG " 29,841 170 16 68 3 *SP9IHP " 3,192 34 15 21 2
(OP: SV1BDO) *IW2HUS " 13,314 163 4 38 0 *PAØALG " 29,412 198 15 68 3 *SP4DC 21 540 17 4 11 0
*SV8PMM AA 14,040 98 18 52 2 *I4JEE " 6,384 107 6 32 0 *PBØACU " 23,532 159 15 49 10 *SP6DMI 14 14,300 127 12 35 5
*SV2AEL 14A 106,692 506 19 63 20 IQ2CJ AA 2,646,900 2359 100 324 95 *PAØCMF " 21,660 150 14 58 4 *SP2AEK " 10,976 111 13 33 3
(OP: IT9RGY) *PA2W " 20,916 118 17 58 8 *SP5TAZ " 9,550 101 11 36 3
Guernsey IV3WMS " 750,164 967 63 201 70 *PAØTCA " 17,908 113 16 50 8 *SP9EZM " 3,706 53 9 23 2
*GUØSUP A 162,918 405 34 134 21 I2WIJ " 632,111 895 67 193 63 *PA3ADU " 17,712 111 20 55 7 *SP9MDY " 792 31 5 13 0
IK2XDE " 623,076 1046 50 183 41 *PC5D " 12,608 103 12 50 2 *SQ5CZP 7 36,018 260 13 53 3
Hungary I7CSB " 457,545 693 63 184 48 *PA4R " 11,760 91 15 52 3 *SP9BCH " 17,712 161 10 43 1
HAØHW A 171,287 539 34 114 9 IØWBX " 312,354 705 47 152 23 *PA2EJD " 11,748 99 14 51 1 *SP2BLC " 17,442 219 9 42 0
HA9PP 14 1,752 32 9 15 0 I2DJX " 249,536 491 41 147 36 *PD3ALX " 10,985 91 16 43 6 *SQ8W " 17,116 207 7 37 0
HA8BT 3.5 90,132 528 16 65 6 IK2LFF " 224,070 713 36 123 6 *PA2VS " 10,971 102 10 43 0 *SP6BEN " 17,004 159 9 40 3
*HA5AQ A 53,060 151 43 81 16 IK5PWS " 128,484 380 31 117 18 *PA3CDN " 10,780 97 16 53 1 *SP5CQI " 4,840 64 8 32 0
*HA7PO " 30,996 144 28 76 4 *PA2LP " 7,155 71 15 38 0 *SP9BGS " 4,212 51 7 23 6
IKØXBX " 74,822 195 36 116 27
*HAØLW 14 19,272 122 15 37 14 *PA3DTR " 6,318 58 16 36 2 *SO1RON " 1,300 33 5 15 0
IK4UOA " 65,274 202 32 78 28
*HAØMS 7 20,644 199 9 43 0 *PDØMWG " 4,059 52 11 28 2 *SP9KJU " 629 16 6 11 0
IZ3QHA " 45,243 259 16 83 0
*HA8WY 3.5 49,910 411 9 50 3 *PA9DD " 3,737 52 8 29 0 (OP: SP9MDY)
HA1AG AA 35,541 157 23 55 21 IZ2DLV " 44,064 173 26 57 25 *SP5VIH 3.5 7,956 123 6 30 0
IN3BFW " 32,032 205 18 59 0 *PAØZH " 1,305 24 10 18 1
HA2VR " 3,234 46 10 32 0 *PA2DK " 1,248 27 5 19 0 *SQ9PPT " 5,742 99 4 29 0
HA8JV 14A 596,717 1304 34 107 46 IK2EGL " 23,858 158 19 58 2 SN7Q AA 3,107,940 2658 99 317 94
I2SVA " 22,092 120 17 49 18 *PD5PET " 660 23 6 16 0
HA8QZ " 168,073 564 25 70 36 *PG7V 7 7,638 103 5 33 0 (OP: SP7GIQ)
HG5D 7A 177,360 706 23 82 15 IZ3XEF " 9,301 66 20 48 3 3Z5ØKP " 161,530 543 26 106 13
IN3EQD " 5,830 50 18 32 3 PA4O AA 910,134 1207 64 231 59
(OP: HA8QZ) PA7LV " 760,760 1177 55 208 45 (OP: SP5KP)
HA8BE 3.5A 121,432 711 15 66 5 IZ2FOS 21A 7,296 96 11 27 0 SP8K " 108,080 342 41 91 8
IQ1RY 14A 786,111 1572 37 108 56 PA5WT " 438,768 717 46 181 50
*HA6NL AA 291,940 661 46 155 19 PG3N " 168,032 452 34 125 19 SP6AXW " 66,918 295 22 87 5
*HG8C " 167,240 411 39 113 33 (OP: IZ1LBG) SP9KR " 48,178 206 28 76 5
IZ3GOM " 304,065 917 27 73 45 PB7Z " 129,282 353 35 121 18
*HA3OU " 108,570 307 37 119 9 PAØM " 97,950 301 27 103 20 SP1NY " 29,640 126 28 70 16
*HA2OS " 10,476 100 11 43 0 IW1CHX " 201,432 668 22 64 46 SP6NZ " 6,840 58 17 35 5
PA5N " 67,602 299 20 92 2
IU4CHE " 147,506 482 26 72 33 SP5I " 1,824 27 10 22 0
PAØGJV " 66,430 230 29 79 22
Iceland IK3XJP " 92,092 276 28 77 38 SP2KPD 14A 6,596 97 9 25 0
PA3EVY " 40,981 193 20 71 16
*TF8KY A 8,692 80 13 35 5 IU3BTY " 43,180 239 18 55 12 *PC3T AA 212,742 455 46 142 35 (OP: SP2IJ)
*TF3DC " 5,550 49 14 31 5 IK4ZHH " 14,579 99 14 26 21 *PE1FTV " 157,210 502 30 121 7 SP5OXJ 7A 99,200 492 20 71 9
*TF1OL 14 276 21 4 7 1 I4AVG 7A 539,240 1409 31 94 45 *PE5O " 102,144 295 37 117 14 SP5IVC " 89,376 609 14 59 3
IZ2DII " 169,740 674 25 80 18 *PA2TA " 79,728 299 25 95 12 SP9RQH " 8,131 102 9 38 0
Ireland IZ5EME " 30,400 181 17 55 8 *PC1PM " 78,470 302 26 100 7 *SP6FXY AA 87,746 291 36 101 9
EI3GRB A 27,436 189 15 53 8 I1JTQ 3.5A 75,392 543 13 55 8 *PA3BXR " 76,800 302 24 96 8 *SQ9FMU " 69,160 241 31 85 17
EI8IU 14 67,811 394 11 46 26 IV3AZV " 26,620 257 8 46 1 *PAØGRU " 45,276 240 17 72 9 *SP2MKI " 23,436 135 18 63 3
*I2BRT AA 671,132 1026 61 198 49 *PDØMHZ " 32,470 186 17 63 5 *SP2WGB " 13,680 100 18 54 0
Italy *IZ3EIN " 109,051 334 31 123 13 *PD5JFK " 31,706 240 16 62 5 *SN6E " 4,418 58 13 34 0
I4JED A 838,572 1202 54 170 74 *IZØEHL " 108,884 341 28 117 22 *PE4BAS " 31,314 157 24 67 11 (OP: US6EU)
IK7NXU " 350,842 634 47 175 24 *IV3HAX " 77,184 276 29 113 2 *PD3EM " 29,184 197 13 61 2 *SQ9IWA " 260 7 6 7 0
IK1BPL " 174,834 436 39 134 25 *IWØQO " 65,928 258 25 102 7 *PD1RO " 28,469 167 16 58 9 *SNØR 21A 432 12 5 11 0
IX1CLD " 170,868 472 33 122 19 *IZ4XAI " 28,690 156 20 72 3 *PA2PKZ " 26,240 164 21 48 11 (OP: SQ9IAU)
IV3ARJ " 168,004 398 38 132 24 *IK2RLS " 25,652 119 28 72 6 *PA1LEX " 20,448 158 13 55 3 *SO5WD 7A 16,072 172 7 41 1
IK5FKF " 138,237 364 33 119 25 *IW5EIJ " 21,824 118 21 58 9 *PDØME " 20,276 142 17 54 3 *SP2KAC " 8,592 89 9 39 0
IK2SND " 122,310 372 26 92 33 *IN3FHE " 13,230 65 24 63 3 *PF6W " 14,976 112 12 45 7
IV3VBM " 114,741 341 37 120 14 *IU1LCU " 10,890 83 15 41 10 *PA4WM " 14,668 86 17 52 7 Portugal
IZØHAP " 85,536 304 32 104 8 *IZ5ILK " 8,804 60 17 31 14 *PD2TW " 14,579 109 13 32 16 CR6T 21 113,221 495 18 62 21
I2OGV " 58,420 224 20 70 25 *IZ3NVR " 7,728 110 6 36 0 *PC4C " 14,271 108 13 49 5 (OP: CT1ESV)
IKØYUO " 52,029 208 29 94 0 *IZ8GBT " 7,645 60 17 29 9 *PA3DUU " 13,157 114 13 41 5 *CT1ILT A 1,169,754 1565 54 181 96
IZ3LUF " 41,500 177 19 57 24 *IK3TPP 14A 164,294 524 26 76 40 *PA4J " 6,321 63 10 33 6 *CR5O " 654,724 1165 41 169 58
I1WQR " 21,973 153 14 59 0 *IZ2JQP " 24,309 142 15 40 18 *PD1RP 14A 836 15 8 10 4 (OP: CT7AJL)
IK2AHB " 12,765 77 16 37 16 *IV3XZG " 14,652 103 15 41 10 *CT7AUP " 130,350 398 29 100 29
IK6FTZ " 10,550 102 10 25 15 *IK4RVG 7A 100,108 458 23 78 15 North Macedonia *CS25FOQ " 24,948 104 24 52 23
I3FGX 21 20,740 137 18 48 2 *IZ4JMA " 80,538 435 16 63 14 *Z35Z A 9,288 95 10 43 1 (OP: CT1FOQ)
IZ1PKV 14 380,000 999 29 91 40 *IZØUME " 18,300 153 10 45 6 *Z36N 7 36,160 290 11 48 5 *CT7AIX 14 24,820 132 14 36 23
IQ4RN " 168,148 588 25 68 34 *IK2WAD " 15,635 133 11 44 4 Z39A AA 81,510 266 27 95 21 *CS25ARR AA 430,416 787 50 150 52
IK1NEG " 68,264 300 21 66 19 *IZ5OQX 3.5A 5,536 98 5 27 0 Z35T 7A 329,130 1169 25 81 29 (OP: CT1BXT)
IK4GNI " 64,416 317 17 43 28 *Z33B AA 18,626 141 17 50 0
IZ3GYS " 53,508 227 16 51 31 Jersey *Z33F 7A 116,207 631 18 64 9
Romania
IZ2GRG " 41,600 166 21 61 22 YPØC A 636,225 1208 52 170 33
*MJØX A 158,556 556 26 116 4 (OP: YO3CZW)
IZ1HDR " 18,768 127 15 45 8 (OP: MØRTI) Northern Ireland
IW1PNJ 7 138,425 590 21 70 22 YO3VU 21 31,570 273 15 40 0
*GN5DX A 51,984 237 17 82 15 *YO6HSU A 315,432 651 51 168 15
IK5UAN " 62,901 362 14 56 17 Kaliningrad (OP: MIØJZZ)
IZ4GOL " 4,154 72 4 27 0 *YO3YV " 127,395 382 36 129 6
UA2CZ A 115,650 388 30 113 7 *MIØSAI 14 118,874 511 14 40 44 *YO2LEA " 70,278 216 37 100 22
IZØKBR 3.5 121,600 608 17 62 21 *RN2FQ A 22,092 139 23 60 1 GI5I AA 280 10 5 7 2
*IW2MXY A 342,672 730 34 133 13 *YO7DBR " 39,437 194 31 79 3
*RA2FB 14A 8,370 97 11 33 1 (OP: GI4DOH) *YO4SI " 38,760 159 27 75 12
*IK1RGK " 239,292 574 38 121 38 MIØSLE 3.5A 61,376 490 8 49 7
*IZ4OSH " 188,160 425 59 126 25 *YO2LDU " 28,322 153 22 73 3
Latvia *YO2LXW " 25,120 165 19 61 0
*IK2RZG " 170,625 396 36 116 43 YL2CI 14 158,799 548 26 77 26 Norway
*IZ8WDH " 159,720 502 30 127 8 *YO4UQ " 16,500 145 12 48 0
YL2HR 7 60,492 430 12 59 0 *LA5LJA A 201,310 456 43 145 17 *YO2IS 14 40,125 271 13 47 15
*IC8FJX " 158,580 454 35 130 15 *YL2GP A 82,110 284 28 105 5 *LA2HFA " 58,564 249 21 94 6
*I2XLF " 143,234 400 35 121 26 *YO9CWY " 27,936 198 12 50 10
*YL2IP " 15,600 105 20 58 0 *LA6CF " 57,531 266 25 93 9 *YO8DHA " 20,916 177 13 40 10
*IZ8XXE " 137,264 342 40 119 25 *YL3CU " 264 11 3 8 0 *LC8P " 52,828 293 16 78 0
*IØGIA " 133,525 363 38 117 20 *YO4DFT 7 45,600 299 15 58 2
YL2UI AA 297,873 689 38 144 25 *LA7SI " 26,664 156 16 72 0 *YO4CVV " 9,632 111 8 35 0
*IV3XNF " 128,304 338 39 114 23 YL2GD " 250,182 488 57 180 9 *LC7D " 12,408 98 15 46 5
*IU5ICR " 119,808 391 27 108 21 *YO5OHY 3.5 23,184 256 6 42 0
YL9T " 190,180 519 35 148 2 (OP: LA6PBA) YQ6A AA 868,644 1258 72 212 40
*IWØGYC " 111,573 340 32 119 10 *LB2WG " 7,696 102 9 28 0
(OP: YL2TW) (OP: YO6BHN)
*IK8IOO " 95,046 358 34 104 8 *LA4OGA " 4,876 63 9 37 0
YL2KO " 8,723 54 19 32 10 YO9HP " 688,675 1010 71 239 15
*IW1CBG " 93,148 340 25 115 6 *LA2L " 4,708 54 11 33 0
YL2KF 7A 121,346 694 17 69 0 YO7CW " 223,668 668 33 133 5
*IZ5IMB " 88,350 271 30 101 24 (OP: LA3CLA)
*IK3SSJ " 82,804 354 24 89 14 *YL2NK AA 77,364 311 25 94 7 YO4FPF " 157,916 547 27 108 13
*YL5T " 22,794 124 22 63 2 LA9TY AA 619,320 1144 49 181 30 YO4DW " 27,477 185 18 51 2
*IK2AUK " 77,655 275 30 110 15 LB6KC " 70,610 314 24 87 4
*IK4IDP " 76,032 262 32 90 22 (OP: YL3DQ) YO9BPX 14A 82,890 414 18 57 15
*YL2SM 14A 10,890 69 14 41 11 LA8CJ 14A 3,382 38 12 22 4 YO8WW 3.5A 17,297 190 7 42 0
*IZ8DVD " 72,517 294 25 90 12 *LA3BPA AA 108,888 346 34 113 9
*IK2OVT " 66,240 204 31 90 23 *YO4NF AA 303,212 687 38 171 12
*LA9RY " 24,932 152 18 70 4
*IK4QJF " 61,264 287 22 85 5 Liechtenstein *LC9S 14A 12 2 1 2 0
*IW4EJK " 51,272 197 24 70 22 HBØ/DL5YM AA 375,147 792 35 141 43 (OP: LA9GSA)
Sardinia
*IK2SAR " 46,287 241 27 81 3 *ISØBRQ A 31,518 149 20 77 6
Lithuania *ISØGVH " 18,615 138 16 56 1
*I2BZN " 35,952 178 22 84 1 Poland
*IZ3XNJ " 35,752 140 24 63 22 LY7Z A 1,851,116 2159 87 281 44 SP7AH A 161,304 509 35 116 5
*IK8ARF " 30,192 147 29 76 6 LY1FW 7 222,902 921 27 85 6 SP3DIK " 133,620 370 37 122 11
Scotland
*IZ7GEG " 28,684 147 23 67 11 *LY9Y A 563,094 1133 48 180 18 SP2QCW " 53,500 191 30 80 15 *GM4JKZ A 61,585 276 21 72 20
*IU3FBL " 28,372 160 15 46 21 *LY2BAA " 13,260 108 16 52 0 SN6A " 30,590 137 22 51 22 *MMØCPZ " 35,432 195 14 63 9
*I6FDJ " 25,650 147 20 70 0 *LY2CG 14 24,500 183 14 47 9 (OP: SP6CES) *GM9C " 13,978 130 12 45 1
*IN3OWY " 25,530 218 9 60 0 *LY1D " 16,566 122 16 45 5 SP1JQJ " 26,228 160 16 63 4 (OP: MMØGHM)
*IK2YSJ " 24,598 140 20 77 1 *LY2CV " 2,910 47 9 21 0 SP4W " 22,185 130 23 54 8 *MMØGOR 14 7,680 99 6 32 2
*IK3MLF " 23,956 97 27 75 11 *LY5W 7 138,780 640 22 80 6 SQ2RGB 14 15,871 117 15 37 7 GM4FDM 7A 247,758 1014 26 78 15
*IK5BSC " 23,738 119 19 44 20 LY1R AA 476,224 982 52 148 24 SO9I 3.5 107,692 745 11 60 5
*IK6BSN " 22,008 118 21 52 11 LY2SA " 107,500 296 39 124 9 (OP: SQ9ORQ) *GM6DX AA 8,112 93 9 39 0
*IV3XPP " 21,093 143 18 57 4 LY3CY " 81,664 318 22 104 2 SP5DL " 50,211 425 9 53 1 *MM2T 14A 5,282 65 8 24 6
*IZ6BXQ " 18,270 115 22 52 13 LY2NY 14A 212,176 620 30 84 35 SP6IHE " 40,424 356 9 52 1
*IU4CSS " 15,387 125 14 46 9 LY2FN 3.5A 68,096 451 13 60 3 *3Z9M A 1,177,177 1658 70 235 44 Serbia
*IK6ZDE " 14,760 100 16 54 2 *LY5T AA 86,144 360 25 103 0 (OP: SQ9UM) YT2AAA A 66,783 291 25 80 8

YU1UN 21 65,989 392 19 54 4 *EB1ADD 7A 9,250 88 11 32 7 *UR6LF " 1,197 32 5 14 0 YB3IZK " 15,336 135 26 42 3
*YU4SMT A 5,203 98 8 35 0 *EB3CW 3.5A 129,168 656 19 70 15 *UT5PY 3.5 45,771 427 7 48 2 YC2VOC " 6,525 61 19 25 1
*YT8A 21 17,334 152 14 38 2 *UT1AM " 22,992 266 6 42 0 YB2TS " 4,802 94 19 29 1
*YU7RIM 3.5 9,756 138 5 31 0 Sweden *UY8IF " 8,550 98 9 41 0 YE3AA " 294 21 6 7 1
YT2U AA 192,246 531 40 125 14 SJ3A A 115,115 361 30 125 6 *UX7VA " 4,343 65 7 36 0 YB8UM " 190 14 5 5 0
YU1KT " 63,828 302 21 87 0 (OP: SM3OMO) UW1M AA 2,771,055 2791 95 298 70 YCØRI 21A 16,238 128 16 30 0
YU5R 21A 82,398 400 23 65 5 SM6LJU " 97,626 297 32 102 25 (OP: UR5MW) YC8AO " 2,158 43 11 15 0
(OP: YT2AAA) SD1A " 36,127 197 18 69 4 UW3U " 1,912,128 2061 90 288 55 YB3FTD " 1,596 32 8 11 0
*YT3H AA 3,710 50 9 26 0 (OP: SM1TDE) (OP: UT7UJ) YC6BTI " 1,128 21 9 15 0
*YU2A 14A 60,552 335 18 52 17 SM5C " 25,344 125 23 66 7 EN5V " 673,475 1241 52 201 22 YB3BX 7A 1,197 45 7 10 2
*YT9VM 7A 22,002 212 14 42 1 (OP: BM) (OP: UX1VT) YE3WIL " 96 12 3 3 0
*YU7U " 16,072 195 6 33 2 *SE4E A 293,780 786 34 144 7 UW5U " 358,267 837 46 166 5 YF3CYT 3.5A 4 2 1 1 0
(OP: SM4DQE) (OP: UY2UA) *YFØTUR AA 278,160 560 56 124 10
Sicily *SM5FQQ " 223,750 616 36 132 11 UR6EA " 223,886 501 45 150 23 *YC2YIZ " 155,216 348 55 115 8
IT9VCE A 768,911 1283 49 178 56 *SF1Z " 117,859 419 26 116 7 US7IID " 174,573 583 29 130 4 *YC9DE " 58,560 206 44 66 10
*IT9CIL A 29,640 157 19 69 7 (OP: SMØHEV) UR5R " 141,450 506 26 104 8 *YF5YUD " 25,839 123 26 57 4
*IT9CKA 7 16,415 168 9 40 0 *SM7CIL " 66,768 290 21 70 16 (OP: UTØRM) *YCØMAT " 13,426 117 14 34 1
IT9ESW AA 704,370 1026 60 198 60 *SE6K " 66,708 311 21 87 1 UT4HZ " 101,384 302 30 109 13 *YC1PSI " 8,568 71 20 29 2
IT9ZZO 28A 171 15 3 6 0 (OP: SM6FZO) UX1VX " 26,622 160 18 69 0 *YC2YSW 21A 19,008 140 15 33 0
IR9K 7A 232,624 1030 18 67 27 *SM5ACQ " 55,499 222 26 92 9 UT5ECZ " 9,280 69 16 44 4 *YB1BML 14A 43,734 224 19 48 7
(OP: IT9DSZ) *SM5DXR " 30,780 192 17 73 0 UT2G 21A 74,760 401 22 62 0 *YB5BOY " 23,453 194 12 35 0
IT9STX " 114,624 570 14 54 28 *SM6GBM " 3,616 55 8 24 0 (OP: UR7GO) *YB8UTI " 16,758 177 15 27 0
*IT9ACJ AA 51,076 236 29 83 1 *SD6M " 2,923 34 10 18 9 UX1UX 14A 190,384 591 28 86 32 *YD8RHD 7A 1,045 35 8 10 1
*IT9XTP 3.5A 44,631 394 7 50 0 (OP: SA6BGR) *UT8EL AA 573,600 946 64 220 16 *YD1IDC " 770 44 6 8 0
*IT9RZU " 25,596 240 8 46 0 *SM5MX 7 180 9 4 8 0 *UY7C " 366,860 657 58 184 18 *YG3FZR " 308 21 5 5 1
SM5EPO AA 436,480 834 46 175 27 *UR5QU " 144,738 250 55 186 17
Slovak Republic SM5FUG " 259,369 589 39 148 22 *US2YW " 111,520 247 45 145 15 New Zealand
OM3IAG 3.5 33,984 302 10 47 2 SM6MVE " 58,072 249 21 93 5 *UR3GU " 97,300 347 28 100 11 ZM1A 7 138,645 434 26 47 44
*OM3R A 95,238 337 30 109 4 SE3X 7A 16,875 205 7 38 0 *US5QUB " 94,535 229 42 136 7 (OP: ZL3CW)
(OP: OM3CFR) (OP: SA3BYC) *UX3I " 51,729 211 32 97 0 *ZL2AYZ A 41,503 139 39 63 19
*OM7AG " 89,712 330 29 108 7 *SM5IMO AA 178,880 499 27 124 21 *UR3PA " 26,319 152 20 71 2 ZM4T AA 702,720 797 64 128 113
*OM5MX " 60,931 264 21 76 12 *SE6N " 33,000 195 18 69 1 *UXØSX " 23,028 143 20 52 4 (OP: ZL3IO)
*OM2DT " 59,784 203 34 91 16 (OP: SA6AXR) *UR3QM " 6,840 79 10 35 0 ZM2B " 275,462 483 49 95 65
*OM5NL " 47,573 203 21 71 21 *SF5M " 28,302 153 19 68 2 *UZ1WW 14A 18,270 109 17 52 1 (OP: ZL2BR)
*OM8JP 14 10,600 97 12 31 7 (OP: SM5SYO) *UT5YY 7A 42,344 284 15 62 2 ZL3PAH " 53,940 169 31 49 44
*OM7PY 7 12,222 144 7 35 0 *SM5EFX " 15,879 120 16 51 0 *UZ4U " 39,750 266 17 57 1 ZL2RX " 45,942 151 37 55 22
*OM3ZWA 3.5 27,387 280 6 45 0 *SK6AW 7A 55,556 408 12 56 0 (OP: UX7UW) ZL4NR " 3,348 32 9 9 18
OM2VL AA 465,776 599 75 237 32 (OP: SA6CBY) *UR4CU " 36,984 272 13 56 0
OM2AGN 14A 18,786 99 22 55 16 *UR3QSW " 31,806 262 10 48 4
*UW1WU " 5,472 76 9 27 0 Philippines
OM3CW 7A 20,458 195 11 42 0 Switzerland DU1IVT A 3,540 54 12 16 2
HB9ØTOC A 814,800 1247 50 167 74 *UR5WCW 3.5A 32,879 302 8 52 1
*UT3N " 23,608 285 8 44 0 *DU1JM A 174,423 397 54 98 7
Slovenia HB9ODP " 535,767 910 50 172 49 *4F3BZ " 102,290 349 39 63 4
S53TM 14 172,569 628 24 66 33 HB9CAL " 84,560 308 32 111 8 (OP: K)
*DU1NA 14 198 11 4 5 0
S53F 7 590,178 1535 30 96 41 HB9DOS " 22,849 149 12 49 12 DU1/N6HPX AA 2,945 48 14 17 0
S5ØA " 526,384 1455 31 97 39 HB9ØAWS 3.5 18,260 183 12 42 1 Vienna Intl. Center
*4U1A A 636,260 1108 59 192 39 (OP: N6HPX)
*S57AM A 373,320 685 50 164 41 *HB9AVK A 47,684 160 34 82 15 *4F3OM 7A 7,296 92 10 19 3
*S55BA " 137,788 493 26 111 11 *HB9MXY " 40,810 201 22 80 4 (OP: HB9RB)
*S57SWR " 92,456 386 26 101 0 *HB9DDZ " 37,500 144 24 86 15
*S57YK " 78,625 299 25 85 15 *HB9HFM " 32,522 153 22 69 10 Wales Tonga
*S51JQ 14 43,097 256 17 53 1 *HB9ØGKM " 770 21 5 17 0 MW2I A 727,536 1254 50 182 44 A35JT AA 52,318 188 30 42 29
*S57X 7 42,021 303 11 54 4 (OP: HB9GKM) (OP: GW4FRE) (OP: VK5GR)
S57AW AA 1,174,716 1185 88 295 64 *HB3YGD 21 225 13 3 6 0 *MW6M A 119,970 400 26 116 13
S58J 14A 228,512 657 28 86 34 HB9TTK AA 189,054 589 27 106 29 (OP: GW4BVJ)
S57S " 6,468 59 9 17 16 HB9ØDUR " 96,424 366 24 111 1 *GW4HBK 14 5,412 59 9 27 5 SOUTH AMERICA
S51CK 7A 222,300 856 24 83 23 HB9DVZ " 82,944 252 36 119 7 GW4MVA AA 60,770 261 22 88 8 Argentina
S58Q " 58,598 370 17 61 5 HB2U " 77,372 318 21 62 33 *GW4TSG AA 36,504 145 22 56 26 LW9ETQ A 5,700 50 17 21 12
*S5ØRY AA 153,384 451 31 103 32 HB9DHG 7A 172,856 655 23 75 26 *MW9W 14A 41,790 291 14 48 8 LU5VV 21 84,778 316 19 41 37
(OP: S53K) HB9FKK " 33,245 271 12 48 1 (OP: GWØKRL) L77D 14 18,585 114 14 25 24
*S53O " 57,040 229 23 86 15 (OP: IK1PMR) (OP: LU6DC)
*S56A " 49,296 148 32 115 11 *HB9VQQ AA 299,640 584 41 137 49 *LU5MT A 11,147 65 23 30 18
*S53BB " 18,942 138 19 57 1 *HB9ØBXE " 78,936 266 37 110 9 OCEANIA *LU1MPK " 9,782 65 27 26 20
*HB2K " 55,237 321 15 75 1 *LU1XP " 8,880 71 22 36 2
*S52WW 7A 7,696 109 6 31 0 Australia *LW5DQ 21 8,632 68 14 22 16
*S51RBC " 4,224 66 6 26 0 *HB9OAB 14A 2,232 44 7 17 0 VK4QH A 1,126,080 1170 83 163 99 *LU1WI 14 33,698 154 17 39 27
(OP: S57LR) VK3JA " 116,688 323 45 69 18 *LU7DUE 7 3,440 42 12 24 4
Ukraine *VK2GR A 2,670 32 12 18 0 *LU1YJG " 1,012 22 9 10 4
Spain EMØI A 1,542,378 2114 70 237 47 *VK5IR " 24 4 2 2 0 LU7HN AA 282,744 509 43 71 90
EA2XR A 513,136 1076 31 120 57 (OP: UT2IZ) *VK4FJ 7 12,446 102 12 11 26 LU1BJW " 179,676 322 53 78 76
EE3E " 302,895 493 50 159 56 UV5U " 1,013,446 1238 81 251 47 *VK3TNL " 2,625 29 13 17 5 LU1KCQ " 67,602 217 27 38 49
(OP: EA3ELZ) (OP: UX1UA) *VK4AFU " 608 15 7 8 4 L73H " 56,974 173 29 38 55
EA1DA " 272,889 515 47 146 50 UY5VA " 675,880 1188 54 203 20 *VK3BWM " 350 11 5 4 5 (OP: LU4HK)
EA1CF " 62,580 210 26 80 34 UT4RZ " 377,235 804 51 184 14 *VK4SN 7A 252 8 5 5 4 LU8DZJ " 2,106 24 16 19 4
EA5DFV " 36,380 164 15 39 31 UR5WCQ " 355,871 716 43 143 30 LO5D 21A 255,500 719 21 54 50
EA7AQV " 19,236 125 17 54 13 UY5ZZ " 307,102 780 42 124 28 Guam (OP: LU9ESD)
EB1IC " 2,970 31 9 9 15 UT2AU " 208,715 621 32 137 0 NH2DX 28 2,912 63 8 8 0 *LU2JCW AA 9,709 53 25 35 13
EF1C 14 93,656 507 16 56 20 UT2UB " 163,208 470 40 138 6 (OP: KG6DX) *LU3EBG " 1,323 34 17 18 14
ED4T " 56,472 215 21 52 31 UY5UF " 157,688 418 36 140 8 *LW5EAE 28A 6,930 60 11 13 21
(OP: EA4CWN) UR5CN " 113,091 385 32 110 7 Hawaii
EA7KI 7 104,400 612 16 55 19 UR4EI " 80,848 326 25 99 0 KH6ZM A 1,044,684 1191 70 90 146 Aruba
EA2KU 3.5 38,056 304 9 44 14 UY5QZ " 54,860 242 33 95 2 KH6TU " 265,036 539 47 52 74 P49X A 5,590,480 3447 92 230 238
EA3FF " 12,282 136 6 38 2 UT1QQ " 49,594 192 31 106 0 *KH6CJJ A 360,022 549 58 63 106 (OP: WØYK)
*EA3FZT A 532,032 928 45 178 49 UX3UU " 10,773 86 17 46 0 *KH6GMP " 19,136 106 18 16 30
*EA3CI " 401,692 809 41 145 47 UT3RS 14 78,225 348 22 67 16 *AH6KO 7 13,018 100 11 10 25
EM235QM " 22,968 205 12 44 2 NH6Y AA 132,348 291 50 48 66 Bolivia
*EA1XT " 391,848 717 40 125 67 *CP6UA A 33,562 164 33 44 20
*EA4BAS " 295,554 682 41 137 39 (OP: UR7QM) *WH6FAM AA 510 12 6 5 4
*EA5HRT " 165,612 561 23 106 19 UX2X 3.5 186,340 883 21 75 14
*EA2BNU " 157,815 389 36 123 30 (OP: UT2XQ) Indonesia Brazil
UR8RF " 5,425 98 4 27 0 YC6RMT A 145,390 434 43 86 5 ZZ2T A 2,180,996 1672 82 213 163
*EA3GCT " 115,675 308 32 115 28 (OP: PY2MNL)
*EA4CRP " 71,136 262 29 96 19 *UT5EPP A 484,191 1056 47 172 18 YB2IQ " 67,354 264 37 73 9
*UX7QV " 358,399 992 37 155 7 YC2HML " 46,280 254 28 46 3 PY5DK 14 132 6 5 5 2
*EA4DXP " 58,650 205 30 99 9 *PU1JSV A 21,682 118 19 31 24
*EA1EH " 49,950 219 20 74 17 *US6CQ " 345,780 759 44 167 15 YC3DXG " 15,841 123 31 39 3
*UR8EQ " 249,767 575 47 158 12 YF3FBV " 2,816 47 12 19 1 *PY2KP " 9,600 63 19 27 14
*EB5CS " 40,832 172 21 89 6 *PU7ASP " 6,588 56 22 26 13
*UT8IM " 215,488 532 46 158 4 YC8UYJ 21 12,051 119 14 25 0
*EA5XC " 39,923 280 16 66 1 *PY1KB " 4,489 44 26 33 8
*UT3SO " 177,325 538 34 129 9 YC3GOQ " 2,940 35 8 20 0
*EA1IYK " 35,310 172 23 76 11 *PU4YJS " 1,008 17 10 14 0
*UR7EC " 134,460 357 44 133 3 YF2UFA " 1,595 25 10 19 0
*EA4EJR " 34,606 135 29 79 13 *PU2USK " 960 21 13 19 0
*UR6QS " 130,788 371 37 131 5 YBØNDT 14 211,530 695 29 70 11
*EA5LD " 34,020 138 24 70 14 *PY2OSD " 651 15 9 11 1
*UR7CB " 120,945 370 34 122 9 YB3BLJ " 2,328 42 9 15 0
*EA3HKA " 27,974 194 16 49 6 *UR3AC " 114,413 336 38 123 8 YB9UA 7 6,188 95 17 24 11 *PY2UD 21 131,100 397 18 62 35
*EA5ICS " 19,602 126 17 61 3 *UTØCK " 112,996 347 30 125 9 YC2EEE " 4,318 82 11 22 1 *PX2M " 51,243 214 17 38 38
*EA3JW " 18,060 90 21 43 22 *UT7EJ " 98,908 312 36 122 0 *YC7YGR A 150,535 383 53 100 8 (OP: PY2XC)
*EB5CUZ " 17,658 110 21 59 1 *UR5TL " 97,128 308 31 98 5 *YB2MM " 120,909 371 39 80 4 *PU2WDX " 32,550 168 16 26 33
*EA1EWY " 15,631 101 16 54 7 *UY5TE " 90,528 333 29 108 1 *YB7WR " 65,296 231 32 62 12 *PU2TRX " 4,224 61 12 17 19
*EA3IAZ " 9,648 95 13 54 0 *UX1CL " 87,300 282 34 111 5 *YB4KRZ " 55,854 250 39 62 6 *PY2NY 14 299,744 756 25 61 50
*EA7VJ " 2,628 30 12 24 0 *UR5ZDZ " 82,490 286 35 107 4 *YB4FIK " 53,207 290 28 42 7 *PV8DX " 1,032 17 7 7 10
*EA1BDX 21 3,705 48 11 25 3 *UX1CN " 78,200 326 32 104 0 *YB2BNN " 46,610 171 38 80 0 *PP7DX 7 11,993 83 14 34 19
*EA7IA 14 36,279 202 15 48 24 *UR3VKE " 76,176 300 32 105 1 *YE7SPN " 41,062 229 32 58 8 PY2KJ AA 795,570 806 69 160 116
*EA3GOM " 19,341 145 9 36 18 *UR5EPV " 74,298 330 25 97 0 *YD7SAL " 30,108 168 29 45 4 PY2SHF " 409,510 546 74 140 96
*EA3OH " 10,556 96 11 33 8 *UT3IA " 62,408 288 25 90 1 *YC2GBS " 26,873 146 27 50 0 PY5ZHP " 184,867 343 57 87 79
*EA7CU 7 3,498 57 5 28 0 *UT7NI " 60,636 315 22 97 5 *YB1ELP " 25,487 147 23 54 0 PT2AW " 154,154 340 44 80 58
*EA4FJX 3.5 6,536 84 7 35 1 *UY5QJ " 46,095 193 26 70 9 *YC4KAR " 21,775 165 24 39 4 PY2NM " 4,346 47 20 29 4
EA1AKS AA 883,080 1251 56 182 92 *UT5UML " 44,426 240 17 80 0 *YB1BON " 14,508 93 20 42 0 PY2RKG 21A 5,828 49 14 24 9
EA1CJ " 501,696 976 41 133 60 *UT7MR " 43,491 229 22 87 0 *YCØBAS " 13,725 100 25 36 0 PY2VM 14A 168,474 476 23 58 48
EA1WS " 497,105 852 47 132 66 *UXØFF " 41,296 168 30 72 14 *YB2VYY " 13,456 102 21 37 0 ZX2V " 63,147 275 17 48 28
ED1MK " 398,658 752 41 142 64 *UT3UV " 35,535 171 29 83 3 *YD2DSV " 5,371 79 17 19 5 (OP: PY2XV)
(OP: EA1MK) *UR3QTN " 34,000 174 24 72 4 *YD2KJC " 5,243 68 18 26 5 PY7XC " 38,927 180 16 45 22
EA5FIV " 288,234 648 35 124 42 *UT4UQ " 20,605 168 13 52 0 *YC8MKA " 4,992 103 13 17 2 PY7KG " 7 7 3 4 0
EA5JX " 174,984 481 35 128 21 *UT5UHX " 20,124 120 24 62 0 *YCØRLX " 2,695 48 16 19 0 *PY2FRQ AA 159,594 286 47 86 68
EA3HWE " 92,463 340 27 114 6 *UT5UN " 20,111 100 25 58 8 *YDØSCZ " 1,365 31 8 12 1 *PY2CAT " 42,570 146 38 66 25
EA5GIE " 54,944 288 17 72 12 *UT8IA " 13,560 122 12 48 0 *YC1DAH " 575 45 10 12 3 *PR2E " 35,175 130 26 35 44
EA2OK " 34,656 135 20 35 41 *US5LOC " 12,224 105 16 48 0 *YB4AS " 546 41 16 26 0 (OP: PY2XIZ)
EA2DDE " 260 7 5 5 3 *UR3QQV " 11,210 104 14 45 0 *YB1EID " 360 32 9 11 0 *PU9OJZ " 10,075 91 19 23 23
EA1BD 14A 122,015 485 21 55 39 *US2E " 2,880 46 10 22 0 *YD1TJJ 21 1,173 24 10 13 0 *PY1SAD " 7,107 58 23 41 5
EA7ZY " 85,782 479 14 45 28 *UR2Y 14 202,750 753 24 66 35 *YE4IJ 14 10,272 78 13 34 1 *PY2UGO " 6,325 63 16 25 14
EA1VM " 10,860 77 11 20 29 (OP: USØYW) *YC1PZ " 3,103 49 12 17 0 *PY2TOP " 1,734 20 14 14 6
EB1DMQ " 858 29 6 20 0 *UT2EF " 51,408 286 15 60 9 *YB4VX " 207 11 4 5 0 *PU2UJG " 1,664 25 13 11 8
*EC7KW AA 283,465 557 55 153 37 *UT1AA " 33,654 296 14 54 3 *YC8MJG 7 13,684 149 15 18 11 *PU1MIL " 800 15 11 10 4
*EB1EB " 50,900 244 21 66 13 *UT5PQ " 21,080 146 13 49 6 *YC2BDL " 5,160 86 16 21 3 *PU2NAX " 130 9 6 7 0
*EF5Y " 44,196 157 32 78 17 *UX4CR " 18,585 150 14 45 4 *YC1NXR " 3,570 56 12 20 3 *PU2WAV " 20 2 2 2 0
(OP: EA5FR) *EO3Q " 13,112 140 6 24 14 *YCØVM " 2,744 67 10 18 0 *ZY2R 21A 207 17 4 5 0
*EA5/PA3GCU" 25,740 156 14 45 19 (OP: UR3QCW) *YC9ATS " 1,232 36 7 7 2 (OP: PY2SFA)
*EF3C 14A 49,686 243 15 44 32 *UR8QR " 748 17 9 8 0 *YB2UFM " 234 17 4 5 0 *PY4XX 14A 76,725 283 17 38 44
(OP: EA3CV) *US7KC 7 68,686 583 11 50 0 *YD7VGB " 180 11 4 4 1 *PY2VZ " 14,040 87 15 21 29
*EA2CCG " 17,420 114 12 28 27 *UR5ZEP " 19,195 174 10 45 0 *YC3ATK " 20 10 1 1 0 *PP2CC " 9,495 75 9 8 28
*EA5HJO " 12,939 119 12 40 5 *UT3QD " 13,860 111 14 46 0 YB7OO AA 97,342 340 41 70 8 *PS7DX " 54 3 3 3 0

Chile US4EXD " 950 34 4 15 0 Taiwan Philippines
CE3DNP 14 49,416 225 16 34 37 (OP: UT4EK) *BV2B 17,121 209 19 20 0 *4E3X 340,992 814 50 84 14
*CE3GCA A 8,925 85 23 28 24 US3IW " 260 10 3 10 0 *DX9EVM 41,317 216 28 46 5
*CA5GRF " 6,642 59 13 12 16 DH4HN " 8 4 1 3 0 Thailand
*CE7VPQ 14 61,382 244 20 35 39 E2X 565,616 944 59 165 8
*CE1LTL " 32,234 160 18 20 33 MM3AWD AA 429,624 864 35 166 33 SOUTH AMERICA
*CE3CBM 21A 29,273 149 16 23 34 IZ8JFL " 406,886 766 47 178 37 United Arab Emirates
*CA3KRM 7A 798 19 9 11 1 YU1LM " 194,928 530 37 128 21
Argentina
*A61EK 660,231 1148 36 158 15 *LW3DC 198,912 338 56 94 74
(OP: /QRP)
Colombia PE2K " 72,590 314 23 90 6 West Malaysia Chile
HK3C A 9,009 51 19 20 24 SV9/DJ9XB " 70,336 313 18 90 4 9M2TO 170,016 472 45 104 5 CE2LR 2,306,400 1678 93 229 174
HK6P 3.5 1,596 28 9 10 9 (OP: DJ9XB) *9M4CPS 363 17 5 6 0
*HK3W 14 1,917 26 6 6 15 R4WZ " 38,808 196 24 74 0
SFØA " 38,640 238 16 65 3
Ecuador (OP: SMØLPO) EUROPE MULTI-OPERATOR
JK1TCV " 38,418 135 45 55 14 TWO-TRANSMITTER
*HC1JQ 14 122,718 391 19 47 47
OK1NG " 35,280 207 18 72 0
Belarus
EW6W 1,705,440 1990 81 276 51
RA3DJA " 24,846 164 19 63 0 UNITED STATES
Paraguay UR5XMM " 3,648 48 13 25 0
*ZP5DNB A 308 17 9 11 2 Bulgaria K9CT 2,199,132 2745 88 189 204
YB6DE " 3,492 56 11 24 1 WØLSD 1,416,576 2125 80 164 190
*ZP6SKY 7 528 19 7 9 0 LZ5R 4,412,550 3451 111 361 103
PDØJMH " 1,288 30 7 21 0 W3GH 1,283,355 1967 67 158 170
JH3DMQ 28A 135 9 4 5 0 KØOO 1,011,528 1362 83 201 162
Suriname YP8A " 20 2 2 2 0
Croatia
*9A7T 1,079,568 1087 89 283 69 NW8S 960,514 1568 62 141 155
PZ5RA A 2,057,643 1795 70 174 155 (OP: YO8WW) KT7E 854,350 1576 70 111 169
*9A7B 63,099 292 25 98 0
E74EB " 6 3 1 1 0 NJ3I 826,595 1157 69 182 134
Uruguay JF1RYU " 6 1 1 1 0 N2PA 546,220 1256 52 113 145
CW4MAX 21 384,394 947 24 67 51 R7TU 21A 10,560 95 18 37 0
Czech Republic
OK7O 1,304,912 1649 68 243 71 K3CCR 367,030 691 59 130 100
*CX9AU A 94,860 209 48 56 66 HA3JB " 9,936 102 12 36 0 WM5DX 323,232 826 49 85 139
CV7S 21A 295,393 804 23 59 51 OK1KSL 1,220,959 1567 70 228 61
OT6M " 816 23 5 12 0 WA8MCD 205,933 576 42 84 91
(OP: CX7SS) *OK1RPL 18,900 136 16 54 5
(OP: ON9CC) K3ODX 39,825 155 33 58 44
CX5UA 7A 18,662 109 14 29 19 YR8Y " 697 19 6 11 0 W4CDA 3,127 56 11 10 32
CX4SS " 672 14 9 11 1 (OP: YO8WW)
Denmark
*OZ/DJ5LA 213,000 536 38 145 17
G5N " 12 2 1 2 0 NORTH AMERICA
Venezuela (OP: GØSBN) HQ9X 3,539,646 3072 97 213 221
OQ4B 14A 34,800 195 17 46 17
England
YW1K 14 581,664 1250 27 83 56 GØBRC 274,274 757 33 111 38 T43MY 352,500 778 56 91 135
(OP: YV1KK) (OP: ON4BHQ) COØCHE 298,452 642 42 89 97
*YV5EMG A 97,486 226 32 67 59 YU1RH " 15,060 124 10 38 12 T48SC 262,332 577 48 91 113
HA3HX " 14,365 100 13 39 13
Estonia
*YV5LMW " 4,836 38 18 27 7 *ES9C 465,740 781 70 209 13
*YV5TNT 21 32,200 172 15 25 30 YB1BD " 4,070 47 13 24 0
*YV5OIE 14 5,217 53 10 10 17 R6KEE " 4,025 58 9 25 1 AFRICA
*YY5AEP 7 48 4 3 4 1 YO8TND " 300 14 4 8 0 European Russia CR3DX 7,742,862 4474 106 331 169
*YV4NY 3.5 4,800 60 12 21 15 IZ7FLP 7A 155,788 663 21 73 22 District 3
YW6CQ AA 54,096 161 37 61 40 LZ3RR " 73,508 409 19 66 9 RK3SWS 182,596 485 51 138 2 ASIA
(OP: YV6BXN) HG6C " 24,384 207 15 44 5 RL3A 21,449 104 26 49 14 JT5DX 613,364 1278 62 171 3
YV4ABR 7A 17,892 104 14 35 22 (OP: HA6IAM) VR2CC 374,510 964 51 107 12
W4ER " 5,537 100 9 10 30 District 6 JA1ZGP 129,996 377 52 84 21
Z32ID " 12 5 3 3 0 *RY6Y 601,634 1227 49 189 15 BV2A/3 128,010 580 34 63 5
QRP OK6K 3.5A 24,424 298 6 37 0 *R7LY 14,734 158 9 44 0 JR1ZTI 26,481 147 37 52 8
DK7HA A 282,132 718 32 145 27 (OP: OK5IM)
K2YG " 143,154 411 35 80 83 IZ3IBL " 19,533 202 6 45 0 Finland EUROPE
YO9BCM " 156,816 454 29 121 2 UT8UU " 2,072 55 4 24 0 OG7ØAD 236,742 653 41 136 10 S5ØW 3,853,068 3167 101 344 102
W6QU " 122,040 370 53 57 106 JG1LFR " 700 60 3 4 3 LX7I 3,836,308 3242 94 323 112
(OP: W8QZA) JG3SVP " 639 64 3 4 2 France S51A 3,264,066 2962 99 327 96
UX2MF " 105,357 307 41 129 3 KB2HSH " 448 29 2 2 12 *TM6V 563,580 882 53 194 63 OMØM 3,030,318 3084 92 277 90
OK2FD " 91,670 243 39 119 20 *TM1D 100,548 333 34 126 11 IQ4FA 3,001,185 2732 94 323 100
RT4W " 86,944 318 33 109 1 DP7D 2,863,761 2718 92 320 87
OH2LU " 55,566 213 27 89 10 MULTI-OPERATOR Germany PI4COM 2,567,951 2484 88 311 88
HAØGK " 35,152 206 21 82 1 DA2X 1,402,167 1466 91 312 68 DP9A 2,430,490 2324 96 320 77
AA8OY " 33,579 201 25 35 63 SINGLE TRANSMITTER DLØZZ 47,190 230 23 88 10 EI7M 2,360,156 2546 77 268 86
RV3DBK " 23,384 161 14 60 0 NORTH AMERICA *DD1A 1,240,706 1495 76 258 60 DM4X 2,053,870 2063 89 287 79
EE2A " 22,873 127 20 67 2 *DQ4W 486,024 981 48 177 39 ED3M 1,531,020 1947 68 230 82
(OP: EA2SN) United States
District 1 *DG7RO 122,661 336 40 134 15 C37NL 1,346,630 2026 52 181 78
EA1GT " 16,644 103 19 53 4 *DLØHDB 8,784 96 10 37 1 ED2C 1,214,784 1854 66 204 72
(OP: /QRP) *W1QK 449,700 807 56 125 119
OU2PA 974,974 1747 55 204 27
NØUR " 16,170 140 21 24 53 Hungary PI4CG 528,192 1124 48 180 34
DJ3GE " 16,133 108 17 54 2 District 2
*K2OAK 57,354 219 34 59 65 HG7T 2,175,952 2001 98 316 82 LN5O 97,216 442 18 89 5
IK1XPK " 15,879 100 17 61 1
G4FPA " 14,322 107 13 53 0 Iceland
YT5DEY " 13,988 143 11 41 0 District 3
LA8OKA " 13,845 109 14 55 2 K3LR 2,563,484 2396 99 246 194 TF2R 113,280 487 17 78 23 MULTI-OPERATOR
IK5RUN " 13,280 74 17 51 12
YO4AAC " 12,920 89 19 49 0 District 4
IQ4FC
Italy
5,061,250 3404 118 374 133
MULTI-TRANSMITTER
WV4P 773,806 1262 73 148 153
N7RCS " 12,348 107 20 31 47
N4CW 581,236 923 66 146 119 IQ5ZP 344,608 763 42 168 32 UNITED STATES
G6EES " 11,041 93 13 48 0 IU2IBU 256,360 494 42 133 46 K1SFA 3,557,940 3266 95 268 207
YBØANN " 8,056 95 16 21 1 K2ADA 526,776 1111 49 111 122
W4MLB 294,555 924 57 83 129 IQ3PN 177,300 501 37 144 16 NR4M 2,191,132 2529 82 210 174
DL2DWP " 7,176 78 12 40 0 *IQ3RK 1,406,784 1554 81 282 68 N6WM 1,606,895 2267 91 152 202
EA4CU " 6,902 61 15 40 3 *IQ6SE 82,940 293 29 102 12
VE6BIR/3 " 5,978 53 15 19 27 District 5 NORTH AMERICA
IK2EBP " 3,588 35 14 27 5 *NA5NN 697,300 1204 73 150 157
Norway VE5RI 231,626 685 37 42 100
W6GMT " 3,087 65 9 7 33 LA1K 276,722 922 25 136 5
HK4KM " 666 23 14 17 6 District 6 AFRICA
DL8TG " 464 13 7 8 1 W6DR 397,210 785 70 96 148 Poland CR3W 5,753,769 4021 91 287 119
YL3FW " 252 11 6 8 0 SP6ØDXC 131,493 410 33 115 11
JE1ILP " 180 11 6 6 0 District 7 SP9KDA 105,952 355 36 106 12 ASIA
K7AHA " 96 6 3 4 5 W7WW 1,290,210 1903 91 158 186 *SP4YPB 418,470 776 62 206 22 A44A 1,079,664 1554 58 192 21
YO3LW 21 5,535 64 14 31 0 NA7TB 1,274,898 1872 85 161 185
JR1NKN " 5,148 62 15 18 0 KU1CW 1,057,968 1632 76 135 161 Portugal EUROPE
JR2EKD " 2,616 41 10 14 0 K7BTW 680,202 1465 65 110 143 *CS5CRE 1,167,790 1584 65 200 73 9A1A 7,068,236 4690 118 401 139
OK1LV " 2,430 44 7 20 0 K7RI 415,520 1155 56 73 136 HG1S 3,630,896 3163 99 324 91
LV4V " 1,378 21 10 9 7 *AE7K 1,344 37 15 14 19 Romania I3VRD 1,038,916 1349 71 220 67
UR1YDD " 684 21 4 14 0 YO3GNF 296,631 695 44 159 4
DL2TM " 448 16 4 10 0 District 9 *YO4KAK 4,995 50 15 30 0 OCEANIA
JA1GZK " 6 1 1 1 0 NV9L 1,606,688 1838 90 194 188 YB3ZBD 2,553 34 15 21 1
YU1NR 14 56,180 251 24 67 15 *W9JWC 165,536 497 45 70 109 Sicily
WE6EZ " 20,280 264 17 34 1 IQ9UI 2,267,136 2154 93 296 103
LY5G " 13,600 133 10 36 4 District Ø
RW3AI " 12,137 107 12 41 0 NØKE 238,600 894 46 63 91
*IT9BLB 2,189,763 1925 99 323 99
ROOKIE
UX8ZA " 9,315 113 10 35 0 KØDDD 37,536 179 35 39 62 Slovak Republic United States
II8MI " 7,728 69 11 26 11 OM4Q 696,942 1210 52 190 37 Dictrict 3
(OP: IW8EHK) Belize *OM3RJB 280,208 661 43 144 24 *KC3JNW 26,550 199 32 46 12
CO6WYR " 5,900 56 13 16 21 V31VP 1,587,476 1649 82 176 178 *OM3KSI 81,510 323 21 101 8 *KC3MIO 6,786 55 25 30 23
RA3XEV " 5,082 76 6 27 0
N8URE " 3,159 60 9 9 21 Canada Slovenia Dictrict 4
S54G " 1,950 27 8 12 10 District 3 S53S 3,222,804 2575 108 348 110 *AA4LS 180,075 538 47 84 114
RAØAY " 1,380 27 9 14 0 VA3LML 231,000 488 40 77 114 *W5MMW 46,500 175 40 56 59
IZ2JNN " 700 17 5 15 0 Spain *KN4LKC 41,540 174 28 52 54
N6HI " 380 22 4 3 13 District 7 ED1R 1,497,821 1860 70 225 82
YO8TRU " 338 11 4 8 1 VE7FO 131,804 386 38 45 83 EA1AP 304,470 703 40 112 47 Dictrict 5
EA3FHP " 189 10 4 5 0 *ED3D 334,740 806 38 144 28 *KK5JD 89,646 355 44 57 100
OK2VWB 7 37,572 301 12 49 1 Mexico *EE5O 120,879 577 19 102 0 *W5CUY 2,730 35 14 17 11
ON3DI " 31,689 259 9 45 9 *XE2N 14,874 118 18 17 39 *EA4URE 77,859 337 24 87 12
EW8G " 21,500 221 8 42 0 Dictrict 7
YO3DAC " 21,330 202 9 45 0 Sweden *K7AHA 96 6 3 4 5
CO8RCP " 20,264 153 10 23 35 AFRICA SK7K 242,172 603 36 117 33
KH6KG/W5 " 15,549 187 14 22 37 Dictrict 8
(OP: KH6KG/W5)
Canary Islands
*EA8DED 901,912 1188 47 172 77 Ukraine *AA8SW 44,998 231 33 41 75
PA2REH " 15,080 145 9 43 0 EM2Q 3,243,230 3209 98 316 64 *KE8LUE 312 24 4 3 17
UR7TV " 7,600 103 6 34 0
GW7APP " 6,342 80 6 35 1
ASIA UV2E 104,880 541 21 99 0
UT7AXA 2,482 34 10 24 0 Canada
R2FI " 4,726 78 5 29 0 Asiatic Russia *UR4RWW 19,008 137 12 60 0
CO6SRS " 2,288 48 10 12 22 District Ø Dictrict 4
*UR4PWC 16,352 123 14 58 1 *VE4TLA 8,220 67 14 13 33
OE5FDM " 1,534 31 7 18 1 *RØMM 9,225 110 17 20 4
CO2KY " 1,269 28 7 7 13
SM6IQD " 450 17 3 12 0 Asiatic Turkey OCEANIA ASIA
IZ2QKG " 408 16 4 13 0
YD1ILM " 126 12 3 3 0
*TC2Y 403,506 889 30 143 1 Australia China
CA3DPV " 102 6 3 3 0 *TA3LHH 48 8 1 7 0 VK4BRT 249,849 450 54 84 69 *BX2AGV 144 11 4 5 0
YD1GUE " 16 8 1 1 0
YT5YTT 3.5 17,342 198 7 38 1 China East Malaysia India
WD9FTZ " 5,265 119 7 6 32 *BH2RO 25,520 215 22 35 1 *9M4CRP/6 11,186 98 14 27 6 VU2ZMK 245,280 567 36 124 0
PAØAWH " 3,306 62 5 24 0
K3TW " 2,320 50 9 8 23 Japan Indonesia Japan
YT9WW " 1,968 49 4 20 0 District 2 7A1A 161,750 499 41 81 3 District 1
OK1MGW " 1,760 53 4 16 0 *JK2VOC 70,563 273 48 70 11 *7E1A 45,136 172 40 66 6 *JA1HFY 4,747 63 20 22 5

Lebanon *AI3KS 26,568 151 24 36 48 Costa Rica *G3RLE 94,080 331 26 102 12
*OD5ZF 146,200 614 18 58 9 *WA3AAN 12,720 86 20 29 31 *TI2OY 557,568 946 52 100 136 *G4DDL 86,256 293 27 102 15
*KB3LIX 5,076 61 10 16 28 *MØDHP 36,946 198 16 69 6
Thailand Mexico *GØMTN 33,252 162 20 74 8
HS5XWY 23,985 179 25 40 0 District 4 *M5M 10,148 96 13 44 2
*XE1H 10,304 99 11 12 33 (OP: G4OGB)
K4ADR 282,360 769 46 90 124
West Malaysia AC8Y 246,829 573 38 89 82 *M1G 874 30 6 13 0
9M2SAF 56,430 266 25 59 6 AD4TJ 81,337 281 34 56 73 Panama
9M2TDX 6,929 69 12 29 0 K4CV 15,624 100 20 35 29 *HP3SS 358,743 722 38 83 110 Estonia
9M2CDX 1,853 42 6 11 0 *NU4E 304,440 742 57 99 139 ES4RD 351,190 814 44 159 0
*KF4FC 117,384 369 40 66 95 AFRICA
*W3DQS 92,058 391 41 53 107 Ghana European Russia
EUROPE *W4LC 89,900 392 17 59 40 *9G2HO 39,096 196 15 42 15
*WA3LXD 78,126 299 33 62 79 District 1
Andorra (OP: 9G5SA) *RA1ALC 140,447 431 33 131 3
*C31MF 24,528 225 6 47 3 *AE4ED 61,586 414 17 39 50
*KM4FO 54,450 295 27 36 87 *RX1AG 27,625 164 20 65 0
Croatia *W4PJW 53,742 278 31 43 85 ASIA
*9A3LYL 5,600 72 5 35 0 *NF4J 30,246 179 31 42 69 District 3
*NN4RB 29,500 138 31 47 47 Asiatic Russia R3GZ 57,090 257 24 73 13
England *K8ARY 25,630 127 23 43 44 District 9 *RV3ZN 224,812 568 40 153 3
*WF7T 19,320 110 26 34 45 RG9A 1,192,288 1447 66 230 0 *R3VL 117,312 406 30 108 3
*2EØFNU 38,896 193 19 79 6 RA9AEA 2,275 37 9 16 0
*AA5JF 17,784 104 30 39 45 *RU5X 98,106 312 35 128 3
*2EØXRD 2,535 76 9 24 6 *RZ9AD 303,780 638 33 133 0
*NC4MI 13,392 100 23 28 42 *RX3VF 59,280 269 23 97 0
*WC4T 11,205 116 16 18 49 *RW3DY 10,295 90 22 49 0
European Russia
District 1 *WN4AFP 6,912 100 9 17 28 District Ø
*R1CAV 1,118 21 9 17 0
*RØJD 33,453 278 23 36 0 District 4
District 5 *RAØWHE 17,226 122 19 39 0 R4OF 143,370 456 39 123 0
N5RZ 160,400 504 43 62 95 *UAØSU 14,484 78 24 44 0 *RA4CON 128,772 490 28 118 0
District 3 *RA4L 6,981 100 7 32 0
*R2PU 72,416 295 26 98 0 N5TF 1,749 43 8 9 16
*UB3PDW 52,488 270 18 90 0 N5ATM 1,728 46 7 7 22 India *R4FCJ 3,360 60 8 34 0
*NN5T 154,784 450 49 74 101 VU2YQ 15,778 126 12 38 0 *R4LZ 1,140 25 7 13 0
*R3NAM 780 24 5 15 0
*WB5BHS 109,395 503 31 39 117
District 4 *K5IB 84,422 311 41 56 94 Japan District 6
*NK5P 76,109 356 42 50 95 District 1 UA6CE 255,045 813 29 93 25
RA4HL 1,736 34 9 22 0
*NM5Z 14,652 124 23 24 52 JH1CTV 46,098 182 44 62 11 *R7MM 343,294 733 50 165 11
*W5TD 5,460 58 18 20 27 *RA6LIS 32,648 303 14 41 1
District 6 JA1QOW 36,480 139 33 50 12
*R6CC 28,755 214 15 54 2
*RJ7J 9,750 104 12 38 0 JR1NHD 7,203 56 15 29 5
District 6 JK1LUY 465 13 6 9 0 *RW6APC 12,261 109 19 48 0
Finland N6JV 338,640 917 52 65 138 *JS1KKY 26,600 115 35 50 10
*OG8T 57,132 206 26 107 5 N3RC 256,486 805 48 69 140 *JA1IE 13,124 110 28 30 10 District 9
(OP: OH8TV) NN6XX 190,292 649 48 53 125 *JR1AQI 7,020 60 18 26 8 *R9FBT 23,954 222 10 49 0
NN6DX 148,730 437 49 70 95 *JF1WCK 5,712 66 21 26 1
Germany (OP: W1PR) *JN1BBO 3,960 49 19 22 4 Finland
*DK9BM 31,372 179 18 68 6 K6TD 143,520 456 38 51 95 *JR7KVA/1 84 10 3 3 0 *OH1SIC 46,866 217 23 83 1
*DJ5CT 23,205 169 21 78 6 W6JBR 66,990 290 38 43 73 *JQ1PCT 70 4 3 4 0 (OP: SM5SIC)
*DN5HR 8,700 64 21 37 2 WA6URY 19,203 135 28 29 54 *JA1GZK 6 1 1 1 0 *OH2EUU 24,960 140 22 70 4
*DC6MT 667 25 7 16 0 AI6O 12,880 113 19 18 55 *OH1NOA 20,336 134 17 63 2
*DH4HN 8 4 1 3 0 W6RKC 10,240 83 17 20 27 District 2 *OH2MAS 2,958 51 9 25 0
*KF6RY 24,210 185 19 31 40 JR2ALA 1,403 23 9 12 2
Greece (OP: W6ZL) *JE2BOM 33,708 129 43 59 4 France
*SV8OVH 120,733 418 35 122 0 *WK6I 19,608 105 37 33 44 *JA2JNC 11,550 100 19 27 4 *F4FRC 52,416 251 22 90 5
*K6BIR 18,315 134 24 26 49
Iceland *N5YJZ 18,117 147 20 20 59 District 3
*TF1OL 276 21 4 7 1 *W6RQ 11,745 105 23 24 40 Germany
JA3QOS 35,908 169 37 53 4 DJ3NG 410,592 904 33 127 48
*WU6K 6,440 68 20 19 31 JH3QFY 17,952 103 23 35 10
Italy *N6OPE 6,120 93 20 18 34 DL1DTL 319,152 652 48 167 29
*JH3SIF 13,034 111 18 31 0 DL5LED 107,682 440 25 98 8
*IU5ICR 119,808 391 27 108 21 *N6BHX 2,816 38 14 12 18 *JA3HKR 612 15 8 9 0
*IU1LCU 10,890 83 15 41 10 DL7ØAFUG 98,940 279 36 111 23
*II8MI 7,728 69 11 26 11 District 7 (OP: DF8QB)
WU6W 131,242 488 40 46 125
District 4 DK5OS 71,511 280 24 75 22
(OP: IW8EHK) *JH4FUF 11,026 68 31 38 5
K7LFY 104,493 453 40 46 97 DL4ABR 26,560 142 20 53 10
*JN4JGK 2,088 32 12 13 4 DL7LX 6,670 59 17 41 0
Netherlands K7VIC 67,828 397 21 30 73
*PA4R 11,760 91 15 52 3 N7XCZ 161 17 6 5 12 *DK1KC 212,553 496 40 147 22
*PA4J 6,321 63 10 33 6 *KC7CM 48,860 257 32 30 78 District 5 *DL3SYA 157,699 448 33 132 14
*PDØMWG 4,059 52 11 28 2 *K7HKR 44,968 208 31 37 78 *JG5DHX 252 8 7 7 0 *DL5KUD 149,952 441 35 134 7
*N7DB 44,070 240 33 36 61 *DL2OE 148,010 359 45 136 24
Poland *K7AZT 37,884 199 31 31 70 District 6 *DL1EAL 85,840 280 30 105 13
*SP9KB 39,000 202 20 79 1 *K7MY 14,342 104 24 24 53 *JE6JNC 25,668 106 35 49 9 *DL6SFR 82,940 266 31 100 14
*SQ8W 17,116 207 7 37 0 *KG7VIZ 12,996 143 16 15 45 *JA6BCV 25,434 113 26 42 13 *DF1MM 54,976 483 8 54 2
*N7FG 12,367 96 25 26 32 *DL5RMH 40,492 205 20 86 0
Serbia *KF7R 4,606 77 10 10 29 District 7 *DL8ZAJ 26,316 120 26 69 7
*YU4SMT 5,203 98 8 35 0 *K7JSG 858 31 6 5 11 *DL2LDE 10,010 65 16 33 16
*JA7KQC 88 5 5 5 1 *DL1EJD 9,752 91 12 40 1
District 8 *DJ7UC 8,670 81 11 37 3
District 8 *DM4AB 4,900 60 13 37 0
OCEANIA K8RCT 117,208 393 34 66 96 JA8DNV 9,288 54 27 34 11 *DL9ZWG 4,140 47 13 30 3
Australia K8MM 44,640 237 17 39 40
*VK3BWM 350 11 5 4 5 W8TOM 27,927 257 17 23 47 District 9
*AA8OY 33,579 201 25 35 63 *JA9EJG 5,616 56 22 22 4
Greece
Indonesia *N8URE 3,159 60 9 9 21 *SV1MO 4,200 49 11 25 4
*YFØTUR 278,160 560 56 124 10 *SV2/SV7CUD 396 15 6 12 0
*YC7YGR 150,535 383 53 100 8
District Ø (OP: SV7CUD)
District 9 *JRØBNF 4,371 39 22 21 4
*YD7SAL 30,108 168 29 45 4 WI9WI 392,000 987 42 78 125
*YC2GBS 26,873 146 27 50 0 AC9KW 101,579 388 23 47 87 Kazakhstan Hungary
*YC8MJG 13,684 149 15 18 11 KZ9DX 29,532 171 24 41 42 *UN7PGA 150,500 491 33 92 0 *HAØGK 35,152 206 21 82 1
*YD2DSV 5,371 79 17 19 5 *K9CW 135,876 396 36 65 100 *UN7ZAF 138,450 383 29 101 0
*YCØRLX 2,695 48 16 19 0 *WD9CIR 95,352 391 30 49 95
*YB1EID 360 32 9 11 0 Italy
*WB8BZK 30,607 196 25 28 74 Mongolia I4JED 838,572 1202 54 170 74
*YG3FZR 308 21 5 5 1 *W9LU 14,616 150 13 18 41 *JT1PB 180 11 5 5 0 IK7NXU 306,270 591 47 175 24
*W9AKS 9,462 152 8 7 42 IK1BPL 174,834 436 39 134 25
SOUTH AMERICA *KB9S 7,560 104 10 11 39 IX1CLD 170,868 472 33 122 19
*K9QJ 5,538 61 22 17 39 Taiwan
Argentina BV1EK 23,821 107 29 52 2 IV3ARJ 168,004 398 38 132 24
*KC9YL 4,346 65 13 11 29 IK2SND 122,310 372 26 92 33
*LU1YJG 1,012 22 9 10 4
IV3VBM 114,741 341 37 120 14
District Ø United Arab Emirates IZØHAP 85,536 304 32 104 8
Brazil *AEØEE 80,703 327 38 43 108 A65DR 178,623 718 20 65 4 IK2AHB 12,765 77 16 37 16
*PY2FRQ 159,594 286 47 86 68 *WAØLJM 52,920 259 32 42 73 (OP: G7SLP) IK6FTZ 10,550 102 10 25 15
*ZY2R 207 17 4 5 0 *WO7U 19,436 143 23 23 67 *IK1RGK 209,805 520 38 121 38
(OP: PY2SFA) *KI6DY 15,184 131 17 23 33 *IK2RZG 170,625 396 36 116 43
Chile
*WØPI 9,849 97 14 27 26 EUROPE *IW2MXY 166,860 476 34 133 13
*W3ZF 3,172 62 12 10 30 Belarus *IWØGYC 111,573 340 32 119 10
*CA3DPV 102 6 3 3 0 *NYØJ 1,845 48 9 6 26 EW8OM 201,960 557 37 142 1 *IZ5IMB 88,350 271 30 101 24
*EU1FQ 49,374 180 29 81 7 *IW4EJK 51,272 197 24 70 22
Venezuela Barbados *EU6A 44,733 200 24 84 3 *I2BZN 35,952 178 22 84 1
*YY5AEP 48 4 3 4 1
*8P2K 58,656 263 13 44 39 *IZ3XNJ 35,752 140 24 63 22
Belgium *IK8ARF 30,192 147 29 76 6
Belize *ON4CT 588,848 925 62 201 41 *IK2YSJ 24,598 140 20 77 1
CLASSIC *V31MA 34,279 192 13 34 36 *ON2CQ 100,827 351 28 109 16 *IK7RVY 22,125 176 16 43 16
United States *OPØJ 13,948 174 5 39 0 *IK6BSN 22,008 118 21 52 11
District 1 Canada (OP: ON5GF) *IV3XPP 21,093 143 18 57 4
*AE1P 159,570 433 35 73 89 *IU1HCC 17,728 123 12 39 13
District 1 Bulgaria *IU1FHJ 14,620 116 15 53 0
*AB1J 60,144 271 17 56 39 *VA1XH 189,222 426 30 84 69
*W1DYJ 54,165 203 33 61 63 *LZ2HT 8,967 70 17 42 2 *IK2AOO 12,444 108 14 47 0
*N1RDN 19,200 109 24 42 30 *I8IEQ 12,040 87 17 52 1
District 2 Crete *IK2IKW 11,696 86 18 50 0
*K3SSS 4,503 58 15 18 24 *VE2BVV 246,962 545 29 77 88
(OP: @W1/CHAPLIN) *SV9FBK 10,164 120 8 34 2 *IK7XNF 9,672 86 11 26 15
*VE2NCG 143 7 4 7 0 *IW2JRV 8,533 74 10 32 11
*K1CGZ 3,350 39 15 19 16
*IZØTWI 1,876 47 5 23 0
District 3 Czech Republic *I1DXD 513 11 8 11 0
District 2 VE3GYL 337,550 688 37 89 89 OK2SFP 20,580 301 4 31 0
N2YBB 70,818 306 18 61 32 VA3MW 70,890 246 19 46 74 *OK1LO 6,250 71 12 31 7
*W2JV 76,560 300 21 57 42 VA3WW 56,290 205 29 47 54 *OK1LV 2,430 44 7 20 0 Lithuania
*KC2WUF 58,212 213 35 56 63 *VE3DZ 755,582 1035 57 119 137 *LY1D 16,566 122 16 45 5
*NS2N 37,639 167 32 45 56 *VE3BR 154,544 363 43 73 92 Denmark
*W2VTV 23,630 199 14 32 39 *KØMKL/VE3 44,010 157 27 39 69 *OZ1AOO 52,241 222 23 94 2 Macedonia
*N2MUN 22,320 121 21 42 30 (OP: KØMKL) *5Q5R 13,398 113 12 43 3 *Z35Z 9,288 95 10 43 1
*N2CU 19,800 103 21 42 36 *VE3RUA 3,828 43 10 8 26 *OZ1LFI 6,300 65 15 34 1
*KS2G 10,850 109 12 25 25 Netherlands
District 6 England *PG1R 36,408 165 23 73 15
District 3 *VE6SPS 6,390 74 8 7 30 G3T 133,110 380 33 118 23 *PBØACU 23,532 159 15 49 10
W3RGA 383,625 859 52 108 119 (OP: G3VGZ) *PA3ADU 17,712 111 20 55 7
KG4USN 16,262 106 21 35 38 District 7 GØMGM 22,357 127 16 44 19 *PC5D 12,608 103 12 50 2
N3MWQ 3,036 48 12 15 17 *VE7BC 71,375 280 27 28 70 *GØFGI 116,808 357 26 112 19 *PA2VS 10,971 102 10 43 0

5*$¶VDQWHQQDIDUP,QVHW8UL5*$ZRQWKH&ODVVLFRYHUOD\
what’s new *LA5LJA

*LA8OKA
Norway
201,310
13,845
Poland
456
109
43 145
14 55
17
2
*US7KC
*UR5TL
*UT7NI
*UT1AM
*UT4UQ
*US5LOC
68,686
68,072
60,636
22,992
20,605
12,224
583
241
315
266
168
105
11 50
31 98
22 97
6 42
13 52
16 48
0
5
5
0
0
0
SP7AH 161,304 509 35 116 5 *UX2MF 105,357 307 41 129 3
Pasternack Launches New Class AB High Power SP5DL
*SP9H
50,211
290,410
425
628
9 53
43 161
1
22
*UX8ZA
*UR1YDD
9,315
684
113
21
10 35
4 14
0
0
Amplifiers *HF1ØØPS 84,940 318 26 105 6
(OP: SP9CXN) Wales
*SP1DMD 27,115 161 18 56 11
3DVWHUQDFNKDVODXQFKHGDQHZVHULHVRIKLJKSRZHUFODVV$% *SP6DMI 14,300 127 12 35 5
MW2I 727,536 1254 50 182 44
(OP: GW4FRE)
*SP8CGU 10,440 76 19 39 2
EURDGEDQGDPSOLILHUPRGXOHVWKDWLQFRUSRUDWH*D1/'026 *SP9BGS 4,212 51 7 23 6 *MW6M 119,970 400 26 116 13
*SP9EZM 3,706 53 9 23 2 (OP: GW4BVJ)
RU 9'026 VHPLFRQGXFWRU WHFKQRORJ\ 3DVWHUQDFN RIIHUV D *SP9MDY 792 31 5 13 0 *GW4HBK 5,412 59 9 27 5
*SP9KJU 629 16 6 11 0
VHOHFWLRQRIQHZDPSOLILHUVWKDWFRYHUIUHTXHQF\EDQGVIURP (OP: SP9MDY)
*GW7APP 6,342 80 6 35 1
0+]WR*+]WKDWIHDWXUHVDWXUDWHGRXWSXWSRZHUOHYHOV Portugal
OCEANIA
UDQJLQJIURPZDWWVWRZDWWVDQGSRZHUJDLQXSWR *CT7AUP 130,350 398 29 100 29 Indonesia
*CS25FOQ 24,948 104 24 52 23 YC2HML 37,114 236 28 46 3
G%'HVLJQVRSHUDWHLQDRKPHQYLURQPHQWDQGDUHXQFRQ *CT7AIX 24,820 132
(OP: CT1FOQ)
14 36 23
YC2EEE
*YD1TJJ
4,318
1,173
82
24
11
10
22
13
1
0
GLWLRQDOO\VWDEOH7KHFRPSDFWFRD[LDOSDFNDJHVXVH60$RU *YC3ATK 20 10 1 1 0
Romania
17\SH FRQQHFWRUV DQG KDYH LQWHJUDWHG '6XE FRQWURO FRQ YPØC 636,225 1208 52 170 33 New Zealand
(OP: YO3CZW) ZM1A 138,645 434 26 47 44
QHFWRUV IRU '& ELDV HQDEOHG ZLWK 77/ ORJLF FRQWURO FXUUHQW *YO2IS 40,125 271 13 47 15 (OP: ZL3CW)
*YO9CWY 27,936 198 12 50 10 *ZL2AYZ 41,503 139 39 63 19
VHQVHDQGWHPSHUDWXUHVHQVHIXQFWLRQV *YO5OHY 23,184 256 6 42 0
*YO9BCM 118,864 405 29 121 2 Philippines
7KHVHUXJJHGDVVHPEOLHVRSHUDWHRYHUDZLGHWHPSHUDWXUH *4F3BZ 102,290 349 39 63 4
UDQJHIURP&WR&DQGFDQZLWKVWDQGUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\ Sardinia
*ISØGVH 18,615 138 16 56 1
H[SRVXUHXSWRPD[LPXP7RHQVXUHRSWLPXPEDVHSODWH SOUTH AMERICA
Serbia Argentina
WHPSHUDWXUH3DVWHUQDFNRIIHUVWZRQHZKHDWVLQNPRGXOHVZLWK YT2AAA 66,783 291 25 80 8 L77D 18,585 114 14 25 24
*YT9WW 1,968 49 4 20 0 (OP: LU6DC)
'&FRQWUROOHG FRROLQJ IDQV WKDW DUH VSHFLILFDOO\ GHVLJQHG IRU
WKHVHSRZHUDPSOLILHUV Slovak Republic Brazil
*OM2DT 59,784 203 34 91 16 *PP7DX 11,993 83 14 34 19
3DVWHUQDFN¶V QHZ FODVV $% KLJK SRZHU DPSOLILHUV DQG *OM5NL 47,573 203 21 71 21 *PU7ASP
*PU2TRX
6,588
4,224
56
61
22
12
26
17
13
19
KHDWVLQNV DUH LQVWRFN DQG DYDLODEOH IRU LPPHGLDWH VKLSSLQJ S53TM
Slovenia
172,569 628 24 66 33
*PY2OSD 651 15 9 11 1
ZLWKQRPLQLPXPRUGHUTXDQWLW\UHTXLUHG)RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ *S55BA
*S57SWR
137,788
92,456
493
386
26 111
26 101
11
0
Chile
*CE1LTL 32,234 160 18 20 33
FRQWDFW 3DVWHUQDFN )LWFK ,UYLQH &$ 3KRQH *CA5GRF 6,642 59 13 12 16
Spain
:HEVLWHZZZSDVWHUQDFNFRP! EA1DA 272,889 515 47 146 50 Colombia
EF1C 93,656 507 16 56 20 HK3C 9,009 51 19 20 24
EA2KU 38,056 304 9 44 14
EA5DFV 36,380 164 15 39 31 Uruguay
EA7AQV 19,236 125 17 54 13 *CX9AU 94,860 209 48 56 66
*EA3GCT 115,675 308 32 115 28
*EA4CRP 71,136 262 29 96 19
*EA4DXP 58,650 205 30 99 9 Venzuela
*EA7IA 36,279 202 15 48 24 *YV5TNT 32,200 172 15 25 30
*EA1IYK 35,310 172 23 76 11
*EA3GOM
*EA1BDX
19,341
3,705
145
48
9 36
11 25
18
3 CHECK LOGS
*EE2A 22,873 127 20 67 2 3Z6O, 9A4WY, 9A6TT, AB5XM, CX2AQ, DDØVS, DD7CW,
(OP: EA2SN) DG1RZH, DG7EAO, DK3GG, DK6IM, DL1BWM, DL2BQV,
*EA4CU 6,902 61 15 40 3 DL3FBB, DL3KVR, DL4CF, DL4ZBY, DL6FCK, DL7VEE,
DM5DX, E75IBH, E75RML, EA3CS, EA3GBA, EA3NY, EA5NB,
EA7HAB, EI8KF, EU4E, F5SJC, F6EKX, GØORH, G3VQO,
Sweden GM4UQG, HA1VHF, HA8BQ, HS6MYW, I1NVU, I8JIT,
*SF1Z 117,859 419 26 116 7 II8RACS, IK2FDV, IK2LOL, IK2SBB, IK2WSO, IK8NBE,
(OP: SMØHEV) IU4LGT, IV3IXN, IW1QN, JH1QDB, JP3BEE, JS1IFK, JS3CTQ,
KØDY, K1SX, KA5Z, KZ4KX, LY4OO, LZ1YF, LZ8E, MØIPU,
Switzerland N5KXI, N6FUB, N7ELB, OK1DWC, OK1FAK, OK1ITK, OK1MP,
*HB9MXY 40,810 201 22 80 4 OK2BHD, OK2BZ, OK2EQ, OK2PAD, OZ6TL, PC1EMR, PI4CC,
PP6ZZ, R5AJ, R7RC, RAØQD, RAØR, RA3FD, RA3ICK, RL4F,
Ukraine RN4CA, RU7K, RW4CLF, RW4NN, S52DD, S57DX, SO3O,
UR5WCQ 293,112 642 43 143 30 SP2MHD, SP2MKT, SP6GCU, SP9CVY, SP9JZT, SQ8L,
UT2AU 208,715 621 32 137 0 SV1XV, SV2HXV, SV3QUP, SV9FBG, SV9FBP, TF3VS,
UR8RF 5,425 98 4 27 0 UA1WBV, UA3ON, UA6JQ, UN6G, US5EEK, VU2PTT,
*UT3SO 173,548 530 34 129 9 VU2SMS, W2BAP, WA1SXK, WA3FRP, WA6GD, WD5HJF,
*UR3VKE 76,176 300 32 105 1 YC9DRB, YL5X.

ADVERTISERS’ INDEX
MARCH 2020
Advertiser Page Phone Website

100 Watts & A Wire .............................96................................................www.100WATTSANDAWIRE.COM
Advanced Specialties Inc.................27 ...........201-VHF-2067.............www.advancedspecialties.net
Air Boss — Innovative Tech................67 ...........252-249-0287..............www.kr4loairboss.com
AlasKit ..................................................96 ...........907-488-0483..............http://alaskit.co
Alinco...................................................47 ...........209-900-1296..............www.alinco.com
Amateur Radio Roundtable .............75 ...........901-570-2188..............www.W5KUB.com
Buddipole Antennas ..........................33 ...........503-591-8001..............www.buddipole.com
CQ Merchandise ..............69,97, Cov III ...........516-681-2922..............http://store.cq-amateur-radio.com
CW Easy/Success Easy ......................39 ...........561-302-7731..............www.success-is-easy.com
Communications Concepts, Inc. .....61 ...........937-426-8600..............www.communication-concepts.com
Cutting Edge Enterprises ...................27 ...........831-427-8197..............www.powerportstore.com
EZ Hang................................................27 ...........304-856-1026..............www.ezhang.com
Electric Radio Magazine ...................39 ...........720-924-0171..............www.ermag.com
HamTestOnline....................................27 ...........888-857-6164..............www.hamtestonline.com
Icom America Inc.........................Cov II................................................www.icomamerica.com
International DX Association.............80................................................www.indexa.org
KJI Electronics .....................................39 ...........973-571-1930..............www.kjielectronics.com
LDG .................................................56,57 ...........410-586-2177..............www.ldgelectronics.com
Mastwerks............................................45 ...........503-372-6474..............www.mastwerks.com
Nuts & Volts..........................................42 ...........877-525-2539..............www.nutsvolts.com
Pacific Antenna..................................67................................................www.qrpkits.com
PowerPort ............................................27 ...........831-427-8197..............www.powerportstore.com
preciseRF .............................................87 ...........503-915-2490..............www.preciserf.com
QCWA..................................................75 ...........352-425-1097..............www.qcwa.org
RF Parts ................................................23 ...........800-921-4834..............www.rtsystems.com
RT Systems ........................................9,61 ...........800-921-4834..............www.rtsystems.com
REACT Int’l ...........................................50 ...........301-316-2900..............www.REACTintl.org
SteppIR Communication Systems ......1 ...........425-453-1910..............www.steppir.com
SwapMyRig .........................................39 ...........850-385-3769..............www.swapmyrigs.com
Tashjian Towers....................................67 ...........559-834-4300..............www.tashtowers.com
W2IHY Technologies ...........................95 ...........845-889-4253..............www.w2ihy.com
W5SWL...................................................67.................................................www.W5SWL.com
W7DXX Remote....................................95.................................................www.w7dxx.com
YLRL ......................................................48................................................www.ylrl.org
Yaesu .................................6,7,21,Cov IV ...........714-827-7600..............www.yaesu.com
/HW&4 KHOS\RXJHWWKHPRVWIRU\RXUDGYHUWLVLQJGROODU
Contact Dottie K, CQ’s Advertising Director
at 516-681-2922 x 106 or via email at ads@cq-amateur-radio.com
HAMSHOP
$GYHUWLVLQJ5DWHV1RQFRPPHUFLDODGVDUHFHQWVSHUZRUGLQFOXGLQJDEEUHYLDWLRQVDQGDGGUHVVHV&RPPHUFLDODQGRUJDQL]DWLRQDGVDUH
SHUZRUG%ROGIDFHZRUGVDUHHDFKVSHFLI\ZKLFKZRUGV0LQLPXPFKDUJH1RDGZLOOEHSULQWHGXQOHVVDFFRPSDQLHGE\IXOO
UHPLWWDQFH$OODGVPXVWEHW\SHZULWWHQGRXEOHVSDFHG
&ORVLQJ'DWH7KHWKGD\LQWKHWKLUGPRQWKSUHFHGLQJGDWHRISXEOLFDWLRQH[DPSOH-DQWKIRUWKH0DUFKLVVXH%HFDXVHWKHDGYHUWLVHUV
DQGHTXLSPHQWFRQWDLQHGLQ+DP6KRSKDYHQRWEHHQLQYHVWLJDWHGWKH3XEOLVKHURI&4 FDQQRWYRXFKIRUWKHPHUFKDQGLVHOLVWHGWKHUHLQ7KH
SXEOLVKHUUHVHUYHVWKHULJKWWRUHMHFWDQ\DGYHUWLVHPHQW'LUHFWDOOFRUUHVSRQGHQFHDQGDGFRS\WR &4 +DP6KRS:HVW-RKQ6WUHHW+LFNVYLOOH
1< ID[HPDLOKDPVKRS#FTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP!
:DQWHG 2OG VOLGH UXOHV IRU SHUVRQDO FROOHFWLRQ 6HQG +20(%5(: ³5HFROOHFWLRQVRID5DGLR5HFHLYHU´DSDJH 1($7 678)) ':0&RPPXQLFDWLRQVKWWSTWKFRPGZP!
LQIRWRGEBFXQQLQJKDP#KRWPDLOFRP ERRN RQ +%5 KRPHEUHZ UHFHLYHUV GHOLYHUHG H%RRN RQ
&'520'HWDLOVZZZZKKWFRP! +$0 5$',2 *,)76ZZZPDLQHVWRUHFRP!
0RUVH&RGHRQD&'-XVWZDQW$WR=DQG=HURWRLQ
FRGHRQO\&RQWDFW5RQDOG.'):& ';3(',7,21'9' 9,'(26 )RUIXOOGHVFULSWLRQDQGKRZWR :$17(' 2/' 46/ &$5' &2//(&7,216 &ROOHFWRUVHHNV
RUGHUZZZNXHHFRPGYG! 86 ';FDUGV:95./DLUG7HUUDFH6RPHUVHW1-
$0(&2$&',< .LWVZZZWKHQHZDPHFRFRP HPDLOWSOOUV#FRPFDVWQHW!
$506 ±$PDWHXU5DGLR0LVVLRQDU\1HW&KULVWLDQ)HOORZVKLS
$IIRUGDEOH&XVWRP$QWHQQD'HVLJQZZZDQWEXLOGFRP 1HW (YHU\RQH :HOFRPH 'DLO\ H[FHSW 6XQGD\ 7(/(*5$3+.(<,1)250$7,21$1'+,6725<086(
±=±+U'67:HEVLWHZZZTVOQHWDUPV 80 KWWSZWSFRP!
5HFRJQL]HWKHVLJQDWXUH&:VRXQGVRIRYHUZRUGV
6WDUWWRUHDGZKROHZRUGVVHQWLQIDVW0RUVHFRGH 9257(;$17(11$ 6<67(06 VSHFLDOLVWLQ+)DQG9+)KLJK )7$1' +&8&5<67$/6ZZZDINFRP
KWWSVZZZKHDUFZZRUGVFRP SHUIRUPDQFHDQWHQQDV<DJLVDQG'HOWD/RRSV/LQHDU/RDGHG
DQGP$UUD\V2:$$UUD\VEHVSRNHLQGLYLGXDOGHVLJQ 2/'46/V$YDLODEOH ¶VDQG¶V';DQG86$6SHFLI\
<DHVX )7' +)9+)8+) *UHDW PRELOH ULJ ZLWK VROXWLRQV $QWHQQD UHODWHG KDUGZDUH :H VKLS ZRUOGZLGH FDOOVHQG6$6(:64$#DUUOQHW
PDQXDOLQWHUQDONH\HUDQGPLNH LQFOXGLQJ1RUWK$PHULFDZZZYRUWH[DQWHQQDVFRXN!RUE\
HPDLOWRHQTXLULHV#YRUWH[DQWHQQDVFRXN! 5), )LOWHUVZZZ5)FKRNHFRP!
5)&211(&7256 *$'*(763DUWV3URGXFWV
DQG0RUHZZZ:6:/FRP ³:RUOGRI.H\V±.H\V,,,´ ERRNIHDWXUHVKLJKO\GHWDLOHGYLHZV 627$ %($06KWWSZZZVRWDEHDPVFRXN!*&:
DQGSKRWRVRINH\VEXJVDQGSDGGOHVOLNHIHZSHRSOHKDYH
.H\FKDLQ453:RUOGV6PDOOHVW+)7UDQVPLWWHU+DQGPDGH HYHUVHHQ$OVRVWLOODYDLODEOH³.H\V,,´ DQG³453
LQWKH86$ZZZELWO\.H\FKDLQ453! &5$1.$:$77 3RZHU 0RUH YLD .(1<6 9LVLW ZZZ
5RPSV´ SOXV³<RXU*XLGHWR+))XQ´ $YDLODEOH )DFWRU5HDG\FRP!
IURPGHDOHUVQDWLRQZLGH
*(7 7+( )&& ³&200(5&,$/´ 5$',27(/(3+21(
/,&(16()DVWLQH[SHQVLYHKRPHVWXG\FRXUVH&RPPDQG )079 $57,&/(6 &RPSUHKHQVLYH WUDQVPLWWHU DQG UHFHLYHU
3$&.(75$',2$1'025(-RLQ7$35FRQQHFWZLWKWKH GHYLDWLRQFDOLEUDWLRQVWDQGDUGVLQWHUPRGXODWLRQSRZHUDPSOL
3URGXFWLRQV ZZZ/LFHQVH7UDLQLQJFRP )UHH LQIR ODUJHVWDPDWHXUUDGLRGLJLWDOJURXSLQWKH86&UHDWRUVRIWKH
ILHUFDOFXODWLRQV:%240KWWSPDWKLVRQIUHHVKHOORUJ
71&VWDQGDUGZRUNLQJRQ6RIWZDUH'HILQHG5DGLRWHFKQRO
RJ\%HQHILWVQHZVOHWWHUVRIWZDUHGLVFRXQWVRQNLWVDQGSXE :DQQD KDP LQ WKH &$<0$1 ,6/$1'6"´ *R WR ZZZ
1(9(5KDYHDQRWKHUIDXO\SDWFKFDEOHSDJHSKRWRLOOXV OLFDWLRQV )RU PHPEHUVKLS SULFHV VHH WKH 7$35 ZHEVLWH
WUDWHGPDQXDOGHWDLOVDUHYROXWLRQDU\SURFHGXUHIRUDVVHPEOLQJ PDUW\NDLVHUFRPDKWP!
KWWSZZZWDSURUJ!
IDLOXUHSURRI FRD[LDO FDEOH SDWFKHV SRVWSDLG 86
IRUJHLJQ 5: 3DUNHU 6OHHS\ +ROORZ 5RDG ZZZ6HFRQG+DQG5DGLRFRP
+21'85$6';9$&$7,21 .$OSKD6WHSS,50HDOV
3HQQVXEXUJ3$ 3ULYDWH)DFLOLWLHV+5-
+)0RELOHRU)L[HG9LUWXDO;$QWHQQD3DWHQW )RU6DOHRU
&DOO6LJQ6WXIIZZZKDP458FRP.700< /LFHQVH5HTXHVW)UHH3RZHU3RLQW3UHVHQWDWLRQILOH6KRZV
+< 32:(5 $17(11$ &203$1< KWWSZZZ IUHHZHEV
GHVLJQGHWDLOVSLFWXUHVSURWRW\SHWHVWV'HVLJQDSSOLHVWRD
FRPK\SRZHU! 0XOWLEDQG GLSROHV GHOWD ORRSV KDOI VTXDUHV
:$17('.F6KLSV7UDQVPLWWHU,(0$&.$<0$5,1( EURDGIUHTXHQF\UDQJHIRUPDQWDQWHQQDDUUD\VEHDPVYHUWL
DQG453DQWHQQDV
$ZZ]#DROFRP FDOVOJVOD\#VEFJOREDOQHW!/DUU\6OD\.:8/
1(: $0$7(85 5$',2 0$3 ZLWK ';&& OLVW XSGDWHV )XOO
12 1216(16(/,&(16( 678'< *8,'(6NEQXFRPFT )25 6$/(6DPOH[3RZHU6XSSO\ 0RGHO6(&9
FRORU [ ± )UHH VKLSSLQJ RQ FOXE RUGHUV
KWWSZZZKDPUDGLRPDSTWKFRP # DPSV 1RW ZRUNLQJ ,QFOXGHV RSHUDWLQJ PDQXDO DQG
:DQWHG&KDQQHO0DVWHUPRGHO4XDQWXP$QWHQQDVRU VFKHPDWLF3ULFHRUEHVWRIIHU&RQWDFW+DUU\:+54DW
PRUHLQER[JRRGFRQGLWLRQ:-*LEEV-U+RZDUG6WUHHW KDUU\JUD]LDQR#JPDLOFRP!RUSKRQH
453 .,76ZZZEUHDGERDUGUDGLRFRP!
&ROXPELD1&
1((' 523(" $OO NLQGV W\SHV LQFOXGLQJ DQWHQQD URSH <$(68)7KDV)0)0XQLW<)$N+]$0ILO
453-6FDOH0LFURNH\)XOO)XQFWLRQDO³%8*´0DGH WHU DQG PDQXDO 3UREOHP ZLWK PDLQ WXQLQJ RWKHUZLVH JRRG
LQWKH86$E\.$,5/453-FRP! KDXOLQJ JLQ )5(( IUHH FRQVXOWDWLRQ *R WR KWWSZZZ
GDYLVURSHDQGFDEOHFRP! 9HWHUDQ RZQHG .3(. )&0+]:UHPRWH$78IRU)7RU
)7 ZRWNLQJ ZLWK FDEOHV DQG PDQXDO 6KLSSLQJ
3UHPLXP 5) &RQQHFWRUV $QWHQQDV &RD[ 3DUWV DQG DGGLWLQDO.%'0'
$FFHVVRULHV:6:/¶V+DP6WRUH²ZZZ'DYHV+REE\
6KRSFRP )8785( 7,0(6 'UHDPV DQG YLVLRQV RI 'LVDVWHUV *UHDW
JXLGHERRNIRU+DPVZZZ[OLEULVFRPIXWXUHWLPHVKWPO $17(11$ 72:(5+$5':$5( $OXPLQXPSODWHV%RRP
WRHOHPHQWVERRPWRPDVW*39HUWLFDODQWHQQDJURXQGSODWHV
:$17(',%00RGHO06SDFH6DYLQJ.H\ERDUG&DOO..* 5RKQ WR FURVV DUPV SODWHV +H[DEHDP VSLGHUEHDP
RUHPDLONHLWKJLOEHUWVRQ#TFRP! +$:$,,';9$&$7,216WHSS,5DQWHQQDVDPSOLILHUVSUL
YDWH.+5&ZZZOHLODQLEHGDQGEUHDNIDVWFRP! +XEV0R[RQKXEV8EROWVZLWKVDGOHV$OOLQIRDWH::#
\DKRRFRPRUDWHED\VWRUHVWRUHVHED\FRP\]L]Ø
$0$7(85 5$',2 (/(&7521,&6+RPH6WXG\6RIWZDUH
$SSVDQGH%RRNVZZZHSWVRIWFRP+RPH6WXG\ +$0 75$9(/(56 'LVFRXQW WUDYHO WRXUV FUXLVHV PRUH
ZZZ*UHDW([SHFWDWLRQ7UDYHOFRP :::,627521$17(11$6&20 )25 +) &+(&. ,7
287&DOOZGHMD#LVRWURQDQWHQQDVFRP!
32/<(67(5 523( H[FHOOHQW IRU DQWHQQD VXSSRUW DQG
JX\LQJ*RWRZZZDXGLRWURQLFVXV! ZZZSHLG[ORGJHFRP
)/$6+ &$5'6 IRU $// )&& H[DPV $PDWHXU DQG &RP
5($/+$06'2&2'( 0RYHXSWR&:ZLWK&:0HQWDO%ORFN 352027,21$/ 9,'(2 PLQXWH'9'GHVFULEHVDPDWHXU PHUFLDO 9,6 6WXG\ *XLGHV ZZZYLVUDGLRFRP!
%XVWHU,,, 6XFFHHGZLWKK\SQRVLVDQG1/3,QFOXGHVWZR UDGLR¶VIXQDQGSXEOLFVHUYLFH'HWDLOVZZZQHRKDPRUJ! $YDLODEOHIURP$PD]RQ0)-DQG*LJD3DUWV
&'VDQG0DQXDO2QO\SOXVVK86)/DGG
WD[6XFFHVV(DV\6(0DSOH7HUUDFH3RUW6W/XFLH)/
SKRQHZZZVXFFHVVLVHDV\FRP!
7:2 1(: 129(/6LQYROYLQJKDPUDGLR)XOO&LUFOHDQG

)UR]HQLQ7LPHE\1;;9LVLWKWWSZZZWKHRGRUHFRKHQ
QRYHOVFRP!
46/LQJ6833/,(6HPDLOSOXPG[#PVQFRP!
&$6+)25 &2//,16+$//,&5$)7(566; '5$.(

75 %X\DQ\&ROOLQVHTXLSPHQW/HR.-+,SKRQHID[
HPDLOUDGLROHR#JPDLOFRP!
0LFUR/RJE\:$Ø+
(DV\WRXVHORJJLQJSURJUDP
)UHHGRZQORDGZZZZDKFRP
ZZZROGTVOFDUGVFRP
29(56($6$,50$,/ 3267$*( SOXVFRPSOHWHOLQHRIDLUPDLO

HQYHORSHV2UGHUGLUHFWO\IURPRXUZHEVLWH-DPHV(0DFNH\
SURSULHWRUZHEVLWHZZZDLUPDLOSRVWDJHFRP!
72:(5 $&&(6625,(6 *LQ3ROH.LWV±VWDQGRIIEUDFNHWV±

DQWHQQDPRXQWV±YHKLFOHUDGLRPRXQWV±IRU\HDUV,,;
(TXLSPHQW/WGKWWSZZZZLL[FRP!

YE3CIF - CQ Amateur Radio March 2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

YE3CIF - CQ Amateur Radio March 2020

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

YE3CIF - CQ Amateur Radio March 2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

How Do YOU Work DX? p.

New i705 &RPLQJ6RRQ

SEAMLESS REMOTE OPERATION

(/<5,$2+,2²7KH1RUWKHUQ2KLR$PDWHXU5DGLR6RFLHW\ ZLOOKROGWKH12$56:LQWHU+DPIHVW IURPDPWRQRRQ CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

HF Band Plans and the ARRL’s “Big IF”

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

Refurbished, Donated and

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

Determining Element Lengths

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

(YHU\VWDWLRQLV';IURPWKHKHDUWRI$IULFDDQGQRWPDQ\      $OO

$ QXPEHU RI SDUWLFLSDQWV SRVWHG YLGHRV RQ <RX7XEH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

WORLD 14 MHz 9M2SAF ................................56,430 WØJW.................................239,652 14 MHz 14 MHz

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

MULTI-OPERATOR SINGLE TRANSMITTER MULTI-OPERATOR SINGLE TRANSMITTER

MULTI-OPERATOR TWO TRANSMITTER MULTI-OPERATOR TWO TRANSMITTER

MULTI-OPERATOR MULTI-TRANSMITTER MULTI-OPERATOR MULTI-TRANSMITTER

Single-Op Assisted High Power (597 logs received

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

=RQH =0 6480 

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

,17(5(67*5283577<  

ZLWK0/=5 RSV./=/=-=/=8./=')/='% WRZHU,QWKHWKUHHPRQWKVOHDGLQJXSWRWKLVFRQWHVWDQWHQ

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

LoJack “T” Hunt

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

How CW Can Protect You

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

The Dementia Epidemic

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

Learning Morse Code the

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

Finding the Time and Place is Easy

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

• Used by Emergency Services Groups

Same quality and performance as the

See our videos tel: (503) 591 8001

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

-< 6,/(17 .(<

,QWKH-DQXDU\LVVXHRI&4ZHUDQ 0RUHWRWKHSRLQWVDWHOOLWHFRPPXQL UXDU\DQGZDVEXULHGDPLGVWSRVVLEO\

,Q VRPH ZD\V  GRHVQ¶W VHHP

  &4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK  &4 

(/<5,$2+,2²7KH1RUWKHUQ2KLR$PDWHXU5DGLR6RFLHW\ ZLOOKROGWKH12$56:LQWHU+DPIHVW IURPDPWRQRRQ CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

(YHU\VWDWLRQLV';IURPWKHKHDUWRI$IULFDDQGQRWPDQ\ $OO

$ QXPEHU RI SDUWLFLSDQWV SRVWHG YLGHRV RQ <RX7XEH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

=RQH =06480

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

,17(5(67*5283577<

ZLWK0/=5RSV./=/=-=/=8./=')/='% WRZHU,QWKHWKUHHPRQWKVOHDGLQJXSWRWKLVFRQWHVWDQWHQ

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

-< 6,/(17 .(<

,QWKH-DQXDU\LVVXHRI&4ZHUDQ 0RUHWRWKHSRLQWVDWHOOLWHFRPPXQL UXDU\DQGZDVEXULHGDPLGVWSRVVLEO\

,Q VRPH ZD\V GRHVQ¶W VHHP

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

Fitting In With Current Programs $FRPPRQSRVHIRUDSUHWHHQEXWORRNFORVHO\DWWKHVFUHHQ

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

VXSSRUW#OGJHOHFWURQLFVFRP ZZZOGJHOHFWURQLFVFRP

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

EH DYDLODEOH IURP 453 *X\V KWWSV

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

JHDU 7KLV KHOSV PH IRFXV RQ WXEHV , FRPHDFURVVDQ\RQHUHIXVLQJP\TXLFN

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH

3KRWR'7\SLFDO³ZDOOZDUW´IRXQGLQDQ\KDPVKDFN7KLV 3KRWR ) $UWLVW¶V GHSLFWLRQ RI %HQMDPLQ )UDQNOLQ¶V IDPRXV

ZZZFTDPDWHXUUDGLRFRP 0DUFK &4

6SDUN JDS GLVFKDUJH LV VWLOO HPSOR\HG WRGD\ EXW FRD[LDO

&4 0DUFK 9LVLW2XU:HE6LWH