Reducing Disaster

Risk at the Local

Community Level
 How to reduce long-

term risk at the local

level:
Strengthening People's
Enhancing People's

Economic Capacity Coping Strategies

Enhance the level of

Strategies would include

production and income of

promotion and production of

the people through draft

disaster-resistant and other

indigenous crops, improve

animal dispersal, farm

community water supply,

implements dispersal,

establish reliable social and

irrigation expansion, soil

organizational support

fertility improvement, seed

structures, establish improved

dispersal, livestock dispersal,

storage methods, post-harvest

and fishing implements

facilities, and alternative

dispersal. sources of income.

Firming up Social and
Accessibility of Health

Organizational
and Medical Services
Support Structures

It is important to ensure

It is important to strengthen

the availability of medical

the "bayanihan" spirit in the

and health services in the

community. Necessary

community. It is important

structures and committees

to ensure the availability

for disaster response must

of medical and health

be created.
services in the community.
 Advocacy and

Policy Influence
Identify community policy issues, analyze

these issues, advocate policy agenda, and push

for the creation of ordinances and laws that are

relevant in disaster risk reduction and

management.
 Emergency Preparedness Activities
Activities included in emergency preparedness are:

a. Community risk assessment

b. Community-based spot map
c. Emergency preparedness plan
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d. Community-based action plan
e. Establishment of early warning system
f. Evacuation drills and exercises
 Community Risk

Assessment
Why do we need to conduct a community risk

assessment (CRA)? CRA is aimed at uniting the

community in a common understanding of their

disaster risk: hazards, vulnerabilities, and

capacities. Having a common understanding is

critical in identifying appropriate and adequate

risk reduction measures.

 Developing a

Community-Based Spot

Map
According to CDRC (2008), the objective of a spot

map in the community is to have a clear perception

of the physical and geographical settings of the

area. Activities in undertaking a spot map include

the following:
 STEPS EXPLANATION

Each team has to develop a community-

based spot map with concrete

information on the boundaries, roads,

bridges, rivers, canals, barangay hall,

barangay health center, daycare center,

Step 1: Drawing the

church, elementary, and secondary

Spot/Base Map
schools, buildings, houses, covered court,
land use, and many others. Likewise,

information on the legend, scale size,

direction (with compass), and the name of

the community should be included.

 STEPS EXPLANATION

Ask the team to review their output from

the workshop on local disaster situations.

Step 2: Identification

Identify existing hazards/threats and the

of Hazards in the

areas affected. Determine the areas

Area
which are low-medium and high-risk to a

particular hazard.

Step 3: Initial

The team should be able to identify the

Identification of

elements-at-risk.
Elements-at-Risk
 STEPS EXPLANATION

Incorporate the information involving

the safe areas such as evacuation sites,

which are structurally sound and free

from the secondary hazard, routes, and

other facilities in place for DRRM. The

Step 4: Initial

usual evacuation sites in the Philippines

Identification of Safe

include the elementary and secondary

Areas
schools, covered courts, gymnasium, as

well as chapels. Well-built constructed

houses of families and private individuals

can also be an option as long as they give

consent or permission.
 Conduct Community-

Watching/Transect Walk

Validate the community spot/base map we

have developed. In the process of validation,

check the vulnerable areas, safe evacuation

sites, and routes identified. Interview with

residents.
 Emergency

Preparedness Plan
The key to a successful community disaster risk

reduction is community-based disaster risk

reduction planning. One of the major activities is

the Emergency Preparedness Plan or EPP. It serves

as the framework of planned activities and gives

direction in the actual conduct of the plan in

various phases of disaster.

PARTS OF EPP EXPLANATION

1. Description of hazard which resulted

in disaster
First Part: Disaster

2. Possible effects
Situation
3. Identifying the needs of the

community

Second Part: Objectives

Objectives in the formation of EPP

of EPP
PARTS OF EPP EXPLANATION

1. Listing Activities
Third Part: Concepts
2. Identifying the resources
and Policies in Plan
3. People's Responsibilities
Implementation 4. Presentation of rules and policies in

EPP implementation
 Three Fundamental Activities in EPP

1. Identification of the needs and resources that can be used by

the group in planning

2. Designation of responsibilities

3. Presentation of rules and guidelines in the implementation of

EPP
 Developing a Community-

Based Action Plan

RA10121 authorizes communities to develop a

CBDRRM Plan. The plan is vital since it will identify

community problems and cite areas that need

government assistance. Moreover, the plan can

strengthen the participation of the community. The

following provides the necessary steps in developing

a community-based action plan as cited by CDRC

(2008):
 STEPS EXPLANATION

1. Review the present situation including

the issues and problems identified.

Step 1: Analysis of
2. Identify the root cause(s) of issues and

the Problem problems.

3. Evaluate the and problems of the

stakeholders.

1. Draw the desirable or ideal situation.

2. Identify the methods and strategies for

Step 2: Planning for

the enhancement/improvement of

the Solutions
solutions.
3. Identify alternative solutions if needed.
 STEPS EXPLANATION

1. Identify a reliable/suitable person/team

in charge of each problem or solution.

Step 3: Preparation
2. Formulate the proposed timetable.
for the
3. Identify the hindrances of the

Implementation of
implementation of the action plan.
the Action Plan 4. Identify the assistance necessary such

as training/drill, awareness programs,

and materials.
 Early Warning

System
Early Warning Systems (EWS) provides a positive

action of giving warning to people regarding the

entry of a destructive event in their area which may

be a possible threat to their lives and security and

need an appropriate response. It also serves as a

warning system based on the community and it

ensures the safety of the people.

 Seven Elements for a Warning System to be Effective:

1. Knowledge of disaster confronting the community

2. Disasters are identified

3. Knowledge in pattern and policies in giving information on the

entry of disaster

4. Acquisition of useful maps

 Seven Elements for a Warning System to be Effective:

5. Requires an information dissemination system which is

understood by the people in the community

6. A warning should reach places of communities affected by the

disaster.

7. A warning consists of references and important information.

 Evacuation Drills

and Exercises
EAn evacuation drill is a simulation activity or a

drill putting into practice the training and

knowledge acquired from disaster-related training.

Specific training on giving warnings, preparing the

community for the impending disaster, and the

possibility of evacuation have been given more

emphasis in drills.
Why is it necessary to conduct training and/or drills?

1. To measure the efficiency and effectiveness of the CBDRRM

Plan, which includes the local EWS and evacuation plans in
identifying the gaps as well as addressing the solutions.

2. To upgrade the parts Of the CBDRRM Plan and make it

appropriate to the actual situation and capacity of the
community.

3. To acquaint or familiarize the CBDRRMC and other

community members regarding their roles in response to
disasters based on the CBDRRM Plan.
 Steps in

Conducting the

Community Drill:

Back to Agenda
 Step 1. Planning
• Type and approach to be used in the community drill
• Individual and group actors (organizers and participants)
• Convenient schedule for the community (date and time)
• Resources needed (equipment, finances, venue/location)
• Drill scenario
• Advertisement/announcement of community drill (information
dissemination)
• Tasking of duties and responsibilities
• Involvement of other relevant organizations such as the police
station, health center, barangay council, school, and other public
offices, if necessary
• Structure of evaluation form
 Step 2. Actual Community

Drill
1. Inform the members of the community of the planned
drill.
2. Dress properly. Wear' comfortable clothes and avoid
wearing unnecessary accesories (high heel shoes, etc.).
3. Warm-up cxercise is advised especially those who will be
performing physical activities (fire responders and/or
rescuers).
4. Be careful with road accidents when doing the
evacuation activity
 Actual Drill

Community Drill is an actual undertaking or presentation

of an activity based on the acquired training and

knowledge. This is a training done through "scenario

building" to see the whole process or steps.

 Step 3. Evaluation

In doing the assessment/evaluation of the Community

Drill, we can gather the actors and observers of the drill and

ask them to accomplish the evaluation form and facilitate

an active discussion or organize an evaluation meeting

among the organizers. The output of this evaluation shall

contribute to the improvement/enhancement of the

CBDRRM Plan.
Thank you for listening!
GROUP 3 (STEM 201-A)