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    Title: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Definition: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Is A Viral Infection That's Passed Between People Through

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    Title: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Definition: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Is A Viral Infection That's Passed Between People Through

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    Aires Federizo
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    Title: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Definition: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Is A Viral Infection That's Passed Between People Through

    Uploaded by

    Aires Federizo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Title: HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)

    DEFINITION:

    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that’s passed between people through
    skin-to-skin contact. There are over 100 varieties of HPV, more than 40 of which are
    passed through sexual contact and can affect your genitals, mouth, or throat.

    According to the Centers for Disease Control and


    Prevention (CDC) HPV is the most common sexually
    transmitted infection (STI).

    It’s so common that most sexually active people will


    get some variety of it at some point, even if they
    have few sexual partners.

    Some cases of genital HPV infection may not cause


    any health problems. However, some types of HPV
    can lead to the development of genital warts and
    even cancers of the cervix, anus, and throat.

    HOW CAN YOU GET HPV?

    Anyone who’s had sexual skin-to-skin contact is at risk for HPV infection. Other factors
    that may put someone at an increased risk for HPV infection include:

     increased number of sexual partners


     unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex
     a weakened immune system
     having a sexual partner that has HPV
     sharing sex toys
    Types of Human Papillomavirus

     Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus


     Infection with most low-risk genital HPV strains doesn’t cause
    symptoms and disappears when the body builds immunity to the virus.
    These strains have no association with cancer but can lead to genital
    warts.
     In addition to the vulva and the penis, warts may appear on the cervix
    or vagina in women, the scrotum in men, or in and around the anus in
    men or women. Warts may also appear in the mouth and throat.
     High-Risk Human Papillomavirus
     Infection with high-risk HPV can lead to more extensive cervical dysplasia and
    certain types of cancer. There are at least 12 high-risk strains of HPV, but only
    two—types 16 and 18—cause the majority of HPV-related cancers, including
    those involving the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, and anus. High-risk HPV strains
    can also lead to cancers of the throat, tongue, and tonsils, known
    as oropharyngeal cancer.

    CAUSE:

    The virus that causes HPV infection is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Most
    people get a genital HPV infection through direct sexual contact, including vaginal, anal,
    and oral sex. Because HPV is a skin-to-skin infection, intercourse isn’t required for
    transmission to occur. Many people have HPV and don’t even know it, which means you
    can still contract it even if your partner doesn’t have any symptoms.
    In rare cases, a mother who has HPV can transmit the virus to her baby during delivery.
    When this happens, the child may develop a condition called recurrent respiratory
    papillomatosis where they develop HPV-related warts inside their throat or airways.

    WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HPV?


    HPV that affects your genitals doesn’t usually cause symptoms. When symptoms do
    occur, the most common sign of the virus is warts in your genital area. Genital warts are
    rough, cauliflower-like lumps that grow on your skin. They may appear weeks, months
    or even years after you’ve been infected with HPV. Genital warts are contagious (like all
    forms of HPV), but they’re harmless.

    High-risk forms of HPV often don’t cause symptoms until they’ve progressed to cancer.
    Cervical cancer is the most common type of HPV-related cancer. Other types of cancer
    are much rarer. They include:
     Anal cancer.
     Penile cancer.
     Throat cancer.
     Vaginal cancer.
     Vulvar cancer.

    DIAGNOSTIC TEST:

    A healthcare provider will typically be able to diagnose genital warts just by looking.
    High-risk forms of HPV don’t cause symptoms, which means you’ll likely learn about an
    infection through a routine Pap smear or HPV test.

     Pap smear: A Pap smear screens for cervical cancer and precancerous cells that
    may become cancer (cervical dysplasia) if left untreated. Cervical cancer is
    almost always caused by high-risk HPV.
     HPV test: HPV tests can detect the high-risk strains of the virus that may lead to
    cervical cancer if left untreated. There aren’t any U.S. Food and Drug
    Administration (FDA)-approved tests for identifying HPV on the vulva, vagina,
    penis, scrotum, rectum or anus. HPV-related cancers on these body parts are
    much less common than cervical cancer.

    Other procedures that can detect abnormal cells likely caused by an HPV infection
    include:

     Colposcopy: Your provider may order a colposcopy if your Pap smear shows


    signs of abnormal cells or if you tested positive for HPV. During this procedure, a
    lighted instrument called a colposcope magnifies your cervix, bringing abnormal
    cells into view. Your provider may remove the cells and have them tested in a
    lab for signs of precancer or cancer (biopsy).
     Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA): Providers may use VIA in geographic
    regions without access to the resources needed for regular Pap smears or HPV
    tests. With VIA, your provider places a vinegar-based solution on your cervix.
    The solution turns abnormal cells white so that they’re easier to identify.

    MODE OF TREATMENT OR MANAGEMENT:

    Treatments can’t rid your body of the virus. They can remove any visible warts on your
    genitals and abnormal cells in your cervix. Treatments may include:
     Cryosurgery: Freezing warts or destroying abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen.
     Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): Using a special wire loop to
    remove warts or abnormal cells on your cervix.
     Electrocautery: Burning warts off with an electrical current.
     Laser therapy: Using an intense light to destroy warts or any abnormal cells.
     Cold knife cone biopsy (conization): Removing a cone-shaped piece of cervical
    tissue that contains abnormal cells.
     Prescription cream: Applying medicated cream directly to your warts to destroy
    them. These creams may include imiquimod (Aldara®) and podofilox
    (Condylox®).
     Trichloroacetic acid (TCA): Applying a chemical treatment that burns off warts.

    PREVENTION:

     The easiest ways to prevent HPV are to use condoms and to practice safe sex.
    Condoms can help protect you against HPV, but they do not cover all the skin
    around your genitals, so you're not fully protected.

     In addition, the Gardasil 9 vaccine  is available for the prevention of genital


    warts and cancers caused by HPV. The vaccine can protect against nine types of
    HPV known to be associated with either cancer or genital warts.

    The CDC recommends the HPV vaccine for boys and girls ages 11 or 12. Two doses of the
    vaccine are given at least six months apart. Women and men ages 15 to 26 can also get
    vaccinated on a three-dose schedule.

    To prevent health problems associated with HPV, be sure to get regular health
    checkups, screenings, and Pap smears. 
    REFERENCES:

    Amber Erickson Gabbey. (2018, December 18). Everything you Need to Know About
    Human Papillomavirus Infection. Healthline; Healthline Media.
    https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection

    ‌ PV Human Papillomavirus: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. (2017). Cleveland Clinic.


    H
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-
    virus#symptoms-and-causes Types of Human Papillomavirus. (2017). Nyulangone.org.
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/human-papillomavirus/types

    Types of Human Papillomavirus. (2017). Nyulangone.org.

    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/human-papillomavirus/types

    ‌
    QUIZ

    Gardasil 9 vaccine 1. It is a vaccine used in preventing genital warts and cancers caused
    by HPV.
    2. In rare cases, a mother who has HPV can transmit the virus to
    her baby during delivery. When this happens, the child may develop a condition called
    recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
    The easiest ways to prevent HPV are to use 3. condoms  and
    4. to practice safe sex.
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) 5. It is a viral infection that’s passed between people
    through skin-to-skin contact and according to the Centers for Disease Control and
    Prevention (CDC) it is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI)

    True or False
    TRUE 6. Cervical cancer is the most common type of HPV-related cancer.
    FALSE 7. Prostate cancer is one of the example of HPV-related cancer.

    ENUMERATION
    8-9 GIVE THE TWO TYPES OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
    Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus
    High-Risk Human Papillomavirus

    10- GIVE ATLEAST ONE DIAGNOSTIC TEST DONE ON PATIENT INFECTED WITH HPV

     Pap smear, HPV test,  Colposcopy, Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA)

    REPORTER: AIRES F. FEDERIZO BSN 2-1

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