Melkamtecno
Melkamtecno
Melkamtecno
Introduction to ICT
1.1 What is ICT ?
It refers to all technology that can be used to handle telecommunication and access information.
the term ICT has been used to refer to the integrating telephone and audio/ visual networks
with computer networks.
It refers to all technology used in communication like television, mobile phone, Internet etc.
ICT is a term that has been used in many aspects of technology perception in modern society
– Tools for digitalization of business, (like Social media, online collaboration tools, etc.)
IT (Information Technology)
The term Information Technology refers to an entire field that uses computers,
networking, software, and other equipment to manage information electronically in a
digital form.
Consider an IT department in an organization. They are equipped with computers,
database Management Systems, servers, and security mechanisms for storing, processing,
retrieving, and protecting information available with the organization.
You might have heard about the professionals working in such department of a company
like system administrators, database administrators, programmers, IT managers, network
engineers. If it is a business organization, they all work together to provide services such
as providing information, providing tools to improve the productivity, automating the
business processes, and providing means for connect with customers. Therefore, in the
modern world, IT is an essential part of all of business operations.
Exercise
B. ICT
Unit two
1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
2.1 what is computer ?
Computer is an electronic device that takes input data from the user and processes these
data under the control of set of instructions (program) and gives the desired result as
output and may saves output for the future use.
A computer is an electronic device which takes input from the user, processes it and gives
the output as per user’s requirement.
So the main tasks of performed by the computer are:
Input
Process
Output
A computer is normally considered to be a calculation device which can perform the
arithmetic operations very speedily.
Data can be in the form of numbers, letters, symbols, size etc. And it comes in various
shapes & sizes depending upon the type of computer application.
It is a man-made machine
It accepts instructions of a human given in a sequential manner
As per the given instructions, it performs some calculations and does changes for the
information fed by human
Releases or produces an output that is useful to the user
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Accuracy:
o The accuracy of a computer is very high.
o The degree of accuracy of a particular computer depends upon its design.
o Errors can occur by the computer. But these are due to human weakness,due to incorrect
data, but not due to the technological weakness.
Speed:
o Computer is a very fact device. It can perform the amount of work in few
seconds for which a human can take an entire year.
o While talking about computer speed we do not talk in terms of seconds and milliseconds
but in microseconds.
o A powerful computer is capable of performing several billion simple arithmetic operations
per second.
Diligence:
o Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness & lack of concentration.
o It can continuously work for hours without creating any error & without
grumbling.
o If you give ten million calculations to performed, it will perform with
exactly the same accuracy & speed as the first one.
Versatility:
o It is one of the most wonderful features about the computer.
o One moment it is preparing the results of a particular examination, the
next moment it is busy with preparing electricity bills and in between it
may be helping an office secretary to trace an important letter in seconds.
Power of remembering:
o Computer can store and recall any amount of data because of its high storage
capacity of its storage devices.
o Every piece of information can be retained as long as desired by the user and
can be recalled as and when required.
o Even after several years, if the information recalled, it will be as accurate as on
the day when it was filled to the computers.
Motherboard:-Primary circuit board that connects all of the computer’s components
Processes the instructions sent from memory and executes those instructions
Retains information when the computer is inactive or turned off including applications
such as
Programs
Word Documents
Pictures
Music
RAM – Random Access Memory
RAM is a computer’s temporary memory, which exists as chips on the motherboard near the CPU. It
stores data or programs while they are being used and requires power.
Hold “active” information the computer is utilizing
Includes applications or software the computer is running
Additional memory allows the computer to operate with more applications running
simultaneously
More memory often results in improved computer performance
Optical Drive
Read Compact Discs (CD, CD-R, CD-RW)
Write to Discs
Referred to as a Burner
A device that holds a removable floppy disk when in use; read/write heads read and write data to the
diskette
Hard Disk
Converts AC (Alternating Current) from your house’s outlet into DC (Direct Current)
that the computer parts can use
Job – Holds all of the computer parts in the case which is mounted behind the computer
display
Cables
Cable types
USB
Firmware
Ethernet
Thunderbolt
Possible Malfunctions
Broken wire or connector at the end of the cable
Keyboard
Used to enter information into the computer and for giving commands
GENERAL PURPOSE KEYBOARD
Scanner
A device that allows pictures to be placed into a computer
Microphone
Allows the user to record sounds as input to their computer.
Touchpad
Sound Card
A circuit board that connects the computer to the rest of the network usually using special
cables.
This software connects the hardware with the programs you want to run.