Soran University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum

2nd stage

Reservoir Fluid Properties

Experiment no: 2
Title: Effect of temperature on the viscosity of fluids
Prepared by: Bilind fakhir khattab
Supervisor: Mr.Foad Yousefi & Mr.sherwan shakir

Date: 20 /10/2022
Table of Content:
Introduction…………............................................................................................…….1

Aim of experiment....................................................................................................2

Theory........................................................................................................................3

Equipment and material ...........................................................................................3

Procedure..................................................................................................................6

Calculation..................................................................................................................7

Result and discussion.................................................................................................8

Conclusion..................................................................................................................9

References..................................................................................................................10

List of Figures

Figure1:Beaker............................................................................................................

Figure2: GraduatedCylinder........................................................................................

Figure3: utubeViscometer..........................................................................................

Figure4: ringStand.......................................................................................................

Figure5: gasoil.........................................................................................................

Figure6: Thermometer................................................................................................

Figure7: PipetteRubberPump......................................................................................

Figure8: hotplate....................................................................................…………………..

Figure9: graduated pipette..........................................................................................

Figure10: timer ........................................................................................…………………
Introduction

Viscosity is a fundamental characteristic property of all liquids. When a liquid

flows, it has an internal resistance to flow. Viscosity is a measure of this resistance
to flow or shear. Viscosity can also be termed as a drag force and is a measure of
the frictional properties of the fluid. Viscosity is a function of temperature and
pressure. Although the viscosities of both liquids and gases change with
temperature and pressure, they affect the viscosity in a different manner.

a. Dynamic viscosity: is the tangential force per unit area required to slide one
layer against another layer

B. Kinematic viscosity: he absolute viscosity of a liquid divided by its The

same temperature.

1
Aim of experiment

With a known fluid density at these temperatures, the objective of this experiment
is to determine how temperature changes affect a fluid's viscosity. Viscosity is a
function of temperature and pressure. Although the viscosities of both liquids and
gases change with temperature and pressure, they affect the viscosity in a different
manner.

2
Theory
When measuring the kinematic viscosity of Newtonian liquids that are sufficiently
transparent to allow for the observation of the liquid meniscus during measurement
using a capillary-based technique, u-tube viscometers are utilized. The time it takes
for the sample to flow laminarly through a capillary while being pulled downward
by gravity is used to calculate the viscosity of the test liquid, and its volume is
indicated by two ring-shaped markings.
A measure of internal resistance is absolute viscosity (absolute viscosity
coefficient). The tangential force per unit area required to maintain a unit distance
between a fluid and a horizontal plane at a velocity of one unit is the dynamic
(absolute) viscosity, whereas the kinematic viscosity is the ratio of the two.

Equipments & Materials

1-u-tube Viscometer: an instrument for measuring the viscosity of liquids.

2-Ring Stand: support to heat chemicals and hold burets.

3- gasoil

3-Thermometer: take temperature

4-Beaker: may be heated and used to hold or heat chemicals.

5-Hot Plate: used to heat substances.

6- graduated pipette: the production of a partial vacuum by the removal of air in

order to force fluid into a vacant space or procure adhesion.

7-Stopwatch: special watch with buttons that start, stop, and then zero the hands,
used to time races.

8- Graduated Pipette: a slender graduated tube used in a laboratory for measuring

and transferring quantities of liquids from one container to another.

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Figure1: Becker Figure2: graduated cylinder Figure3: u-tube viscometer

Figure4: ring stand. Figure5: gasoil Figure6: thermometer

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Figure7: Pipette Rubber Pump.
Figure8: hot plate

Figure9: graduated pipette Figure10:Timer

5
Procedure

1- Determine a constant viscometer by H2O.

2-put gasoil in to Beaker

3- Determine the temperature of gasoil by thermometer.Attach the viscometer to

the ring stand vertically.Put the suction on the graduated pipette.

4- Fill the viscometer by the gasoil, by the help of the graduated pipette.

5- By adding sample through tube L into the bottom reservoir, you can charge the
viscometer. Add enough sample to bring the level between lines G and H.

6- Place the viscometer into the holder and insert it into the constant temperature
bath. Vertically align the viscometer in the bath if a self-aligning holder has not
been used.

7- Place a finger over tube M and apply suction to tube N until the Liquid reaches
the center of bulb D. Remove suction from tube N. Remove finger from tube M,
and immediately place it over Tube N until the sample drops away from the lower
end of the capillary into bulb B. Then remove finger and measure the efflux time.

8- To measure the efflux time, allow the liquid sample to flow freely down past
mark E measuring the time for the meniscus to pass from mark E to mark F.

9- Calculate the kinematic viscosity of the sample by multiplying the efflux time
by the viscometer constant.

V=C*time

6
 Calculation

The kinematic viscosity can be measurement by viscometer (U-tube device) by the

following equation:
υ = c. t
Where:
υ: kinematic viscosity (St.)
c: viscometer constant ( mm2/s2).
t: time required to passing the oil through the limited marks in viscometer (s)
c = 0.027
t1= 194.7 s
v1= 0.027 * 194.7= 5.2569 St
For finding dynamic viscosity:
υ=μ/ρ
μ= ρ*v μ= 0.851 *5.2569=4.473 g / (cm • s)

Result and discussion

7
As a result, a liquid's viscosity falls as temperature rises. As a liquid's temperature
rises, the rate at which cohesive forces interact with it decreases, which results in a
drop in viscosity and at the last test temperature causing an error with the
gasolineSince kinematic viscosity is calculated by dividing a fluid's absolute
viscosity by its density, it is clear that it is always absolute viscosity greater than
dynamic viscosity for fluid densities below 1 g/Cc.

Dynamic
Kinematic viscosity
Temperature (1) Efflux time Density g/ml
viscosity (St;)
g/(cm . s)

29 C° 194s 0.851 5.25 4.47

34 C° 190s 0.847 5.13 4.345

38 C° 188s 0.844 5.076 4.284

42 C° 186s 0.842 5.022 4.228

Conclusion
8
Understanding the link between a liquid's viscosity and temperature is crucial
because viscosity is one of the most significant qualities in the petroleum business.
In general, increasing temperature results in a reduction in density and viscosity,
which speeds up the mobility of liquids

Reference

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1- The effect of temperature on the density, viscosity, and thixotropic properties of
drilling fluids and the effect of both temperature and pressure on filtration Tawfic - 1950

2_Effects_of_temperature_dependent_viscosity_on_fully_developed_laminar_forced_co
nvection_in_a_curved_duct

3- How does Temperature Change Viscosity in Liquids and Gases? AZoM

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