Gravitationppt 180122143106
Gravitationppt 180122143106
Gravitationppt 180122143106
MADE BY-
HIMANSHU
CLASS 11TH A
Definition for Gravitation
Acceleration Due to Gravity
Variation Of “G” With Respect to Height And Depth
Escape Velocity
Orbital Velocity
Gravitational Potential
Time period of a Satellite
Height of Satellite
Binding Energy
Various Types of Satellite
Kepler’s Law of Planetary motion
• Gravitation is an Natural Phenomenon by physical
bodies attract each other.
1
• Newton predicted that a ∝
𝑟2
• Also,
𝑚
• F ∝
𝑟2
𝑀𝑚
• F ∝
𝑟2
𝐺𝑀𝑚
• F=
𝑟2
1
g∝ Type equation here..
𝑅2
The space surrounding a material body within which its gravitational force of
attraction can be experiences a force of attraction towards the centre of
earth
Gravitational Potential Energy
Amount of work done in bringing a body from infinity to the given point in
the gravitational field of the other.
Expression for Gravitational potential energy.
F=
𝐺𝑀𝑚 A
𝑥2
dx
Work down in bringing the body to point
B from Point A. B
W = Fdx P
W=
𝐺𝑀𝑚
dx x
𝑥2
𝑟 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑤 = ∞ 𝑥2
dx
𝑟 −2
W = GMm ∞
x r
𝑟 −1
W = -GMm ∞
x R
O
1 1
W = -GMm [𝑅-∞]
𝐺𝑀𝑚
U=- 𝑟
Gravitational Potential
Amount of work done in bringing a body of unit mass from infinity to the given
point
𝐺𝑀
Gravitational Potential = -
𝑟
If we throw a ball into air , it rises to a certain height and
falls back. If we throw it with a greater velocity , it will rise
higher before falling down. If we throw with sufficient
velocity , it will never come back . i.e. It will escape from
the gravitational pull of the earth.
The minimum velocity required to do so is called escape
velocity.
Consider the earth to be a sphere of mass M and radius R
with centre O.
Using total energy concept we can derive the equation for escape
velocity.
At any point the Total energy must be zero.
We know that Kinetic energy = ½ 𝑚𝑣𝑒2
−𝐺𝑀𝑚
Potential energy =
𝑅
K.E+P.E = 0
−𝐺𝑀𝑚
½ 𝑚𝑣𝑒2 + =0
𝑅
2𝐺𝑀
ve2 =
𝑅
2𝐺𝑀
Ve =
𝑅
Multiply and divide by R
Ve = (2gR)
Can you tell why moon has no atmosphere ??
For answer press enter
Due to the small value of g. The escape velocity in the moon is 2.38 km/s .
The air molecules have thermal velocity is greater than the escape velocity
and therefore air molecules escape.
Satellite
Artificial Natural
Geostationary Polar
• Satellite is an body which continuously revolves on it own
around and a much larger body in a stable orbit.
• Natural satellites : A satellite created by nature is called
natural satellite . example : moon.
• Artificial satellite : A man made satellite is called an
artificial satellite. Example Chandrayaan .
• World’s Frist satellite was SPUTNIK-1.
• Principle for launching a satellite : Consider a high tower
with its top projecting outside the earth’s atmosphere.
• Lets throw a body horizontally from the top of the tower
with different velocities.
• As we increase the velocity of horizontal projection , the
body will hit the ground at point farther and farther from
the foot of the tower.
• At certain velocity the body will not hit the ground , but
always be in a state of free fall under the influence of the
gravity.
• Then the body will follow a stable circular orbit . And that
body is called satellite.
Click on the video
• Orbital velocity is the velocity required to put
the satellite into its orbit around earth
Force of gravity on satellite
𝐺𝑀𝑚
F=
(𝑅+ℎ)2
Centripetal Force required by the satellite to keep its orbit
𝑚𝑣𝑜2
F=
(𝑅+ℎ)2 Vo
In equilibrium , the centripetal force
is just provided by the gravitational
pull of the earth. R R+h
𝑚𝑣𝑜2
= (𝑅+ℎ)2
𝐺𝑀𝑚 h
(𝑅+ℎ)
𝐺𝑀
Vo2 =
(𝑅+ℎ)
𝐺𝑀 𝐺𝑀
Vo = simplified eq is
(𝑅+ℎ) 𝑅
• It is the time takes by a satellite to complete one
revolution around the earth. It is given by
• T = circumference of the orbit / orbital velocity
2𝜋(𝑅+ℎ)
• T=
𝐺𝑀
𝑅+ℎ
3
𝑅+ℎ
• T=2𝜋
𝐺𝑚
𝑡2 ∝ r3 .
For better understanding please click the here.
THANKS FOR
WATCHING