Solar Energy Quality Infrastructure in India
Solar Energy Quality Infrastructure in India
Solar Energy Quality Infrastructure in India
Executive Summary
This report is about the quality of infrastructure (QI) used development of cheap and sub-standard plants thereby
in renewable energy installations, pertaining specifically echoing the need for quality norms across the value
to solar PV and solar thermal. The study is first of its kind chain to rule out perilous and inefficient systems. Quality
in India relating to quality improvement of the processes assurance provides credibility and builds in investor
and components involved in a project installation at confidence towards new and developing technologies by
different levels in the Indian renewable energy market acting like an instrument of verification for optimal
along its entire value chain including manufacturing, performance of such technologies. However, the
logistics, testing, and certification, execution of the establishment of a Quality Assurance framework
projects and operation & maintenance. requires an institutional infrastructure.
This study highlights the essential concepts, along with Quality Infrastructure refers to a system comprising of
the benefits of developing and implementing QI, and initiatives, organizations, activities and people who
lends guidance on how to progressively foster QI to collectively contribute to governmental policy
uphold national renewable energy technology markets. objectives, implement quality standards and at the same
The report predominantly targets solar PV and solar time ensure the compliance of these standards. This
thermal among other renewable energy technologies, by report encompasses the status, established targets,
studying the gaps and challenges existing in the market existing standards, testing, certifications and quality
and providing suitable recommendations for developing management systems required for solar thermal and
Quality Infrastructure to improve the effectiveness and solar PV technologies.
efficiency of the installed systems.
In this report, we have covered the Renewable Energy
Quality assertion is imperative to ensure development of overview of the country along with its value chain
efficient renewable energy systems. Renewable Energy including the investments made in sector as well as the
sector in India is at an inflection point as the capacity potent
addition plans and emphasis on low tariffs lead to
ial of investments to be made by FY 2022. A linear decline total with 480 GWth solar thermal technologies installed
has been observed in the investments owing to the lower in the world. The noteworthy point here is that solar
dollar-denominated costs and timing of the projects. The energy is primarily utilized in the country on a larger
ambitious target of 175 GW installations in RE sector can scale to generate electricity, but meeting processing
only be achieved with the combination of funding from heat requirements for industrial procedures through CST
commercial banks, NBFCs as well as from multilaterals applications still accounts for less than 1% of global solar
and bilateral funding agencies. thermal capacity. Further, we have shifted our complete
focus on solar thermal (heating and cooling), working
We have then narrowed down the sector to solar
principles involved, comparative analysis of different
thermal and solar PV segments, discussing the
solar thermal technologies such as Imaging, Non-
manufacturing landscape of solar PV and solar thermal
Imaging, Line focus and Point focus, its cost components,
in the country and the challenges faced by the concerned
the suitability of the type of technology based on the
stakeholders., Analyzing the historical trends, It can be
temperatures, its industrial applications along with the
easily ascertained that the imports of solar modules and
status and expected growth in this technology.
PV cells since the current manufacturing capacity in India
has been unable to accommodate the pace of Quality Infrastructure for Solar Photovoltaics & Thermal
installations along with their quarterly price trends. technologies depends on comprehensive improvement
of ecosystem via development & modification of
The overview of solar thermal growth in the country is
standards, laboratories and workshops to enable the
then discussed in contrast with some of the most
complete value chain transition towards delivering high
promising solar thermal markets in the world. Solar
quality products. With regard to certification of
thermal market in India is still in its emerging phase but
equipment, design qualification is based on type testing
flourishing at a rapid pace in alignment with the
according to IEC, EN or other national standards. The
ambitious target of 20 million square meter of collector
importance of quality and its applications begin right
area by FY 2022, as envisaged under National Solar
from the raw material procurement stage and extends
Mission. Currently, India just accounts for 1.5% of the
up to the consumer applications. Quality assurance to a successful usage of solar water heating and
needs to be maintained during all the phases of the subsequently increase consumer confidence in the
project execution including manufacturing, technology. Currently there are eight regional centers for
development and operations & maintenance. We have testing of flat plate water heating systems, evacuated
further stated the standards, currently specified by BIS tube collectors, box and dish type solar cookers and
and the methodology to identify the gaps in QI and REQI apart from that, there are two regional test centers for
framework for its improvement. testing concentrated technology. These are further
discussed in detail in the respective sections of the
Standard(s) is defined as a specification which sets the
report. Additionally, it is suggested that there is a need
benchmark for system design and serves as a guideline
of building an off-site and on-site testing facility to
during evaluation/inspection. In this report. We have
evaluate the impact of different parameters on thermal
discussed about the relevant minimum technical
output of the CSTs under quasi-stable state.
requirements, quality standards and specifications for
grid-connected rooftop solar PV Systems component For CST, appropriate standards & laboratories for
wise and the infrastructure requirement for renewable gauging performance are not available, however, the
energy quality testing. Certification and testing are other MNRE-UNDP-GEF project has helped set up testing
two major tools of quality assurance and are necessary centers on stationary & mobile platforms in the country.
to ensure an efficient system design thereby improving This results in assisting manufacturers & organizations
the power plant performance. Certification of standards enhance the efficiency of their products, improve
is issued as a result of substantiation with benchmark participation & promote investments in developing CST
criteria as point of reference. Thus, it becomes market.
imperative to benchmark the quality of installed
The report concludes with the Gap Analysis and the key
components with our internally developed metrics and
findings for improvement in the Quality Infrastructure
the audit experience taking account of local conditions.
for both the solar PV and solar thermal technologies. The
Verification contributes to a synopsis of system
requirement to revamp the quality of the infrastructure
performance and aids in curtailing losses.
installed and improve the efficiency along with
The report also focusses on the regulatory guidelines and performance ratio of the plants makes it crucial to
the technical requirements for grid connected ground identify the gaps and suggest the means to bridge these
mounted and rooftop PV plants (including all the gaps. Applicable IS and/or IEC standards are imperative
components, sub-system, performance monitoring and for ascertaining the performance of the installed system.
even the disposal of exhausted plants). Theoretically, all
Finally, we have tried to narrow down the
the quality assured technical requirements are
recommendations specifically to CST since it is literally in
mentioned for all the equipment of a solar plant such
its embryonic stages of installations in the country and
that the efficiency can be maximized and the overall
with an ambitious target (20 million square meter of
performance of the plant can be optimally improved.
collector area) to be achieved by 2022, it requires
The report also analyses the status of solar PV and primary focus and customized solutions for the
thermal domestic manufacturing value chain, involving customers.
component wise pros and cons pertaining to raw
material availability, capacity to manufacture, incentives
and investments, bottlenecks to scale and trade,
including assessment of indigenous component costs
and global positioning in terms of performance and
reliability.
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary 3
2 Renewable Energy In India 8
7 Gap Analysis 62
8 Survey Analysis 77
List of Tables
Table 1: Renewable Energy Potential in India ................8 Table 17: Minimum specifications required for solar
Table 2: Standards for major PV plant components thermal components (Source: UNIDO and BIS) ............38
(Source: BIS) ..................................................................14 Table 18: Performance Testing charges for solar thermal
Table 3: Standardization bodies at different levels technologies (Source: NISE and UoP)............................44
(Source: ISO and IEC) ....................................................20 Table 19: Status of testing procedures for different CST:
Table 4:Testing standards of ERDA (Source: ERDA) ......22 (Source: UNIDO Newsletter) ........................................44
Table 5: Testing standards of UL ...................................22 Table 20: Concentrator Specifications as per MNRE ....44
Table 6: Quality standards for Module testing .............24 Table 21: Paraboloid Dish Specifications (Source:
Table 7: Quality standards for Battery testing ..............25 MNRE/BIS/UNDP) .........................................................46
Table 8: Quality standards for Inverter testing .............25 Table 22: Scheffler Dish Specifications-((Source:
Table 9: Quality standards for Power plant testing and MNRE/BIS) ....................................................................47
commissioning (Source: IEC nad IS) ..............................25 Table 23: Non-imaging concentrator Specifications-
Table 10: BIS Guidelines ................................................26 (Source: BIS) ..................................................................49
Table 11: Technical features of Power conditioning Table 24: Solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) -
unit ................................................................................34 (Source: BIS) ..................................................................50
Table 12: Standard requirements in a PV Electrical Table 25: Parabolic Minimum technical specifications
system (Source: BIS)......................................................35 for qualification .............................................................51
Table 13: Standard requirements in a Power Table 26: Concentrated Solar Thermal Test Methods as
Transmission system (Source: BIS) ................................36 per BIS test procedures-(Source: BIS) ...........................53
Table 14: Standard requirements in Power Conductors Table 27: Specifications for box and dish type type solar
(Source: BIS) ..................................................................36 cooker ...........................................................................59
Table 15: Standard requirements in Transformers Table 28: Domestic manufacturing and
(Source: BIS) ..................................................................37 recommendations .........................................................64
Table 16: Standard requirements in Circuit Breakers
(Source: BIS) ..................................................................37
% of capacity as non-fossil
40%
200000
20%
0 0%
Mar-17 Mar-22 Mar-27
Time Period
The key elements of renewable energy value chain As aforementioned, the country also has a large
framework includes generation resources and their untapped wind resource potential and the states
products along with the raw material used to themselves in partnership with NIWE, have been
manufacture, research and development conducted leading the charge for conducting wind resource
during the design and integration phase, engineering assessment (WRA) studies in their respective areas. In
and equipment manufacturing processes involved, this regard, the states of Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, A.P. and
selection of right EPC contractor, operation and
maintenance, multi-stake holder engagements,
electrical utilities, testing and quality assurance.
5 https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/renewable-energy
1.3. RE investments
Solar tariffs are constantly falling (with the lowest-ever Renewable investments in India crossed USD 15 billion
solar tariff of INR 2.44/unit being achieved recently) in mark.
the country however the investments in the sector has
Investments in almost all the geographies including US,
ceased to decline and it is expected that around $7.4
Middle East Asia & South America saw a decline but
trillion will be infused towards the installation of new
stood constant in Europe and increase in India. The
renewable energy plants by 2040 in India alone – which
renewable energy investment continued to be
accounts for 72% of the total $10.2 trillion that is
dominated by just two sectors – solar and wind.
projected to be spent on new power generation
However, both these sectors suffered a marginal
worldwide. Investment in India’s renewable industry
increment in net investment in 2018 as compared to
increased by a whopping 38% in 2016 compared to the
2017.
previous year but it declined by almost 20% in 2017 to
reach $11 bn6 when compared to 2016. In 2018
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Figure 5: Renewable Energy Investment in India (USD Billion), Source: REN21
https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2018/07/BNEF-
Clean-Energy-Investment-Trends-1H-2018.pdf
India needs an investment in the range of approximately $ 0.14 trillion in renewable energy sector to realize the ambitious
target of 175 GW by 2022. The graph below depicts the projected annual investments required in the sector till 2022
covering all the technologies of renewable sector including small hydro, biomass, wind and solar.
and implemented from cradle to gate of the product life attention among market operators:
cycle. There are various quality assurance standards,
tests and certifications right from the products
manufacturing, shipments, integration and installation,
operation and maintenance and reliability testing.
Solar Energy Quality Infrastructure In India 14
In the certification field, design qualification is based on quality checks are meant to be performed across the
type testing according to IEC, EN or other national value chain at each stage of project development
standards. When type testing is combined with periodic starting from site development to Operations &
All the above defects arise not due to the quality issues,
but improper handling, installation and non – monitoring
at the project sites. There is a need for design and Design is based on standard codes. However,
installation framework for proper monitoring of site, skill there are concerns while designing for high
development of workers at site, improving the quality of corrosive areas like Radhanesdha/Dholera.
manpower, having insurance of modules & equipment, Annual degradation values can be interpreted
etc. in more than one way and hence lead to defects
and quality concerns.
Structure fabrication is an area of concern. For PID chances are higher for floating solar as we
example, structures do not have uniform are opting for framed modules. Double glass or
material thickness i.e. negative tolerance is
high quality back sheet can be a solution.
allowed and hence the reduction in overall
Recommendation: Specifications need to be
weight.
narrowed down for floating solar instead of
following existing specs.
Engineering
Solar Panels
Procurement Operations &
& Development Financing
& Maintenance
Components
Construction
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shed/standards?commttid=MjYx
9https://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/Internal2013.pdf 11https://standards.ieee.org/products-
10https://www.nfpa.org/Codes-and-Standards/All-Codes-and- services/nesc/index.html
Standards/List-of-Codes-and-Standards
There are various tests that are done to ensure Solar Inspection of customer-specific systems
Thermal quality standard, which are as follows: Testing of collectors, regulators, and storage
systems with component testing system
Collector testing on flat and vacuum tube
simulation (CTSS) based on the European
collectors that comply with European
pre-standard ENV 12977
standard EN 12975 and SRCC standard 100
International
Value Chain Quality Infrastructure
Organizations
•Manufacturers and Suppliers •Certification bodies •ISO
•Installation •Test laboratories •OIML
•Generation, Transmission & •Accreditation body •BIPM
Distribution •Standards bodies •IAF
•Consumers •Inspection bodies •ILAC
•Metrology institue •IEC
Thus, in order to implement quality assurance standards, all the elements of REQI need to work in close
instruments, it is required to first establish a Quality cooperation. There is a need to bridge the gap and
Infrastructure (QI). A quality infrastructure for enable a proper channel for communication between all
Renewable energy consists of various elements such as: the stakeholders involved in quality assurance and
renewable energy space. Regulatory authorities,
Regulatory Authorities, Accreditation bodies, Metrology
industry and quality infrastructure institutions
institute, certification bodies, test laboratories,
12 https://standards.ieee.org/standard/928-1986.html 14
13 https://standards.ieee.org/standard/929-1988.html https://www.iecee.org/dyn/www/f?p=106:49:0::::FSP_STD_ID
:19894
Methodology – This will not only improve the financial status of the
company by reducing overall expenses and costs, but
Proposed methodology that has been developed also develop the brand image of the company along with
consists of three key steps: trust of the customers.
1) Assessment of key situational components Aside from mentioned progress, renewable energy
sector is beleaguered by numerous concerns like poor
2) Determination of the level of REQI financial performance of DISCOMs, low ceiling tariffs,
3) Formulation of recommendations for transitioning to Insufficient evacuation infrastructure, etc.
the next level of REQI GoI along with stakeholders need to be take appropriate
measures to address these concerns and progress
towards achieving the goals and create a sustainable
The integration of quality infrastructure for Renewable environment for future generations. The availability of
energy with focus on reduction of energy costs and capital remains a concern which can be tackled easily
demonstration of energy efficiency forms the core of with the help of support from the government through
developing business models for Energy sector in current fiscal incentives. Additionally, it can ease rules around
scenario. With the continuous reduction in prices of solar tapping of foreign debt which will definitely help in
installation equipment such as solar modules, inverters, boosting the investments, along with addressing the
BOS etc., the focus is not only on the cost effective challenge of land acquisition. These ratifications will
certainly go a long way in meeting the 175 GW target.
Level Geographic Standards making organizations involved in Renewable Energy and Energy
coverage Efficiency
International Global ISO – International Organization for Standardization (Members = 163)
IEC – International Electro-technical Commission (IEC Family: 82 Members + 81
Affiliates)
Regional Europe CEN – European Committee for Standardization (National Members = 31)
CENELEC – European Committee for Electro-technical standardization (National
Members = 32 plus 11 National Committees)
Africa ARSO – African Organisation for Standardisation (Members = 29)
SADCSTAN – Southern African Development Community Cooperation in
Standardization (Members = 15)
AFSEC – African Electro-technical Standardization Commission (Members = 18)
AFRAC – African Accreditation Cooperation (Members = 8)
Asia Pacific PASC – Pacific Area Standards Congress
ASEAN – Consultative Committee for Standards and Quality
Eurasia EuroAsian Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification
Americas COPANT – Pan American Standards Commission
AMN – Asociación Mercosur De Normalización
CROSQ – CARICOM Regional Organization for Standards and Quality
CANENA – Council for Harmonization of Electro-technical Standards in the
Nations of the Americas
Middle East Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE)
National National standards 164 NSBs globally are members of ISO and listed on ISO website
bodies 82 National Committees Members of the IEC and 81 Affiliate Countries are
listed on IEC website
Electrical Research & Development Association (ERDA) is and its testing facilities and capabilities are recognized by
one of the premier testing laboratory in the country a number of national and international bodies. Testing
accredited by the National Accreditation Board for capabilities of ERDA are shown in the table below.16
Testing & Calibration Laboratories (NABL), Govt. of India
15https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/Accredited-
Test-centers-for-MNRE-Off-Grid-Programme.pdf; 16 https://www.erda.org/testing-facilities.html
https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/Details-of-
Accredited-Test-Centers-for-MNRE-Off-Grid-Programme.pdf
Result: EVA browning, broken glass, The test method includes the procedure and steps to be
delamination, etc followed during construction of the plant. The steps
include:
Insulation Test According to IEC61215:
Monitoring of overall quality of work during
Procedure: The modules are placed in a water construction
bath and 1,000 volts direct current is passed Time Schedule Monitoring
Result: Quality modules that can uphold a Inspection of site before material dispatch and
resistance for 2 minutes pass the insulation verification of material/equipment with
test available BOM
Components shall be chosen as per Quality
Infra-Red Tests under Load: control plan & approved vendor list issued by
Procedure: The modules are powered developer
backwards during the infra-red test to identify
possible weak spots in the cell area, The sample flow chart highlighting test under IEC
connectors and above all the junction box by 61215 is depicted below. 19
means of thermal imaging and infra-red
camera
17https://www.tuv.com/content-media-files/master- 18 https://www.tuvsud.com/en/industries/energy/solar-
content/services/products/1091-tuv-rheinland-photovoltaic- power/photovoltaic-balance-of-system-component-testing-
modules/t%C3%BCv-rheinland_brochure_pv-modules.pdf and-certification
19 http://suranasolar.com/IEC61215.pdf
IEC 61215/IS 14286 Design qualification test for Crystalline Silicon terrestrial photovoltaic module
IEC 61646/IS16077 Design qualification and type approval of thin film module
A. Solar Module Testing should not be less than 90% at the end of 10 years and
80% at the end of 25 years.
PV modules used in solar power plants must be
warranted for their output peak watt capacity, which B. Battery Testing
20https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/Rooftop-Solar-
PV-Quality-Standards_Revised.pdf
IEC 62548: Ed 1 Installation and Safety Requirements for Photovoltaic (PV) Generators
IEC 61194: 1992 Ed 1, /IS
Characteristic parameters of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems
14244
Grid connected photovoltaic systems -Minimum requirements for system
IEC 62446: 2009
documentation, commissioning tests and inspection
Crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) array - On-site measurement of l-V
IS/IEC 61829
characteristics
IEC 61725 Analytical expression of solar daily profiles
21
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Figure 14: Quality Infrastructure along the solar value chain, Source: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Report
3.5.3. Compulsory registration under BIS act for solar PV modules and its
components
To avoid installation sub-standard assets and save the
economy from NPA, MNRE issued notification for
compulsory BIS certification. Self-certification was allowed for Modules till March
Manufacturers have to follow 2019. For inverters, deadline is September 2019. There
necessary procedures make sure has been delay due to lack of clarity on process,
they are certified before the unavailability of labs, lack of testing facilities and skilled
deadline. The notification also man power.
mentions about proper disposing of Recommendation: Infrastructure is very important for
defective modules. These smooth implementation of quality control policy. Need
regulations help in boosting confidence of investors & clear roadmap for increasing facilities and improving
lenders. The industry touched a record low tariff of the process.
2.44/kWh in 2017 and over the last couple of years has
sustained around 2.6/kWh due to ceiling tariff imposed
by tendering authorities.
labs. Since PV module manufacturing at large scale is
still not possible, the government needs to take
In order to develop project, developers may relax on necessary measures to plug quality concerns across
quality norms to better their returns. More than 80% of other value chains.
modules installed till dated have been imported and has Construction of plants is another area of concern which
been a growing concern for the government with the government has to look into. The fall in tariffs
respect to the quality of plants being installed. predominantly leads to negotiation of EPC price.
There is hope that the PV industry will improve from Beyond a point, contractors either cut corners or back
such regulations and result in low tariff without out from the project, both scenarios affect the industry
compromising quality. and will in turn affect the economy. Emphasis on quality
project execution will safeguard the interest of all
As discussed in earlier sections, infrastructure adequacy stakeholders and economy.
will play a crucial role when implementation takes
place. Government needs to conduct workshops and
attract private players for setting up state of the art test
Electromagnetic Anti-Islanding
Compatibility Protection IEEE
Efficiency Environmental Electrical safety
(EMC) IEC 61000- 1547/IEC
Measurements Testing IEC 60068 IEC 62103/ IEC
6-2, IEC 61000-6-4 62116/UL 1741 or
IEC 61683 -2/IEC 62093 62109-1&2
& other relevant equivalent BIS
parts of IEC 61000 Standards
Warranty
Figure 16: IEC Standards for Inverters23 (Source: IEC and PV module output warranty for 25 years at the end of 10
SECI) years shall not be less than 90% and at the end of 25
years shall be less than 80%. Year on year degradation of
modules shall be as per module technology and data
Other Sub systems
sheet. In addition to power output warranty, modules
Other components such as cables & connectors, junction
must have 10 years material defect.
boxes, surge protection devices, etc. shall mandatorily
comply with relevant international/national standards. Minimum 5 years warranty for balance of plant and
overall workmanship.
Authorized Test Centers
Necessary test certificates from NABL centres in line with Recommendation: BNEF/ALMM list of manufacturers
IEC/BIS standards are mandatory before installation of can be considered. Insurance products need to be
components. Developers, contractors and available in the country. Currently only few commercial
manufacturers shall keep this in mind during vendor banks are offering insurance and even these do not cover
qualification process. If NABL test centres do have the complete useful life. All tenders must emphasis on
necessary infrastructure to test new type of product (eg Insurance requirements as this can have repercussions,
thin film module), then certificates issued by ILAC labs especially in the CPSU programs.
shall be accepted.
22http://seci.co.in/web- 23https://www.reliantemc.com/download/Standards/IEC-
data/docs/tenders/RfS%20UP%20Solar%20Park%20275%20M 61000-6-2.pdf
W%20Retender%202019%20Final_SECIWeb.pdf
Manufacture location - cells I-V curve for the module at Standard Test Wattage, Im, Vm and FF for the
& modules Condition (1000 W/m2, AM 1.5, 250C) module
Module IDs along with above data and Safe disposal of PV modules
performance for each module to be At the end of their life, modules shall be disposed in line
maintained. The list shall be submitted to with e-waste policy, 2011 and subsequent revisions.
SECI/MNRE
Based on discussion with developers, the rules make no
Weather monitoring stations shall be installed mention of solar PV waste. All central bids rest the
by developers and the data shall be submitted responsibility of handling and disposing on the
to SECI/MNRE developers. Recycling facilities need to be available and
hence there is a need for solar waste management and
For ease of data transfer, developers shall give manufacturing standards.
access to SECI/MNRE for installing additional
monitoring systems Robust policy to develop the market and make recycling
commercial viable. Europe Eco value can be considered
as an example for adopting safe disposal of PV modules.
IR/UV
Installation,
protected
Solar PV Mounting Inverters and DC/AC MCBs/JCB Testing and
PVC cables,
modules Structures SCADA protection /ACDC CBs Commissionin
pipes and
g
accessories
In order to facilitate the usage of quality infrastructure in IEC 60068-2/ IEC 62093 – Environmental testing
the installation of any rooftop solar PV plant, SECI has Typical technical features of the power conditioning unit
specified the technical guidelines for all the components shall be as follows.
(individually), to be followed during the erection of the
Table 11: Technical features of Power conditioning unit
PV plant which are detailed below. It is imperative to
adhere to these guidelines as non-compliance will lead
Properties Specifications
to the cancellation of the subsidy provided by SECI and
might even lead to disqualification of the PPA.24 Switching devices IGBT/MOSFET
IEC 62109-1, IEC 62109-2 – Safety & general Minimum inverter >93% ( for 10 kW and above )
efficiency and >90% (for less than 10 kW)
requirement
IEC/IS 61683 – Efficiency measurement THD and Power Factor < 3%, > 0.9
IEC 62116/UL 1741/IEEE 1547 – Islanding
prevention measures
24http://seci.co.in/web-
data/docs/tenders/Revised%20RfS%20Documents%20for%20
97.5MWp%20GCRT%20Tender.pdf
25
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IS-13779 Static Energy Meters Specification for heavy washers for steel
IS:6610
structures
IS-8686 Static Protection Relays
IS:12427 Hexagonal bolts for steel structures
IS-1248 Electrical measuring instruments
Methods of determination of weight of
IS-2099 High Voltage Porcelain Bushings IS:6745 zinc coating of zinc coated iron and steel
Minimum clearances for Outdoor articles
IS-10118
Switchgear Code of practice for Design Part I & II
Common Clauses for High Voltage IS:5613 Installation & Maintenance of Section of
IEC-694 Overhead Power Line
Switchgear and Control gear
26 27
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Bushings for alternating voltage above IS- General requirements for Circuit breakers
IS: 2099
1000 V 13118/1991 for voltage above 1000 V
28 29
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For newer upcoming technologies, reflectors other than glass mirrors will also be acceptable
subject to fulfillment of above requirement
Tracking Any reliable automatic tracking mechanism with motorized reverse in evening & park at
Arrangement morning position including safe position in case of abnormal operating conditions.
Made of standard components; to be protected from rain, dust & outside
environment
Tracking accuracy : +/- 0.5 degree (to be ensured using field-calibrated inclinometer)
Heat Receivers and Tested working fluid pressure: 1.5 times of designed pressure
piping o Receivers : Of boiler/ standard industry quality to sustain required temperature and
pressure
o Header material and piping : Designed & manufactured as per IBR/ standard industry quality
Insulation All working fluid piping to be insulated with minimum thickness of 50 mm of PUF or rock
wool. Headers or water-steam tank, insulated sides of receiver etc. to have minimum
insulation of 75 mm. For colder regions facing sub zero temperatures, minimum thickness will
be 100 mm and 150 mm respectively. In such regions cold water pipe lines including valves
etc. will also be insulated. Insulation on receivers should withstand a minimum temperature
of 600c.
All insulated components to have Al sheet or powder coated steel sheet cladding
Frames and Strong enough to avoid any deformation of any reflector dish during manhandling/
supporting tracking/under wind pressure of 200 km/hr
structure Of mild steel/ any other strong material with epoxy/anti-rust coating
Instrumentation Complete with all instrumentation such as pressure gauge, temperature indicator, fluid
and Control level indicators, safety valves, fluid meter etc. Data acquisition and control system with
online monitoring to be installed for automatic monitoring, control and record of all
important process parameters in installations above 500 sq. m. of dish area.
Other System with Scheffler dishes having single axis automatic tracking arrangement will not be
Requirements installed with more than 30 dishes at a place. For bigger systems, the dishes have to be of 2
axis automatic tracking mechanism
All parts/components will be of weather resistant design/specifications to withstand natural
weathering outdoors under local climatic conditions, for a minimum period of 15 years.
Warranty for a minimum period of 5 years will be provided by the supplier. Necessary
spares will also be provided so that the user do not face any problem atleast during the
warranty period.
The steel structures provided to support various components of the system will be
fabricated in such a way that they are able to take load (both wind load and static dead
load) of the whole system. In case the terrace where the system is to be installed is not
strong enough to bear the loads, these should be transferred into columns and beams and
30 https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/CST-Manuals/Scheffler%20Dish_E.pdf
31
https://mnre.gov.in/sites/default/files/schemes/Off-Grid-
%26-Decentralized-Solar-Cooker-Programme.pdf
reflectivity and absorbers absorptivity crossing more component testing, qualification and certification for the
than 90 percent. The benchmarks and standards needs products to have a level playing field. It is pre-requisite
to modify and should update accordingly. The standards to have all the testing facilities are adhered ISO/BIS
and testing procedures for the key components such as standards and quality management process. Currently
glass covers, absorber tubes, insulation thickness there are eight regional centers for testing of flat plate
optimization, fins and receivers etc. should be water heating systems, evacuated tube collectors, box
established. and dish type solar cookers and apart from that there are
two regional test centers for testing concentrated
Thermal energy storage plays a vital role in solar thermal
technology. The picture below depicts the list of test
applications, the thermal energy storage depends on the
centers currently active in India. 32
applications and the temperature range. There are
various technologies available to store the heat through
32
http://www.cshindia.in/images/images/Sunfocus/Sun%20Foc
us_Jan%20to%20Mar'%2017.pdf
Table 19: Status of testing procedures for different CST: (Source: UNIDO Newsletter)
33 https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/specifications_steam_generating_systems.pdf
For newer upcoming technologies, reflectors other than glass mirrors will also be acceptable
subject to fulfillment of above requirement
Tracking Any reliable automatic tracking mechanism with motorized reverse in evening & park at
Arrangement morning position including safe position in case of abnormal operating conditions.
Made of standard components; to be protected from rain, dust & outside
environment
Tracking accuracy : +/- 0.5 degree (to be ensured using field-calibrated inclinometer)
Heat Receivers and Tested working fluid pressure: 1.5 times of designed pressure
piping o Receivers : Of boiler/ standard industry quality to sustain required temperature and
pressure
o Header material and piping : Designed & manufactured as per IBR/ standard industry
quality
Insulation All working fluid piping to be insulated with minimum thickness of 50 mm of PUF or rock
wool. Headers or water-steam tank, insulated sides of receiver etc. to have minimum
insulation of 75 mm. For colder regions facing sub zero temperatures, minimum thickness
will be 100 mm and 150 mm respectively. In such regions cold water pipe lines including
valves etc. will also be insulated. Insulation on receivers should withstand a minimum
temperature of 600c.
All insulated components to have Al sheet or powder coated steel sheet cladding
Frames and Strong enough to avoid any deformation of any reflector dish during manhandling/
supporting structure tracking/under wind pressure of 200 km/hr
Of mild steel/ any other strong material with epoxy/anti-rust coating
Instrumentation and Complete with all instrumentation such as pressure gauge, temperature indicator,
Control fluid level indicators, safety valves, fluid meter etc. Data acquisition and control system
with online monitoring to be installed for automatic monitoring, control and record of all
important process parameters in installations above 500 sq. m. of dish area.
Scope This draft standard specifies requirements of paraboloid dish concentrator for process heating and
steam generation for temperature range of 60 OC to 350 OC. The paraboloid dish shall be useful for
steam generation, high pressure hot water and thermic fluid systems in the above mentioned
temperature range.
Reflector Aluminum reflector
Specular reflectance shall be minimum 88 percent (The specimen of reflector shall be tested
as per ASTM E 903. Measurement of spectral reflectance near normal conical reflectance is
made over the spectral range from approximately 300 to 2 500 nm with an integrating
sphere spectrophotometer having a small conical solid angle of incident flux on sample)
Durability shall be minimum10 years (The mirror specimen shall be subjected to the neutral
salt spray test as per IS 9844 or equivalent standards)
Thickness shall be 0.3 mm minimum in order to get paraboloid shape, if required.
Glass Mirrors
34 https://bis.gov.in/sf/med/MED4(11237)_25012017.pdf/
Specular Reflectance shall be minimum 94 percent. (The specimen of mirror shall be tested
as per ASTM E 903. Measurement of spectral near normal conical, hemispherical
transmittance (or reflectance) is made over the spectral range from approximately 300 mm
to 2 500 nm with an integrating sphere spectrophotometer having a small conical solid
angle of incident flux on sample.)
Durability shall be minimum 10 years. (The mirror specimen shall be subjected to the
neutral salt spray test as per IS 9844 or equivalent standards.)
Thickness of substrate shall be 0.38 to 0.5 mm and thickness of reflective film shall be 0.10
to 0.12 mm.
Receiver Absorber coating for absorber surface temperatures less than 200 OC shall be black chrome,
Assembly paint or selective coating [AS(C2-80)]. Minimum absorptivity of 0.9 in optical range of
wavelength (300 to 2 500 nm) and emmisivity less than 0.2 in IR range of wavelength. The
durability of absorber coating shall be minimum 10 years. The absorber sample shall be
subjected to the neutral salt spray test as per IS 9844 or equivalent standards. The exposed
sample should not have any blisters, degradation of back coating after exposure of 250 hrs.
No coating to be applied for absorber surface temperatures more than 200 OC for cavity
type receivers. The glass cover shall be optional on the receiver mouth. Transmittance of
glass shall be minimum 95 percent.
The absorber shall be made of boiler grade alloy steel or stainless steel as per IBR with
thickness suitable to stand the design pressure and temperature with corrosion margin as
per IBR.
Collector The basic framework of the paraboloid dish and support shall be standard structural steel or
and aluminum. The collector is made of aluminum or steel structure for mounting reflectors. The
support collector along with mirror is put on support structure along with tracking mechanism.
structure Structure design considering wind speed of 47 m/s under stow conditions & 10 m/s under
with civil operating condition and in line IS 875 (Part 2) and IS 875
foundation Collector structure and support in line with IS 2062, and corrosion protection by suitable
means (galvanization, paint, etc). Design life shall be 20 years
Tracking Maximum generation by tracking the moment of sun. Tracking shall include motors, gearbox or any
system similar mechanism using relevant IS standards and control system.
Accuracy requirement shall be decided for the specific manufacturer’s design which shall be
based on Concentration ratio.
Tracking Motor shall be Servo/Stepper/Induction as per IS 9815-1, IS 13079, IS 12615
respectively suitable for the load for taking in stow position at full speed.
Electrical system in line with IS 732 & control panel and electronic components shall be in
line IS/IEC 60529
Acceptance Criteria:
Paraboloid dish should have, ηo = 0.55 (minimum), a1 = (maximum), leading to overall thermal efficiency, η =
0.8 W/m2K (maximum) and a2= 0.001 W/m2K 4 0.4 (minimum)
Scope This standard specifies the requirements for Scheffler dish and various components, for process
heating and steam generation, for the temperature range between 100 OC to 175 OC.
Reflector Aluminum reflector
35 https://bis.gov.in/sf/med/MED4(11238)_25012017.pdf/
Tracking Enables to remain focused towards the sun so as to capture maximum possible direct radiation
system during the day. Tracking shall include motors, gearbox or any similar mechanism using relevant IS
standards and control system.
Scope This standard specifies requirements of non-imaging concentrator (NIC) for process heating
and steam generation for range 60 OC to 120 OC. The NIC shall be useful for low to medium
process heat application.
Reflector Material of reflector shall be Aluminum sheet with protective coatings for performance
enhancement and durability.
The reflector sheet shall have thickness in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 mm, suitable for
forming a parabola.
Reflectivity shall be minimum 90 percent. The specimen of mirror shall be tested as
per ASTM E 903. Measurement of spectral near normal cone hemispherical
transmittance (or reflectance) are made over the spectral range from approximately
300 to 2 500 nm with an integrating sphere spectrophotometer having a small coal
solid angle of incident flux on sample. The solar transmittance, reflectance, or
absorptance is obtained by calculating a weighted average over wavelength with a
standard solar spectral irradiance as the weighting function by either the weighted or
selected ordinate method.
Durability shall be minimum 10 years. The reflector specimen shall be subjected to the
neutral salt spray test as per IS 9844 and IS 3438. The specimen shall not have any
blisters, degradation of back coating after exposure of 250 hours.
Receiver Receiver assembly shall be made of an evacuated glass tube, U shaped tube to remove
Assembly absorbed heat & fins to transfer heat to the tube.
Evacuated Tube shall be as per IS 16543 suitable for stagnation temp of 300 OC
minimum.
Absorption of coating shall be minimum 90 percent
Glass transmission of outer glass shall be minimum 92 percent.
Emissivity of absorber coating shall be maximum 10 percent.
The inner absorber tube shall be selectively coated with aluminum nitride based
material or any equivalent.
Vacuum durability: 50 percent maximum as per IS 16543.
Test for vacuum performance in line with IS 16543
U-tube shall be manufactured using copper & stainless steel. Thickness as per IBR
code. Tube thickness & diameter as per manufacturer’s standards
Aluminium or copper can be used for metal fins. The thickness of fins shall be decided
by manufacturer with tolerances
Collector and The back cover shall be made of aluminum or Galvanized Iron sheet fixed on aluminum
support or steel frame. For fixing tube on module can be done with brackets and fasteners
structure Design in line with IS 800/IS 875 (Part 3), IS 875 (Part 2) & IS 875 (Part 3)
with civil Civil foundation in line with IS 456
foundation
Acceptance Criteria:
36 https://bis.gov.in/sf/med/MED4(11240)_25012017.pdf/
Scope This standard specifies requirements of solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) for process
heating and steam generation for range 60 OC to 250 OC. The PTC shall be useful for steam
generation, high pressure hot water and thermic fluid systems in the above mentioned
temperature range
Reflector Aluminum reflector
Specular reflectance shall be minimum 88 percent (The specimen of reflector shall be
tested as per ASTM E 903. Measurement of spectral reflectance near normal conical
reflectance is made over the spectral range from approximately 300 to 2 500 nm with an
integrating sphere spectrophotometer having a small conical solid angle of incident flux
on sample)
Durability shall be minimum10 years (The mirror specimen shall be subjected to the
neutral salt spray test as per IS 9844 or equivalent standards)
Thickness shall be 0.3 mm minimum in order to get paraboloid shape, if required.
Glass Mirrors
37 https://bis.gov.in/sf/med/MED4(11239)_25012017.pdf/
Tracking Enables to remain focused towards the sun so as to capture maximum possible direct radiation
system during the day. Tracking shall include motors, gearbox or any similar mechanism using relevant IS
standards and control system.
Accuracy requirement shall be decided for the specific manufacturer’s design which shall
be based on Concentration ratio.
Tracking Motor shall be Servo/Stepper/Induction as per IS 9815-1, IS 13079, IS 12615
respectively suitable for the load for taking in stow position at full speed.
Electrical system such as wiring, connections shall be as per IS 732
Electronic and control system mounted outdoor shall get exposed to all types of weather
conditions. In view of the same, the control panel and electronic components shall be
protected as per IS/IEC 60529
Acceptance Criteria:
Reflector
Type Specification
Glass mirror Material–Tempered and Toughened Solar Grade Glass tested for scratches and durability.
Shape – Parabolic
Thickness-3to4mm
Protective Coating–Edge Sealing coat on all sides of mirrors cut in different sizes after rubbing and
cleaning them properly. Special weather protection coat to be made for mirrors to be used in coastal and
colder regions.
38https://www.standardsbis.in/Gemini/search/Browse.action?d-16544-p=1&saleModeName=SOFT_COPY&d-16544-n=1&d-16544-
o=2&subDivisionId=203&d-16544-s=standard.sortOrder#
Absorber Design –Line around tube Material–Stainless Steel 304 grade Thickness–1-2mm Diameter 25-35 mm
Durability –Minimum 10 years
Absorber Material–Black Chrome/ Solar grade absorber paint/ Selective Coating (AS(C2-80)) Absorptivity – 0.90 –
Coating 0.95 Emissivity–0.09-0.15
Glass Cover Design -Linear round tube Material- Borosilicate glass Transmitivity–At least 95% Thickness–2-3mm
Diameter–50-80 mm Durability –Minimum 10 years
Absorber- Glass to Metal sealing methods– Matched thermal expansion seal and unmatched thermal expansion seal
Glass fixing
Receiver A receiver is fixed on to a mirror support structure with the help of standard steel sections/ angles
Fixing
Civil Foundation
Parameter Specification
Design Designed to rest on soil of sufficient strength or To suit the prevalent soil condition
Material Cement and concrete
Coating Coating of paint on exterior surface
Protection
Strength & Designed as per IS456 and allied/ applied codes considering a life span of 25 years.
Durability
Structure Steel Foundation
Design Structural steel frame
Material Standard structural steel as per IS 2062
Protection Cathode Electrode Deposition(CED) painting Process or Galvanization as per relevant code or epoxy
from coating/ PU paints
Corrosion
Strength & Designed as per IS800/ IS 875 and allied / applied codes considering a life span of 25 years.
Durability
Tracking system
Parameter Specification
Mechanism Microprocessor/ timer based single axis tracking system i.e. moves East- West
Control- Sun position sensors based tracking with feedback mechanism or Solar algorithm (preprogramed ) based
Logic tracking
Accuracy
Weather Cable channel for electric cables, Aluminum sheet cover on motors, Box casing for micro-processor based
Protection electronics
Table 26: Concentrated Solar Thermal Test Methods as per BIS test procedures-(Source: BIS)
Scope Thermal performance of tracking concentrating solar collectors and non-tracking non
imaging concentrator
Applicability This test method applies to one or two-axis tracking reflecting concentrating collectors
and non-imaging concentrator ( NIC) in which the fluid enters the collector through a
single inlet and leaves the collector through a single outlet, multiple collectors in series
having single inlet and outlet may also be used.
Test method Outdoor testing only, under clear sky, quasi-steady state conditions.
Outcome Focuses on alignment, preconditioning & calculation of efficiency and analysis of data
generated to give efficiency equation.
Out of scope Not applicable for durability or the reliability of any collector or component and safety
concerns, if any associated with its use.
Test method Thermal performance is the rate of heat gain of a collector relative to the incident solar
procedure power. This test method contains procedures to measure the thermal performance of a
collector for certain well-defined test conditions. The procedures determine the response
of the collector for various angles of incidence of solar radiation, and the thermal
performance of the collector at various operating temperatures. These quantities
determine the rate of heat gain, for the solar irradiance condition encountered. The solar
power incident on the collector is determined by the collector area, its angle relative to
the sun, and the irradiance measured during the test.
Flat plate collector •Solar flat plate collector shall conform to IS 12933
•Inner tank- IS 6911 or ASTM grade 304,304L,316, Mild steel sheet conforming to IS
1079 with anti-corrosive coating.
Storage water tank •Cladding- pre-painted galvanized steel conforming to IS 14246
•Insulation- Pre-injected PUF of minimum thickness 50mm. The free rise density of
PUF shall be minimum 26 kg/m3 and moulded density shall be minimum 36 kg/m3
•Diffuse flat plate reflector if provided shall be bright aluminium/stainless steel sheet
Diffuse flat plate reflector
of suitable thickness.
•Mild steel conforming to IS 2062 with hot dip galvanized or powder coated
•Galvanized steel sheet conforming to IS 277 with/without powder coating
Supporting frame stand
•Stainless steel.
•Aluminium with anodized coating
•IS 6392:1971 Steel pipe flanges
Pipe and fittings
• IS 6911: 1992 Stainless steel plate, sheet and strip
39https://www.standardsbis.in/Gemini/search/Browse.action?d-16544-p=1&saleModeName=SOFT_COPY&d-16544-n=1&d-16544-
o=2&subDivisionId=203&d-16544-s=standard.sortOrder#
ISO 9806:2013 - Solar energy -- Solar thermal 1. Dimensions - Shall conform to the
collectors -- Test methods40 requirements
ISO/DIS 9806-Solar energy -- Solar thermal 2. Visual Appearance– Shall conform to the
collectors -- Test methods41 requirements
3. Stagnation performance parameter test
ISO 9808:1990 - Solar water heaters -- Elastomeric
4. Stagnation solar irradiance test
materials for absorbers, connecting pipes and
fittings -- Method of assessment42
ISO 22975-1:2016-Solar energy -- Collector
components and materials -- Part 1: Evacuated
tubes -- Durability and performance43
40 https://www.iso.org/standard/59879.html 45 https://www.iso.org/standard/67978.html
41 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:9806:dis:ed-2:v1:en 46
42 https://www.iso.org/standard/17682.html https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=00000000003
43 https://www.iso.org/standard/61993.html 0341232
44 47 https://www.techstreet.com/standards/bs-en-12977-3-
http://www.estif.org/fileadmin/estif/content/projects/QAiST/ 2018?product_id=2012348
QAiST_results/QAiST%20D2.3%20Guide%20to%20EN%20129
75.pdf
Table 27: Specifications for box and dish type type solar cooker48
Parabolic dish made of single/ multiple reflectors fixed firmly to a rigid frame. The size and shape of the reflectors is
such when joined/fixed they automatically form non parabolic dish
Dish area 1 sq. m minimum
Reflecting mirrors
Bright anodized aluminum sheets/glass mirrors/ polymer film/any other better and
i) Material durable material with protective layers of coating on back surface and sides to protect
from exterior weathering effect. For coastal and colder regions, special protections to be
made.
With positive locking or sticking by good quality adhesives. Due protection of mirror
iii)Mirror coatings to be taken while fixing the mirrors. Tying of mirrors with wires not acceptable.
fixing For high wind areas special protection to be made.
Concentration ratio Over 80
Bowl Supporting frame The supporting frame for the reflecting bowl will be made of MS rings supported by MS
Strips or FRP material/thick MS wire-mesh structure. It will be rigid enough to avoid any
deformation of the bowl shape during manual/handling or under wind pressure. The MS
structure will have epoxy/ ant-rust coating.
Bowl stand Of mild steel epoxy/ powder coated.
With arrangement to hold cooking vessels of different sizes.
With suitable provision for securing the cooker to the ground.
Tracking Mechanism Manual or automatic
Designed to enable unrestricted 3600 rotation to parabolic dish around its horizontal
axis passing through its focal point and center of gravity and also around its vertical
axis, for adjustment of the cooker in the direction of the sun. With simple locking
arrangement to hold/ fix the bowl at a particular position
With pointer/ other arrangement to facilitate users positioning of the bowl exactly in
the direction of the sun
Cooking Vessel ISI mark pressure cooker of suitable capacity. Resistant black powder coated bottom.
48 https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/specifications_dish_solar_cookers.pdf
30%
These issues range from the uncertainty in the quality of
the components installed in the power plants to non-
availability of reliable site data. The equipment must
have suitable IS or IEC standards (as applicable) obtained
from the designated bodies. Errors can also get
generated due to inadequate wiring or cabling during the
installation process and hence a proper monitoring is
required. Operation and maintenance needs to be timely
and consistent once the power plant has been According to TUV Rheinland,
commissioned leaving no scope for prolonged and 30% of all the Solar PV plants
unnecessary downtime for the plant. The grid connected worldwide have serious
solar PV plants can become unstable and get shut down installation defects
in case of under drawl or over drawl of power from the Recently, TUV Rheinland (a testing, certification and
plant. Hence, it is mandatory to keep a regular check on auditing company) claimed that 30% of all the Solar PV
the consumption pattern from a specific plant and plants installed worldwide have serious installation
maintain the Grid stability. defects. With the policy support in the renewable sector
from the government, the installation of solar power
India has an ambitious target of taking the renewable
plants has shot up abruptly without a proper focus on the
energy capacity to 175 GW by 2022. Renewable energy
quality assurance of the infrastructure that are being
capacity addition saw a significant growth worldwide in
installed. Several requirements regarding quality control
the recent years and India did not lag behind, adding a
are being circumvented which need to be curbed or else
record 5.5 GW of solar power itself in the last financial
this will lead to the decline in the life of these plants.
year owing to the support from the government by
Manufacturing of equipment
Uncertainty in quality of the equipment
used
Planning
Lack of reliable site data
Installation
Installation/Cabling Errors
Operation & Maintenance
Maintenance problems
Transmission & Distribution
Additionally, there are certain important guidelines for ensure that quality is maintained throughout the scope
measuring the performance of O&M contractor to of contract. These include the following
Manufacturers
End user
Tracking Low Trackers enable reflectors to Currently the accuracy level of trackers are in the
Systems track the sun path and convert range of 98-99%. Although, there are no specific
the solar energy into thermal standards available in the market expect for the
form. torque and power consumption standards
The key components include In CST, the selection of tracker depends differs
hydraulic power pack, cylinder, from application to application. The power
sensors and electronic consumption and torque guidelines are not in
controllers, expect the hydraulic place as of now- which are highly recommended
power pack the other to improve the overall system efficiency.
components are imported by The tracker and the electronics are exposed to
tracker manufacturers high temperature conditions, the imported
Know-how of sensors and components should be reliable enough to
controllers operate under high temperature conditions.
Heat Medium Due to lack of demand for HTF Should promote R&D in HTFs to increase high
Transferri the manufacturing sector is weak heat density, stability, thermal conductivity, and
ng Fluid in India (ethylene and propylene latent heat capable of integrating with thermal
(HTFs) crude) that are used to produce energy storage.
HTFs.
.
There are many NABL accredited Currently synthetic oil with flashing point in the
laboratories to test and certify range of 120-220 Celsius is used for most of the
the oil properties in India. applications in India, which is again application
specific
Lack of quality and specification Few manufacturers globally trying to test the
standards for HTFs fluids with Nano particles with different ratio of
mixtures to improve conductivity to achieve
higher efficiency at optimal fluid rates.
Compliance with
international
6.35% standards
3 17.65%
7.91% Compliance with
BIS Standards
4.48%
Yes No
Periodic internal
stakeholders, across the supply chain to understand quality checks by
what the need of the hour is and what can realistically 28.38% top management
29.76%
be implemented.
Procurement
from certified
The survey comprised of 34 participants representing
vendors
NGOs, research institutes, testing agencies, 5.47%
manufacturers (system as well as individual Customer/benefi
ciary feedback
components), and beneficiaries from different
industries, including officials from state and central
Ministry. The questions were designed in a user friendly
manner without being loaded with too much technical
interpretations and expertise, but more intended
towards providing a generic perspective on quality. The In terms of quality defects, it is felt that the ‘post
key findings of the survey have been presented below. commissioning’ stage is the area which requires
immediate attention. This can be largely attributed to
To enhance quality measures, a number of stakeholders the lack of O&M support provided by the manufacturer
are of the perspective that quality somehow needs to for a sustained tenure and no clear guidelines/best
be factored in overall subsidy disbursal mechanism. practice manual from the Ministry on solar thermal.
Currently, no minimum quality guidelines or
Current Gaps in QI
24%
21%
18% 17%
14%
6%
Lack of requsiite Lack of skilled Lack of dedicated Presence of obselete Lack of requisite Low awareness
number of testing manpower policy framework standards number of levels pertaining to
labs certification/3rd standard adoption
party agencies
IS No. Title
732 : 1989 Code of practice for electrical wiring installations (third revision)
800 : 2007 General construction in steel — Code of practice (third revision)
875 (Part 3) : 2015 Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures — Code of practice (Part 3) :
Wind loads (third revision)
2062 : 2011 Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel — Specification (seventh revision)
9815-1 : 1994 Servo-motor operated automatic line voltage correctors (Part 1) : Correctors for single-phase
applications — Specification (second revision)
9844 : 1961 Methods of testing corrosion resistance of electroplated and anodized aluminum coatings by
neutral salt spray test
12615:2011 Energy efficient induction motors — Three phase squirrel cage (second revision)
12933-5 : 2003 Solar flat plate collector — Specification (Part 5) : Test methods (second revision)
13079 : 1991 Stepping motors — Specification
IS/IEC 60529 : 2001 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
Doc: MED 04 Concentrated Solar Thermal (Part 2) : Scheffler concentrator — Specification
(11238)
Doc: MED 04 Concentrated Solar Thermal (Part 5) : Test methods
(11241)
ASTM E903-12 Standard test method for solar absorptance, reflectance and transmittance of materials using
integrating spheres
SGS Germany has added three new types of a. PID Resistant – testing of PV modules
independent qualification tests to support PV modules’ for potential-induced degradation.
product bankability.
This report does not constitute professional advice. The information in this publication has been obtained or derived from sources believed by
PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited (PwCPL) to be reliable but PwCPL does not represent that this information is accurate or complete.
Any opinions or estimates contained in this publication represent the judgment of PwCPL at this time and are subject to change without notice.
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entirely responsible, based on the contents of this publication. PwCPL neither accepts or assumes any responsibility or liability to any reader of
this publication in respect of the information contained within it or for any decisions readers may take or decide not to or fail to take.
© 2019 PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited. All rights reserved. In this document, “PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers Private
Limited (a limited liability company in India having Corporate Identity Number or CIN : U74140WB1983PTC036093), which is a member firm of
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