3.3.1 Clinical-WPS Office
3.3.1 Clinical-WPS Office
3.3.1 Clinical-WPS Office
1 Clinical Teaching
1) Meaning
organised and implemented by the clinical instructors who accompany the students
in the clinical settings. Various other members of the health team also take part in
the clinical teaching programme like the Doctor, ward sister, staff nurse, dietitian,
physiotherapist etc.
observation of cases.
school staff should be alert to take advantage of all opportunities for teaching the
students. For the purpose of teaching and supervision of the students ward staff
(Nursing) can be assisted in acquiring the skill through post basic courses and
inservice education.
The various methods which can be used for clinical teaching include:
d) Nursing rounds.
The nursing care plan is the blue print of the nursing care which is planned to be
implemented based on priority nursing care needs of individual patient andlor family
The individual plan is prepared because each patientlfamily is unique, have different
The plan is prepared on the basis of priority needs because each individuaVfamily
has varied simple, complex, and crucial needs, all of which cannot be met
before any other problem. The nature of actual or potential health threatening
situation, e.g., life sustaining needs (basic needs) such as need for fresh air,
food and nutrition, safety, and love are more important than self esteem, self
actualization.
- Available resource.
The nursing care plan is projected plan for today's use as well as for tomorrow's
The nursing care plan(ing) is used as one of the method of clinical teaching to help
students learn the process of providing need. based nursing care to individual
patient or family.
Students are required to make assessment of each patient, write the care plan,
help and guidance in preparing an appropriate nursing care plan. This experience
would help students learn about the disease and the associated problems,
Some selective nursing care plans can also be presented and discussed for the
benefit of all the students to learn about some typical and rare cases.
You have already learnt the steps of preparing a nursing care plan in your course in
A nursing care study is one of the common and useful methods of teaching in
clinical areas.
A nursing care study is an in-depth study of a case to analyse the nursing problems
The patient for nursing care study is selected by the students in consultation
The student makes an in-depth study of the case using different methods.
For this, student is expected to make frequent and close contact with the
learn about the real nature of patient's problems, and evaluate the effects of
nursing care and results of medical treatment. The care plan is modified as
desired.
unpublished research thesis etc. She also needs to make use of her own
She may need to consult the physician, dietitian, social workers, and
discussion.
i) Better nursing care results because of the concentrated efforts on the part
and social factors on illness and recovery can be recognized and better
appreciated.
iv) This, in turn helps the student to understand the effect of the diseases on the
patient and his family, the role of the nurse in the prevention, care and
v) Nursing care study is a method which helps the student to learn and apply
vi) It also helps her to learn the sources of information available to the nurse.
viii) It helps to work out a nursing plan to suit the needs of the individual patients
ix) It helps to become familiar with professional literature which has special
bearing on nursing situation.
The bedside clinic, also at times is mentioned as nursing clinic always entails the
presence of the patient and has been one of the most effective methods of clinical
actual patient.
a As for all other clinical instruction methods, the topic on whom and where the
will help the students to study the clinical chart, review their class notes and
a The clinic can be held at the bedside or arrangements can be made to bring
a The clinic can be conducted by the Doctor, Ward Sister, and Clinical
The group in attendance at the clinic should be small enough to gather around
the bed in an informal way in order to make the patient feel at ease.
a Patient chosen for clinical demonstration should have typical rather than usual
conditions. The dramatic and a typical condition may leave the student with
erroneous impression.
a Prior permission should always be taken from the patient for presenting him to
the group and the purpose of the discussion. He should be the centre of
attention and nothing should be done or told which may hurt his feelings or
t a Usually, the patient is not present for the entire discussion. Before he is
brought in to the ward classroom or the group goes to the bedside, one of the
1 nurses who knows the patient describes his personal characteristics, family
background, his physical and mental condition etc. The nursing care and
problems related to his therapy is also discussed. The clinical instructor may
lead the discussion but the student looking after the patient should be
1 encouraged to be present. After this, the group interacts with the patient, asks
It is essentially the same as beside clinic. But the patient is usually not present for
any part of the class. This method may be used when the entire group is well
acquainted with the patient and the group would have nothing new to learn from
going to see him. It is however, important to note that the group members have
enough opportunity to know the patient, read patient history, progress notes,
Now we will discuss one of the very important methods which can be greatly used
You must have experienced the ward sisters, nursing superintendents taking
rounds of the hospital wards. This round helps the nursing members to know about
all the patients in the wards, their problems, and ways of solving the problems.
planning and prior information to students. In this method instead of one patient
being demonstrated all of the patients known to the group of students are
presented briefly.
- Ward rounds are usually conducted by the Ward Sister or Clinical Instructor
- The students should be informed ahead of time that this method will be used.
- Students may be taken around the ward, stopping briefly at the bedside of
each patient for a short discussion of the most significant nursing problem.
- The Instructor or the Ward Sister may call upon any nurse in the group to tell
what she knows about the patient and his nursing care.
- The student or the Staff Nurse who has been taking care of the patient during
the week may present the background information i.e. his history and medical
aspects of his care, nursing care which she thinks is essential. This is done
for understanding of the nursing care given or that should be given. She is
- Nursing rounds should not be taken for more than forty to fifty minutes and
Emphasis should be put only on nursing care during nursing rounds. Other
aspects even of interest cannot be fully presented during the short time
allotted for each case. This is because the whole ward or unit has to be
- It must be noted that in this type of teaching, those topics which may cause
Helps in arousing interest and initiative in the students to read the histories of
all the patients, review disease conditions, study about medication, doses,
the wardunit.
students' knowledge and acquaintance with all the patients in the wardunit.
Each student has the opportunity to know about the cases in general, the