Module 2 History 100
Module 2 History 100
Module 2 History 100
1. Legends
- the story of “Malakas at si Maganda”.
2. Waves of Migration
- Theorized by Prof. Otley Beyer
- The Negritos, Indonesians and Malays.
3. The Tabon Woman
- Found in Palawan who was present earlier than the Negritos.
4. The Callao Man
- Found in Cagayan believed to be present as early as 50,000 years ago.
5. Evolution Theory
- Theorized by Charles Darwin.
6. Creation Story
- The man is created in the image of God.
CAVEMEN
- Java Man (Links to an external site.), Peking Man (Links to an external site.), and other Asian
Homo sapiens
- 250,000 years ago
- lived by hunting and fishing
NEGRITOS
INDONESIANS
MALAYS
Early Shelter
Caves
Nipa Huts
- made of nipa leaves, wood and bamboo having a square shape and about 1 meter above
ground.
- it was the most common type of house early Filipino used for shelter
Tree Houses
Houses on Stilts
Early Clothing
Male:
Bahag – a strip of cloth wrapped around the waist and between the legs.
Female:
Livelihood
Industries
SOCIAL LIFE
1. Datu
- -he was the tribe leader and the chieftain.
- -in Tagalog region, he was known as Lakan or Gat.
- -he served as the religious leader, can declare war and made important tribal decision-making.
*Dayang-dayang - wives of the datu.
2. Maharlika (tumao)
- considered as the noble and free people.
- they always travelled with the chieftain.
- they are merchants in nature. Also, they were assigned to meet foreign traders.
3. Timawa (Timagua)
- they were composed of soldiers, rowers of boat and datu’s guards.
- they could live in other barangays as a privilege.
4. Alipin (Oripun)
- they have the lowest status in the society before.
3 Types:
Political System
1. Barangay
- standard unit of government
- -it consisted of 30 to 100 families.
- -it was ruled by a chieftain.
- Ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused was determined by
subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. The proof of
innocence was survival.
Taxation
- -the chieftain’s family,maharlika and timawa were exempted from paying taxes.
- -people pay taxes to the chieftain in exchange of protection they will receive. (Alipin class)
- -Non- payment of taxes was punishable.
War Declaration
- before declaring war against other tribes, the datu and the katalonan were the people
making decisions.
System of Writing
Baybayin
BURIAL CUSTOMS
1. Manunggul jar
- bones of the deceased are buried.
- the two human figures represent the soul on a journey to the afterlife.
2. Hanging corpse
- practiced by the Manobos.
- wrapped the corpse in mat and bamboo slats to hang up on the tree.
3. Hanging coffins
- practiced in Sagada, Mt.Province.
- believed to bring the deceased closer to heaven.
4. Tree trunk burial
- practiced by the Tagalogs
- a dying person chooses the tree beforehand when he or she becomes terminally ill, the
corpse is then entombed vertically inside the hollowed-out tree trunk.
5. Wrapped corpse burial
- practiced by the Apayao’s
- wrap the deceased person in a mat and buried.
Arts
1. Death Masks
- These gold masks were buried with the dead to go along with them to the spirit world.
They believed that once they are ferried over a spiritual river to the afterlife, those who
wore gold and are covered with tattoos are recognized by the ancestors and deities.
They are supposed to wear these to be accepted. The masks usually covered the eyes,
nose and mouth and are delicately decorated depending on social status.
2. Kinnari
- The Kinnari was excavated in Surigao at around 1981. It is a gold artifact that symbolizes
the feminine beauty for it is a half-woman, half- bird, and a religious significance for it
encapsulates grace and accomplishment.
Jewelry
Filipino upper-class society, warriors, common people and slaves wore gold even to their grave. Of
course, the intricacy depends on their social status but imagine how rich the Philippines was then. It
was part of their everyday clothes.
A man must serve the family of the woman for several years before marrying the woman.
THINGS USED:
SURVIVAL
WEAPONRY
balaraw – a dagger with a single-edged leaf shaped blade and a cross shaped hilt.
kampilan – long and straight with a single edge which widens to a dual point.
lantakas – small cannons.