TARAY - ACE 14 Laboratory Report Format
TARAY - ACE 14 Laboratory Report Format
TARAY - ACE 14 Laboratory Report Format
ACE 14
Basic Electronics
Submitted to:
Dareal Alann B Garcia, EcE
Electronics Engineering Department
Submitted by:
Taray, Feolo Riel B.
BS Mechanical Engineering – (3rd Year)
Contents:
0. Format
1. Experiment 1: Title
2. Experiment 2: Title
3.
Format:
I. Objective/s:
II. Context
III. Circuit
VI. Conclusion
Experiment 0: Ohm’s Law (SAMPLE)
I. Objective/s:
The purpose of this activity is to demonstrate Ohm’s Law with a simple electronic
circuit, and introduce the learner with the LTspice software environment.
II. Context
Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly
proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of
proportionality, the resistance, one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that
describes this relationship:
I = V/R
where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the voltage
measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the
conductor in units of ohms.
III. Circuit
V. Deliverables
VI. Conclusion
Experiment 1: Diodes in a rectifier
VII. Objective/s:
The purpose of this activity is to discuss the operation and application of rectifiers,
identify the pathway of current through a rectifier and describe how diodes control
this current flow, and implement a full-wave rectifier with filtering to convert an
AC signal to DC.
VIII. Context
Rectifiers convert Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC) using a
component that allows electrons to flow in one direction. In the previous lab, we
explored half-wave rectifiers, which only allowed half of an AC waveform to pass
through. While the output is unidirectional, it is pulsating and requires more
filtering to establish a useful DC current. To achieve steady DC from a rectified AC
supply, there needs to be a smoother circuit or filter. Prior to the early 1900s power
conversion devices were electromechanical in design.
These early systems used a form of rotary or resonant vibration and were
magnetically driven to reverse the current. Dynamos were eventually replaced with
cheaper alternators that produced power that was easier to distribute. This was
when tube type rectifiers were developed, and the semi-conductor diode was
invented.
IX. Circuit
X. Measured Data
a. Voltages/Currents (when applicable)
b. Signal Waveforms (when applicable)
XI. Deliverables
1-4. Does the signal measured through the resistor confirm your
hypothesis about the path of the current for both phases of
the sine wave? Explain how the diodes are routing the AC
current through the resistor.
- Yes, it does measure through the resistor because the resistor
experiences current in both phases, the current direction
simply switches from time to time. The AC current is routed
from LED2- R1-LED4 during the positive phase. Then, in
the negative phase, AC current is routed from LED3-R1-
LED1. After each phase, the current direction simply flows
alternately.
1. Conclusion
A rectifier is a device that transforms alternating current (AC) to direct current
(DC). To reduce the power loss and reduce the ripples at the output, full wave
rectifier will be used. The full wave rectifier rectifies both positive and negative
half cycles of the input AC signal. Even though the full wave rectifier rectifies both
positive and negative half cycles, the output DC signal retains some ripples. We
apply a filter to decrease the ripples at the output. Therefore, the essential
components for this simulation's rectifier are four diodes, an alternating current
source, and a resistor. The diodes play the most important function because they
cause the electricity to flow in just one direction. There will be no distinct direction
for a current to travel without the full-wave rectifier since it always alternates in
both positive and negative cycle.
Zener diodes are useful because they may be used to limit electrical current by
connecting numerous resistors in series and to limit electrical voltage by connecting
multiple Zener devices to ground. It is also vital for the application of overvoltage
protection.
III. Circuit
VI. Conclusion
Zener Diodes may generate a steady voltage output with low ripple under variable
load current conditions. As shown in this activity, we can identify that Zener diodes
can be used as voltage regulators. Zener diodes provide several functions, including
voltage regulation and voltage shifter. We may apply Zener diodes in our circuits
for certain applications that require what Zener diodes are designed for.
Experiment 3: Bipolar Junction Transistors
VII. Objective/s:
The purpose of this activity is to discuss the characteristics, operation and application
of a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), identify the regions of operation of a BJT, and
manipulate the input to a BJT to operate the BJT as a switch.
VIII. Context
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a device with three terminals capable of
amplifying a signal. Bipolar transistors use both electrons and holes to conduct
current in the same device. In order for a bipolar transistor to function as a current
amplifier, the collector-base junction must be reverse biased and the emitter-base
junction must be forward biased.
BJT can also be utilized as an amplifier, filter, rectifier, oscillator, or even a switch, as
shown in the first section. If the transistor is biased into the linear zone, it will work
as an amplifier or other linear circuit.
IX. Circuit
BJTs Circuit 1
BJTs Circuit 2
X. Measured Data
a. Voltages/Currents (when applicable)
b. Signal Waveforms (when applicable)
BJTs Circuit 1
BJTs Circuit 2
XI. Deliverables
1-1. What is the main purpose of a rectifier?
- C. A BJT is a device with three terminals capable of amplifying
signals. Ans.
1-3. Use the chart below to compare the procedures from the
simulation, the IV Analyzer and the instrumentation
measurement activities. What are their advantages and
disadvantages?
- The advantages of using the simulations are that we can be able
to determine the values and data before we can apply them in
actual in order to see if circuits will break or not. The
disadvantage is that for us students we cannot use other
features since it needs a premium account which prevents us
from determining some data.
XII. Conclusion