Report On RFID
Report On RFID
Report On RFID
TECHNICAL REPORT
RFID – Radio Frequency IDentification
By
A. Sai Joshitha
17011A0423
B-Tech 3rd year.
Preface:
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
ABSTRACT
4
Introduction
5
Development of RFID Concept
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• MarioCardullo receives first patent for passive RFID(1973)
• In the 21st century, Commercial applications of RFID entered
the mainstream.
• Now,RFID became part of everyday life and its explosion
continues
Reader
Tags
Host
Antenna
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Tags:
Tags are made of these parts
1. Chips: Hold information about physical object.
2. Antenna: Transmit Radio signal.
3. Package: Encases the chips and antenna, so that tag can be
attached to physical object.
Active tags:
• Active Tags Contain a battery that runs the microchip
circuitry.
• Tag is able to send a stronger signal top the reader due to
battery
($20-$40per tag).
• Active Tag Allows a read range of about 100 feet.
Passive tags:
• Passive Tags Doesn’t contain a battery and get power from a
reader.
• Reader send electromagnetic waves that produce a current in
the tags antenna which then powers the microchip’s circuits
($0.25-$3 per tag).
• Passive Tag Allows a read range of about 30 feet.
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What is Inductive coupling?
Transfer of energy for one circuit to another through a shared
magnetic field powers microchip.
Circuitry uses load modulation to send data back to reader.
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Operating principle
A RFID reader stays powered on all the time and is normally powered
from an external power source. So when it is ON, the oscillator in it
generates a signal with a desired frequency but as the signal strength will
be very less (which may lead to fading off the signal if it is transmitted
directly) it has to be amplified which can be done using
an amplifier circuit, inorder to propogate the signal to a longer distance
we need to modulate the signal which is done by a modulator. With all
these improvements the signal is now ready to be transmitted which can
be done by an antenna which converts the electrical signal into a
electromagnetic signal.
The RFID reader signals are everywhere with it’s promity to detect a tag.
When a RFID tag comes in the proxmity of the RFID reader the tag detects
the readers signal through a coil present in it which converts the received
RF signal into a electrical signal. This converted signal alone is sufficient
to power up the microchip present in the tag. Once the microchip gets
powered up, its function is to send the data (unique ID) which it is stored
in it. The same way the signal came in, it is sent out through the same coil
into the air.
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Advantages:
• RFID tags are very simple to install/inject inside the body
of animals ,thus helping to keep a track on them.
• RFID technology can’t be easily replicated and therefore it
increases the security of the product.
• It doesn’t requires line of sight communication.
Disadvantages:
• It is difficult for an RFID reader to read the information in
case of RFID tags installed in liquids and metal products.
• Many countries have different range of frequencies that
allow RFID tags to function.
• Signals can collide when multiple signals are read at once.
Applications
RFID can be used in a variety of applications, such as:
Access management
Tracking of goods
Tracking of persons and animals[30]
Toll collection and contactless payment
Machine readable travel documents
Smart dust (for massively distributed sensor networks)
Locating lost airport baggage[31]
Timing sporting events
Tracking and billing processes
Monitoring the physical state of perishable goods
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Conclusion:
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REFERENCES AND BIBLOGRAPHY:
• www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-
Article.asp
• http://www.fireflyrfidsolutions.com/firefly-
university/what-is-rfid-copy/index.html
• https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-
article/3271/rfid-applications
• http://www.u.arizona.edu/~obaca/rfid/histor
y.html
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