Ikan Di Kepualauan Indo-Australia
Ikan Di Kepualauan Indo-Australia
Ikan Di Kepualauan Indo-Australia
OF THE
1NDO- AUSTRALIAN
cCHlPELAOO
BERKELEY^
L1BR
CALIFORNIA
"^
v^.
EARTH
OF THE
INDO-AUSTRALIAN ARCHIPELAGO
THE FISHES
OF THE
INDO-AUSTRALIAN ARCHIPELAGO
ill
APODES, SYNBRANCHI
with 214 illustrations
BY
AND ;
Dr. L. F. DE BEAUFORT
LEIDEN 1916.
E. J. BRILL Ltd.
V.3
uO
always received.
Dr. G. DUNCKER from the Hamburg Museum was kind
enough to send us for inspection all the Cyprinoidea from the
Archipelago, which are under his charge. This important col-
lection was of much help in our study.
We have also to thank Dr. J. PELLEGRIN for very valuable
informations about some types preserved in the Museum
d'histoire naturelle at Paris and Dr. R. GESTRO, Director of
the Museo Civico of Geneva, for some cotypes of species
described by PERUGIA.
The Head is measured from the tip of the snout to the end
of the opercle, itsproportion to the length is indicated e.g.
head 4 4 / 2 means, that the length of the head
1
as follows:
1
is contained 4 to 4 / 2 times in the length.
Height is the maximum height; in special cases it is indi-
cated how it is measured; the figures placed behind "height"
indicate how many times it is contained in the length.
The size of the Eye, the length of the Snout, of the Jaws
etc. are compared with the length of the head; thus "eye 4"
means, that its/4
diameter
of the length of the head.
is
J
the dorsal fin and the lateral line and 6 to 7 below it, the
lateral line itself is in this case not counted. In other cases
4V,
the lateral line itself is also counted f. i. L. t. I
(between
I
between the dorsal fin and the lateral line, one in the lateral
line itself and one between it and the ventral fin.
In the Fin formulae the spines and the simple, non-branched
MAX WEBER.
L. F. DE BEAUFORT.
page page
Order Ostariophysi Sagemehl i. choirorhynchus (Blkr.). 25
(continued). 3. Eucirrhichthys Perugia 26
doriae Perugia. 27
2. Suborder CYPRINOIDEA . i
27
I.Fam. HOMALOPTERIDAE . . 2 i.pallens (Vaill.) . 28
1. Gastromyzon Giinther . . 2 2. macrochir (Blkr.). 29
1. borneensis Gthr. . .
3 3. hasselti (C. V.) .
29
2. nieuwenhuisi (Popta) .
4 5. Acanthophthalinus>\zzk.zr 30
2. Glaniopsis Boulenger . .
5 i.pangia (Ham. Buch.) .
31
i. hanitschi Blgr. ... 5
2.shelfordi Popta . .
.32
3. Homaloptera van Hasselt. 6 3. lorentzi n. sp ..... 32
1. wassinki Blkr. ... 9 4. kuhli (C. V.) .... 33
2. ocellata (C. V.) . . . 10
j
5. borneensis Blgr. ... 34
3. modiglianii Perugia . .11! 6. vermicularis n. sp. . .
34
4. gymnogaster Blkr. . . 1 1
j
7. anguillaris Vaill. . .
.35
5. amphisquamata n. sp. . 12 I
6. Elxis Jordan & Fowler .
35
6. heterolepis n. sp. . . 12 j
i.obesus (Vaill.) ... 36
7. whiteheadi Vaillant .
.13 7. Vaillantella Fowler. .
.36
8. lepidogaster n. sp. .
.14 1. euepipterus (Vaill.). 37 .
9. zollingeri Blkr. . .
.14 2.maassi M.Web & de Bfrt. 38
10. ophiolepis Blkr. . .
.15 8. Nemachilus Bleeker .38 .
page page
z.Laubuca Bleeker ... 47 21. reticulata M. Web. & de
1. Subgenus Laubuca Blee- Bfrt Si
ker .... i, . .
48 2. Esomus Swainson ... 82
i.laubuca (Ham. Buch.) 48 i. danrica (Ham. Buch.). 83
2. Subgenus Eustira Giinther 48 3. Danio Hamilton Buchanan 84
i. maassi (M. Web. & de 1. Subgenus Danio Ham.
Bfrt.) ...... 49 Buch 85
3. Chela Hamilton Buchanan 50 2. Subgenus Brachydanio
1. oxygastroides (Blkr.) .
51 subg. n 85
2. hypophthalrnus Blkr. .
52 i Danio (Brachydanio)
.
page page
2. fasciata Blkr. . .
.114 5. tambra (C.V.) .
152 . .
6. repang Popta. . .
.131 3. brevis (Blkr.). . .
.176
7. vittatus (C.V.) [Blkr.] .
131 4. belinka (Blkr.) . .
.177
70 triporus (Blkr.). . .
133 5_schwanefeldi (Blkr.) .
178
7# intermedius n. sp. . .
134 6. lateristriga (C.V.) .
.179
7^bellus Popta. . . .
134 7.everetti (Blgr.) . . . 180
8.
brachynotopterus(Blkr.) 134 8. hexazona (M. Web. &
9. hasselti (C.V.) . .
.135 de Bfrt.) . . . . 181
10. waandersi (Blkr.) .
.136 9. pentazona (Blgr.) . . 182
n.kappeni-(Blkr.) . . .
137 10. tetrazona (Blkr.). . .
183
12. brevicauda n.sp. u.fasciatus (Blkr.). .184
. .
138 .
page page
25-sunieri n. sp 199 i.kallopterus (Blkr.) 230 .
(Vaill.) 237
20. Barbichthys Bleeker .
.207
Cirrhina breviceps C.V.
i.laevis (C.V.) . ... 208
temmincki
. .
238
2i.Labeo Cuvier Opsariichthys
209
(Schleg.) 238
i.SubgenusMbru/iiis Bleeker 210
i.
chrysophekadion(Blkr.)2io Appendix.
2. Subgenus Labeo Cuv. s.str. 2 1 1 Aperioptus pictorius Richard-
1. erythropterus (C.V.) . 212 son 238
2. molitorella (C.V.) .
.213
3. rohitoides (Blkr.) .
.214 Order APODES Linne. . .
240
4. pleurotaenia (Blkr.) .
215 1. Fam. ANGUILLIDAE . . .
242
22.Schismatorhynchus Blee- i.Anguilla Shaw. . .
.242
ker 216 1. elphinstonei Sykes . .
244
1.heterorhynchus (Blkr.) 218 2. mauritiana Benn. . .
245
23. Tylognathus Heckel p.p. 218 3. celebesensisKp. . .
247
i.hispidus (C.V.) . . . 220 4. malgumora Kp. . . . 248
2. bo Popta 221 5. spengeli M: Web. . .
249
3.kajanensis Popta . .221 6. australis Rich. . . .
249
4.1ehat (Blkr.) .... 222
S.falcifer (C.V.) . . .222 2. Fam. CONGRIDAE. .251 . .
6. schwanefeldi (Blkr.) .
223 i.Muraenesox Me Clelland 252
Doubtful species: i.cinereus (Forsk.) .253 .
i .
Tylognathu s hasselti 2. talabon (Cantor) .255 .
page page
4. Urocoiiger Kaup . .
.264 3. melanotaenia Blkr.. .
289
i.lepturus (Rich.) . . .
265 4. filaria (Gthr.) . . .
290
2.braueri nov. nomen . 266 4. Cirrhimuracna Kaup .
290
5. Poeciloconger Giinther . 266 1. tapeinopterus Blkr. .
291
i.fasciatus Gthr. . .
.267 2. chinensis Kaup . . .
292
3. chilopogon (Blkr.) . .
293
3. Fam. NEENCHELIDAE. . . 268 5. Leiuranus Bleeker. .
.293
\.Neenchelys Bamber . .268 i. semicinctus (Lay &
i.buitendijki n. sp. . . 268 Benn.) 294
6. Pisoodonophis Kaup
4. Fam. NETTASTOMIDAE .
.269 (emend. Bleeker) . .
295
1. Venefica Jordan & Davis 270 1.
hypselopterus (Blkr.). 296
i. procera (Goode & Bean) 271 2. boro (Ham. Buch.) .
297
3. micropterus Blkr. . .
298
5. Fam. HETEROCONGRIDAE .
271 4. hoeveni (Blkr.) . . .
299
i.Heteroconger Bleeker . .272 5. cancrivorus (Rich.). .
300
i.polyzona Blkr. . . .
272 7. Ophichthys Ahl. . . .
300
1 .
bonaparti (Kaup) . .
303
6. Fam. MYRIDAE .... 272 2. cephalozona (Blkr.) .
303
\.Paramyrus Giinther .
.273 3. bernsteini (Blkr.) . .
304
i. microchip (Blkr.) .
.273 4. apicalis (Benn.) . . .
305
2. Muraenichthys Bleeker 274 .
5. singapurensis Blkr. . .
306
i.macropterus Blkr. .275 . 6. macrochir (Blkr.) . .
306
2.gymnopterus(Blkr.) 276 .
7. polyophthalmus Blkr. .
307
3. sibogae n. sp. 276 . . . 8. melanochir Blkr. . .
308
4. gymnotus Blkr. . .
.277 9. altipinnis (Kaup) . .
308
5.schultzei Blkr. . .
.277 10. rhytidoderma (Blkr.) .
309
6. macrostomus Blkr.. .
278 11. rhytidodermatoides
7. huysmani (M. Web.) .
278 (Blkr.) 309
8. acutirostris n. sp. .
.279 i2.1umbricoides (Blkr.). .310
13. macclellandi (Blkr.) .
311
7. Fam. OPHICHTHYIDAE . . 280 14 celebicus (Blkr.) .
.311
\.Hemerorhinus n.g. . .281 15. versicolor (Rich.) .
.312
i.heyningi (M. Web.). . 282 8. Brachysomophis Kaup 313 .
2.Myrichthys Girard. .
.283 1. Subgenus Brachysomophis
i.Subgenus Myrichthys Kaup.
Girard
(s. str.) 283. . . i.crocodilinus (Benn.) 314 .
i. colubrinus (Bodd.) . .
285 i.kampeni n. sp. . .
.316
3. Callechelys Kaup . . .286 2.typus Blkr 317
1. sibogae M. Web. . .288 y.Sphagebranchus Bloch .317
2. marmoratus (Blkr.). . 288 i. vulturis n. sp. . .
.319
XIV
page page
2. polyophthalmus(Blkr.) 320 5. rhodochilus Blkr. . .
350
3. orientalis (Me Clell.) 321 . 6. delicatula (Kaup) . .
350
4. klazingai M. Web. .321 7. amblyodon (Blkr.). 351 .
mindora(Jord.&Rich.)322
5. 2. Rhinomuraena Garman. 352
6. macrodon Blkr. 323 . . i.ambonensis Barb. .
.353
y.bicolor (Kaup). 323 . .
3. Thyrsoidea (Kaup p. p.)
8. lumbricoides Blkr. 324 . Bleeker 354
9. misolensis (Gthr.) 324 . . i.macrurus (Blkr.) . .
355
10. kaupi Blkr 325 4. Muraena Linne . .
.356
ii.moluccensis (Blkr.) .325 1.
Subgenus Muraena Linne
i2.gjellerupi n. sp. . .
326 (s.str.) 357
i.pardalis Schleg. . .
.357
8. Fam. NEMICHTHYIDAE . .
326 2. Subgenus Strophidon Me
\.Cercomilus M.Weber
327 . Clelland 359
i. flagellifer M. Web. 328 . i.brummeri Blkr.. .
.359
2. Ncmichthys Richardson 328 3. Subgenus Gymnothorax
i.scolopaceus Rich. 330 . Bloch 360
3. Serrivomer Gill & Ryder 331 i.picta Ahl 363
i. sector Garman. .
.332 2. thyrsoidea Rich. .
.365
4. Avocettina Jordan & 3. schismatorhynchus
Davis 333 Blkr 366
i.infans (Gthr.) . . .
334 4. meleagris Shaw . .
.367
5. polyuranodon Blkr. .
369
9. Fain. SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE 334 6. tile (Ham. Buch.) .
.370
\.Synaphobranchus John- 7. punctatofasciata (Blkr.) 371
son 335 8. petelli Blkr 372
i.brevidorsalis Gthr. 335 .
9. ruppelli Me Clell. . .
372
10. flavimarginata Riipp. .
374
10. Fam. MORINGUIDAE. . .
336 11. melanospilus Blkr.. .
375
i. Moringua Gray . .
.337 12. undulata (Lac.). . .
376
1. bicolor Kaup . . .
338 13. favaginea Bl. Schn. . .
378
2. microchir Blkr. . .
338 14. chilospilus (Blkr.) . .
379
3.macrochir Blkr. .
.339 15. zonipectis (Scale) .
.381
4. floresiana n. sp. 340 . . 1 6.
margaritophora Blkr. .
382
5. macrocephala (Blkr.) 341 i7.richardsoni Blkr. 383. .
page
2. angusticauda n. sp.. 389 . 2. Leptocephalus taenia Less. 404
3, moluccensis (Blkr.) 390 .
3. Leptocephalus mirabilis Br. 406
5. Subgenus Erie hdy nassa
Kaup 390 Leptocephali from the indo-
i.canina (Q. G.) australian Archipelago, which
. . .
390
are insufficiently known.
5. Gymnomuraena Lacepede 392
i.tigrina (Less.) . . .
393
1. Leptocephalus dentex Can-
2. concolor (Riipp.) tor 408
. .
395
3. macrocephalus Blkr. .
396
2. Helmichthys oculus Peters 408
4. marmorata Lac. . .
397 3. Leptocephalus ceramensis
Blkr 408
LARVAL STAGES OF APODES :
4. Leptocephalus taenioides
LEPTOCEPHALI . . .
398 Blkr 408
Lcptocephali possibly belonging 5. Leptocephalus hypselosoma
to
Angnilla. (Blkr.). 408
6.
.
Leptocephalus indicus Leptocephalus javanicus
M. Web 399 Stromman 409
2. Leptocephalus peterseni
M. Web 400 Order SYNBRANCHOIDEA 41 1
2. Suborder Cyprinoidea.
(Eventognathi Gill).
of snout Homaloptera p. 6.
i. Gastromyzon Gunther.
;
Head and anterior part of body ventrally flattened. Head
and snout b'road, rounded, eye superior, with a free orbital
aia'fgin.. Anterior and -posterior nostrils separated by a cutaneous
flap. Mouth inferior, transverse, slightly curved; at its corner
a more or less rudimentary barbel, 4 others before the mouth.
Pectorals with a long base beginning vertically below eye;
ventrals with a long curved base, united posteriorly; between
base of pectorals and ventrals a lateral extension of the abdo-
minal skin (Fig. la). By this arrangement the whole flattened
abdominal surface, together with the fins and the flattened
lower surface of the head forms an enormous suctorial disc.
Ventrals with 1821 rays. Dorsal and anal short. Scaly with
Gastromyzon borneensis Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) XIV. 1874, p. 454.
Lepidoglanis monticola Vaillant, Compt. rend. Congres intern. Zool. 1889, p. 81.
Gastromyzon monticola Vaillant, Compt. rend, sommaires Soc. Philom. de Paris
n. 2, 9 Nov. 1891. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, p. 94.
Gastromyzon borneensis Steindachner, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. XXV. 1901 p. 455. ,
4
Gastromyzon borneensis Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. (2) LVII. 1905, p. 477.
Gastromyzon borneensis Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 187.
19
D. 3.8; A. 1.6; P. 26 28; V. 20 21; L. 1. circa 65; L. tr. _i_.
12
3
4 / 4 to more than 5 in length with caudal. Eye 5. 5 8, 2. 5 4
according to size; situated in the third fourth
in interorbital space,
of the length of the head. Mouthopening very slightly curved,
2
/3
of the greatest breadth of the head. Upper lip concealed
by rounded frontborder of head, consisting anteriorly of three
oval portions, a larger median and two lateral ones; at the
outer corner of lastnamed a small barbel, an equally small
barbel on each side between the median and lateral one; they
are shorter than the eye. A
smaller one on a fold at the corner
of the mouth, which
continued in the fringed lower lip.
is
Height 5, equal to
breadth, 6. 3 in length with caudal.
Head 4. S\S- 7 m
length with caudal. Eye 6. 4, 3 times in inter-
orbital space, situated in the third fourth of the head. Mouth-
2
opening curved, / 3 of the greatest breadth of the head. Upper
lip concealed below the frontborder of the snout. Before the
cleft mouth 4 subequal barbels, about half the diameter
of the
of the eye. Between the two middle ones three great papils.
At the corner of the mouth a triangular fleshy fold, with a
rudiment of a barbel, looking like a great papil. Lower lip
with 9 great papils, situated in a curved line. Origin of dorsal
behind middle of length. Anal, when depressed, nearly reaches
the caudal, its origin far remote from end of ventrals. Caudal
slightly emarginate, lobes pointed, the lower the longer, longer
than head. Yellowish, head olivaceous, marmorated, upperside
otherwise with numerous irregular, transverse, brown bands.
Fins yellowish, caudal with irregular brown transverse bands.
Anterior rays of ventrals and pectorals olivaceous. Length of
single specimen known 63 mm. [Type of the species in the
Leyden Museum seen by us].
Nomen in dig. Sekelut. :
2. Glaniopsis Boulenger.
(BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) IV. 1899, p. 228).
D. 2. 6; A. 2. 5; P. I. 12; V. 2. 7.
Depth of body 6Y 2 times in total length, length of head
5 to 5 '/ 2 times. Head scarcely longer than broad snout rounded ; ;
6
distance from the end of the snout and the end of the caudal.
Pectorals as long as head, terminating at a considerable distance
from the ventrals. Caudal as long as head, scarcely emarginate.
Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales extremely small,
smooth; lat. line 120 125. Yellowish brown above, with trans-
verse dark brown spots or interrupted cross-bands head dark ;
3. L. 1.
74; eye 5'/ 2 times in head, more
than twice in interorbital space, outer
barbels scarcely visible, inner ones equal
to eye, origin of D. behind middle of
1. L. 1.
4548.
a. Height 8 S 1 /^- Scales on upper surface
with a single strong keel H. zollingeri p. 14.
bt Height io j /4 n'/a- Scales on upper sur-
face with a single keel, the anterior ones
with 2 or 4 short keels besides H. ophiolepis p. 15.
2. L. 1. 63 to about 70.
a. Ventral surface, except between pectorals,
i) We
are not sure that H. modiglianii belongs to this group, as the diagnosis
of Perugia of this species gives no information about the absence or presence
of scales on the abdomen.
/3. Height more than 7. Longest rays of
pectorals longer than head H. pavonina p. 18.
D. 3. 7; A. 2. 5; P. 6. 10. i ;
V. 2. 6. i ;
L. 1. ca 47, per-
6V,
forated scales 43 45 ;
L. tr. i
(to base of ventrals).
/2
in length with caudal, its breadth about 5 / G of
its length. Eye 4. 5 6, about thrice in snout, somewhat less
than twice Lips somewhat swollen,
in the interorbital space.
not fringed; barbels minute, subequal, shorter than eye. Origin
of dorsal behind middle of snout and root of caudal, corres-
ponding to about the 2i g t
lateral scale and opposite to inner
opposite to i
^th perforated scale of lateral line. Pectorals slightly
longer head, reaching ventrals. Caudal equal to head,
than
slightly emarginate, not deeply forked. Scaly, naked only be-
tween the pectorals (according to Cuvier & Valenciennes: ,,la
peau du dessous de la gorge et du ventre est nue et sans
ecailles"). Eighteen scales round the caudal peduncle. Colour
of the alcohol specimen rufous, with 5 black round blotches
on the back of the tail. Length of single known specimen 73 mm.
Habitat: Java (Buitenzorg).
Note: As the description of CUVIER & VALENCIENNES was
so insufficient that we at first thought that it was identical
with Homaloptera erythrorina (C.V.), we asked Dr. J. PELLEGRIN
to inform us about the type in the Paris Museum. He was
so kind to give us ample information about the principal
characters of the specimen of CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, which
enabled us to give the above description. It shows that it is
nearest to H. wassinki, but differs from it by minor height,
larger eyes, by the position of the dorsal and by the caudal
which is only slightly emarginate.
II
D. 9; A. 9; L. 1. 60.
Head broad, its profile arcuate, snout much longer than
postocular part of head. Lips not fringed. Barbels short, thick
and twice the diameter of the eye. Eye small, situated in the
posterior part of the head, its diameter is '/ 3 of the interorbital
space, and of the length of the head and J 2 the length of
!
/4
}
Homaloptera gymnogaster Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. IV. 1853, p. 163.
Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1 860, p. 98. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 20.
!
breadth about i /3 in its length. Eye 6 &\ v less than twice
in the interorbital space, situated for its greater part in the
hinder half of the head. Snout obtuse, as long as the remaining
portion of the head. Barbels subequal, slightly shorter than
eye. Lips not fringed. Origin of dorsal slightly behind origin
of ventrals, separated by 30 scales from the occiput. Dorsal
acute, slightly emarginate, higher than body, shorter than high.
Anal acute, its height equal to that of body. Ventrals not
reaching anal, subequal to pectorals, which do not reach ven-
trals. Caudal emarginate, its lobes acute, the inferior slightly
Height 6.4 6.7, 7.6 7.9 in total length with caudal. Head
4.7 4-9> 5-6 5-8 in length with caudal, its breadth about
5
/7
of its length. Eye about 5, twice in interorbital space,
more than twice in the snout. Barbels subequal, slightly longer
than eye. Origin of dorsal behind origin of ventrals, much
nearer to snout than to base of caudal, corresponding to the
28th perforated scale of lateral line, separated by more than
Homaloptera Whiteheadi Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, p. 92.
12
D. 1.8; A. 1.5; P. 1. 21; V. 8; L. 1.74; L. tr. T.
ii
/2
in length with caudal. Head 6 6 !
/3
in
posterior half of the head, less than twice their diameter apart.
Barbels subequal, shorter, than eye. Origin of dorsal slightly
before origin of ventrals, separated by 1 5 scales from the occiput.
Dorsal acute, not emarginate, higher than body. Anal acute
or obtuse, equal to height of body or slightly lower. Ventrals
not reaching anal, shorter than pectorals. Pectorals not reaching
ventrals. Caudal rather deeply emarginate, the lobes acute,
the inferior the longer, 4 3 / 4 to more than 5 in the length.
15
Homaloptera bilineata Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIII. 1894, p. 251.
(nee Blyth).
Homaloptera orthogoniata Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902, p. 122.
Jfoma/opteraort/wgoniataovfler,Proc.A.c&d.Na.t.Sci. Philad.(2)LVII. 1905, p. 475.
Homaloptera orthogoniata Topta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 181.
D. 23.89; A. 2 3.5 6; P. 5.10.1; V. 2.8; L. 1.
6367;
10
L. tr. T.
ii
Note: We
have seen the specimens in the British Museum
described by BoULENGER as Homaloptera belineata Blyth. They
belong, after our opinion, also on account of their striking
colour, not to H. bilineata Blyth from continental Asia but to
the present species.
Homaloptera ocellata van der Hoeven, Handboek Dierkunde, I. ed. vol. II.
Homaloptera pavonina Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 341 (p. p.).
Homaloptera pavonina Max Weber, Zool. Ergebnisse Reise Nied. Ost-Indien
Hft. 2, 1894, p. 424 (nee C.V.).
Height 5.8 [5.46.6] ') 7.18 in total length. Head 4.4 4.6,
2
5.5 to more than 6 in total length, its breadth I / S in its
length. Eye 6.3 7.5 [4.6 6.8], more than 3 to 4 times in
snout, behind middle of head and more than twice in the
interorbital space. Upper lip swollen as also exterior halves of
lower lip, which are rather distinctly separated from the middle
part. Barbels subequal, shorter than eye. Origin of dorsal
distinctly before middle between snout and root of caudal, before
origin of ventrals, opposite to about the 2O th [i8th 2i*t] per-
forated scale, separated by more than 22 [21 24] scales from
the occiput. Dorsal concave, its height more than that of body ;
PELLEGRIN].
Habitat: Java.
J>
D. 3.8; A. 2,5; P. 8.12; V. 2.8 ;
L. 1. 64 ;
L. tr. _i_.
7
n 9
Height 7 n 10 in length with caudal. Head 4 / 14 6 in length
/ > ,
much longer than head. Belly totally scaleless (to anus). Scales
carinate, slightly increasing in size towards the back. Caudal
peduncle extremely slender, its height more than thrice in
itslength. Brown above, reddish below. Pectorals and ventrals
brown above, lighter below. Caudal brown, with a whitish
band and whitish tips. Length of single specimen known 85 mm.
[Type of the species in the Leyden Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Borneo (river Bo).
20
4. Parhomaloptera Vaillant.
Homaloptera microstoma Boulenger, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) IV. 1899, p. 228.
Parhomaloptera obscura Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902, p. 130.
Parhomaloptera obscura Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 187.
D. I
2.7; A. I
2.5; P. 5 6.13; V. I.Q.I ;
L. 1. about IOO;
17
L. tr. T.
13
2. Fam. COBITIDAE.
Head and body compressed, exceptionally the anterior part
of head depressed. Pectorals and ventrals not horizontally
inserted, only one of their outer rays simple. A simple or bifid
movable spine, arising from lateral ethmoid, may be present
before or below eye. Eyes with a free orbital margin or covered
by skin. Dorsal short or long, its origin before, above or behind
that of ventrals; anal short, generally behind dorsal. Mouth
inferior, its upper border formed by the intermaxillaries only.
Six, eight or more barbels always one or two pairs of rostral
;
i. Botia Gray.
(GRAY, Papers in Zool. Misc. 1841, p. 8).
their base, on the tip of the snout; a pair behind the corner
of the mouth and sometimes a pair at the mandibular sym-
physis. Scales rudimentary, none on the head. Nostrils close
together, nearly midway between eye and snout, the anterior
ones tubular. Origin of dorsal in advance of the ventrals. Anal
short. Pectorals low down, caudal forked. Pharyngeal teeth
conical, in one series. Gillmembranes broadly united with the
isthmus.
Distribution: Fresh water of indo australian Archipelago
(Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Singapore); South-eastern part of
continental Asia and Japan.
Key to the i ndo-australi an species.
a. Eight barbels. D, n 12. Head and body with
three broad transverse bands B. macr acanthus p. 23.
Cobitis macracanthus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie. III. 1852, p. 603.
B. 3; D. II; A. 8; P. 1416; V. 9.
Head 3, a little less than height. Eye 4 to more than 6,
situated in
posterior the head. Suborbital spine half of the
about one and a half times the diameter of eye. Mouthopening
horse-shoe shaped, the very small lower jaw totally inclosed
within the upper jaw. Lips thick, lamellated. Eight verrucose
barbels; besides the 4
rostral ones, one be-
hind each angle of the
mouth and two small
ones at the mandibular
symphysis. Origin of
dorsal midway be-
tween end of snout and
end of shortest caudal
rays. Length of caudal
2
peduncle /3
of its
D. 1315; A. 8; P. 1215; V. 8.
Elongate. Height nearly 4, head about
3 / 3 Eye 5 7, situ-
!
.
2. Acanthopsis Bleeker.
(BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, XVI. 18581859, p. 303).
Much elongate, compressed. Eyes covered by skin, in advance
of them an erectile bifid suborbital spine. Head compressed,
snout much elongate, mouth inferior, small. A pair of rostral
barbels, close together at the point of the snout, a pair of
separate barbels along each upper jaw, lower jaw with a fringed
lip. Scales very minute, wanting on the head. Nostrils appro-
25
Probably it came from the Leyden Museum, which got the species, now under
consideration, from KUHL & VAN HASSELT under this name, which has never
been published. (Vide Bleeker Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 9).
26
Cobitis choirorhynchus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie VII. 1854, p. 95.
Cobitis macrorhynchus Bleeker, I.e. Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. II. 1857. Tiende
Bijdrage Borneo p. 20.
Acanthopsis choirorhynchos Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II.
Cyprini, 1860,
p. 66. Atl. Ichth. III.
1863, p. 9.
Acanthopsis dialyzona Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 67.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 9.
Acanthopsis choirorhynchus Popta, Notes Ley den Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 204.
3. Eucirrhichthys Perugia.
(PERUGIA, Annali Museo Civico Storia nat. Genova
Genovs (2) XII
(XXXII). 1892, p. 1009).
lobate lips. Eight barbels, two nasal ones and six round the
mouth. Scales minute, also present below eye, on praeoperculum
and on upper half of the operculum. Dorsal short, far backward,
its last ray above first ray of anal. Pectorals with the second
D. 7; A. 6; P. 6; V. 6.
Height about 20 times in length with caudal, head nearly
10 times in that length. Eye very small, situated in the second
third of the head. Barbels nearly equal in length with that of
4. Lepidocephalus Bleeker.
(Lepidocephalus BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XVI. 1858 1859, p. 303.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 12; Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III.
1863, p. 12).
28
/t 7 ;
head 6 6V 2 vertex scaly,
rostro-frontal profile convex; snout blunt, prominent. Six
barbels. The dorsal is situated the beginning of the last
in
third of the length, at some distance behind the base of the
ventrals; its origin opposite to about the no th scale of lateral
line. than half length
Pectorals longer than head. Ventrals less
5. Acanthophthalmus Bleeker.
(BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XVI. 18581859, p. 303).
(Pangio Blyth).
Elongate or very elongate, and anguilliform, compressed.
Eyes covered by skin, below them an erectile bifid suborbital
spine. Head more or less compressed, snout short, bluntly
rounded; mouth small, inferior. Six barbels, two rostral ones
close together near apex of snout, a pair on the upper jaw,
Acanthophthalmus javanicus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
p. 75. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. II.
Acanthophthalmtts pangia Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 370.
Acanthophtalmus pangia Day, Fishes of India 4. 1878 1888, p. 610. Fauna
Brit. Ind. Fish. I. 1889, p. 222.
Acanthophthalmus pangia Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova (2) IX. 1890, p. 347.
D. 2.6; A. 7; P. 1.89; V. 6 7.
Height from
Compressed.
more than 7 to n, head nearly
7 8. Eye small, covered by
thick skin, situated in the ante-
rior half of the head. Snout very
D. 6; A. 5; V. 6; L. 1. 22O.
Compressed. Height 8 / 3 head
!
,
6 2/ 3 .
Eye 10, situated in
the anterior half of the head. Interorbital space a little convex,
equal to eye. Profile of head convex. Snout prominent, /s f
J
Fig. 14. Acanthophthalmus shelfordi Popta (After Miss Popta). Nat. size.
D. I. 6; A. 6; P. I. 8; V. 7.
Slightly compressed, height about 7 in length with caudal.
Head more than 5, more than 6 in length with caudal. Eye
about 6. Snout about i / 2 times longer than eye, bluntly
!
Singapore. Malacca.
Acanthophthalmus borneensis Boulenger, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIII.
1894, p. 251.
Acanthophthalmus borneensis Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. N. I
3,
1902, p. 150.
D. 78; A. 67.
Height 9, head 6.5
7. Eye 8. Suborbital spine very strong.
Six short barbels. Origin of dorsal about on the last third of the
length, end of base of dorsal above or shortly before anal. Ven-
trals halfway between head and caudal. Caudal crescentically
notched. Scales minute. colourless. Three black angular
Body
bands on the head, the on the snout, the second passing
first
through the eye, the third across the occiput and covering
the opercles. Dorsal and caudal black at the base. Length
63 mm. [After BOULENGER and VAILLANT, specimens in the
Leiden Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Borneo (Baram river and mouth of Raun river
and river Mandai).
D. 7-8; A. 7; P. 1.7; V. 6.
1902, p. 151.
D. 2.6; A. 2.5; P. V. 6. 89;
Height 14, 15 in length with caudal; head 12, 13 in length
with caudal. Eye 12, situated high above in the anterior half of
the head. Snout about 4 times as long as eye, obtuse, rounded.
Upper lip fleshy. Three pairs of barbels, the anterior rostral,
the posterior at the end of the maxillaries, the third pair midway
between them. Origin of dorsal just above anus, which is
situated in third fourth of the body. End of dorsal above end of
anal. Ventrals as long as half head, situated at the third fifth
(Borneo).
orals and ventrals very low down. Caudal deeply forked. Six
barbels, four rostral ones, two at corner of mouth. Nostrils
contiguous^ the anterior a tube. Eyes with a free orbital margin.
No suborbital spine. Scales very small. No scales on head.
/2
in interorbital space. Snout obtuse.
Barbels filiform, subequal, longer than eye. Anterior nostrils in
a tube. Origin of dorsal just in the beginning of the second
third of the body, much nearer to base of pectorals than to that
of ventrals; its last ray, when depressed, reaching caudal. Anal
nearer to ventrals than to caudal, somewhat nearer to base of
ventrals than to base of caudal. Pectorals somewhat longer
than head without snout. Ventrals surpassing anus with about
half their length, about equal to pectorals. Anus somewhat
behind middle of length of body. Caudal deeply forked, upper
lobe much longer, much shorter than head. Rufous, lighter
below. Two parallel whitish bands from the snout passing above
the orbits and united on the neck, continued into a transverse
band on the back behind the branchial openings. Three or
four less regular light bands before the dorsal. A black band
from snout through eye to lateral line. Length about 70 mm.
[Type of the species in the Leiden Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Borneo (River Kapuas !).
38
\aillantella maassi Max Weber & de Beaufort, in: A. Maass n Durch Zentral
Sumatra" II. 1912, Fische p. 532.
8. Nemachilus Bleeker.
(BLEEKER, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, Dec. 1862, XV. 1863, p. 37) ').
i) The generic name Nemachilus is from VAN HASSELT (Alg. Konst- & Letter-
bode II. 1823, p. 133) but without description.
39
Cobltis fasciata Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVIII. 1846, p. 25.
Cobltis suborbitalis Cuvier & Valenciennes, ibid. p. 26.
Cobitis chrysolaimos Cuvier & Valenciennes, ibid. p. 27.
Cobltis Jaklesi Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. III. 1852, p. 604. Ichth.
Arch. Ind. Prodr. Cyprini, 1860, p. 80.
II.
Cobitis fasciata Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. VII. 1854, p. 96. Ichth.
Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 78.
Nemacheilus fasciatus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 7.
'
Nemachilus saravacensis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIII. 1894, p. 251 ').
(from Java) the origin of the dorsal above the origin of the
ventrals or slightly before them, but never behind.
After inspection of the young specimens in the Leiden
Museum, which VAILLANT calls Nemachilus rupicola Me Clell.
whitout giving any reason for this definition, we believe that
they belong to Nemachilus fasciatus C. V.
Dr. GESTRO, Director of the w Museo Civico" of Geneva has
been kind enough to send us two typical specimens of Modi-
gliania papillosa Perugia. We are obliged to unite it with
Nemachilus fasciatus, as we cannot see the "papilla grossa
conica, lunga meta il diametro dell' occhio alia regione prae-
orbitale" and otherwise there is no difference from Nemachilus
fasciatus.
Doubtful species.
i. Nemachilus notostigma Blkr.
Nemachilus notostigma Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam XV. 1863, p. 254.
Nemachilus notostigma Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 352.
about in the middle of the length of the head. The snout being
somewhat shorter than the postorbital part of the head. Outer
rostral barbels longer than inner ones and reaching to eye;
published 71 mm.
43
3. Fam. CYPRINIDAE.
Head and body compressed, exceptionally depressed. Pect-
orals and ventrals only in few cases horizontally inserted, only
one of their outer rays simple. No spine before or below eye.
I. Subfam. Abramidinae.
Oblong, elongate or very elongate, compressed or much
compressed; abdomen or part of abdomen compressed into an
edge. Dorsal short with 7 10 branched rays, opposite to
space between ventrals and anal or opposite to anal; without an
enlarged spine, or the 3^ ray may be osseous and smooth, in
one case serrated behind. Anal moderate or very long, with
12 48 branched rays. Ventrals in one case absent, pectorals may
be elongate. Caudal forked. Mouth terminal, subinferior or
directed upwards, with the lower jaw prominent, which may have
a symphysial knob. No barbels or exceptionally a pair of
maxillary ones. Scales small or of moderate size, the lateral line
running in the middle or in the lower half of the tail. Gill-
openings reaching to below orbit or praeoperculum. Pharyngeal
teeth in a single, double or triple series.
45
II. No barbels.
I. Nematabramis Boulenger.
A
6
D. 2.8; A. 3.16; P. 1. 10; V. 1.5; L.I. 35 37; L. tr. j_ (at
IV
origin of dorsal).
3
Height 3 / 4 to nearly 3 / 4 about 4.6 in length with caudal head
!
;
4.3, 5.4 in length with caudal. Eye 3.6, shorter than snout and
than interorbital space. Barbels i ^ to 2 as long as head. Origin of
1
2. Laubuca Bleeker.
(Eustira Giinther).
Fig. 21. Laubuca (Eustira) inaassi (M. Web. & de Bfrt.) X 2'/2-
dobranchiae present. Pharyngeal teeth uncinate, in 3 rows.
Branchial opening ending below eye.
Distribution: Sumatra, Ceylon and south eastern Asia.
Key to subgenera.
1. Lateral line gently curved downward Laubuca s.str. p. 48.
/4
of total length. Lateral line gently
near ventral profile. Small gular scales reaching below pectorals
to ventrals. Brown, a blackish line connecting a dark blotch
above origin of pectorals with a similar one at base of caudal.
Fins hyaline. Length over 60 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Deli!). Burma, Assam, British India
and Ceylon. In ponds and streams.
2. Laubuca (Eustira) maassi (M. Web. &de Bfrt.). [Fig. 21, p. 48].
Eustira Maassi Max Weber & de Beaufort, in Maass: n Durch Zentral Sumatra'
Bd. II. 1912, Fische, p. 531.
D. 2.7; A. 3.10; P. V. L.
__
i. ii; 1.6; 1".
34; L. tr.
_j_.
1-2
I.
triple series.
Distribution: Fresh water of indoaustralian Archipelago
(Sumatra, Java, Borneo), East Indian Continent.
IK
caudal. 4.3Head
4.6, 5.4 5.6 length with caudal. Eye in
about equal to snout, and somewhat more than interorbital
3,
Oxygaster anomalurus van Hasselt, Alg. Konst- en Letterbode 1823, II. p. 133
(no description).
Leuciscus oxygaster Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons, XVII. 1844, P- 349-
Leuciscus oxygaster Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie V. 1853, p. 453.
Chela anomalurus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. IT. Cyprini, 1860, p. 473.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 136.
Chela anomalurus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 335.
II 12 IO
i
(after BLEEKER) T (after GONTHER) ').
57 3
4. Macrochirichthys Bleeker.
Leuciscus macrochirus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVII. 1844,
p. 348.
Leuciscus uranoscopus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie I. 1850. p. 14.
Macrochirichthys uranoscopus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
p. 476. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 137.
5. Rasborichthys Bleeker.
between ventrals and anal. Anal many rayed, much longer than
dorsal. Scales moderate or small, thin, more or less deciduous.
Lateral line curved, running along the middle of the tail. Pseudo-
branchiae present. Gillrakers long, setiform, closely set. Gill-
opening ending below praeoperculum. Gillmembranes united
to isthmus. Pharyngeal teeth 1.3.5 5.3.1.
Distribution: Sumatra, Borneo and Singapore.
S|
D. 2.7; A. 1.17; P. 1.13; V. 1.6; L.I. 36 38; L. tr. j_.
7
3 4
lateral line. Ventrals subequal to pectorals, which are / 4 or / 5
length of head
before that of dorsal, shorter than pectorals,
which are about equal to head without snout. Caudal deeply
forked, its lobes pointed, somewhat longer than head. Least
6. Parachela Steindachner.
DACHNER).
Distribution: Borneo, only a single species is known.
3
interorbital space 3 / 5 in length of head. Origin of dorsal nearly
twice nearer to caudal than to end of snout, vertically situated
somewhat behind origin of anal. Anal long. Pectorals strongly
3
developed, their
length 2 / 5 in length, reaching anal. Caudal
bifurcate, the lobes pointed, the lower one more so and longer
and stronger than the upper one. Scales unequal, the nuchal
ones, which reach to front, and the dorsal ones are small. A
silvery longitudinal lateral band. Each caudal lobe with a dark
intermarginal longitudinal band. Length 125 mm. [After
STEINDACHNER, not seen by us].
Habitat: Borneo (Teweh).
58
2. Subfam. Rasborinae.
Oblong or elongate, compressed, belly not trenchant, more
or less rounded. Dorsal short or of moderate length, with
6 1 6 branched rays, without an osseous spine, its origin behind
that of ventrals. Anal short or elongate, with 5 to 17 branched
rays, its origin generallybelow the end of the dorsal. Pectorals
and ventrals always developed. Caudal forked. Mouth terminal,
obliquely ascending; lower jaw often projecting, generally
provided with a symphysial knob, fitting in an emargination
or incision of the upper jaw. A pair of rostral and maxillary
barbels or the latter or both are rudimentary or absent. Scales
small, moderate or large; lateral line if present abruptely
bending downwards; complete running along lower half of
if
i. Rasbora Bleeker.
or 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 5.
59
of Rasbora.
A. Lateral line complete.
I. Nine rows of scales between the lateral lines,
peduncle.
A. Pectorals shorter than head R. argyrotaenia p. 61.
B. Pectorals equal to or longer than head . . . . R. vaillanti p. 63.
caudal peduncle.
to anal.
32 33 R. cephalotaenia p. 74.
b' .
Origin of dorsal opposite to loth
Va of length of head. . .
, R. reticulata p. 81.
longer than snout, about one fifth shorter than interorbital space.
Cleft of mouth ascending, its anterior end about in the level
of the upper border of pupil, posteriorly not reaching front-
border of eye. Origin of dorsal in the middle between snout
and posterior row of caudal scales, opposite to II
th lateral
(Sumatra).
Habitat: Java (Batavia, Tanah Abang !, Sunter ! Bekassi !
/2
times or slightly more in interorbital space.
D. 2.67; A -
3-55
"
P- 1-1415; V. 2.8; L. 1.
2931; Sq.
It
1.
2931; L. tr. _i_.
*i
Height 4.1 4.4 times in length, 5.1 5.7 in length with
64
distant from eye. Notch on the border of the upper lip very
deep, receiving the strongly developed symphysial knob. Origin
of dorsal before or slightly before the middle between snout
and last caudal scales, opposite to the nth lateral scale,
separated from head by 1 1 scales. Dorsal truncate, its height
slightly less than that of body, much nearer to ventrals than
to anal. Anal concave, its height about one third less than that
of the body. Ventrals not reaching anal, one eye-diameter
nearer to anal than to operculum, opposite to io th lateral scale.
Pectorals equal to distance from nostril to hindborder of oper-
culum, the distance between their tip and the origin of ventrals
equal to eye. Caudal about equal to head, deeply incised, its
longest outer rays much more than twice the length of the
middle ones. Least height of caudal peduncle more than twice
in itslength and equal to postorbital part of head. Seven rows
of scales between the lateral lines, counted over the back of
the middle of the caudal peduncle. Eightteen rather long gill-
rakers on the first branchial arch, about equal to one third eye-
diameter in length. Colour of formol specimens greyish brown
in upper half, yellowish white in lower half, separated by a
faint dark lateral band on the body; in its posterior half a
black line ending in a black spot at base of caudal, a median
dorsal black line. Fins, especially the caudal, with a dark hue.
Length 120 mm. [Type of the species in the zoological Museum
of Amsterdam].
Habitat. Sumatra (Atchin Lake Tawar!), collected by Mr.
:
V. D. WERFF. We new
species through the kind
received this
intervention of Lieutenant Colonel Dr. A. J. SALM from Mr.
V. D. WERFF, who got them from Laut Tawar, a large lake
situated in the interior of Atchin (Gajo-territory). He had the
kindness to inform us that the natives assured him that this
fish isnot known from any other waters. His collection con-
tains 6 specimens of 98 120 mm. which are called by the
natives Ikan 1'as. He informs us that they are only caught
during the north eastern trade-winds, which is the wet season.
In the collection are 4 specimens of about 85 mm. which are
65
Leuciscus leptosoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 269.
Rasbora leptosoma Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 446.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 123.
Rasbora leptosoma Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 196.
li
D. 2.7; A. 3.5; P. 1.13; V. 2.7; L. 1.31 32; L.tr.j^.
3
Height about 4.3, more than 5.5 in length with caudal.
Head 4.5 4.6, almost 6 in length with caudal. Eye thrice,
longer than snout and about equal to interorbital space. Notch
on the border of the upper lip very deep, receiving the strongly
developed symphysial knob. Origin of dorsal before the middle
between snout and root of caudal, separated from occiput by
12 or 13 scales. Dorsal truncate, its height about equal to
that of the body, much nearer to ventrals than to anal. Anal
slightly concave, its height about one third less than that of body.
Ventrals not or scarcely reaching anal, pectorals not reaching
ventrals. Caudal deeply incised, longer than head. Least height
of caudal peduncle more than twice in its length. Seven rows
of scales between the lateral lines, counted over the back of
the middle of the caudal peduncle. Colour of alcohol specimens
brownish, with a faint silvery band along the sides. Length
94 mm. [Specimens of Bleeker seen by us in the Leyden
Museum].
Habitat: Sumatra (Lahat!; Indragiri? according to VOLZ,
Revue suisse de Zool. XII. 1904, p. 479, but he is not sure
about his determination).
INDO-AUSTRALIAN FISHES III. 5
66
Rasbora Volzii Popta, Notes Leyden Museum XXV. 1904 05, p. 1755 ibid.
XXVII. 1906, p. 157.
4i
D. 2.7; A. 3.5; P. 1.14; V. 2.8; L. 1.
29 32; L. tr. j_.
2^
Height 4 4.4; 5 7 in length with caudal; head equal to
height. Eye 3.4 to more than 4, equal to or shorter than snout,
and 1.4 1.8 times in nearly flat interorbital space. Cleft of
mouth obliquely ascending, its anterior end in the level of
the superior border of the eye, its posterior end not reaching
vertical through frontborder of eye. Notch on the border of
the upper lip very deep, receiving the strongly developed
symphysial knob. Origin of dorsal somewhat before middle
between snout and last caudal scales, opposite to 12 th lateral
scale, separated from head by n or 12 scales. Dorsal truncate,
its height about equal to height of body, nearer to ventrals
Nom i nd i
g. :
Seluwang (river Bongan), Seluwang howong
- - var. fasciata-. Sebetelo (river Kajan).
(river How;ong).
Habitat: Borneo (rivers Bongan!, Howong! and Kajan!).
Note: This species is very near to R. tawarensis M. Web.
& deand R. leptosoma Blkr. It is characterized by the
Bfrt.
(partim).
Rasbora calliura Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIII. 1894, P- 2 4-
Rasbora candimaculata Volz, Zool. Anz. XXVI. 1903, p. 559. Zool. Jahrb.
Abth. Syst. XIX. 1903, p. 403.
Rasbora trilineata Duncker, Fische Malay. Halbinsel, Mitth. Naturh. Museum
Hamburg, XXI. 1904, p. 181.
Rasbora trilineata Max Weber & de Beaufort, in : Maass "Durch Zentral Sumatra",
II. 1912, Fische, p. 529.
along the middle of the back, and an other along the base
of the anal, the two of both sides united into one behind that
fin, and running to the lower base of the caudal. Fins hyaline.
The caudal lobes with a subterminal black band, and a darkish
hue at its base. Length 150 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (rivers Musi, Kampar !, Lala, Indragiri !,
pond near Deli !) ;
Borneo (Senah, Sarawak !, river Kapuas,
river Sebuku !).
Note: We with the present species the specimens
unite
described by BoULENGER as R. calliura from Senah, Sarawak,
Borneo. We have seen them in the British Museum as also
identical specimens from river Sebuku, North East Borneo,
belonging to the Museum in Buitenzorg, Java. The only difference
is that in R. trilineata the black blotches on the lobes of the
D. 2.7; A. 3.5 ;
P. 1. 12; V. 2.7; L. 1. ca. 26.
of body, the end of its base opposite to the beginning of the anal.
Anal slightly concave, its height 2 / 3 of that of the dorsal. Ventrals
reaching anal, their base less than one eye-diameter nearer to
anal than to operculum. Pectorals not reaching ventrals, equal
to head without snout. Caudal somewhat longer than head,
the longest rays about twice the shortest. Least height of caudal
peduncle about i
1
100 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Pangherang-Pisang, rivers Kamper kiri !,
72
Leuciscus Einthovenii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851, p. 434.
Rasbora Einthovenii Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 440.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 120.
Rasbora daniconius Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 194 (part.).
Rasbora daniconius Perugia, Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva XXXIII. 1893, p. 244.
Rasbora daniconius Steindachner, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. XXV. 1901,
P- 454-
Rasbora Einthoveni M.Weber & de Beaufort, in Maass: n Durch Zentral-Surnatra"
II. 1912, p. 530.
ii
D. 2.7; A. 3.5 (6); V. 2.7; P. 1. 12? 14; L. 1.
2932; L. tr.
j_
i
it. Outer
rays of caudal darkish, as also the anterior and superior
part of the dorsal, other fins with a dark hue. Length 85 mm.
73
Habitat:)
1
Sumatra (Siboga, rivers Kampar Kiri Rokan!, !,
seum],
- -
Malacca, Siam.
GUNTHER says: (Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. p. 194) "One might
be tempted to regard R. einthovenii Blkr., as distinct, if the
figure given of it be alone consulted. However, it appears from
his description that normally the black band is not so much
curved as represented; and the specimen sent to the British
Museum is absolutely identical with R. daniconius" This must .
Leuciscus cephalotaenia Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. III. (1851) 1852^.97.
Rasbora cephalotaenia Bleeker, Icht. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 438.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 119.
Rasbora cephalotaenia Giinther, Cat. Brit.Mus. VII. 1868, p. 193.
Rasbora cephalotaenia Steindachner, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. XXV.
1901, p. 454.
Rasbora cephalotaenia Max Weber de Beaufort, in Maass, "Durch Zentral-
Sumatra". II. 1912, Fische p. 530.
4i
L. tr.
_i_ (between D. and V.).
i
Height 4.1 4.5, in length with caudal 5.2 5.8. Head 3.3 3.8;
4.2 length
4.8 in with caudal. Eye 3
3.3, about equal to
snout, about one fourth shorter than flat interorbital space. Cleft
of mouth obliquely ascending, its anterior end about in the level
of the middle of eye, posteriorly touching the vertical through
frontborder of eye. Origin of dorsal distinctly behind middle
between snout and caudal scales, above 1 2 th or 13^ lateral
last
Seven rows of scales between the lateral lines, counted over the
back of the middle of the caudal peduncle. Colour of formol
specimens yellowish brown, back darker. black lateral band A
beginning at the point of the snout and continued on to the
end of the caudal, on the flanks composed of more or less
separate dark patches, corresponding to two rows of scales.
A narrower band between base of pectorals and middle of anal.
An ill-defined superior band composed of narrow black dots
on the second superior row of scales. Fins with a dark hue.
Length 128 mm.
75
[British Museum].
Note: Karoli (Termeszetrajzi fiizetek V. 1882, p. 34) men-
tions this fish from Ceylon, we believe that he has confounded
it with R. daniconius.
Rasbora daniconius Max Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Reise Nied. Ost-Indien, III, Heft 2,
1894, p. 424. (nee.Ham. Buch.).
Height 3.7, 4.8 in length with caudal. Head 3.4, 4.4 in length
with caudal. Eye 3.7, about equal to snout, somewhat less
than the interorbital space. Cleft of mouth strongly ascending,
its frontpart strongly undulated, in consequence of the
very
deep and rather wide notch of the upper lip, which receives
the prominent symphysial part of the mandible.
triangularly
Anterior end of mouth in the level of the middle of
cleft of
the eye, its posterior end below frontpart of eye. Origin of
dorsal conspicuously behind middle of distance between snout
and last caudal scales, separated by 1 1 scales from the head,
and opposite the 10^ lateral scale. Dorsal rounded, situated
much nearer to anal than to ventrals, its height about two third
of the height of the body. Anal concave, its height about equal
to that of the dorsal. Ventrals not reaching anal, situated in the
middle between operculum and anal. Pectorals equal to head
without snout. Caudal about 4 in total, deeply emarginate,
longest rays about twice the shortest. Least height of caudal
peduncle 1.6 in its length. Colour of alcohol specimens brown
above, much lighter below, belly yellowish. A band from
snout to caudal, anteriorly blackish, getting fainter but broader
posteriorly; above it, between head and about the vertical
through anal, two longitudinal series of scales silvery, their
hindmargin with a dark patch. A dark band along base of
anal. Fins greyish. Length 60 mm.
Habitat: West Sumatra (Kaju tanam!, Arau !, Lake Sing-
karah!, brook near Manindjau Fort de Kock!, Pond Ajer
!,
D. 2.7 ;
A. 3.5; P. 1.14; V. 1.6 7; L. 1. 26 30.
Height 3.7 3.9, 4.6 length with caudal. Head 3.6 4,
5 in
about 5 in length with caudal. Eye about 3*/ 2 to almost 4,
equal to or somewhat shorter than snout and nearly i / 2 times
!
/2
to twice in its length to the hindermost row of scales,
seven rows of scales between the lateral lines counted over
the back in the middle of the caudal peduncle. Gillrakers 12.
Colour of upper half brownish, of lower half yellowish, both
separated by a black band faintly beginning behind opercle,
increasing, also in intensity, below dorsal, its end before caudal
77
may be broadened ;
sometimes beginning with a patch below
the dorsaj. Many specimens with a roundish black patch above
the base of anal, in others only faintly indicated or wanting.
A black median band on the back from head to caudal. Fins
with a dark hue, especially the caudal. Length about 120 mm.
Nomindig. Tjetjerreh (Malay. Batavia), Parai and Gallen-
gang (Sundan.).
Habitat: Java (Bantam [British Museum], Buitenzorg, Tji-
panas, Pangerango (1000 M.)
Tjisaat!, Bandung!, Garut,
!,
Leuciscus sumatranus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 601.
Rasbora sumatrensis Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo/Neerl. VIII. 1860. 8ste bijdrage
vischfauna Sumatra, p. 54.
Rasbora sumatrana Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 453.
Atl. Ichth. Ill, 1863, p. 126.
Rasbora sumatrana Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 196.
Rasbora sumatrana Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, p. 89 (partim).
Rasbora sumatrana Max Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Niederl. Indien, III, 1894, p. 424.
Rasbora sumatrana Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902, p. 106.
Rasbora vulgaris Duncker, Fische d. malay. Halbinsel, Mitt. Nat. hist. Mus.
Hamburg, XXI. 1904, p. 181.
Rasbora trifasciata Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXV. 1905, p. 176. Ibid.
XXVII. 1906, p. 162.
between D. and V. 8.
79
V.6'/ r
Trunk high, tail slender. Height 2.6, about 3.5 in length
with caudal. Head 3.2 3.5, 4.2 4.5 in length with caudal.
Eye 2.3, twice the length of the snout, and about equal
to interorbital space. Cleft of mouth oblique, its anterior end
with a symphysial knob in the mandible and a corresponding
emargination of the upper jaw, in the level of the middle of
the eye, its posterior end nearly reaching frontborder of eye.
Origin of dorsal midway between snout and last row of caudal
scales, opposite to origin of ventrals and to io th ntli lateral
concave, its height less than that of the dorsal. Ventrals reaching
anal or nearly so, situated in the middle between anal and
operculum. Pectorals equal to head without snout. Caudal about
as long as head, its rounded lobes twice as long as shortest
rays. Least height of caudal peduncle more than twice in its
length to last caudal scales, 1 1 scales round the caudal peduncle.
Lateral line consisting of 14 15 perforated scales, descending
in a regular curve to opposite the origin of anal, separated by
two scales from base of ventrals. Nuptial tubercles on sides of
body and tail and on back may be present. Colour of formol
specimens uniform yellowish brown, a median black line
between head and dorsal and along inferior side of caudal
peduncle, continued on each side of the base of the anal.
Hindborder of scales on upper side with black points, equal
points form an indication of a black lateral band between
vertical through pectoral and dorsal. A black line on the
hinder half of the body ending in a round precaudal spot.
Fin rays more or less darkish. Colour of living specimens: back
yellowish, dorsal, caudal and anal with yellow spots. A yellow
spot on operculum. Length about 30 mm. [Type of the species
in the zoological Museum of Amsterdam].
Habitat: Borneo (Upper course of Sungei Wain !); collected
by Dr. L. RuTTEN.
Rasbora reticulatus M. Weber & de Beaufort, Fische aus dem Susswasser von
Nias, in Kleiweg de Zwaan, Die Insel Nias bei Sumatra, 1915, p. 270.
D. 2.7; A. 3.5 ;
P. 1. 12 13; V. 1.7; Sq. 1. 26.
ventrals and anal, truncate; its height slightly less than length
of head. Anal feebly concave, its height equal to head without
snout. Ventrals don't quite reach anal, one eyediameter nearer
to anal than to operculum. Pectorals somewhat shorter than
head, when depressed not reaching ventrals. Caudal about equal
to head, rather deeply emarginate, its lobes rounded, less than
twice the length of the shortest rays. Least height of caudal
!
2. Esomus Swainson.
(SwAiNSON, Natural History, Fishes II. 1839, p. 285).
Nuria Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI,
1842, p. 238.
83
Fig. 30. Esomus danrica (Ham. Buch.). X *& (After a specimen from British India).
bending down and running along the lower half of the tail.
Gillopenings wide, running to below eye. Gillmembranes shortly
connected with isthmus. Gillrakers short. Pseudobranchiae
present. Pharyngeal teeth lanceolate, in one series 5 5.
Distribution: British India, Nicobars and Ceylon, (Sin-
gapore ?)
Cyprinus danrica Hamilton Buchanan, Fishes Ganges 1822, p. 325 & p. 390.
Esomus vittatus Swainson, Nat. History, Fishes 1839, p. 285.
Nuria danrica Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 200 (vide syn.).
Nuria danrica Day, Fishes of India 4. 1878 1888, p. 583.
Nuria Danrica Karoli, Termeszetrajzi fiizetek v. 1882, p. 34.
5i
D. 2.6; A. 3.5; P. 1.1114; V.i.;; L.I. 3034; L. tr. j_.
2*
Height somewhat more than the length of the head, 3.7;
4.5 4.8 in length with caudal. Eye more than 3, nearly equal
to snout and considerably shorter than the interorbital space.
Rostral barbels of different length, always much shorter than
maxillary ones, which may reach to end of ventrals. Origin
of dorsal midway between frontborder of eye and end of caudal,
separated by 18 19 scales from occiput, and opposite to about
!
the 1 7th scale of lateral line. Ventrals separated by i / 2 scales
from lateral line, reaching anus. Pectorals much longer than head,
84
4. Luciosoma Bleeker.
than head. Caudal deeply forked. The last dorsal and anal
spine and the outer ventral ray may be produced into a long
filament. Scales of moderate size, lateral line curved down-
wards, running along the lower part of body and tail. Pseudo-
branchiae present. Gillrakers extremely short, widely set.
Leudscus trinema Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 600.
Luciosoma (Trinematichthys) trinema Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 416. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 132.
Luciosoma trinema Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 199.
37
M
D.2./; A. 3.6; P. 1.1416; V. 2.8; L. 1.
43 ;
L. tr.
j_.
4
Height\j. about 5.4 in length with caudal. Head some-
4.3,
what less than 4, almost 5 in length with caudal. Eye about
4'/ 2 about 1 1 J 2 in snout and in interorbital space. End of
,
Bar bussetigerus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons. XVI. 1842, p. 203.
Barbus podonemus Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXIII. (1849)1850, Ichth. Midden-
en Oost-Java, p. 18.
Luciosoma setigerum Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, IX. 1855, P- 264.
Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini. 1860, p. 413. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 131.
Luciosoma setigerum Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 199.
Luciosoma Weberii Popta, Notes Leyden Museum XXV. 1905, p. 177. Ibid.
XXVII. 1906, p. 166.
51-6
D.2.7; A. 3.6; P. 1.14 15; V. 1.8; L. 1.42 44 ;
L. tr. i
Luciosoma spilopleura Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 265.
-
Ichth. Arcli. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 415. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 132.
Luciosoma spilopleura Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 199.
Luciosoma Pellegrinii Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXV. 1895, p. 178. Ibid.
XXVII. 1906, p. 169.
443*
3
Height 4
!
/ 4 4 /4 ,
head 4 J
/2 5. Eye 4 tf\ v i
1
^ to almost
2 in interorbital space, more than once to i
!
/3
in snout.
Maxillary reaching below eye. Rostral barbels 3 8 times dia-
meter of eye, maxillary ones I 5 / 2 8/ Origin of dorsal above .
6th j7th or 8th r ay situated above the origin of the anal. Anal
;
3j 4
in the third third :_i_.
Yellowish below, olive above, on the sides
2
k
a straight longitudinal series of blackish brown spots. Four to
eight small blackish spots in the lateral line. Fins yellow,
dorsal and anal with a blackish brown band. The anterior 2/ 3
of the caudal rays blackish brown, especially so on the four
short middle rays. Length 265 mm. [Not seen by us].
Nom. in dig. :
Dalang Ong (Kajan); Penjuar (Malay.).
Habitat: Sumatra (Lahat); Borneo (river Bo, Tingar, Baram
and Kapit [British Museum]).
Note: Luciosoma pellegrini is said to be different from
L. spilopleura by the produced rays of the ventrals and by
the smaller head, which differences between POPTA'S specimens
and the specimen of BLEEKER we believe are due to age.
3. Subfam. Cyprininae.
Oval or more or less elongate, head and body compressed
9o
fnoi
/$.--
furrow including the parts of the mouth ; ip involuted part of upper and lower
lip ; Ij lower jaw ; // lower lip ; Ip lateral, m median part of postlabial groove ;
I. Lateral line running in the lower half of the tail. Leptobarbus p. 95.
II. Lateral line running in the middle of the tail.
no, 2 or 4 barbels.
cut. Postlabial groove not
conspicuously inferior.
I. Lips broadly connected.
a. Upper and lower lip continuous through an
involuted lateral part; both lips provided with
small rasp-like horny tubercles. No barbels. . .
Gyrinocheilus p. 224.
b. Upper and lower lip continuous by a lateral
i. Leptobarbus Bleeker.
2. j
5 /2 scales between lateral line and origin of dorsal.
Barbus Hoevenii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851, p. 207.
Leptobarbus Hoevenii Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
p. 433.
_ Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 1 1 6.
Amsterdam].
Habitat: Borneo (Upper Kapuas: Selimbau!); collected by
Mr. H. A. LORENTZ.
Leptobarbus melanotaenia Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXVII. 1905 1906, p. 150.
INDOAUSTRALIAN FISHES III. 7
98
li
0.3.7; A. 3-5; P. 1-14; V. 2.8; L.I. 36 38; L.tr.j_.
4
Elongate, dorsal and ventral profile slightly convex. Height
4, head broad, flattened, 3 / 2
!
slightly shorter than that of dorsal. When laid back the anal
reaches the base of the caudal. Pectorals and ventrals subequal
and equal to length of head without snout. Pectorals nearly
reaching ventrals. Ventrals nearly extending to the anus, their
origin two scales behind origin of dorsal and separated by
2 / 2 scales from lateral line. Caudal forked, about equal to
]
2. Rohteichthys Bleeker.
Systomus microlepis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851, p. 60.
Rohtee microlepis Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerl. VIII. 1860, Enum. Spec.
pise. Arch. Ind. p. 53.
Rohteichthys microlepis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 396.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 115.
Rohteichthys microlepis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 191.
4
equal to pectorals, about / 5 length of head, somewhat distant
from or reaching anus. Pectorals reaching on ventrals. Caudal
deeply forked, about equal to head. Least height of caudal
peduncle about twice in head; 31 scales round caudal peduncle,
15 of which above the lateral lines. Scales on back smaller
than those on lower side. Silvery, back dark. A black blotch at
base of caudal. Upper and lower margin of caudal and margin
of dorsal blackish. Length over 300 mm.
Nomen indig. Ikan Lumu pakkoh and Lumbut (Palem-
:
3. Cyprinus Cuvier.
that of ventrals. Anal short, its origin below dorsal, its last
simple ray strongly ossified and serrated behind. Scales large,
J
i Cyprinus carpio var. flavipinnis C.V. ).
a.
Cyprinus flavipinnis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 71.
Cyprinus flavipinna Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII. 1857, p. 345.
Carpio flavipinna Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 74.
71-8
4.5 in length with caudal, head 3.2
Height 3.5 3.6, 3.7 4.9
in length with caudal. Eye 3 5.6, in large specimens more
than 1.5 in snout and more than twice in interorbital space.
Maxillary barbels may be longer than half length of head.
Height of dorsal much more than that of body, that of anal
less, but more than that of body. Pectorals and ventrals sub-
4. Carassius Nilsson.
(NiLSSON, Prodrom. Ichth. Scandinav. 1832, p. 32).
Mouth terminal, without barbels. Dorsal long, with the last
,
i)' VALENCIENNES described it as a proper species after a drawing of KUHL
r ,&.VAN -HABSEI.T. VAN HASSELT drew attention to this form in a short publica-
"
"in A-lg. iCohsl- & Letterbode
1823, II. p. 132, where it was, by misprint,
'
-
>tio*j ",
rollo/1 tt l"lrM-i T^kn ro " Vio A\A t-^*f rritro otiir A oc7r>*-i i-\f \r\-r\ r\f if
called "floripenna"; he did not give any description of it.
IDS
A
Height about 2.5, head more than 3.3 in length. Eye more
than 4, somewhat shorter than snout and nearly twice in slightly
convex interorbital space. Dorsal nearly straight, its posterior
rays above anal. Pectorals and ventrals subequal. Caudal
peduncle about as long as deep and about half length of head.
Colour reddish golden.
N o m. i n d i g. Tambra mas (Malay.).
:
sal fin absent. The other fins may be perfect or the anal spine
is double, the caudal tri- or four-lobed. Also the eyes may
5. Amblyrhynchichthys Bleeker.
*
3V2 (4) scales between lateral line and ventrals.
51(6)
L. tr. i A. truncatus p. 105.
~5f~ _T_
2. 5 scales between lateral line and ventrals. L. tr. I . . . A. altus p. 106.
5*
Stout, oblong, back strongly ascending from snout, to dorsal.
Height 2.8 3, 3.4 3.7 in length with caudal. Head 4.2 4.4,
5.2 length with caudal, almost as high as long. Eye from
in
more than 2 / 2 to nearly 3, about equal to interorbital space
!
line, and nearer to end of snout than to caudal and one scale
behind origin of ventrals. Dorsal concave, its fourth ray strongly
ossified, exceedingly strong and evenly serrated behind, much
mul (Djambi).
Habitat: Sumatra (Palembang, Djambi!); Borneo (river
Kapuas: Pontianak, Bunut !, river Barito :
Banjermassin). Siam.
caudal. Head 3.7, 4.5 in length with caudal. Eye 2.6, equal
to interorbital space, / 4 longer than snout. Dorsal spine den-
!
6. Albulichthys Bleeker.
(BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XX. 18591860, p. 430).
very short, with branched rays, its spine weak. Caudal deeply
5
Systomus albuloides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 425.
Albulichthys albuloides Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1860,
p. 306. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 114.
Albulichthys albuloides Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 160.
5i
D. 4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.16 18; V. 1.9; L.I. 38; L. tr. j_.
5*
Height 3 4, nearly equal to the length of the head. Eye
about 3 / 2 a 1
,
little longer than snout. Origin of dorsal oppo-
site to 9 th or io
th scale of lateral
line, separated by n 12
scales from occiput. Origin of anal opposite to 23^ scale of
lateral line. Pectorals and ventrals subequal origin of ventrals ;
7. Mystacoleucus Gunther.
(GUNTHER, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 206).
4l
Compressed, oblong, dorsal profile ascending and slightly
convex. Height 2.7 3, 3.7 4 in length with caudal. Head
5.7 in length with caudal. Eye about 2 / 2
t
4.1 4.2, 5.6 3, equal
to convex interorbital space, but longer than snout, which is very
blunt and slightly prominent. Snout and upper part of head
provided with pores, diminishing in size backwards. Posterior
barbels at corner of mouth shorter than eye, but much longer
than the very slender rostral ones. Origin of dorsal opposite to
9th or io th scale of lateral line, somewhat before the middle of
a line connecting end of snout and root of caudal and opposite
to origin of ventrals or slightly behind it, separated by 9 10
scales from occiput. Dorsal slightly emarginate, fourth spine
with its flexible portion not much longer than head, rather strong,
strongly serrated behind. Anal truncate, its height about equal
to head without snout or somewhat shorter, both dorsal and anal
with a scaly sheath at their base. Ventrals subequal to pec-
their hindborder square, not reaching anal, separated
torals,
Capocta padangensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 593.
Systomus (Capoeta) padangensis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
P- 353-
Puntius (Capoeta) padangensis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 107.
p. 423.
Mystacoleucus padangensis Max Weber & de Beaufort, In Maass : Durch Zentral-
8. Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner.
(STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Mitth. IX. in Verhandl. zool. bot. Ges. Wien
XVI. 1866, p. 782).
eye. Pharyngeal teeth 5.2 2.4; those of the outer series very
strong, strongly compressed, laterally folded, their narrow
masticatory surface denticulated. Distribution as that of the
single species known.
Leuciscus idella Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. nat. Poissons XVII. 1844, p. 362.
Leuciscus idella Richardson, Report Ichth. China & Japan in Report British
Assoc. London 1846, p. 297.
Leuciscus tschiliensis Basilewsky, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou X. 1855,
P- 233.
Ctenopharyngodon laticeps Steindachner, Ichth. Mitth. IX. in Verhandl. zool.
Leuciscus idellus Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amsterdam XII. 1871, Memoire Cyprin.
de Chine p. 47.
112
7l
Note: BLEEKER mentions in Natuur- en Geneeskund. Archief
voor Nederl. Indie II (3), 1845, p. 513, a fish, called by the
natives of Batavia ^Ikan Mielim", as Dangila urostigma Val.
He gives no description or further explanation of this fish.
We are not aware, that VALENCIENNES described a fish under
this name.
INDO-AUSTRALIAN FISHES III. 8
114
Dangila microlepis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 595.
Dangila ocellata Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 194.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 43.
1517
Height about 3.3, 4.1 4.5 in length with caudal. Head about
4-5> 5-5 6 in length with caudal. Eye 3, equal to snout, but
much shorter than flat interorbital space. Conspicuous pores
anteriorly on the snout, generally in two rows. Maxillary barbels
equal to eye or shorter, rostral ones shorter. Origin of dorsal
or th scale of lateral
opposite to 1 2th 13 line, separated by
20 24 scales from occiput. Dorsal elevated in its anterior
part, longest rays about equal to length of head. Anal with
the anterior rays prolonged, about / 6 shorter than length of !
head, its origin opposite to about 46^ scale of lateral line and
to 23 r branched ray of dorsal. Ventrals and pectorals sub-
<*
bang, Djambi).
Habitat: Sumatra (Pangabuang, Palembang !, Lahat, Lema-
tang Enim, Gunung !, Sungei Mahe, Danau Sialong
Sahilan
lotong, river Kwantan, Indragiri, Djambi !); Borneo (river Kapuas:
Pontianak, Sintang !, Sebruang, Knapei, Selimbau Putus Sibau, !,
i) GUNTHER states that there are 3Va scales between the lateral line and the
root of the ventral fin, this must be a misprint, as well as that there are S /* 1
rows of scales below the lateral line in the linea transv ersalis.
LVII. 1905,
Dangila cuvieri Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. (2) p. 479.
Dangila koedjem Popta, Notes Leyden Mus.
XXIV. 1904, p. 192. ibid. XXVII.
1906, p. 81.
Dangila rosea Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1904, p. 193. ibid. XXVII.
1906, p. 85.
7-8
Height 3.7 4.4 4.7 in length with caudal. Head
3.3 ;
Java (Batavia).
Philippines (?).
Cyclocheilichthys (Siaja) microlepis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 371. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 85.
Barynotus microlepis Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1
868, p. 61.
400 mm. length the eye is shorter than the snout and i /2 m !
Thynnichthys polylepis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
p. 407. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 129.
Thynnichthys polylepis Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 158.
Thynnichthys polylepis Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, p. 84.
Thynnichthys polylepis Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902, p. 103.
D. 3.8 10; A. 3.5; P. 1.1718; V. 2.8; L.I. 65-75;
1617
L. tr. i .
16
Height 3.23.4, 4.3 4.5 in length with caudal. Head about
2
3.2, about 4,2 in length with caudal. Eye about 3 / 3 equal to ,
snout, i
/3
in
!
rounded interorbital space. Origin of dorsal
much nearer to end of snout than to base of caudal, opposite
to 1 5^h or 1 6th scale of lateral line; about 25 or 26 scales in
front ofDorsal concave, its height shorter than length of
it.
Fig. 57. Osteochilus hasselti (C.V.), less than half nat. size.
I. L.I. 45-53-
O O ]^
1. L. tr.
p-^.
L. 1. 47 49. Pores on snout . . O. borneensis p. 126.
9y
j j j 2
2. L. tr. . L. 1. 45 53. No pores on snout. 0. melanophiira p. 127.
1 1 1 2
7
II. L. 1.
3839. L. tr.
,"~ ,.
No pores O. kelabati p. 128.
7-2 *H
III. L. 1. 32 36, with or without pores.
1. Caudal peduncle surrounded by 20 scales. Middle
of eye in level with cleft of mouth O. schlegeli p. 129.
b. No pores on snout.
a'. 4^ 5 series of scales between L. 1. and
dorsal.
and dorsal.
126
Dorsal 3.11. L.
1.-^
................ O. spilurus p. 139.
Rohita borneensis Bleeker, Act. Soc. Scient. Indo. Neerl. II. 1857. Tiende Bijdrage
Ichth. Borneo p. 17.
Rohita (Rohita) borneensis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
p. 164. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 63.
Atl.
1'
Sumatra II. 1912. Fische, p. 523.
0.3.1617; A. 3.5 ;
P. 1.15; V. 1.8; L.I. 47 49; L. tr. i .
9*
Height more than 2 to 2.6, 2.7 3.4 in length with caudal.
Head 3.4 4.4, 4.6 5.8 in length with caudal. Eye 3.2 4.6,
1.2 to more than twice in snout, nearly in the middle of the
length of the head and about twice to 2.8 in somewhat convex
interorbital space. Snout blunt, conical, lower jaw more or
less ascending from chin. Three (5 according to BLEEKER in
his singlespecimen) pores in a transverse series on the snout,
the outer ones much smaller than the median one. Maxillary
barbels about equal to eye, the rostral ones shorter. Origin
of dorsal opposite to nth scale of lateral line, separated by
127
Rohita melanopleura Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 430.
Rohita (Rohita) melanopleura Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II.
Cyprini, 1860,
p. 163. Atl. Ichth. Ill, 1863, p. 62.
Osteochilus melanopleurus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII.
1868, p. 40.
Osteochilus melanopleurus Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V.
1893^.74.
Osteochilus melanopleurus Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2) LVII.
P- 479-
II - 12
TFH
Height 3 or less, 4 or less in length with caudal. Head 4
or more, 5 or more in length with caudal. Eye in large specimens
3.5 to more than 4, much shorter than snout, twice or more
in the interorbital space, situated about in the middle of the
length of the head. Snout blunt, not prominent, without pores.
Lower jaw very strongly ascending from chin. Maxillary
barbels longer than eye, the rostral ones somewhat shorter.
Origin of dorsal opposite to Qth or io th scale of lateral line,
separated by 13 16 scales from occiput. Anterior rays of
dorsal not or much prolonged, in the last case about equal to
height, ending above or behind origin of anal. Anal with the
anterior rays more or less prolonged, in the first case reaching
on caudal, their length more than that of head. Origin of anal
opposite to 24^ or 2$th scale of lateral line and to 15^ branched
dorsal ray. Ventrals and pectorals subequal, or the outer rays
of the prolonged and nearly reaching anal. Their
ventrals
!
origin separated by 5 5 / 2 scales from I2*h scale of lateral
I2Q
Rohita Schlegelii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851, p. 432.
Rohita (Rohita) Schlegeli Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
p. 169. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 65.
Osteochilus schlegelii Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 42.
Osteochilus Schlegelii Vaillant, Notes Ley den Mus. XXIV. 1902, p. 89.
6.^
61-7 '
Nom.
indig. Palau Bujap (Bo). :
Height 2.3, 3.1 in length with caudal. Head 4.3, 5.3 in length
with caudal. Eye 5.1, twice in snout, 3.2 in interorbital space.
Snout with a median great pore and a smaller one on each
side, all provided with a tubercle and arranged in a trans-
verse line. Maxillary barbels less than twice longer than eye,
rostral ones slightly longer than eye. Origin of dorsal opposite
to 8*h scale of lateral line, separated 12 scales from occiput.
by
5
Dorsal slightly emarginate, longest ray nearly / 8 of height
its
Osteochilus vittatoides Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902 1904, p. 195.
Ibid. XXVII. 1906, p. 94.
ray, separated by 4 4 /2 to !
scales from lateral line. Pectorals
somewhat shorter than head. Caudal deeply emarginate, the
lobes pointed, their length about equal to or much more than
height of body. Least height of caudal peduncle 1.7 or some-
what more in length of head, 1.2 1.4 in its own length,
surrounded by 16 scales. Colour of preserved specimens
yellowish, back darker. Generally a black band along the
lateral which may run to the end of the middle caudal
line,
The above
description is in accordance with that of BLEEKER
given forRohita vittata the description of CuviER & VALEN-
;
5i
thus: j^ and by having a black spot anteriorly on the base
5*
of the dorsal. In our material we find two specimens with the
same characteristicsand besides characterized by having only
3 / 2 series of scales between lateral line and origin of ventrals,
!
called Piit.
Rohita brachynotopterus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 266.
Rohlta (Rohita) brachynotopterus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini
1860, p. 122. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 67.
Osteochihis brachynotopterus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1 868, p. 43.
Osteochilus brachynotopterus M. Weber & de Beaufort, inMaass: n Durch Zentral-
II. 1912, Fische, p. 523.
Sumatra",
_5i
D. 3.10 n; A. 3.5; P. 1.1314; V. 34; L. tr.j_.
1.8; L.I. 33
6|
Height about 3.5, 4.5 5 in length with caudal. Head 4 to
along the back and the base of the dorsal. Length 150 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Benkulen, Lahat, Taluk!, Si-Djun-
djung!, Benakat, Palembang).
areng? (Kediri) ;
Palouw (Benkulen) Pawas
Palong (Lampong) ; ;
Rohita Waandersii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 733. Ichth.
Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 166. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 63.
Osteochilus ivaandersii Gtinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 43.
Osteochilus waandersii Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1890, p. 39.
D. 3 .i2; A. 3.5; P. 1.14; V. 1.8; L.I. 35 36; L.tr.__.
7
2 3
about 4 length with caudal. Head 4 / 5 5 / 4 in
1
Height 3 /-,
in ,
3
length with caudal. Eye 3 / 4 shorter than snout, nearly twice
,
Rohita Kappenii Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sclent. Ind." Neerl. II. 1857, Tiende Bijdrage
Ichth. Borneo, p. 19.
Rohtia (Rohita) Kappenii Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
/2
scales from nth O r I2th scale of lateral
line and
opposite to 4th branched ray of dorsal. Pectorals
slightly shorter than head. Caudal deeply bifurcate, much longer
than head. Least height of caudal peduncle I / 2 times or more !
4j
D. 3.11; A. 3.5; P. 1. 12; V. 1.8; L.I. 29 30; L.tr.j[.
51
Height 3.5, 4.5 with caudal. Head 4, 5.2 in length
in length
with caudal. Eye somewhat more than 3, shorter than snout
and about Snout somewhat pointed,
1.7 in interorbital space.
prominent with numerous small pores, without larger central
one. Maxillary barbels much longer than eye, the rostral ones
shorter. Origin of dorsal opposite to yth or 8th scale of lateral
line, separated by 10 n
scales from occiput. Dorsal gradually
3 4
,Head 3 /4 ; depth 2 / 5 ;
D. 2.16; A. 3, 5.1; P. 1.15; V. 1.8;
scales 33 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 2 more on
latter; 6 scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line obli-
quely uppermost scale very small; 5 scales between
back,
lateral line and origin of ventral, lowest scale very small; 10
scales before dorsal; width of head i 2 in its length; depth
!
Fig. 59. Cosmochilus faldfer T. Regan. Upper figure: mouth (m\ a rostral,
b maxillary barbel, //
horny sheath on lower jaw, pg postlabial groove.
142
&
longest, longer than eye. Origin of dorsal opposite to 1 1 scale
of lateral line;separated by about 14 scales from occiput.
Dorsal concave, the 4^ spine articulated throughout, very
elongate, when laid back reaching the caudal or nearly so, its
hindborder denticulated. Anal concave. Dorsal and anal scaly
at the base. Ventrals extending to vent, opposite to io th scale
of lateral line, from which they are separated by 5 scales;
subequal to pectorals, which are shorter than or equal to length
of head, and reach the ventrals or nearly
so. Caudal deeply
Capoeta macrolepidota Cuvier& Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 280.
Capoeta macrolepidota Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Gen. XXIII. (1849) 1850, Ichthyol.
Midden- & Oost-Java, p. 20.
Capoeta macrolepidota Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVIII. 1850, p. 1249.
144
Hampala macrolepidota Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2) LVII.
1905, p. 486.
Barbus hampal C. V. var. bifasciata Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXV. 1904 1905,
p. 173. Ibid. XXVII. 1906, p. 147.
/2
m interorbital space. Snout
pointed. Jaws nearly equal Mouth wide, extending
in length.
backwards slightly through frontborder of eye.
beyond vertical
Lips broadened: the upper one anteriorly, the lower lip late-
rally. A barbel behind corner of mouth, nearly as long
as
Capoeta ampalong Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 594.
Hampala ampalong Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 310.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 113.
Barbus ampalong Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 139.
_5_
Barbus hampal C.V. var. bimaculata Popta, Notes Ley den Mus. XXV. 1904 1905,
p. 173. Ibid. XXVII. 1906, p. 147.
il
D. 3.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.14 16; V. 2.7 8;L. 1.
25 27; L. tr._i_.
4?
Elongate, profile of back slightly elevated and arched, that
of head slowly descending with a shallow concavity behind
eyes. Height 3.5 4.1 in length without caudal, 4.5 5.4 in
length with caudal. Head 3 3.6 in length without caudal,
3.0, 4.6 in length with caudal. Eye 3.8 4.9 in length of head,
I>2 1.6 in snout, i.i 1.3 in interorbital space. Snout pointed.
The upper jaw a little longer than the lower one. Cleft of
mouth wide, maxillaries extending backwards to the vertical
/5
shorter than the third dorsal one. Ventrals separated by
the lateral lines. Most of the scales finely punctuated and with
radiating lines. The upper side of the fish is brownish violet,
on the sides of the body passing in yellow or yellowish red,
the under side is yellow or yellowish red. The anterior margin
147
of the dorsal fin, and the upper and lower margins of the
caudal fin, are black. Two large vertical blotches on the sides,
one under the posterior half of the basis of the dorsal fin
and somewhat behind it, the other on the two anterior thirds of
the free part of the caudal peduncle. Is said to reach 500 mm.
[This description was kindly made for us by Miss POPTA].
Nom. indig. Dungan (Borneo).
:
/2 longitu-
dinal between lateral line and dorsal. Lateral
series of scales
line running in the middle of the tail, complete, with 21 28
scales, the tubes of which are undivided. No sensory folds on
head. Gillmembranes united to isthmus, opposite to hindborder
of praeoperculum. Pharyngeal teeth spoon-shaped, in three
series 5.3.2 2.3.5.
Distribution: Fresh water of indo-australian Archipelago
(Sumatra, Java, Borneo;, of Asia and Africa.
31
Height 3.4 4.6 in length with caudal. Head about
3.8, 4.3
!
4.3, 5.4 length within caudal. Eye about 4, about i / 3 in
somewhat prominent snout and nearly twice in interorbital
space. Mouth inferior. Lips moderately thick, median part of
lower lip without lobe, but fixed to the skin. Rostral barbels
about as long as eye or longer, shorter than maxillary ones.
3 j
Length of operculum i / 2 1 / 4 in its height. Origin of dorsal
H9
nearer to snout than to base of caudal, opposite to 7*h or 8th
somewhat before origin of ventrals, separated
scale of lateral line,
3*
Differs from L. soro by a slightly longer head, which goes
3.5 4 in length, by a lower dorsal, which goes 1.3 1.6 in
head and by its third spine, which is very weak and scarcely
ossified. The anal is much higher than the dorsal and reaches
the caudal, when depressed. Ventrals only slightly shorter
than height of dorsal. Pectorals conspicuously longer than the
height of dorsal. The median fixed part of lower lip is broader
than in L. soro. [Type of the species in the zoological Museum
of Amsterdam].
Nomen in dig. :
Pidjen (Javan.).
Habitat: One specimen mm. from Lake Kawar!
of 475
(Laut Kawar) Sumatra,
Deli, Dr. L. Ph. de Bussy leg., and two
specimens of 218 and 226 mm. from river Pangus on Mount
Ungarang, Java!, E. Jacobson leg.
150
Labeobarbus tambroides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie VII. 1854, p. 92.
Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1 860, p. 386. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 77.
/2
or more in snout, i
!
/2
to 2 in interorbital
Barbus douronensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 187.
Barbus douronensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie VII. 1854, p. 91.
Labeobarbus douronensis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
p. 392. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 79.
Bar bus doiwonensis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII.
1868, p. 132.
Barbus douronensis Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902, p. loo.
Labeobarbtis douronensis Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Science Philadelphia (2)
LVII. 1905, p. 483.
Bar bus douronensis Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 142.
-i
by 12 scales.
Silvery, back darkish. Base of scales of back
and sides darkish. Fins hyaline. Length 350 mm.
Nom. in dig.: Garing (Manindjau); Semah (Benkulen);
Kantjera (Tjisaat and Tjandjur); Anak Sengkareng (Djember);
Soro (Sundan.) Wader (Javan.); Silap (Bongan, Howong); Padak
;
Barbus tambra Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 190.
Labeobarbus tambra Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII, 1857, p. 476. -
Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 389. Atl. Ichth. III.
1863, p. 78.
Barbus tambra Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 132.
3*
Height 3
!
/3 4, 4
!
X
Fig. 63. Cyclocheilichthys eitoplos (Blkr.).
1
/3-
not reaching eye. Upper and lower jaw equal or the upper
one overlapping the lower. The upper strongly protractile. Lips
more or less swollen, sometimes rugose, continuous as also
the postlabial groove, which runs parallel with the lips. pair A
of rostral and maxillary barbels; the rostral ones or all may
154
a. 4 barbels.
1) Eye 4 or more, 1.5 or more in postorbital
Oxybarbus heteronema Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, P- 83.
Barbus heteronema Duncker, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg XXI. 1904, p. 179.
51(6)
D.4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.16; V. 1.9; L.I. 35; L. tr. i .
6|
Dorsal profile, especially from nape, strongly ascending. Height
3.6 in length with caudal. Head about 3 / 2 4 /2 in length
1 J
2.8, >
Barbus apogon Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 392.
Systomus apogon Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 428.
Systomus apogonoides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 410.
Cyclocheilichthys (Anematichthys) apogon Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II.
ish brown, upper parts dark brown, each scale with a dark
spot at the base. A
large black spot at the end of the lateral
line. Vertical fins darkish, the others more or less hyaline.
2 4
Height 3 / 2 4 /3 in length with caudal. Head 3 / 3 3 / 5 its
! !
, >
in length of head. A
narrow blackish band runs along the
lateral line. Dorsal and caudal with blackish margins; dorsal
blackish in its lower anterior part. Length over 200 mm.
[A specimen from the collection of BLEEKER in the Leiden
Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Borneo (river Kapuas: Pontianak!).
its height about equal to head without snout, its simple rays
Tjakkul,Wader (Javan.).
Habitat: Sumatra (Palembang, Djambi!); Java (Surabaya,
Ngawi on Solo river). Siam.
Barbus repasson Max Weber, Zool. Ergeb. Reise Niederl. Ost-Indien, Hft. 2, 1894,
3 3 /2,
flat
1
snout, nearly equal to but always less than J9 shorter than
postorbital part of head. Skin of head gelatinous, with a
multitude of parallel, more or less wavy sensory lines. Snout
blunt, prominent. Lips swollen, the lower one mesially with a
posterior curve, its frontpart with longitudinal folds. The
lower jaw received within the upper. Barbels 4, small, much
shorter than half eye, the posterior pair near the corner of
the mouth, longer than the anterior ones the base of both is ;
_6_
D. 3.8; A. 3.5; P.I.I;; V. 1.9; L.I. 36 37; L. tr. T.
5*
Compressed. Dorsal profile slightly ascending from snout to
c 7
dorsal. Height equal to length of head, 3 / n 3 / 10 in length
2
without caudal. Eye 3 / 3 3 / 3 equal to or /o less tnan slightly
!
,
!
Capoeta Deventeri Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 413.
Cyclocheilichthys (SiajaJ Deventeri Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 375. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 87.
Barbus deventeri Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 138.
6(51)
0.4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.1214; V. 2.9; L.I. 34; L.tr._j__.
51
3
Height 3, 3% in length with caudal; head 3 / 4 ,
more than
5 in length with caudal. Eye about 3, about equal to interor-
bital space, about equal to snout. Mouth rather small, with the
i6 3
Bar bus armatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 163.
Barbus Valenciennesi Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXIII. (1849) 1850, Ichth.
Midden & Oost Java, p. 17.
Cyclocheilichthys (Cyclocheilichthys) armatus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr.
II.Cyprini, 1860, p. 368. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 84.
Barbus armatus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. in.
Barbus armatus Popta, Notes Ley den Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 126.
6|
D.4.8 9; A. 3.5; P. 1.15 16; .2.9; L. 1.
35 36; L. tr. j_.
6^
Dorsal profile of head strongly descending to the very blunt
snout, that of back strongly arched. Height about 2.4, 3 in
length with caudal. Head 3.4, about 4.5 in length with caudal.
Eye 3.4 3.6, about equal to snout and slightly shorter than
J
flat interorbital space, about / 3 shorter than postorbital part
of head. A pair of very short barbels near corner of mouth
and sometimes a rudimentary pair of rostral barbels. Origin
of dorsal opposite to io th or nth scale of lateral line, some-
164
anal, separated /2
scales from ioth scale of lateral line.
by 4 4
!
i) In the Atl. Ichth. III. plate CXXXVI. (Cypr. XXXV) the figures of
Puntius schwanefeldi and C. macropus are interchanged this explains the mistake
5
of Vinciguerra (Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova XIV. 1879, P- 3^9)i w ^o wrongly iden-
tified specimens of P. schwanefeldi as C. macropus.
1 66
4
in its length; depth of head, over middle of orbit, i / 7 snout ;
2 3/4
! !
eye
; 3; maxillary 3 /2 ; length of
interorbital space 3 /2 ;
1
of pectoral T / 3 of ventral i*/ 4 least depth of caudal peduncle 2 / 2
!
; ;
-
in its length.
Head compressed, moderately long, and upper profile hori-
zontally oblique and straight. Snout rather long and obtuse.
Eye large, longer than deep, a little anterior and high. Pupil
large, vertical. Mouth inferior and terminal, upper jaw about
even with tip of snout. Lips rather thin and transversely plicate.
Tongue little free or distinct. Mandible inferior, not extending
forward opposite tip of upper jaw. Upper jaw protractile. A
small pointed maxillary barbel at corner of mouth. Nostrils
adjoining, close in front of upper orbital rim. Preorbital long,
about 7 / 8 of length of horizontal orbital diameter. Interorbital
space flattened, a concave medianly.
trifle
17. Lissochilus n. g.
A
,. postlabial groove? in
.
3_i
0.34.9; A. 3.5; P. 1.15; V. 1.8; L.I. 24 25; L.tr.j^.
3*
Height 3.1 4.2 in length with caudal. Head 3.4
3.2, 4 3.7,
1
4.5 4.6 in length with caudal. Eye 4 4.2, nearly i ^ in snout,
which is slightly longer than interorbital space. Snout bluntly
convex, prominent. Upper lip rather thick. Rostral barbel about
equal to eye, maxillary one longer. Below the eye and reaching
to base of rostral barbel, a rather long patch of pores, arranged
in 4 irregular horizontal rows each pore carries a horny tubercle
;
PH. DE BUSSY.
more than i'/2 times in its length; eye 4.6 5. P. microps p. 186.
6_
a. L. tr. i. Seven blackish longitudinal
4
streaks on the body P. strigatus p. 192.
SVi-6
b. L.tr. i . No longitudinal streaks. P. huguenini p. 193.
Caudal
^S^ surrounded 16
If). peduncle by
scales.
173
1. Anal 3.5.
9 scales between L.I. andD., 5 5^2 between V. and L.I. P. nini p. 202.
Doubtful species.
P. amblyrhynchus p. 204.
P. bunter p. 204.
P. carassioides p. 204.
P. vittatus p. 205.
Capoeta oligolepis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IV. 1853, p. 296.
Systomus (Capoeta) oligolepis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
i860, p. 357.
174
Barbus oligolepis Max Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Reise Niederl. Ost-Ind., 1894, p. 423.
Gnathopogon javanicus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 117. Ned. Tijdschr.
Dierk. II. 1865, p. 137.
Bar bus aphya Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 137.
4l
D. 2.7; A. 2.6; P. i.is 1
); V. 2.6; L. 1.
35 ; L. tr. T.
4'i
4l(5)
Compressed, dorsal profile from snout to dorsal ascending,
slightly convex, with a concavity above the nape. Height
2.7 2.8, head 3.6 to about 4. Eye more or less than 3, about
scales from lateral line; their end far distant from anus or
reaching Pectorals nearly reaching ventrals or not so far.
it.
- - Siam.
Surabaya, Gombong, Palabuan).
In rivers, lakes and marshes.
Systomus (Barbodes) belinka Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1 860,
p. 321.
Puntius (Barbodes) belinka Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 93.
Barbus schwanefeldi Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 112 (p. p.)-
Barbiis (Puntius) belinka Max Weber & de Beaufort, In Maass : "Durch Zentral
Sumatra" II. 1912, Fische p. 526.
3.1 in length with caudal. Head 4.1 4.3, 5.4 5.8 in length
with caudal. Eye 3.6, about equal to snout and somewhat more
in postorbital part of head. Mouth terminal; four barbels, equal to
or somewhat longer than eye. Origin of dorsal opposite to
th scale of lateral line and
13 slightly before middle of line con-
necting end of snout and last scales on tail, separated by 16
scales from occiput. Dorsal deeply emarginate, the last ray
prolonged. Fourth dorsal spine rather strong, coarsely denti-
culated behind, with its stiff portion somewhat shorter than
head, nearly twice in height. Anal emarginate, height of third
spine more than i\/ 2 in head. Origin of ventrals separated by
4 scales from II th scale of lateral line, somewhat shorter than
pectorals, not reaching anus. Pectorals equal to distance from
hindborder of operculum to nostrils, far distant from base of
ventrals. Caudal deeply forked, its lobes pointed, much longer
than head. Least height of caudal peduncle 1.2 1.3 in its
2
length, about i
/3
in head, surrounded by 16 scales. Scales
without longitudinal lines. Silvery, back dark, in formol specimens
with faint longitudinal lines, corresponding to the rows of
scales. Posterior part of dorsal darkish. Caudal lobes with an
intramarginal black band. Length 235 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Padang, Solok!, lake Singkarah).
Malacca.
1905, p. 485.
2
lateral line, not reaching anus. Pectorals about /3
of head,
i8o
Barbus Everetti Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIII. 1894, p. 248.
3i
D.4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.13; V. 1.7; L.I. 22 25; L. tr.
j_.
4*
Height 2.1, 3.7 in length with caudal; head 3.7, 4.7 in length
with caudal. Eye 4.2, 1.6 in interorbital space, 1.4 in snout,
which rounded and not prominent. Rostral barbels i 2 / 3 to
is
Bdrbus (Barbodes) hexazona Max Weber & de Beaufort, In Alfr. Maass: Durch
Zentral-Sumatra, II. 1912, Fische, p. 527.
51
D. 4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.14; V. 1.8; L.I. 23 25; L. tr. j_.
4l
Oblong, dorsal profile strongly arched, with a slight conca-
vity above the nape. Height 2.3 2.4, 3 or somewhat more
in length with caudal. Head 3.2 3.4, 4.3 4.4 in length with
Barbus pentazona Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIII. 1894, p. 248.
Barbus (Barbodes) pentazona Steindachner, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch.
XXV. 1901, p. 454.
5K6)
D. 3.8; A. 3.5; L.I. 22 25; L.tr. i .
4*
Height 22/5 3. Head 3
2 l
i
l
/2
diameter of eye. Third dorsal spine strong, 2 / 3 length of
head with 18 to 20 strong serrae, the spine opposite to inner
ventral ray and equally distant from end of snout and caudal
fin. Longest ray of anal 2 of head. Three scales between
/ 3 length
the fourth and fifth on the caudal peduncle. These bands may
have a brownish-yellow margin. Base of dorsal or part of it
blackish. Length 51 mm. [After BOULENGER and STEINDACHNER,
not seen by us].
Habitat: Singapore [BritishMuseum] Borneo (Baram river,
;
Barbus tetrazona Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sclent. Indo-Neerl. II. 1857. Tiende Bijdr.
Ichth. Borneo p. 14.
Systotnus (Barbodes) tetrazona Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860,
P- 341-
Puntius (Barbodes) tetrazona Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 102.
Barbus tetrazona Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 124.
4|
D.4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.14; V. 1.8; L.I. 24 25; L.tr. _i_-
4}
Compressed, dorsal profile arched from snout to dorsal.
Height 2.8, 3.1 in length with caudal. Head 3.5, 4.7 in length
with caudal. Eye 3.8, slightly shorter than snout and inter-
orbital space. Snout obtuse, slightly prominent, rostral barbels
shorter than maxillary ones, which are nearly twice eye. Origin
of dorsal opposite to 8th scale of lateral line and to origin of
ventrals, nearly opposite to the middle of a line connecting
end of snout and base of caudal, separated by 9 scales from
occiput. Dorsal nearly truncate, fourth osseous spine of moderate
strength and finely serrated behind, with its flexible portion
equal to head without snout. Anal truncate, its longest rays
half length of dorsal. Pectorals and ventrals equal, slightly
shorter than head. Ventrals reaching anus, outer prolonged ray
reaching anal; separated by 3 scales from lateral line. Outer
ray of pectorals prolonged, reaching on ventrals. Caudal deeply
emarginate, lobes somewhat pointed, shorter than head. Least
height of caudal peduncle nearly half length of head, i'/ 2 in
itsown length, surrounded by 12 scales. Scales with longitudinal
striae.Colour of specimen examined probably faded. Silvery,
with brownisch upper surface. A dark broad band from back
behind nape to above pectorals, a second broad band from
base of dorsal to ventrals, a third band across the tail to base
of anal but not continued below lateral line, a fourth band
nearly reduced to a large patch at end of caudal peduncle.
An indication of a longitudinal band immediately above the
1 84
Kapuas).
4*
Compressed, dorsal profile nearly straight. Height
oblong,
2.8 2.9, 3.7 length with caudal. Head 3.5
in 3.6, 4.5 4.9
in length with caudal. Eye somewhat more than 3, nearly equal
to snout, slightly less than interorbital space. Snout somewhat
4l
Oblong, dorsal profile of head slightly ascending in a straight
line, behind nape slightly arched or slowly ascending, often
with a sudden elevation behind the nape. Height 3.3 3.4,
4.1 4.2 in length with caudal. Head 3.2 3.3, 4 4.1 in length
with caudal. Eye 5, 1.6 1.8 in pointed snout, which is some-
what longer than interorbital space. Mouth nearly terminal,
the upper lip overlapping the lower one. Maxillary barbels more
than i / 2 to 2 times as long as eye, the rostral ones shorter.
!
Bar bus microps Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 124.
ii
D.4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.15 16; V. 1.8; L.I. 26; L. tr. j_.
4 .V
Barbus blitonensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. (1851) 1852, p. 96.
Barbus kusanensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 429.
Barbus polyspilos Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII. 1857, p. 351.
Systomus (Barbodes) maculatus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1860,
P. 347-
Systomus (Barbodes') goniosoma Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini
1860, p. 349.
Puntius (Barbodes) maculatus Bleeker, All. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 104.
Puntius {Barbodes) goniosoma Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 105.
Puntius (Barbodes) maculatus Kner, Novara Exp. I. Fische, 1865 1867^.346.
Barbus maculatus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 123.
Barbus goniosoma Gunther, Ibid. p. 124.
Puntius {Barbodes) maculatus Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva XIV. 1879,
P- 391.
Puntitis (Barbodes) goniosoma Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva XIV. 1879,
p. 396.
Bar bus maculatus var. Gunther, Challenger Exp. Report Shore Fishes 1880, p. 53.
BarbTis goniosoma Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, p. 81.
Barbiis (Puntius) maculatus Perugia, Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva (2) XIII. 1893,
p. 245.
Barbus palavanensis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XV. 1895, p. 186.
Barbus {Barbodes) maculattis Steindachner, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. XXV.
1901, p. 453.
Barbus maculatus Volz, Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Syst. XIX. 1903, p. 398.
Barbus maculatus Volz, Revue Suisse Zool. XII. 1904, p. 475.
Barbus macidatus Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 138.
Barbodes binotatus Jordan & Scale, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXXIII. 1908, p. 538
(salve syn.).
? Barbus ivis
Scale, Philipp. Journ. of Science 1909, p. 494.
Barbus maculatus v. hagenii Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXXIV. 1911, p. 9.
Barbodes maculatus Bean & Weed, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XLII. 1912, p. 593.
D. 4.8; A. 3.5 ;
P. 1.15-17; V. 1.89; L- 1-
2327; L.tr. i
i?
A very variable species, also in form of body of large specimens
of equal size. Height 2.5 3.4, 3.3 4.1 in length with caudal.
Head 3.6 3.9; 4.5 5 in length with caudal. Eye 3.3 4.5 in
head, I to1.7 in snout, 1.3 to nearly 2 in interorbital space.
Snout pointed or more or less blunt. Mouth terminal or nearly
so. Lips rather thin, continuous. Rostral barbels longer than
eye, maxillary ones longer even to more than twice diameter
of eye. Origin of dorsal opposite to 8th or 9th scale of lateral line,
behind origin of ventrals or opposite to it, nearer to caudal
or opposite to the middle of a line connecting end of snout
and base of caudal; separated by 9 10 scales from occiput.
Dorsal truncate or nearly so. Fourth osseous spine more or
less strong, conspicuously serrated behind, its height somewhat
1 88
less than length of head, its stiff portion about equal to head
without snout. Anal truncate or nearly so, its height equal to
half head or somewhat longer or shorter. Ventrals shorter than
3 scales from
!
Fig. 74. Puntius binotatus (C.V.). Four stages of growth to show the change
of the markings according to size. X I -3-
and with an other less distinct one in the middle of the root
of the preceded by a faint dark longitudinal band.
caudal,
This band develops out of a series of more or less confluent
black spots. In still younger specimens this series is represented
by four or three widely separate black spots, they have besides
a black spot at the base of the anal, which disappears later
on. Large specimens often show no markings at all, they may
also show nuptial epidermoidal pearls or violet spots in the
centre of each scale. Length about 170 mm.
Nomen indig. : Bunter and Benter (Sundan.) Wader tjakul ;
(Javan.) ;
Tanah and Sepadak (Benkulen) Tewaring ; (River Bo) ;
of the immature (see our figure 74, p. 189) have been retained.
Barbus platysoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 404.
Systomus {Barbodes) platysoma Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, .
1860, p. 336.
Pimtius (Barbodes} platysoma Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 100.
Barbus platysoma Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 122.
7_
0.4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.1213; V. 2.8; L.I. 26; L. tr. j_.
2
5 / 3 in length with caudal ). Eye about 3, longer than the short,
!
/2
series of scales from lateral line, nearly
i) The single specimen known, preserved in the British Museum and studied
by us, is much damaged; the measures including the caudal are taken from
BLEEKER'S description.
Length of the single specimen known 180 mm. [The single
specimen known, in the British Museum, seen by us].
Nomen in dig. Wader (Javan.).
:
IT
D. 4-8; A. 3.5; P. 1.1314; V. 1.8; L.I. 23; L.tr.j_.
5*
Capocta tetrazona Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 262.
Systomus (Capoeta) sumatranus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 354.
Puntitis (Capoeta) sumatranus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 108.
Bar bus sumatranus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII, 1868, p. 140.
Bar bus sumatranus Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, p. 82.
Length 70 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Lahat, Taluk!, Ringat!, Deli); Borneo
(Bengkayang, Mandhor, Danau Sriang, river Kapuas). Siam
[British Museum].
/4
shorter than length of head. Dorsal
I
92
separated by from
2 1 / 2 scalesthe io th scale of the lateral line.
Ventrals not reaching anus. Caudal deeply forked, equal to
head. Least height of caudal peduncle 1.5 1.6 in its own length,
Barbiis strigatus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIII. 1894, p. 247.
6^
D. 3.8; A. 3.5; L.I. 29; L. tr. j_.
4
J
Height almost 2 / 2 in length with caudal; head
about !
, /3 3
4.1, 5.6 in
length with caudal. Eye 3, nearly equal to snout,
somewhat shorter than interorbital space. Rostral barbel slightly
3
longer than eye, / 4 length of maxillary barbel. Origin of dorsal
opposite to io
th scale of lateral
line, separated by scales n
from occiput; dorsal concave, its height equal to length of
head its third spine strong and serrated, 4 /s length of head.
;
5
Origin of anal below 17^ scale of lateral line. Its height /6
Bar bus huguenini Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IV. 1853. p. 294.
Systonms (Barbodes} Huguenini Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 332.
Puntius (Bar bodes} Huguenini Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 98.
Bar bus huguenini Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 120.
51-6
D. 4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.1415; V. 2.78; L.I. 3032; L. tr. i .
5-54
Strongly compressed, back convex, profile of neck and head
sloping downward nearly in a straight line. Height 2.5 2.7,
3.3 3.6 in length with caudal. Head rather small, 4.3 4.7, about
5.7 6.3 in length with caudal. Eye 3.2 4.6, equal to or conspi-
cuously shorter than snout, 1.2 to more than twice in interorbital
space. Rostral and maxillary barbels subequal and about equal to
or longer than diameter of eye. The origin of the dorsal is a
little behind the vertical from that of the ventrals, midway
between the end of the snout and the root of the caudal and
separated by 10 scales from occiput. Dorsal acute, its height
somewhat more or equal to length of head its osseous ray is ;
strong with the serrature very conspicuous and rather coarse, the
denticulations being numerous and closely set, and with the stiff
portion being longer than the head without snout. Anal acute,
emarginate, its height not much less than that of dorsal. Pectorals
and ventrals subequal; in the large specimen the outer ventral
rays prolonged and reaching anus pectorals slightly shorter
;
Barbus rubripinna van Hasselt, Algem. Konst- en Letterbode 1823, II. p. 132
(no description).
Barbus gardonides Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 157
(p.p. spec, javan. tantum).
INDO-AUSTRALIAN FISHES III. 13
194
Systomus (Barbodes') rubripinna Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
i860, p. 337.
Puntius (Barbodes} rubripinna Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. IOO.
Barbus rubripinnis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 116.
Barbodes rubripinnis Jordan & Scale, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXXIII. 1908, p. 538.
551
D.4.8; A. 3. 5; P. 1.1416; V. 1.8; L. 1.31 34; L.tr. i .
51
the caudal and the end of the snout, situated above the io th
to ii th scale of lateral line, separated by 13 scales from n
occiput. Dorsal emarginate. Fourth osseous ray strong, coarsely
serrated by about 20 serratures; its stiff portion about equal
to distance between nostril and hindborder of operculum with ;
l
6 6 3 / 4 in total length. Ventrals separated by $ / 2 series of
scales from lateral line. In large specimens the ventrals do not
reach the anal, the pectorals not the ventrals. Caudal deeply
incised, the lobes pointed, longer than head. Caudal peduncle
1
surrounded by 16 scales; its height i / 3 i
/?
in length of head. !
4f-5l
length with
!
i) GUNTHER says: "its depth is one-fourth of the total length (without caudal)".
This must be a misprint.
of caudal peduncle, surrounded by 16 scales. Yellowish, dor-
sally brown or yellowish brown. Base of dorsal and lateral
scales with a transverse brown line.
Upper part of dorsal brown,
a blackish intermarginal band on the upper and lower caudal
lobe. Length 215 mm. [Type of the species in the British
Museum seen by us, as also of B. strigatus Vaillant (nee Blgr.)
and of B. boulengeri Popta in the Leyden Museum].
Nom. in dig.: Hanja (Bongan and Howong).
Habitat: Borneo (rivers Raun, Bongan and Howong,
affluents of river Kapuas, river Bo, affluent of river Mahakam,
Baram river! [Brit. Mus.], Senah !, Sarawak!, Tinjar river!,
[Brit. Mus.].
Barbus gonionotiis Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIII. (1849) 1850, Ichth. Midden-
en Oost-Java, p. 15.
Barbus javanicus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 403.
Barbus koilometopon Bleeker, Ibid. XIII. 1857, p. 347.
Systomus (Barbodes} javanicus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 328.
Systomus (Barbodes) koilometopon Bleeker, Ibid. p. 330.
Systomus bulu Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851, p. 207.
Systomus (Systomtis} bulu Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini, 1860, p. 360.
Puntius (Puntius} bulu Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. Ill, 1863, p. no.
Barbus bulu Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 149.
snout convex. Height 2.3, 3.3 in length with caudal. Head 3.3,
4.7 in length with caudal. Eye 3, somewhat longer than snout,
surrounded by a gelatinous membrane, situated somewhat below
the dorsal profile, shorter than the flat interorbital space. Snout
convex, obtuse. Mouth strongly arched, nearly reaching front-
border of eye. No barbels. Origin of dorsal opposite to io tn
scale of lateral line, above the middle of a line connecting
end of snout and root of caudal, and about opposite to origin
of ventrals, separated by 13 scales from occiput. Dorsal with
a high scaly sheath, deeply concave, the anterior rays prolonged.
Fourth osseous spine strongly serrated and much longer than
head. Anal with a scaly sheath, deeply concave, third osseous
spine strong, somewhat shorter than head. Pectorals and ven-
trals Ventrals separated by 4 x / 2 scales from lateral
subequal.
line, just reaching anal. Pectorals longer than head without
Systomus Waandersi Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XVI. 1858 1859, p. 358.
Systomus (Systomus] Waandersi Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 359.
Puntius (Puntius) Waandersi Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. no.
Barbus waandersi Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 149.
Barbus Waandersi Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (3) V. 1893, p. 83.
Barbus proctozysron Volz, Revue Suisse Zool. XII. 1904, p. 477 (nee Bleeker) >).
I) This species is mentioned by VOLZ (Revue suisse de Zool. XII. 1904, p. 477)
from river Kwantan, Sumatra. Fortunately he gives an
ample description of his
single example. This description shows, that he had not a specimen of B. proc-
tozysron Blkr. but of Puntius waandersi Blkr. at his disposition. VOLZ states in
his description: Lange der Brustflosse gleich der grossten Korperhohe oder
der Ventralflosse." This is an
gleich impossibility and probably a misprint for
201
__
D.4.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.15 16; V.2.8 9; L.I. 37; L.tr._i_.
71
Compressed, elevated, dorsal profile strongly ascending in a
straight line from snout to dorsal with a slight concavity at
the nape. Height 2.1 2.2, 2.7 3 in length with caudal. Head
3.2 3.6, 4.5 4.6 in length with caudal. Eye 2.8 to more than
3, longer than snout, surrounded by a gelatinous membrane,
situated near the upper profile of the head, about equal to
the flat or excavated interorbital space. Snout very
slightly
blunt. Mouth
inferior, strongly arched, rather narrow. Maxil-
Asien I.Zoologie, 1876, p. 402), from Sintang, Borneo. He puts a query with the
specific name. Now B. proctozysron Blkr. is very easy to recognise by its strongly
dentated anal spine, a character unique among Barbini^ as BLEEKER has shown.
We suppose, that the definition of v. MARTENS, which he doubted himself, was
erroneous. B, proctozysron is therefore till now only known from Siam.
202
Nom. in dig. :
Kepiat (Djambi); Tjipo (Palembang).
Habitat: Sumatra (Palembang Djambi!, Indragiri); Java
!,
(Ngawi) ;
Borneo (river Kapuas ;
river Mahakam, Kota Bangun !).
7l
Strongly compressed, oblong, very elevated. Dorsal profile
ascending nearly in a straight line from nape to dorsal, head
above eyes convex/Height 2, 2.6 in length with caudal. Head
3.5, about 4.5 in length with caudal. Eye large, 3.1 3.3 in
head, situated for its greater part in the anterior half of the
Systomus lawak Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 411.
Systomus (Systomus] lawak Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1860,
p. 361. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. in.
Bar bits lawak Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 149.
J5_
D.4.8; A. 3.7; P. 1.17; V. 1.9; L.I. 34+2; L. tr.
_i_.
6J
Compressed, very elevated, dorsal profile strongly ascending
from front to dorsal and somewhat arched. Height 2,6, 3.3 in
length with caudal. Head 3.9, 5 in length with caudal. Eye 4.3,
surrounded by a gelatinous membrane, situated for its greater
part in the anterior half of the head, slightly below the upper
2
profile, about /3
of length of snout and nearly twice in flat
interorbital space. Mouth nearly terminal; no barbels. Origin
of dorsal opposite to nth scale of lateral line and to that of
ventrals and to the middle of a line, connecting end of snout
and base of caudal; separated by about 13 scales from occiput.
Dorsal with a scaly sheath, deeply emarginate, the fourth
spine, which
is
strongly ossified and strongly denticulated and
the divided ray are much prolonged and / 4 longer than the
first
J
Doubtful species.
30. Puntius amblyrhynchus (Blkr.).
Barbus bunter Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII. 1857, p. 150.
Systomus (Barbodei) bunter Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 340.
Puntius (Barbodes) bunter Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 101.
Systomus* (Barberies') carassioides Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 352.
i) By GUNTHER: Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 83, erroneously called "punter";
Bunter is the sundanese name for some species of Puntius.
205
Borneo); Siam.
p> 301.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 80.
Barbus melanoptertis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 150.
D. 4.89 ;
A. 3.5 ;
P. I.I5 ;
V. 2.8 9 L.
;
1.
3435 ;
L. tr. i
51
/2
i*1 convex
interorbital space. Mouth protractile, slightly inferior, snout
prominent. Upper lip swollen and crenulated, anterior part its
Fig. 78. Lateral view of anterior Fig. 79. Inferior view of opened
part of snout of mouth of
Barbichthys laevis (C. V.). Barbichthys laevis (C. V.).
a rostral, b maxillary barbels; flower jaw; //lower lip; ;;/ mouthopening, with
the longitudinal folds on the palate; rf rostral fold; uj upper jaw; ul upper lip.
Bar bus laevis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 192.
Dangila lipocheilus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842^.232
(according to Bleeker).
Bar bus brachynemus Bleeker, Verb. Batav. Gen. XXIII. (1849) ^50, Ichth.
Midden en Oost-Java, p. 18.
Barbus gobioides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 592.
Barbus laevis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie V. 1853, p. 447.
Barbus taeniopterus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIV. 1857, p. 475
(mutatio nominis specific!).
Barbichthys laevis Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1860, p. 209.
Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 49.
Barbichthys laevis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 158.
Barbichthys laevis var. sumatranusVolz, Revue Suisse de Zoologie XII. 1904, p. 478.
6J
0.3.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.15 ;
V. 1.8; L.I. 37 39; L.tr.jtJ.
6^
Height about
!
3 /2
in length, 4.7 5 in length with caudal.
Head 3.4 3.5, 4.7 4.8 in length with caudal. Eye 4, some-
what more than half snout and half interorbital space. Barbels
Rohita chrysophekadion Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXIII. (1849) 1850, Bijdr.
Ichth. Midden- en Oost-Java p. 20.
Rohita cyanomelas Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 597.
Rohita polyporos Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie V. 1853, P 5 I 9-
Rohita koilo-geneion Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII. 1857, p. 359.
Chrysophekadion polyporos Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XX. 18591860,
p. 102.
Morulius chrysophekadion Bleeker, Ichth. Arch, Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1860,
p. 188. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 72.
Labeo chrysophekadion Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 52.
Labeo chrysophekadion Volz, Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Syst. XIX. 1903, p. 396.
Height 2.6 3.5, 3.2 4.3 in length with caudal. Head 4.2 4.5,
5.4 5.7 in length with caudal. Eye 4.5 5, about in the
211
Fig. 82. Ventral surface of head of Fig. 83. Scheme of median section
Labeo rohitoides (Blkr.). through region of mouth of Labeo.
a rostral barbel; af transverse fold of lower lip ; b maxillary barbel Ib lateral lobe of ;
maxillary with horny covering; rf rostral fold; ul upper lip; v vestibulum oris.
(Malay. Batavia).
Habitat: Java (Batavia, Lebak, Parongkalong).
p. 296.
1
D. 3.13 ;
A. 3.5 ;
P. 16 ;
V. 1.8 ;
L. 1. 41 ;
L. tr. i_.
8
Lobocheilos rohitoides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII. 1857, p. 363.
Labeo (Diplocheilos) rohitoides Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1860,
p. 139. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 53.
Osteochilus Jentinkii Popta, Notes Ley den Mus. XXIV. 1902 1904, p. 194.
Ibid. XXVII. 1906, p. 91.
Labto (Diplocheilus} rohitoides Max Weber & de Beaufort, in: Maass "Durch
Zentral-Sumatra" II. 1912, Fische p. 524.
61
Height 3.5, 4.5 in length with caudal; head 4.5, 5.8 in length
with caudal. Eye 4, twice in snout, 2.4 in interorbital space. Snout
very blunt, rounded and prominent, with numerous pores of
different size; its pendulous part with a lateral lobe, covering
origin separated
and opposite to y& branched ray of dorsal. Pectorals
lateral line
Lobocheilos pleurotaenia Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 267.
Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini 1860,
p. 143. Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 55.
Labeo plairotaenia Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 58 (sine synon.).
5f-6
D. 3.10 II; A. 3.5; P. 1.1415; V. 1.8; L. 1. 34;L. tr. i .
"labium inferius crenulatum" but, on the contrary in his "Atlas Ichth." "labia
nee papillata nee fimbriata".
216
(BLEEKER, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 258 and 269).
Fig. 85. Lateral *view of head of Fig. 86. Lower surface of head of
Schismatorhynchus heterorhynchus (Blkr.) X I V-2* Schismatorhynchus hetcrorhynclms (Blkr.) X ll /2 >
Schismatorhynchus lobocheilioides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 260.
Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 131.
Schismatorhynchus heterorhynchus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. III. 1863, p. 50.
Tylognathus heterorhynchus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 67.
Tylognathus heterorhynchus Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902, p. 90.
(Lobocheilus BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XX. 1859 1860, p. 424).
divides the lower lip into a thick, fleshy superficial part and
a narrow deeper part, which is continued round the corner
of the mouth into the
upper Lower jaw
lip.
with a thick fleshy co-
vering, carrying a deci-
duous horny sheath. A
pair of rostral barbels
present or absent. The
pair of maxillary bar-
bels hidden in a deep
short, subhorizontal.
Caudal forked. Scales rather large. Lateral line straight, running
in the middle of the tail. Pharyngeal teeth 5.4.2 2.4.5, uncinate.
Branchial opening rather ample, gillmembranes united with
isthmus.
Distribution: Fresh water of Indo-australian Archipelago
(Sumatra, Java, Borneo) and Continental Asia.
22O
lateralis 34 35 T. bo p. 221.
37 38 T. kajanensis p. 221.
II. Four barbels.
1. 4 !
/2 scales above lateral line T. lehat p. 222.
2. 5'/2 scales above lateral line.
Labeo hispidus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVI. 1842, p. 356.
Chondrostoma lipocheilos Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XVII. 1844,
p. 400.
Gobio javanicus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII. 1857, p. 358.
Lobocheilus (Gobionichthys) javanicus Bleeker, Acta Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. VI. 1859,
Enumeratio pise. p. 145.
Lobocheilus (Gobionichthys) lipocheilus Bleeker, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Prodr. II. Cyprini,
1860, p. 154. Atl. Ichth. III.
1863, p. 59.
Tylognathus hispidus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 66.
Lobocheilos hispidus Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia (2) LVII. 1905, p. 483.
Tylognathus hispidus Popta, Notes Ley den Mus. XXVII. 1906, p. 108.
M.
D.4.8 9; A. 3.5; P. 1.1415; V.2.8; L.I. 35 36;L.tr.j_.
51
3 5
Height 3 / 4 4 / 7 5 to more than 6 in length with caudal.
,
2. Tylognathus bo Popta.
Si.
D. 3.8; A, 3.5; P. 1.1416; V. 1.8; L.I. 34 35; L. tr.
_i_.
51
2
Height 3 /3 4, almost 5 to 5
!
/2
in length with caudal. Head
2
4
2
/5 -4 8
/9>
6 6>/ 2 in length with caudal. Eye 4% 5 /7 , i
3
/5
2 2/ 5
Tylognathus kajanensis Popta, Notes Leyden Mus. XXIV. 1902 1904, p. 198.
Ibid. XXVII. 1906, p. 112.
D. A. V.
__
3.8; 3.5; P. 1.13 IS; 1.8; L.I. 37 38; L. tr. i .
551
5 3
Height equal to head, 4 / 3 4 / 7 5 / 5 6 in length with caudal.
!
,
5
Eye 5, slightly more than twice in snout, and 2 / 9 2 / n in
!
5 th scale of
/7 length of eye. Origin of dorsal opposite to II
lateral line, separated by 1 1 scales from occiput. Dorsal slightly
emarginate, as high as body. Anal beginning opposite to 24^
its height is equal to the length of pectorals
scale of lateral line,
!
and ventrals. Origin of ventrals separated by 2 / a 3 scales
2
from the 13 scale of lateral line. Pectorals 5
th
5 / 7 in length.
Caudal bifurcate, much longer than head. Caudal peduncle
surrounded by 16 scales. Brown above, lighter below. There
is a dark brown spot on the caudal peduncle. Length 192 mm.
4$
Height 3 / 4 4. Head more than 4 to 5. Eye more than 3
3
Jt_
D. 3.8 9; A. 3.5; P. 1.14 15; V. 1.8; L.I. 33 35; L. tr._JL_.
5-51
Height 3.3 3.9, 4.3 to more than 5 in length with caudal; head
2
nearly 6
7 in length with caudal. Eye 3
J x
4 /3 5 /5 , 4 / 2 its ,
_8
0.3.9; A -3-5; P. 1-14; V. 1.8; L. 1.40 41; L. tr. T.
about 12
X
Fig. 91. Paracrossochifas vittatus (Blgr.) l1 /2-
3*
D. 2.8; A. 2.5; P. 1.14 --15; V. I./ 8; L. 1. 28 2Q; L. tr. I .
3=4
Height about 5 to 5.2, about 6 to 6.5 in length with caudal.
Head 4.5 to about 5, 5.6 to 6 in length with caudal. Eye 4 4 /2
!
,
are missing in the centre of the lip, which forms an oval fleshy
cushion. Postlabial groove continued forward and laterally to near
rostral barbel, which may be absent. Jaws covered with a horny
5.3 in length with caudal. Eye more than 5, more than thrice
in snout and about twice in interorbital space. Snout obtuse,
prominent, with a horizontal furrow and with numerous horny
small papillae, 3 or 4 of which are more conspicuous. Four
barbels. Origin of dorsal before middle of length. Height of
22 9
ut,
partly seen from below, a maxillary, b rostral barbel c moveable lateral lobe
; ;
Ij
lower jaw // lower lip ul fringed upper lip.
; ;
51
D. 3.8; A. 2.5; P. 1.15; V. 1.8; L.I. 34 36; L. tr. ^ (below
6^
origin of D.).
part of the lower jaw, which has a sharp bony edge and a
'U
Fig. 96. Opened mouth of Crossochilus gnathopogon n. sp. 4- X
b maxillary barbel; d line of demarcation between skin of rostrum and upper lip;
/ frenulum; Ij lower jaw; // lower lip; uj upper jaw; ul fringed upper lip.
Height 4
!
/2
in length with caudal.
Head 4 3 /4 5
2
/5 , 67 in length with caudal. Eye 34, i
!
/2
in snout, i
!
/3
2 m interorbital space. A
pair of rostral barbels,
shorter than the eye. No maxillary barbels. Origin of dorsal
opposite to io th scale of lateral line, separated by about 9
scales from occiput. Dorsal slightly emarginate, its height
somewhat more than length of head. Anal opposite to 2y&
scale of lateral line, its anterior rays somewhat prolonged, shorter
than head. Pectorals and ventrals subequal. Ventrals reaching
anus, their origin separated by 3 series of scales from the
12 th scale of the lateral line. Pectorals about equal to head
or longer. Caudal deeply forked, much longer than head. Least
4
height of caudal peduncle about i / 5 in length of head and
in its own length, surrounded by 16 scales. dark band along A
the middle of the body. In the var. nigriloba the lower lobe
of the caudal has a large black patch. Length 160 mm.
Nom. indig. : Lukas (Malay. Batavia); Djedjet (Sundan.);
Tulum (Bongan); Ale Ong (Bo).
Habitat: Sumatra (Padang, Lahat-Enim, Palembang, Taluk!,
Upper Langkat, Deli) Java (Bantam [British Museum], Batavia,
;
Mahakam). Malacca.
Tylognathus hispidus Max Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Reise Niederl. Ost-Indien III.
tn or
nearly reaching anus, their origin opposite to I2 13^1 scale
of lateral line and to 3 rd branched ray of dorsal, separated
by 3*/ 2 scales from lateral line. Pectorals equal to head. Least
height of caudal peduncle about I / 2 in length of head and in
!
4^
0.3.8; A. 3.5; P. 1.14; V. 1.8; L.I. 32 34; L.tr._f.
5^
Height nearly equal to length of head. Head 4 / 4 5 /2 5 /4
3 ! !
,
3
in length with caudal. Eye 3 or somewhat more, / 4 of the
longer than the maxillary ones, but shorter than the eye. Dorsal
emarginate, slightly higher than the body, separated by 9 scales
from occiput, its origin opposite to ii*h scale of lateral line.
Anal emarginate, much lower than dorsal. Pectorals and ventrals
subequal; ventrals not reaching anal, their origin separated
3
by 2 series of scales from lateral line. Pectorals about 6 / 4 in
total length, slightly shorter than head. Caudal deeply incised,
in length. Least height of caudal peduncle somewhat more
l
4 j5
than twice in head and nearly 1.7 in its own length; surrounded
by 1 6 scales. A
brownish band runs along the lateral line and
terminates in a black spot on the middle of the base of the
caudal fin. A blackish spot between vent and anal. Length
of single specimen known 77 mm. [Type of species in the
British Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Sumatra (Palembang).
6_
D. 10; A. 8; P. 1
3; V. 8; L. 1.
3638; L. tr.
_i_ (between D. and V.).
4
Height nearly equal to length of head, which goes 4'/ 3 4 / 2
]
4'/2> more
in total length. Eye 4 / 3 than one eyediameter
1 -
Ellopostoma Vaillant.
14(0
Height 5, equal to head, 6.3 in length with caudal. Eye 3.2,
slightly longer than snout and equal to interorbital space.
Dorsal nearly half higher than length of head its origin before ;
APPENDIX.
Aperioptus pictorius Richardson.
Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, Voy. Samarang, Fishes 1848, p. 27.
,,fectly, and forgetting that he had not returned them into the
,,spirits, they were thrown out and lost. The general aspect
may be rudimentary.
a. Nostrils lateral or superior.
i. Fam. ANGUILLIDAE.
Scales small, more or less linear, embedded in the skin in small
groups, which are placed obliquely at right angles to those of the
neighbouring groups. Very elongate, anteriorly subcylindrical,
posteriorly compressed. Anus in the anterior half of the length;
the origin of the dorsal above, somewhat behind or before it,
but always inserted at some distance from the head. Dorsal,
caudal and anal confluent. Pectorals well developed, with the rays
unbranched. Head moderate, conical. Eyes covered by skin,
without free orbital margin. Posterior nostrils in front of eye,
anterior nostrils tubular and near anterior margin of snout. Cleft
of mouth slightly oblique, extending below or behind the eyes.
Lips laterally thick. Tongue anteriorly and laterally free. Ethmoid
with intermaxillary plate not projecting at end of snout beyond
the end of maxillaries. Teeth conical, small, in cardiform bands
on jaws and vomer. Lateral line distinct. Gillopenings vertical
slitsin front and below base of pectorals and separated by a
broad interspace. Branchial openings in pharynx are wide slits.
i. Anguilla Shaw.
(SHAW, Gen. Zool. IV. 1803, p. 15).
For characters of the single genus see those of the family.
Catadromeus fishes, passing their egg- and larval stage
(Leptocephalus] in sea (see at the end of the Apodes], entering
243
b a
o o00
a o'o o oQ
SoSXo"/"
e
^o .tfi&,
o^o> ^
S o
o0 o o^
Ws&
>
^"
O
"V'o
1
o O O
^o. ^^
*oS>ov:
00
|o0
Vfe%
Anguiila elphinstonei Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. II. 1841, p. 377.
Anguiila brevirostris McClelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. V. 1845, p. 177.
Anguiila bengalensis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. vol. VIII. 1870, p. 27.
Anguiila bengalensis Day, Fishes of India, 1878 1888, p. 659 (p.p.). Fauna
of British India, Fishes, vol. I.
1889, p. 86.
Anguiila elphinstonei Max Weber, Zoolog. Jahrb. Suppl. XV. Bd. I, 1912, p. 578.
Anguiila bengalensis Boulenger, Cat. Fresh-water fishes Africa. III. 1915, p. 7 (p.p.).
3
According to length, height 17 20, head 7 8 / 5 Eye 1 1 12, .
3
i
/4
2 in interorbital space and a little more than twice in
2
snout, which goes 5 times in head. Gape of mouth 3 / 5
!
3 /3
245
js
of
length of head), somewhat more or less than half its distance
from anus, equal to or somewhat less than the distance between
dorsal and anal. Pectorals a little more than thrice in head.
Length of snout scarcely more than the breadth at its base.
Tail '/s f its length, longer than head and trunk. Vomerine
),
Celebes (Menado !)
Anguilla mauritiana Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 128.
Anguilla labrosa Richardson, Zool. Voy. Erebus & Terror, vol. III. 1844, p. 113.
Anguilla labiata Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1852, p. 684.
Angiiilla dphinstonei Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, vol. IV, 1853, P- 54
(nee Sykes).
Muraena maculata Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. vol. IV. 1864, p. 9 (nee Ham. Buchanan).
Anguilla johannae Giinther, in: Playfair & Gunther, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 124.
Anguilla labiata Gunther, Ibid. p. 124.
Muraena marmorata Kner, Novara-Reise, Fische 1865 1867, p. 369 (nee Q. G.,
nee Kaup).
Anguilla labiata Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Flussfische, 1868, p. 94.
Anguilla mauritiana Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. vol. VIII. 1870, p. 25 (nee Synon.).
Fische d. Stidsee, Vol. III. 1910, p. 390.
Anguilla fidjiensis Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. vol. VIII. 1870, p. 26. Fische
d. Sudsee, vol. III. 1910, p. 390.
Muraena mauritiana Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. IV. 1873, -
p. 123.
Arch. need. sc. nat. vol. XIII. 1878, p. 38, 56.
Anguilla labiata Pfeffer, Ostafrikanische Fische, gesamm. von Stuhlmann, Jahrb.
Anguilla mauritiana Jordan & Everman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. XXV,
1902, p. 325.
Anguilla mauritiana Steindachner, Sitzber. Akad. Wien, 1906, p. 1420.
Anguilla mauritiana Jordan & Scale, Bull. Bur. Fish. XXV. 1906, p. 192.
Anguilla mauritiana Max Weber, Zoolog. Jahrb. Suppl. XV. Bd. I, 1912, p. 582.
Anguilla bengalensis Boulenger, Cat. Fresh-water fishes Africa. III. 1915, p. 7. (p.p.).
length or less from the level of the end of the maxillary band
of teeth. These teeth form a band of 10 16 rows anteriorly,
which only slightly tapers posteriorly. It is narrower than the
vomerine band and separated from it by a groove. The mandi-
bulary band of teeth is alike. Colour of alcohol specimens light
below, back and flanks dark brown, clouded with darker. Length
1500 mm.
N o m. i n d i g. :
Mengaling (Bo) ;
Roar (Isl. Roon).
Habitat: Simalur!; Nias!; Borneo (river Bo); Celebes;
Ambon; Buru; Ceram; Salibabu!; Nusa Laut!; Timor!; Kei-
Islands!; Island Roon in Geelvink Bay!; New Guinea! [Brit.
Pacific Islands, Philippines, Port Philip (Australia).
- -
Mus.].
4 4
Height about 1718, head
6 / 5 8. Eye 5 / 5 7> ^\* 1! /2
touches the maxillary, only slightly shorter
in interorbital space,
than the snout, which goes 5 5 / 2 times in head. Gape ot
l
/ /
/4
or
and trunk. Teeth equal, those in the upper jaw in two broad
bands, which do not much taper posteriorly. They are scarcely
separated by an indistinct interspace from the broad vomerine
band of which scarcely tapers posteriorly and reaches
teeth,
as far maxillary bands. Bands in the upper jaw also
as the
broad, not much tapering posteriorly. Any trace of a longi-
tudinal edentulous groove is missing. Light below, dark above.
Length about 600 mm.
Habitat: Simalur!; Nias!; Java (Batavia, Tjikandi); Borneo
-- Australia, according to KNER, without nearer
(Balik Papan!).
specification of habitat.
1844, p. 112.
Anguilla macrocephala Rapp, Jahreshefte Ver. Vaterl. Nat. Wiirttemberg, vol. IV.
1849, P- 142.
Anguilla moa Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. vol. XXIII. 1850, p. 22 (p.p.).
Anguilla virescens Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1852, p. 684.
Anguilla sidat Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. vol. XXV. 1853, p. 17.
Anguilla marmorata Kaup, Cat. Apodal Fish, 1856, p. 43 (nee Quoy & Gaimard).
Anguilla mowa Kaup, Ibid. p. 51.
than broad at its base. Tail longer than head and body. The
intermaxillary and maxillary teeth form a continuous band of
many rows of small, nearly equal teeth, tapering posteriorly. The
maxillary teeth are without limit but in close connection with
251
2. Fam. CONGRIDAE.
i. Muraenesox McClelland.
t
(Ophidiuni) Tala Bon Russell, Fishes of Vizagapatam I. 1803, p. 27.
Conger (Muraena) talabou Cuvier, Regne animal. 2. edit. p. 350 (name only
after
Russell).
? Muraenesox lanceolata McClelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. 1844^.409.
? Muraenesox exodon McClelland, Ibid. p. 409.
tMuraenesox serradentata McClelland, Ibid. p. 409 and V. 1845, p. 2IO.
^.Muraenesox exodentata McClelland, Ibid. V. 1845, p. 180 & p. 210.
Conger talabon Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVIII. 1850, p. 1294.
Conger talabon Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 78 (p. p.). -
Ibid. V. 1853, p. 456. Verb. Batav. Genootsch. XXV. 1853, Muraenoiden, p 18.
Muraenesox pristis Kaup, Cat. Apodal fish. 1856, p. 116.
Muraenesox talabon Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 22.
Muraenesox talabon Kner, Novara-Exped., Fische, 1865 1867, p. 372.
Muraenesox talabon Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 45.
apart, pointed and directed outward in the first half of the jaw.
Intermaxillary plate with about 8 canines, followed on the
256
md
/n * T> r* i o maxillary,' mandibulary, v vomerine
(Batavia, legal, Samarang, Sura- . ., . ,., .,, ..,
the mandibulary teeth with an
.
teeth;
baya, Pasuruan); Madura; Borneo outer ser i e s of horizontal ones. X ^k-
(Pamangkat,Balik Papan!); Cele-
bes (Makassar). Malacca, Andamans, British India, Cochin
and China.
Conger talabono'ides Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1853, Muraenoiden, p. 20.
Muraenesox talabonoides Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 23.
Muraenesox talabonoides Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 46.
Muraenesox telabonoides Day, Fishes of India 4. 1878 1888, p. 662.
teeth in three rows, the inner one curved and irregular, sepa-
rated by an edentulous interspace from the two other rows,
the inner of which has by far the longer teeth. Teeth in the
mandibles in four rows: an inner row of very small ones
followed by a second row of longer pointed ones this row is ;
Fig. 1 06. Muraenesox talabonoides (Blkr). X Va- outer series of horizontal teeth.
2. Conger Cuvier.
Conger altipinnis Kaup, Archiv fur Naturgeschichte XXII. 1856, p. 72. Cat.
Apodal Fish 1856, p. 114.
Conger Noordzieki Bleeker, Act. Soc. Scient. Ind. Neerl. II. 1857. Achtste Bijdr.
vischfauna Ambon, p. 86. Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 26.
3. Congrellus Ogilby.
(OciLBY, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1898, p. 286. Conger muraena
Kaup, Cat. Apodal fish 1856, p. 108, (p. p.). Congromuraena Gunther,
Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 40, (p.p.). Ophisoma (Swainson) Bleeker, Atl.
Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 27 (p.p.))-
CL
V
" If! ! \
x :?{ i
;
/
'
i % \ / V f^ .1
Height 14.6, head 6, 1.2 in trunk, head and trunk 1.5 in tail.
i) Perhaps it is possible to
separate the species with the teeth on the inter-
maxillary plate extending forwards beyond the mandibles and lying outside the
mouth as Bathycongrus Ogilby.
262
/5 ,
i
4
/s
m trunk; tail but little longer
than head and trunk. Eye about as long as snout.
large, 4 5,
Conger neoguinaicus Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerl. VI. 1859, Bijdr. vischfauna
N. Guinea p. 22.
Ophisoma neoguinaicum Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 28.
Conger neoguinaiczts Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 43.
Conger neoguinaicus Bleeker, Arch, neerl. Haarlem XIII. 1878, p. 56.
Congermuraena neoguinaica J. D. Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 1898, p. 286.
4. Uroconger Kaup.
(KAUP, Cat. Apod. Fish 1856, p. no).
Elongate,
anteriorly subcylindrical, posteriorly compressed.
Tail strongly tapering; anus in anterior half of the length.
Origin of the dorsal beginning about above the base of the
pectorals. Dorsal, caudal and anal confluent. Pectorals well
developed. Head conical, depressed. Eyes rather large, covered
by skin, without free orbital margin. Posterior nostrils a slit,
situated near eye, below the level of its upper margin, the
anterior ones near apex of snout, not tubular. Cleft of mouth
of moderate width, extending to middle of eye or beyond it.
Jaws unequal; lips moderate, membraneous, the upper one with
Fig. 114. Open mouth of Uroconger lepturus (Rich.). In the specimen drawn
the duplification of the end of the single vomerine series was nor clearly visible.
posteriorly somewhat
higher. Pectorals 3.5 about 4 in length
of head, with 9 11 rays. F*or the teeth in the jaws see genus.
On the intermaxillary plate an irregular group of 8 10,
behind which about 2 pairs of teeth, followed on the vomer
by a series of very small teeth, which is anteriorly a single,
posteriorly a double one, reaching as far as about the inner
series of the maxillary teeth. Ventral distance of gillopenings
from each other equal to their width. Bluish-gray above, vertical
fins edged with black. Length more than 300 mm. [A specimen
/2
times
in length of tail. Eye 6.2 7, in snout 1.7 1.9, 1.6 in inter-
orbital space. Cleft of mouth extending to below middle of
5. Poeciloconger Giinther.
(GiiNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 673).
3. Fam. NEENCHELIDAE.
Body scaleless, elongate, anteriorly subcylindrical, posteriorly
somewhat compressed. Anus far behind gillopenings, in anterior
i. Neenchelys Bamber.
(RUTH C. BAMBER, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoology, XXXI. 1915, p. 479).
Fig. 117. Neenchelys buitendijki n. sp. X2 V-2- n anterior, n' posterior nostril.
The radii branchiostegi are shining through the skin.
4. Fam. NETTASTOMIDAE.
Body scaleless, elongate, more or less compressed. Tail ending
in a slender tip or filament. Anus
far behind gillopenings, in
anterior half of length. Lateral line present. Dorsal, anal and
caudal confluent. Pectorals absent. Snout elongate, pointed,
the upper jaw the longer. Nostrils superior or lateral, the poste-
rior slit-like, above or just in front of eye, the anterior tubular
or not, not far behind
tip of snout. Tongue not free. Cardiform
bands of recurved teeth in jaws and on vomer; the lastnamed
not separated from those on the intermaxillary plate. Gill-
openings small or of moderate size, subinferior and separate.
Branchial openings in pharynx are wide slits.
Distribution: Bathypelagic (90 2200 M.). Tropical and
warm seas; in northern hemisphere northerly to North Caro-
lina and Japan.
(JORDAN & DAVIS, Rep. U.S. fish Comm. (1888) 1891, p. 651).
5. Fam. HETEROCONGRIDAE.
6. Fam. MYRIDAE.
(Echelidae).
Body scaleless, elongate, vermiform, or slightly compressed,
or (Chilorhinus) short and much compressed. Anus far behind
1) The specimen of BLEEKER in the Leiden Museum is in a bad state and its
snout damaged, where from its anterior nostrils are not visible.
i. Paramyrus Giinther.
(GtJNTHER, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 51).
Echelus microchir Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. II. (1864) 1865, p. 40. Atl.
Ichth. IV.
1864, p. 30.
Paramyrus microchir Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 51.
INDO-AUSTRALIAN FISHES III. 18
274
2. Muraenichthys Bleeker.
before vent.
Muraenichthys macropterus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 52. Fische
d. Siidsee Heft IX. 1910, p. 396.
Muracna gymnopterus Bleeker, Verb. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1853, Muraenoiden p. 52.
Muraenichthys gymnopterus Bleeker, Ibid. p. 71. All. Ichth. IV. 1864^.32.
Muraenichthys micros to mus Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. II. 1864 65^.39.
Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 32.
Muraenichthys gymnopterus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 52.
Muraenichthys gymnopierus Rutter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia 1897, p. 61,
Height more or less than 30, head 10 12, head and body
twice in length of tail. Eye about 10 12, twice in snout,
situated behind middle of cleft of mouth, which reaches slightly
behind eye. Origin of dorsal slightly before that of anal; dorsal
much lower than anal. Teeth small, acicular, in the jaws in
narrow bands, in the vomer in 2 series, anteriorly conspicu-
Muraenichthys gymnotus Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerl. II. 1857, Achtste
Bijdr. vischfauna Ambon, p. 90. Atl. Ichth. IV.
1864, p. 33.
Muraenichthys gymnotus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 53.
Muraenichthys gymnotus Klunzinger, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien XXI. 1871, p. 608.
).
Muraenichthys Sclmltzei Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIII. 1857, p. 366.
Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 33.
<o f> 3$ v.
anc* vomer where they form rather >
Fig. ,25. MuraeniMkys m acr<,s, mu, g rOU P' On thfi VOmCr rather
^ew n numDer in 2 series.
Blkr. x 4-
* >
2
/ lo
shorter than tail. Eyes about 15, 2/ 2 times in snout, which !
i) In our specimens the dorsal is less high than the anal but otherwise well
developed even at its origin and not rudimentary as in the single specimen
described by BLEEKER and GUNTHER.
279
7. Fam. OPHICHTHYIDAE.
of Ophichthyidae.
I. Posterior nostrils a slit below and behind eye, at
some distance above the border of the upper lip. Hemer or hinus p. 281.
II. Posterior nostrils in the upper lip, looking downwards.
gillopenings.
a. Caniniform teeth on vomer and mandibles in
i. Hemerorhinus n.g.
long slit, below and behind eye, at some distance above the
282
Height about 55; head 13; 6 times in trunk; tail 1.3 times
in head and trunk. Eye about 13, more than twice in snout,
situated above the second third of cleft of mouth. Posterior
nostrils a long slit, longer than eye and situated below its
hindmost third and behind it; anterior nostrils a short tube
directed backward, at the edge of the upper lip, below front-
border of eye. Snout pointed, its conical part projecting beyond
the lower jaw by more than one eyediameter. Cleft of mouth
thrice in length of head, reaching far behind eye. Origin of dorsal
somewhat behind that of anal. Dorsal and especially anal very
low. Gillopenings longer than eye, situated ventrally, and trans-
i) This is at least our interpretation of the rather long slit. We are not able
to make out in the single our disposition, that this slit is
small specimen at
really in communication with the nasal cavity, but as there is no other posterior
2. Myrichthys Girard.
I.
Subgenus Myrichthys Girard (s.str.).
(GiRARD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia 1859, p. 58. Jordan & Davis,
U. S. Comm. fish.
(1888) 1892, p. 616).
Ophisurus ophis Lacepede II. 1800, plate 6, Fig. 2 (nee Muraena ophis Bloch) ').
Ophisurus maculostis Richardson, Zoology Voy. Erebus & Terror 1844, p. 102.
Ophisurus macttlosus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851, p. 258.
Verb. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraenoid. p. 29.
Pisoodonophis maculosus Kaup, Cat. Apodal fish 1856, p. 21.
Pisoodonophis magnified Abbott, Proc. Acad. N. S. Philad. 1860, p. 476.
Ophisurus ophis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 65.
Ophichthys maculosus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 81.
Ophichthys maculosus Klunzinger, Abh. zoolog. botan. Gesellsch. XXI. 1871, p. 611.
Ophichthys styptims Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, p. 120.
Myrichthys magnificus Fowler, Proc. Acad. N. S. Philad. 1900, p. 494. Jordan
& Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. XXIII. (1903) 1905, p. 84.
Myrichthys stypurus Jordan & Evermann, Ibid. p. 84.
Islands.
In sea on reefs.
-\ (-
end of anal and dorsal.
Ophichthus colubrinus Scale, Occas. Papers Bernice Tanahi Bishop Mus. I. no. 3,
1901, p. 62.
Chlevastes colubrinus Jordan & Scale, Bull. Bur. Fish. XXV. 1906, p. 195.
Chlevastes fasdatus Jordan & Scale, Ibid. p. 195.
Ophichthys colubrinus Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 401.
Chlevastes claps Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia LXIV. 1912, p. 13.
(Mysore); New
Guinea (Humboldt Bay!, West-New Guinea!);
Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Red Sea; Zanzibar; Mauritius;
Andaman Islands; Philippines; Japan; Riu-Kiu Islands; West
Pacific Islands to Tahiti; New Zealand (Auckland).
In sea, on coralreefs and near shore.
3. Callechelys Kaup.
(KAUP, Cat. Apodal fish 1856, p. 28).
i3 4
/
times the length of the tail ........ C. marmoratus p. 288.
Height 79; head 18, 10 times in trunk; tail more than i'/ 2
times in length of head and trunk. Eye about 20, more than
twice in snout. Anterior nostril a tube, separated by a filament
from the posterior nostril, which forms a kind of tube, directed
backwards, behind
which there are two
other small filaments.
Snout convex, some-
what depressed, pro-
minent.Cleft of mouth
reaching one eye-
diameter behind eye,
equal to five times
the length of head.
Origin of dorsal short-
ly behind vertical
Fig. 133- (MUcMy, Mga, M. Web. thrQ fa k of
a lateral, b ventral view : v anterior, h posterior nostril. _ .
k gillopening.
m uth * DorSal and
anal low, ending at
some distance from tip of tail. Pectorals none. Teeth pointed, in
2 series, about 3 pairs on the intermaxillary plate, which are
head and trunk i 3 / 4 times the length of the tail. Eye about 16,
twice in snout. Snout pointed, convex. Cleft of mouth narrow,
reaching behind eye, 3.4 4 times in length of head. Origin
of dorsal above angle of mouth, dorsal and anal of moderate
height, ending at a short distance from end of tail. Pectorals
none. Teeth pointed, recurved, uniserial biserial on vomer and;
Sandwich Islands.
In sea.
Height 63 20, 10
trunk 2 !
4. Cirrhimuraena Kaup.
(KAUP, Cat. Apodal Fish 1856, p. 27).
Fig. 134. Cirrhimuraena chinensis Kaup. Upper figure and end of tail X 2<
l>.
Origin of dorsal behind base of pectorals C. chilopogon p. 293.
and trunk nearly twice in tail. Eye less than 1 5 more than ;
;
3 ;:$ \ ':!. broadening posteriorly; in the man-
|
v i? v *yjff
dibles a narrower band; that of
the vomer narrow and of 2 series
Fig. 136. Dentition of Cirrhi-
o f tee th; on the intermaxillary plate
muraena tapeinopterus. a teeth on , .
, . , .
A
.
Height 32 35 ;
head 8.5 to more than 9, more than twice
in trunk. Head and trunk 1.7 to nearly twice in Eye 16 18,
tail.
Ophisurus cheilopogon Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerl. VIII. 1860, 13. Bijdr.
Celebes p. 59.
Cirrhinmraena chilopogon Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 42.
Ophichthys chilopogon Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 76.
Cirrhimuraena cheilopogon Max Weber, Siboga-Expeditie, Fische 1913, p. 51.
2
Height about 35; head about 9 / 3 twice and two thirds in
;
5. Leiuranus Bleeker.
(Stethopterus Bleeker).
i) In the small specimen of 80 mm. from the Siboga expedition, the only one
seen by us, the pectorals goes 4^.2 in head.
294
Ophisurus semicinctus Lay & Bennett, Fishes in Beechey's Voyage 1839, p. 66.
Ophisurust (Sphagebranchust) vimineus Richardson, Fishes Voy. Sulphur
18431845, p. 107.
Stethopterus vimineus Bleeker Verh. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraenoiden p. 24.
Leiuranus Lacepedii Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Genootsch. XXV. 1852, Muraenoiden, p. 36.
Leiuranus colubrinus Kaup, Cat. Apod. fish. 1856, p. 2 (Syn. p.p.).
Leiuranus colubrinus Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. II. 1864 1865, p. 126.
Leiuranus colubrinus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 42.
Leiuranus colubrinus Kner, Fische Novara-Exp. 1865 1867, p. 378.
Liuranus semicinctus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 54.
tOphichthys cobra de Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1884, p. 455.
295
Lehiranus senricinctus Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXIII. 1901, p. 866.
Leiuramis scmicinctus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. fish. Comm. XXIII (1903)
1905, p. 81.
Liuramis semicinctus Giinther, Fische Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 396.
(KAUP, Cat. Apodal fish 1856, p. 15; BLEEKER, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 58).
Ophisurus hypselopterus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851, p. 69.
Verh. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraenoid. p. 34.
Pisoodonophis hypselopterus Kaup, Cat. Apod, fish 1856, p. 19.
Pisoodonophis hypselopterus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 63.
Ophichthys hypselopterus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 79. Fische
d. Siidsee Heft IX.
1910, p. 400.
297
Height 49; head about 12, 3.8 times in trunk; head and
trunk one and a half times in length of tail. Eye about 15,
twice or more in snout. Snout depressed, somewhat pointed.
Posterior nostrils slightly before eye, anterior nostrils in a tube
nearly equal to length of eye.
Cleft of mouth reaching far
'00
behind eye, about thrice in o
O oo
-
O0o
Ophisuriis boro Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVIII. 1850, p. 1304.
Ophisurus boro Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1853, Bengalen p. 156.
-
Ophisurtis potamophilus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie V. 1853, p. 458.
Verh. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraenoid. p. 68.
Pisoodonophis boro Kaup, Cat. Apod, fish 1856, p. 17.
/2
times in tail. Eye 12 17 (13.3 in
298
Q Q'
o o o oa
oo
00 O
OQO
000
0Q
OQO
_00
00
OOQ
ofo
^0o
o
oS GO
777- 777^ O
!
3. Pisoodonophis micropterus Blkr. ).
i) This species has been overlooked by GUNTHER in his Catalogue Brit. Mus.
VIII, 1870.
299
Ophisurtis cancrivorus Richardson, Voy. Erebus & Terror, fishes 1844, p. 97.
Ophisurtis sinensis Richardson, Ibid. p. 98.
Ophisurus baccidens Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVIII. 1850, p. 1302.
Ophisurus schaapi Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 735.
Verb. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraenoid. p. 53.
Ophisurus brachysoma Bleeker, Ibid. p. 776. Ibid. p. 55.
Pisoodonophis cancrivorus Kaup, Cat. Apodal fish 1856, p. 15.
Pisoodonophis brachysoma Kaup, Ibid. p. 19.
Pisoodonophis Schaapi Kaup, Ibid. p. 19.
Pisoodonophis brachysoma Bleeker, Atl. Ichlh. IV. 1864, p. 60.
Pisoodonophis Schaapi Bleeker, Ibid. p. 61.
Pisoodonophis moluccensis Bleeker, Ibid. p. 72.
Pisoodonophis cancrivorus Kner, Novara-Exped., Fische 1865- 67. p. 379.
Ophichthys cancrivorus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 78.
?
Pisoodonophis zophistius]or&a.n. & Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXIII. 1901, p. 868.
Pisoodonophis cancrivorus Jordan & Richardson, Bull. Bureau fisheries Washington
XXVII. (1907) 1908, p. 238.
Pisoodonophis cancrivorus Franz, Abh. Akademie Munchen Suppl. IV. 1910, p. 13.
Ophichthys cancrivorus Giinther, Fische d. Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 400.
trunk; head and trunk more or less than i'/ 2 times in tail.
Eye more than 9 to 12; nearly i
/2
]
to 2 times in snout. Posterior
nostrils nearly below frontborder of eye, anterior nostrils in a
short tube. Snout convex, somewhat depressed; cleft of mouth
reaching to below hindborder of eye or farther; 3 4 times
in length of head. Dorsal
commencing above the middle of
the pectorals. Dorsal and anal about half height of body,
ending
at some distance from point of tail. Pectorals 3 4 times in
head. Teeth granular, subequal, in rather narrow bands of several
series. A group of rather numerous teeth on the intermaxillary
plate, more or less separated from the other teeth. Brownish,
lighter below, dorsal with a more or less distinct blackish spot
7. Ophichthys Ahl.
or in advance of it ;
anterior nostrils a short tube on the edge
of the snout. Teeth conical, acute, subequal but no canines,
in one or more series in jaws and vomer; those of the inter-
than tail.
a. Head 5
3
/5
times in trunk O. rhytidoderma p. 309.
Ophisurus chrysospilos Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerl. II. 1857, Achtste Bijdr.
Vischfauna Ambon p. 8, 27, 88 (name only).
Opkisurus Bonapartei Bleeker, 1. c. p. 88.
Poecilocephalus Markworti Kaup, Aale des Hamburger Mus. 1859, p. 10.
Ophichthys Bonapartei Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 47.
Ophichthys bonapartii Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 69.
Ophisurus Diepenhorsti Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerl. VIII. 1860, Achtste
Bijdr. Sumatra, p. 85.
Ophichthys banko Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 51.
Ophichthys diepenhorsti Bleeker, Ibid. p. 52.
Ophichthys apicalis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 70.
Ophichthys apicalis Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. IV. (1871) 1872, p. 123.
o oo
o
00 o
oo o
o
o
Height about 37; head about 13, nearly four times in trunk;
head and trunk 2 / 3 of the length of the tail. Eye about 10,
about one half of the length of the snout. Posterior nostrils in
advance of the eye, anterior nostrils in a tube, much shorter
than eye. Snout very acute and prominent, cleft of mouth
about 3 3 / 5 in the length of the head, reaching below hindmargin
of eye. Dorsal twice lower than height of body, commencing
above the end of the pectorals, ending above end of anal at a
short distance from point of tail. Pectorals nearly one-third of
the length of the head. Teeth conical, acute, curved, subequal,
uniserial in the jaws, on vomer anteriorly in a triple, poste-
Ophisurus macrochir Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraenoid. p. 26.
Height about 28; head more than 10, 4.9 times in trunk.
Head and trunk length of tail. Eye more than 8, situated
1.2 in
in the anterior third of the
length of the head, two thirds of
the length of the snout. Cleft of mouth of moderate width,
reaching slightly behind eye, one third of the length of the head.
Snout conspicuously projecting. Posterior nostrils in advance
of the eye; anterior ones with a truncated tube, about as long as
the eye. Origin of dorsal about opposite to the base of the
pectorals. Dorsal and anal ending somewhat before point of tail.
J
Length of pectorals equal to snout, about 5 / 2 times in head.
Teeth of moderate size, subequal, pointed, curved, uniserial
in all the bones; those on the intermaxillary plate in form of
a V, the point directed forward. Brownish, on each side with
3 series of large rounded brownish-black spots arranged alter-
nately, each spot of [the dorsal series with a whitish centre.
Head with numerous white, dark-edged ocelli. On the back a
series of brown spots, each with a whitish centre margin of ;
Ophichthys altipinnis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 74 (nee Kaup).
/2
times in length of head. Teeth
conical, pointed,
curved, uniserial, subequal in jaws and vomer; on intermaxillary
plate 5 stouter teeth arranged in a A, the point directed for-
ward. Brownish above, yellowish below, outer border of dorsal
and anal and greater part of pectorals black; pores on head
surrounded by black borders, giving the head the appearance
of being spotted. Length more than 700 mm. [Type of the
species in the British Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Ambon!. Maldives.
Ophisurus rutidoderma Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraen. p. 30.
Pisoodonophis rutidoderma Kaup, Cat. Apod, fish 1856, p. 18.
Ophichthys rtttidoderma Bleaker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 55.
Ophichthys rhytidoderma Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 63.
Height about 46; head about 21.2, about 5.8 in trunk; head
and trunk about twice in tail. Eye about 15, about twice in
snout, situated in the anterior fourth of the length of the head.
Posterior nostrils scarcely in advance of the eye, anterior nostrils
in a tube, shorter than the eye. Snout pointed, cleft of mouth
nearly 4*/ 2 times in length of head, extending scarcely behind eye.
Dorsal lower than anal, about thrice lower than body, com-
mencing at a short distance behind the extremity of the pecto-
Length of pectorals one third of that of the head. Teeth
rals.
Ophiurus breviceps Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVIII. 1850, p. 1308
(nee Richardson).
Ophisurus rutidodermatoides Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraen. p. 31.
Height 46; head 15, four times in trunk; head and trunk
about twice in tail. Eye less than 20, about thrice in snout,
situated in the anterior third of the head. Posterior nostrils
3 io
Ophisurus lumbricoides Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraen. p. 32.
Pisoodonophis lumbricoides Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish 1856, p. 21.
Ophichthys lumbricoides Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 56.
Height 68.8; head 16.5, 4.2 times in trunk; head and trunk
about twice in tail. Eye minute, about twice in snout, situated
in the anterior third of head. Posterior nostrils scarcely in
advance of the eye, anterior nostrils in a tube, shorter than eye.
Snout pointed; cleft of mouth three times in length of head,
extending far behind eye. Dorsal low, more than half height
of body, to the extremity of the
commencing nearly opposite
pectorals. Dorsal and anal ending not far from point of tail.
Ophisurus Clellandi Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1852, Muraen. p. 33.
Mac
Pisoodonophis macclellandi Kaup, Cat. Apod, fish 1856, p. 19.
Ophichthys Mac Clellandi Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 57.
Ophichthys macclellandi Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 63.
/3
2 /4
in trunk, head and
312
trunk about three fourths of the tail. Eye 1 1 12, about twice in
the length of the snout, situated about in the anterior fourth
of the head. Posterior nostrils slightly in advance of the eye,
anterior nostrils in a tube, shorter than eye. Dorsal about twice
lower than height of body, commencing above the posterior
third of the pectorals
]
).
Vertical fins ending near point of tail.
specimen of 200 mm. length, the distance of the origin of the dorsal from the
gillopenings is much shorter than in O. broekmeyeriWikr. and 0. amboinensis Blkr.
This distance measured in the
length of the head is for O, amboinensis Blkr.
[486 mm. total length] and for O. broekmeyeri Blkr. [327 mm. total length] 3.4
in length of head and for 0. celebicus Blkr. = 7 times in length of head.
We agree with the observation of GUNTHER about the teeth of O. celebicus Blkr.
27 brown rings, twice as broad as the interspaces between
them; each ring divided into two by a narrow circular white
line; dorsal fin coloured as the body underneath. Length
520 mm. [Type of the species in the British Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Moluccos. - Lord Howe Island (Waite).
-
8. Brachysomophis Kaup.
(KAUP, Cat. Apod. Fish 1856, p. 9)
Brachysomophis crocodilinus Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXIII. 1901,
P- 875-
head and trunk somewhat shorter or longer than tail. Eye 15,
situated about in the anterior ninth of the length of the head.
Snout extremely short, rather flattened, broader than long, as
long as or longer than eye; lower jaw somewhat prominent.
Cleft of mouth somewhat less than 3 times in length of head.
Ophisurus cirrhocheilos Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerland. II. 1859, 8. Bijdr.
vischfauna Ambon, p. 89.
Brachysomophis cirrhochilus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 38.
Ophichthys cirrochilus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 65.
2 3
Height 26; head 8 / 3 9 / 5 thrice to three and a half in trunk.
,
Achirophichthys typus Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. II. 1864 1865, p. 42.
Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 39.
Achirophichthys typus Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 65. Fische
der Siidsee Heft IX. 1910, p. 398.
3
Height 26; head about ; / 4 more than 2 / 2 times in trunk.
!
.
Head and trunk somewhat longer than tail. Eye 16, less than
twice in snout. Cleft of mouth wide, 2 3 / 4 in head. Snout pointed.
Lips with one row of very minute tubercular papillae. Origin
of dorsal at a distance behind the
&. n O O rt
!
some distance from the outer series, Fig. 152. Dentition of Brachy-
som P his (Achirophichthys} typus
the teeth more widely set. In the
, . ,
,
.
, Blkr. a intermaxillary, m maxillary,
mandibles a single
& series, the ante- ,
_
ma mandibulary, v vomerme teeth.
rior teeth caniniform, the
widely set, ^ -,\i
together. On
the intermaxillary plate 2 large teeth, on the
vomer a series of 4 widely set caniniform teeth. Dark brownish
above, lighter below. Length of the single specimen known
210 mm. [Type of the species in the British Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Celebes!.
9. Sphagebranchus Bloch.
be
, . . ,
e
...
ual in S1ZG
branchus polyophthalmus (^^bJphage- *&***! ^
bronchus orientalis or the vomerme ones are
(Me Clell.).
stouter. No scales, lateral line
present. Gillopenings small, close together, ventral, longitudinal,
oblique or vertical; the gillmembrane may form anteriorly a
duplicature (see figure 154).
Distribution: Temperate and tropical seas. They burrow
in sand. Some species entering fresh water.
gillopenings.
a. Vomerine teeth much stouter than teeth
of jaws.
/3. Head 3 3
1
/, times in trunk. Eye
above middle of cleft of mouth. . .
Sph. macrodon p. 323.
b. All teeth equally small.
]
i. Sphagebranchus vulturis ) n.sp.
tail. Eye very small, about 20, more than twice in snout,
situated above anterior third of cleft of mouth. Posterior nostrils
a long slit in the upper lip, looking downward, below eye;
anterior nostrils curved, denticulated slits in a low papilla near
tip of the ventral surface of the
snout. Snout pointed, 5.7 in
head, its conical part surpassing lower jaw with about 3 eye-
diameters. Cleft of mouth 4.6 in head, reaching far behind eye.
Dorsal and anal wanting. Teeth pointed, uniserial, those in
vomer and mandibles stouter, on intermaxillary plate 5 stouter
teeth in a A, the point directed forward. Gillopenings ventrally
situated longitudinal slits, converging anteriorly and separated
here by a distance of nearly a third of their length, which is
about equal to 3 eyediameters. Anterior (upper) fold of gill-
membranes forms a duplicature. Colour of single alcohol specimen
reddish blue. Length of single specimen known 240 mm. [Type
of the species in the zoological Museum of Amsterdam].
Habitat: Island Nasi besar, near West point of Sumatra;
collected by the Government Fisheries Investigation Ship "Gier".
Note. This species seems to be closely allied to Ichthyapus
acutirostris (Brisout de Barneville).
Dalophis polyophthalmus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IV. 1853, p. 299.
Anguisuriis punctulatus Kaup, Cat. Apodal Fish 1856, p. 24.
Sphagebranchus polyophthalmus Kaup, Ibid. p. 26.
Sphagebranchus polyophthalmus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 70.
Ophichthys polyophthalrmts Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 85.
Ophichthys polyophthalmus Volz, Zool. Jahrb. System. XIX. 1903, p. 416.
Ophichthys punctulatus Gunther, Fische d. Siidsee IX. 1910, p. 403.
Coecula mindora Jordan & Richardson, Bull. Bur. fisheries XXVII. (1907)
1908, p. 239.
Sphagebranchus mindora de Beaufort, Bijdr. Dierk. Amsterdam, afl. 19. 1913, p. 99.
/2
or 1
in trunk head
;
and trunk equal to or somewhat shorter than
tail. Eye about 12 17, less than twice in snout, situated above
middle of cleft of mouth. Snout pointed, cleft of mouth one
third of length of head or somewhat more. Origin of dorsal
Height about 45; head nearly 12, 4.7 times in trunk; head
and trunk somewhat shorter than tail. Eye 16, more than
slit in the upper lip, situated
twice in snout. Posterior nostrils a
below eye, anterior nostrils in a short tube on lower surface
of snout. Snout pointed, somewhat convex, much prominent.
Cleft of mouth 3.5 times in head, extending far behind eye.
Dorsal about thrice lower than body, commencing immediately
behind gillopenings; anal somewhat higher than dorsal, ending
opposite to end of dorsal. Teeth acute, recurved, uniserial,
those on the intermaxillary plate in a V, the point directed
forward. Dark above, light below. Length of the single specimen
known 425 mm. [Type of the species in the Leiden Museum
seen by usj.
Habitat: Borneo!.
head and trunk a little shorter than tail. Eye 14, more than
twice in snout. Snout pointed; cleft of mouth about thrice in
length of head, reaching far behind eye. Dorsal and anal very
low, almost absent, the dorsal commencing above the gill-
openings; the anal begins to be distinct at some distance behind
the anus. Teeth pointed, uniserial, those on the intermaxillary
plate and on the anterior part of the vomer, biserial. Length
about 230 mm. [After BLEEKER, GUNTHER and JOHNSTONE
and the damaged type of the species in the British Museum
seen by us].
Habitat: Timor!. Ceylon (Cheval Paar).
Height 56.5; head 15, 6.6 in trunk; tail as long as head and
trunk. Eye small, about 15, above the middle of the cleft of the
mouth, which is of moderate width and goes 5.7 times in head.
Snout pointed, more than twice as long as the eye, projecting
beyond the mouth. Anterior nostrils in a very short tube,
posterior on the inner side of the lip, below the front margin
of the eye. Dorsal and anal fins low, the former commencing
at a very short distance behind the
gillopenings, the latter
325
Height about 59; head 15.9, 6.3 times in trunk; head and
trunk 1.2 times in tail. Eye n 12, about twice in snout.
Posterior nostrils a slit in the upper lip, below front margin
of eye, anterior tube, shorter than eye. Snout
nostrils in a
pointed, convex, very prominent. Cleft of mouth about 4 times
in head, extending a little behind eye. Dorsal more than twice
as low as height of body, commencing more than half length
of head behind gillopenings; anal as high as dorsal, both ending
opposite. Teeth pointed, recurved, uniserial, those on the
intermaxillary plate in a V, the point directed forward. Gill-
openings moderate, semilunar. Olivaceous above, lighter below.
Length of single specimen known 350 mm. [Type of species
in the British Museum seen by us].
Habitat: Celebes (Klabat di atas) in a river!.
1 1 .
Sphagebranchus moluccensis (Blkr.)
Height more than 40; head 11.7, 4.1 times in trunk; head
and trunk 1.2 times in tail. Eye small, about 12, nearly twice
in snout, situated above middle of cleft of mouth. Posterior
nostrils a slit in the border of the upper lip, looking downward,
below front border of eye; anterior nostrils in short tubes on
the ventral surface of the prominent part of the snout. Snout
pointed, about 6 times in head, its prominent part surpassing
the lower jaw with about one eye-diameter. Cleft of mouth
4.3 times in head, reaching behind eye. Dorsal and anal low,
increasing in height posteriorly on tail, where they end oppo-
site to each other near end of tail. Teeth pointed, uniserial,
a group of about 3 on the intermaxillary plate. Gillopenings
small, vertical slits, slightly longer than eye; the distance of
their ventral ends more than their own length. Colour of the
8. Fam. NEMICHTHYIDAE.
Slender, more or less compressed, very elongate, tapering
to the end of the tail, which may be filamentous. Anus near
i) It is possible that the curve upward formed by the snout and downward
by the lower jaw is only a consequence of the manner in which the specimens
died or were preserved. We offer this opinion with regard to the specimen of
Nemichlhys scolopaceus, which was taken alive and has been described and figured
by ROULE (Ann. Inst. oc&mogr. I. fasc. 6, 1910). In this specimen the jaws
are straight (see p. 329).
327
i. Cercomitus M. Weber.
(MAX WEBER, Siboga-Exp. Fische 1913, p. 54).
2. Nemichthys Richardson.
(see syn.).
Nemichthys scolopaceus Roule, Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. I. fasc. 6, 1910, p. i.
4332 M. depth.
Les deux premieres n'ont que des rayons filamenteux, etroits et fragiles ; la
derniere possede, outre les rayons filamenteux, des rayons gros et courts, en acicules."
This is not in accordance with his figures I (reproduced by us on p. 329)
and 6, where the finmembrane is not interrupted in the denticulated part of
the dorsal.
Serrivomer sector Garman, Reports on explorat. off the West Coast of Mexico
XXVI. Fishes, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. XXIV. 1899, p. 320.
Serrivomer sector Brauer, Deutsche Tiefsee-Exp. Tiefseefische, I. 1906, p. 132.
Serrivomer sector Lloyd, Mem. Indian Mus. II. No. 3, 1909, p. 152.
(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. VI. (1883) 1884, p. 260). But 6". beani
has only 138 rays in the anal and its height is only 29.7 in
the length according to GlLL & RYDER. If this difference
from S. sector is constant, we are of opinion that both species
are valid. Otherwise the name beani has preference as being
the older.
333
downwards ') and even as the snout at its top provided with a
knoblike, denticulated intumescens. Teeth on jaws and vomer
close set, with the point directed backward. Tongue not free.
No scales; lateral line formed by one series of pores. Gill-
openings rather wide, with a narrow interspace where the
gillmembrane is fastened to isthmus.
Distribution: Bathypelagic (600 4573 M.). Atlantic,
Indie and Pacific.
i) See note on page 326.
334
Nemichthys infans Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 1878, p. 252. Challenger-
Report Deepsea Fishes 1887, p. 264.
}Labichthys elongatus Gill & Ryder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VI. (1883) 1884, p. 262.
^.Labichthys Gilli Bean, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XIII. 1890, p. 45.
Avocettina infans Jordan & Davis, Report for 1888 U. S. fish Comm. 1892^.655.
Labichthys infans Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichth. 1895, p. 153.
? elongata Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North & Middle America III.
A-vocettina
1898, p. 2802.
Avocettina infans Brauer, Deutsche Tiefsee-Exped. Tiefseefische 1906, p. 129.
Avocettina infans M. Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische 1913, p. 53.
9. Fam. SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE.
i. Synaphobranchus Johnson.
(JOHNSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 169).
Africa 693 M.
i. Moringua Gray.
(Ap hi ha Imichthys K au p) .
f
Fig. 165. Moringua bicolor Kaup.
anus is somewhat more than the length of the head. The origin
of 'the dorsal is at a slight distance behind the vertical through
the origin of the anal. Caudal forming a prominent point
beyond the dorsal and anal with which it is confluent. Pectorals
6 6'/ 2 times in length of head, rounded. Teeth conical, pointed,
uniserial, 6 8 in each mandible, 5 6 in each maxillary, 3 on
the vomer and 3 pairs of stouter ones on the intermaxillary
plate. Blackish brown above, yellowish white below, both
colours sharply separated. Fins yellowish white, end of the
united dorsal, caudal and anal blackish. Length to 775 mm.
Habitat: East Flores !; Timor. Kandavu and New Britain !.
Moringua microchir Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IV. 1853, p. 124.
All. Ichth. IV.
1864, P- 16.
339
Moringua himbricoidea. Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 91 (p. p.).
>
about twice in length of head and trunk. Eye 12, about twice
in snout. Cleft of mouth 4 times in length of head, reaching
behind hindborder of eye. Lower jaw prominent. Dorsal and
anal very low, only the anterior and posterior rays are visible.
The distance of the origin of the anal from anus is J 3 of the ]
Moringua macrochir Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 71. -
All. Ichth. IV.
1864, p. 15.
*
Moringua macrochir Kner, Novara-Fische 1865 1867, p. 389.
Moringua raitaborua Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 90 (p.p.).
Moringua raitaborua M. Weber, Siboga-Expeditie, Fische 1913, p. 52 (nee
Hamilton Buchanan).
2
Height 37 44; head Q / 3 to more than 11, 5.5 to 6.7 in
trunk. Tail twice or somewhat
Q Q Q
more in length of head and trunk. ^ o
Eye 9 12, shorter than snout. O O Q
Cleft of mouth about 4 times in
Q Q Q o
o o
length of head, reaching to below o
posterior half of eye. Lower jaw o o o
prominent. Dorsal and anal rather o o
o
^^
low, interrupted in the middle o v
rn
by an interspace longer than the
-
l66 Dentition of
anterior part of the fins. The Fi g- -
,. , r ,, . .
r ^i i macrochir Blkr. a intermaxillary,
distance of the origin of the anal
m maxillary, //^/mandibulary, e/ vome-
from the anus is about half or rine teeth \^ 9
somewhat more than half the
length of the head. The origin of the dorsal is somewhat behind
340
the vertical through the origin of the anal. The united caudal,
dorsal and anal form a slightly subtruncate fin, the corners
of which are rounded. Pectorals 5 to 7 times in length of
head. Teeth conical, pointed, uniserial, 8 in each mandible,
the 4 anterior stouter, 6 8 in each maxillary, 5 6 on the
vomer, 3 pairs of stouter teeth on the intermaxillary plate.
Colour uniform, back darker. Length 245 mm.
Habitat: Batu Islands; Java (Wijnkoops Bay !) Kei-Islands ;
(Elat! reef).
Height 24 30; head 7.8 10, 4.3 5.7 in trunk. Tail about
twice in head and trunk. Eye 8 10, somewhat shorter than
snout. Cleft of mouth more or less than 4 times in length of
head, reaching to hindborder of eye. Jaws nearly equal, upper
jaw somewhat prominent. Dorsal and anal much lower in
their middle, this lov/er part about equal in length to their
anterior part, the longest rays of which are longer than half
1901, p. 877.
Moringua abbreviata Volz, Revue suisse Zoologie XII. 1904, p. 482.
i) We are not sure about the identity of this fish, as the description contains
an evident error about the length of the tail.
342
Moringua abbreviate, Jordan Scale, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXVIII. 1905. p. 773.
?
Aphthalmichthys intermedius J. D. Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland XX.
(1906) 1907. p. 9.
i. Echidna J. R. Forster.
Muracna polyzon'a Klunzinger, Verb. zool. bot. Ges. Wien XXI. 1871, p. 617.
Echidna tritor Vaillant & Sauvage, Revue & Mag. Zool. 1875, P- 2 &7.
Muraena polyzona Day, Fishes of India 4. 1878 1888, p. 673.
Echidna zonata Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia 1900, p. 495.
Muraena polyzona Steindachner, Abh. Senckenb. nat. Ges. XXV. 1901, p. 457.
Echidna zonophaca Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comin. XXIT. (1902)
1904, p. 167.
Echidna leihala Jenkins, Ibid. p. 428.
Echidna vine fa Jenkins, Ibid. p. 429.
Echidna obscura Jenkins, Ibid. p. 430.
Echidna psalion Jenkins, Ibid. p. 431.
Echidna psalion^ obscura^ zonata, zonophaca^ leihala^ Jordan & Evermann, Ibid.
XXIII. (1903) 1905, p. 106 109.
Echidna tritor Jordan & Snyder, Ibid. XXVI. (1906) 1907, p. 208.
Muraena polyzona Gunther, Fische d. Sttdsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 422.
Echidna tritor Kendall & Goldsborough, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll.
XXVI. 1911, p. 248.
Echidna sativagei Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia LX1V. 1912, p. 30.
ma mandibulary, v vomerine
vomer stout and granular, m teeth y
young specimens in 2 series,
Muraena xanthospilos Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XIX. 1859, p. 348.
Poccilophis ornata Kaup, Aalahnl. Fische, Hamburg 1859, p. 28.
Echidna xanthospilus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 79.
Muraena xanthospila Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 131. Fische
d. Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 423.
Muraena amblyodon Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-neerl. I. 1856, Vissch. van
Menado p. 72.
Echidna amblyodon Bleeker, All. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 79.
M^^raena amblyodon Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 132 (p.p.).
Fische d. Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 424 (p.p.).
O
o
o ' teeth. Mandi-
behind the maxillary
bulary teeth anteriorly in 2, posteri-
?o |
o
orly in one series, the inner ones the
oo o c
00 O |
o
longest. Nearly uniform brown, den-
o0 o
*? | /
sely marbled with darker. Length
205 mm. [Specimen of BLEEKER'S
collection of 120 mm. length seen in
the Leiden Museum the above des-
Fig. 1 7* Dentition of Echidna
;
i) The reason for following BLEEKER in using the name Thyrsoidea Kaup
(Cat. Apod, 1856, p. 73) for this genus is based on "Rules of Zool. Nomen-
fish
Muraena macrurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie VII. 1854, p. 324.
Thyrsoidea longissima Kaup, Cat. Apodal Fish 1856, p. 82.
Thyrsoidea macrurus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. ill.
Thyrsoidea macrurus Kner, Fische Novara-Exped., 1865 67. p. 386.
Muraena macrurus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 127.
Muraena macrura Day, Fish. India 4. 1878 88, p. 672.
Muraena macrurus Perugia, Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva XIII. (XXXIII). 1893, p. 255.
Evenchelys macrurus Jordan & Evermann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXV. 1902, p. 327.
Rhabdura macrura Douglas Ogilby, Proc. Royal Soc. Queensland XX. 1906, p. 13.
Muraena macrurus Max Weber, Nova Guinea V. Livr. 2, 1908, p. 227.
Muraena macrurus Giinther, Fische d. Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 421.
Evenchelys macrurus Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Science Philad. LX1V. 1912, p. 2O.
Rhabdura macrura Max Weber, Siboga-Expeditie, Fische 1913^ P- 5^-
4. Muraena Linne.
0vj
O
O 0o o
cz.
no
V
W<o
o
Oo
00
l
i
Fig- 175- Fig. 176. Dentition of Muraena
Dentition of Muraena (Gymnothorax) picta Ahl. (Gymnothorax) tile
(Ham. Buch.).
a intermaxillary, m maxillary, md mandibulary, a intermaxillary, m maxillary, md
v vomerine teeth. X 5
/4- mandibulary, v vomerine teeth. X 3V2*
dorsal (in Indian species) before gillopenings, which are small,
more or lesshorizontal slits. Dorsal and anal confluent with
caudal, covered by thick skin. Tail shorter or somewhat longer
than body. Teeth in the jaws in one or more series, on inter-
maxillary plate generally in one or two peripheral rows and
i
3 mesial teeth. Teeth on vomer generally smaller than the
others, in one or more rows. Teeth conical, or compressed.
357
Muraena lampra Jenkins, Bull. U.S. fish Comm. XXII (1902) 1904, p. 423.
Muraena kauila Jenkins, Ibid. p. 424.
Muraena kailuac Snyder, Ibid. p. 518. -- Jordan & Evermann, Ibid. XXIII.
(1903) 1905, p. 88.
Muraena kailuac Jordan & Scale, Bull. U. S. Bur. fish. XXV. (1905) 1906, p. 196.
/.,
of
length of head, is horizontal and not closing completely. Origin
oo 5
-
Muraena Kmmmcri Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XVII. 1858 59, 'p. 137.
Strophidon polyodon Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. II. 186465, p. 47.
Pseudechidna Brummeri Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. I. 1863, p. 272.
Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, PI. XVIII. fig. i.
riorly more or less than half the height of the body; above the
anus higher than or about as high as the height of the body
underneath, farther behind it may even increase compared
360
part of head with small blackish dots, fins with a white margin.
Length 800 mm. [Type of G. megapterus in the Zoological
Museum of Amsterdam].
Habitat: Nias!; Bawean!; Savu!; Timor; Ambon!; Ceram;
New Guinea. - -
Madagascar, Mauritius, Japan, Pacific Islands.
in.
Fig. 1 80. Opened mouth of Muranea Fig. 181. Head of Muraena (Gymnothorax)
(Gymnothorax) picta Ahl, to show the zonipectis Scale, with opened mouth to
mesial tooth immediately behind the show the mesial depressible fang (m) on the
peripheral series of intermaxillary teeth intermaxillary plate. X
2 -
which it
equals in size. Vomerine
teeth in a double series.
crossbands 2
).
fr*;*:p$^^^ *
Muraena schismatorhynchus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, IV. 1853, p. 301.
Eurymyctera crudelis Kaup, Cat. Apodal Fish 1856, p. 73.
Muraena congeroides Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sclent. Indo-Neerl. VIII. 1860, Achtste
Bijdr. Vischfauna Sumatra, p. 87.
Gymnothorax crudelis Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. I. 1863, p. 168.
Gymnothorax schismatorhynchus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 106.
Muraena schismatorhynchus Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 127.
Rhinaimiraena eritima Jordan & Scale, Bull. Bur. Fish. Washington XXV. (1905)
1906, p. 196.
Rhinechidna eritima Barbour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington XXI. 1908, p. 41.
Muraena schismatorhynchus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 410.
HI! mmmm
mmmf^^
Fig. 184. Muraena (Gymnothorax'} schisniatorhynchus Blkr.
(After the type of KAUP).
Gymnothorax leucostictus Jenkins, Bull. U.S. fish. Comm. XXII. (1902) 1904,
p. 425. Jordan & Evermann, Ibid.XXIII. (1903) 1905, p. 96.
Gymnothorax ercodes Jenkins Ibid. XXII. (1902) 1904, p. 428. Jordan &
Everman, Ibid. XXIII. (1903) 1905, p. 95.
Gymnothorax chalazius Waite, Rec. Austral. Mus. V. 1904, p. 145.
Gvmnothorax eurostns Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. fish. Comm. XXIII. (1903)
1905, p. 92.
Gymnothorax laysamis Jordan & Evermann, Ibid. XXIII. (1903) 1905, p. 93 (s. syn.).
Gymnothorax meleagrls Jordan & Everman, Ibid. XXIII. (1903) 1905, p. 94.
Muraena melcagris Giinther, Fische d. Su'dsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 410.
Gymnothorax euros tus Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia 1912, p. 21.
/.;,
r *.! cop
of mouth, which goes more go O o <>
.
- * inter '
mandibulary,
Mtiraena Petelli Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie XI. 1856, p. 84.
Muraena interrupta Kaup, Cat. Apodal Fish 1856, p. 67.
Gymnothorax Petelli Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 99.
Muraena petelli Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 105.
Gymnothorax leucacme Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. XXII. (1902) 1904, p. 427.
Gymnothorax waiahtae Snyder, Ibid. p. 5 2 -
Gymnothorax petelli Jordan & Richardson, Bull. Bureau Fish. XXVII. (1907)
1908, p. 240.
Mnraena petelli Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 412.
2
Height 1 8 20, head 8 9%, 2 / 5 3 times in trunk. Tail
longer than head and trunk. Eye 9 10, situated somewhat
nearer to the end of the snout than to the corner of the mouth.
Snout rather pointed, not twice as long as eye. Cleft of mouth
about 2*/ 4 times in head. Mouth not shutting completely in
old specimens. Dorsal rather low, beginning before gillopenings,
which are about as wide as eyes. Maxillaries with a series ot
12 14 conical, somewhat compressed teeth, anteriorly with
an inner series of three long depressible teeth, which disappear
with age. On
intermaxillary plate a peripheral series of about
12 rather long depressible teeth, mesially with 2 or 3 larger
Muraena colubrina Lace"pede, Hist. nat. Poiss. V. 1803, p. 627, 641, 642
(nee Boddaert).
373
Muraena reticulata Riippell, All. Reise Nordl. Afrika, Fische d. Roth. Meer.
1828, p. 117 (nee Bloch).
Muraena colubrina Richardson, Voyage Erebus & Terror, Fish. 1844, p. 88
(nee Boddaert).
Dalophis Me Clelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. V. 1845, p. 213.
rtipelliae
Muraena colubrina Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie VI. 1854, p. 335.
/3
to 2 3 / 4 in trunk.
Head and trunk nearly 1.2 to 1.4 in tail. Eye 7 to more than
9, situated nearer to corner of mouth than to end of snout,
which pointed, not prominent; less than half the length of
is
the eye and more or less than 5'/ a times in length of head.
Cleft of mouth rather wide, shutting completely, 2.5 to 2.9 in
through the eye, the second behind corner of mouth, the third
in front or across gillopenings; end of snout and mostly tip of
tail free. Length 550 mm. [Some specimens of BLEEKER'S
collection seen by us].
Habitat: Sumatra; Batu Islands; Java (Prigi); Cocos Islands;
Borneo; Celebes (Menado); Sangir Islands; Buru; Ambon;
Ceram; Ternate; New
Guinea (Humboldt Bay!, German New
Guinea!); Flores; Rotti!; Timor. Red Sea, Andamans, Ceylon,
Pacific Islands (Ponape, Samoa, Kandavu, Paumotu Islands).
374
Muraena mdanospila Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie IX. 1855, p. 279.
Gymnothorax melanospilus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 90.
Muraena melanospila Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 109.
Mttraena melanospila Alley ne &
Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. I. 1877, p. 353.
Muraena melanospila Macleay, Descript. Cat. Fishes of Australia 1881, p. 219.
Gymnothorax pescadoris Jordan & Evermann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXV. 1902,
p. 326.
Gymnothorax melanospilos Jordan & Richardson, Mem. Carnegie Mus. IV. 1909,
p. 174-
?
Mnraenophis stellata Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poissons V. 1803, p. 629 & 644.
Muraenophis undulata Lacepede, 1. c. p. 629 &644.
Muraena fimbriata Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. i. 1831, p. 168.
Muraena Valenciennii Eydoux & Souleyet, Voyage autour du Monde sur la
Gymnothorax tin dn In Ins Jordan & Ever man n, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. XXIII.
(1903) 1905, p. 98.
?
Euryinyctera acutirostris Jordan & Evermann, Ibid. p. 105.
Gytnnothorax itndnlatus Scale, Occasional papers Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus.
IV, 1906, p. 9.
Muracna ujidulata Giinther, Fisched. Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 413.
larger than the eye; those on the head are smaller and may
be wanting. On the tail they are often also arranged in trans-
verse rows, giving a more or less striped appearance to this
part. Dorsal and anal often with a light border. These spots
may partly be confluent, in which case the fish is yellowish,
densely reticulated and marmorated with brown (M. agassizi).
In the variety undulata the spots have still more gained in
extension and the groundcolour is blackish, lighter on the
belly, wide network of more or less dendritic white
with a
or yellowish lines, which are more numerous on the head,
giving to this part a mottled appearance. Length 1500 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Aru Bay!, Siboga, Priaman, Padang,
Benkulen, Kauer); Nias!; Batu-Islands; PuluWeh!; Singapore;
Java (Batavia, Prigi, Patjitan, Anjer, Karangbollong, Penand-
jung Bay!); Borneo (Balikpapan Bay!); Sangir Islands; Beo,
Karakelang Islands!; Saleyer!; Buru; Ambon!; Ceram; Ternate;
Waigeu; New Guinea (Kaimana!); Aru Islands!; Timor; Banda!;
Flores!; Pulu Serbete!. -
Madagascar, Mauritius, East coast
-
Height 151/2
/j.
Head 7 1 /^ 9, 3 times in trunk. Tail a
21 !
little
longer or shorter than head and trunk. Eye 10 12, about
twice in snout, situated above the middle of the cleft of the
mouth, which goes 2 ]
/3
2
/2
times in length of head. Tube
!
Gymnothorax detactus Jordan & Scale, Bull. Bureau Fisheries Washington XXV.
(1905) 1906, p. 201 (nee Bryan & Herre).
Gymnothorax lineatus Jordan & Scale, Ibid. p. 202 (nee Lesson, nee syn.).
Gymnothorax samalensis Scale, Philippine Journ. of Science IV. 1909, p. 492.
Muraena chilospihis Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 415.
Gymnothorax richardsoni Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische 1913, p. 60 (pro parte).
380
de
Gymnothorax richardsonii de Beaufort, Bijdragen tot Dierkunde, Afl. 19,
Gillopenings less wide than eye. Dorsal and anal rather feebly
Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, Occ. Papers Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. IV.
1906, p. 7.
t Muraena stellifera Richardson, Zool. Voyage Erebus & Terror, 1844, p. 86.
Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. II. (1864) 1865,
p. 53. Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 97.
? Muraena stellifera Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 101.
Gymnothorax talofa Jordan & Scale, Bull. Bur. Fish. XXV.(1905) 1906, p. 201.
Lycodontis margaritophorus Douglas Ogilby, Mem. Queensland Mus. I. 1912, p. 34.
/ 2
in head. Jaws
not shutting completely. Dorsal beginning before gillopenings.
Dorsal and anal moderately developed. Maxillaries with an
outer series of about 1 5 rather small compressed teeth, and an
anterior inner row of about 5 longer ones. On the inter-
maxillary plate a peripheral series of about 15 teeth, most of
them much longer than those of the maxillaries and mesially
a series of 2 or 3 fang-like ones. single series of 5 or more A
small teeth on vomer. Mandibles with a series of closely set,
rather short compressed teeth, about 22 on each side; near
the symphysis 4 or 5 canines, irregularly biserial. Reddish
brown, lighter below. A large oblong black patch on the tem-
poral region, beginning immediately behind eye and sometimes
broken up in 3 or 4 smaller spots. Sometimes some smaller
spots on the cheek. Body and tail with 3 or 4 longitudinal
rows of white spots or vertical stripes. Dorsal posteriorly with
a white margin. Length over 200 mm. [Type of the species
in the British Museum seen by
us].
Habitat: Ambon!. -- Queensland, Samoa.
?
Muraenophis flaveola Lesson, Voyage Coquille, Zool. 1830, p. 128.
Muraena grisea Cuv.? Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXII. Bijdr. Ichth. Bali, (1848)
1849, p. ii.
Muraena Richardsonii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III, 1852, p. 296.
Muraena ceramensis Bleeker, Ibid. p. 297.
Muraena scoliodon Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1853, Muraenoid. p. 43.
Muraena Troschelii Bleeker, Ibid. p. 45.
Muraena florisiana Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie VI. 1854, p. 334.
Muraena vermicularis Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1855, p. 459.
Muraena diplodon Peters, Ibid. p. 460.
Muraena venosa Kaup, Cat. Apodal Fish 1856, p. 68.
Thyrsoidea ceramensis Kaup, Ibid. p. 87.
Tkyrsoidea multifasciata Kaup, Ibid. p. 87.
Gymnothorax floresianus Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. I. 1863, p. 252.
Gymnothorax venosus Bleeker, Ibid. p. 272.
Gymnothorax Richardsoni Bleeker, Atl. Icht. IV. 1864, p. 100.
Gymnothorax scoliodon Bleeker, Ibid. p. 101.
Gymnothorax ceramensis Bleeker, Ibid. p. 101.
Gymnothorax richardsonii Kner, Fische Novara-Exp. 1865 1867. p. 385.
Muraena richardsoni Gitnther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 118.
Gymnothorax richardsoni Jordan & Richardson, Bull. Bureau Fish. Washington
XXVII. (1907) 1908, p. 240.
Gymnothorax richardsonii Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 414.
Height 14 20. Head 6.5 7.5, 2.2 2.7 in trunk. Tail equal
to or a longer than head and trunk.
little
Eye 8 10, situated
above the middle of
the cleft of the mouth,
which goes 2.5 -3
times in length of
head. Snout conical,
slightly compressed,
about I 2 times dia-
!
Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 778.
Verb. Bat. Gen. XXV.1853, Muraenoid. p. 44.
Gymnothorax makassariensis Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierkunde I.
1863, p. 1 68.
Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 104.
Muraena Boschi Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1853, Muraenoid. p. 52.
Muraena monochrous Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie X. 1856, p. 384.
Gymnothorax Boschi Bleeker, All. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 105.
Gymnothorax monochrous Bleeker, 1. c. p. 106.
?
Gymnothorax mactilaepinnis Steindachner, Sitzber. Akad. Wien LIII. 1866,
p. 473 [nee Blkr.].
Muraena afra Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 123 (pro parte).
? Muraena afra Day, Fishes of India 4. 18781888, p. 671.
Mnraena micropoecilus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie VIII. 1855, p. 459.
Gyinnothorax micropoecilus Bleeker, All. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 105.
Mnraena micropoecilus Gtinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 94, foot-note.
Height 19, head 8.6, 2.8 in trunk. Tail one length of head
longer than head and body. Eye 7 8. Snout much less than
Height less than 30, head less than 9. At least some of the
teeth in upper and lower jaw finely serrated on both edges
or posteriorly only.
i) According to BLEEKER
there is an inner pheripheral row of 3 to 4 teeth
on the intermaxillary plate. We were unable to find these.
388
B. Coloration uniform.
a. Tail tapering, longer than head and trunk. M. (P.) angusticauda p. 389.
b. Tail scarcely tapering, shorter than head
and trunk M. (P.) moluccensis p. 390.
Height 23, head 7 8.2, 2.2 2.6 in trunk. Tail about one
length of head longer than head and trunk. Eye more than
10, i
'/ 3 1'/ 2 in snout, situated somewhat nearer to angle of
mouth than to end of snout. Snout scarcely compressed, rather
short. Tubes of anterior nostrils very short, about half eye.
belly, where the bands are very distinct. Upper parts every-
where between the bands closely covered with dark brown
spots. Length over 550 mm. [Type of Muraena minor Schl.
in the Leiden Museum seen by us].
Habitat: "Sea of Borneo" (RICHARDSON). - Tranquebar
(BLOCK), Formosa, China, Japan.
tail. Head 8.4, 2.9 in trunk. Eye nearly 9, about i'/ 4 in snout,
Gymnothorax vinolentus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. XXII.
(1902) 1904, p. 165.
Enchelynassa bleekeri Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. XXIII.
(1903) 1905, p. 90.
Enchelynassa vinolentus Jordan & Evermann, Ibid. p. 91.
39 i
Kncliclynassa canina Jordan & Seale, Dull. Bur. Fisheries Washington XXV.
(1905) 1906, p. 197.
Muracna blcckcfi Giinther, Fischc der Siidsee, Heft IX. 1910, p. 409.
Height head swollen, 7.4, 2.9 in trunk. Tail one third
14;
of length of head shorter than head and trunk. Eye more than
10, situated nearer to
end of snout than to
corner of mouth. Cleft
of mouth more than
twice in length of
head, not
closing:
only the tips of the
jaws meet. Gillope-
nings funnel-shaped,
smaller than eye. Dor-
sal and anal rather
low, the former be-
ginning somewhat
Fig. 191. Muraena (Enchelynassa) canina Q. G.
before gillopenings.
(After the type of Enchelynassa bleekeri Kaup).
Maxillary teeth in
2 series, the outer series close set, compressed large teeth, the
most anterior small; the inner series -shorter, consisting of large
depressible fangs. On
the intermaxillary <f
o0 Oo
plate the outer maxil- 6
O
o
a
o o
lary series is conti- oO o
nued as a series of 8o
o
very small
mingled
ones,
with
teeth
large
especially at
h 8 o
o
o
o
the frontborder; it <
nostrils, but did not recnognise them as such. They use the
name "narines" only for the posterior nostrils. Moreover their
description of the dentition, of the head as "capite crasso",
of the colour as "uniformement noiratre" makes it plausible,
that the opinion of JORDAN & SEALE is right.
5. Gymnomuraena Lacepede.
(LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poissons V. 1803, p. 648).
to rudiment, which
a is confluent with the caudal; in some
individuals the dorsal may be represented by a more or less
conspicuous fold of the skin. Tail equal to, shorter or longer
than head and trunk.
Maxillary and man-
dibulary teeth in 2
or 3 series, an outer
series of numerous,
sessile, compressed,
smaller teeth, close
together and i or
2 inner series of
numerous teeth,
less
which are longer
and depressible.
The outer maxillary
series is continued
on the intermaxil-
lary plate and en- Fig. 194- Dentition of Gy mnomuraena
closes numerous,
irregularly placed longer teeth, which are depressible. Vomer
with one or two series of pointed teeth. Gillopenings small
in the middle of the height of the body or above or below it.
Muraenoblenna tigrina Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. II. 1857, Achtste Bijdr.
vischf. Ambon p. 93 ! ).
to more than twice in head and trunk. Eye more or less than
i) BLEEKER has shown (Versl. Akad. Amsterdam XV. 1863, p. 462) that
KAUP has confounded Gymnomuraena marmorata and Gymnothorax polyuranodon
under this name.
395
"la queue, qui est beaucoup plus longue que le tronc". In his
diagnosis however it is clear that the reverse is meant.
i) In our specimens the length of head, trunk and tail are as follows
13-5 34-5 50
--
13 35 50
13 37 50
I5-538.5- 56 gillopenings below middle of the height.
16 - -
42 58
42 --
15 59
15 35 62
16 43
-- 77
23 72 95
24 70 101 gillopenings in middle of the height.
23 63 112
32 84 145
39 6
measurements are: head 19, trunk 63, tail 76. We are not
sure where to place this specimen, the dentition of which agrees
with that of G. concolor or of the young of G. marmorata.
farther from head than from tip of tail. No larval teeth. From
the definitive teeth, which are very small at any rate, only a
few at the frontborder of the upper jaw could be detected.
Pectorals rounded, small. Dorsal and anal with about 100, caudal
with 15 rays. In the last third of the length each myocomma
has 6 8 pigment spots on that part of the myocomma, which is
situated between its most ventral part and the chorda. Moreover
a pigment spot on the base of each dorsal, caudal and anal ray.
The single specimen was captured in the deep sea trawl,
hauled up from a depth of 1270 M., in the Sulu Sea, 6 15' N.,
4OO
Length 20 mm.
13.5. The anus is
1
Height 6.5, head ^ length i
/2
20 mm. length. X 8 -
lengths of head nearer to tip of tail than to
4Oi
I.
Stage with 106 segments. Length 19.5 mm.
Height 2 mm.; head 1.75 mm.; distance of anus from
end of tail about I mm., from head 16.75 mm.
Height 9.7; head II; tail 19.5 times in total length.
Snout pointed, part of head behind it convex. Eye more
than twice in snout, cleft of mouth reaching frontborder
/4
times in length of head, and is much
smaller than postorbital part and about half
its
Fig. 209. Head of Leptoceplialus mirabilis Brauer of 143 mm. length. K gillopening.
i. Fam. SYNBRANCHIDAE.
i. Monopterus Lacepede.
(LACPDE, Hist. nat. Poissons II. 1798, p. 139).
a
Fig. 210. Monopterus albus (Zuiew). X 2
/5-
a anus : S gillopening.
fluent with small caudal, which has a few rays. Pectorals and
ventrals absent. Teeth small, in bands on intermaxillaries, pala-
tines, pterygoids and mandibles. Gillmembranes confluent and
i) For the mode of respiration of this fish see VOLZ, Zool. Jahrb. Abt.
Anatomic XXIII. 1906, p. 163.
413
Monopterus javanicus Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVIII. 1850, p. 1321.
Monopterus javanensis Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Gen. XXV. 1853, Muraenoid. p. 59 ').
Monopterus albus Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXIII. 1901, p. 838.
Cryptophthalimts robustvs Franz,
Abh. Bayer. Akad. Miinchen 4. Suppl. Bd.
1910, p. 15.
2. Macrotrema Regan.
(C. TATE REGAN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) IX. 1912, p. 390).
n.'
Symbrancktts caligans Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVIII. 1850, p. 1316.
Ophisternon caligans Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. VI. 1859, p. 180.
Synbranchus caligans Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 119.
Symbrancktu caligans Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. 17.
Symbranchus caligans von Martens, Preussische Exp. nach Ost-Asien, Zool.
Theil I.
1876, p. 405.
Macrotrema caligans Tate Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) IX. 1912, p. 390.
4
!
/2
times. Head 8 /2 to 8 3/4 Tail 4 to 5 in head and trunk.
!
.
Habitat: Singapore.
- -
Pinang.
In sea.
3. Synbranchus Bloch.
Symbranchus gutturalis Richardson, Zoology Voyage Erebus & Terror, 1845, p. 49.
Symbranchus immaculatus Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XVIII. 1850, p. 1319.
Tetrabranchus microphthalmus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie II. 1851^.69.
Symbranchus immaculatus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1853, Muraenoid.
p. 57 (nee Bloch).
be read *Eucir-
p. 27. "Eucirrhichtys doriae" Perugia must
rhichthys".
read * Acanthoph-
Acanthophtalmus pangia" must be
*
p. 31.
thalmus" also in the ist and 10* line of synonymy,
p. 275. On this page is omitted the following figure:
in volume II:
VERNACULAR NAMES 1
).
i) As in Java the three languages: Javanese, sundanese and malay are spoken,
we have accordingly placed behind the indigenous names (Malay.), (Sundan.) or
(Javan.). In naming a fish the malay people use as a rule "ikan" fish before =
the special name. In most cases we have omitted "ikan".
420
Djohar 88.
Kaduan 185.
Tiworo 1 1 6.
Sepadak 188.
Seren 164. Tjahul 177.
Sereni 30. Tjakkul 159.
Serowot 26, 30, 32, 33. Tjetjerreh 77.
Siaja 165. Tjettjereh 62.
Sidat 251. Tjipo 202.
Sihitam 211. Totodi 263.
Silap 151.
Tulum 227.
Sisik-milik 194. Tulum 233.
Sisi-samping 32. Turap-hawu 196.
Siwali 341. Turiq 160.
Soro 149, 151. Turu behaw 198.
Sunnow 1 88. Turub hawu 198.
354- 179.
Rhinomuraena quaesita 352. rubripinna, rubripinnis, Barbodes
rhodocephalus, Gymnothorax 374. 194.
rhodochilus, Echidna 345, 350. rubripinna, Barbus 193.
rhodochilus, Muraena 350. rubripinna, Puntius 194.
rhytidoderma, Ophichthys 302, 309. rubripinna, Systomus 194.
rhytidodermatoides, Ophichthys rubripinnis, Barbus 194.
302, 309, 310. rupelliae, Dalophis 373.
richardsoni, Gymnothorax 362, rupicola, Nemachilus 40, 41.
379, 383- riippelli, Gymnothorax 361, 372.
richardsoni, Muraena 362, 383. ruppelli, Muraena 361, 372.
robustus, Cryptophthalmus 414. rutidoderma, Ophichthys 309.
Rohita 126. rutidoderma, Ophisurus 309.
Rohita Artedii 135. rutidoderma, Pisoodonophis 309.
Rohita borneensis 126. rutidodermatoides, Ophichthys 309.
Rohita brachynotopterus 134. rutidodermatoides, Ophisurus 309.
Rohita chrysophekadion 210. rutidodermatoides, Pisoodonophis
Rohita cyanomelas 210. 309-
Rohita enneaporos 131. rutteni, Rasbora 60, 68.
Rohita erythrura 131. sagenodeta, Gymnothorax 377, 379.
Rohita hasselti 135. salusur, Homaloptera 17.
Rohita kahajanensis 130. samalensis, Gymnothorax 379.
Rohita Kappenii 137. sarananella, Barbus 194.
Rohita koilo-geneion 210. saravacensis, Nemachilus 40, 41.
Rohita Kuhli 135. sauvagei, Echidna 347.
Rohita leiorhynchos 135. schaapi, Ophisurus 300.
Rohita melanopleura 127. Schaapi, Pisoodonophis 300.
Rohita microcephalus 135. Scheeli, Leptocephalus 404.
Rohita nigra 126. Schismatorhynchus 94, 216.
Rohita oligolepis 139. schismatorhynchus, Gymnothorax
Rohita polyporos 210. 361, 366.
Rohita Schlegelii 129. Schismatorhynchus heterorhynchus
Rohita triporos 133. 216, 217, 218.
Rohita vittata 131, 133. Schismatorhynchus lobocheilioides
Rohita Waandersii 135, 136. 218.
rohitoides, Diplocheilos 214. schismatorhynchus, Muraena 361,
rohitoides, Labeo 90, 211, 212, 214. 366.
rohitoides. Lobocheilos 214. schlegeli, Osteochilus 125, 129.
Rohtee microlepis 100. Schlegelii, Rohita 129.
Rohteichthys 92, 99. schmidti, Leptocephalus 401.
Rohteichthys microlepis 90, 99, 100. schultzei, Muraenichthys 275, 277.
roosendaali, Congrellus 261. Schwanefeldi, Barbodes 178.
schwanefeldi, Barbus 177, 178. siderea, Muraena 363.
Schwanefeldi var. rubra, Barbus sinensis, Ophisurus 300.
178. singapurensis, Conger 254.
Schwanefeldii, Lobocheilos 223. singapurensis, Muraenesox 254.
schwanefeldi, Puntius 165, 171,178. singapurensis, Ophichthys 302, 306.
Schwanefeldi, Systomus 178. snyderi, Macrochirichthys 54.
schwanefeldi,Tylognathus 220, 223. soro, Barbus 148.
Schwenki, Leuciscus 61. soro, Labeobarbus 148, 149.
scoliodon, Gymnothorax 383. soroides, Barbus 168.
scoliodon, Muraena 383. spadiceus, Centrurophis 303, 305.
scolopacea, Nemichthys 330. spadiceus, Ophisurus 305.
scolopaceus, Nemichthys 326, 329, spengeli, Anguilla 244, 249.
330. Sphagebranchus 281, 282,317,318.
Scuticaria 392. Sphagebranchus bicolor 319, 323.
Scuticaria tigrina 394. Sphagebranchusgjellerupi3i9,326.
sector,Serrivomer 331, 332. Sphagebranchus Heyningi 282.
semicincta var. of Myrichthys colu- Sphagebranchus Huysmani 278.
brinus 286. Sphagebranchus kaupi 319, 325.
semicinctus, Leiuranus, Liuranus, Sphagebranchus klazingai3i9, 321.
294. Sphagebranchus lumbricoides 319,
semicinctus, Ophisurus 294. 3 2 4.
semilineata, Rasbora 61, 80. Sphagebranchus macrodon 319,
serpens, Ophisurus 282. 323-
serradentata, Muraenesox 255. Sphagebranchus marmoratus 288.
Serrivomer 327, 331. Sphagebranchus mindora3i9, 322.
Serrivomer beani 332. Sphagebranchus misolensis 319,
Serrivomer sector 331, 332. 324-
setigerum, Luciosoma 86, 87. Sphagebranchus moluccensis 319,
setigerus, Barbus 87. 325-
shelfordi, Acanthophthalmus 31,32. Sphagebranchus orientalis 318,319,
siaja, Barbus 165. 321.
siaja, Cyclocheilichthys 155, 165, Sphagebranchus polyophthalmus
i6 7 .
318, 319, 320.
Siaja Deventeri 162. Sphagebranchus vimineus 294.
Siaja heteronema 156. Sphagebranchus vulturis 319.
Siaja macropus 165, 178. spilopleura, Luciosoma 86, 89.
Siaja microlepis 120. spilurus, Dangila 139.
Siaja siaja 165. spilurus, Osteochilus 126, 139.
siaja, Siaja 165. steindachneri, Nematabramis 45,
sibogae, Callechelys 287, 288. 46, 47.
sibogae, Muraenichthys 275, 276. stellata, Muraenophis 376.
sidat, Anguilla 250. stellatus, Gymnothorax 377.
sidat, Muraena 250. stellifera, Muraena 382.
Sidera pantherina 363. stercus-muscarum var. of Dangila
Sidera pfeirleri 363. festiva 118.
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