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ABE 14 AB ELECTRIFICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

NAME: Erman A. Deano DATE SUBMITTED:

COURSE AND YEAR: BSABE GRADES:

➢ what are the different types of cable, with description, uses, specification and illustration?

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

• UTP stands for Unshielded Twisted Pair cable. UTP cable is a 100-ohm copper cable that consists of
2 to 1800 unshielded twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket. They have no metallic shield. This
makes the cable small in diameter but unprotected against electrical interference. The twist helps to
improve its immunity to electrical noise and EMI.

• UTP cables are mostly used for LAN networks. They can be used for voice, low-speed data, high-
speed data, audio and paging systems, and building automation and control systems.

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

• Shielded twisted pair (STP) is a special kind of copper telephone and local area network (LAN) wiring
used in some business installations. It adds an outer covering or shield those functions as a ground to
ordinary twisted pair wiring.
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• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cables are generally used for Ethernet cabling where there is heavy
electrical equipment used and large number of electrical cables are there, which can cause
electromagnetic interference.
Coaxial Cable

• Coax, short for coaxial, is a type of cable used to transmit data, the internet, video and voice
communications. A coax cable is made up of an aluminum and copper shield with an outer plastic
jacket with the dielectric insulator helping to minimize signal loss.

• Coaxial cable is commonly used by cable operators, telephone companies, and internet providers
around the world to convey data, video, and voice communications to customers. It has also been used
extensively within homes.

Fiber Optic Cable

• A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable,
but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light.

• Fiber optic cables are used to transmit cable signals since its discovery. They are ideal for signal
transmission for HD Televisions because they have more bandwidth and have faster speeds. Fiber
optic cables are also cheaper than copper wires.

Cable Installation Guides

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• Cable should be pre-cut and hung suspended for 48 hours to develop its most natural set and lay prior
to installation.
• Cable should be installed with, not against, its natural set.
• Strain relief on either end will reduce conductor breakage at the flex points.
• If there are any kinks in the cable when it is installed, it will always remain and eventually cause a
cable failure.
• After installation, the most critical factors in the cable are minimum bend radius and reel tension.

Wireless LANs

• A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices
using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited area such
as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus, or office building.

• They are used for home and small office networks that link together laptop computers, printers,
smartphones, Web TVs and gaming devices with a wireless router, which links them to the
internet.

➢ Discuss, show the following electrical accessories;

1. Raceway, types, characteristics, standard sizes etc.

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A raceway (sometimes called a raceway system) is a closed conduit that forms a physical path
for electrical wiring. The raceways protect cables from heat, moisture, corrosion, water intrusion, and
general physical threats.

Types of raceways

•
Floor raceways
Are used on the ground, and sometimes we provide a central barrier to operate the Power and
Data Cables. Covers are provided with screw-type and welding type.

• Ceiling raceways
These are used for ceiling using cable tray support. Covers are supplied with the Push-Fit type.

•Aluminum
We manufacture lightweight, maintenance-free and magnetic-free aluminum raceways. With
this material, the power losses are kept to a minimum.
Characteristics of raceways
• Raceways for fish culture are tanks which are relatively shallow and rely on a high-water flow
in proportion to their volume in order to sustain aquatic life.
• Flow-through aquaculture systems require water exchange to maintain suitable water quality
for fish production and rely on water flow for the collection and removal of metabolic wastes.
• Flow-through systems include linear earthen and concrete raceways and tanks constructed from
other materials.
Standard size of raceways
• Standard Length – 2500mm.
• Height – 30mm,40mm,50mm, 75mm and 100mm.
• Width–40mm,50mm,75mm,100mm,150mm,
300mm,450mm,600mm,750mm and 1000mm.

2. Conduit pipe, description, uses, classification, standards size etc.

This conduit piping system is most commonly suitable for outdoors in order to provide further
protection to wiring systems, as well as, offer structural protection for panels, and other types of
equipment
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The electrical conduits are used to protect the electrical cables. Electricity is one of the
dangerous things in the world. Even though the conductors that carry the current is insulated by some
PVC covered materials or rubber, the insulating material is not strong enough to protect the cable from
damage.

Types of conduit pipe

• PVC Conduit Pipe
20mm, 25mm and 32mm are three sizes of PVC conduits. Glue is used to joint the pipe with coupler.
Screws, fisher and steel wire are used to fit the PVC pipe with floor or wall. Spring bender is used for
bending the PVC conduits. For Using bender machine to make offset. 20mm and 25mm are the two
sizes of spring bender. Hammer is also need for this installation.
• GI Conduit Pipe
20mm and 25mm are the two sizes of GI conduit pipes. GI bender machine is used to make a bended
pipe. Bender machine have two types of dies. We should have to put the pipes in dies. Dies only used
for holding purpose. The bender machine is designed by semi-automatic. So, the electricians need to
give bulk energy to the bending.

Standard sizes of conduit pipe

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3. Connector and descriptions

Electrical connector. An electrical connector is an electromechanical device used to join
electrical conductors and create an electrical circuit. Most electrical connectors have a gender – i.e. the
male component, called a plug, connects to the female component, or socket.

Characteristics of connector
• Data can't be shared among connectors that are located in different groups.
• Data flow to a specific service can be blocked altogether by marking that connector as Blocked.
Types of connectors

• AC Connectors
AC power connector types are mainly used to connect equipment to a wall outlet in order to
power the device. Of the types of AC connectors, power plugs are for standard size devices while
industrial AC power plugs are large electrical wire connectors for larger industrial applications.
• DC Connectors
Unlike AC connectors, DC connectors are not standardized. A DC plug, a variant of a DC
connector, primarily supplies smaller electronic devices with power. Because there are different
standards of DC plugs, it’s important not to accidentally use incompatible variants.
• Wire Connectors
The purpose of a wire connector is to bring two or more wires together at a common point of
connection. Lugs, crimps, set screws, and split-bolt types are all examples of this variant.
• Blade Connectors
Blade connectors feature a one-wire connection—the blade connector is inserted into a blade
receptacle and when the blade connector’s wire makes contact with the receptor’s wire a connection
is made.
• Plug and Socket Connectors
Plug and socket connectors consist of a male and female component which fit together snugly.
A plug, the male component, is comprised of many pins and prongs, which when inserted into the
female socket, securely latch on to corresponding contacts.
• Insulation-Piercing Connectors
Insulation-piercing connectors are useful because they don’t require uncovered wires. Instead,
a fully covered wire is inserted into the connector, and a small device inside the opening removes the
wire’s covering as the wire slides into place. Then, the uncovered tip of the wire makes contact with
the receptor, and electricity can be transmitted
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4. Outlet and receptacles, kinds, illustration, types

Receptacle is a part of the outlet, but they are not the same as the outlet. You can easily
differentiate them by many features. Like, if you want to plug in any kind of device you need to use a
receptacle. Which is also a part of the outlet. But a receptacle has only one switch but an outlet can
have many.

Types of receptacles
120-Volt Receptacles

These receptacles, which come in several different colors, are easily identified: they have two identical
outlets, each with three plug-in slots.

120/240-Volt Electrical Receptacles

Providing both 120 and 240 volts, these receptacles have four plug-in slots—two that are hot, one that
is neutral, and one that is grounding.

240-Volt Receptacles

This type of receptacle is not for use with standard appliances but rather is reserved for such items as
power tools, which often require a dedicated circuit because of their energy requirements.

5. Junction box
junction boxes, enclose wire connections. They help protect against short circuits, which can
cause fires.
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6. Outlet
allow electrical equipment to connect to the electrical grid. The electrical grid provides
alternating current to the outlet. There are two primary types of outlets: domestic and industrial.

7. Pull box
are used along with conduit to simplify wiring installation, hence their name. They are made
of sheet metal, cast metal, or a non-metallic material, and provide a way to pull conductors
long distances without placing excessive strain on the wire or insulation.

8. Process of mounting receptacle

Step 1: Turn Off the Breaker. ...
Step 3: Strip and Connect the Neutral Wires. ...
Step 4: Connect the Ground Wire. ...
Step 5: Repeat for the Hot Wires. ...
Step 6: Secure the Receptacle to the Box. ...
Step 7: Install Faceplate.

9. Switches, branch and circuit switches, classification

• SPST (Single Pole Single throw) - This is a device that is used to connect or disconnect two
terminals. This switch is the source of power for the owl circuit.
• SPDT (single pole double throw) - The switch is a three-terminal switch, with one terminal
serving as an input and the other two serving as outputs.
• DPST (double pole, single throw) - The switch has two poles, which implies it has two identical
switches next to each other.
• DPDT (double pole double throw) - two distinct circuits, with each circuit's two inputs
connected to one of two outputs
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REFERENCE:
Home Improvement DIY: The Junction Box. (2022, February 26). The Spruce;
www.thespruce.com. https://www.thespruce.com/junction-box-1798574
Electrical outlet - Energy Education. (2020, April 28). Electrical Outlet - Energy Education;
energyeducation.ca.
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Electrical_outlet#:~:text=Electrical%20outlets%20(also%20known
%20as,of%20outlets%3A%20domestic%20and%20industrial.
How to Wire an Outlet | The Art of Manliness. (2013, April 11). The Art of Manliness;
www.artofmanliness.com. https://www.artofmanliness.com/skills/manly-know-how/how-to-wire-an-outlet/
WatElectronics. (2019, July 18). Different Types of Switches with Circuits and Applications.
WatElectronics.Com; www.watelectronics.com. https://www.watelectronics.com/types-of-switches-with-
applications/
https://www.lceted.com/2020/03/what-is-electrical-raceway.html
https://www.nelcoproducts.com/blog/cable-raceway/
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/04/wire-outlet.html
https://homearise.com/receptacle-vs-outlet/