A

Specialization Project Report

On
“Corporate Social Responsibility of Reliance Industries Ltd in
General Business”
In the partial fulfillment of the Degree of

Master of Management Studies under the University of Mumbai/

Approved by AICTE
By
SUNNY ANIL DHODI
Class: MMS –A & Roll No: 22

Specialization: Marketing
Batch: 2019-21 (Year)

Under the Guidance of

Deepak Asarpota Sir

(Internal Guide)

ATHARVA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Malad-Marve Road, Charkop Naka,
Malad (West), Mumbai 400 095.
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “CORPORATE SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY OF RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD IN GENERAL

BUSINESS” submitted as a part of the study of MMS Degree is my original work

and the Project has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree,

associate ship, fellowship or any other similar titles.

Place:

Date:

Signature of the Student

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “CORPORATE SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY OF RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD IN GENERAL

BUSNIESS” is the bonafied work carried out by SUNNY ANIL DHODI student

of MMS, Atharva Institute of Management Studies, during the year 2020-2021 in

the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Management

Studies and that the project has not formed the basis for the award of any other

degree, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar titles.

Place:

Date:

Signature of the Guide Signature of Director

TABLE OF CONTENT

SR Title Page
No. No.

1 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Project 6–8

2 Chapter 2: Theoretical Background 9 – 16

3 Chapter 3: Company Profile 17 – 26

4 Chapter 4: Research Methodology 27 – 34

5 Chapter 5: Data Analysis & Interpretation 35 – 40

6 Chapter 6: Problems & Challenges 41

7 Chapter 7: Findings 42

8 Chapter 8: Suggestions & Recommendations 43 - 44

9 Chapter 9: Conclusion 45

10 Chapter 10: Reference 46

11 Chapter 11: Bibliography 47

12 Plagiarism Report 48 – 50
 CSR Activities of Reliance Industries Ltd in General
Business

Chapter – 1

A. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is an Indian MNC Conglomerate Company headquartered in

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Reliance Industries has their established organizations crosswise
over India occupied with various business sectors such as vitality, petrochemicals, materials,
characteristic assets, retail, and media communications. In 1977, Reliance Textile Industries’
IPO creates history by introducing the equity cult in India creating the wealth for all Indians. The
issue is oversubscribed seven times, strengthening Reliance’s growth ambitions.

The Reliance Industries Ltd is most constructive organization in India working up for the
GLOBAL REFINING MAP In 2000, Reliance commissions the world's largest grassroots
refinery in a record 36 months: the Jamnagar petrochemicals and integrated refinery complex.
With the growth of the related green belt, the desert neighboring Jamnagar becomes home to
another man-made wonder – Asia’s largest mango orchard! In n 2004, RIL appears as the first
and only private Indian organization to be listed in the Fortune Global 500 list. RIL is also the
first private sector establishment to be rated by international credit rating agencies.

Reliance Industries Ltd is actively involved in the growth of new and proprietary catalysts,
processes and products to improve effectiveness and accelerate the business growth. Reliance
Industries Ltd as an organization has transitioned from a smart buyer of technology to a fast
customizer of technology and is a flagship developer which provides business leadership through
largely in-house developed technology that creates significant value. Research and Development
of the company enables the innovation based growth agenda for RIL. In addition to this RIL is
actively collaborating with various international and national institutions for Research and
Development related accomplishments.

Company listing

The RIL equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) and the
Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE). The Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) issued by the
Company are listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange as well. In the year 2020 Reliance
Industries became the first Indian company to exceed US$150 billion in the market capitalization
after its market capitalization hit ₹11,43,667 crore on the BSE. It is ranked as 8thamong the top
250 Global Energy Companies by Platts as of 2016 (Reliance Indusrties Limited, 2021).
Reliance Shareholders

The number of share of Reliance Industries are approximately 310 crores (3.1 billion) and plays
a major role in the Reliance industries (Reliance Indusrties Limited, 2021). The Ambani family
only holds 46.32% of the total shares whereas the remaining 53.68% shares are held by public
shareholders including FII and corporate bodies. The life Insurance Corporations of India is the
largest non-promoter investor in the company with 7.98% shareholding.

 Major Subsidiaries of Reliance Industries:

1. Jio Platforms Limited

2. Reliance Retail

3. Reliance Life Science

4. Reliance Logistics

5. Reliance Clinical Research Services (RCRS)

6. Reliance Solar

7. Network 18

8. Relicord

9. Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited

10. Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited

11. Reliance Eros Productions LLP

12. LYF

Corporate social Responsibility of RIL

The Corporate Social Responsibility activities of Reliance Industries Limited are carried out in
India through Reliance Foundation by Nita M. Ambani. The foundation was founded in 2010 and
had a comprehensive approach towards the development of India. The Foundation addresses
some of India’s most pressing development challenges in the fields of Rural Transformation,
Health, and Education, Sports for Development, Disaster Response, Arts, Culture & Heritage
and Urban.
Reliance directly engages with the community to bring about long term sustainable change in the
lives of the people. Reliance Foundation understands the needs, plans, and implements the
programs and measures the impact that they have created.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is referred to as the business responsibility and an

organization s actions on environmental, social, ethical and economic issues of its surroundings.
It is usually described in terms of a company considering, managing and balancing the economic,
social and environmental impacts of its activities. A business organization cannot work in
isolation and the extent to which a business organization should consider the environmental,
ethical and social issues in its working foregoing a part of its profit for the betterment of the
society as a whole, the constituents of which are its employees, environment, moral and ethical
issues.

CSR activities are a critical part of the business strategy today and this assumes particular
importance in India, since we are the first country to have legislated the need to undertake CSR
spending and make CSR reporting mandatory under the Companies Act 2013. It has been two
years since reporting of CSR activity was made obligatory. FICCI conducted a survey to
understand how with the execution of this law, companies are integrating CSR reporting into
their mainstream business practices. Survey seeks to provide some useful insights in to the level
of engagement of management in CSR implementation, the spending portfolio of companies and
their strategies towards project implementation.

B. Project Title

A study on Corporate Social Responsibility of Reliance Industries Limited in General Business

C. Different objectives behind conducting this project

o Primary objectives
 To develop insight in CSR practices of Reliance Industries Ltd
 To study the strategic approach towards the sustainable society by the
company
 To understand the concept and scope of corporate social responsibility.
 To develop an understanding of concept of CSR
 To provide suggestions for accelerating CSR initiatives
 To study the challenges faced by CSR in India

ii. Secondary objectives

Role of reliance industries towards corporate sustainability

Company’s financial performance and CSR spending
To understand the policies governing CSR
 D. Hypothesis Statement

Hypothesis statement related to statement of prediction. In other words the hypothesis statement
is predicting the relationship between variables.

Customers are loyal towards Reliance products & they will give the advantage of
decreased cost of advertising.
Reliance membership will enhance the amount of purchase from Reliance Ltd.

E. Why you have chosen this company & this project

The Reliance Industries is the best example to support the CSR activities. Reliance Foundation,
in partnership with these organizations, leverages the capability of Reliance Industries and hence
supports communities and resolves critical issues that are physically untouched through direct
interventions. I have selected this project to support the statement that “that the company works
for the people and support the society.”

F. Location (Address)

Mumbai Airoli

G. Duration of the project

2 Months

H. How did you carry out this project? (Summary)

The methodology of the study includes only the secondary data which is collected from
different sources like annual reports published by the company, articles published in newspapers,
journals, textbooks, internet sources, different academic websites and research papers
published in online journals etc. The hypotheses are framed to analyze the significant
correlation between the company’s’ financial performance and CSR spending in seven financial
years. For analyzing the correlation Analysis between CSR spending and sales revenue, net
profit, & total assets the correlation coefficient technique is used. The financial reports from
2010-11 to 2016-17 collected from company annual reports published on the company website
and also information accessed from moneycontrol.com website.
Chapter 02 - THEREOTICAL BACKGROUND

A. Project information

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been widely discussed in RIL. The company has been
actively contributing to the environment in various ways. Corporate Social Responsibility is a
concept that is defined in various ways RIL integrate social and Environmental concerns in their
business processes and in their interaction with their Stakeholders on a voluntary basis. On year
the company plans to improve their resources towards the public. One key way of looking at
developments in CSR, is that Reliance industries form part of developing a modern enterprise in
a competitive environment. RIL ‘follows the current’ and improves its level of Corporate Social
Responsibility towards the society. Not doing so reflects ‘managerial slack’, and will
subsequently result in firm closure.

A complex set of social preferences and market imperfections motivate CSR. At the same time,
the evidence of the effects of CSR on firm performance and labor compensation is mixed at best.
First, CSR is found to increase firm profits and improve general firm performance if it enables

o Lower production (environmental) costs;

o Product variation through price refinement mechanisms working in favor of the
socially responsible firm; or
o Modernization both in terms of managerial processes as well as technological
upgrading.

B. Application of different relative marketing concepts & link their correlation with
your project like

1. Market segmentation

Market Segmentation involves increasing market share within existing market segments. This
can be achieved by selling more products and services to established customers or by finding
new customers within existing markets. With this approach, the company is trying to sell more of
the same products to the existing customers. The segmentation step is initially a kind of brain
storming activity. Company has to list out its potential market segments for which they could
target it in marketing campaign. Once again segmentation is sub divided into geographic
segmentation, demographic, physiological and behavioral.
There are various ways that company identifies to enter the market mainly by advertising and
launch special promotion offers during the festive season. Reliance industries tried infiltrate in
market by the concept of Pan-India. This concept of Pan- India distribution channel of more than
1 Million retailers and quickly growing base of Reliance JIO Points and Reliance Retail Digital
outlets also with continuous enablement of various distribution channels through latest platforms
and services RIL holds the largest Distribution and Service Network in the country.

2. Target marketing

Target marketing targeting is the process which come after the segmentation of market. This is
the moment when company has to decide for which segment they are producing products, they
need to identify their customers. Basically this is a marketing strategy that involves focusing on a
specific group of potential consumers to whom RIL wants to sell its products and services. This
group also includes specific customers to whom a company directs its marketing efforts. A target
market is one part of the total market for a good or service. This strategy can also be classified as
the end consumer to which the company wants to sell its end products too. Target marketing
involves breaking down the entire market into numerous segments and planning marketing
tactics accordingly for each segment to increase the market share.

RIL believes that following target marketing is one of their best strategy because – the
consumers who make up a target market share similar characteristics including buying
geography, buying power, demographics, and incomes.

3. Marketing Strategies

A marketing strategy refers to a business's overall game plan for reaching prospective consumers
and turning them into customers of their products or services. Reliance Industries has a strong
presence all across India. Reliance Retail is the largest retailer has more than 1500 stores across
India and other brands like Reliance Fresh, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Digital and Reliance
Trends have reached the Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities. Reliance Jio sim services are available across
major regions and its connectivity is also improved in recent months. A marketing strategy
contains the company’s value proposition, key brand messaging, data on target customer
demographics, and other high-level elements. A thorough marketing strategy covers "the four
Ps" of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion.

4. New product development

New product development is most probably the most critical function for RIL as they wish to be
in business for long term. The new product development requires vision and foresight as well as
ability to take risk. New product can be products that RIL has never made or sold before but
have been taken to market by others. Since the RIL has sub- industries, they have already
diversified into various segments. One other new product development observed by the company
- product innovations created and brought to the market for the first time. They may be
completely original products, or existing products that you have modified and improved. Product
development strategy of the company deals with the new product launch in the existing market
of the company. This strategy is effective for the company with strong position in market. The
companies can introduce a new version of the existing product or modify the existing product.

5. Market planning

Reliance Retail operates over 3,300 stores pan India with nearly 13 million square feet of retail
space and is growing rapidly, Reliance has become the largest retailer in the country.

This strategy entails finding new markets for existing products. Market research and further
segmentation of markets helps to identify new groups of customers. In this market planning the
Reliance Industries Ltd focuses the new markets, or new areas of the market. Since RIL is
diversified into various segments following are few plans that the company manages to practice

 Target different geographical markets at home or abroad.

 Use different sales channels, such as online or direct sales if you are currently selling
through the trade.

 Target different groups of people, perhaps with different age groups, genders or
demographic profiles from your normal customers

6. Customer relationship management

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) activities enable an organization to influence a

target audience. It is a publicity about the information about firm’s product and services carried
out by a third party in an indirect way. Example: a campaign to encourage business to donate
computers to schools, donating to hospitals, NGOs etc. this is a broad term and may include
various activities such as after sales service, development of new customers and markets. These
specific activities differ from the nature of product as well as type of distribution channel that
Reliance Industries Ltd follows. (Marketing Planning and organization, 2019)

7. Business ethics

I. We will demonstrate a proactive “Customer First” & a “Customer Delight” mind-set

Consistently.
II. We will act at all times to ensure Reliance remains the first choice for our customers.
III. We will actively listen to customer inputs to continuously improve our products,
Services and the customer experience.
IV. We will work proactively and go the extra mile to perpetually nurture and grow all
our customer relationships.
V. To delight our end customers best, we will serve our internal customers, equally well.

8. Supply chain management

The objective of Reliance Fresh is to make the entire value chain more effective, robust and
responsive. By approaching farmers directly, it thereby reduces the procurement wastage that
further paves the way for better returns to Indian farmers and wholesalers as well as it
renders greater value for the Indian consumers. In the first phase vegetables and fruits are
procured from the suppliers and wholesalers followed by processing, separating rotten ones
and finally packaging for sale. The objective of the Collection Centre is to buy fresh and
good quality of vegetables and fruits. The company can save the mandi charge through these
 practices. Figure 1 illustrates the farm-to-fork model of Reliance Fresh. Reliance started its
retail operations of Reliance Fresh store by following the supply chain model comprising of
procuring vegetables and fruits directly from the farmers and operating with moderate
margin.

9. Consumer behavior

Most of the customers preferred Reliance Fresh because it is more convenient and due to
reasonable price and very few preferred due to good services and other reasons.

Most of the customers agreed that they are aware of the entire FMCG product category available
in Reliance Fresh.

Most of the customer responded that there is quick service & demonstration of the product. And
least percentage of the respondents appealed for entertainment & window shopping.

Most of the customers felt that if preferred brand is not available in the store (Reliance Fresh)
then they will prefer some other store. And least percentage goes for another option.

Customers felt that the price of the products at reliance fresh were economic compared to its
competitors, very few felt it was expensive.

10. Finance

Reliance Industries Ltd has been publishing sustainability reports annually since FY 2004-05
based on the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) reporting guidelines. Reports published until
FY 2013-14 have been GRI checked with an ‘A+’ application level. RIL was among the first
companies to adopt the G4 guidelines and subsequently the GRI Standards. The Sustainability
Report for FY 2017-18 was prepared in accordance with the “Comprehensive” option of the new
Standards (including the Oil and Gas sector disclosures). The reports are externally assured as
per the reasonable assurance requirements of the ISAE 3000 standard and Type II High level
assurance using AA1000AS standards. RIL is also a member of World Business Council of
Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). WBCSD’s
“Reporting matters” 2015 and 2017 have recognized RIL’s sustainability report as a leading
example of the best practices.
a. Consolidated financial statement

b. Cash flow statement

A. The trailing twelve-month earnings per share (EPS) of the company stands at Rs
62.9, an decline from the EPS of Rs 67.2 recorded last year.

B. The price to earnings (P/E) ratio, at the current price of Rs 2,175.9, stands at 33.2
times its trailing twelve months earnings.
 C. The price to book value (P/BV) ratio at current price levels stands at 1.7 times,
while the price to sales ratio stands at 1.4 times.

D. The company's price to cash flow (P/CF) ratio stood at 21.3 times its end-of-year
operating cash flow earnings.

C. Ratio Analysis for RELIANCE IND.

I. Solvency Ratios

 Current Ratio: The company's current ratio deteriorated and stood at 0.6x during FY20,
from 0.7x during FY19. The current ratio measures the company's ability to pay short-
term and long-term obligations.

 Interest Coverage Ratio: The company's interest coverage ratio deteriorated and stood at
3.6x during FY20, from 4.3x during FY19. The interest coverage ratio of a company
states how easily a company can pay its interest expense on outstanding debt. A higher
ratio is preferable.

II. Profitability Ratios

 Return on Equity (ROE): The ROE for the company declined and down at 8.8% during
FY20, from 10.3% during FY20. The ROE measures the ability of a firm to generate
profits from its shareholders capital in the company.

 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE): The ROCE for the company declined and down
at 11.6% during FY20, from 12.1% during FY19. The ROCE measures the ability of a
firm to generate profits from its total capital (shareholder capital plus debt capital)
employed in the company.

 Return on Assets (ROA): The ROA of the company declined and down at 5.3% during
FY20, from 5.6% during FY19. The ROA measures how efficiently the company uses its
assets to generate earnings.
c. Share Price Performance

Over the last one year, RELIANCE IND. share price has moved up from Rs 1,143.0 to Rs
2,175.9, registering a gain of Rs 1,032.9 or around 90.4%. Meanwhile, the S&P BSE OIL &
GAS Index is trading at Rs 13,259.2 (up 1.0%). Over the last one year it has moved up from
12,810.9 to 13,259.2, a gain of 448 points (up 3.5%).

Overall, the S&P BSE SENSEX is up 3.9% over the year.

D. Scope of the project of CSR towards Reliance Industries Ltd.

According to the companies act, firms with a net worth of ₹500 crores or more, or turnover of
₹1,000 crores or more or net profit of ₹5 crores or more, are required to spend 2% of average net
profit of the preceding three years on corporate social responsibility activities.

These include initiatives that would have a social, economic and environmental impact or a way
to give back to the society, such as promoting gender equality, empowering women, promoting
education, eradicating hunger, poverty, malnutrition, rural development projects, conserving
natural resources, among others.

Apart from these causes, till now, companies were also allowed to provide CSR funds to
technology incubators located within Centre-approved academic institutions.

As a result of this, the companies can now contribute towards research across various fields such
as science, technology, medicine. Besides, CSR fund can be spent on incubators funded by the
Centre or state or any state-owned companies. This is expected to attract more funds for research
and development in the country.
Chapter 03 - COMPANY PROFILE

A. Complete name of the company

Reliance Industries Limited

B. Mission statement, vision, slogan, Logo

 Vision and Mission

The vision and mission statement of reliance industries various from their industry
sector. Following is the vision and mission statement of Reliance Power.

 To attain global best practices and become a leading power generating company.

 To achieve excellence in project execution, quality, reliability, safety and operational

efficiency.

 To relentlessly pursue new opportunities, capitalizing on synergies in the power

generation sector.

 To consistently enhance our competitiveness and deliver profitable growth.

 To practice highest standards of corporate governance and be a financially sound

company.

 To be a responsible corporate citizen nurturing human values and concern for society.

 Slogan
Growth is Life
C. Organization chart
Organizational structure of the company is multi-divisional structure whereby every
project undertaken by the company is managed by different groups having their own
management team for each project such that within multi-divisional structure there is sub-
hierarchical organizational structure for each project. Existence of teamwork among the
members and as well as in some situation there exist democratic form of decision
making. Top management level makes strategic decisions for welfare of the business and
lower level implements the decisions made. Given below is the organizational structure
of the Reliance Industries Limited.
D. Location Product range & variety
E. List of competitors
I identified the following major competitors for RIL
1. TATA
2. Adani
3. Aditya Birla

F. Branches & offices

Head Office: Nariman Point, Mumbai, Maharashtra India

a. Mumbai

b. Nagpur

c. Ahmedabad

d. Telangana

e. Surat
 G. SWOT analysis

SWOT analysis
Below are the Strengths in the SWOT Analysis of Reliance Industries Limited:

1) Strength
1. Strong brand name of Reliance Industries
2. Excellent financial position and strong profitability
3. One of the few Indian companies to be featured in Forbes
4. Employs over 25,000 people
5. The company has business spread across petrol, energy, retail, telecom etc
6. Strong advertising and marketing through TVCs, print, online ads, billboards etc
7. Reliance Industries has been recognized through several awards
8. Strong focus towards holistic growth and also involvement in CSR activities

2) Weakness
1. Reliance Industries and ONGC had issues regarding the Krishna Godavari basin exploration
2. Intense competition means limited market share growth.

3) Opportunities
1. New Plants: RIL has commissioned a few new plants recently, for instance, PET resin
plant and Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) plant at Dahej, Gujarat. Expanding its
operations facilities will further increase production and strengthen RIL’s position in the
market.
2. Investing in attractive international oil and gas destinations: In 2015, RIL won the bid for
Myanmar Offshore block with 96% interest. RIL should continue making such
investments to expand its operations globally.
3. New offers in Reliance Jio: Mukesh Ambani’s pet project Reliance Jio has already
become one of the nation’s largest telecom networks. Reliance Jio needs to bring out new
offers and a retention policy to retain the customers who might as well drop Jio for
another offer from other telecom giants

4) Threats
1. Government regulations and strict guidelines can disrupt operations
2. High Competition can reduce Reliance Industries' market share
3. Environmental laws and NGOs against oil exploration can affect business
4. Economic instability and recession can decline margins and fuel prices
Chapter – 04 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. What is Research?

Research is defined as careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem

using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “research is
a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It
involves inductive and deductive methods.
The purpose of research is to enhance society by advancing knowledge through the
development of scientific theories, concepts and ideas. A research purpose is met through
forming hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing results, forming conclusions, implementing
findings into real-life applications and forming new research questions.

B. Type of research your project concern with?

Primary and secondary
 Primary Research
It was obtained from the original source of information. The primary data were more reliable and
have more confidence level of decision-making with the trusted analysis having direct intact with
occurrence of the events. The primary data sources are industries’ working environment (through
observation, pictures, and photograph) and industry employees (management and bottom
workers) (interview, questionnaires and discussions).

 Secondary Research
Desk review has been conducted to collect data from various secondary sources. This includes
reports and project documents at each manufacturing sectors (more on medium and large level).
Secondary data sources have been obtained from literatures regarding OSH, and the remaining
data were from the companies’ manuals, reports, and some management documents which were
included under the desk review. Reputable journals, books, different articles, periodicals,
proceedings, magazines, newsletters, newspapers, websites, and other sources were considered
on the manufacturing industrial sectors. The data also obtained from the existing working
documents, manuals, procedures, reports, statistical data, policies, regulations, and standards
were taken into account for the review.
Secondary research involves the searching of existing data that was originally searched by
someone else. This type of research is usually done while redevelopment of a product or
redevelopment of market or understanding the new market.
The reason why secondary research is used is that it gives the organization a brief awareness and
understanding about the customers and also the market as a whole. To be more told about it can
be understanding the buying patterns of the product, knowing about the status of the different
product.
Secondary research is also a cost effective option and also saves lot of expenses incurred.

C. Scope of the project

The social responsibility services were categorized and selected on evaluating the needs of needy
and relative risk. The scope of the project is mainly concentrated on the different types of Social
Responsibility carried out by Reliance Industries Ltd.
i. Area of operations (recovery dept.)
ii. Location, area covered, sample size, product range etc.

D. Different sources & methods of data collection

Broadly speaking, the data gathered by secondary market research can be divided into two fields:
internal data and external data.

 Questionnaires
Questionnaires are a good way to obtain information from a large number of people and/or
people who may not have the time to attend an interview or take part in experiments. They
enable people to take their time, think about it and come back to the questionnaire later.
Participants can state their views or feelings privately without worrying about the possible
reaction of the researcher. Unfortunately, some people may still be inclined to try to give socially
acceptable answers. People should be encouraged to answer the questions as honestly as possible
so as to avoid the researchers drawing false conclusions from their study.

 Surveys
Surveys involve collecting information, usually from fairly large groups of people, by means of
questionnaires but other techniques such as interviews or telephoning may also be used. There
are different types of survey. The most straightforward type (the “one shot survey”) is
administered to a sample of people at a set point in time. Another type is the “before and after
survey” which people complete before a major event or experience and then again afterwards.

 Interviews
Interviews are usually carried out in person i.e. face-to-face but can also be administered by
telephone or using more advance computer technology such as Skype. Sometimes they are held
in the interviewee’s home, sometimes at a more neutral place. It is important for interviewees to
decide whether they are comfortable about inviting the researcher into their home and whether
they have a room or area where they can speak freely without disturbing other members of the
household.

 Commercial information sources

Local newspapers, journals, magazines, radio, and TV stations are a great source to obtain data
for secondary quantitative research. These commercial information sources have in-depth, first-
hand information on economic developments, political agenda, market research, demographic
segmentation, and similar subjects.

E. What is meant by Primary data & secondary data? Which are their sources in
concern with your project?

 Primary DATA
Primary data is the data that collected for the first time without any reference to others that been
already researched. This research involves finding out of new information. An advantage of
primary data is that it is specifically tailored to your research needs. A disadvantage is that it is
expensive to obtain. In other sense primary research consists of collection of original primary
data collected by the researcher. Disadvantage of primary research is it is very expensive and
time consuming it needs lot of development and exaction of research plan. There shall be
chances of low response rate.
There are different types of primary research for example:

1. Observations:
2. Surveys
3. Experiments
4. Group discussions
  Secondary DATA
Secondary research involves the summary, collection and synthesis of existing research rather
than primary research. In other words secondary data is data that already exists and has been
collected by someone else for another purpose. Secondary research involves the investigation of
secondary sources of data. The advantage of secondary research is it saves time and gives
estimated plan or data to proceed with work, eventually saves time and money. Serves a basis of
comparison for other data. But like a coin it too has a disadvantage secondary data terms to be
outdated, it does not give appropriate data. It may not answer the exact question of research
problem.
There are two types of secondary data:
 Internal Data
This usually comprises a company’s findings from previous market research projects, either for a
different client of the same company, or within another of its departments. Well-kept and
properly organized internal data can provide a massive boost to a company’s marketing activity,
enabling them to apply the same intelligence to a multitude of projects, and reducing the time
and expense of commissioning further research. Listed below are few types of internal data
sources

1. Financial statement
2. Research reports
3. Customer letters
4. Sales call reports

 External data
This refers to the secondary market research data obtained from the research of an external
organization – often a competitor, though it may also come from banks, media representatives,
wholesalers and manufacturers. As such, it needs to be handled with care, and with due
consideration of how it relates to the particular characteristics of the product, company and
market to which it is applied. Following are different types of external data sources

1. Government census report

2. Trade associations studies
 3. Magazines
4. Internet base report

 Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is a method of inquiry employed in many different academic disciplines,
traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research by the business sector and further
contexts including research and service demonstrations by the non-profit sectors.
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or
audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights
into a problem or generate new ideas for research.
Qualitative research is the opposite of quantitative research, which involves collecting and
analyzing numerical data for statistical analysis. Qualitative research is commonly used in the
humanities and social sciences, in subjects such as anthropology, sociology, education, health
sciences, history, etc.

 Quantitative Research:
Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via
statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. (Lisa M. (2008) Quantitative research is
widely used in psychology, economics, sociology, marketing, community health, health &
human development, gender and political science, and less frequently in anthropology and
history.

 Government and non-government sources

Secondary quantitative research can also be conducted with the help of government and non-
government sources that deal with market research reports. This data is highly reliable and in-
depth and hence, can be used to increase the validity of quantitative research design.
F. Sample size calculation
G. Different sampling techniques & their selection of proper one for your project.
H. Designing a questionnaire in proper way
I. Sealing techniques
J. Selection of proper data analysis methods or techniques
Data analysis or techniques means a process of cleaning, transforming and modeling data to
discover useful information for business decision-making. The purpose of data analysis is to
make your entire organization more informed and intelligent, and with the right platform or
dashboard. Data analysis is perhaps the most important component of research. Weak analysis
produces inaccurate results that not only hamper the authenticity of the research but also make
the findings unusable. It’s imperative to choose your data analysis methods carefully to ensure
that your findings are insightful and actionable.

i. Predictive analysis
Predictive analysis uses historical data and feds it into the machine learning model to find critical
patterns and trends. The model is applied to the current data to predict what would happen next.
Many organizations prefer it because of its various advantages like volume and type of data,
faster and cheaper computers, easy-to-use software, tighter economic conditions, and a need for
competitive differentiation.

The following are the common uses of predictive analysis:

a. Fraud Detection: Multiple analytics methods improves pattern detection and

prevents criminal behavior.
b. Optimizing Marketing Campaigns: Predictive models help businesses attract,
retain, and grow their most profitable customers. It also helps in determining
customer responses or purchases, promoting cross-sell opportunities.
c. Improving Operations: The use of predictive models also involves forecasting
inventory and managing resources. For example, airlines use predictive models
to set ticket prices.
d. Reducing Risk: Credit score that is used to assess a buyer’s likelihood of default
for purchases is generated by a predictive model that incorporates all data
relevant to a person’s creditworthiness. Other risk-related uses include
insurance claims and collections.
ii. Prescriptive Analysis
Prescriptive analytics suggests various courses of action and outlines what the potential
implications could be reached after predictive analysis. Prescriptive analysis generating
automated decisions or recommendations requires specific and unique algorithmic and clear
direction from those utilizing the analytical techniques.
 iii. Techniques based on Visualization and Graphs
a. Column Chart, Bar Chart: Both these charts are used to present numerical
differences between categories. The column chart takes to the height of the
columns to reflect the differences. Axes interchange in the case of the bar chart.
b. Line Chart: This chart is used to represent the change of data over a continuous
interval of time.
c. Area Chart: This concept is based on the line chart. It additionally fills the area
between the polyline and the axis with color, thus representing better trend
information.
d. Pie Chart: It is used to represent the proportion of different classifications. It is
only suitable for only one series of data. However, it can be made multi-layered
to represent the proportion of data in different categories.
e. Funnel Chart: This chart represents the proportion of each stage and reflects
the size of each module. It helps in comparing rankings.
K. Make necessary assumptions here at this stage if required.
L. Limitations of the Project-
1. Clashing of business objectives
It is a well-established fact that the main aim of a business organization is to create profits, which
is why it produces various products and services to the customers, in order to be able to gain
profits. Corporate Social Responsibility requires the corporations to keep the interests of the
people into consideration which can cause a conflict in the business objectives of the corporation
while making important decisions. For example, whether or not to buy a land that is beneficial
for the business needs, but such buying will not be beneficial for the people living around that
land.
2. Interests of the shareholders
We discussed above that when a corporation has to embed CSR in their operations, the costs of
operations tend to increase and such costs are obviously paid by the funds of the shareholders
which is why this point is often raised that the interests of the shareholders of an establishment
face disadvantage when the practices of Corporate Social Responsibility are embedded in the
system of the organization.

3. Increase in Cost of Production

CSR programs lead to an extra cost to the company. The increment in cost forces the company to
increase the basic price of the product, which is ultimately paid by the customer. This is an extra
burden on the company, which is being imposed to customers. Big companies or business leaders
can easily afford such increased costs and may not increase the prices of the products. However,
the small players are forced to increase the prices, as they simply cannot afford this increased
cost. They are already struggling to fight against the big players in the market and these
increased prices make it even more difficult for them.

4. Limitations while conducting the survey and projects

 Time constraint- there was just 2 months of time frame given to us to conduct
the entire survey
 Since our reach was for industry experience employees, Respondents were busy
to respond to our survey
 We also notice the Reponses were very diplomatic and biased, hence it was
difficult for interpretation and find the exact conclusion
 Chapter – 05
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

A. Heading
Corporate Social Responsibility Survey
B. Tabulation of information

Count of Count of
Count of Do Count of Are Count of
What are Count of Count of How often
Count of Is you intend to your CSR Count of What is your Count of Do
important for Count of Is Typical How does the
Count of impact of use the projects Main level of you have
companies to Count of the CEO a duration of a important is Committee
Occupation / your CSR outcome of aligned with motivational knowledge independent
Age Gender get involved Experience member of CSR project it to you that meet to
Industry activities the audits Government' factor for regarding the Directors in
in CSR Level CSR initiated by companies review the
sector ? audited by a CSR project s undertaking term your CSR
activities in Committee ? your operate on a progress of
third party ? implementat developmen CSR activity corporate Committee ?
your opinion Company socially. your CSR
ion ? t initiatives social ?
? projects ?

18 - 25 Female 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
18 - 25 Male 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
25 - 35 Female 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
25 - 35 Male 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
45 - 55 Female 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C. Diagrammatic Representation:
I. Gender

II. Age of respondents

III. Experience level

IV. Occupation/ industry sector

V. What is your level of knowledge regarding the term corporate social responsibility?

VI. How important is it to you that companies operate on a socially?

VII. Do you have independent directors in your CSR committee?

VIII. Is the CEO a member of CSR Committee?

IX. How often does the committee meet to review the progress of your CSR Projects?
 X. Typical duration of a CSR Project initiated in your company?

XI. Main motivational factor for undertaking CSR activity

XII. What factors are important for companies to get involved in CSR activities in your
opinion?

XIII. Are your CSR activities aligned with government’s Development initiatives
XIV. Do you intend to use the outcome of the audits of CSR project implementation?

XV. Is the impact of your CSR activities audited by third party?

D. Interpretation:
The above conducted survey targeted different gender, age group, industry sector as well the
experience level of employees responding. The survey form was targeted for three different age
groups
(i) 18 – 25
(ii) 25 – 35
(iii)45 - 55

The survey was further open to genders and we received responses form male and female.
Fortunately re received equal responses from both 50% male and female respectively. Out of the
above sampling we noticed that 77.3% of responses from the age group of 18-25, followed by
18.2% between 25-35 age group. The least responses were received from the age group of 45
and above.
The above interpretations stats that around 84.4% of responses were with the 2-3 years’
experience level. 9.1% reply was by 3-5 year experience and fewer responses were by 20 +
experiences.
Since the sampling was industry bound a lot of responses were from IT sector, finance,
production, automobile engineering and graphic designing.
In addition to this 45.5% of respondents have basic understanding regarding the term corporate
social responsibility. Of about 40.9% of people are familiar with the concept of Corporate Social
Responsibility. 9.1% of targeted audiences responded that they have no understanding or zero
knowledge about CSR. Remaining 4.5 % have just come across the CSR but do not have proper
understanding.
While asked on importance of company operating socially, the highest responses were for
“important” and very important by 40.9% audience. 18% for somewhat important.
A majority 63.6% of the companies participating in the survey reported that they have an
independent director as a part of their CSR Committee. Further, half of the respondents indicated
they do not have independent director on board.
The maximum responders were “YES” approaching 86.4% indicating that the CEO is a member
of the CSR Committee. The minimum 13.6% replied that their CEO is not a member.
36.4% of company representative stated that they meet to review the progress of your CSR
Projects half yearly on the other hand 27.3% responded that meet quarterly. Followed by 18.2%
with yearly and 13.6% every two months. The least responses received were for every four
month.
A large number of 68.2% the respondents said that the typical duration of a CSR project is less
than 5 years. Further, 31.8% indicated that it takes more than 5 years to complete a project.
Understanding the motivational factors behind CSR activity is important. While studies indicate
CSR activities earlier were mostly reactive in nature driven primarily by the objective of risk
mitigation, however this has changed in the current context. At present, the key motivational
factors can be divided into economic and ethical considerations.
In addition to this of 59.1% of the respondents participating in the survey indicated to help the
society an environment. 22.7% of them stated to CSR is important to attract the customers.
Companies are increasingly looking at integrating their businesses with the community to create
shared value. About 13.6% of the respondents in the present survey stated to attract employees
and the least to increase the income by 4.5%
Further, in this survey a significant 77.3% of the respondents reported that their CSR projects are
aligned with the Government’s development initiatives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Digital
India, National Health Mission, MGNREGA, etc. however remaining 22.7% companies CSR
activities do not aligned with government’s Development initiatives
90.9% of targeted industry sector indicated that intend to use the outcome of the audits of CSR
project implementation while 36.4% refused to use the outcome of the audits of CSR project
implementation.
Chapter - 06 Problems & Challenges

A. Declining refining margins

For Reliance Industries Ltd, the major concern stems from the recent underperformance of its
refining business. Hit by volatile crude prices and trade wars, Reliance Industries Ltd.’s refining
margins have consistently been declining for the past seven quarters. The refining margin of
Reliance Industries Ltd has fallen to $8.2 a barrel in Q4FY19, registering a slip for the sixth
straight quarter. In this situation, Reliance Industries Ltd.’s talks about selling 25% of its stake to
Saudi Aramco fits in. In 2011, when production had depleted, Reliance Industries Ltd had sold
30% of its hydrocarbon assets to British giant BP Plc for $7 billion which is 51,000 crore.

Reliance Industries Ltd.’s crude sourcing strategy has negatively impacted its petrochemical
business, with very high crude payable days at 121 days. This is because Reliance Industries Ltd
has historically bought oil from Iran and Venezuela, which have come under US sanctions
The new deal would help Reliance Industries Ltd secure its supplies while Aramco gets to enter a
new market like India, even as the US cuts down its dependence on Saudi Arabia for oil. After
the announcement of this deal, Reliance Industries Ltd.’s stock rose by nearly 46%. Although
Aramco has had plans for over a year now to set up a refinery in Maharashtra’s Ratnagiri in a tie-
up with Indian PSU refiners, the project is yet to take off. There are concerns about how and
whether Saudi Aramco will stay committed to the mega Ratnagiri refinery project, while
simultaneously showing interest in Reliance Industries refining and petrochemicals business.

B. Optimistic plans for the Future of RIL

Keeping this negative report and addressing investor concerns, Mukesh Ambani, chairman of
Reliance Industries Ltd made several optimistic pronouncements about the future of the company
at its 42nd annual general meeting (AGM) in Mumbai on August 12, 2019. Primarily, he focused
on the plan to sell a 20% stake in its oil and petrochemicals business to Saudi Aramco for an
enterprise value of $75 billion or around Rs 5.3 lakh crore. Saudi Aramco will also supply
500,000 barrels per day of crude oil on a long-term basis to Reliance Industries Ltd.’s Jamnagar
refinery. The 20% stake sale is likely to fetch Reliance Industries Ltd $15 billion or around Rs 1
lakh crore.
Chapter – 07 FINDINGS
The main objective of above survey was that to understand that CSR is a critical aspect followed
by company. Corporate Social Responsibility activities are a part of the business strategy today
and this assumes particular importance in India, since we are the first country to have legislated
the need to undertake CSR spending and make CSR reporting mandatory under the Companies
Act 2013. It has been two years since reporting of CSR activity was made obligatory.
One of the most challenging aspects of developing a unified theory of CSR is that studies of this
phenomenon have been conducted at numerous levels of aggregation: individual actor (manager
or employee), organization, industry, nation, region, and global. Each of these levels of analysis
is represented in this volume.
The contemporary businesses have the potential to make a difference at the ground level and this
possibility should be leveraged earnestly. A business can be sustainable only when it sees itself
as an integral part of the broader community. Adhering to the concept of triple bottom line of
3Ps- People, Profit and Planet – can be the only way forward for companies.
The above survey indicates that companies use CSR for various proposes to fulfill the
expectations of society. A majority of the respondents participating in the survey indicated that
Companies are increasingly looking at integrating their businesses with the community to create
shared value.
Moreover, the Corporate Social Responsibility is related to Environment protection, Labour
Security, Human Rights, Community Involvement, Business Standard, Enterprise and economic
development, Health promotion, Education and leadership development Human Disaster relief.
According to the Clause 135 of the Companies Act 2013, a company is expected to appoint a
CSR Committee of three or more directors, with at least one independent director on board. A
majority 63.6% of the companies participating in the survey indicated that they have an
independent director on board.
The findings from the survey indicate that the respondents pointed out that they undertake
project implementation through their company foundations or directly; and the focus is clearly
on community representation in implementation of project.
As stated in above survey charts and interpretations a large number of 68.2% the respondents
said that the typical duration of a CSR project is less than 5 years. Further, 31.8% indicated that
it takes more than 5 years to complete a project.
Chapter – 08 – SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Below are few suggestion for the CSR activities after interpretation data and findings
1) Establish a social mission
It is very important for a company to establish a social mission Corporate Social Responsibility
is to get involved in ways that will help to align with company’s mission as well as vision
statements. This approach will just no make CSR easier, but also will help avoid “green
washing” or the act of volunteering and doing better only for the Public Relations picture.

2) Adopt a business code of ethics

Each business need to understand and operate ethically even for their Social activities. Code of
ethics will outline employee conduct on issues such as ethics, values, environment, diversity, and
employee respect and customer service. These days a lot of businessmen are trying to choose one
step further by changing their governance document to include their commitment to social and
environmental goals.

3) Develop CSR initiatives that make your employees proud

While understanding the employees choice and their contribution to company and company’s
CSR activities will make the company more strong and to protect and grow their biggest asset—
their employees. Seventy-six percent of millennials consider a company’s social and
environmental commitments when deciding where to work and 64% would not take a job if a
potential employer didn’t have strong corporate social responsibility practices in place. These
initiatives can range from paid time off for volunteering to company-wide days of service to
skills-based virtual volunteering opportunities.

4) Increased in Brand awareness

Increased brand awareness and recognition: A company’s active involvement in and
commitment to CSR can help keep it top of mind for current and prospective customers as well
as employees.

5) Encourage the entire company

It is very important for a company and management of company to get involved the entire office
to participate in Corporate Social Responsibility. One of the way could be to have an in-house
social responsibility committee can also be incredibly useful for motivating others to get
involved. This committee would set aside time to collect ideas and work together to find the best
ways to impact the community positively.
6) Follow a workplace health and safety program
Creating a clear workplace health and safety program will help you establish reliable systems to
protect your employees and prevent accidents and injuries. It will also ensure you are compliant
with government legislation on health and safety.

7) Explore B Corp certification

The very much trending with many public and society-minded entrepreneurs are choosing to get
B Corp certified. B Corps are certified “beneficial” companies. Their purpose is to create value
for society as well as money. They meet high standards of transparency and accountability, and
create positive social and environmental benefit.
Chapter – 09 - CONCLUSION
Corporate social responsibility is not just a concept. Successful companies everywhere are doing
their part to give back to society and still do better. Those tips can help guide your company
along the way to triumph and a healthier community for everyone.
Although we are aware that CSR is fundamentally a political issue, we can conceive politics as a
struggle about who gets what, when, and how. The monetary terms, finance is involved which
may be the profit after tax or before tax or shares. Along with these other costs, CSR also has a
payoff for firms. CSR has been introduced all across the world but different countries have
different ways of their application. In addition to this, in Reliance industries as well as Indian
based/ Indian companies, the 2% CSR is to be computed as 2% of the average net profits made
by the company during the last three financial years.
In the developing countries like India many multinational companies have been the major
driving force for the recent surge in CSR activities in these developing nations. Also while
studying the Corporate Social Responsibility of Reliance Industries, it was understood that
Philanthropy and CSR are not a new concept for India or Indian Companies. CSR in India has
traditionally been seen as a philanthropic activity, which was more of a kind of voluntary spend
rather than a statutory obligation under any of the statutes.
CSR is completed interrelated with the entire company’s values, mission and vision. This also
includes aspects such as Public Relations and Brand loyalty, customer brand ambassadorship and
revenue are all direct results of this philosophy. Hence the agenda of Corporate Social
Responsibility needs to be locally owned if it is to make a significant contribution to local
development priorities – and it must be relevant to local enterprises, whether large or small.
CSR encourages businesses accountability to a wide range of the stakeholders, shareholders, and
investors. The keys are of concerns are the environment protection, and the social wellbeing of
people in society, both now and in the future. CSR has a variety of policies such as giving to
organization, providing products and services to consumers, reducing harmful waste, and treating
their employees with moral ethics.
The concept of CSR is the best thing that was implemented into businesses for both large and
small, in this was the environment and society can be treated the way it supposed to, with
respect. CSR is something that everyone can benefit from, when businesses adopt the policy.
Other than the specified activities, the Government may prescribe any other activity which it
thinks proper to be included within the ambit of CSR projects.
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