JIU/REP/2011/2

TRANSPARENCY IN THE SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF SENIOR MANAGERS IN THE UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT

Prepared by

M. Deborah Wynes Mohamed Mounir Zahran

Joint Inspection Unit Geneva 2011

United Nations

JIU/REP/2011/2 Original: ENGLISH

TRANSPARENCY IN THE SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF SENIOR MANAGERS IN THE UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT

Prepared by

M. Deborah Wynes Mohamed Mounir Zahran

Joint Inspection Unit

United Nations, Geneva 2011

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat JIU/REP/2011/2

The report was prepared pursuant to paragraph 19 of General Assembly resolution 64/259, Towards an accountability system in the United Nations Secretariat, and will be submitted to the General Assembly at the main part of its sixty-sixth session. The objective of the study was to review the effectiveness, coherence, timeliness and transparency of the current selection and appointment processes of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat and provide recommendations leading to enhanced transparency. For the purpose of this report, senior managers are defined as the Deputy Secretary-General, Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General; the scope is limited to the United Nations Secretariat. Main findings and conclusions Member States are familiar with the process as outlined in the Secretary-Generals report on accountability (A/64/640) and for the most part, no major concerns were expressed with the description of the process itself. The concern is with the implementation of the process, which is seen as opaque, raising many questions as to how the process actually works. Both the Member States and the Inspectors recognize the explicit discretionary power of the Secretary-General in making senior manager appointments, but the Inspectors believe discretionary authority does not mean that the Secretary-General has carte blanche to avoid the process that he has established; discretionary authority should not be used as an excuse to avoid transparency in that process. The challenge is to strike a balance between providing enough information to Member States so they are confident that the process is open, fair and transparent without compromising the privacy of the candidates and jeopardizing the confidentiality of the deliberative process of either the interview panels or the Secretary-General himself. The Inspectors believe that vacancy announcements should be issued for all positions, except for special envoys and personal advisers, as soon as it is known that a vacancy will arise. Notes verbale transmitting vacancy announcements for every position should be sent to all Member States and all United Nations agencies, funds and programmes with at least one months notice. Frequently, Member States will nominate a candidate whose qualifications may not be suitable for a particular vacancy. The Inspectors are convinced that merit should be the primary criteria in the selection of senior managers and that Member States are responsible for putting forward fully qualified candidates for the Secretary-General to consider. A website should be set up to convey information on senior appointments to Member States and potential candidates.

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The Inspectors found that interview panel members, who are the most senior officials in the Organization, spend their time on basic screening of candidates and that detailed reference checks are not performed. Basic screening to filter out candidates who do not satisfy mandatory eligibility criteria should be performed by OHRM or its equivalent. To avoid serious reputational risk to the Organization, once a short list is determined, all information provided by those candidates should be thoroughly vetted by OHRM or its equivalent, e.g., degrees, references, performance history, etc., before the interview panel forwards the list to the Secretary-General for decision. The Secretary-General recognizes the political realities that he must reflect in the Organization, but reportedly no position is reserved for any Member State. However, annex II shows that historically no Secretary-General has been immune to political pressure in this regard. The Inspectors believe that if all vacancies are announced and announcements are sent to all Member States and the United Nations funds and programmes, the requirements of paragraph 3 (e) in resolution 46/232, whereby the General Assembly decided that as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States, should be satisfied. For those positions where the United Nations General Assembly has decided that there be geographic rotation between the North and the South, in the Inspectors opinion candidacies should be sought only from the region whose turn it is to hold the position. For example, assuming that a current incumbent is from the North and a successor should be from the South, notes verbale with the vacancy announcement requesting nominations of candidates for the upcoming vacancy should be sent to the Member States from the South only, with information to the Member States from the North. Recommendations for consideration by the General Assembly The General Assembly should direct the Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) to set-up and maintain on a monthly basis a dedicated website which will convey specific information on senior appointments to Member States and potential candidates as described in paragraph 88 of this report. The General Assembly should endorse the guidelines in paragraph 87 (a) to (l) of this report and direct the Secretary-General to follow the guidelines in selecting and appointing senior managers in tandem with the process outlined in the SecretaryGenerals accountability report.

Contents
Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. ..................................................... ABBREVIATIONS. ................................................................... Chapter I. INTRODUCTION. ................................................................... II. ROLE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL .......................... III. MEMBER STATES CONCERNS......................................... IV. LEVELS AND FUNCTIONS OF SENIOR MANAGERS ... A. Definitions ........................................................................... B. Current selection and appointment processes ...................... V. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCESS(ES) VI. MEASURES TO ENHANCE TRANSPARENCY: GUIDELINES AND WEBSITE .............................................. VII. RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 87-88 89-91
Paragraphs

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1-10 11-14 15-18 19-45 21-35 36-45 46-86

1 3 4 5 5 7 12

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ANNEXES I. Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General as of 31 December 2010 ............................................................. II. Historical overview of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General or equivalent ranks...................... III. Overview of comments from the United Nations Secretariat on the JIU draft report ................................................................ IV. Overview on action to be taken on recommendations ................ 48 35 47 25

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Abbreviations
ACABQ ASG AU-UN BINUB BINUCA BNUB CMP CTED DESA DFS DGACM DM DPA DPI DPKO DR Congo DSG DSRSG DSS EOSG ERC FR Germany FT FYROM HC HR IAAP ICT JIU JMST MINURCAT MINURSO Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions Assistant Secretary-General African Union - United Nations United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic United Nations Office in Burundi Capital Master Plan Counter-terrorism Committee Executive Directorate Department of Economic and Social Affairs Department of Field Support Department for General Assembly and Conference Management Department of Management Department of Political Affairs Department of Public Information Department of Peacekeeping Operations Democratic Republic of the Congo Deputy Secretary-General Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General Department of Safety and Security Executive Office of the Secretary-General Emergency Relief Coordinator (OCHA) Federal Republic of Germany Fixed term Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Humanitarian Coordinator Human Resources Interagency Advisory Panel Information and Communications Technology Joint Inspection Unit Joint African Union - United Nations Mediation Support Team United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara

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MINUSTAH MONUSCO

United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

NGO OCHA OCSS OHCHR OHRLLS

Non-governmental organization United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Office of Central Support Services Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States

OHRM OIOS OPPBA OSRSG/CAAC

Office of Human Resources Management Office of Internal Oversight Services Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict

PBSO PRSG RB RC ROK RR SLAS SRSG UK UN Women UNAMA UNAMI UNAMID UNCTAD UNDG UNDOF UNEP UNFICYP UN-Habitat UNHCR

Peacebuilding Support Office Personal Representative of the Secretary-General Regular budget Resident Coordinator Republic of Korea Resident Representative (UNDP) Senior Leadership Appointments Section Special Representative of the Secretary-General United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Group United Nations Disengagement Observer Force United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus United Nations Human Settlements Programme United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

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UNIFIL UNIOSIL UNIPSIL UNMIK UNMIL UNMIS UNMIT UNOCI UNODC UNOG UNOGBIS UNOLA UNON UNOV UNOWA UNPOS UNRWA UNSCO UNSCOL UNTSO USA USG USSR WAE WFP

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Mission in Sierra Leone United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo United Nations Mission in Liberia United Nations Mission in the Sudan United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste United Nations Operation in Cte d'Ivoire United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime United Nations Office in Geneva United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau United Nations Office of Legal Affairs United Nations Office in Nairobi United Nations Office in Vienna United Nations Office for West Africa United Nations Political Office for Somalia United Nations Relief and Works Agency Untied Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon United Nations Truce Supervision Organization United States of America Under-Secretary-General Union of Soviet Socialist Republics When actually employed World Food Programme

I. INTRODUCTION
1. Pursuant to paragraph 19 of General Assembly resolution 64/259, Towards an accountability system in the United Nations Secretariat, the Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) included in its 2010 programme of work a review on possible measures to further enhance transparency in the selection and appointment process of senior managers. 2. The report is to be submitted to the General Assembly at the main part of its sixty-sixth session. The request comes from the conclusion of Member States that the two reports of the Secretary-General on accountability show that insufficient progress has been made enhancing transparency in the recruitment process. 1 3. Selection and appointment of senior managers has been an issue since the founding of the United Nations in 1945. There has always been and will continue to be a natural tension between the Secretary-Generals authority to select and appoint senior staff and the desire of Member States to ensure that their nationals be placed in such positions. This is further compounded by the need to respect as wide as possible geographical distribution and gender balance. There is a widespread perception of a non-transparent culture in the selection process of these appointments, which needs to be addressed. 4. The objective of the study was to review the effectiveness, coherence, timeliness and transparency of the current selection and appointment processes of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat 2 and provide recommendations leading to enhanced transparency. Senior managers are defined as the Deputy Secretary-General, Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General. Although the Secretary-General has a personal role in the selection and appointment of the Directors at the D-2 level, 3 the review excluded this group because the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) performed an audit on the subject, the scope of which included D-1 and D-2 levels of Directors. 4 The scope of this review was confined to the United Nations Secretariat, pursuant to resolution 64/259, and excluded the heads of funds and programmes and other entities which were addressed in the JIU report on the Selection and conditions of service of Executive Heads in the United Nations System Organizations. 5 5. In accordance with the internal standards and guidelines of the JIU and its internal working procedures, the methodology followed in preparing this report included an in-depth desk review, questionnaires, interviews, and in-depth analyses of policy documents and information gathered in this regard. A detailed questionnaire was sent to the Executive Office of the Secretary-General. On the basis of the responses received, the Inspectors conducted interviews with officials and also sought the views of a number of former officials, other

The ACABQ report (A/64/683, para. 28) on the Secretary Generals report, entitled Towards an accountability system in the United Nations Secretariat, recalled that the Secretary-General was to have developed a framework and process for the open and transparent nomination and selection procedure for senior management positions that relates the qualifications and experience of candidates to available positions. ACABQ concluded that insufficient progress has been made in implementing this approach. 2 For organization of the Secretariat of the United Nations, please see ST/SGB/2002/11 and http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf. 3 See Senior Review Group ST/SGB/2009/2, in force as of 1 January 2009, and Staff selection system ST/AI/2010/3, as of 21 April 2010, Section 3, Scope, paras. 3.1 and 3.2. 4 Audit of the recruitment process for senior level positions in the Secretariat, AH2010/512/01. 5 JIU/REP/2009/8.

international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and of representatives of Member States. Comments from the United Nations Secretariat on the draft report have been sought and taken into account in finalizing the report (see annex III). 6. In accordance with article 11.2 of the JIU statute, this report has been finalized after consultation among the Inspectors so as to test its conclusions and recommendations against the collective wisdom of the Unit. 7. To facilitate the handling of the report and the implementation of its recommendations and the monitoring thereof, annex IV contains a table specifying those recommendations that require a decision by the General Assembly and those that can be acted upon by the Secretary-General. 8. The Inspectors wish to express their appreciation to all who assisted them in the preparation of this report, and particularly to those who participated in the interviews and so willingly shared their knowledge and expertise. However, the Inspectors must point out their regret that, overall, the day-to-day cooperation of the Executive Office of the SecretaryGeneral (EOSG) was not good. A number of submissions in response to the teams requests were incomplete, ignored or simply were not provided despite numerous reminders. 9. The Inspectors note that it is they who determine what is and is not relevant for their work. As such, the Inspectors intended to perform a review of a sample of files to test the selection and appointment process in place. Unfortunately, access to the files was not granted under the pretext of confidentiality, despite article 6 (2) and (3) of the JIU Statute and despite confirming to the EOSG that the Inspectors were not interested in candidates personal information or their identity. It was only after the publication of the Units Annual Report (A/65/34) referencing this problem and after the receipt by the EOSG of this report in draft for their comment, that the Secretariat decided that the files could be made available to the Geneva-based Inspectors in a designated room in New York. All costs associated with the second visit to New York would have to be absorbed by the JIU team; an offer too little and too late for this report. This serves the Secretary-General poorly and gives credence to the notion that there is a culture of secrecy. It reinforces Member States calls for greater transparency in the selection and appointment process of senior managers, with which the Inspectors agree. 10. The Inspectors are, however, grateful to both Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and former Secretary-General Kofi Annan for spending considerable time with them. It was important for this review to understand the pressures placed on the Secretary-General and how they factor into the decision-making processes.

II. ROLE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

11. According to the Charter of the United Nations, the Secretariat comprises a SecretaryGeneral and such staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council and is the chief administrative officer of the Organization. 6 In the performance of their duties, the SecretaryGeneral and the staff are not to seek or receive instructions from any Government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They are to refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Organization. 7 12. The Secretary-General enjoys independence over questions of staffing with the paramount consideration in the employment of staff being the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity. 8 The Charter further requires that due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible. 9 13. Staff Regulations of the United Nations and provisional Staff Rules (Staff Regulations and Rules) 10 reinforce the Charter by stating that the power of appointment of staff members rests with the Secretary-General. Staff members are subject to the authority of the SecretaryGeneral and to assignment by him to any of the activities or offices of the United Nations. 11 The Secretary-General can make exceptions to the Rules provided that such exception is not inconsistent with any Staff Regulation or other decision of the General Assembly and provided further that it is agreed to by the staff member directly affected and is, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, not prejudicial to the interests of any other staff member or group of staff members. 12 14. Over the years there were many exceptions to the established rules for the recruitment, placement and promotion of staff. As a result, the General Assembly adopted resolution 51/226 which, while reiterating its full support for the Secretary-General as the chief administrative officer of the Organization, deplored the high number of exceptions to the established procedures and requested: the Secretary-General to announce all vacancies so as to give equal opportunity to all qualified staff and to encourage mobility, it being understood that the discretionary power of the Secretary-General of appointment and promotion outside the established procedures should be limited to his Executive Office and the under-secretary-general and assistant secretarygeneral levels, as well as special envoys at all levels. 13

6 7

Charter of the United Nations, Article 97. Charter, Article 100.1. 8 Charter, Article 101.1: The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly. 9 Charter, Article 101.3. 10 ST/SGB/2010/6. 11 Staff Regulation 1.2 (c). 12 Staff Rule 12.3 (b). 13 General Assembly resolution 51/226, section II, paragraph 5.

III. MEMBER STATES CONCERNS

15. The selection and appointment of senior managers has been an issue of both interest and concern to Member States since the founding of the United Nations in 1945. It continues to be so to this day. It has been discussed in the context of human resources management as well as peace issues. On multiple occasions, the General Assembly has decided that reform and revitalization of the United Nations should be aimed at: 14 (a) Ensuring transparency in recruitment procedures and practices, including those for senior posts; (b) Ensuring that the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity are the paramount considerations in the recruitment and performance of international civil servants; (c) Ensuring a more effective application of the principle that the recruitment of staff should be on as wide a geographical basis as possible to improve the composition of the Secretariat and that at the senior and policymaking levels of the Secretariat, equitable representation of Member States exists, especially for those with inadequate representation at those levels, unrepresented and under-represented, in particular developing countries; (d) Ensuring that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any state or group of States; and, (e) Improving the representation and the status of women in the Secretariat, in particular at the higher echelons. 16. Most recently, in 2009 in its resolution 63/276, the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to present measures to ensure transparency in the selection and appointment process of senior managers, including at the assistant secretary-general and under-secretary-general levels (A/64/683, para. 26). In response, the report of the SecretaryGeneral, Towards an accountability system in the United Nations Secretariat (A/64/640), presented the main steps of the selection and appointment process of these senior officials. 17. ACABQ recalled that the Secretary-General was to have developed a framework and process for the open and transparent nomination and selection procedure for senior management positions that relates the qualifications and experience of candidates to available positions. ACABQ concluded that the report of the Secretary-General did not expand on specific measures to ensure transparency in the process and considered there had been insufficient progress in this regard (A/64/683, para. 28). As a result, the General Assembly, in paragraph 19 of its resolution 64/259 of 29 March 2010, requested the Joint Inspection Unit to submit a report on possible measures to further enhance transparency in the selection and appointment process of senior managers at the main part of its sixty-sixth session. 18. In accordance with the statutory role of the Secretary-General and the concerns expressed by Member States, the Inspectors recommend the adoption of guidelines and the establishment of a website, both of which are referred to throughout this report, and in particular in paragraphs 87 and 88 below, as a means to enhance transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers.

For example, see General Assembly resolutions 41/206 A (1986), 46/232 (1991), 47/120 (1992), 51/226 (1996), 53/221 (1998), 55/258 (2000),

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IV. LEVELS AND FUNCTIONS OF SENIOR MANAGERS

19. Distinction needs to be made between the levels and functions of senior managers. Under-Secretary-General (USG) and Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) are terms used to describe a rank, a grade, and a level of appointment. Senior managers at these levels can perform the following functions: (a) (b) Be a Deputy Secretary-General Be a head or a deputy head of a department

(c) Be a Special Representative of the Secretary-General, an Envoy or perform another special high-level function, as explained below 20. Another difference to note is the place where these individuals live and work. While those in the first and second group live and work in one of the headquarters locations, for individuals in the third group, the place is determined based on the function they perform. Special Representatives of the Secretary-General, 15 their Deputies and Force Commanders reside in the field mission where they work; Special Envoys, Envoys and other special highlevel functionaries only visit the area they are responsible for from time to time. A. Definitions

21. The Inspectors discovered during this review innumerable Under-Secretary and Assistant Secretary-General positions and titles, and sought definitions from the EOSG in an effort to provide an understanding and clarification among them. Notwithstanding the definitions provided (which in the interest of brevity have been shortened), the Inspectors believe there is a clear need to rationalize and streamline the number and title of these positions. Deputy Secretary-General 22. The post of Deputy Secretary-General (DSG), established in 1997, 16 is an integral part of the Office of the Secretary-General. The incumbent has the grade of Under-SecretaryGeneral, but holds the title of Deputy Secretary-General. The DSG is appointed following consultations with Member States and in accordance with Article 101 of the Charter of the United Nations. The terms of office of the DSG do not exceed that of the Secretary-General. Head or a Deputy Head of a Department 23. Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General, in addition to being titles used to distinguish a rank, are also titles used for certain, primarily Headquarters-based positions, such as Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, Under-SecretaryGeneral for Economic and Social Affairs, or Assistant Secretary-General for Field Support. Special Representatives, Envoys and Other Special High-Level Functions 24. Representatives of the Secretary-General serve at the level and title designated by him. Such designation can be prescribed by the Security Council or the General Assembly, and

Except for Special Representatives concerned with thematic issues; see paragraph 25. The General Assembly in its resolution 52/12 B (1997) decided to establish the post of Deputy Secretary-General. The post was formally established in resolution 52/220.
16

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often the Secretary-General advises the Security Council of the appointment of his special representatives for Security Council-mandated peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and special political missions. 17 25. Special representatives of the Secretary-General are usually designated at the UnderSecretary-General level (a) as head of a field mission, in accordance with a Security Council or General Assembly mandate (i.e. the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for UNAMI or UNAMA), (b) in pursuance of an initiative of the Secretary-Generals good offices (i.e. negotiations in compliance with Security Council resolutions), and (c) as representatives of the Secretary-General on thematic issues (i.e. the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for migration). 26. Deputy Special Representatives of the Secretary-General are appointed at the Assistant Secretary-General level, or lower, to assist Special Representatives with their diplomatic, political and managerial responsibilities (i.e. Deputy Special Representative of the SecretaryGeneral for MINUSTAH). 27. For those missions that have a major military component, the Force Commander is appointed at the Assistant Secretary-General level (i.e. Force Commander for MONUSCO). These individuals are seconded from their Governments. 28. The Secretary-General also appoints at Under-Secretary or Assistant Secretary-General level: (a) Representatives (i.e. Representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights for internally displaced persons); (b) Executive Representatives who perform multi-hatted functions as heads of integrated offices (see paragraph 44, for example, the Executive Representative of the Secretary-General for the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL)); (c) High Representatives such as Special Representatives of the Secretary-General can be appointed for a thematic issue or based on a Security Council resolution for functions such as heading a dialogue, representing a group of countries, monitoring an electoral process or coordinating activities of the Organization in the civilian aspects of a peace process (High Representative of the Secretary-General for the Alliance of Civilizations); (d) Personal Representatives to attend specific international conferences, meetings and/or negotiations on behalf of the Secretary-General (the Personal Representative of the Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and Venezuela). 29. Special Envoys of the Secretary-General are usually assigned at the Under-SecretaryGeneral level to undertake a special mission relating to matters of which the Security Council or the General Assembly are seized (the Special Envoy for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) 18 or Special Envoy for Haiti).

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A/62/7/Add.29, para. 12 (a) to (f). Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) is a resolution by which the Security Council declared its support for free presidential elections in Lebanon. The Secretary-General appointed a Special Envoy for its implementation.

30. Envoys of the Secretary-General are assigned at the Assistant Secretary-General level, or lower (as at 31 December 2010 there are no examples of Envoys). 19 Personal Envoys of the Secretary-General are assigned at any level to undertake a mission in pursuance of an initiative of the Secretary-General (the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara). 31. Special Advisers to the Secretary-General, normally at the Under-Secretary-General or Assistant Secretary-General level, are assigned to advise the Secretary-General in regard to specific subject matters on an ad hoc basis (the Special Adviser for the Prevention of Genocide). 20 32. High-level Coordinators, normally at the Under-Secretary-General level, are appointed by the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the fulfilment of a resolution (i.e. the High-level Coordinator for compliance by Iraq with its obligations regarding the repatriation or return of all Kuwaiti and third-country nationals or their remains, as well as the return of all Kuwaiti property, including archives seized by Iraq). 33. Special Coordinator, normally at the Under-Secretary-General level, is a Special or Personal Representative who coordinates the work of the United Nations and represents the Secretary-General on all political aspects of the United Nations work in a country (i.e. the Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process). 34. Senior Coordinators, usually assigned at the Assistant Secretary-General level, are the most senior public experts in a certain field who ensure that the United Nations system makes an effective and coordinated contribution to a given issue of global concern (i.e. the Senior Coordinator for Avian and Human Influenza). 35. In addition, there is a Chief Mediator and a Deputy Chief Mediator for which no definitions were provided. B. Current selection and appointment processes

Duration and types of appointments 36. The appointment of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General is normally for a period of up to five years, subject to prolongation or renewal. 21 By practice, contracts are, however, most commonly issued on a yearly basis. 37. The general provisions for the use of When actually employed (WAE) contracts for special representatives, envoys and other special high-level positions are contained in ST/SGB/283 of 29 August 1996. WAE contracts are used when there is a need (a) for work of an intermittent or discontinuous nature, (b) for assignments whose duration is uncertain, or whose timing is not clearly identifiable in advance, or (c) to ensure the availability at short notice of persons with special skills required by the Organization. WAE contracts are to be used when standard appointments under Staff Rules or standard special service agreements would not be appropriate, for example, in peacekeeping operations or special assignments for the Secretary-General.

19 20

A/62/7/Add.29, paragraph 12 (a) to (f); A/47/277-S24111, para. 25 (c) Ibid. 21 ST/SGB/2010/6, Regulation 4.5 (a), United Nations Staff Rules and Regulations.

38. Individuals working on dollar-a-year contracts have fixed-term appointments. Such contracts are used on an exceptional basis, limited to high-level appointments and are not to be used for all forms of volunteer service/gratis personnel. Dollar-a-year contracts are considered a form of volunteer service and are distinguished from gratis personnel in that there is no payment from an individual Government. The processes 39. The Secretary-General has in most cases 22 of senior appointments the ultimate authority to make the final selection, taking into account other factors, such as geographical distribution and gender balance. 40. The Secretary-Generals report on accountability 23 documents the current process for the selection and appointment of senior managers, which the Inspectors now understand to be related in the main to USGs and ASGs primarily based at headquarters or headquarters locations such as Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi: (a) Upcoming openings are reviewed on an ongoing basis in order to commence the required selection process in a timely manner; (b) Predetermined criteria, against which the candidates are to be reviewed, are established and reflected in the terms of reference of the interview panel and conveyed to the Member States when soliciting nominations; (c) In order to ensure a diverse pool of qualified candidates for such positions, a notification is sent to Member States through a note verbale and an advertisement is placed in suitable print media and United Nations websites, as needed, to complement the Secretary-Generals own search efforts; (d) The consideration of the candidates includes review and advice by a panel of senior United Nations officials with relevant knowledge and experience drawn from the United Nations Secretariat and/or the funds and programmes, as well as outside experts as deemed necessary; (e) The most suitable final candidates, of which at least one is a woman, are submitted to the Secretary-General for final decision; (f) The Secretary-General personally interviews the finalists, as appropriate, prior to making his decision; (g) For some positions, consultations with intergovernmental bodies are required and conducted accordingly. 41. The Inspectors learned that, in addition to the process outlined in the accountability report above, there are a number of other processes in place for senior appointments. However, the Inspectors consider them a variation on theme in that they arguably could be subsumed under (a)-(g) above (e.g., field appointments and appointments related to other special high-level functions). This may explain why the Secretary-General did not point out these different processes in the accountability report. Deputy Secretary-General 42. There is no written process in place for the selection of the Deputy Secretary-General, but the process of how the current Deputy Secretary-General was selected was described to the Inspectors as follows:

22 23

For exceptions, see paragraph 45. A/64/640, Section II/E/ paragraph 43 (a) through (g).

(a) The Secretary-General considered names of potential candidates based on his own search efforts and following his review of high-level persons, either known to him or brought to his attention for consideration. (The SecretaryGeneral knew the current DSG from their previous roles as foreign ministers of their respective countries.); (b) Various interactions were undertaken between the potential candidates and the Secretary-General beforehand given the sensitivity of the appointment. The incumbent had to be able to establish a relationship of trust with the Secretary-General and have the necessary calibre and expertise for such a high-level appointment; (c) The Secretary-General appointed his Deputy following confidential consultations with Member States. Field operations 43. The Department of Field Support (DFS), and within it, the Senior Leadership Appointments Section (SLAS), plays an essential role in the administration of the senior field leadership selection process. The core functions of SLAS are stated in ST/SGB/2010/2, paragraph 4.5. The process is essentially the same for all field appointments and can be summarized as follows, unless the selection is for one of the multi-hatted positions (para. 44 below): (a) Leadership requirements are reviewed and identified on a monthly basis in order to plan and manage the selection process in a timely manner. Thus, most vacancies are known in advance, however, some vacancies do occur on short notice; (b) Post specific terms of reference and post profile are developed and/or updated and serve as the criterion against which potential candidates are reviewed; (c) The Secretary-General may decide to advertise the position or send a notification to Member States through a Note Verbale (e.g., Force Commander posts). 24 Caution is exercised not to advertise senior field positions too soon, so that the incumbents relationships with his/her counterparts on the ground are not compromised; (d) A shortlist of potentially suited candidates is generated in consultation with the EOSG, lead departments, existing mission leadership and other key stakeholders. The Senior Leadership Database (LEAD) managed by the Department of Field Support serves as an important source for the identification of potential candidates; (e) In generating a slate of candidates, consideration is paid to organizational objectives of gender and geographical representation as well as to candidates from troop and police contributing countries (for DPKO-led missions).

Force Commanders are selected by the Military Advisers Office, DPKO, which sends notes verbale to groups of Member States. These positions are all at the D2 level or below, with four exceptions noted in the table in annex I, which are at ASG level. These individuals are seconded from their governments.

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The missions operating environment, including the United Nations existing leadership complement on the ground, will factor into the process; (f) Short-listed candidates are normally evaluated through formal interdepartmental interview panels, the outcome of which is presented for the Secretary-Generals consideration. In accordance with the Secretary-Generals directives, three candidates are presented to the Secretary-General, of which at least one must be a woman. In those cases where a woman is not presented, a written explanation highlights the circumstances; (g) The Secretary-General takes the final decision based on the panels recommendation and may decide to personally interview the finalist/s before taking a decision; (h) Formal or informal consultations may be required with regional organizations or Member States. Multi-hatted field positions 44. The Resident Coordinator (RC) position is normally combined with the Resident Representative position and may also serve as the Designated Official and/or the Humanitarian Coordinator. Normally RCs are D-1 or D-2 level, but in those countries with peacekeeping and/or political missions the RC can be at ASG level. In such cases, RCs wear several hats (i.e. the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General and the United Nations Resident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator). The RC recruitment process is described in the Guidelines for the Selection and Appointments of Resident Coordinators (30 November 2009). The positions are open to candidates from the entire United Nations system and external candidates. However, both internal and external candidates must be nominated by a United Nations entity, an individual cannot apply to such positions independently. To be eligible for RC positions candidates are required to take a competency-based assessment after which they are placed in the RC pool. Nominated candidates are short-listed by the Interagency Advisory Panel (IAAP), interviewed, and the final short-list is submitted to the Secretary-General for his decision. 25 In the Inspectors view, all Resident Coordinator pool members, given the extensive qualification process, should be able to apply independently for RC positions and not be dependent on being nominated by their entity of origin. Special Envoys/Advisers: (a) Departments or offices backstopping such mandates are consulted regarding the terms of reference and selection criteria for such positions; (b) In some cases the Secretary-General relies on the substantive department concerned for the initial search, interview and identification of finalists before proceeding with the final appointment.

The shortlist of candidates is submitted by IAAP to the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) Chair and the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC). The UNDG Chair, the ERC and the USG of the lead department jointly interview the short-listed candidates, with input from the concerned SRSG.

25

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Appointments governed by specific General Assembly resolutions 45. A number of senior appointments are governed by specific General Assembly resolutions: Commissioner-General of UNRWA, High-Commissioner for Refugees, Secretary-General of UNCTAD, Executive Director of UNEP, High Commissioner for Human Rights, UnderSecretaries-General for Internal Oversight Services, UN Habitat, Safety and Security, UN Women and the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support. Various stipulations are placed on their appointment process ranging from term limits, due regard for equitable geographical representation or rotation, requirement for consultations with Member States and General Assembly approval or election of the nominee etc 26 .

Refer to A/RES/302 (IV) for UNRWA, A/RES/428 (V) for UNHCR, A/RES/1995 (XIX) for UNCTAD, A/RES/2997 (XXVII) for UNEP, A/RES/48/141 for OHCHR , A/RES/48/218 B for USG/OIOS, A/RES/56/206 for USG/UN Habitat, A/RES/59/276 for USG/DSS, A/RES/64/289 for UN Women and A/RES/62/236 for ASG/PBSO.

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V.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCESS(ES)

46. The Inspectors found that Member States were familiar with the process as outlined in the Secretary-Generals accountability report and that, for the most part, no major concerns were expressed with the description of the process itself. In fact, some felt it was good. It is the implementation of the process which is of major concern; it is not seen as transparent, but opaque, raising many questions as to how the process actually works. The Inspectors share these concerns. While all recognized the explicit discretionary power of the SecretaryGeneral in making these appointments and the need to hold him accountable for his choices, they nevertheless felt there was significant room for improvement leading to more transparency. The Inspectors believe the discretionary authority does not mean that the Secretary-General has carte blanche to avoid the process he himself has established. 47. The General Assembly itself is free to put guidelines on the process because this does not affect the Secretary-Generals ability to choose a candidate; the Secretary-Generals discretionary authority cannot be used as an excuse to avoid transparency in the process. The process can be transparent while preserving the Secretary-Generals ultimate authority to select the person for the job. The Inspectors are pleased that the Secretary-General has developed a process, as evidenced in the Accountability report (para. 40 above), which, if coupled with the guidelines in this report (para. 87) and the establishment of a dedicated website (para. 88) should ensure an open and transparent selection and recruitment process for senior managers. 48. Senior staff in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General explained that for any appointment they are guided by the requirements of General Assembly resolutions and within that context they ensure that the process is transparent vis--vis both the Member States and the candidates. The challenge is to strike a balance between providing enough information to Member States so that they are confident that the process is open and transparent without compromising the privacy of the candidates and interview panel members. They believe that the process in place as described in the Accountability report best keeps this balance and protects it from undue political pressure. 49. The Inspectors agree on the need for the privacy of candidates and interview panel members. This however does not mean that the process has to be so closely guarded such that Member States have no idea or understanding of the senior appointment process and its raison dtre. The following are the Inspectors findings related to and paralleling the process steps described in the Accountability report (para. 40 above). Timing of the review of upcoming vacancies 50. Member States are concerned that appointments are not always made on time, that there is almost no overlap between incumbents, that the actual recruitment process is sometimes too long and that positions are vacant for long periods of time. The Inspectors share these concerns. Despite the fact that OHRM provides the EOSG with a monthly list of senior appointments, including such data as expiry date of each appointment and the EOSG using this information to monitor appointments due to expire within a four-month period, the problem persists. The EOSG needs to be more vigilant in order to process the necessary extensions or to initiate succession planning so that it is timely, gaps do not exist, and to the extent possible that there is a minimum two week overlap with incumbents. 51. For field appointments, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the Department of Field Support and the Department of Political Affairs collaborate with the EOSG to identify appointments that require consideration for extension or replacement within three months

13

from the date of expiry. In these cases, the EOSG explained that the process cannot be started too soon because the incumbents in place could lose their working relationship with the relevant counterparts and be turned into a lame duck too quickly. 52. In exceptional cases, appointments have to be made Guidelines, para.87: urgently, such as the appointment of the SRSG in Haiti and the resulting ASG appointment in the Department of Peacekeeping a. Allow two-week overlap Operations. 27 While the Inspectors understand that there might be an occasional exception to the rule, the process more often b. All vacancies announced than not should be predictable, familiar and consistent. When j. Deviations from the the Secretary-General determines it necessary to deviate from process disclosed in the established process, this should be stated upfront and he advance should inform Member States of the reason for any such deviation. Delays in the appointment imply costs to the organization, the most obvious of which is the absence of leadership. The Inspectors believe that if the guidelines in paragraph 87 (a), (b), and (j) are followed, this issue will be addressed. Vacancy announcements and solicitation of nominations Predetermined criteria 53. The Inspectors were informed that once upcoming openings are determined, the EOSG and the department concerned examine any General Assembly resolution or legislative instrument for mandate and objectives. Existing terms of reference are also examined and revised as needed. The terms of reference or profile developed are the criteria against which the qualifications of the candidates are assessed. Vacancy announcements 54. It is clear that not all vacancies are announced or known to all Member States. At times nominations are solicited from Member States via notes verbale, sometimes vacancies are advertised online and/or in print media. However, there is not a clear, consistent and established procedure. Other times there is no vacancy announcement as is the case for SRSG positions. Advertising 55. The EOSG explained that a position is advertised in the print media if the position is technical, and a wide pool of candidates is needed. Generally these positions are advertised in The Economist magazine due to its wide circulation, although at times depending on the profile of the position the EOSG would also place advertisements in Le Monde, Jeune Afrique, and/or The Asia Star. Some positions are advertised also on iSeek for Member States and on the Internet. Notes verbale 56. Member States are concerned that they do not receive notes verbale for each vacancy. The EOSG explained that, when the current Secretary-General took office, he used his

Mr. Edmund Mullet, ASG/DPKO, took on the function of SRSG/MINUSTAH from 14 January 2010 following the 12 January 2010 earthquake and was officially appointed SRSG/MINUSTAH on 31 March 2010. Subsequently, Mr. Atul Khare was appointed ASG/DPKO.

27

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discretionary power considerably in forming his cabinet, and will plan to do so again if reelected. They noted, however, that Member States have been notified of all subsequent senior management vacancies through notes verbale with the exception of USG/DGACM and USG/OCHA vacancies. Calls for nominations are sent to all 192 Member States, primarily to complement the Secretary-Generals own search efforts and to help compile a broader, more geographically-balanced or gender-balanced list of candidates. Such correspondence describes the main elements of the position and the profile of the candidates the SecretaryGeneral is seeking to identify. Member States traditionally provide a curriculum vitae or biography of their nominee(s). 57. The above explanation makes it clear that when the EOSG talks about transparency in selection and recruitment of senior managers, it is talking about headquarters-based positions only. The Inspectors found that a whole group of vacancies for senior field-based positions is not advertised and there are no vacancy announcements or notes verbale sent to Member States. 28 There is, however, the LEAD database and outreach to Member States by SLAS/DFS to identify the individuals who match the requirements of the position. The names are then provided to the USGs for DFS/DPKO/DPA and ultimately to the Secretary-General. 58. The Inspectors recognize that progress has been made in the selection of senior field managers (SRSGs, DSRSGs) since the establishment of SLAS/DFS in 2006, which is essentially a service provider to lead departments in need of Guidelines, para. 87: candidates. The effort is not only put in finding the right persons for the job, but in establishing the right leadership b. All vacancies announced teams that will complement each other in the field which is critical for the effective functioning of the Mission. c. Announcements are sent
to all Member States and UN agencies, funds and programmes Recommendation 1: A website is set up to convey information on senior appointments to Member States and potential candidates

59. The Inspectors recognize that this is a complicated, political process involving Member States interests and interests inside the organization and in the field. They also recognize that the type of people required to do these types of jobs are not found everywhere and that they need to be current in the political environment. They welcome DFS planned improvement to the process to invite annually all Member States to send nominations for inclusion in the database.

60. However, the Inspectors see no reason why all vacancies when they occur, including field-based, should not be communicated to all Member States. In the Inspectors view, if the guidelines in paragraph 87 (b) and (c) are followed and recommendation 1 in paragraph 90 is implemented both the Member States and the potential candidates will be informed of all upcoming vacancies. Member States Responsibilities 61. As a general rule, Member States are requested to submit nominations for candidates within a month from when the note verbale is sent. A number of Member States felt this did not accord them sufficient time to submit a nomination given the need to communicate with their capitals. In the Inspectors view, Member States should be vigilant in finding and

Unless they are for multi-hatted positions, in which case, announcements are shared internally through the IAAP process, as explained in paragraph 44 in this report.

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nominating suitable candidates for vacancies. They can proactively search for good candidates to nominate before formal vacancy announcements are received. 62. In this regard, the Inspectors believe that the annual call to Member States to nominate candidates for field positions, which is planned to be implemented by DFS in 2011, can be expanded by the Secretariat to include all positions that may become vacant in a year, not just field positions. For those positions which cannot be determined that far in advance, the EOSGs practice of one month official notification seems reasonable. Additionally, the Inspectors believe the Secretariat, Member States and potential candidates would benefit significantly were a dedicated website established that would include comprehensive information regarding all upcoming senior management vacancies, including field positions. 63. Frequently, Member States will nominate a candidate Recommendation 1: whose qualifications may not be suitable for a particular vacancy. The Inspectors are convinced that merit should be the A website is set up to primary criteria in the selection of senior managers and that convey information on senior appointments to Member States are responsible for putting forward fully Member States and qualified candidates for the Secretary-General to consider. potential candidates Sometimes this will require casting their nets wider than otherwise may be the case and reaching out to their experts in the private sector. The Inspectors believe that if recommendation 1 in paragraph 90 is implemented, it should ensure that a larger pool of candidates is correctly informed about the requirements for each vacancy. Screening of candidates 64. The Inspectors found through their interviews that Member States do not understand how interview panels are constituted nor how or when a decision is made to have an outside expert serve on a panel. Further Member States wanted more clarity on the screening process so that they would understand how candidates are selected. 65. The Inspectors were informed that an interview panel (sometimes called a Senior Appointment Group), is put together by the Chef de Cabinet to assist the Secretary-General in the selection process. The members of the panel are selected from among senior United Nations officials at the same level or higher as the position under recruitment. The panel can comprise up to eight individuals. The identity of panel members is kept confidential to protect the panellists from undue political pressures. The Chef de Cabinet determines, based on the nature of the position, if there is a need to have an outside expert serving on the panel (for recruitment of the USG for UN Women, an outside panellist was invited). The presence of an outside expert brings another perspective and, in certain instances, useful outside expertise, that helps in focusing and in narrowing down the best candidates for the opening. For senior field appointments, the lead departments are delegated authority by the Secretary-General to convene interview panels. Following the conduct of interviews, it is the lead department which submits the final short-list for the Secretary-Generals consideration. 66. Interview panels are convened for each vacancy bearing in mind relevant background, geographical and gender balance. The interview panel chooses from among the applications, a long-list of candidates to be interviewed. After the interviews, the interview panel produces a shortlist of candidates, without ranking them, and this list is forwarded to the SecretaryGeneral for selection.

16

67. The Inspectors see two problems in the process: (a) the Guidelines, para.87: interview panel members, who are the most senior officials in the organization, spend their time on basic screening of e. OHRM or its equivalent candidates, and (b) detailed reference checks are not screens candidates performed, e.g., degrees, references, performance history etc. f. OHRM or its equivalent are not verified. This is of major concern and should be vets short-listed candidates corrected urgently as it can result in serious reputational risk before interview panel for the organization. In the Inspectors opinion, if the forwards the list to the guidelines in paragraph 87 (e) and (f) are followed, the Secretary-General interview panel would only deal with candidates who satisfy the requisite qualifications, candidates suggested to the Secretary-General would have their references checked and the selection and overall recruitment time should be reduced. Shortlist of candidates 68. In the interview with the Office of the Chef de Cabinet, the Inspectors were told that the primary consideration in hiring USGs/ASGs is merit-based, followed by gender and geographic balance, which are considered to be of equal importance. The Member States want to know how large the pool of candidates for a position is and if their candidates were considered. The Inspectors believe that once Member States submit their nominations, further feedback on individual candidates should be provided only to those candidates who made the long and/or short-list, not to the Member States, as the feedback will contain candidates personal information. 69. The Inspectors were informed that the Secretary-General insists that the interview panel should submit to him a choice of at least three candidates for any position, at least one of whom is a woman. If this is not the case, he will return the proposed list and ask for a new search. He recognizes that on occasion, it has to be accepted that a female candidate cannot be found, but there must be a valid justification and the Secretary-General must be satisfied that a proper search effort was made. The Inspectors recognize the Secretary-General as do Member States for his commitment to and success in increasing the number of women in higher echelons. 70. The Secretary-General does not have a set formula for geographical balance since most of the positions he is dealing with are not subject to geographical distribution in the true sense of the word (see annex I). He has available to him from OHRM, data on the geographical distribution of top echelon staff in the Organization and makes maximum effort to ensure that there is an equitable geographical balance. While interview panels deal exclusively with one position, the Secretary-General more often than not is considering more than one position at a time. For example, interview panel A may forward three candidates to the Secretary-General with interview panel B doing the same for another position. Each of the two interview panels, while separate and distinct from each other, may have candidates from the same country. Thus the Secretary-Generals request to be provided with multiple candidates from diverse backgrounds is to ensure as best he can geographical and gender balance as well as to prevent being constrained in choice. The Inspectors were informed that the Secretary-General consults with his senior advisers, including the Deputy Secretary-General in making his final decision. 71. The Secretary-General sees it as his responsibility to ensure that the right person is selected for the job. To avoid undue pressure from Member States campaigning for their own candidate, he has decided to keep the short-list of candidates confidential. This point can be argued, but the Inspectors agree with the decision of the Secretary-General. Many individuals are interested to be considered only if their names are kept confidential. On several occasions,

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good candidates were lost because of the possibility that official shortlists would be made public. These individuals are of high calibre with high-profile jobs, often political. Public humiliation from knowing that they were considered, but not selected for a position is a risk many are not willing to take. Unfortunately there are times when names are published in the media but the names are obtained from the candidates themselves or different sources, but not from the EOSG.
Guidelines, para.87: g. Secretary-General shares interview panels report detailing information as indicated in paragraph 88 f and g in consultations with Member States i. Interviewees are notified of the outcome of recruitment l. Secretary-General holds bi-annual briefings for Permanent Representatives

(i), and (l) are followed, compromising privacy.

72. While the Inspectors agree that the deliberations of interview panels and their recommendations to the SecretaryGeneral should be confidential, they believe the interview panels should prepare a summary report, disclosing their terms of reference, how the interview panel was constituted, the number of members on the interview panel and their grade levels, and whether there were outside experts. This information, coupled with the disclosure to Member States of the number, nationality and gender of long and short-listed candidates, would not jeopardize the confidentiality of the deliberative process of either the interview panels or the Secretary-General himself. Furthermore, the SecretaryGeneral should biannually brief Permanent Representatives on the senior appointments made in the preceding six months and should share with them, either orally or in written form, the information from the interview panels summary reports. The Inspectors believe, if the guidelines in paragraph 87 (g), more light should be shed on the selection process, without

Interviews and decision-making 73. The Inspectors were told that the Secretary-General has made known his keen desire to interview the finalists. However, by using the term as appropriate in the description (paragraph 40 (f)) the Secretary-General leaves open the possibility that he may not interview the finalists himself (see also paragraph 43 (g)). Due to the heavy demands on the SecretaryGenerals schedule, he may choose to request one of his senior advisers (the supervising USG or the Chef de Cabinet) to interview on his behalf the short-list of the three candidates for a particular position. In these situations, the Secretary-General may decide, after selection, to interact with the selected candidate prior to their reporting date. 74. In the Inspectors view, consistency has to prevail. If any Guideline, para.87: of the candidates are to be interviewed by the SecretaryGeneral or any official, then all should be interviewed, be they h. Uniform application of internal or external candidates, to ensure their equal treatment. the process and equal Moreover, all interviews should be conducted by the same treatment of candidates official whether this is the Secretary-General or his representative. It is not fair to candidates that some are interviewed while others are not. The Inspectors believe that if the guideline in paragraph 87 (h) is followed, the process should be more equitable. Consultations 75. Consultations with Member States are required for positions for which there are legislative stipulations mandating approval by the General Assembly or the Security Council upon nomination by the Secretary-General. Such positions include the USG/UN Women,

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USG/OIOS, USG/UN-Habitat, USG/UNEP, USG/UNHCR, USG/OHCHR and ASG/PBSO, positions for which there are legislative stipulations mandating consultation with intergovernmental bodies e.g. USG/UNRWA, and positions of Special Representatives of the Secretary-General. Consultations for SRSG positions involve a letter from the SecretaryGeneral to the President of the Security Council by which he informs of his intention to appoint an SRSG. The President of the Security Council brings the letter to the attention of the members of the Security Council and conveys their no objection to the SecretaryGeneral in a letter by stating that the members of the Security Council took note of the Secretary-Generals intention. 76. The Inspectors found that there is a discrepancy in interpreting the term consultation between the Secretary-General and certain Member States with respect to senior appointments. Some Member States expressed concern that they are simply informed of the Secretary-Generals decisions, whereas they interpret consultation in a broader sense as agreement or consensual understanding. The EOSG explained that the idea is not to ask for agreement, but to gauge reaction to determine possible difficulties with an appointment the Secretary-General is considering. 77. The Inspectors did not find a single document where the terms consultation vs. information are defined in the United Nations except for a note from the World Food Programme and the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (UNOLA) to the Executive Board of the WFP. 29 The note indicated that the expression in consultation with and after consultation with in the practice of the United Nations is the process by which the views of the parties consulted are sought or ascertained and that it must be distinguished from agreement, concurrence or consent. 78. The EOSG explained that there is an informal and formal process of consultations. Once the Secretary-General has interviewed the finalists and taken a decision, he informally consults with the Chairs/coordinators of the regional groups of Member States, or relevant intergovernmental body, to test his selection of the candidate he intends to appoint. The selection process is Guideline, para.87: reportedly explained to Member States at this time, including k. Secretary-General the initial procedures, number of candidates, pre-screening consults with criteria, interview process, and candidate selection, without Chairs/coordinators of disclosing the identities of the candidates. These informal regional groups a week exchanges are followed by formal consultations when the prior to announcing the final choice is confirmed.
appointment

79. In practice, however, the process is inconsistent, as on occasions, consultations are held with entire regional groups, and at other times, they are held with the Chairs/coordinators only. In the Inspectors opinion, if the guideline in paragraph 87 (k) is followed, the process should be clear, consistent, and uniform. Political pressure and job reservations 80. Some Member States suggested that their representatives should be invited to serve on interview panels for the selection of candidates for senior management positions. Having

The note is related to the appointment of the Executive Director of the WFP, who is to be appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director General of the Food and Agriculture Organization after consultation with the WFP Executive Board.

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Member States serve on the interview panels would put even more political pressure and possible roadblocks on the process and be chaotic in terms of which Member States would serve on which panels and why. The Inspectors are of the opinion that while it is incumbent upon Member States to provide the best possible candidates, the Secretary-General, as the chief administrative officer of the Organization, is the one who must work with and trust his managers to fulfil his mandate. At the end of the day, the Secretary-General is accountable to Member States for his choice. 81. The Inspectors were told during their interviews with the EOSG that the SecretaryGeneral recognizes the political realities that he must reflect in the Organization, but that no position is reserved for any Member State. In the event that the Secretary-General decides that a national of a certain country will be appointed, he insists that that country provide him a slate of candidates for consideration. If he is not provided with a choice, he cannot select, and therefore, he will request new nominations. The information presented in annex II, however, shows that historically, certain positions are reserved for certain Member States and that no Secretary-General has been immune to political pressure in this regard. 82. Using discretionary authority to broadly follow the process by arguing political realities and thereby excluding certain political appointments is tantamount to reserving jobs for b. All vacancies announced Member States, which is exactly what the General Assembly has repeatedly cautioned against as stated in paragraph 15 (c) c. Announcements are sent to all Member States and and (d) in this report. The Inspectors believe that if the UN agencies, funds and guidelines in paragraph 87 (b) and (c) are followed, the programmes requirements of paragraph 3 (e) in resolution 46/232, whereby the General Assembly decided that as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States, should be satisfied.
Guidelines, para. 87:

Geographical rotation 83. The issue of geographical rotation, which the Inspectors consider to be different from geographical distribution, arose frequently regarding the recent delayed appointment of the USG/OIOS, who serves for one fixed term of five years without the possibility of renewal. The Inspectors wish to make clear at the outset that no one questions the qualifications of the new USG/OIOS which are exemplary, but rather many member states were troubled that the North succeeded the North in that position. 30 84. By General Assembly resolution 48/218 B, the appointment of the USG/OIOS is to be made with due regard to geographical rotation and in so doing the Secretary-General is to be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of resolution 46/232. During interviews with both Member States and Secretariat officials, it was clear that rotation meant the position would rotate between the North and the South with the North and the South being defined as developed and developing countries respectively. The Inspectors were informed that although it is not written anywhere, there was and is an implicit understanding among all to this effect. 85. The appointment of the USG/OIOS from the North was not expected by Member States from the South as it was the Souths turn to hold that position according to the common understanding of 48/218 B. There even seemed to have been an informal understanding that

30

USG Lapointe, Canadian, succeeded USG Ahlenius, Swede.

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the candidate would come from Africa. One of the leading finalists indeed was from Africa, the EOSG reported, but as the candidate withdrew, the Secretary-General was apparently left with a choice to start a new search all over again or appoint a candidate from the North as there were no other qualified candidates from the South. 86. The Inspectors find it inconceivable that there was a scarcity of qualified candidates from the South for this position. This was not an unexpected vacancy: everyone agrees on how the concept of geographical rotation works, there is a resolution guiding the appointment, when the vacancy was coming up was known to all five years in advance, and clearly, it was known to all that the successor should be from the South. The Inspectors believe that if the guidelines in paragraph 87 (b), (c), and (d) are followed, it should ensure that every effort is put in place to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 3 (e) in resolution 46/232 and be in accordance with the implicit understanding of the meaning of geographical rotation.
Guidelines, para.87: b. All vacancies announced c. Announcements are sent to all Member States and UN agencies, funds and programmes d. Candidacies are sought from the region whose turn it is to hold the position

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VI.

MEASURES TO ENHANCE TRANSPARENCY: GUIDELINES AND WEBSITE

87. The selection and appointment of senior managers should comply with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, in particular Article 101, paragraph 3, and the relevant General Assembly resolutions as stated in paragraph 15 above. The Inspectors believe that implementation of the following guidelines in tandem with the process outlined in the Secretary Generals accountability report (para. 40 above) coupled with the establishment of a dedicated website designed to convey specific information as per paragraph 88 below should further enhance transparency in the selection and appointment process of senior managers. Guidelines (a) The recruitment process should be planned to allow for a minimum of two weeks of overlap between the two incumbents; (b) Vacancy announcements should be issued for all positions except for special envoys and personal advisers as soon as it is known that a vacancy will arise, stipulating clearly defined responsibilities and specific qualifications/experience required in un-ambiguous terms; (c) Notes verbale, transmitting vacancy announcements for every position should be sent to all Member States and all United Nations agencies, funds and programmes with at least one month notice; (d) For those positions where the United Nations General Assembly has decided that there be geographic rotation (as per paragraph 45 above), between the North and the South, candidacies should be sought only from the region whose turn it is to hold the position. For example, assuming that a current incumbent is from the North and a successor should be from the South, notes verbale with the vacancy announcement requesting nominations of candidates for the upcoming vacancy should be sent to the Member States from the South only, with information to the Member States from the North; (e) Basic screening to filter out candidates who do not satisfy mandatory eligibility criteria should be performed by OHRM or its equivalent. Only candidates who satisfy the obligatory requirements as stated in the vacancy announcement should be forwarded for consideration of the interview panel; (f) Once the interview panel has decided on a short list, that list should revert to OHRM or its equivalent for a thorough vetting of the references, performance record and information provided by the candidates. Once completed, OHRM or its equivalent should return the short-list to the interview panel for forwarding to the Secretary-General for selection; (g) At the conclusion of their work, the interview panel should prepare a summary report detailing the information as indicated in the website per paragraph 88 (f) and (g) below. This report should be shared by the SecretaryGeneral in his consultations with Member States; (h) There should be a uniform application of the selection and appointment process. Candidates are to be treated equally. All short-listed

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candidates should be interviewed and all interviews should be performed by the same official, whether this is the Secretary-General himself or his representative; (i) Long and short-listed candidates should be provided with feedback on their progress throughout the selection process if they so request; but in all cases interviewees should be notified of the outcome of the recruitment process. No feedback should be provided to the Member States on the candidates they nominated. Member States should be able to follow recruitment developments via periodic updates on a dedicated web-site as detailed in paragraph 88 below; (j) If there are deviations from the selection and appointment process, the Secretary-General should fully disclose them in advance of the appointment or as soon as they need to occur; (k) For appointments requiring consultations with Member States, at least a week prior to announcing the appointment, the Secretary-General should consult with the Chairs/coordinators of the regional groups of Member States. Consultation in this regard means that the Secretary-General informs the Chairs/coordinators of his choice and that the Chairs/coordinators are given a week to register with the Secretary-General any concerns of their regional group. It is the responsibility of the Member States to organize themselves within their regional groups to ensure that the Chairs/coordinators represent the views of the entire group; (l) Bi-annual briefings should be held by the Secretary-General for Permanent Representatives on the selection process and appointments made in the preceding six months summarizing the information contained in the reports of interview panels as per the guideline in paragraph 87 (g) above. Website 88. The EOSG should set-up and maintain a dedicated website, which should be updated at least monthly to convey specific information on senior appointments of USGs and ASGs to Member States and potential candidates. The website should contain information as recommended below. Information in points (c) to (h) should be available to the public, while access to information in points (a) and (b) should be restricted to the Permanent Missions: (a) A listing of all current appointments at USG and ASG levels, other than special envoys and personal advisers, containing information similar in content and presentation to that in annex I. This will allow Member States advance planning to find the best qualified candidates; (b) A separate listing of upcoming vacancies of USG and ASG positions, other than special envoys and personal advisers, over a two month period. This listing should be based solely on the date of expiry of each appointment regardless of the individuals or Secretary-Generals intentions to extend or discontinue their contract; (c) The vacancy announcement for each vacancy should be published on the website as soon as it is clear that a vacancy will arise;

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(d) An indication of intent to advertise in the print media as well as an indication of the need for input from civil society so as to cast the net more widely; (e) An indication of the expected time-line for each vacancy specifying the date by which: (i) (ii) All applications need to be received; Candidates selected for interviews will be contacted;

(iii) Interviewed candidates will be informed of the results of the recruitment process; (iv) Consultations are expected to be conducted and the final selection announced; (v) The new incumbent is expected to report for duty;

(f) Disclosure of the terms of reference for interview panels established for each vacancy with an explanation of how the interview panel was constituted, how many members served on the interview panel, what were their grades, and whether other agencies/entities and/or external experts were invited to sit on the interview panel and why; (g) Disclosure of the number of candidates who applied for each vacancy, nationalities and gender of the candidates interviewed by the interview panel (the long list) and also of the candidates on the short-list recommended by the interview panel to the Secretary-General; and, (h) The statement announcing the final choice of candidate.

24

VII. RECOMMENDATIONS
89. Implementation of the following recommendations should result in enhanced accountability and transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat. Recommendation 1 90. The General Assembly should direct the Executive Office of the Secretary-General to setup and maintain on a monthly basis a dedicated website which will convey specific information on senior appointments to Member States and potential candidates as described in paragraph 88 of this report. Recommendation 2 91. The General Assembly should endorse the guidelines in paragraph 87 (a) to (l) of this report and direct the Secretary-General to follow the guidelines in selecting and appointing senior managers in tandem with the process outlined in the Secretary-Generals accountability report (A/64/640).

25

Annex I Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General as of 31 December 2010

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant No

No. Department/Entity Alliance of 1 Civilizations Border Controversy between Guyana 2 and Venezuela Border dispute between Equatorial 3 Guinea and Gabon Compliance by Iraq with its obligations 4 regarding Kuwait 5 Cyprus 6 DESA 7 DFS

Name Jorge Sampaio

Function High Representative

Classification

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality M Portugal

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31 30-Apr-11

Representative USG

1-May-07 WAE

Norman Girvan

Personal Representative Special Adviser and Mediator

Representative USG

Jamaica

1-Mar-10 WAE

28-Feb-11

No

Nicolas Michel

Adviser

USG

Switzerland

1-Sep-08 WAE

30-Nov-10

No

Gennady P. Tarasov Alexander Downer Sha Zukang Susana Malcorra Shaaban Muhammad Shaaban Angela Kane B. Lynn Pascoe Kiyotaka Akasaka Alain Le Roy

Secretary-General's Highlevel Coordinator Special Adviser USG for Economic and Social Affairs USG for Field Support USG for General Assembly Affairs and Conference Management USG for Management USG for Political Affairs USG for Communication and Public Information USG for Peacekeeping Operations

Coordinator Adviser Head Head

USG USG USG USG F

M M M

Russia Australia China Argentina

24-Apr-08 WAE 14-Jul-08 WAE 1-Jul-07 FT 4-May-08 FT

31-Dec-10 13-Jan-11 30-Jun-11 RB 3-May-11 RB

No No Yes Yes

8 DGACM 9 DM 10 DPA 11 DPI 12 DPKO

Head Head Head Head Head

USG USG USG USG USG F

Egypt Germany

1-Mar-07 FT 1-Jun-08 FT 1-Mar-07 FT 1-Apr-07 FT 24-Aug-08 FT

28-Feb-11 RB 31-May-11 RB 28-Feb-11 RB 31-Mar-11 RB 23-Aug-11 RB

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

M M M

USA Japan France

According to Regulation 4.5 (a), United Nations Staff Rules and Regulations, ST/SGB/2010/6, the appointment of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General is normally for a period of up to five years, subject to prolongations or renewal. Contracts are most commonly issued on a yearly basis

31

26

No. Department/Entity Name Gregory B. 13 DSS Starr Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the 14 Pacific Noeleen Heyzer Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Economic Commission for Africa Economic Commission for Europe Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

Function USG for Safety and Security

Classification Head

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality USG M USA

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant Yes

31-May-09 FT

31-May-11 RB

Executive Secretary

Head

USG

Singapore

23-Aug-07 FT

22-Aug-11 RB

Yes

15

Rima Khalaf Abdoulie Janneh

Executive Secretary

Head

USG

Jordan

1-Oct-10 FT

30-Sep-12 RB

Yes

16

Executive Secretary

Head

USG

Gambia

1-Nov-05 FT

31-Oct-11 RB

Yes

17

Jan Kubis

Executive Secretary

Head

USG

Slovakia

19-Dec-08 FT

26-Jan-11 RB

Yes

18

19 EOSG 20 EOSG Greece-FYROM 21 Talks 22 Haiti 23 Haiti 24 HIV/AIDS in Asia HIV/AIDS in 25 Eastern Europe Implementation of Security Council resolution 26 1559/2004 Innovative Finance 27 for Development Internet 28 Governance

Alicia Barcena Asha-Rose Migiro Vijay K. Nambiar

Executive Secretary Deputy Secretary-General Chef de Cabinet

Head Head Head Envoy Envoy Envoy Envoy Envoy

USG USG USG USG USG USG USG USG

F F M M M M F

Mexico Tanzania India USA USA USA Pakistan

1-Jul-08 FT 1-Feb-07 FT 1-Jan-07 FT 15-Mar-07 $1/yr 11-Aug-09 $1/yr 15-Jun-09 $1/yr 1-Jan-01 $1/yr

30-Jun-11 RB 31-Jan-11 RB 31-Dec-10 RB 14-Mar-11 10-Aug-11 14-Jun-11 31-Dec-10

Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Vacant

Matthew Nimetz Personal Envoy Paul Farmer William J. Clinton Nafis Sadik Deputy Special Envoy Special Envoy Special Envoy Special Envoy

Terje RoedLarsen Philippe Douste-Blazy Nitin Desai

Special Envoy Special Adviser Adviser of the SecretaryGeneral

Envoy Adviser Adviser

USG USG USG

M M M

Norway France India

1-Jan-05 $1/yr 1-Jun-08 $1/yr 1-Jan-06 WAE

31-Dec-10 31-May-11 31-Dec-10

No No No

27

No. Department/Entity Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and other Business 29 Enterprises Joint African Union - United Nations Mediation Support 30 Team (JMST) 31 Migration Millennium Development 32 Goals 33 MINURCAT 34 MINUSTAH 35 MONUSCO

Name

Function

Classification

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant

John Ruggie

SRSG

Representative USG

USA

28-Jul-05

No

Djibril Yipene Bassole Peter Sutherland

Chief Mediator SRSG

Mediator

USG

M M

Burkina Faso Ireland

31-Jul-08 FT 23-Jan-06 $1/yr

31-Jan-11 31-Dec-10

No No

Representative USG

Jeffrey Sachs Youssef Mahmoud Edmond Mulet

Senior Adviser SRSG SRSG

Adviser

USG

M M M M

USA Tunisia Guatemala USA

1-Feb-02 $1/yr 1-Apr-10 FT 1-Apr-10 FT 11-Jul-10 FT

31-Aug-11 31-Dec-10 31-Mar-11 10-Jul-11

No No No No

Representative USG Representative USG Representative USG

36 OCHA Office for Disarmament 37 Affairs 38 OHCHR

Roger A. Meece SRSG USG for Humanitarian Affairs, Emergency Relief Coordinator Valerie Amos Sergio de Queiroz Duarte Navanethem Pillay Cheick Sidi Diarra Carman Louise Lapointe

Head

USG

UK

6-Sep-10 FT

5-Sep-12 RB

Yes

High Representative High Commissioner Special Adviser on Africa and High Representative for LLS USG for Oversight Services

Representative USG Head USG F

Brazil South Africa

11-Jul-07 FT 1-Sep-08 FT

10-Jul-11 RB 31-Aug-12 RB

Yes Yes

39 OHRLLS 40 OIOS 41 OLA 42 OSRSG/CAAC 43 Pakistan Prevention of 44 Genocide

Head Head Head

USG USG USG F F F

Mali Canada Ireland Sri Lanka

1-Aug-07 FT 14-Sep-10 FT 24-Aug-10 FT 15-Apr-06 FT 27-Sep-10 FT

31-Jul-11 RB 13-Sep-15 RB 23-Aug-11 RB 28-Feb-11 RB 27-Sep-11

Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Patricia O'Brien USG for Legal Affairs Radhika Coomaraswamy SRSG Rauf Engin Soysal Special Envoy Special Adviser to the Secretary-General

Representative USG Envoy USG

Turkey

Francis Deng

Adviser

USG

Sudan

1-Jan-08 FT

31-Jul-11

No

28

No. Department/Entity Name Sexual Violence in Margot 45 Conflict Wallstrom Special Adviser on 46 Human Security Special Adviser to the Secretary47 General Special Adviser to the Secretary48 General Sport for Development and 49 Peace 50 Tuberculosis 51 UN Habitat 52 UN WOMEN 53 UNAMA 54 UNAMI 55 UNAMID 56 UNCTAD Yukio Takasu

Function SRSG Special Adviser Special Adviser to the Secretary-General Special Adviser to the Secretary-General

Classification

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality F M Sweden Japan

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31 31-Mar-12

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant No No

Representative USG Adviser USG

1-Apr-10 FT 10-Dec-10

Iqbal Riza

Adviser

USG

Pakistan

$1/yr

28-Feb-11

No

Joseph V. Reed

Adviser

USG

USA

1-Jan-05 $1/yr

28-Feb-11

No

Wilfried Lemke Jorge Sampaio Joan Clos Michelle Bachelet Staffan de Mistura Ad Melkert Ibrahim Gambari Supachai Panitchpakdi Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres Lamberto Zannier Ellen Margrethe Loj

Special Adviser Special Envoy Executive Director Executive Director SRSG SRSG Joint Special Representative Secretary-General

Adviser Envoy Head Head

USG USG USG USG F

M M M

Germany Portugal Spain Chile

11-Apr-08 $1/yr 1-May-07 WAE 18-Oct-10 FT 19-Oct-10 FT 1-Mar-10 FT 9-Jul-10 FT 1-Jan-10 FT 1-Sep-05 FT

10-Apr-11

No No

17-Oct-14 RB 18-Sep-14 28-Feb-11 8-Jul-11 31-Dec-10 31-Aug-13 RB

Yes No No No No Yes

Representative USG Representative USG Representative USG Head USG

M M M M

Sweden Netherlands Nigeria Thailand

57 UNHCR 58 UNMIK 59 UNMIL 60 UNMIS 61 UNMIT 62 UNOCI 63 UNOG

High Commissioner SRSG SRSG

Head

USG

M M F M F M M

Portugal Italy Denmark South Africa Bangladesh ROK Russia

15-Jun-05 20-Jun-08 FT 16-Jan-08 FT 1-Mar-10 FT 3-Jan-10 FT 29-Oct-07 FT 1-Mar-02 FT 19-Jun-11 15-Sep-11 28-Feb-11 2-Jan-11 30-Apr-11 28-Feb-11 RB

No No No No No No Yes

Representative USG Representative USG Representative USG Representative USG Representative USG Head USG

Haile Menkerios SRSG Ameerah Haq Choi Young-Jin Sergei Ordzhonikidze SRSG SRSG Director-General

29

No. Department/Entity Name

Function Director-General of UNON and Executive Director of UNEP Director-General of UNOV and Executive Director of UNODC SRSG SRSG Commissioner-General Special Coordinator/PRSG Special Coordinator/PRSG Personal Envoy

Classification

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant

64 UNON/UNEP

Achim Steiner

Head

USG

Germany

15-Jun-06 FT

14-Jun-14 RB

Yes

65 UNOV/UNODC 66 UNOWA 67 UNPOS 68 UNRWA 69 UNSCO 70 UNSCOL 71 Western-Sahara

Yuri Fedotov Said Djinnit Augustine P. Mahiga Filippo Grandi Robert H. Serry Michael Williams Christopher Ross

Head

USG

M M M M M M M

Russia Algeria Tanzania Italy Netherlands UK USA

13-Sep-10 FT 1-Apr-08 FT 1-Jul-10 FT 20-Jan-10 1-Jan-08 FT 1-Jun-07 FT 18-Jan-09 WAE

19-Sep-12 RB 31-Mar-11 30-Jun-11

Yes No No No

Representative USG Representative USG Head Coordinator Coordinator Envoy USG USG USG USG

31-Dec-10 30-Sep-11 17-Jan-11

No No No

72

BINUB

Charles Petrie

Executive Representative/RC/RR/HC and Designated Official Representative ASG Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Office in Burundi SRSG Executive Director ASG for Policy Coordination and Interagency Affairs ASG for Economic Affairs Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women ASG for Field Support

France

16-Apr-10 FT Announced on 31-DecFT 10 14-Jun-09 FT 19-Nov-07 FT

15-Apr-11

No

BNUB 73 BINUCA 74 CTED

Karin Landgren Sahle-Work Zewde Michael Peter Floyd Smith

Representative ASG Representative ASG Head ASG

F M M

Sweden Ethiopia Australia

No 13-Jun-11 31-Dec-10 RB No Yes

75 DESA 76 DESA

Thomas Stelzer Kwame S. Jomo Rachel N. Mayanja Anthony Banbury

Head Head

ASG ASG

M M

Austria Malaysia

4-Mar-08 FT 1-Jan-05 FT

3-Mar-11 31-Dec-10

RB RB

Yes Yes

77 DESA 78 DFS

Adviser Head

ASG ASG

F M

Uganda USA

15-Nov-04 FT 22-Jun-09 FT

31-Dec-10 21-Jun-11

RB RB

Yes Yes

30

No. Department/Entity Name

Function ASG for General Assembly Affairs and Conference Management Executive Director ASG for Central Support Services ASG for HR Management Controller ASG for Political Affairs

Classification

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant

79 DGACM 80 DM/CMP 81 DM/OCSS 82 DM/OHRM 83 DM/OPPBA 84 DPA

Franz Baumann Michael Adlerstein Warren Edward Sach Catherine Pollard Jun Yamazaki Taye Brook Zerihoun Oscar FernandezTaranco Babacar Gaye Atul Khare Dimitry Titov Kim Won-Soo Robert C. Orr Elizabeth Mataka George Alleyne

Head Head Head Head Head Head

ASG ASG ASG ASG ASG ASG F

M M M

Germany USA UK Guyana

13-Jun-09 FT 30-Jul-07 FT 19-Aug-08 FT 27-May-08 FT 19-Aug-08 FT 1-May-10 FT

12-Jun-11 20-Jul-11 18-Aug-11 26-May-11 18-Aug-11 30-Apr-11

RB

Yes No

RB RB RB

Yes Yes Yes No

M M

Japan Ethiopia

85 DPA 86 DPKO 87 DPKO 88 DPKO 89 EOSG 90 EOSG 91 HIV/AIDS in Africa HIV/AIDS in the 92 Caribbean Region Human Rights for Internally 93 Displaced Persons 94 ICT Implementation of the International Strategy for 95 Disaster Reduction

ASG for Political Affairs Military Adviser ASG for Peacekeeping Operations ASG for Rule of Law and Security Institutions Deputy Chef de Cabinet ASG for Policy Planning Special Envoy Special Envoy

Head Head Head Head Head Head Envoy Envoy

ASG ASG ASG ASG ASG ASG ASG ASG F

M M M M M M

Argentina Senegal India Russia ROK USA Botswana

1-Jul-09 FT 13-Sep-10 FT 1-May-10 FT 30-Aug-07 FT 1-Jan-07 FT 16-Aug-04 FT 21-May-07 $1/yr 4-Feb-03 $1/yr

30-Jun-11 12-Sep-11 30-Apr-11 29-Aug-11 31-Dec-10 31-Dec-10 31-Dec-10 31-Dec-10

RB

Yes No No

RB RB RB

Yes Yes Yes No No

Barbados

Walter Kalin Choi Soonhong

Representative Chief Information Technology Officer

Representative ASG Head ASG

M M

Switzerland ROK

21-Sep-04 28-Aug-07 FT 27-Aug-11 RB

No Yes

Margareta Wahlstrom

SRSG

Representative ASG

Sweden

1-Jan-09 FT

31-Dec-10

No

31

No. Department/Entity Name Joint African Union - United Nations Mediation Support 96 Team (JMST) Azouz Ennifar Joint Incident Prevention and Response Mechanism and the international discussions in Geneva on security and stability and the return of internally displaced persons 97 and refugees Antti Turunen 98 Malaria 99 MINURCAT 100 MINURSO 101 MINUSTAH 102 MINUSTAH Ray Chambers Rima Salah Hany AbdelAziz Kevin Kennedy Nigel Fisher Chander Prakash Wadhwa Fidele Sarassoro Leila Zerrougui

Function

Classification

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant

Deputy Chief Mediator

Mediator

ASG

Tunisia

20-Oct-08 FT

30-Nov-10

No

UN Representative Special Envoy DSRSG SRSG DSRSG DSRSG/RC/HC

Representative ASG Envoy ASG F

M M

Finland USA Jordan

14-Mar-10 FT 14-Feb-08 $1/yr 7-May-08 FT 5-Nov-09 FT 8-Apr-10 FT 3-Apr-10 FT

31-Dec-10 13-Feb-11 31-Dec-10 4-Nov-10 7-Apr-11 15-Jul-11

No No No No No No

Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Force Commander

M M M

Egypt USA Canada

103 MONUSCO 104 MONUSCO 105 MONUSCO

Force Commander DSRSG/RC/HC DSRSG ASG for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator ASG for Human Rights, New York Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva

ASG

M M F

Representative ASG Representative ASG

India Cote d'Ivoire Algeria

13-Aug-10 FT 7-Feb-10 FT 10-Oct-08 FT

12-Aug-11 6-Feb-11 9-Oct-10

No No No

106 OCHA 107 OHCHR

Catherine Bragg Ivan Simonovic Thomas Alexander Aleinikoff Kang Kyungwha

Head Head

ASG ASG

F M

Canada Croatia

11-Feb-08 FT 17-Jul-10 FT

10-Feb-11 16-Jul-11

RB

Yes No

108 OHCHR

Head

ASG

USA

30-Jan-10 FT

29-Jan-12

No

109 OHCHR

Head

ASG

ROK

1-Jan-07 FT

31-Dec-10

RB

Yes

32

No. Department/Entity Name D. Stephen 110 OLA Mathias 111 OMBUDSMAN 112 PBSO Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for 113 Central Asia Senior UN System Coordinator for Avian and Human 114 Influenza Special Adviser to the Secretary115 General 116 UN Habitat 117 UNAMA 118 UNAMA 119 UNAMI 120 UNAMI

Function ASG for Legal Affairs

Classification Head Head Head

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality ASG ASG ASG F M M USA USA Malaysia

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31 6-Sep-12 20-Apr-13 31-Aug-11

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant RB RB RB Yes Yes Yes

7-Sep-10 FT 21-Apr-08 FT 1-Sep-09 FT

Johnston Barkat Ombudsman Judy ChengHopkins ASG for Peacebuilding Support

Miroslav Jenca

SRSG and Head

Representative ASG

Slovakia

1-Jun-08 FT

31-May-11

No

David Nabarro

Coordinator

Representative ASG

UK

1-Oct-05

30-Sep-11

No

Edward C. Luck Inga BjorkKlevby Martin Kobler Robert Watkins Jerzy Skuratowicz Christine McNab

Special Adviser Deputy Executive Director DSRSG DSRSG/RC/HC DSRSG

Adviser Head

ASG ASG F

USA Sweden

21-Feb-08 $1/yr 1-Jan-06 FT 2-Apr-10 FT 24-Jun-09 FT 9-Jan-10 FT 1-Nov-09 FT

20-Feb-11 28-Dec-10 1-Apr-11 23-Jun-11 8-Jan-11 31-Oct-11

No No No No No No

Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG F

M M M

Germany Canada Poland Sweden

121 UNAMID 122 UNAMID 123 UNAMID 124 UNCTAD 125 UNCTAD 126 UNDOF 127 UNFICYP

DSRSG/RC/HC Deputy Joint AU-UN Special Representative for Operations and Mohamed Yonis Management Patrick Nyamvumba Force Commander Deputy Joint AU-UN Special Representative Petko Draganov Deputy Secretary-General Patricia Francis Natalio C. Ecarma III Executive Director Head of Mission/Force Commander

Representative ASG Force Commander ASG Representative ASG Head Head Force Commander ASG ASG ASG F F

M M

Somalia Rwanda

1-Sep-09 FT 20-Aug-09 FT

31-Aug-11 19-Aug-11

No No No Vacant

Bulgaria Jamaica

1-May-09 FT 4-Jun-06 FT 14-Feb-10 FT 16-Aug-10 FT

30-Apr-11 3-Jun-12 13-Feb-11 15-Aug-11

RB

Yes No No No

Philippines USA

Lisa Buttenheim SRSG

Representative ASG

33

No. Department/Entity Name T. Alexander 128 UNHCR Aleinikoff 129 UNIFIL 130 UNIPSIL United Nations International 131 School United Nations Office to the African Union in 132 Addis Ababa 133 UNMIL Alberto Asarta Cuevas Michael von der Schulenburg

Function Deputy High Commissioner Head of Mission/Force Commander Executive Representative

Classification Head Force Commander

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality ASG ASG M M M USA Spain Germany

Date Appointed 2-Dec-09

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant No

20-Jan-10 FT 9-Jan-09 FT

19-Jan-11 8-Jan-11

No No

Representative ASG

Silvia Fuhrman

SRSG

Representative ASG

USA

1-Aug-96 FT

30-Jun-11

No

134 UNMIL 135 UNMIS 136 UNMIS 137 UNMIT 138 UNMIT 139 UNOCI 140 UNOCI 141 UNOG 142 UNOGBIS 143 UNON/UNEP 144 UNPOS 145 UNRWA

Zachary Muburi-Muita Moustapha Soumare Henrietta Joy Abena Nyarko Mensa-Bonsu Georg Charpentier Jasbir Singh Lidder Shigeru Mochida Finn ReskeNielsen Ndolamb Ngokwey Abou Moussa Joseph Mutaboba Angela Cropper

Head of Office DSRSG/RC/HC

Head

ASG

M M

Kenya Mali

29-Sep-10 FT 30-Aug-09 FT

28-Sep-11 29-Aug-11

No No

Representative ASG

DSRSG DSRSG/RC/HC DSRSG DSRSG DSRSG/RC/HC DSRSG/RC/HC Principal DSRSG Deputy Director-General SRSG Deputy Executive Director of UNEP DSRSG

Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Representative ASG Head ASG

F M M M M M M

Ghana Finland India Japan Denmark DR Congo Chad

28-Oct-07 FT 20-Feb-10 FT 10-Jan-10 FT 30-Aug-10 FT 28-Aug-06 FT 29-Jul-10 FT 1-Sep-05 FT FT

31-Oct-11 19-Feb-11 9-Jan-11 29-Aug-11 27-Aug-11 28-Jul-11 31-Dec-10

No No No No No No No No Vacant

Representative ASG Head ASG F

Rwanda Trinidad and Tobago

7-Feb-09 FT 1-Feb-08 FT FT

31-Dec-10 31-Jan-11

No No No No Vacant

Representative ASG Head ASG F USA 20-Jan-10

Margot Ellis

Deputy CommissionerGeneral

34

No. Department/Entity Name 146 UNSCO Maxwell Gaylard Marta Ruedas

Function Deputy Special Coordinator/RC/HC Deputy Special Coordinator/RC/HC Deputy Special Coordinator/RC/HC Chief of Staff and Head of Mission SRSG

Classification Coordinator Coordinator

Country of Rank Female Male Nationality ASG ASG F M Australia Spain

Date Appointed

Contractual Duration of Status Appointment 31 29-Mar-11 31-Dec-10

Subject to Funding Geographical Position Source Distribution Vacant No No

30-Mar-08 FT 1-Oct-07 FT Announced on 22-Dec10 FT 10-Feb-09 FT 1-Sep-09 FT

147 UNSCOL

Robert Watkins 148 UNTSO Violence Against 149 Children Robert Mood Marta Santos Pais

Coordinator Head

ASG ASG F

M M

Canada Norway Portugal

No 9-Feb-11 31-Aug-11 No No

Representative ASG

Summary Total Vacant Appointments announced Female Male Fixed term WAE $1/yr Funded from regular budget (RB) Posts subject to geographical distribution

USG 71 1 16 54 47 8 11 27 27

ASG 78 3 2 19 56 69 0 4 20 20

Total 149 4 2 35 110 116 8 15 47 47

35

Annex II Historical overview of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General or equivalent ranks 32

Department Executive Office of the Secretary-General Rank Year Name Asha-Rose Migiro Vijay K. Nambiar Mark Malloch Brown Lakhdar Brahimi Maurice Strong Martin Lees Nafis I. Sadik Mohamed Sahnoun Diego Cordovez Jamsheed K.A. Marker Louise Frechette Iqbal Riza Maurice Strong Chinmaya R. Gharekhan Joseph Verner Reed Virendra Dayal Rafeeuddin Ahmed Chakravarthi V. Narasmihan Andrew W. Cordier Kim Won-Soo Alicea Barcena Ibarra Robert C. Orr Elisabeth Lindenmayer Patricia M. Durrant Diego Arria Michael Doyle Miles Stoby Gillian M. Sorensen John Ruggie Rosario Green Benita Ferrero-Waldner Alvaro de Soto Jean-Claude Aime Alvaro de Soto Aly I. Teymour Susana Malcorra Anthony Banbury Jane Hall Lute Alain Le Roy Country Tanzania India UK Algeria Canada UK Pakistan Algeria Ecuador Pakistan Canada Pakistan Canada India USA India Pakistan India USA ROK Mexico USA France Jamaica Venezuela USA Guyana USA USA Mexico Austria Peru Haiti Peru Egypt Argentina USA USA France Gender F M M M M M F M M M F M M M M M M M M M F M F F M M M F M F F M M M M F M F M

USG: 2007-current 2007-current 2005-2006 2004-2005 2003-2003 2002-2002 2001-2001 1999-1999 1999-1999 1999-1999 1998-2006 1997-2005 1997-2001 1993-1996 1992-1992 1982-1992 1978-1981 1961-1972 1953-1961 ASG: 2007-current 2005-2006 2004-current 2004-2005 2002-2003 2002-2002 2001-2002 1998-1999 1997-2002 1997-2000 1995-1996 1994-1994 1992-1994 1991-1996 1988-1990 1986-1993

Department of Field Support

USG: 2008-current ASG: 2009-current 2007-2008

Department of Peacekeeping Operations

USG: 2008-current

Source: Yearbooks of the United Nations, United Nations Info Quest (UNIQUE), United Nations Dag Hammarskjold Library

32

36

Department

Rank

Year 2000-2008 1997-2000 1993-1996 1992-1993 Bernard Miyet Kofi A. Annan

Name Jean-Marie Guehenno

Country France France Ghana UK India Senegal Nigeria Russian Federation Guatemala USA USA Peru ROK Tunisia Germany Pakistan Ghana Pakistan Iraq USA Nigeria Nigeria UK Tunisia UK Russian Federation Sierra Leone USA USSR USA UK Pakistan Ecuador USSR Somalia Niger Peru USSR USA UK USSR China USA Argentina USSR Niger Guatemala

Gender M M M M M M M M M F M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

Marrack I. Goulding Atul Khare Babacar Gaye Chikadibia Obiakor Dmitry Titov Edmond Mulet Jane Hall Lute Michael A. Sheehan Alvaro de Soto Choi Young-Jin Hedi Annabi Manfred Eisele Iqbal Riza Kofi A. Annan Rafeeuddin Ahmed Ismat Kittani B. Lynn Pascoe Ibrahim A. Gambari Ibrahim A. Gambari Kieran Prendergast Mahmoud Mestiri Marrack I. Goulding Vladimir Petrovsky James O.C. Jonah Ronald I. Spiers Vasiliy S. Safronchuk Joseph Verner Reed Marrack I. Goulding Rafeeuddin Ahmed Diego Cordovez Viacheslav A. Ustinov Abdulrahim Abby Farah Issoufou Saidou Djermakoye Javier Perez de Cuellar Mikhail D. Sytenko William B. Buffum Brian E. Urquhart Arkady N. Shevchenko Tang Ming-chao Bradford Morse Roberto E. Guyer Leonid N. Kutakov Issoufou Saidou Djermakoye Jose Rolz-Bennett

ASG: 2010-current 2010-current 2008-2010 2007-current 2007-2010 2003-2007 2001-2003 1999-2007 1998-1999 1997-2007 1994-1998 1993-1996 1992-1992 1975-1977 1973-1974 Department of Political Affairs and predecessors USG: 2007-current 2005-2007 1999-2002 1997-2005 1995-1995 1993-1996 1992-1993 1991-1994 1989-1991 1987-1991 1987-1988 1986-1991 1983-1986 1981-1988 1981-1986 1979-1990 1979-1982 1979-1980 1978-1980 1976-1986 1974-1986 1973-1977 1972-1978 1972-1975 1971-1978 1968-1972 1967-1972 1965-1970

37

Department

Rank

Year 1965-1967 1963-1965 1963-1964 1962-1963 1962-1963 1960-1961 1959-1960 1958-1959 1958-1958 1956-1964 1954-1970 1954-1957 1953-1956 1953-1953 1952-1953

Name Alexei E. Nesterenko Godfrey K. J. Amachree Vladimir P. Suslov Omar Loutfi Evgeny D. Kiselyv Georgy P. Arkadev Chakravarthi V. Narasmihan Anatoly F. Dobrynin Humphrey Trevelyan Dragoslav Protitch Ralph Bunche Benjamin A. Cohen Ilya S. Tchernychev Victor Hoo Constantin E. Zinchenko Taye-Brook Zerihoun Oscar Fernandez-Taranco Haile Menkerios Angela Kane Javier Ruperez Tulaimeni Kalomoh Danilo Turk Ibrahima Fall Alvaro de Soto G.B. Schlittler-Silva Lansana Kouyate Rosario Green Benon Vahe Sevan Giandomenico Picco Alvaro de Soto Sotirios Mousouris James O.C. Jonah Iqbal A. Akhund Najmuddine S. Rifai Robert Muller George L. Sherry Fou-Tchin Liu Enuga Reddy M'Hamed Essaafi Fou-Tchin Liu Ilter Turkmen Gordon K. Goundrey Abdulrahim Abby Farah Brian E. Urquhart Arkady Sobolev Gregory B. Starr David Veness USSR

Country Nigeria USSR USSR USSR India USSR UK Yugoslavia USA Chile USSR China USSR Ethiopia Argentina Eritrea Germany Spain Namibia Slovenia Senegal Peru Brazil Guinea Mexico Cyprus Italy Peru Greece Sierra Leone Pakistan Syria France USA China India Tunisia China Turkey Canada Somalia UK USSR USA UK

Gender M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M F M M M F M M M F M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

United Arab Republic M

ASG: 2010-current 2009-current 2007-2010 2005-2008 2004-2007 2002-2007 2000-2005 1997-2001 1995-1999 1995-1995 1994-1996 1994-1994 1992-1993 1992-1992 1991-1992 1987-1991 1987-1990 1985-1986 1985-1986 1984-1985 1984-1984 1983-1986 1983-1984 1980-1981 1980-1980 1979-1979 1978-1981 1973-1978 1972-1973 1946-1948 Department of Safety and Security USG: 2009- current 2005-2008

38

Department Department of Economic and Social Affairs and predecessors

Rank

Year

Name

Country

Gender

USG: 2007- current 2003-2007 1996-1996 1993-1996 1992-2002 1991-1995 1989-1991 1987-1991 1985-1990 1982-1986 1979-1984 1978-1988 1978-1981 1975-1977 1973-1978 1954-1974 ASG: 2008-current 2005-current 2004-current 1998-2007 1997-2003 1987-1987 1986-1986 1985-1992 1985-1987 1984-1986 1984-1986 1981-1991 1981-1985 1981-1983 1978-1986 1978-1984 1978-1984 1978-1980 1972-1980 1972-1972 1962-1971 1951-1954 1946-1951 1946-1950

Sha Zukang Jose Antonio Ocampo Jin Yongjian Jean-Claude Milleron Nitin Desai Ji Chaozhu Antoine Blanca Rafeeuddin Ahmed Xie Qimei Shuaib Uthman Yolah Bi Jilong Jean Louis Ripert K.K.S. Dadzie Gabriel Van Laetham Issoufou Saidou Djermakoye Philippe de Seynes Thomas Stelzer Jomo Kwame Sundaram Rachel Mayanja Patrizio M. Civili Angela E.V. King Meredith Alister McIntyre Tamar Oppenheimer Goran P. Ohlin Luis Maria Gomez Sotirios Mousouris Vladimir S. Pozharski Enrique ter Horst Leticia R. Shahani Robert Muller Margaret Joan Anstee Peter Hansen P.N. Dhar Diego Cordovez Helvi Sipila Abdulrahim Abby Farah Victor Hoo Guillaume Georges-Picot David K. Owen Henri Laugier

China Colombia China France India China France Pakistan China Nigeria China France Ghana France Niger France Austria Malaysia Uganda Italy Jamaica Grenada Canada Sweden Argentina Greece USSR Venezuela Philippines France UK Denmark India Ecuador Finland Somalia China France UK France

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M F M F M F M M M M M F M F M M M F M M M M M

Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services and predecessors

USG: 2007- current 2001-2006 1997-2000 1982-1991

Shaaban Muhammad Shaaban Chen Jian Yongjian Jin Eugeniusz Wyzner

Egypt China China Poland

M M M M

39

Department

Rank

Year 1972-1981 1962-1971 1954-1961 Giri Nosek Victor Hoo

Name Bohdan Lewandowski

Country Poland Czechoslovakia China Germany Ethiopia Germany Guyana Chile India Netherlands Germany Mexico USA USA USA USA USA Canada Finland Argentina Finland Spain FR Germany Canada UK UK

Gender M M M M M F M M M M F F M F M F M M M M M M M M M M

ASG: 2009-current 2006-2009 2004-2005 2001- 2003 1997-2000 1953-1954 1946-1949 Department of Management USG: 2008- current 2007-2008 2005-2006 2003-2005 1994-2002 1993-1993 1992-1992 1991-1991 1990-1990 1989-1989 1987-1988 1982-1986 1979-1981 1972-1978 1971-1971 1968-1970 1954-1967 1946-1953 DM/Capital Master Plan ASG: 2007-current 2005-2006 2004-2004 2003-2004 DM/Office of Central Support Services ASG: 2008-current 2003-2007 1998-2003 1994-1997 1993-1993 1992-1993 1987-1992 1984-1986 1977-1983 1972-1976 1953-1971 1947-1953 1946-1947 DM/Office of Human Resources Management ASG: 2008- current

Franz Baumann Yohannes Mengesha Angela Kane Miles Stoby Federico Riesco-Quintana Shamaldharee Lall Adriannus Adrian Pelt Angela Kane Alicia Barcena Ibarra Christopher Bancroft Burnham Catherine Bertini Joseph E. Connor Melissa Wells Dick Thornburgh J. Richard Foran Martii Ahtisaari Luis Maria Gomez Martii Ahtisaari Patricio Ruedas Helmut F. Debatin George F. Davidson Horatio Keith Matthews Andrew A. Stark Department of Administrative and Financial Services was discontinued Byron Price Michael Adlerstein Louis Frederick Reuter IV Vacant Toshiyuki Niwa Warren Sach Andrew Toh Toshiyuki Niwa Benon Vahe Sevan Carole R. Thompson Francoise Cestac J. Richard Foran Alice Weil Clayton C. Timbrell Robert J. Ryan David B. Vaughn Byron F. Wood John B. Hutson Catherine Pollard

USA USA USA Japan UK Singapore Japan Cyprus USA France Canada USA USA USA USA Canada USA Guyana

M M M M M M M M F F M F M M M M M F

40

Department

Rank

Year 2005-2008 2003-2005 1997-2003 1994-1996 1993-1993 1992-1992 1990-1991 1987-1989 1985-1987 1983-1986 1982-1982 1979-1986 1969-1978 1962-1967 1959-1961 1958-1958 1954-1957 Jan Beagle

Name Rosemary McCreery Rafiah Salim Dennis J. Halliday Christine Dodson Armando Duque Gonzalez Abdou Ciss Kofi A. Annan Mercedes Pulido de Briceno Louis-Pascal Negre Leila H. Doss James O.C. Jonah Mohamed Habib Gherab Alexander MacFarquhar W. A. B. Hamilton John McDiarmid J. A. C. Robertson Jun Yamazaki Warren Sach Jean-Pierre Halbwachs Yukio Takasu J. Richard Foran Kofi A. Annan Luis Maria Gomez J. Richard Foran Patricio Ruedas Helmut F. Debatin Wilbur H. Ziehl Bruce R. Turner H. C. Andersen Kiyotaka Akasaka Shashi Tharoor Kensaku Hogen Eugeniusz Wyzner Therese Paquet-Sevigny Yasushi Akashi Hernane Tavares de Sa Ahmed S. Bokhari Samir Sanbar Marco Vianello-Chiodo Genichi Akatani Agha Abdul Hamid Benjamin A. Cohen

Country New Zealand Ireland Malaysia Ireland USA Colombia Senegal Ghana Venezuela Mali Egypt Sierra Leone Tunisia UK UK USA UK Japan UK Mauritius Japan Canada Ghana Argentina Canada Spain FR Germany USA New Zealand Iceland Japan India Japan Poland Canada Japan Brazil Pakistan Lebanon Italy Japan Pakistan Chile

Gender F F F M F M M M F M F M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M F M M M M M M M M

DM/Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts

ASG: 2008-current 2005-2008 1996-2005 1992-1995 1992-1992 1990-1991 1987-1989 1982-1986 1979-1981 1974-1978 1972-1973 1955-1971 1954-1954

Department of Public Information

USG: 2007- current 2001-2007 1998-2001 1992-1992 1987-1991 1979-1986 1960-1964 1954-1958 ASG: 1994-1997 1993-1993 1972-1978 1968-1971 1946-1954

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

USG: 2007- current 2000-2007

Noeleen Heyzer Kim Hak-Su

Singapore ROK

F M

41

Department

Rank

Year 1995-2000 1994-1994 1992-1994 1981-1992 1973-1981 1959-1973 1956-1959 1947-1956 Adrianus Mooy

Name Seiko Takahashi Rafeeuddin Ahmed S.A.M.S. Kibria J.B.P. Maramis U Nyun Chakravarthi V. Narasmihan P.S. Lokanathan Japan

Country Indonesia Pakistan Bangladesh Indonesia Myanmar India India

Gender M F M M M M M M

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

USG: 2010-current 2007-2010 2000-2007 1995-2000 1993-1995 1989-1993 1985-1988 1974-1985

Rima Khalaf Bader Al-Dafa Mervat Tallawy Hazem El-Beblawi Sabbaheddin Bakjaji Tayseer Abdel Jaber Mohammad Said Al-Nabulsi Mohammad Said Al-Attar Abdoulie Janneh Kingsley Amoako Layashi Yaker Issa Diallo Adebayo Adedeji Robert K.A. Gardiner Mekki Abbas Jan Kubis Marek Belka Brigita Schmognerova Danuta Hubner Yves Berthelot Gerald Hinteregger Klaus Sahlgren Janez Stanovnik Vladimir Velebit Sakari Tuomioja Gunnar Myrdal

Jordan Qatar Egypt Egypt Syria Jordan Jordan Yemen Gambia Ghana Algeria Guniea Nigeria Ghana Sudan Slovakia Poland Slovakia Poland France Austria Finland Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Finland Sweden

F M F M M M M M M M M M M M M M M F F M M M M M M M

Economic Commission for Africa

USG: 2005-current 1995-2005 1992-1995 1991-1992 1975-1991 1961-1975 1959-1961

Economic Commission for Europe

USG: 2009-current 2005-2008 2002-2005 2000-2001 1993-2000 1987-1993 1983-1986 1968-1982 1960-1967 1957-1960 1947-1957

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

USG: 2008-current 2003-2008 1998-2003 1988-1997 1985-1987 1972-1985 1967-1972 1963-1966 1950-1963 1948-1950

Alicia Barcena Ibarra Jose Luis Machinea Jose Antonio Ocampo Gert Rosenthal Norberto Gonzalez Enrique V. Iglesias Carlos Quintana Jose Antonio Mayobre Raul Prebisch Gustavo Martinez Cabanas

Mexico Argentina Colombia Guatemala Argentina Uruguay Mexico Venezuela Argentina Mexico

F M M M M M M M M M

42

Department Office for Disarmament Affairs

Rank

Year

Name Sergio de Queiroz Duarte Nobuaki Tanaka Nobuyasu Abe Jayantha Dhanapala Prvoslav Davinic Yasushi Akashi Jan Martenson Jan Martenson Rolf G. Bjornerstedt Brazil Japan Japan

Country

Gender M M M M M M M M M

USG: 2007-current 2006-2007 2003-2006 1998-2003 1992-1997 1987-1991 1982-1987 ASG: 1979-1982 1977-1979

Sri Lanka Yugoslavia Japan Sweden Sweden Sweden

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and predecessors

2010USG: Current 2007-2010 2003-2007 2001-2003 1998-2000 1996-1998 1994-1996 1992-1994 1982-1992 1972-1981 ASG: 2008-current 2004-2008 2000-2003 1996-1996

Valerie Amos John Holmes Jan Egland Kenzo Oshima Sergio Vieira de Mello Yasushi Akashi Peter Hansen Jan K. Eliasson M'Hamed Essaafi Faruk N. Berkol Catherine Bragg Margareta Wahlstrom Carolyn McAskie Gualtiero Fulcheri Choi Soon-Hong Carman Lapointe Inga-Britt Ahlenius Dileep Nair Vacant Karl Theodor Paschke Mohamed Aly Niazi Patricia O'Brien Nicolas Michel Hans Axel Valdemar Corell Carl-August Fleischhauer Eric Suy Constantin A. Stavropoulos Stephen Mathias Peter Taksoe-Jensen Larry Johnson Robin Vincent Ralph Zacklin Ivan S. Kerno Abraham F. Feller

UK UK Norway Japan Brazil Japan Denmark Sweden Tunisia Turkey Canada Sweden Canada Italy ROK Canada Sweden Singapore Germany Egypt Ireland Switzerland Sweden Germany Belgium Greece USA Denmark USA UK UK Czechoslovakia USA

F M M M M M M M M M F F F M M F F M M M F M M M M M M M M M M M M

Office of Information and Communication Technology Office of Internal Oversight Services and predecessors

ASG: 2007-current USG: 2010-current 2005-2010 2000-2005 1999-1999 1994-1999 ASG: 1993-1994

Office of Legal Affairs

USG: 2008- current 2004-2008 1994-2004 1983-1994 1974-1982 1953-1973 ASG: 2010-current 2008-2010 2006-2008 2002-2002 1998-2006 1946-1952 1946-1952

43

Department Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

Rank

Year

Name

Country

Gender

USG: 2008-current 2004-2008 2003-2004 2002-2003 1997-2002 1994-1996 ASG: 2010-current 2010-current 2007-current 2004-2006 1998-2002 1993-1996

Navanethem Pillay Louise Arbour Bertrand Ramcharan Sergio Vieira de Mello Mary Robinson Jose Ayala Lasso Ivan Simonovic Thomas Alexander Aleinikoff Kang Kyung-wha Mehr Khan Williams Bertrand Ramcharan Ibrahima Fall

South Africa Canada Guyana Brazil Ireland Ecuador Croatia USA ROK Pakistan Guyana Senegal

F F M M F M M M F F M F

Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States Office of the Iraq Programme (Oil for Food: 1997-2004)

USG: 2007-current 2002-2006 USG: 2001-2001 1997-2004 ASG: 2004-2004 2000-2001 1998-1999

Cheick Sidi Diarra Anwarul Karim Chowdhury Yuli Vorontsov Benon Vahe Sevan Ramiro Lopes da Silva Tun Myat Hans von Sponeck Judy Cheng-Hopkins Jane Hall Lute Carolyn McAskie Supachai Panitchpakdi Rubens Ricupero Kenneth K.S. Dadzie Gamani Corea Manuel Perez-Guerrero Raul Prebisch Petko Draganov Patricia Francis Carlos Fortin Cabezas Carlos Fortin Cabezas Yves Berthelot Meredith Alister McIntyre Johannes Pronk Bernard T. Chidzero Stein Rossen

Mali Bangladesh Russian Federation Cyprus Portugal Myanmar Germany Malaysia USA Canada Thailand Brazil Ghana Sri Lanka Venezuela Argentina Bulgaria Jamaica Chile Chile France Grenada Netherlands Zimbabwe Rhodesia Norway

M M M M M M M F F F M M M M M M M F M M M M M M M

Peacebuilding Support Office

ASG: 2009-current 2008-2009 2006-2008

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

USG: 2005-current 1995-2003 1986-1994 1974-1984 1969-1973 1963-1968 ASG: 2009-current 2006-current 1998-2005 1993-1994 1985-1992 1982-1986 1980-1985 1977-1979 1976-1978

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

USG: 2010-current USG: 2005-current

Michelle Bachelet Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres

Chile Portugal

F M

44

Department

Rank

Year 2001-2005 1991-2000 1990-1990 1986-1989 1978-1985 1965-1977 1960-1965 1956-1960 1951-1956 Sadako Ogata

Name Rudolphus Lubbers Thorvald Stoltenberg Jean-Pierre Hocke Poul Hartling Sadruddin Aga Khan Felix Schnyder Auguste R. Lindt Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart T. Alexander Aleinikoff L. Craig Johnstone Wendy Chamberlin Mary Ann Wyrsch Frederick Barton Gerald Walzer Martin Douglas Stafford Arthur Eugene Dewey William Richard Smyser Dale S. De Haan Sadruddin Aga Khan Sergei Ordzhonikidze Vladimir Petrovsky Sotirios Mousouris Antoine Blanca Jan Martenson Miljan Komatina Eric Suy Mowaffak Allaf Rikhi Jaipal Luigi Cottafavi Vittorio Winspeare-Guicciardi Pier P. Spinelli Adriannus Adrian Pelt Arthur Rucker J. Franklin Ray Wlodzimierz Moderow Joan Clos Achim Steiner Anna Tibaijuka Klaus Toepfer Elizabeth Dowdeswell Arcot Ramachandran Mostafa Kamal Tolba Maurice Strong Angela Cropper Inga Bjork-Klevby Hamdallah Zedan Japan

Country Netherlands Norway Switzerland Denmark Iran Switzerland Switzerland Netherlands USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA Iran Russian Federation Russian Federation Greece France Sweden Yugoslavia Belgium Syrian India Italy Italy Italy Netherlands UK USA Poland Spain Germany Tanzania Germany Canada India Egypt Canada Trinidad and Tobago Sweden Egypt

Gender M F M M M M M M M M M F F M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M F M F M M M F F M

ASG: 2010-current 2007-2009 2004-2007 2001-2003 1999-2001 1993-1999 1990-1992 1986-1989 1981-1985 1980-1980 1963-1965 United Nations Office at Geneva USG: 2002-current 1993-2002 1992-1994 1992-1993 1987-1991 1985-1991 1983-1986 1980-1981 1979-1984 1977-1982 1968-1977 1958-1967 1954-1957 1953-1953 1952-1952 1946-1952 United Nations Office at Nairobi / UN Habitat USG: 2010-current 2009-current 2002-2009 1998-2007 1993-1997 1978-1992 1975-1992 1973-1974 ASG: 2008-current 2006-current 2002-2005

45

Department

Rank

Year 2000-2001 1998-2006 1998-1998 1997-1997 1994-1996 1991-1992 1989-1991 1986-1991 1984-1992 1983-1985 1982-1988 1981-1986 1977-1982 1977-1980 1977-1980 1977-1977 1976-1976 1975-1976 1973-1974 1973-1974 Anna Tibaijuka

Name Shafqat S. Kakakhel Reuben James Olembo Darshan Johal Wally N'Dow Anthony T. Brough Sveneld Evteev William H. Mansfield III Sumihiro Kuyama Joseph Wheeler Genady N. Golubev Rudolph Schmidt Peter Shaw Thacher Horst Peter Oltmanns Sveneld Evteev Cesar Quintana David A. Munro Richard B. Stedman Mostafa Kamal Tolba Robert A. Frosch Yuri Fedotov Antonio Maria Costa Giuseppe Pino Arlacchi Giorgio Giacomelli Margaret Joan Anstee Mowaffak Allaf Charles Bourbonniere Giuseppe di Gennaro Mowaffak Allaf Bror A. Rexed Jacobus De Beus Johnston Barkat Patricia M. Durrant

Country Tanzania Pakistan Kenya Canada Gambia UK USSR USA Japan USA USSR Germany USA Germany USSR USA Canada USA Egypt USA Russian Federation Italy Italy Italy UK Syrian Canada Italy Syria Sweden Netherlands USA Jamaica

Gender F M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M F M M M M M M M F

United Nations Office at Vienna

USG: 2010-current 2002-2010 1997-2002 1991-1996 1987-1991 1984-1986 1980-1982 ASG: 1982-1992 1982-1983 1978-1981 1976-1977

United Nations Ombudsman

ASG: 2008-current 2004-2008

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East USG: 2010-current 2005-2010 1996-2005 1991-1996 1985-1991 1979-1985 1977-1979 1971-1977 1964-1971 1959-1963 1958-1958 1954-1958 1951-1953

Filippo Grandi Karen AbuZayd Peter Hansen Ilter Turkmen Giorgio Giacomelli Olof Rydbeck Thomas W. McElhiney John Shaw Rennie Laurence Michelmore John H. Davis Leslie J. Carver Henry R. Labouisse John B. Blandford

Italy USA Denmark Turkey Italy Sweden USA UK USA USA UK USA USA

M F M M M M M M M M M M M

46

Department

Rank

Year 1950-1951 Margot Ellis Filippo Grandi Karen AbuZayd

Name Howard Kennedy USA Italy USA

Country Canada

Gender M F M F M M M M M

ASG: 2010-current 2005-2009 2001-2004 1997-2000 1995-1996 1994-1994 1988-1993 1985-1987

Mohamed Abdelmoumene Luce Daniele Biolato Mohamed Abdelmoumene William L. Eagleton Robert S. Dillon

Algeria Italy Algeria USA USA

47

Annex III Overview of comments from the United Nations Secretariat on the JIU draft report 1. As this is a report on possible measures to further enhance transparency in the selection and appointment process of senior managers, the Inspectors were surprised that the United Nations Secretariat comments were designated as confidential, a classification the Inspectors understand to mean that they are not to be made public. The Inspectors believe this does not comport with the notion of transparency, be it transparency in the preparation of this particular report or transparency in the appointment and selection process of senior managers. Moreover, the Inspectors could find nothing in the confidential comments that would warrant such a classification nor could they find a compelling or convincing rationale for this designation as it pertains to this report in the Secretary-Generals bulletin on Information sensitivity, classification and handling (ST/SGB/2007/6). Nevertheless, due to the confidential marking of the comments, and in accordance with article 6(3) of the JIU Statute, the Inspectors did not feel they were in a position to share the Secretariats comments without their consent; Member States, if they so wish, are free to request the United Nations to declassify them. Accordingly, neither those comments nor the Inspectors analysis on them have been included in this annex. 2. The Inspectors did make a number of clarifications and changes in the text at the suggestion of the Secretariat, for which they are grateful. But most suggested changes to the guidelines and website have not been accommodated as they simply eviscerate the entire report. Major transparency initiatives and website content are asked to be removed, or are deemed impracticable, either because the Secretariat feels they breach confidentiality of the process or impinge on the Secretary-Generals discretionary authority. The Inspectors believe to do so would take the Secretariat back to square one and maintain the status quo. Throughout the Secretariats comments, concerns are expressed about the need for confidentiality of the process, writ large, which is in contrast with the objectives of this report. The Inspectors believe the challenge is to strike a balance between providing enough information to Member States so they are confident that the process is open, fair and transparent without compromising the privacy of the candidates or jeopardizing the confidentiality of the deliberative processes of either the interview panels or the SecretaryGeneral himself. The Inspectors believe this balance has been struck with their suggested guidelines and website. 3. A careful reading of the recommended guidelines and website content makes clear that there should be no compromise to the integrity or effectiveness of the Secretary-Generals deliberations. The Inspectors were careful to ensure the privacy of the candidates while making the overall process more transparent to Member States and to the candidates themselves. The Inspectors do not believe and do not agree that the contents of either of the two recommendations in any way breach the Secretary-Generals discretionary authority, nor are there any confidentiality issues involved. As explained in the report in paragraphs 46 to 48, the Secretary-General has the discretionary authority to select and appoint whomever he wishes. But, the Secretary-General should not have carte blanche to avoid the process he himself has created. That process, set out in the Secretary-Generals accountability report (A/64/640), is in place, but opaque. The Inspectors accept that any process, be it for Headquarters-based, field-based, or other senior positions, is and will be fraught with political volatility, but that cannot be used as an excuse to bypass transparency in the selection and appointment process of these individuals. The Inspectors believe the suggested guidelines and website information should obviate any concerns in this regard and invite Member States to accept, reject or modify the recommendations in this report as appropriate.

48

Annex IV: Overview of action to be taken by participating organizations on JIU recommendations JIU/REP/2011/2

United Nations, its funds and programmes

Intended impact United Nations* UN-HABITAT

Specialized agencies and IAEA

UNCTAD

UNESCO

UNWTO

UNRWA

UNICEF

UNODC

UNHCR

UNOPS

UNFPA

UNIDO

WIPO

UNDP

WMO

UNEP

ICAO

WHO

Report

For action For information a a

Recommendation 1 Recommendation 2

L L

Legend:

L: :

Recommendation for decision by legislative organ Recommendation does not require action by this organization d: enhanced controls and compliance

Intended impact: a: enhanced accountability b: dissemination of best practices c: enhanced coordination and cooperation e: enhanced effectiveness f: significant financial savings g: enhanced efficiency o: other * Covers all entities listed in ST/SGB/2002/11 other than UNCTAD, UNODC, UNEP, UN-HABITAT, UNHCR, UNRWA.

IAEA

WFP

FAO

IMO

UPU

ILO

ITU