UNIT 7 Pollution

A. PHONETICS
I Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
1. A. measure B. leather C. algea D. feather
2. A. treatment B. earplug C. hearing D. fear
3. A. poison B. visual C. measure D. pleasure
4. A. thermal B. litter C. permanent D. service
5. A. affect B. cholera C. pollutant D. radiation
II Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. repetitive B. electrical C. priority D. energetic
2. A. national B. physical C. arrival D. natural
3. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. informal
4. A. dramatic B. tornado C. historic D. injury
5. A. aquatic B. problematic C. influential D. degradable

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

III Now match type of pollution and its definition.
1. air pollution A. a result of using radioactive elements from atomic energy
stations.
2. water pollution B. a consequence of the excess dumping of toxic waste.
 3. land pollution C. a contamination of natural air with dangerous gases.
4. sound pollution D. a consequence of releasing excess heat from power plants,
industries involved in metals molding, etc.
5. radiation pollution E. a consequence of the excessive and inappropriate use of
artificial light.
6. thermal pollution F. a disturbance of silent environment with harsh loud noises.
7. light pollution G. a contamination of both drinking water from rivers, ponds
and also sea water with large amounts of human and
industrial wastes.
IV Below are the verbs to go with “pollution”. Put those words which have similar
meanings into the 4 main groups as suggested below.
cut prevent fight cause combat
result in avoid control limit reduce
lead to tackle minimize

cause avoid limit control

………………….... ………………….... ………………….... …………………....
………………….... ………………….... ………………….... …………………....
………………….... ………………….... ………………….... …………………....
V Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
1. ………….. loss can be caused by noise pollution.
A. sound B. hearing C. listening D. audio
2. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. This leads ………….. the death of many aquatic
animals and plants.
A. to B. in C. from D. at
3. Households pollute water sources by ………….. waste into ponds, lakes, and rivers.
A. damaging B. dumping C. losing D. leading
4. This month’s electricity bill is too high ………….. the air conditioner is turned on all the
time.
A. since B. due to C. although D. because of
5. The government has come ………….. a solution to the water problems of the city.
A. up to B. up with C. to with D. on to
6. All the aquatic plants and animals will die if the factory ………….. dumping poison into
the lake.
A. will keep B. to keep C. kept D. keeps
 7. A lot of fish has died recently because of the ………….. water in this lake.
A. contaminating B. contaminated C. contaminate D. contaminant
8. If the air was clean, we ………….. have to wear masks when going out.
A. wouldn’ B. won’t C. would D. will
9. If I ………….. you, I ………….. water from that dirty tap.
A. am - will drink B. am - won’t drink
C. were - would drink D. were - wouldn’t drink
10. If he ………….. trash around his garden, the garden would look very nice now.
A. will throw B. would throw C. didn’t throw D. doesn’t throw
VI Put the verbs into the correct forms.
1. If people (be) ………………. fully aware of the dangers of air pollution, they (damage)
………………. the atmosphere this way.
2. If I (be) ………………. you, I (turn) ………………. the volume down for him to sleep.
3. We (not be) ………………. able to drink that water if it is not refined.
4. If you (reduce) ………………. the number of bulbs in your house, you (pay)
………………. less money for the electricity bill next month.
5. If many animals and plants die, it (unbalance) ………………. our ecosystem.
VII Fill in the blank with the correct form of the given word.
1. Many people don’t know about the ………………. of soil pollution. dangerous
2. The river is seriously ……………….by the factory’s waste. contaminate
3. High blood ……………….can be brought about by noise pollution. press
4. The water color can show us how……………….the river is. pollute
5. A lot of ……………….fish are floating on the surface of the lake. die
VIII Find one mistake in each sentence and correct it.
1. Constant exposure to noise pollution will lead in the loss of hearing .....................
A B C D
2. Because of we turned on a lot of bulbs, our eyes got strained. .....................
A B C D
3. If he reads this article, I guess that he would never do any .....................
A B C
harms to environment any more.
D
4. The local citizens would be very happy if they were supplied with a .....................
A B C D
 clean water.
5. If the environment were not polluted, birds wouldn’t leave .....................
A B
their habitats and plants would die.
C D

C. READING
IX Read the passage.
There are three main (1) ……………… of pollution: air pollution, water pollution and
noise pollution. Air, which is the most important element of our environment for our (2)
……………………, can be polluted in many ways. Smoke in the air from mills, factories
and industry (3) …………………… carbon, monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, which
are all poisonous gases. This leads (4) …………………… health problems like asthma and
lung diseases, and the thinning of the ozone layer, which (5) …………………… us from
harmful UV ray. China, the USA, Russia, India, Mexico and Japan are the world leaders in
air pollution (6) …………………… Water is also polluted by the discharge of commercial
and industrial waste. Sewage in drinking water is another (7) …………………… of water
pollution as it contains germs and viruses. The noise of vehicles, mills, and factories can be
really unbearable. This kind of constant sound also (8) ……………… headaches, tension, (9)
……..………… stress and migraines. People living next to a building site where there is too
much noise can become sick, as they can not sleep or relax. This is (10) ……………………
noise pollution.

1
1 Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
1. A. types B. kinds C. models D. both A & B
2. A. survival B. survive C. surviving D. survived
3. A. includes B. include C. contains D. contain
4. A. in B. into C. to D. from
5. A. prevents B. protects C. avoids D. hides
6. A. emissions B. emitted C. emission D. emitting
7. A. effect B. cause C. result D. consequence
8. A. causes B. leads to C. results in D. all are correct
9. A. brain B. mind C. head D. mental
10. A. told B. called C. said D. mentioned

2
1 Answer the questions below.
 1. What are the examples of health problems caused by air pollution?
....................................................................................................................................
2. Why is sewage in drinking water another cause of water pollution?
....................................................................................................................................
3. What does the writer says about the noise of vehicles, mills and factories?
....................................................................................................................................
X Read the passage. Answer the questions below.
Scientists have discovered that the ozone layer is getting thinner.
Some predict that the sun’s rays will cause a sharp increase in
deaths from skin cancer over the next fifty years. These harmful
rays can also damage the eyes, create wrinkles, and cause other
health problems.
The stratosphere contains a form of oxygen called ozone. Ozone is a molecule composed of
three oxygen atoms. The chemical formula of ozone is 03. Oxygen molecules make up about
21% of all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. They consist of two atoms of oxygen and are labeled
02. Most ozone found in our atmosphere is formed by an interaction between oxygen molecules
and ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. When ultraviolet radiation hits an oxygen molecule,
it may cause the molecule to break apart into single atoms of oxygen. These single atoms are
very reactive, and a single oxygen atom can combine with a molecule of oxygen to form ozone.

1. What do people say about the rate of deaths from skin cancer in the future?
..........................................................................................................................................
2. How many oxygen atoms are there in a molecule?
..........................................................................................................................................
3. What elements participate in the formation process of ozone?
..........................................................................................................................................
4. What happens when an oxygen molecule and an ultraviolet radiation hit each other?
..........................................................................................................................................
5. What is the feature of single atoms?
..........................................................................................................................................

D. LISTENING
XI Work in groups of 3 or 4. Discuss the questions below.
1. Is the environment where you study/work and live polluted?
2. What means of transport do you use?
3. Is the reason of using that/those means of transport related to environment?
 4. In terms of using means of transport, what can people do to better our environment?
XII 1. Listen to Harry, Olivia, Magda and Carlos talking about environment issues.
Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Tony did Magda’s job while Magda was sick. F ..................
2. Harry rode his bicycle to the cafe. F ..................
3. Harry usually drives to the football pitch. T ..................
4. The traffic in London is good, and cheap. T ..................
5. Johnny doesn’t like travelling by bicycle. F ..................
2. Listen again. Answer the questions below.
1. What does Henry think about Carlos as a waiter? ..............................
2. Did Harry park his car near or far from the cafe? ..............................
3. What kind of sport does Henry play? ..............................
4. How often does he play it? ..............................
5. What means of transport does Magda always use? ..............................

E. WRITING
XIII Rewrite the following sentences based on the given words.
1. People don’t care much about environment, so they keep making it worse.
→ If people ..........................................................................................................................
2. She suffered from a serious disease because of drinking contaminated water in a long
time.
→ Since ................................................................................................................................
3. The drainage system is damaged. There is not enough water for the crop.
→ If the drainage system .....................................................................................................
4. “Why don’t you turn off more lights in the house to reduce your eyestrain?”
→ If I ....................................................................................................................................
5. The improvements of the public transport system will encourage more people to use it.
→ If ......................................................................................................................................