Final pneumatic-Can-Crusher-Project
Final pneumatic-Can-Crusher-Project
Final pneumatic-Can-Crusher-Project
Can Crusher
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CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
A Can Crusher is a pneumatic device which is used for squashing food and
beverage cans to save space for recycling. The disposal of the used cans can pose a
problem because the empty cans occupy space. Also the transport of empty cans become
difficult. There is a need to crush these cans. So that they occupy smaller space for storage
& transport. This will help recycling of the material of the can. It can be placed
everywhere, in the park, houses. To design the pneumatic part of a can crusher and to
fabricate the pneumatic part of the system is the step to learn pneumatic engineering.
Recycling plays a very important role to save our natural resources, as all we
know we have limited natural resources. Now days, all packaging materials available are
made up of recycling material only like paper, Aluminum, etc. and also we have a
different recycling processes for material like plastic polymers.
Anyone who has ever tried to recycle aluminum cans has experienced the
massive amount of space they can take up. You can easily fill up several garbage bags
with a small number of cans, and before you know it, you can have whole rooms filled
with bags that weigh almost nothing. The big problem is that empty cans are mostly air,
so when you try to store them, they take up a lot more space than they have to. This
problem is exacerbated if you live in an area where you have to personally transport your
cans to be cycling facility.
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This inefficiency and wasted space has led to the invention of a handy device
called a can crusher, and if you’re going to get serious about recycling, they’re a must
have item. There are many different designs for can crushers but they all have one thing
in common; they save you a lot of space, and they make it a lot easier to store old cans
for recycling.
A lot of people recycle cans for financial reasons, and it can really pay off
when you have a can crusher, because it means fewer trips to bring more cans. A bag full
of crushed cans in the current market will add up to around Rs.400/- and that is a drastic
improvement over the total you get with uncrushed cans. Because of the convenience
they add to the recycling process and the money they save you, these devices tend to pay
for themselves very quickly.
There are various methods, by which these cans are crushed by different types
of can crushers. Some can crushers, crush the can by pressing into it from both the sides,
while some can crushers smash the can from above. The two prominently used methods
of can crushing are pneumatic method, wherein the cans are crushed by machines
powered by electricity, and manual method, wherein the cans are crushed by machines
operated manually by humans.
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Therefore it is a principal object of the present invention, to provide a machine
that crushes emptied cans so that they take up less space, thus allowing more of them to
fit inside a bag.
Users of this Can are facing problem of storage, after using it. When people
footstep the tin after finishes their drink, the tin always not look symmetrically flat and it
look messy. This condition sometime makes tin produce the sharp adage will harm or
injured the people.
Furthermore, people always throw the can anywhere. These conditions makes
pollution for this environment, become bad surrounding and separate the ditches.
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1.3 ABOUT THE PROJECT
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CHAPTER -2
Can recycling is a very important part of any family and community recycling
program. Aluminum recycling is one of the easiest things you can do to help the
environment. Recycling of can began long ago and started to become common place back in
the early 1970s.
Can is 100% renewable. This means that the can you take to your local
recycling center today becomes a new aluminum can. There are no waste products in the
process of making aluminum a 100% renewable resource and one of the best things you
can recycle. You might be surprised to know that within 60 days an aluminum can is able
to go from your recycling center and become a brand new can to be used by consumers.
2.1 CRUSHER
Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces,
and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within
the material being crushed. so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change
alignment in relation to (deformation), each other.
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The earliest crushers were hand-held stones, where the weight of the stone
provided a boost to muscle power, used against a stone anvil. Querns and mortars are
types of these crushing devices.
In operation, the raw material (of various sizes) is usually delivered to the
primary crusher's hopper by dump trucks, excavators or wheeled front-end loaders. A
feeder device such as a conveyor or vibrating grid controls the rate at which this material
enters the crusher, and often contains a preliminary screening device which allows
smaller material to bypass the crusher itself, thus improving efficiency. Primary crushing
reduces the large pieces to a size which can be handled by the downstream machinery.
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2.3 PNEUMATICS
Pneumatics is a section of technology that deals with the study and application
of pressurized gas to produce mechanical motion. Pneumatic systems, which are used
extensively in industry, and factories, are commonly plumbed with compressed air or
compressed inert gases. This is because a centrally located and electrically
powered compressor, that powers cylinders and other pneumatic devices through solenoid
valves, can often provide motive power in a cheaper, safer, more flexible, and more
reliable way than a large number of electric motors and actuators.
power. Pneumatics is an attractive medium for low Cost mechanization particularly for
sequential (or) repetitive operations. Many factories and plants already have a compressed air
system, which is capable of providing the power (or) energy requirements and control system
(although equally pneumatic control systems may be economic and can be advantageously
device that sucks in successive volumes of air from the atmosphere, compresses (squeezes)
each volume of air in a confined place to increase its pressure by making the volume smaller,
and then transfers the high-pressure air to a receiver tank, The high-pressure air is drawn off
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2.6 ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATICS
2) Easy channelled
Air is a substance that is easily passed or move from one place to another through a
small pipe.
3) Safe
The air can be loaded more safely than it is not flammable and does not short circuit
occurs or explode, so protection against both of these things pretty easily.
4) Clean
The air around us are tend to clean without chemicals that are harmful, and also, it can
be minimized or cleaned with some processes, so it is safe to use pneumatic systems to the
pharmaceutical industry, food and beverages and textiles.
7) Compressed gas can be stored, so machines still run for a while if electrical power is lost.
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2) Easy to leak
One of the properties of pressurized air is like to always occupy the empty space and
the air pressure is maintained in hard work. Therefore we need a seal so that air does not leak.
Seal leakage can cause energy loss. Pneumatic equipment should be equipped with airtight
equipment that compressed air leaks in the system can be minimized.
3) Potential noise
Pneumatic using open system, meaning that the air that has been used will be thrown out
of the system, the air comes out pretty loud and noisy so will cause noise, especially on the
exhaust tract. The fix is to put a silencer on each dump line.
4) Easy condenses
Pressurized air is easily condensed, so before entering the system must be processed
first in order to meet certain requirements, such as dry, have enough pressure, and contains a
small amount of lubricant to reduce friction in the valves and actuators.
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CHAPTER - 3
METHODOLOGY
Initially we determined the force which is required to crush the can on the
Universal Testing Machine as 0.8 KN at 15mm.
Varieties of designs are available for Can Crusher in market depending of final
users need from multi Can Crusher to Single Can Crusher. Actually we design a
pneumatic can crusher for crushing a soft drink cans of length 150mm appx.
In our design, we designed a Can Crusher, which is made for single Can. This
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is made up of very few parts. This design is very simple and one can make this device.
This device is operated by air compressor. After the selection of design, we develop the
drawings.The drawings are diving into two categories, which are:
Sketching: The idea for tin can crusher fabrication is sketched on the paper.
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Fig3.3: Front view of pneumatic can crusher
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3.3 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
1. Base plate
2. Supporting plates
3. Pneumatic cylinder
4. Flow control valve
5. Air flow lines
6. Silencer
7. Quick coupler
8. Polyurethane tubes
9. Air compressor
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3.4.1 SUPPORTING PLATES
We provide the guide way between two plates called supporting plates. On this
Setup the slider will move. These are made with wood.
Double-acting cylinders (DAC) use the force of air to move in both extend and
retract strokes. They have two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and one for instroke.
Stroke length for this should be performed as well design is not limited, however, the piston
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Fig.3.6: Pneumatic cylinder
CYLINDER SPECIFICATIONS:
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Direction flow-control valves are vital in any pneumatic circuit, directing or blocking
airflowto control the speed or sequence of operations. One method of classifying direction -
control valves is by the flow paths under various operating conditions. Important factors are
the number of possible valve positions and the number of ports and flow paths. Here are
somebasic configurations.
In this project we have used four way two position control valve .
Four-way, two-position valves have four or five ports with two or three positions. A
two-position valve has two distinct flow paths in each position to actuate and reverse
cylindersrotary actuators, or bidirectional motors. The spool directs flow from the pressure
port while the other actuator port exhausts to atmosphere at the same time .
Function
• These valves allow controlled flow of air in one direction and free flow in the other
direction.
Application
• These valves are used to control the speed of piston in a pneumatic cylinder.
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3.4.5. SILENCER
Silencers are used to reduce the noise of the exhaust air.
FEAUTRERS
Fig.3.9: Silencer
This can be effectively used in all compressed air line applications - Some of them
Include
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3.4.7. PVC PIPE
It is used to connect the pneumatic cylinder and direction control valve. Pipe diameter is
4mm . it is a pvc pipe.
An air compressor is a device that converts power (usually from an electric motor, a
dieselengine or a gasoline engine) into kinetic energy by compressing and pressurizing air,
which,on command, can be released in quick bursts.
The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression cylinder
where it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion via a crankshaft, and
is then discharged.
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3.5 FORCE CALCULATIONS
F = 800 N
= 6 bars
= (π × ԁ^2) / 4
F=P×A
ԁ = 41.21 mm
ԁ ≈ 50 mm
After designing phase, fabrication processes take place. These processes are
about using material selection and make the product base on the design and by followed
the design dimension. Many methods can be used to fabricate a product, like welding,
cutting, bending, grinding, drilling and many more methods. Fabrication process is a
process to make only one product rather the manufacturing process was used at the whole
system production. This way include part by fabrication until assembly to other
components.
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In order to make the design come reality, fabrication process needs to be done
first. The fabrication process starts from dimensioning the raw material until we finish as
a desire product. The processes that involve are:
After getting the material, the next step is measurement and marking material
like Fig3.13. The equipment used in this process is measuring tape or steel rule and
scriber all the components are marked as per required dimensions.
After the measurement and marking process, figure 4.3 introduce the process
cutting the material using cutting machine.
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Fig.3.12: Cutting Machine
On the cutting machine , we cut the materials for making the desired shape and sizes of
L- angular, fixed plate
3.6.3 GRINDING
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3.6.4 DRILLING
After cutting the material, it is need to make holes for the parts like wooden sheet,
clamps, frame, by different drill bits. So, mark the position to drill using steel rule
and scriber and then punch a small hole by using centre punch before start drill. After
that, start the drilling like Figure 3.14.
3.6.5 WELDING
Arc welding is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an
electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding
point. By using this we make the frame and the handle
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.
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CHAPTER-4
OPERATION OF
PNEUMATIC CAN CRUSHER
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This figure shows the final product i.e., Pneumatic Can Crusher, which
works on the principle of compressed air.
First place the beverage can on the wooden frame between fixed plate and ram
force is applied to the piston by supplying the compressed air in to pneumatic cylinder.
Then the piston moves forward direction, The beverage can between fixed plate and ram
crushes due to the forward stroke of the piston. Finally the beverage can is crushed.
After finishing the final product, we crushed the cans and we got a flat shaped
Beverage Can which its length is reduced from 150mm to 30mm. Hence, by using this
pneumatic can crusher we are able to crush the number of cans very easily.
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And all these crushed cans are packaged and transport to the factory for recycling.
CRUSHER
Less expensive
Eco friendly
By reducing size huge amount of cans can be transported for recycling
Easy to handle
Occupy less space
Easy to fabricate
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4.3 APPLICATIONS
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CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSIONS
In this project, we designed the pneumatic can crusher manually and generated
From all the results obtained, the design was practically done safe to operate.
By placing the electric motor instead of manually operated gives more results
The pneumatic can crusher can be make with electrical & hydraulic
Systemalso.
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REFERENCES
3. www.google.com
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can Crusher
5. www.answers.com
6. www. Howstuffworks.com
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