OB Unit-2

1) The belief that "discrimination is wrong" is a value statement. Such an opinion is the
component of an attitude.
A. cognitive
B. affective
C. reactive
D. Behavioral
Answer A

2) Leon Festinger would propose that the desire to reduce dissonance would be determined by
all of the following EXCEPT----------- .
A.the importance of the elements creating the dissonance.
B. the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements.
C. the rewards that may be involved in dissonance.
D. the extent to which attitudes are widely held by society
Answer D

3) If attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, individuals will most likely_______ .

A. change their behavior
B, change their attitudes
C. change either their attitudes or behavior
D. do nothing
Answer C

4.________ describes a positive feeling about your job resulting from an evaluation of its
characteristics.
A. enlargement
B. satisfaction
C. engagement
D. Involvement
Answer B

5) Job ______measures the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his
or her job and considers his or her perceived performance level important to self-worth.
A. commitment
B. satisfaction
C. involvement
D. Organization
Answer C

6) ______commitment refers to an employee's obligation to remain with an organization

for moral or ethical reasons.
A. Affective
B. Continuance
C. Theoretical
D. Normative
Answer D

7) _________refers to an individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm

for the work she does.
A. Employee engagement
B. Normative commitment
C. Cognitive support
D. Job enrichment
Answer A

8) Quietly continuing to do your work, even though you're dissatisfied, is an example of

response to dissatisfaction.
A exit
B voice
C. loyalty
D. Neglect
Answer C

9) ___ has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and

behavior between people in different countries.
A) Anthropology
B) Psychology
C) Social psychology
D) Political science
Answer A

10) Individual level independent variables include______ .

A) technology
B) organizational culture
C) perception
D) human resource policy
Answer C

11) John Holland argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where ____.
personality and occupation are in agreement
A) an individual is highly motivated
B) salary is high
C) employees have an education
D) Answer A

12) ______is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
A) Interpretation
B) Environmental analysis
C) Perception
D) Personality
Answer C

13) Which one of the following is NOT a factor that influences perception?
A) Target
B) Medium
C) Perceiver
D) Situation
Answer D

14) Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in .

A) selective perception
B) memorization
C) mental desensitization
D) periodic listening
Answer A

15) Which of the following is NOT a key element in motivation?

A) Environment
B) Intensity
C) Direction
D) Persistence
Answer A

16)_____ is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming in Maslow's hierarchy
of needs.
A) Social
B) Self-actualization
C) Physiological
D) Esteem
Answer B

17) Which of the following were considered higher-order needs by Maslow?

A)physiological, safety, and social needs
B) safety, social, and esteem needs
C)esteem and self-actualization needs
D) social, esteem, and self-actualization needs
Answer D

18) A Theory X manager would assume employees would .

A) like work
B) seek responsibility
C) need to be controlled
D)exercise self direction
Answer C

19) Two-factor theory suggests that extrinsic factors such as ___cause dissatisfaction.
A) advancement
B) working conditions
C) achievement
D) recognition
Answer B

20) Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer all of the following EXCEPT .
A) job situations with personal responsibility
B) a high degree of risk
C) overcoming obstacles
D) feedback
Answer B

21) The ____says that internal rewards are obtained by individuals when they learn that
they personally have performed well on a task that they care about.
A) management by objectives plan
B) participative decision making model
C) job characteristics model
D) performance feedback system
Answer C

22) ____ , one of the dimensions of emotional intelligence, is awareness of one's feelings.
A) Self-management
B) Self-awareness
C) Social skill
D) Empathy
Answer B

23) People in good moods use _____, or rules of thumb, to make decisions
A) self-management
B) theories
C) heuristics
D) empathy
Answer C

24) The OB subject of "perception" has been most influenced by which behavioural
science discipline?
A) political science
B) psychology
C) social psychology
D) anthropology
E) sociology
Answer B

25) The OB subject of "bureaucracy" has been most influenced by which behavioural
science discipline?
A) social psychology
B) anthropology
C) sociology
D) political science
E) psychology
Answer C

26) OB's current state of investigation and study is best described as:
A) All of OB is based on universal truths proposed by academics, researchers and practitioners.
B) Political forces have a tendency to influence the study of OB and, hence, skew resulting
conclusions.
C) There is little disagreement among OB researchers and scholars as to the current state.
D) OB is practically based on situational or contingency conditions driven by leadership style.
E) Cause-effect principles, which tend to apply to all situations, have been isolated.
Answer D

27) You are working as an assistant to an OB specialist doing research on a project to

determine relationships between certain variables and cause-effect situations. The
specialist is attempting to determine when people are motivated by pay or salary and
when they are motivated by recognition, support and encouragement. By examining the
connection between rewards and incentives and motivation under various conditions, the
specialist appears to be using which of the following approaches in research?
A) open-systems approach
B) contingency approach
C) human resources approach
D) observational approach
E) scientific management approach
Answer B

28) Individual-level independent variables include:

A) technology.
B) organizational culture.
C) human resource policy.
D) group behaviour.
E) perception.
Answer E
29) When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which
he/she belongs, we are using the shortcut called:
A) grouping.
B) stereotyping.
C) categorizing.
D) assimilating.
E) the halo effect.
Answer B

30) Holland's theory argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where:
A) personality and occupation are in agreement.
B) an individual is highly motivated.
C) salary is high.
D) employees have an education.
E) personality and occupation are not in agreement.
Answer A

31) Job satisfaction is best described as:

A) a behaviour.
B) a value.
C) an attitude.
D) a perception.
E) a personality trait
Answer C

32) Job involvement is best defined as a worker's:

A) general attitude toward his or her job.
B)loyalty to the organization.
C) identification with the job.
D) need to participate in organizational social activities.
E) identification with a particular organization
Answer C

33) Changing a worker's attitude is not an easy task. To get a worker to change their
attitude requires a variety of approaches which can include all of the following except:
A) presenting strong evidence to support your reasons for wanting an attitude change.
B) clearly telling the individual what is expected.
C) presenting arguments which fit each individual being targeted for change.
D) appealing to the individual's fears, frustrations and other emotions.
E) using a positive and tactful tone when using oral persuasion.
Answer B
34) The following are all determinants of job satisfaction except:
A) equitable rewards.
B) level of education
C) supportive colleagues.
D) supportive working conditions.
E) mentally challenging work
Answer B

35) Employee dissatisfaction can be expressed in a variety of ways which include all
of the following except:
A) conforming to company values.
B) stealing company property.
C) insubordination.
D) complaining.
E) shirking part of their responsibilities.
Answer A

36) Motivation is best defined as:

A) high performance.
B) efficient behaviour.
C) a willingness to exert high levels of effort.
D) being told to exert high levels of effort.
E) a company's cultural norm.
Answer C

37) All of the following are assumptions of Theory X except:

A) Employees will avoid assuming responsibilities.
B) Employees are lazy and generally dislike work.
C) Employees will seek formal direction whenever possible.
D) People will exercise self-direction if committed to objectives.
E)Individuals tend to consider security as the most important factor.
Answer D

38) A Theory Y employee would:

A) dislike work.
B) need to be controlled.
C) avoid responsibility.
D) exercise self-direction.
E) display little ambition.
Answer D

39) Maslow's hierarchy has five levels of needs. Which of the following is not one of
those levels?
A) safety needs
B) social needs
C) motivational needs
D) self-actualization needs
E) physiological needs
Answer C

40) Which step in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory deals with achieving one's
potential?
A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) safety
D) social
E) physiological
Answer A

41) According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?

A) When it is substantially satisfied.
B) It never stops motivating.
C) When one returns to a lower-level need.
D) When a higher level need comes into focus.
E) When too many other needs come into focus.
Answer A

42) Which one of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
is not true?
A) The five levels of needs are arranged in hierarchical order.
B) Physiological needs are the lowest level.
C) The lower order need must be fully satisfied before the next higher need becomes
dominant.
D) The need hierarchy concept has not been well supported by research.
E) Managers recognize that motivation can be highly effective when centered on specific needs.
Answer C

43) Attitudes:
a. are excellent predictors of behaviour.
b. can be changed through information but are very difficult to change through experience.
c. are evaluative statements or judgments concerning people, objects, events or ideas;
job satisfaction is one example of an attitude.
d. are never influenced by cognitive dissonance.
e. depend heavily on organizational design.
Answer C

44) Motivation is important to managers because

a. it is a significant contributor to high performance
b. it does not explain the differences in intensity of behavior
c. it explains the differences in attitude and personality
d. not all employees know how to use it effectively
Answer A

45) In Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, the individual's sense of belonging and love is
classified in which of the following needs?
Select correct option:
A) Self-Actualization Needs
B) Esteem Needs
C) Safety Needs
D) Social Needs
Answer D

46) Maslow's Need theory was widely recognized by practicing managers during:
Select correct option:
A) 1950s and 1960s
B) 1960s and 1970s
C) 1970s and 1980s
D) 1980s and 1990s
Answer B

47) Which of the following is not one of the types of attitude?

A) Job satisfaction
B) Job Involvement
C) Organizational Behavior
D) Organizational commitment
Answe C

48) The most well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow’s

____________.
A)Theories x and y
B) Hierarchy of needs
C) Goal setting theory
D) Equity theory
Answer B

49) Our intrinsic desire for personal development is included in Alderfer’s

needs.
A) Existence
B) Relatedness
C) Esteem
D) Growth
Answer D
50) Advertisements are directed at changing a person's:
A) Attitude
B) Value
C) Ethics
D) Custom
Answer A

51) Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and
motivation because they influence our perceptions?
A) Moods
B) Behaviors
C) Values
D) Customs
Answer C

52) Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are
examples of:
A) Downward communication
B) Horizontal communication
C) Upward communication
D) Lateral communication
Answer C

53) Which of the following component of an attitude includes beliefs, opinions and
information that a person has about the object he observed?
A) Affective
B) Behavioral
C) Cognitive
D) Terminal
Answer C

54) According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?

A) When it is substantially satisfied
B) It never stops motivating
C) When one returns to a lower level need
D) When one chooses to move to a higher level need
Answer A

55) Which of the following is defined as a way of looking at life; a way of thinking,
feeling or behaving?
A) Value
B) Attitude
C) Behavio
D) Mood
Answer B

56) Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one’s hunger,
thirst, and need for sex?
A) Esteem
B) Safety
C) Physiological
D) Social
Answer C

57) Hassan derives a great sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship from his
relationships with his extended family. Which of Maslow’s needs is Hassan fulfilling
through these relationships?
A) Self-actualization
B) Esteem
C) Social
D) Physiological
Answer C

58) Which of Maslow’s needs best approximates McClelland’s need for achievement?
A) Esteem
B) Self-actualization
C) Physiological
D) Social
Answer B

59) What are the three key elements of motivation?

A) Interest, activity and reward
B) Awareness, effort and outcome
C) Stimulation, progress and achievement
D) Intensity, direction and persistence
Answer D

60) Which of the following is NOT one of the scales to measure job satisfaction?
A) Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire
B) The Faces Scale
C) The mentor scale
D) Descriptive Index
Answer C

61) Which of the following is NOT one of the scales to measure job satisfaction?
A) Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire
B) The Faces Scale
C) The mentor scale
D) Descriptive Index
Answer C

62) What do we call the process by which individuals organize and interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment?
A) Environmental analysis
B) Social verification
C) Outlook
D) Perception
Answer D

63) Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and
motivation because they influence our perceptions?
A) Moods
B) Behaviors
C) Values
D) Customs
Answer C

64) ____are the preferences concerning the ends to be achieved.

A) Terminal values
B) Instrumental values
C) Theoretical values
D) Social values
Types of values
Answer A

65) Which of the following is NOT included in the values across cultures?
A) Uncertainty Avoidance
B) Power Distance
C) Assertiveness
D) Individualism versus collectivism
Answer C

66) Which of the following type of values determine the preferences for the means to
be used in achieving desired ends?
A) Terminal values
B) Instrumental values
C) Theoretical values
D) Social values
ANswer B
67) _______are the preferences concerning the ends to be achieved.
A) Terminal values
B) Instrumental values
C) Theoretical values
D) Social values
Answer A

68) Which of the following is NOT included in the values across cultures?
A) Uncertainty Avoidance
B) Power Distance
C) Assertiveness
D) Individualism versus collectivism
Answer C

69) All of the following are sources of the values EXCEPT:

A) External Reference Groups
B) Role Models
C) Achievement
D) Teachers
Answer C

70) According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?

A) When it is substantially satisfied
B) It never stops motivating
C) When one returns to a lower level need
D) When one chooses to move to a higher level need
Answer A

71) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs arranges those needs in which of the following
orders?
A) Physiological, esteem, safety, social, and self-actualization
B) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
C) Safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization
D) Physiological, social, safety, esteem, and self-actualization
Answer B

72) Which of the following is NOT a component of attitude?

A) Cognition
B) Affect
C) Behavior
D) Myths
Answer D
73) How would a theory X manager view employees?
A) Seeking responsibility
B) Needing to be coerced to achieve goals
C) Viewing work as a normal daily activity
D) Exercising self control
Answer B

74) Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead
towards achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best described these
values?
A) Terminal values
B) Instrumental values
C) Theoretical values
D) Social values
Answer B

75) Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead
towards achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best describes these
values?
Select correct option:
A) Terminal values
B) Instrumental values
C) Theoretical values
D) Social values
Answer B

76) What is/are the key element(s) of motivation?

Select correct option:
A) Intensity
B) Direction
C) Persistence
D) All of the given options
Answer D

77) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs arranges those needs in which of the following
orders?
A) Physiological, esteem, safety, social, and self-actualization
B) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
C) Safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization
D) Physiological, social, safety, esteem, and self-actualization
Answer B

78) Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one’s food,
shelter and cloth?
A) Physiological
B) Social
C) Esteem
D) Safety
Answer A

79) Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

A) Decision making is generally by consensus
B) Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem
C) There may be more than one way to solve a problem
D) For a decision, a problem must be perceived to exist
ANswer B

80) A theory Y manager would assume that employees would ______.

A) Dislike work
B) Need to be controlled
C) Attempt to avoid work
D) Exercise self direction
ANSWER D

81) Work attitudes can be reflected in an organisation through

a. Job satisfaction
b. Organisational commitment
c. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
d. None of the above
Answer: c

82) The philosophy that guides an organisation’s policies towards its

employees and customers is an important part of
a. Management strategy
b. Organisation behaviour
c. Organisational culture
d. Organisation development
Answer: c

83) According to Herzberg, which of the following is a maintenance

factor?
a. Salary
b. Work itself
c. Responsibility
d. Recognition
Answer: c

84) Following are the phases of the Motivational Process except

a. Need Identification
b. Selecting Goals
c. Extinction
d. Consequences of performance Reward/punishments
Answer: c

85) 1. Who has given the hierarchy of needs hierarchy theory of motivation?Sol:
A. Abraham Maslow
B. David McClelland
C. Victor Vroom
D. Frederick Herzberg
Answer A

86) How many levels are there in Needs Hierarchy theory of motivation?Sol:
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
Answer D

87) Which among the following is the highest level need under Need Hierarchy Theory
ofMotivation?
A. Safety and Security Needs
B. Social Needs
C. Self-esteem Needs
D. Self Actualization Needs
ANswer D

88) Which among the following is the lowest level need under Need Hierarchy Theory
ofMotivation?
A. Physiological Need
B. Safety and Security Needs
C. Social Needs
D. Self-esteem Needs
Answer A.

89) 6. According to Maslow’s need hierarchy theory motivation, the lower level of human
needsemanates from _____
A. Need of maintaining a given economic level
B. Needs like food, clothing, shelter, air, water
C. Need of individuals to associate, belong with others
D. Need for power, self respect, autonomy, self confidence,
Answer B
90) Which among the following is not a deficiency need that arises due to deprivation?Sol:
A. Physiological Need
B. Safety and Security Needs
C. Social Needs
D. Self Actualization Needs
Answer D. Self Actualization Needs

91). Who propounded X and Y theory of motivation :

A. Maslow
B. F. Herzberg
C. Alderfer
D. Mc Gregor
Answer D. Mc Gregor

92) ______________ leadership emphasize on rules and regulation in an organizationSol:

A. Democratic
B. Autocratic
C. Laissez-faire
D. Bureaucratic
Answer D. Bureaucratic

93) Process or administrative theory of organization is being given by :

A. Elton Mayo
B. Henry Fayol
C. F.W. Taylor
D. Max Weber
Answer B.
94) Basis of "Autocratic Model of OB isSol:
A. Economic resources
B. Power
C. Leadership
D. Partnership
Answer B.

95) An attitude can be inferred from a person’s:Sol:

A. Cognition

B. Affect
C. Behavior
D. All of the above
Answer D.

96) Which theory of attitudes does not involve a cognitive component?Sol:

A. Cognitive dissonance theory
B. Balance theory
C. of planned behaviour
D. Classically conditioned attitudes
Answer D.

97) A person has two important attitude, those attitudes are likely to be:Sol:
A. Mutually consistent
B. Accessible
C. Persistent over time
D. All of the above
Answer D.

98) 1. One trait that dominates a personality so much that it influences nearly everything a
person does is
A. Global Trait
B. Cardinal Trait
C. Specific trait
D. Central Trait
Answer B.

99) 3. Talkative vs. silent; frank, open vs. secretive; adventurous vs. cautious; sociable vs.
reclusivethese
traits describe which dimension of personality?
A. Agreeableness
B. Conscientiousness
C. Extraversion
D. Culture
Answer C

100) 11. Which of the statements below are FALSE?

A. Since Personality psychology has competing viewpoints, it is considered a paradigm.
B. Science judges the truth of statements based on the empirical methoD:)
C. Personality encompasses diverse qualities of individuals (E:)g., biology, social influences,
childhood experiences, etC:))
D. Science demands that hypotheses be discarded if they are not confirmed by observation.
Answer A