Quarter 4 - Module 2:: History of Festivals and Theatrical Forms in Asia

8
Arts
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
History of Festivals and Theatrical
Forms in Asia
CO_Q4_Arts8_Module2
Arts – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: History of Festivals and Theatrical Forms in Asia
First Edition, 2021
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8
Arts
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
History of Festivals and Theatrical
Forms in Asia
i CO_Q4_Arts8_Module2
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you during home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
ii CO_Q4_Arts8_Module2
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written for your benefit and convenience. It is
here to help you become more proficient in the Arts. The scope of this module covers
art concepts theater in different learning situations. The language used is
appropriate to the vocabulary level of grade 8 students. The lessons are arranged
following the standard sequence of the course but the order in which you read them
may be changed to correspond with the textbook you are using now.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Investigate the evolution of local festivals and theatrical forms.
2. Describe how the community participates in and contributes to these
occurrences. (A8EL-IVb-2)
1 CO_Q4_Arts8_Module2
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is the other term for Chinese New Year?

A. Dragon Festival C. Night of Seven
B. Moon Festival D. Spring Festival
2. Which religious figure does the Lantern Festival honor?

A. Buddha C. Jesus Christ
B. Confucius D. Mohammed
3. What mythical creature was said to have been driven out by local villagers in
the Chinese New Year origin story?
A. Dragon C. Shenron
B. Nian D. Sphinx
4. What is also known as the “Mother of all festivals” in the Philippines?

A. Ati-atihan C. Pahiyas
B. Dinagyang D. Sinulog
5. Which country did the ‘fiesta’ originate?

A. Italy C. Rome
B. Portugal D. Spain
6. How long is the Chinese New Year celebrated?

A. 5 days C. 10 days
B. 7 days D. 15 days
7. What is the meaning of the old Indonesian word ‘wayang’?

A. festival C. theater
B. fiesta D. puppetry
8. At what age does a Noh actor begin his/her training?

A. 3 years old C. 12 years old
B. 5 years old D. 18 years old
9. Where is the Todo Kaido Drum Festival celebrated?

A. China C. Philippines
B. Japan D. Thailand
10. What is the other term for Yi Peng Festival?
A. Festival of Light C. Set of drums
B. Sky Lantern Festival D. To float a basket
11. What does the Thai term ‘Loy Krathong’ mean?

A. Set of drums C. Festival of Light
B. Float a basket D. Sky Lantern Festival
Refer to the following in answering items 12 to 13:
I. Bunrako IV. Kyogen

II. Kabuki V. Lakhon
III. Khon VI. Noh
12. What are the two main forms of traditional theater in Thailand?
A. I and VI C. III and V
B. II and V D. IV and V
13. What are the oldest forms of Japanese theater?

A. I and III C. III and V
B. II and IV D. IV and VI
14. Which of the following theatrical plays are influenced by the Americans?
A. Bodabil C. Sinakulo
B. Comedias D. Zarzwuela
15. Who was the king of Shang Dynasty who first celebrated the Spring Festival?
A. Emperor Mang C. Emperor Tang
B. Emperor Nang D. Emperor Shang
Lesson
History of Festival and
1 Theatrical Forms in Asia
Like in many regions around the world, the history and origins of the festival
and theatrical forms in Asia can be traced back to later ‘classical’ traditions dating
back to the 13th until the 19th centuries however, intermingled with each other
surprisingly shows history of how rich Asia is with its festive and theatrical form.
Sprint Festival (Chinese New Year) The dance of the half-human, half-bird
Source: Jose Gil/Dreamstime.com kinnaris reflects ancient animal movements.
Source: Jukka O. Miettinen
Negotiations between the Heroes of the Colorful kabuki theatre has its roots in the
Mahabharata. Edo period teahouse theaters of the notorious
Source: Jukka O. Miettinen red-light districts.
Source: Sakari Vika
What’s In
After you have identified selected festival and theatrical forms celebrated in
Asia, you will now discover the history of festival and theatrical forms in the following
countries: China, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines.
But before anything else let us first check your knowledge about the previous
lesson on Asian festival and theatrical forms by answering the activity below.
Activity: Two Pics One Word
Directions: Identify the following image below by completing the blanks. Use another
sheet of paper in answering this activity.
1. _ A _ _ _ N 2. K _ B _ _ _
3. W _ _ _ _ N _ K _ _ _ T 4. _ _ _ N _ _ E _ _ _ Y _ _ R
5. A _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ N
What’s New
“History repeats itself” as the old saying goes, is what will happen to this
lesson in looking back to the history of festival and theatrical forms of Asia on how
it evolved, developed and how its people contribute and participate.
Activity: Knowing Me, Knowing You
Interview any of the artists and craftsmen in your locality about the procedure
they use in producing their work. Document the interview using available technology.
Ask permission if you can record the interview using a using your cellphone or tape
recorder, and take photos of the products. Be sure to ask for permission and have
them sign a consent form that they are allowing you to record the conversation and
to take photos.
Guide Questions:
- Based on the interview, what are the traditional and/ or standard art
production processed used by the artists and crafts people in your
community?
- Which artistic process do you find most interesting and would most likely
engage in? Why?
- How has your appreciation for the products and process changed after the
interview? Explain.
What is It
Festivals and theatrical forms in Asia are renowned worldwide because it

shows how culturally rich we are in terms of varied identities and aesthetics. Now,
let us learn the history behind the different faces of Asian festivals and theatrical
forms and how these evolved with the passing of several generations.
CHINA
Festival
The average people in China has lived in different areas and provinces
throughout several dynasties. They are hard workers who labored to survive even
during weekends. The national festivals allowed them to take a break by gathering
and celebrating different occasions together. Many festivals are still currently
observed as important part of their tradition.
Spring Festival (Chinese New Year)
Yao Wen-han, Joyous Celebration at the New

Year, 18th century. Public Domain
The Chinese New Year, also known as the Spring Festival, is the most
important festival of the year for in China. The Lantern Festival begins on the first
day of the New Year lasts for 15 days. This has been celebrated in China since the
Shang Dynasty over 3000 years ago. According to Chinese legend, the festival began
when a small village used firecrackers and drums to frighten away the monster Nian.
The Spring Festival is a time for family reunions, gift exchanges and fireworks
display. Red is also a popular color during this time because it is said to scare off the
monster Nian.
Theater Forms
Kunqu Opera
China was known for their traditional theater arts form known as kunqu or
kun opera and jingju (ching-chü) or ‘theatre of the capital’ during Qing Dynasty. In
the West, it is known as the Peking Opera.
Emperor Kangxi (K'ang-hsi), who reigned from 1662 to 1722 and was an art
lover, initiated kunqu or kun opera, which was already in decline.
Emperor Qianlong (Ch'ien-lung), who ruled from 1736 to 1795, then invited
troupes from the province of Anhui to perform their local style of bangzi opera, or
clapper opera, in the capital.
The Peking Opera became more popular during the reign of the Empress
Dowager Cixi (Tz’û-hsi) (1835-1908), as it was performed outside the capital. It was
first introduced outside the country, particularly in Japan, in 1919. Then, it was
later brought to western audiences in the United States and Russia. Peking Opera is
still the most practiced and performed traditional style of Chinese theatre today.
JAPAN
Festival
The earliest archaeological evidence on the festival and theatrical forms of

Japan comes from the Yamato period dated 300-710 AD. It reveals miniature
instruments, masks, ornaments, clay figurines, called haniwa sculptures and other
representations of dancers. These artifacts are proof of Japan’s rich culture as seen
in their visual and performing arts. Japan has preserved their traditional dances and
performances, some of which are still shown in present-day cultural events.
Taiko Drum Festival of Japan
The term, “Taiko” literally translates to "drum," but it has also come to refer
to the Japanese drumming art known as kumi-daiko. Taiko has been a part of
Japanese culture for millennia. It was once primarily used in the military arena. As
it evolved, it was progressively adopted as a sacred instrument by Japanese Buddhist
and Shinto religions. Archeological findings suggest that the early civilization during
the Jomon Period have already used drums for communication and religious rituals.
Although, the type of percussion instruments used today are quite different from the
ones used 2000 years ago.
Taiko drumming was later incorporated in kabuki and other kinds of

performance art, and it became more common in theaters. Kumi-daiko ensembles,
which play a variety of drums, have been instrumental in bringing taiko into the
public since the early twentieth century.
The art of kumi-daiko, or ensemble performance, began after the war in

Showa 26. (1951). It was developed by Daihachi Oguchi, a jazz drummer who
happened upon an old piece of taiko music by chance. He formed a taiko drum band
after wondering why taiko were seldom performed together. Part of the taiko's
dynamism is the way drummers use their entire bodies to achieve a profound level
of expression. The instrument's
physical performance—almost like
dancing, as powerful rhythms merge
with dynamic motions—is one of the
things that has garnered it
widespread fame. Large groups of
people beat out complex and strong
rhythms with sticks in perfect time.
While the playing of taiko is

reserved for authorized people during
religious ceremonies, ordinary people
were allowed to enjoy and dance along
with taiko music at local festivals.
Taiko performances are still being
featured and enjoyed in Japan’s local
festivals.
Taiko drummers at Kanazawa Castle Park.
Image by kaname-inn.com
Theater forms
The four most popular theater types in Japan, namely, Noh, Kyogen, Kabuki
and Bunraku are still practiced at present. The oldest forms of Japanese theater,
Noh and Kyogen was created by Kan'ami and his son, Zeami in the 14th century. Noh
is a very traditional and structured art form, where the actors’ body movements need
to be precisely executed because each gesture or facial expression conveys a different
meaning. It is frequently a family tradition, with sons following in the footsteps of
their fathers to become Noh actors, and are trained as early as the age of three.
Historically, only male actors performed Noh and Kyogen plays. The first women who
were allowed to perform in the 1940s were the daughters of renowned Noh actors.
Interior of a Kabuki theatre, coloured woodcut triptych by Utagawa Toyokuni, c. 1800;

in the British Museum. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Women who performed as comic playlets established the earliest form of

Kabuki in the early 1600s. They depicted scenes from daily life, which was extremely
popular among the lower and middle classes. The upper and royal classes were
opposed to this 'mixing' of classes and prohibited women from performing in 1629.
This led to the transformation of Kabuki as an all-male theater performance, where
make-up and poses became essential elements in depicting specific emotions and
characters. The colors of the costumes were also very important because they
expressed the primary characteristics of the characters. The distinctive red and white
make-up, and elaborate costumes then became a trademark of this theater form.
The Kabuki performances usually lasted all day. Kabuki has a five-act
structure that followed the traditional rise and fall of a story. The Jo, or first act,
began slowly with the introduction of the characters and the plot. The Ha, or acts 2-
4, accelerated the action. Battles are commonly shown in Acts 2 and 4, while Act 3
led to the story’s climax depicted as a great dramatic moment or tragedy. Finally, the
Kyu, or act five, provides a satisfying conclusion to the story.
INDONESIA
Festival
Indonesia has a good mix of ceremonies and festivals because of its diverse
cultural roots, religion and local groups. Specifically, Muslims, Buddhists, Christians
hold their own unique ceremonies while various regions celebrate their own unique
local events.
Image from sekarjepundotcom.files.wordpress.com
Bali Dance Festival
One example of a unique event that is based on their religion and creative
expression is the Bali Dance Festival. The festival began when the primitive locals
created and performed various dances that served as rituals against evil and bad
omens before the arrival of Hinduism. The fame of Balinese dances reached their
height in the 15th to 19th century during the Balinese Kingdom era. This traditional
dance has been a significant part of ancient Balinese culture and has been handed
down from one generation to the next as a way to preserve this unique artistic
expression.
There are many different types of dance in Bali, including epic performances
like the universal Mahabharata and Ramayana. At certain village temple ceremonies,
a dance drama depicting a struggle between the mythical characters Rangda, the
witch who represents evil, and Barong, the lion or dragon who represents good, is
performed. Legong is a polished dance form with delicate finger movement, complex
footwork, expressive gestures, and facial emotions; and Kecak is a Balinese dance
and music theater that emerged in the 1930s in Bali and is primarily performed by
men.
To represent layers of percussion sounds, several levels of articulation in the

face, eyes, hands, arms, hips, and feet are coordinated. The majority of female
dancers wear a crown of genuine and gilded flowers in their hair, as well as various
hues of make-up. They also wear a sarong with gold ornaments and a long sash that
runs from their hips to their breasts. Male dancers also wear make-up (use more red
color for their eyes and cheeks and their eyebrows are colored to enhance
masculinity). When they do the topeng dance, they wear a mask, a crown, a cloak,
or multiple pieces of these clothing around their bodies. On their shoulders, they
also have a sword.
Theater forms
The first shadow theatre in Central
Java dates from 907 AD. It is thought that
the Hindu courts embraced shadow
entertainment during Bali’s long process of
Indianization. Balinese shadow puppets
bear a striking resemblance to the wayang-
style reliefs of East Javanese temples, and
the contemporary East Javanese shadow
puppets. The Indonesian word for theater
is wayang. The Javanese term bayang,
which means "shadow" or "imagination,"
also means "spirit." The puppet itself is
sometimes referred to as wayang when the
Source: Keeler, Ward. (1992). Images of Asia: Javanese
Shadow Puppets. Singapore. Oxford University Press.
term is used to refer to puppet theater. The
majority of Indonesia's oldest theatre styles
are inextricably related to the country's literary history (oral and written). The
Sundanese wayang golek (wooden rod puppet play) and Javanese and Balinese
wayang kulit (leather shadow puppet play) are two of the most well-known puppet
theaters.
Wayang Kulit
Historical records show that wayang kulit dates back to the 800s, and thus
considered to be Indonesia's oldest freestanding puppet type. It's a kind of art in
which two-dimensional leather puppets are used to throw shadows on a backlit
screen. In the region, there are also other types of wayang that use three-dimensional
puppets or even human performers.
Wayang kulit's flat puppets are lavishly gilded and painted. There could be
dozens of them in a single act, depicting gods, monarchs, soldiers, hermits, ogres,
clowns, and more. All of them are controlled by a single dalang (puppeteer) who sits
behind the screen and provides separate voices for each character. The majority of
the stories are based on the Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, however they
have been altered to the Indonesian environment throughout centuries. The puppets
can be identified by their distinctive physical traits, movement patterns, and vocal
quality. While the stories are essentially old and well-known to the audience, a large
part of what the dalang does is adapt the performance imaginatively to current
events. People in Java's countryside and towns attend all-night wayang
performances, which put both dalang and musicians to the test. The dalang is not
just a community entertainer, but also a valuable source of knowledge and a potent
political force.
The dalang's ability to perform a variety of voices—male and female, elegant
and crude, serious and funny—is a huge element of the audience's enjoyment.
According to others, the purpose of the performance is to produce a ramai (bustling,
noisy, full of people and activity) condition of affairs—socially, intellectually, and
aesthetically complex, complicated, and beautiful.
PHILIPPINES
Festival
Fiestas or festivals were first introduced to the Philippines when the Spaniards
came and baptized the Filipinos into the Roman Catholic faith in the mid-1500s.
However, even before the Spanish rule, the early Filipinos already had their own rites
and rituals that celebrated significant aspects of daily life, such as spiritual offerings
and seeking blessings for a bountiful harvest. These local ceremonies. Other
Philippine Festivals were integrated with various Roman Catholic events and evolved
into the fiesta we know today, the Dinagyang (Ilo-ilo), Kaamulan (Bukidnon),
Kadayawan (Davao), Pahiyas (Quezon), Higantes (Angono, Rizal), Sinulog (Cebu),
Masskara(Bacolod), Ati-atihan (Aklan) and many more.
Ati-atihan Festival
The Ati-atihan Festival, also known

as the "Mother of All Philippine Festivals".
This is because it paved way for other
celebrations, such as Cebu's Sinulog and
IloIlo's Dinagyang Festival. The Ati-atihan
Festival is held annually in January in
honor of the Santo Niño (Holy Child or
Infant Jesus) in several towns of the
province of Aklan, Panay Island. Its origins,
which date back 800 years, are more pagan
in nature. The festival's name means "to
have the dark-skinned physical appearance
of Atis”, or the indigenous people who are said to be the earliest immigrants in the
Philippines. The festival, which began as a celebration of unification between the
Aetas and Malay Chieftains who fled Borneo to inhabit the Panay Islands
subsequently integrated concepts of Catholicism following Spanish colonization.
At present, the festival treats visitors to dynamic choreography and street

dancers wearing vividly colored costumes that contrast with their black features.
Snake dance, which involves people holding hands and snaking through the throng
in a snake-like pattern, is also a popular practice at the festival.
Theater
The Philippine theater is as varied as the country's cultural traditions, and it

has evolved over time as a result of historical influences. Theater in the Philippines
pre-colonial periods took the form of indigenous mimetic performances, which
generally enacted ancient rites and told stories about deities and mythological
narratives. When the Spaniards arrived on our shores, however, pedagogical tools
like komedya, sinakulo, playlets, zarzwuela, and theater were employed to influence
pagan tribes and teach them about Christianity and religion.
When American colonial rule was established, education, media, and language
were used to introduce the American way of life. The bodabil (vaudeville) and plays
and dramas adapted into English are the most visible manifestations of their impact
in Philippine theater.
Philippine theater groups have presented several plays in both English and
Filipino over the years, whether authored by a Western or local author. The
Philippines' performing arts are heavily influenced by Spanish culture and customs,
although the contemporary style is influenced by the Americas.
Moro-Moro
The comedias, also known as moro-moro, is a

play in verse that depicts the lives, loves, and fights
of Moros (Muslims) and Christians, and was
prominent during the Spanish colonialism. Moro-
Moro is a secular comedy about a forbidden love
between a prince and a princess that dramatizes the
struggle between Christians and Muslims. The farce
comes to an end when the non-Christian is converted
to Christianity or when he or she dies and is
promptly resurrected.
The verse-based play is written by locals, and

some performances feature elaborate staging and
costumes. The production also includes music and
dancing. Comedias were usually staged in the pueblos or village centers to draw more
people to the regime's establishment. Its sequence of performances lasted anything
from three to fifteen hours. Fr. Vicente Puche performed the first Filipino comedia in
Latin and Spanish in Cebu in 1598.
THAILAND
Festivals
The festivals in Thailand starts with the celebration of the Thai new year or
Songkran. Songkran is an ancient Sanskrit word that means “step into” or “enter”,
which marks the arrival of a new year. It also rooted in the Buddhist religion because
of the chants and prayers offered during this event.
Additionally, the Thai people’s belief of starting fresh at the beginning of the
year by engaging in meritorious acts is influenced by Buddhism. As such, Songkran
is also a time for the people to do spring-cleaning and consciously engage in selfless
actions as a form of spiritual cleansing. These acts of kindness include giving alms
to monks and pouring water over their heads, cleaning Buddhist statues and idols
or even freeing animals, such as birds, back into the wild. Songkran's origins can
also be traced back to the Buddhist religion. As the generation passes through, The
Songkran festival has become more popular over the years for both locals and
tourists, together with other national celebrations such as lantern festival the Loy
Krathong (Festival of Lights) and Yi Peng (Sky Lantern Festival).
The Sky Lantern Festival and the Festival of Light
Thailand is known for two

festivals that fill the surrounding area
with light. These are Yi Peng and Loy
Krathong, both of which are celebrated
on the full moon of the Thai lunar
calendar. This is usually around
November in the Gregorian calendar.
Yi Peng, which is more commonly

called ‘Sky Lantern Festival’ highlights
the release of many sky lanterns in the
air. These lanterns are made of rice
The Sky Lantern Festival paper, with a candle at the base that
Source: blog.trazy.com
generates hot air, allowing the lantern to
float in the sky. This festival originated in the Lanna kingdom during the 1900s and
symbolizes releasing one’s misfortunes. It is also influenced by the Buddhist belief
that releasing a lantern grants you one wish, for as long as this is followed by good
deeds throughout the year. This form of gaining merit through good deeds is
considered as a form of paying respect to Buddha. Similarly, Loy Krathong or
commonly referred to as “the festival of light” also involves releasing a lighted vessel.
However, unlike Pi Yeng, Loy Krathong sets small containers or “loy” adorned with
lighted candles floating on rivers, lakes and waterways. This practice is founded on
ancient traditions as far back as 800 years in the Sukhothai kingdom. The Sukhothai
king Ram Kampaeng was a devout Buddhist who believed in paying homage and
expressing their gratitude for blessings received to the water goddess, Phra Mae
Khong Ka, and the Buddha at the end of the Thai lunar year. Furthermore, this
festival is also based on the Buddhist belief of purification, where the water and
floating “loy” symbolize letting go of negativity and bad luck with the arrival of
another year.
Theater Form
The earliest Thai dance-

dramas depicted classical Hindu
stories, which were presented using
colorful costumes and complex
movements. Thai traditional theater
has existed since the Middle Ages and
has two distinct types, namely, khon
and lakhon.
There are two styles of

traditional Thai theater: khon and
lakhon. In both forms, the performer
is a mime, with lyrics given by a
vocalist and a choir. The performance
is usually accompanied by phipat, a
traditional orchestra that seeks to
transmit emotions and set the mood.
Meanwhile, Nang Talung is a
traditional play in southern Thailand that is a popular folk entertainment and a
representation of local life. Typically, the awe-inspiring and aesthetic performance is
accompanied by a mix of moral-teaching hymns and chants, some of which have
been changed in response to economic, political, social, and cultural changes. It is
believed by Nang Talung to be a puppetry art from the Shivijaya or Tambralinga
dynasty era. Other beliefs claim that it is based on the Javanese Wayang Kulit
(shadow puppet), that it began in Ayutthaya or early Rattanakosin, and that it was
adapted from Nang Yai (the central Thailand shadow play).
What’s More
Enrichment Activity
Directions: Write Agree on the blank if you believe the statement is true, and
Disagree if you don’t.
________ 1. The Bali Dance Festival is celebrated in Indonesia.

________ 2. Yi Peng, is more commonly called “Sky Lantern Festival”.
________ 3. Noh and Kyogen are the two oldest forms of Japanese theater.
________ 4. Wayang Kulit is known as the BEST theater art form of Thailand.
________ 5. Ati-atihan Festival is known as the “Mother of All Philippine Festival”.
What I Have Learned
 Asian festivals were mainly influenced by tradition, culture and religion.
 Asian theater forms combine the art of drama, dance and music. Most of the
Asian traditions employ either dance or dance-like, stylized movement
characterized by their own specific musical styles and genres. Likewise, the
acting techniques which uses dance-like body language, which are usually
very intricate and demands many years of arduous training.
 The Ancient Chinese have celebrated the Spring Festival as far back as 3000
years ago in the Shang Dynasty. According to Chinese mythology, the
celebration began with the use of noise and drums to ward of a creature called
Nian. The Peking Opera is their most popular theatrical plays.
 The Taiko Drum Festival of Japan is said to have evolved from the ancient
people in the Jyomon era. Based on archeological and anthropological
accounts. The artifacts that were discovered indicate that drums were used as
instruments for communication and religious rituals 2000 years ago. The four
most popular theater types in Japan, namely, Noh, Kyogen, Kabuki and
Bunraku, are still practiced at present. Noh and Kyogen are the oldest forms
of Japanese theater, dating back to the 14th century. These were believed to
have been developed by a man named Kan'ami and his son, Zeami. Kabuki
theater is known for its iconic red and white makeup and elaborate costumes.
The earliest form of Kabuki featured women as comics depicting ordinary life
in the early 1600s.
 Bali Dance Festival began during the Balinese Kingdom era, around the 15th
to 19th century. The primitive locals performed ritual dances to fend off evil
and bad omen. Wayang Kulit is considered to be the oldest recorded
freestanding puppet form in Indonesia.
 The celebration of fiestas in the Philippines was introduced by the Spaniards

together with the institution of the Roman Catholic religion in the country
during the mid-1500s. Ati-atihan Festival, also known as the “Mother of All
Philippine Festivals”, is the inspiration behind Cebu’s Sinulog and IloIlo’s
Dinagyang Festival.
 Songkran is an ancient Sanskrit word that means “step into” or “enter”.

Therefore, Songkran marks the celebration of the Thai lunar year. This event
finds its roots in the Buddhist religion where the new year is seen as an
opportunity to cleanse one’s self through acts of merit, and let go of
negativities and past mistakes. Through the years, the Songkran festival has
become a much-awaited national celebration in Thailand together with the
Loy Krathong (Festival of Lights) and Yi Peng (Sky Lantern Festival).
What I Can Do
Directions: Do the following activity and follow the steps below.
1. First, get information on the festivals celebrated in your Barangay. You may
interview Barangay officials and workers and other elders in your Area.
Remember to observe proper health protocols in doing this activity (such as
social distancing and wearing your mask and face shield). You may also get
this information from local libraries and other reliable electronic sources.
Guide questions:
- What are the fiestas or festivals celebrated in your barangay?

- When was the fiesta/ festival first celebrated? How did it originate and
what does it honor or celebrate?
- How is it celebrated? What are the activities held during the festival?
2. Second, organize the information you gathered by accomplishing the table
below.
Follow the format below:
How the people participate

Name of Origin and Significance of
in celebrating the said
Fiesta/Festival the Celebration
Fiesta /Festival
Example: This was said to be a pagan Ati-atihan is a celebration
celebration that that features dancing, where
Ati-atihan commemorates the event, performers don elaborate and
Festival the “Barter of Panay”, colorful attire. The performers
where the Aetas welcomed also blacken their faces to
Bornean chieftains or datu imitate the Aetas or “Atis”.
and their families, who This festival is also known for
escaped a tyrannical ruler. its “snake dancing” where
In return, the chieftains people dance and weave
presented gifts to the Aetas through the crowd by holding
for their generosity. When on to each other, resembling
the Spaniards came, it was the movement of a snake.
given a Catholic meaning as People hold on to each other
a form of celebration to weave through the crowd in
honoring the Sto. Niño. snake-like fashion.
Rubric
Equivalent
Category Description
Points
 The answer/s is/ are complete, relevant and
appropriate.
 Well-written and very organized.
 Excellent grammar mechanics.
Outstanding 95 - 100
 Clear and concise statements.
 Excellent effort and presentation with detail.
 Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the
activity.
 The answer/s is/ are relevant and appropriate,
with some missing some specific details.
 Writes fairly clear.
Very Good 90 - 94
 Good grammar mechanics.
 Good presentation and organization.
 Sufficient effort and details.
 The answer/s is/ are is general and somewhat
relevant to the questions.
 Minimal effort.
Good 85 - 89
 Good grammar mechanics.
 Fair presentation.
 Few supporting details
 The answer/s is/are incomplete and not
relevant to the questions.
 Poor somewhat unclear.
Fair  Shows little effort. 80 - 84
 Poor grammar mechanics.
 Confusing and choppy, incomplete sentences.
No organization of thoughts
 Lacking effort.
 Very poor grammar mechanics.
Poor 75 - 79
 Very unclear.
 Does not address topic.
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is the other term for Chinese New Year?

A. Dragon Festival C. Night of Seven
B. Moon Festival D. Spring Festival
2. Which religious figure does the Lantern Festival honor?

A. Buddha C. Jesus Christ
B. Confucius D. Mohammed
3. What mythical creature is said to have been driven out by local villagers in the
Chinese New Year origin story?
A. Dragon C. Shenron
B. Nian D. Sphinx
4. What is also known as the “Mother of all festivals” in the Philippines?

A. Ati-atihan C. Sinulog
B. Dinagyang D. Pahiyas
5. Which country did the ‘fiesta’ originate?

A. Italy C. Rome
B. Portugal D. Spain
6. How long is the Chinese New Year celebrated?

A. 5 days C. 10 days
B. 7 days D. 15 days
7. What is the meaning of the old Indonesian word, ‘wayang’?
A. festival C. theater
B. fiesta D. puppetry
8. At what age does a Noh actor begin his/her training?

A. 3 years old C. 12 years old
B. 5 years old D. 18 years old
9. Where is the Todo Kaido Drum Festival celebrated?

A. China C. Philippines
B. Japan D. Thailand
10. What is the other term for Yi Peng Festival?

A. Festival of Light C. Set of drums
B. Sky Lantern Festival D. to float a basket
11. What does the Thai term ‘Loy Krathong’ mean?

A. Set of drums C. Sky Lantern Festival
B. Float a basket D. Festival of Light
Refer to the following in answering items 12 to 13:
I. Bunrako IV. Kyogen

II. Kabuki V. Lakhon
III. Khon VI. Noh
12. What are the two main forms of traditional theater in Thailand?
A. I and VI C. III and V
B. II and V D. IV and V
13. What are the oldest forms of Japanese theater?

A. I and III C. III and V
B. II and IV D. IV and VI
14. Which of the following theatrical plays are influenced by the Americans?
A. Bodabil C. Sinakulo
B. Comedias D. Zarzwuela
15. Who was the king of Shang Dynasty who first celebrated the Spring Festival?
A. Emperor Mang C. Emperor Tang
B. Emperor Nang D. Emperor Shang
13
Additional Activities
Directions: Fill in the table with the correct information based on what you have
learned in this module. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Name of Country Festival Theater Form History/Origin
Rubric
Needs
Category Excellent Very Good Good Improvement
10 pts 8 pts 5 pts 2 pts
The
The
information/
information/ The information/
answer given is The answer/
answer given is answer given is
generally information given
correct and correct and
correct. is incorrect, with
accurate. somewhat accurate.
Supplied Answers no
Supporting Supporting
Information include supporting
statements, statements,
occasional evidence from the
quotations or quotations or
supporting text when
paraphrases are paraphrases are
evidence from necessary.
often included in sometimes included.
the text when
answers.
necessary.
Answers are
Answers are usually
complete, Answers Answers lack the
complete and
Detail extensive, and contain some required detail or
include several
include many details. are incomplete.
details.
details.
Answers are
Answers
ambiguous and
demonstrate Answers are Answers do not
demonstrate an
Interpretatio clarity and somewhat clear and reflect accurate
incomplete
n excellent demonstrate good comprehension of
comprehend
comprehension comprehension. the topic/s.
sion of the
of the topic.
topic.
Work contained
Conventional Conventional
several errors Work contains
spelling and spelling and
Mechanics in spelling many spelling and
grammar are grammar are usually
grammar grammar errors.
correct. correct.
errors.
CO_Q4_Arts8_Module2 23
WHAT I KNOW WHAT’S IN WHAT’S MORE ASSESSMENT
1. D 1. LANTERN Activity A 1. D
2. A 2. KABUKI 1. Agree 2. A
3. B 3. WAYANG KULIT 2. Agree 3. B
4. A 4. CHINESE NEW 3. Agree 4. A
5. D YEAR 4. Disagree 5. D
6. D 5. ATI-ATIHAN 5. Agree 6. D
7. D 7. D
8. A Activity B 8. A
9. B Answers vary. 9. B
10. B 10. B
11. C 11. C
12. C 12. C
13. D 13. D
14. A 14. A
15. C 15. C
Answer Key
References
Electronic Sources
Ancient China. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2021, from

https://www.ducksters.com/history/china/chinese_festivals.php#:~:text=T
he%20Ancient%20Chinese%20have%20celebrated,Dynasty%20over%20300
0%20years%20ago.&text=The%20Spring%20Festival%20is%20a,scare%20off
%20the%20monster%20Nian.
Chinese New Year. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2021, from

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chinese-New-Year
Dance and theatre in the history of japan. (2018, February 23). Retrieved April 15,
2021, from https://disco.teak.fi/asia/dance-and-theatre-in-the-history-of-
japan/
Facebook. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2021, from

https://www.facebook.com/PhilippinesMyPhilippines/photos/origin-of-
philippine-fiestathe-fiesta-is-of-spanish-origin-spain-being-a-roman-
c/305442539595280/
Junilla, J. (n.d.). Historical research: A qualitative research method. Retrieved April

15, 2021, from
https://www.academia.edu/24276932/HISTORICAL_RESEARCH_A_QUALIT
ATIVE_RESEARCH_METHOD
Kay, C. (1970, January 01). Diverse cultures of our community. Retrieved April 15,
2021, from https://newwashingtoncultures.blogspot.com/
Rachel, A. (n.d.). Bali festivals: Nyepi, Arts, spirit and more. Retrieved April 15,
2021, from https://allindonesiatravel.com/bali-festivals-nyepi-arts-spirit-and-
more/
Taiko center Co., Ltd. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://www.taiko-
center.co.jp/english/history_of_taiko
Theatre and dance. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2021, from

https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia/Theatre-and-dance
Top 5 Indigenous pinoy arts and crafts. (2017, March 13). Retrieved April 15, 2021,
from https://www.our7107islands.com/top-5-indigenous-pinoy-arts-and-
crafts/
Wayang, the world of shadows and puppets. (2018, February 23). Retrieved April
15, 2021, from https://disco.teak.fi/asia/wayang-the-world-of-shadows-and-
puppets/.
Yoongippeum, & Yoongippeum. (2011, December 09). Spoliarium. Retrieved April

15, 2021, from
https://yoongippeum.wordpress.com/2011/12/09/spoliarium/
https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordtaiko/cgi-bin/history.html
https://www.nippon.com/en/features/jg00095/
https://www.slideshare.net/ayessaabana/balinese-dance-festival-of-indonesia
https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia/Theatre-and-dance
http://www.sumunar.org/get-involved/wayang-kulit-shadow-theater/
https://www.solaireresort.com/article/the-evolution-of-philippine-theatre.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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8

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Raymond Y. Jubasan

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Caraga Region

Office Address: J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. What is the other term for Chinese New Year?

2. Which religious figure does the Lantern Festival honor?

4. What is also known as the “Mother of all festivals” in the Philippines?

5. Which country did the ‘fiesta’ originate?

6. How long is the Chinese New Year celebrated?

7. What is the meaning of the old Indonesian word ‘wayang’?

8. At what age does a Noh actor begin his/her training?

9. Where is the Todo Kaido Drum Festival celebrated?

11. What does the Thai term ‘Loy Krathong’ mean?

Refer to the following in answering items 12 to 13:

I. Bunrako IV. Kyogen

13. What are the oldest forms of Japanese theater?

Activity: Two Pics One Word

Activity: Knowing Me, Knowing You

Festivals and theatrical forms in Asia are renowned worldwide because it

Spring Festival (Chinese New Year)

Yao Wen-han, Joyous Celebration at the New

The earliest archaeological evidence on the festival and theatrical forms of

Taiko drumming was later incorporated in kabuki and other kinds of

The art of kumi-daiko, or ensemble performance, began after the war in

While the playing of taiko is

Interior of a Kabuki theatre, coloured woodcut triptych by Utagawa Toyokuni, c. 1800;

Women who performed as comic playlets established the earliest form of

Image from sekarjepundotcom.files.wordpress.com

Bali Dance Festival

To represent layers of percussion sounds, several levels of articulation in the

The Ati-atihan Festival, also known

At present, the festival treats visitors to dynamic choreography and street

The Philippine theater is as varied as the country's cultural traditions, and it

The comedias, also known as moro-moro, is a

The verse-based play is written by locals, and

The Sky Lantern Festival and the Festival of Light

Thailand is known for two

Yi Peng, which is more commonly

The earliest Thai dance-

There are two styles of

________ 1. The Bali Dance Festival is celebrated in Indonesia.

What I Have Learned

 Asian festivals were mainly influenced by tradition, culture and religion.

 The celebration of fiestas in the Philippines was introduced by the Spaniards

 Songkran is an ancient Sanskrit word that means “step into” or “enter”.

Directions: Do the following activity and follow the steps below.

- What are the fiestas or festivals celebrated in your barangay?

How the people participate

1. What is the other term for Chinese New Year?

2. Which religious figure does the Lantern Festival honor?

4. What is also known as the “Mother of all festivals” in the Philippines?

5. Which country did the ‘fiesta’ originate?

6. How long is the Chinese New Year celebrated?

8. At what age does a Noh actor begin his/her training?