1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Over the last two decades, extensive substance addiction problems and

drug-related criminality have had a substantial impact on the criminal justice

system. Courts, jails, prisons, and community corrections have all risen

significantly throughout this time, and they are all confronting significant

obstacles in reducing the revolving door of substance-abusing offenders cycling

through the justice system. With the increasing rate of drug related crimes in the

Philippines the PNP together with the CSWDO and the Local Government

engage in the program on community- based drug rehabilitation program that will

help the surrenderees to rehabilitate themselves in avoiding of using drugs and

avoiding in drug related cases.

Karapatan characterized community- based drug rehabilitation program as

“a superficial makeover of a policy that has earned public condemnation.” This

program implemented to reduce crime and unlawful acts that may harm. The

main goal of the training is to enhance capacity and increase confidence of the

participants to implement and sustain a responsive community-based

rehabilitation program for drug “surrenderers” in their respective barangays by

transferring the knowledge and skills on Therapeutic Community as an approach

to drug rehabilitation is the focus of this content (Karapatan, 2019).

Community-based drug rehabilitation is a beneficial treatment of addiction

as it provides opportunities to learn how addiction settles into a healthy mind and
 2

body and how it can be beleaguered. The Municipality of Lingayen, Province of

Pangasinan designed a community-based rehabilitation program to cater the

health needs of drug surrenderees under the government program “TOKHANG”.

It was conceptualized in 2017 and implemented by the Municipal Anti -Drug

Abuse Council of the LGU. As there was no visible impact, the proponent

decided to conduct this research to evaluate its efficacy in order to improve it.

Focus group discussion, key informant interview, and observation were used in

the qualitative technique, and theme strategy was used in data analysis.

Following the execution of the program, there was an improvement in the

surrenderees' health.

Since the enactment and implementation of a new anti-drug law in 2008,

the Chinese central government has urged local governments to create

community-based drug rehabilitation programs. This study looks into the link

between community-based drug rehabilitation programs and drug users' physical

and emotional wellbeing. Researchers collected data from a community-based

rehabilitation program in Foshan Municipality, Guangdong Province, China,

between October 2018 and February 2019. (Wong, 2020)

This study on community- based drug rehabilitation program of PWUD’s in

Barangay Bula, attempts to know how satisfied is the clienteles in the program of

PNP together with the CSWDO and Local Government and how this program will

help the community to lessen the drug related crimes in General Santos City

specifically in Barangay Bula.

 3

Research Objectives

The study aims to present a cross-sectional analysis of the satisfaction

level on the community- based drug rehabilitation program in Barangay Bula,

General Santos City. Specifically, it will answer the following sub-problems:

1. Profile of clienteles in terms of:

1.1 Sex,

1.3 Age,

1.3 civil status, and

1.4 Occupation

2. Satisfaction level of clienteles in community- based drug rehabilitation

program to the PWUD of Barangay Bula, General Santos City

3. Satisfaction level of clienteles in community- based drug rehabilitation

program to the PWUD of Barangay Bula, General Santos City when

respondents are grouped in terms of their demographic profile

4. The implications derived

 4

Review of Related Literature

Community-based rehabilitation program is designed to assist Local

Government Units and other organizations in developing a community-based

treatment and rehabilitation network in their communities. This implies different

actions made by the CSWDO together with the PNP in handling the community

based- drug rehabilitation program.

Foreign Literature

According to Kleber (2020), addiction treatment treatments are usually

divided into many general categories or modalities in research studies. Individual

programs and treatment techniques are evolving and diversifying, and many

programs today do not fit neatly into standard drug addiction treatment

classifications. On the other hand, begin with detoxification and medically

supervised withdrawal, which is frequently referred to as the first step of

treatment.

Detoxification, or the process of the body ridding itself of drugs, is used to

manage the acute and sometimes harmful physiological effects of quitting

narcotics. As previously noted, detoxification alone does not address the

psychological, social, or behavioral issues that accompany addiction, and so

does not often result in the long-term behavioral adjustments required for

recovery. As a result, detoxification should be followed by a proper evaluation

and referral to drug addiction therapy.

 5

Detoxification is often managed with medications administered by a

physician in an inpatient or outpatient setting because it is often accompanied by

unpleasant and potentially fatal withdrawal side effects; thus, it is referred to as

"medically managed withdrawal." Medications are available to assist in the

withdrawal from opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, nicotine, barbiturates, and

other sedatives.

Long-term residential therapy, which is usually provided outside of a

hospital environment, provides care 24 hours a day. The therapeutic community

(TC) is the most well-known residential treatment program, with stays ranging

from 6 to 12 months. TCs emphasize on the individual's "resocialization" and

employ the entire program's community—including other residents, staff, and the

social context—as active therapy components.

Short-term residential programs use a modified 12-step method to give

rigorous but brief therapy. Originally developed to address alcohol issues, many

of these programs began to treat various forms of drug use disorders during the

mid-1980s cocaine pandemic. The initial residential treatment paradigm included

a 3- to 6-week hospital-based inpatient treatment phase, followed by extended

outpatient counseling and involvement in a self-help group such as AA.

Treatment focuses on increasing personal accountability and

responsibility, as well as socially useful lifestyles, in the context of an individual's

social and psychological impairments. Treatment is organized and can be

confrontational at times, with exercises aimed to help residents explore harmful

 6

ideas, self-concepts, and destructive patterns of behavior, as well as embrace

new, more harmonic and productive ways of interacting with others.

Many therapeutic communities provide extensive services on-site, such as

job training and other support services. According to research, Therapeutic

communities may be adapted to treat persons with particular requirements, such

as teenagers, women, homeless people, people with severe mental illnesses,

and those in the criminal justice system.

According to Unodc (2014), the fundamental distinction between CBDR

and in-patient rehabilitation is that in-patient therapy is more intensive. The

former takes place in the drug user's community, whilst the latter normally takes

place in an isolated institution from the community of users CBDR focuses on

more than just the environment not only for the treatment of drug addiction, but

also for the provision of a continuum of care addressing healing patients' health,

social, and other non-specialist needs users and their loved ones.

This change from individually focused explanations of health behaviors to

explanations that include social and environmental influences has an impact on

ecological models in which health issues are rooted in social context. In

comparison to individuals who received inpatient treatment, studies demonstrate

that those who participated in a community-based treatment program had lower

rates of relapse and recidivism.

According to a research, the efficacy of a therapy is determined on the

facilitators' ability to relate to and keep clients engaged. The effectiveness of

 7

facilitators is also determined by their dedication and ability to gain the attention

and respect of clients. Basic counseling abilities (active listening, processing,

reacting, and teaching), empathetic, practical, creative and innovative action-

oriented, and ethical are all listed in the UNODC standards for CBDR.

Timberlake (2001) suggests that an underlying ideological issue may be

causing discord among drug policymakers. When drug use is viewed as a

worldwide issue rather than a "social evil," for example, it begins to be regarded

as a health concern. It also demonstrates that conservative sentiments are a role

in communities' refusal to support a drug treatment program.

Meanwhile, Chann (2020) said that since the enactment and

implementation of a new anti-drug law in 2008, the Chinese central government

has urged local governments to create community-based drug rehabilitation

programs. This study looks into the link between community-based drug

rehabilitation programs and drug users' physical and emotional wellbeing.

Researchers collected data from a community-based rehabilitation program in

Foshan Municipality, Guangdong Province, China, between October 2018 and

February 2019.

A total of 162 drug users who were engaged in a community-based drug

rehabilitation program were chosen to participate in the survey, which was self-

administered and anonymous. A cover letter outlining the study's objective was

delivered to the drug users, along with a self-administered questionnaire. This

 8

research received ethical approval from JiNan University's School of Public

Administration in Guangzhou, China.

All of the respondents verbally consented to the experiment. Four multiple

linear regression models were employed to describe how social services impact

drug users' physical and mental health. The number of service items provided by

the social service organization was shown to be strongly linked to the physical

and mental health of drug users. The drug user's physical health was impacted

by the employment assistance service in particular.

Although the overall number of reported drug abusers in official data has

been dropping in the last four years, the problem of drug misuse in Hong Kong

remains significant. The rise of concealed drug usage and the attendant long-

term drug addiction problems hides behind the official numbers. Drug abuse

leads to bio-psycho-social issues (Fung, 2020).

Drug addicts' rehabilitation is a long and difficult process that is prone to

recurrence. The basic premise is that residents who are battling with drug

addiction or have already stopped abusing drugs face significant demands and

obstacles in everyday life, and they may be unable to function on their own. As a

result, they seek community support and assistance. 11 Counselling Centres for

Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) across Hong Kong's various districts

serve persons who abuse psychotropic substances to meet their unique needs.

CCPSAs are subsidized community-based drug rehabilitation services that

primarily provide support and assistance to current psychotropic substance

 9

abusers of various ages in the community, as well as their family and carers, with

the goal of achieving drug abstinence, long-term recovery, and developing a

healthy lifestyle among those drug abusers through comprehensive assessment

and specific interventions.

Individual and family counseling, group work, supportive employment,

peer counseling, and medical assistance are all related with interventions offered

by CCPSAs. Drug addicts can also use these programs to retain or reclaim their

independence and reintegrate into society. Furthermore, CCPSAs provide

professional training for associated professions, public education programs, and

outreach services to recognize prospective drug abusers in the community in

order to accomplish early identification and intervention of drug abusers.

In-depth study on the actual demands and obstacles that drug addicts

encounter in the society under Hong Kong cultural discourse is limited, however,

based on the present literature. Furthermore, there is minimal discussion about

the quality of CCPSA services. With its importance in changing present

treatments for drug addicts in their recovery path, further research is needed.

Local Literature

Hechanova (2018) insists that drug treatment in the Philippines has

typically been provided through inpatient rehabilitation institutions, therefore

community-based drug treatments are relatively new. The Dangerous Drug

Board approved the UNODC recommendations for CBDR, which views drug
 10

addiction as a health issue that may be addressed via community therapy rather

than jail.

The DDB recommendations encourage communities to provide

accessible, affordable, and evidence-based therapies, as well as to adopt

screening, assessment, and treatment planning, as well as to provide a

continuum of care from prevention through reintegration. Community involvement

and participation is another important aspect of CBDR. The identification of drug

users, preliminary screening and needs assessment, psychological counseling

and support, and referral to specialist treatment are all done by community

members.

However, given the lack of expertise in CBDR, there will be a huge barrier.

The absence of evidence-based and culturally acceptable therapies is a problem

for Philippine communities. CBDR programs were initially mostly diversion

programs that included physical activity, spiritual activities, and community

service. The Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) created an

evidence-based and culturally sensitive intervention to address the urgent

demand for psychosocial therapy.

Assessment of needs and risk factors, intervention design based on

cultural and contextual subtleties, facilitator training and pre-testing of materials,

pilot-testing, and implementation and continual evaluation are all part of this

process. The majority of recovering users (85%) were low to mild-risk users who
 11

could be treated in the community, according to a needs analysis of recovering

users.

Surrenderees were mostly men who were young, uneducated, and

jobless. Two-thirds had a traumatic upbringing, including physical and mental

abuse or neglect, and lacked drug recovery and life skills. The PAP modified

resources from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration's (SAMHSA) Matrix Intensive Outpatient Program (SAMHSA,

2006) and the UNODC Trainer's Manual for Community-Based Drug Recovery

Support to meet this need.

According to Waelde (2016), Katatagan Kontra Droga sa Komunidad

(Resilience Against Drugs: A Community-Based Treatment Program) is the name

of the intervention, which includes modules on drug recovery skills, life skills, and

family modules. The design was inspired by Philippine culture and used a small

group setting. This was based on research that showed that group assistance

promotes healing in interdependent and collectivist societies.

Because Filipinos are so dependent, the courses included homework and

family sessions for drug users' relatives. Designers included modules on

assertive communication, drug refusal skills, and relationship rebuilding because

they recognized the importance of cultural norms of pakikisama (cooperation)

and kapwa (unity of the self with others; (Enriquez, 1992), as well as the

importance of maintaining good relationships.

 12

The module on problem resolution includes a mapping of probable

sources of support, based on data that family and community members are a

crucial source of identification and support. Given the importance of hiya

(shame), loss of face, and the stigmatization of illicit drug use, a module to

improve participants' self-esteem and self-efficacy was added.

Kine (2017) got a better understanding of the phenomena of community-

based drug rehabilitation (CBDR) in the Philippines through the eyes of barangay

officials who are active in CBDR. The study looked at the perspectives of

officials, both treatment facilitators and program overseers, on their experiences

putting CBDR programs in place. The study elicited data on three levels:

ideological, positional, and personal, using Murray's (2000) paradigm.

CBDR as an alternative to the government's strategy, CBDR as an

effective answer to treating drug use, and CBDR as part of a holistic approach to

drug rehabilitation were all highlighted in the findings. In describing their

responsibilities as guardians, growth facilitators, and partners, the positional

narratives complement the ideological narratives. In the same way, their personal

narratives highlighted conflict, fulfillment, dedication, and personal progress.

The implications of the findings for CBDR implementation and restorative

justice promotion are examined. The Philippine government's war on drugs

began with President Rodrigo Roa Duterte's accession of office, when he

declared that the drug epidemic was turning the Philippines into a narcotic state.
 13

The government intended to address the problem of illicit drugs by implementing

supply and demand reduction measures.

Additionally, Geronimo (2016), said that the government's Oplan Tokhang

and Oplan Double Barrel programs involved cracking down on drug distribution

and removing drug dens from localities. Drug users and pushers were asked to

"voluntarily" surrender in order to reduce demand. According to the Department

of Health, only 1-10 percent of drug users will require inpatient treatment, hence

community-based rehabilitation must be expanded.

The delivery of services inside and by the community is central to

community-based drug rehabilitation (CBDR). As a result, community members

who actually execute interventions are a vital aspect in CBDR. According to

studies, a community's ideology and values on the subject of drugs and their

treatment might impact how its people accept and experience a recovery

program.

Unfortunately, the Philippines lacks a long history of community-based

drug treatment, and local drug treatment literature is scarce. The purpose of this

study was to fill this gap by utilizing narrative analysis to investigate the

experiences of barangay officials on CBDR. The core of President Rodrigo

Duterte's battle on drug on war is on its centerpiece.

According to Bueza (2017), Oplan Tokhang was a wordplay on the

Cebuano phrases for knocking and appealing, toktok and hangyo. The police

were the main implementers of the campaign, going door to door in communities,
 14

knocking on the doors of suspected drug users and requesting them to

surrender. This program resulted in 1,179,462 surrenderees as of January 31,

2018.

In response to Oplan Tokhang, the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)

implemented Oplan Sagip, which required Local Government Units (LGUs) to

provide community-based drug treatment and rehabilitation (CBDR) programs for

low- and mild-risk users, as well as outpatient rehabilitation for moderate-risk

users and inpatient rehabilitation for high-risk users (Dangerous Drug Board).

CBDR as a possible solution to the drug problem. CBDR was seen by

barangay officials as a viable alternative to the Philippine government's existing

strategy. "That's wonderful because you don't use violence, they do it freely,"

they said, expressing their acceptance of CBDR's nonviolent and reformative

approach. They regarded CBDR as both a method to safeguard their community

members from drug-related deaths. They have no fear. They enjoy going

because they learn," and "Anything is possible."

They may be rehabilitated. However, the assassinations are not

acceptable. It was first rather unsightly. Every day, there were homicides." CBDR

becomes a protective factor since recovering users are given an opportunity for

treatment and reform and are only turned over once they have completed their

treatment and reform. If they refuse to cooperate, the police will be called.

Meanwhile, Pescador (2018) said that community-based rehabilitation is

an effective addiction therapy because it allows people to discover how addiction

 15

develops in a healthy mind and body and how it may be overcome. Under the

government's "TOKHANG" initiative, the municipality of Lingayen in the province

of Pangasinan established a community-based rehabilitation program to meet the

health requirements of drug surrenderees.

It was conceived in 2017 and put into action by the LGU's Municipal Anti-

Drug Abuse Council. As there was no discernible impact, the proponent decided

to conduct this research to evaluate its efficacy in order to improve it. Focus

group discussion, key informant interview, and observation were used in the

qualitative technique, and theme strategy was used in data analysis.

Following the execution of the program, there was an improvement in the

surrenderees' health. Furthermore, the program made the greatest contribution to

community peace and order, good family relationships, and the health and safety

of the surrenderees. On the other hand, four important areas were evaluated to

improve the program, and strong stakeholder support is essential. The program

was praised for its high level of satisfaction.

 16

Theoretical Framework

The operation of every drug related cases increases every year as the

number of drug users and drug pushers also increases and as the community –

based drug rehabilitation program rises in General Santos City it widely affects

every individual who are using drugs. Some drug users is also aiming to

rehabilitate themselves to change for better.

The comprehensive dangerous drug act of 2002 (R.A. 9165) provides for

stiffer penalties for illegal drug possession and pushing. It imposes capital

punishment on those convicted for selling, trading, trafficking, importing and

cultivating dangerous drugs and their controlled precursors. The comprehensive

Dangerous Drugs act of 2002 or Republic Act No. 9165 is a consolidation of

senate bill no.1858 and house bill no.4433. The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)

remains as the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in planning and

formulation of policies and program on frug prevention and control. It also

 17

created the Philippine drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) under the office of the

president, which serves as the implementing arm of the DDB, shall be

responsible for the efficient and precursors and essential chemicals as provided

in this act.

Republic Act No. 9165, an act instituting the comprehensive dangerous

drugs act of 2002, repealing republic act no. 6425, otherwise known as the

dangerous drugs act of 1972, as amended, providing funds therefore, and for the

other purposes. Stated in section 2 of this Act.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study illustrates the direction of the

study. This study is a cross-sectional study. The study will first establish the

demographic profile of the respondents. Then a survey will be conducted to find

out their level of satisfaction of the community-based rehabilitation program in

Bula, GSC. A cross-sectional analysis will be conducted to find out if the level of

satisfaction is true or not when analyzed by demographic profile and from which

implications will be derived. Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework.

SATISFACTION LEVEL OF
COMMUNITY-BASED
REHABILITATION PROGRAM
IN BULA, GSC
 18

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

 AGE
 SEX IMPLICATIONS
 CIVIL STATUIS
 OCCUPATION

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework of the Study

Significance of the Study

The study would be beneficial to the following entities and individuals:

City Social Welfare and Development Office – This will enable the

CSWDO to conduct an effective community – based drug rehabilitation program

to the clienteles and this will help them to continue the program in the following

years.

Philippine National Police – This will help the PNP to lower the drug

related cases in Barangay Bula, General Santos City and it will led them to

continue having community- based drug rehabilitation program regularly.

 19

Clienteles – This will help them to change their lives and to be a law-

abiding citizen after the community – based drug rehabilitation program. They will

be also conscious in the drug related cases that is happening in the community.

Future Researchers – This study would serve as their reference if they

will conduct the same study in drug rehabilitation programs.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally to guide the readers to

understand the study.

Community – Based Drug Rehabilitation Program – This refers to the

drug rehabilitation program held by the City Social Welfare and Development

office together with the Philippine National Police conducted to help PWUDs in

the barangays.

Level of Satisfaction – This refers to the contentment of the clienteles to

the community-based drug rehabilitation program. This refers as the scale on

how satisfied is the clienteles when they are on the rehabilitation program.

Specifically, it refers to the ratings and corresponding descriptions on the survey

instrument as 1 Very dissatisfied, 2 Dissatisfied, 3 Moderately Satisfied, 4

Satisfied, 5 Very Satisfied.

Clienteles /PWUDs – This refers to the persons who used drugs who

joined the community- based drug rehabilitation program and who are the

respondents of the study.

 20

Chapter 2

METHODS

Research Design

This employed a quantitative method of study, descriptive cross-sectional

analysis in nature. According to Gay (2007), descriptive research involves

collecting data in order to answer questions concerning the current status of the

subject of the study. A descriptive study determines and reports the way things

are. This method will help the researcher in determining the satisfaction of

clienteles in the community- based drug rehabilitation program held by the

 21

CSWDO. Meanwhile, a cross-sectional analysis, on the other hand, involves

looking at data from a population at one specific point in time. The participants in

this type of study are selected based on particular variables of interest. Cross-

sectional studies are often used in developmental psychology, but this method is

also used in many other areas, including social science and education. Cross-

sectional studies are observational in nature and are known as descriptive

research, not causal or relational. This type of research can be used to describe

characteristics that exist in a community, but not to determine cause-and-effect

relationships between different variables (Cherry, 2020).

Research Locale

This study is conducted in Barangay Bula, General Santos City. Barangay

Bula derived from the word “Bula” which literally means “bubbling or filled with

bubbles”. This is so because when the early settlers came to this place, they

found the sea filled with bubbles or bubbling especially during low tide. .It is

about 3.5 kilometers from the city proper. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 30,845. This represented 4.42% of the total population of

General Santos. It is quite near from the city proper of General Santos City.

Population and Sample

A total of 100 clienteles randomly chosen during the day of conduct of the

questionnaire will be utilized in this study. Simple random sampling will be used

to drawn the samples needed to finish the study.

 22

Research Instrument

A questionnaire will be formulated which will undergo validation by the

experts will gather the data. This survey questionnaire will contain questions to

determine the profile of the clienteles and their satisfaction level of the

community-based drug rehabilitation program conducted by the CSWDO and

with the PNP. It will be answered by checking the number corresponding their

satisfaction and by filling out their profiles.

Data Collection

In conducting of this study, the following steps will be observed:

Permission to conduct this study. The researchers will send a letter to

the barangay chairman and to its resident in order to know the purpose of the

study and for the consent in gathering information from them.

Formulation of survey-questionnaire. The researchers must formulate a

questionnaire about their study.

Validation of questionnaire. The researchers must ask help from

validators to check the questions whether their questions are correct and to

ensure the validity of data gathered.

Distribution of questionnaire. As the permission granted, the

researchers will distribute the questionnaire to the respondents.

Retrieval of the questionnaire. After the respondents answered the

questionnaire, the researchers must immediately retrieve it.

 23

Tallies and collection of data. The data must be tabulated, analyzed and

interpreted through the use of the appropriate tools in data analysis.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers will use the following statistical tools in the interpretation

of the data:

Frequency Count and percentages. This will be used to tally the

responses of the respondents to the indicators in the survey instrument.

Weighted Arithmetic Mean. This will be used to determine the level of

satisfaction of the respondents of the community-based rehabilitation program.

Ethical Consideration

Respondents' rights and dignity, as well as their priorities, will be

respected by researchers. The researchers will keep their personal information

private and will not reveal it to the public.

 24

References

Barrera, D.J., S. Cagang and D. Capistrano, 2013. Spatial and temporal maps of
reported crimes in Dumaguete City, Negros

Pescador, E. (2018). Community-Based Rehabilitation Program of Drug

Surrenderees in the Municipality of Lingayen. Southeast Asian Journal of
Science and Technology, 3(1). Retrieved from
https://sajst.org/online/index.php/sajst/article/view/156

Mendoza, Ronald U. and Yusingco, Michael Henry and Gamboa, Jayvy, The
Role of Mayors and Barangay Captains in the Philippines' Anti-Drugs Campaign
(June 24, 2018). ASOG WORKING PAPER 18-002, Available at SSRN:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3201786 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3201786

Zainah Ahmad Zamani, Rohany Nasir, Asmawati Desa, Rozainee Khairudin,

Fatimah Yusooff, Family Functioning, Cognitive Distortion and Resilience among
Clients under Treatment in Drug Rehabilitation Centres in Malaysia, Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 140, 2014, Pages 150-154, ISSN 1877-
 25

0428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.401.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814033278)

Tiu, M. , Fung, C. , Fung, W. , Lai, Y. , Tse, C. , Wong, T. , Wong, T. , Wong, W. ,

Wu, M. , Yeung, K. , Yeung, L. and Yu, Y. (2020) Experience of Drug Abusers
Participating in Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation Services Provided by the
Counselling Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) in Hong
Kong. Health, 12, 1008-1028. doi: 10.4236/health.2020.128075.

Alampay, L. P., & Jocson, R. (2011). Attribution and attitudes of mothers and
fathers in the Philippines. Parenting Science and Practice, 11, 163-176.
Ashtankar, H. J., & Talapalliwar, M. R. (2017)

Chan Hang Saing, Kiesha Prem, Ponha Uk, Navy Chann, Pheak Chhoun,
Phalkun Mun, Sovannary Tuot, Siyan Yi, Prevalence and social determinants of
psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia, International
Journal of Mental Health Systems, 10.1186/s13033-020-00411-5, 14, 1, (2020).

NIDA. 2020, June 3. Types of Treatment Programs. Retrieved from

https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-
research-based-guide-third-edition/drug-addiction-treatment-in-united-states/
types-treatment-programs on 2021, December 6

Appendix B
LETTER FOR VALIDATION
RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL COLLEGES
CRIMININAL JUSTICE PROGRAM
Pioneer Avenue, 9500, General Santos City
Tel No. [085] 552-3348 Fax No: (083)301-1927
www.rmmc.edu.com

To Validators

Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges

Sir/ Ma’am:

Greetings of peace!
 26

The undersigned is presently conducting a thesis study entitled

“Satisfaction level on the community- based drug rehabilitation program in
Barangay Bula, General Santos City”.

In this connection, we would like to request your expertise to validate the

instrument to be used in the study. Your kind approval will help a lot for the
success of the study.

Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully yours,
JUDE RYAN B. GAYDA
ANGELO P. PEDROSA
Researcher

Noted by:
LUDWIG T. GAMAD
Thesis Adviser
Appendix D
LETTER OF PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY
RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL COLLEGES
CRIMININAL JUSTICE PROGRAM
Pioneer Avenue, 9500, General Santos City
Tel No. [085] 552-3348 Fax No: (083)301-1927
www.rmmc.edu.com

December 5, 2021
ROSALIE PORCALEIN
CSWDO Family Sector Head
General Santos City

Dear ma’am:

Greeting of Peace!
 27

The undersigned is presently conducting a thesis study entitled

“Satisfaction level on the community- based drug rehabilitation program in
Barangay Bula, General Santos City”.

In this connection, he is requesting your good office to allow him to

conduct a study among the chosen respondents in this school. Your positive
response will mean a lot for the success of the study.
Rest assured that all gathered information shall be kept strictly
confidential. Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully yours,
JUDE RYAN B. GAYDA
ANGELO P. PEDROSA
Researcher

Noted by:
LUDWIG T, GAMAD
Thesis Adviser
Appendix C
VALIDATION SHEET

To the Validator:
Please check the appropriate box for your ratings using the following
validation scale:
5 – Excellent 1 – Poor
4 – Very Good 2 – Fair
3 – Good

Items 5 4 3 2 1

1. Clarify of directions and items.

The vocabulary level, language structure and
conceptual level of respondents. The test directions
and items written in clear and understandable manner.
2. Presentation/Organization of items.
The items are presented and organized in logical
manner.
 28

3. Suitability of items.
The manner of items appropriately represented the
substance of the research. The questions are designed
to determined the conditions, knowledge, perception
and attitudes that are supposed to be measured.

4. Adequateness items per category.

The items represent the coverage of the research and
equality. The number of question per area is
respectively enough of the question needed of the
research.
5. Attainment of the purpose.
The instrument as a whole fulfills the objectives of
which was constructed.
6. Objectivity
Each item question requires only specific answer or
measures only behavior and no aspect of the
questionnaire suggests bias of the researcher.
7. Scale and evaluation rating system.
Scale adapted is appropriate for items.

Overall Remarks:

Date validated: _________________

_______________________________
(Signature above Name of Validator)
CURRICULUM VITAE
JUDE RYAN B. GAYDA

Gensanville Subdivision Phase 1-A Blk 27 Lot 33 ,

Bula , GSC

Mobile Phone: 09465960660

Email : gaydaryan03@gmail.com

Facebook: Jude Ryan Gayda

Personal Data:

Nickname: Jude
 29

Age: 22

Birthday: April 27,1999

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Height: 5’9

Weight: 70

Citizenship: Filipino

Father: Julius O. Gayda

Mother: Christine B. Gayda

Special Skill: Playing Basketball and Darts, Playing online games

Educational Background:
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges
General Santos City
Secondary: General Santos City National High School
Barangay Calumpang, General Santos City
2016-2017
Elementary: Dadiangas West Central Elementary School
Barangay West, General Santos City
2011-2012
 30

CURRICULUM VITAE

ANGELO P. PEDROSA

Zone 6, Bula, GSC

Mobile Phone: 09664431185

Email : pedrosaangelo6@gmail.com

Facebook: Angelo Punay Pedrosa

Personal Data:
Nickname: Tabilongs
Age: 21
Birthday: September 9, 2000
Sex: Male
Civil Status: Single
 31

Height: 5’6
Weight: 64
Citizenship: Filipino
Father: Avelino N. Pedrosa
Mother: Cinderella P. Pedrosa
Special Skill: Playing Basketball, Dancing and playing online games
Educational Background:
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges
General Santos City
Secondary: Bula National School of Fisheries
Zone 7, Bula, General Santos City
2017-2018
Elementary: Bula Central Elementary School
Zone 8, Bula, General Santos City
2012-2013
32