Practical Research Final Output
Practical Research Final Output
Practical Research Final Output
Practical Research II
By:
STEM Strand
February 2022
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
As of November 18, 2021, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID – 19) had
been confirmed in over 220 countries and territories. The virus had infected almost 256 million
people worldwide, and the number of deaths had reached 5.1 million. COVID – 19 is highly
contagious; it spreads from person to person through contact and also respiratory transmission.
Due to the spread of COVID – 19 across the world, it has accelerated the need to reliably
and quickly identify people who are infected and contagious [1]. Therefore, all workplaces,
public places as well as crowded places such as malls, airports, train stations, bus stations, gyms,
hospitals, churches, and etc. should provide a body temperature screening procedure to prevent
In our daily life, the measurement of body temperature is a basic way to determine the
normal life of the human body. Temperature screening is therefore proposed as a procedure for
accessing to controlled areas and facilities [2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) promoted
the use of thermal imaging cameras for body temperature screening to deal with global health
due to COVID – 19. In fact, the facilitators of workplaces and public places had the obligation to
measure the body temperature of workers, public employees and other people at the entrances of
Yet, measuring body temperature is a complex task, especially when it aims to identify
infected subjects in a quick and reliable way. As a consequence, body temperature measurement
should be sufficiently accurate, reliable and reproducible for the related social and health
historically been measured using contact thermometers either mounted on the forehead or
inserted in the mouth, ear, armpit or rectum [4]. Non – contact thermometers read body
temperature through limited or no contact with an individual’s body. In other words, body
temperature can be determined without the pain of having to keep the mouth, armpit or rectum
immobilized with a thermometer long enough to get an accurate reading. Inhibiting the need
for contact means that thermometer disinfection between patients is unnecessary; allowing for
faster use during mass screenings in different places including workplace and public places
Only infrared thermometers and thermal imaging cameras allow almost instantaneous and
thermometers have also been recognized by the public due to their safety and rapidity. Infrared
thermometers were based on the principles of black body radiation to measure an individual’s
infrared radiation wavelength, followed by the body temperature measurement [7]. Infrared
sensors used by infrared thermometers are for absorbing the radiation of human body without
any emission, which uses a passive non – contact measurement methods and can effectively
prevent cross infection of an individual’s body. Therefore, infrared thermometers are safe and
convenient, and does not cause harm to the human body [8].
Probably the most debated issue in remote temperature techniques is its reliability. In
and by the operator’s ability. However, the accuracy of noncontact temperature measurement can
be improved through utilization of dual-band or multiband infrared sensing [9]. In fact, these
sensors are more costly and complicated, provided of unknown emissivity and of some
background noise, since the infrared emitted from the target at different wavelengths bands is
detected [10].
In this study, the researchers aim to construct an innovative noncontact device designed
to be placed near the main entrances of workplaces, schools, and public places as well as
crowded places such as malls and hospitals to measure people’s body temperatures with an
alcohol dispenser type for disinfection as a procedure to prevent the spread of COVID – 19
disease.
The body temperature recorded through temperature sensor will be presented on an LCD
screen. After that, entry is either allowed or denied depending on the device’s recorded body
temperature that will make either of the green led light or red led light blink determining if your
To summarize, this study will mainly focus on constructing an innovative device that will
help lessen a facilitator’s work (thermal scanning) manually and usage of time on mass
This study aims to construct an innovative device that will help lessen a facilitator’s work
(thermal scanning) on mass screenings and able to perform its objectives as an anti – COVID
2. Is there any significant difference between the Glo-Tech and other anti – coronavirus
devices?
3. Is the accuracy and performance of the device in reading the body temperature will be
1.2. Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference between the Glo-Tech and other anti – coronavirus
devices.
H1: There is a significant difference between the Glo-Tech and other anti – coronavirus
devices.
This study will provide information about the coronavirus disease of today’s century with
included process and practices. More importantly, to present this upgraded concept of gadget,
Glo-Tech should able to assure the reliability and accuracy of remote temperature techniques.
Furthermore, this may also contribute in forming new ideas to other researchers aiming to craft
In measuring an individual’s temperature, this study will able to uncover critical stages
during the outbreak of the virus. For the researchers, this study will be a great procedure to
determine the functions of Glo-tech and other anti-corona instruments in the educational aspect
that many researches were not able to explore. Through the use of Glo-Tech, facilitators
especially security guards’ work load and usage of time on mass screenings will be reduced that
they can focus more on their work than checking the temperature of the individuals who enter a
This study aspires facilitators like guards in workplaces, school and public places to use
the GloTech as an alternative to lessen their work manually and usage of time on mass
screenings. The GloTech is designed to be placed near the main entrances of these places for
mass screenings working independently without a facilitator’s work or help. In this study, the
researchers will only focus: (1) Ability of the device to record body temperature accurately and
reliably. (2) On the capability of the device to perform its objectives as an anti – COVID
transmission instrument. The device can only measure surface or body temperatures; it cannot
Capability. Amount of work a person or object can do and how well they can do it.
COVID – 19. An infectious disease caused by the SARS – CoV-2 virus. Most people
infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness.
Facilitator. A person who guides and manages an event to ensure that the group
Mass screenings. Term used to indicate the large-scale screening of whole population
groups.
Reliable. Being consistently good in quality or performance. Giving the same results on
successive trials.
Sensor. A device that measures physical input from its environment and converts it into
Thermal Scanning. A procedure that detects, records, and produces a careful analysis
and images of skin surface temperature patterns (body heat) as a reflection of normal or
This chapter presents relevant studies and literature. Also, this chapter involves some
excerpts from the thesis, books, the internet, and other journals that can help and add to the
analysis of the current study on the development of innovative thermal scanner which is the Glo-
Tech.
Related Literatures
Hand movement data acquisition is used in many engineering applications ranging from
the analysis of gestures to the biomedical sciences. Glove-based systems represent one of the
most important efforts aimed at acquiring hand movement data. While they have been around for
over three decades, they keep attracting the interest of researchers from increasingly diverse
fields. It also analyzes the characteristics of the devices, provides a road map of the evolution of
the technology, and discusses limitations of current technology and trends at the frontiers of
research. A foremost goal of this literature is to provide readers who are new to the area with a
basis for understanding glove systems technology and how it can be applied, while offering
the people who became infected. There must a test to identify the people who has COVID 19 by
thermal scanner to know if the person has infected. Advance thermal scanner gloves is designed
to organize, notify and scan all the people who comes in to prevent the entering of people who
have COVID 19. advance thermal scanner gloves plan using a glove that put in the wall in the
door. Left and right hand of the glove’s device is developed using 2-axis motion device.
Activation of data capturing once the person enter the door using PIR proximity sensor getting
the temperature data putting down the data gathered which shall not exceed to 38.8°. voice
indication will activate if the person who entered is above 38.8° (2020).
Surico (2020) proposes the utilization of thermal imaging scanners to be available for
civilian use especially in countries financially affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. With the
current pandemic, thermal scanners prove to be am efficient solution to aid in the survival and
revival of the heavily impacted industries. These thermal scanners are able to make images of
infrared radiation and ate typically more sensitive to heat wavelengths compared to light.
Because of this, there is easier identification of people's body temperatures, whether they are in
crowds or not. Certain innovations like these are now clearly evident in aiports like those of in
Hong Kong and Japan, including African countries that have begun manufacturing thermal
Thermal imaging technology is being used to detect potential cases of COVID-19 and
filter out individuals in public spaces who are suspected of suffering from the virus. It detects
heightened temperature that may be due to a fever, one of the most common symptoms of the
disease. Around the world, governments, companies, and other entities are using or planning to
rely on thermal imaging as part of their strategy to reopen economies. In this post, we map out
the leading technologies and products used for thermal imaging, review the key technical
limitations of thermal scanning as described in scientific literature, and discuss the privacy
announced as pandemic by the WHO. It continues to spread widely and claim lives, I am trying
to put together a repository of how technology is helping to contain or help people during the
outbreak. Many technologies have been adopted in every place to control the deadly virus
spread. Authorities at the airport and public places are using thermal imaging equipment to
detect if a person’s body temperature is above the normal range. In case it is detected to be high,
the authorities are keeping records and suggesting the person to the medical authorities for
further treatments. Thermal screening cameras have been installed at airports across many
countries that are being used to screen travelers flying in every country. These devices are used
to detect body temperature and find who has a higher body temperature or who is running a high
fever.
Thermal scanners are being used widely at airports because checking every passenger’s
body temperature with thermometers can be a nightmare and cause delays at immigration
counters. Thermal cameras have the potential to scan the large crowd and spot individuals with
high temperatures. Once authorities identify people with high fever, they send them for further
screening. If they tested positive from the virus, they will undergo 14th days of quarantine to
Related Studies
In the study, the use of thermal imaging devices and non-contact infrared thermometers
to detect increased temperatures is supported by the scientific literature. These devices have
numerous advantages, but they must be used correctly to obtain accurate data. Because a high
temperature does not always indicate a COVID-19 infection, more assessment, and diagnostic
Galehouse,2020).
In another study, individuals who have higher temperatures, such as those who have
COVID-19, can be promptly detected. Thermal scanners help reduce physical contact during
social distancing and streamline staff flow during shift changes when entrances are busiest.
Howard et al. (2021) Reducing disease spread requires two things: limiting contacts of
infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures and reducing the transmission
probability per contact. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus
when compliance is high. Given the current shortages of medical masks, we recommend the
adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction
with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory
overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask wearing by infectious people (“source control”) with
benefits at the population level, rather than only mask wearing by susceptible people, such as
Masks have been recommended as a potential tool to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic
since the initial outbreak in China (1), although usage during the outbreak varied by time and
location (2). Globally, countries are grappling with translating the evidence of public mask
wearing to their contexts. These policies are being developed in a complex decision-making
environment, with a novel pandemic, rapid generation of new research, and exponential growth
in cases and deaths in many regions. There is currently a global shortage of N95/FFP2 respirators
and surgical masks for use in hospitals. Simple cloth masks present a pragmatic solution for use
by the public. This has been supported by most health bodies. We present an interdisciplinary
narrative review of the literature on the role of face masks in reducing COVID-19 transmission
in the community.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the procedures or methods that will be applied in the design
processing and construction of the “Gloves Technology” (Glo-Tech). Each procedure has
corresponding explanations.
Research Method
Acquisition of
Materials
Construction of the
Device
Programming of the
Internal Layout
Attachment of Sensors Sensors and Modules
and Modules
Testing the Device
Data Gathering
The materials required for the device’s construction were procured. The materials utilized
in this study were purchased from online stores, specifically the Arduino Uno, MLX906
(Infrared or Temperature Sensor), Male to Female Jumper Wires, LEDs, Arduino Nano At Mega
328P, CH340G, 16 x 2 LCD display 12C, and Switch. These materials were utilized in the main
MATERIALS FUNCTIONS
changed.
Male and Female Jumper Wires Conducting wires that establish an electrical
The researchers acquired the following materials: Arduino – Uno, MLX906 (Infrared or
Temperature Sensor), Male to Female Jump Wires, LEDs, CH340G, 16 x 2 LCD display, I2C
communication interface, switch, and other materials needed in the process of construction of the
device.
inner construction of the device with the specific details utilized (2) Programming of the Sensors
and Modules; the section where the researchers programmed the sensors and modules to help the
Fig. 2. Circuit Diagram of the Device with and without LCD Screen.
After the preparation of the materials, soldering of the wires was conducted in every
components of the device. The connections were doublechecked to prevent damage and
malfunctioning. Furthermore, the LCD display and Infrared Sensor (MLX90614) were attached
The researchers used an app, Arduino IDE, in programming Arduino - UNO and Infrared
sensor (MLX90614) with the use of Arduino language. The program was used for the activation
After programming the Sensors and Modules, it will be attached in the main structure of
the device. Each sensors and modules have its own functions that would help the device for
The connection of the wires should be observed by the researchers to prevent short –
In testing the device, the researchers will test the capability, accuracy and reliability in
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Malfunctioning of the device’s sensors and modules and program error detections are the main
In this part, the researchers tried to measure body temperature but the infrared sensor
didn’t function. It is because of the main problem, program error detection, why the sensor is not
From the figures above, the connection for the internal part of the device was checked by
the researchers. The real main problem was the program detecting errors even though it was
doublechecked and changed multiple times for the program to be verified and uploaded to the
places as an alternative to lessen their work manually and usage of time on mass screenings.
However, the researchers met such problems in focusing on the factors needed to be achieved by
the device: (1) Ability of the device to record body temperature accurately and reliably. (2) On
the capability of the device to perform its objectives as an anti – COVID transmission
instrument. The device was not able to function well due to programming errors which is one of
the main requirements for the device’s capability to perform its objectives without any problem.
Based from the trials conducted by the researchers, it was concluded that the research
questions cannot be answered due to problems met by the researchers in programming the device
for its functionality and capability to perform its objectives especially in accurate body
RECOMMENDATIONS
Further knowledge is necessary for this study, especially in programming language, for
the device to be able to achieve its proper functioning especially the Infrared Sensor which is the
main factor that should be prioritized in this study. Also, it is necessary for the device to provide
an accurate body temperature reading and reliability to be able to reduce COVID transmission in
For longer lifespan of the device, it is advised to make the device weather-proof and use
higher battery capacities for higher voltage outputs that can power the sensors and modules for a
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[2] FDA. (2020). Enforcement Policy for Telethermographic Systems During the Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug
Administration Staff; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug
Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Office of Product
online: https://www.lavoro.gov.it/documenti-e-norme/normative/Documents/2020/DPCM-26-
aprile-2020.pdf
[4] Vernon. G. (2018). Non-contact infrared thermometers. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 64 (629) (2014)
615, https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp14X682669. A
[5] Mayer. (2009). ‘‘Basic Principles”. Anat. Hear. by Multislice Comput. Tomogr., pp. 1–6,
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Chapter 7, pp.139.
[7] Luo. Y. (2014). Design of data acquisition system based on LabVIEW for infrared
[8] Li N. (2011). ,Design of infrared temperature measurement system based on MLX90615 and
[9] Romanovsky, A.A. (2018). The thermoregulation system and how it works. In Handbook of
Clinical Neurology; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Volume 156, pp. 3–43.
[10] Negishi. T., Abe. S., Matsui. T., Liu. H., Kurosawa. M., Kirimoto. T., & Sun. G. (2020)
Contactless vital signs measurement system using RGB-thermal image sensors and its clinical
screening test on patients with seasonal influenza. Handbook of Sensors. Vol. 20, pp. 21 - 71.