Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I

Transmission & Distribution

Substation

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What is Substation ?
Substation is an Electrical installation where power is
controlled for transmission & distribution purpose.

Substations can be categorized as:

Power evacuation substation
Substation part of Transmission system
Substation part of Distribution system

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 Transmission
The and Distribution Substations
Electric Utility UTMS

Power Evacuation Substation

Transmission Substation

Switching Substation

Distribution Substation

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Power Evacuation Substation

Located adjacent to the Power Plant
Preferred voltage level
– 420 kV
– 245 kV
– 123,145 kV
– 72.5, 66 kV
Evacuation voltage level depends on
– Quantum of power to be evacuated (size of power plant)
– Distance of Transmission
– Gird network voltage of surrounding transmission system
Normally built by
– Utilities (e.g. NTPC, NHPC, Captive Power Plant by industries)
– Independent Power Producer (IPP)
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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Transmission Substation
Location is decided based on Transmission Grid Network
Preferred voltage level
– 420kV
– 245kV
– 145kV
Transmission voltage depends on
– Quantum of power to be received / transmitted
– Length of transmission line
Normally built by
– Utilities (e.g. Power Grid, State Electricity Boards)

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Distribution Substation
Location is near the load
Preferred voltage level
– 245kV
– 145kV
– 72.5/36 kV
Station voltage level depends on
– Demand of power
– Utility norms of distribution
Normally built by
– Utilities (e.g. State Electricity Broads)
– Industries
Typical SLD

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What is Busbar Configuration ?

Busbar configuration or Bus switching scheme is the circuit
adopted for substation based on following:
– System reliability
– Operational flexibility
– Ease of maintenance
– Limitation of fault level
– Simplicity of Protection system
– Ease of extension
– Availability of Land
– Cost

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Various Busbar Configuration

Single Bus Scheme
Without Sectionaliser With Sectionaliser

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Various Busbar Configuration

Single Bus Scheme
Application
– Industrial stations with voltage level generally up to 145kV
– Also used for 245kV station with 2/3 bays
Features
– Simple system
• Ease of Operation & maintenance
• Single level bus layout
– Very simple Control & Protection philosophy
– Large saving in space
– No redundancy

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Busbar Configuration contd...

Double Bus Scheme

Double Bus with Double Bus with one Double Bus with one
two Main & without Main & one Transfer Main & one Main cum
Transfer Transfer
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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
Double Bus Scheme
Double Bus with one Main & one Transfer

Bus Coupler Bay

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Various Busbar Configuration

Double Bus Scheme
Application
– Normally this is used for most industrial stations and some time
small power evacuation system
Features
– Simpler system
– Better availability as additional bus is provided
– Breaker can be taken out for maintenance where transfer bus
feature is provided

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Busbar Configuration contd...

Three Bus Scheme
Transfer

Main-2

Main-1

Three Bus with Main I & II

and separate Transfer Bus
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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
Three Bus Scheme
Three Bus with Main I & II and separate Transfer Bus
Transfer

Main-2

Main-1

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Various Busbar Configuration

Three Bus Scheme
Application
– Power evacuation station
– Interconnecting substation for transmission lines
– Heavy Industrial stations viz. Steel, Aluminium, Petro-chemicals
Features
– Independent two buses sharing the feeder
– Better load management
– Better reliability
– One transfer bay is in-built for redundancy of one bay
– Complex Control & Protection system

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Busbar Configuration contd...

One & half breaker scheme

Main-1
Main-2

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
One & half breaker scheme

Main-1
Main-2

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Various Busbar Configuration

One & half breaker scheme
Application
– Mostly this configuration is adopted where high reliability is required
– Power evacuation station for big power plant
– Interconnecting transmission substations with 420/245kV level
Features
– Very high reliability
– Costly because of increase no. of Circuit Breaker
– Complex Control & Protection philosophy

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Busbar configuration adopted by..

Power evacuation Substations
– Double bus scheme
– Three bus scheme
• Two Main & one Transfer
– One & half breaker scheme
Transmission Substations
– Double bus scheme
– Three bus scheme
• Two Main & one Transfer
• One Main & Main cum Transfer
– One & half breaker scheme

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Busbar configuration adopted by..

Distribution Substations
– Single Bus with / without sectionaliser
– Double bus scheme
– Three bus scheme
• Two Main & one Transfer
• One Main & Main cum Transfer

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What does a substation contains..

Substation

Main Engineered Auxiliary Auxiliary

Equipment items Equipment System

Civil Structure

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Main Equipment
Circuit Breaker
Instrument Transformer (CT/CVT)
Surge Arrester
Isolator
Transformer & Reactor
Bus Support Insulator
Line Traps
Control & Protection system
Power Line Carrier Communication system

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What does a substation contains..

Substation

Main Engineered Auxiliary Auxiliary

Equipment items Equipment System

Civil Structure

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Engineered items
Busbar Materials
– Strung bus conductor (ACSR)
– Rigid bus conductor (AL Tube)
– Clamps & Connectors
– String Insulator & Hardware
Earthing Materials
– Main earthing materials (Rod or Flat)
– Earth Pits
Cables & accessories
– LT Power & Control cable
– HT Power Cable
– Cable terminations, gland, lugs, ties, marker etc.
– Cable supporting materials
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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What does a substation contains..

Substation

Main Engineered Auxiliary Auxiliary

Equipment items Equipment System

Civil Structure

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Auxiliary Equipment
LTAC Switchgear panel
AC Distribution board
Battery & Battery Charger
DC Distribution board
Auxiliary LT transformer
Lighting Transformer
Main Lighting Distribution board
Emergency Lighting Distribution board
Diesel Generator
UPS

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What does a substation contains..

Substation

Main Engineered Auxiliary Auxiliary

Equipment items Equipment System

Civil Structure

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Auxiliary System
Illumination system
– Indoor (Control Room Building, DG, FFPH Building.)
– Outdoor switchyard
Fire fighting and fire detection system
Air conditioning and ventilation system

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What does a substation contains..

Substation

Main Engineered Auxiliary Auxiliary

Equipment items Equipment System

Civil Structure

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Substation Structures
Main Column and Beam structures
Equipment supporting structures

Substation Civil
Foundation for gantry column & equipment
Foundation for Transformer / Reactor
Control room building / DG, FFPH building
Outdoor switchyard cable trench
Surface drainage
Roads
Fencing and gate
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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

A typical substation content wise cost structure.

A B C D E F G H
6% 13% 4%

16%
27%

5%
7%
22%
A > Transformer / Reactor----------------------------------------- 27%
B > EHV Circuit Breaker, CT, CVT, LA, Isolator, BPI------- 22%
C > Control, Protection & PLCC----------------------------------- 7%
D > Medium Voltage Switchgear---------------------------------- 5%
E > Cables, AC/DC Aux., Lighting, Busbar etc.--------------- 16%
F > Structures---------------------------------------------------------- 6%
G > Civil------------------------------------------------------------------ 13%
H > Erection------------------------------------------------------------- 4%
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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What is Substation Layout ?

Substation Layout is the conception which transforms to
reality through engineering, execution & commissioning.

Layout Engineering . . . .
is the basic document to be sent to Customer / Consultants
for approval
forms the basis of entire project scope
forms basis for engineering estimates
form input for civil & structure design
basic document for statutory approval

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

What is Substation Layout ?

TYPICAL SUBSTATION PLAN LAYOUT

Incoming Line
Bay
Single Bus Bar
Outgoing
Transformer Bay

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Layout Engineering
Following details form the input for layout engineering:
Bay & Busbar configuration
Bay width & depth, Height of busbar, Distance to fence,
Building and total dimensions.
Statutory clearances (Phase to Phase, Phase to Earth,
Sectional clearance)
Lightning Mast, Gantries (Column & Beam), String
Insulators, Busbar, Equipment etc.
Position of various drive box, junction box, Marshalling box.

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Layout Engineering
Bay Width it depends on...
Phase to Phase & Phase to Earth clearances
Sectional Clearances
Tower width
Swing of conductor
Bird clearances
Cable trench routing
Maintainability of equipment
Tandem Isolator arrangement
Equipment Distances it depends on...
Phase to Phase & Phase to Earth clearances
Sectional Clearances
Position of switch cubicle, junction box, drive box etc.
Maintainability of equipment

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Layout Engineering
Standard bay width & clearances
System Voltage Phase to Phase Phase to Earth Bay width
Distance Distance
kV mm mm mm
66 2000 2000 8000
132 2700 2500 9400
132 (Standard) 3000 3000 12000
220 (standard) 4500 4000 17000
220 (Industry) 4500 4500 18000
220 (IPP) 5000 4000 18000
400 7000 6500 27000

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

DESIGN & ENGINEERING TOOLS

AUTO Auto CAD 2000
SWITCHYARD FOR DRAWING
FOR CALULATIONS PREPARATION

CHECKLIST, MS OFFICE FOR

STANDARD PROCESS ALL OTHER
DRAWINGS WORK

SOFTWARE USED BY
EXECUTED PROJ.
CIVIL, STRUCTURE,
DOCUMENT ILLUMINATION
LIBRARY DATABASE
CONSULTANTS

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

DESIGN ENGINEERING TOOLS

ELECTRO-DYNAMIC EARTHMAT DESIGN

FORCE CALCULATION CALCULATION

AUTOSWITCHYARD FOR
ENGINEERING
BUS BAR DESIGN CALCULATION BATTERY SIZING
CALCULATION CALCULATION

TEMPERATURE RISE CT
CTAPPLICATION
APPLICATION
CALCULATION CHECK
CHECK

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
COMPETENCE - Our People
180 man-years of experience with average of 12 years experience
Number of job engineered with different
– Voltage level
– Bus configuration
– Protection requirement
– Customer specific requirement

250

200

150

100

50

0
72.5K DIST.
420KV 245KV 145KV 36KV
V S/S
PROJECT 15 38 53 8 5 27
BAYS 130 239 169 26 9 139
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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Our Business ...

Recognised leadership established globally in

providing Products, Solutions & Services for the
Power Transmission industry……..

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Our Business ...

Successfully co-ordinate designing &

building AIS & GIS sub-stations

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Our Business ...

ABB Combines both being a full scope

manufacturer of components and an experienced
System Integrator with over 30 years of practice
in providing sub-stations on EPC basis…….

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

NTPC GANDHAR

One of India’s biggest Switchyard.

Power Evacuation of 645MW through
10 bays of 245kV & 12 bays of 420kV

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

NTPC GANDHAR

Gandhar Switchyard gets controlled from here

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

IPCL Dahej Project

Repeat order from one of the India's

largest Petro-Chemical Industries ….

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Dabhol (Enron) Project

One of our valued IPP customer ….

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Dabhol (Enron) Project

400kV
Equipment
Erection..

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS

Switchyard for Reliance Petroleum at Jamnagar

R C C structures for 245 kV

switchyard powering largest
green field refinery in India

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
POWERGRID, Jallandhar

Another achievement
Power Transmission substation of 2X315MVA
through 13 bays of 245kV & 5 diameter of 420kV

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
POWERGRID, Jallandhar

315MVA Transformer

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
Transmission & Distribution Substation
The many FIRSTS ……..
 FIRST 400kv Switchyard in India - UPSEB
 220KV Switchyard for India’s FIRST IPP - GVK Rajamundary
 India’s biggest ever Power Distribution project for Durgapur
Integrated Steel Plant
 400kV Switchyard for ENRON’S FIRST power plant in India.
 APSEB and MSEB’S FIRST 220KV Substation turnkey order
 placed on us.
 Turnkey substation for India’s FIRST Barge mounted Power Plant
 IPP - Tanir bavi

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
Voltage wise summary

• Air Insulated Sub-Stations (AIS)

Voltage No. of Projects No. of Bays

420 kV 15 130

245 kV 37 280

145 kV 65 324

72.5 kV 10 36

36 kV 11 183

Plant Distribution 21 262 [Load Center]

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 Transmission and Distribution Substations UTMS
Market segmentwise summary
Air insulated Sub-Stations (AIS) No. of Projects

Power Transmission 43

Industry
# Steel 23
# Cement 10
# Oil & Gas, Petrochemical 7
# Chemical & Fertilizers 10
# Minerals 5
# Others 22

Research & Development 5

Exports 6
------
Total: 131
===

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