Socio-Demographic Profiling of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Positive

Patients in Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Medical Hospital from 2015 – 2019

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV), commonly known as Acquired Immuno-

Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), is one of the most known sexually transmitted disease. It

is a chronic and can harm the health of an individual. It may even be fatal or deadly on

some conditions because the immune is damaged by the virus. Mayo Clinic (2019)

explained that this kind of disease is one of the most leading disease all over the world.

As explained, this disease can be transmitted sexually or by contact to blood of an

infected. It may also be inherited by a child during pregnancy. Without medication, it is

possible that HIV can fully deplete and weaken the immune system of any infected

individual.

HIV/AIDS is a disease that still has no cure. Instead of curing the disease,

medications have been used to slow the progression of the disease. Some of this

medications have depleted the death toll characterized by AIDS infected individuals.

Pietrangelo (2020) defined HIV as a virus that destroys the immune system of

any individual that gets infected. When untreated, HIV can destroy white blood cells

that helps fight any disease. Pietrangelo added that HIV is a disease that can be

transmitted sexually, blood contact, and even through pregnancy, childbirth or

breastfeeding. HIV is a virus that inserts itself into DNA to destroy the individual’s

immune system. In the present times, cure for HIV is not yet available. Instead of

curing it, specialists uses medications in order to slow the development of the disease.

Hence, any individual that is infected by HIV, when treated, lives with the virus all-

through-out their life.

Background of the Study

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immuno-Deficiency

Syndrome is very crucial. Aside from the fact that this disease has no cure yet, the

effects of the disease in the lives of infected people are also alarming. Having this kind

of this disease is not easy. In fact, due to fallacies and myths most people know about

HIV, most infected persons are out-casted by the society even by their families and

relatives. Most HIV patients have been experiencing discrimination and maltreatment

from different types of people. Some of the people are also afraid of them due to the

false information that HIV can be transmitted even in contact.

This only appears that most of the people have less of knowledge on the

HIV/AIDS. In order to increase awareness and knowledge about this matter, the

researcher has decided to conduct a study that can fully inform society of the facts

about the HIV/AIDS. It also identifies on which group of people has cases of HIV/AIDS.

The study also shows how the HIV positive patients know whether they need to

undergo surgery or not. In the latter part of the study, the researcher is able to discuss

the facts to increase knowledge about HIV/AIDS.

Theoretical Framework

The study focuses on how to increase the knowledge of individuals about

HIV/AIDS. This study is relatively connected to Social Learning Theory. Social Learning

Theory is proposed by Albert Bandura. Bandura explained that through observation,

modelling and imitation, the mass is able to develop an attitude towards a given

scenario. This clearly helps the objective of the researcher to increase awareness and

knowledge on HIV/AIDS. Through intensive research, it is possible to inform more of

the people about the truths of HIV/AIDS. The researcher wants to achieve a more

informed society about HIV/AIDS and refrain other people from discriminating and

mistreating HIV Positive Patients. This is possible with the results of the study.

As for the concepts, the researcher utilizes socio-demographic profile of

respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, monthly

family income and religious affiliation. The researcher also identified who among the

respondents were referred to surgical service for evaluation and possible surgery. It is

able to achieve the details through data gathering procedures specifically the use of

survey questionnaires. The latter results of the data gathering are used in order to

identify the average profile of HIV Positive Patients as well as indications for

involvement of a HIV Patient to a surgical service and possible surgery. Below is an

illustration in the form of an Input-Process-Output Research Model to further present

the flow of the study.

Figure 1 – Conceptual Framework

 INPUT:
1. Demographic
Profile of the
Respondents in
terms of: PROCESS: OUTPUT:
a. Age Data gathering Average Socio-
b. Gender procedure through demographic profile
utilization of: of HIV positive
c. Civil Status
a. Survey patients in General
d. Educational Questionnaires Emilio Aguinaldo
Attainment Medical Hospital in
b. Previous records
e. Monthly Family of patients with HIV Cavite
Income
f. Religous
Affiliation

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to identify the socio-demographic profile of the HIV positive

patients from 2015 – 2019. Specifically, the study answers the following questions:

1. What is the total number of screened patients in the Hospitals for HIV from 2014

to 2020 in terms of :

a. Total Screened

b. Non-Related

c. Filed Cases

2. What is the number of positive cases of HIV based on the gathered data from

2014 to 2020?
 3. Is there any implications between total number of screened patients in the

Hospitals for HIV from 2014 to 2020 and the number of positive cases of HIV

based on the gathered data from 2014 to 2020?

4. What plan of action can be recommended based on the findings of the study?

Hypothesis

The researcher assumes that there is a great number of HIV positive cases for

each succeeding year.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study is found to be significant and is beneficial to the society.

Particularly, the study benefits the following:

Department of Health. Provides awareness and knowledge on which group of people

are mostly prone and are usually infected by HIV.

Cavite Government Officials. Raises awareness and knowledge of officials about the

need to inform and teach the residents about facts and information about HIV.

Future Researcher. Generates useful ideas and information that can be used by

future researchers who seek to know more of HIV.

Scope and Limitations

The study focuses on identifying the socio-demographic profile of the HIV

positive patients from 2015 – 2019 admitted in General Emilio Aguinaldo Medical

Hospital only. Other socio-demographic profiles from other hospitals are not included in
the study. HIV patients that are admitted in 2014 are also not included since the scope

of the study is only from 2015 to 2019. New patients and incoming patients are also not

included.

The study could be more comprehensive and attainable. With additional effort,

time and finance, it would be possible to cover a wide range of sample. Since there is

still lacking in the three aspects, the researcher is not yet capable of doing so.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are found in the study. Each term are defined according to

its contextual use in the study. The following are the terms:

Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – a disease that destroys white blood

cells which helps in the immune system of the body.

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) – a virus that destroys the immune system by

breaking the CDT 4 or white blood cells.

Immune System – a system in the body of human that prevents an individual from

getting infected with serious diseases.

White Blood Cells – are cells found in the blood that helps in improving the immune

system of the body.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the literatures and studies that support and are relevant to

the main topic and objective of the study. This may include excerpts from books,

journals, news articles or even articles from internet that are found to be useful and are

reliable. Dissertations and other studies may also be included for reference and support

for the results.

HIV: The need to boost awareness and knowledge

In the current society, when an individual is subjected for HIV/AIDS, they get

maltreatment and discrimination. This is due to the insufficient knowledge of the society

about the disease. Most people believe that this disease can be easily transferred even

by touching or physical contact with the infected person. Half of this is true. According

to Mayo Clinic (2020), HIV or AIDS is a disease that can be easily transmitted from one

person to another through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion or inherited from an

infected mother. This means that HIV or AIDS can be transmitted to another person

through physical contact but not simple contact such as touching of hands or giving hug

for an infected person. Instead, it can be transmitted to a type of physical contact

commonly noted as intimate physical contact. Thus, it can only be transmitted if a

person has some intimate physical contact with the infected person. This is way far

from what most of the people thought of. Hence, what they always think and keep in

mind is always wrong.

 According to the Office of Woman’s Health (OWH, 2019), HIV is a disease that

has no cure. Instead, infected persons are given medications to slow down the

development of diseases and prevent from having a bad immune system caused by

HIV. There is a need to test first before an individual can identify if their partner is

positive or not. Once tested, it is assured that it is reliable and true. OWH added that

this disease cannot be transmitted even in casual contact like shake hands or clasps of

hands.

WebMD (2020) explained that this disease can be acquired from human blood,

sexual fluids and breast milk. With the HIV, the immune system of the infected is

weakened which makes him or her vulnerable in all kinds of diseases. It is usually

transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing of needles used in syringes or tattoo.

HIV is the main cause why most of the infected with this kind of virus suddenly gets

AIDS. AIDS is a syndrome that attacks the immune system and malfunctions it. This

only shows that this disease needs serious promotion for awareness and knowledge.

Davis (2020) implied that not all people with HIV progresses to AIDS. When an

infected person is treated with antiretroviral therapy treatment, the HIV stays in the

infected persons’ life but develops slowly and prevent from destroying the immune

system. HIV cannot be transmitted to casual contact. It can only be transmitted

through bodily fluids like blood, semen and breast milk. Not all HIV positive patients die,

instead they prolong life but with the virus with them permanently. This way far from

what most people believe that when a person has HIV, their life is already at stake. It

may be dangerous if not treated.

 World Health Organization (2021) mentioned that the signs and symptoms of

HIV infection differ based on the stage of infection. Despite the fact that people living

with HIV are most contagious in the first few months after becoming infected, many do

not become aware of their status until later on. Individuals may suffer no symptoms or

symptoms of an influenza-like disease such as fever, headache, rash, or sore throat in

the first few weeks after contracting the infection. As the infection impairs the immune

system, the patient may have further signs and symptoms like swollen lymph nodes,

weight loss, fever, diarrhea, and coughing. Aside from serious illnesses such as

tuberculosis (TB), cryptococcal meningitis, severe bacterial infections, and malignancies

such as lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma, they could also contract other diseases such

as HIV and AIDS.

Understanding HIV prevention means being aware of the fact that people can

lower their risk of contracting HIV by wearing condoms every time they have sexual

contact and by having one sex partner who is not infected and who does not have any

other partners. A thorough understanding of HIV entails understanding that using

condoms and having only one uninfected sexual partner are effective ways to prevent

the spread of the virus, that even healthy-looking individuals can be infected with the

virus, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about HIV

transmission: that the virus can be transmitted through mosquito bites and by sharing

food with someone who has the virus (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2018).

A rise in the number of people living with HIV is being reported in the

Philippines, despite a worldwide decline in the number of HIV infections. For the first
seven months of 2019, the country had an average of 35 new cases of HIV each day.

As per the Department of Health (2016), between January 1984 and July 2019, the

Philippines had 69,512 new HIV diagnoses, with 4,339 of those cases (or 6.7%) being

women. Because of low HIV awareness and stigma in the Philippines, the country's

actual rates of HIV infection are believed to be underestimated. One-third of Filipinos

who have HIV don't know their true status, despite free HIV testing being available in

many hospitals. Only 2.3 percent of all female respondents in the 2013 Philippine

National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) reported having tested for HIV.

According to the available data, all detected HIV cases among 15- to 17-year-

olds were transmitted through risky conduct or sexual contact. Males who have sex with

other men engage in risky behaviors from an early age, but access to services is

delayed. According to the 2015 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance

(IHBSS), approximately 10% of men who have sex with men began having sex when

they were 12 years old, with the median age of first sex for the whole sample size

being sixteen years old. The first anal sex occurs at the age of 17, the first condom use

occurs at the age of 18, the first HIV test occurs at the age of 22, and the median start

of treatment occurs at the age of 28.

In January 2021, there were 890 confirmed HIV-positive people reported to the

HIV/AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines (HARP), accounting for 1% of the total

diagnosed cases (83,755) since January 1984, according to the latest available data.

Furthermore, at the time of testing, 19 percent (172) of the participants had clinical

signs of advanced HIV infections. Ninety-six percent (852) of the cases that were
reported were men. Approximately 3% (24 out of the total number of male cases)

identified themselves as female (transgender women) when they went in for testing.

Previous research has sought to uncover the factors that contribute to its

relevance among women. Kirakoya (2017) found that a person's age, education, marital

status, socioeconomic status, and exposure to the media can all be considered socio-

demographic determinants. HIV-related determinants can also be considered (e.g.,

sexual behaviors, knowledge on HIV, perceptions on HIV testing, consumption of

intoxicants, and having talked to mother or female guardian about HIV). Other factors

that influence HIV testing involve having a troubled relationship with their spouse or

partner, tolerating domestic abuse, suffering stigma, being exposed to the media,

having had a number of lifetime sexual partners, having discussed HIV testing with

their mother or female guardian, being pregnant, and being exposed to HIV-related

health care interventions.

HIV services were maintained throughout COVID-19 due to  Family Planning

Organization of the Philippines Iloilo's cooperation with the Philippines Department of

Health, local governments, and other treatment centers and support groups. It was

possible to get all of the above services through a combination of on-site and online

counseling. In addition, since the first COVID-19 outbreak, demand for psychosocial

assistance has skyrocketed. Differentiated care can now be delivered over the internet

and through mobile clinics. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), condoms, and other

antiretroviral therapies were pre-loaded onto community champions for distribution.

 In contrast, Nguyen (2021) mentioned that treatment and testing for people

living with HIV have been severely disrupted in the Philippines owing to COVID-19

lockdowns. "The Philippines must do more to encourage those in large populations to

access HIV-related services," said UNAIDS regional director for Asia and the Pacific,

Eamonn Murphy. There must be a continued focus on these vulnerable groups to

reduce HIV prevalence and make real progress toward elimination of the disease.

Efforts to reduce the severity of the HIV epidemic in the Philippines can be

accomplished in this manner.

World Health Organization (2016) stated that most HIV prevention and control

programs include HIV testing as a key component. People can be informed about the

dangerous behaviors connected with HIV through HIV testing and counseling on an

individual level. HIV testing is the initial step in the continuum of care for people who

have the disease, and it is hoped that this will stop the spread and dissemination of the

disease.

Given the low number of women who have ever tested positive for the virus,

Pepito (2020) asserted that it is necessary to increase efforts to encourage HIV testing

among Filipino women. This information can aid in the planning and implementation of

interventions as well as the identification of which segments of the population should be

targeted by these initiatives. The spread of information, education, and communication

efforts to encourage HIV testing and dispel stereotypes surrounding the disease should

take place on television or the Internet. Such ads should be directed towards people
with lower socioeconomic status, those with less educational attainment, and those who

live in metropolitan areas, among other demographics.

To prevent the transmission of HIV, HIV testing is necessary. Mayo Clinic (2020)

indicated that the fact that many people don't know they've been infected with HIV may

make them less likely to take preventative measures to keep the virus from spreading

to others. As a result, early diagnosis and treatment with antiretroviral medications can

help slow the progression of AIDS. Everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 should get

tested for HIV, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare

providers or HIV testing centers might be used to carry out this procedure. Pregnant

women are especially at risk of transmitting HIV to their children since the virus can be

transmitted during pregnancy, delivery, or breast-feeding. If an individual takes

antiretroviral medicine during pregnancy and childbirth, the danger of passing on HIV to

their child is considerably lower.

According to the Maarten Aids Foundation (2020), an HIV-positive individual can

re-infect themselves. Re-infection not only hastens the progression of the disease, but it

also increases the possibility of the patient obtaining a virus that is "resistant" to

therapy. As a result, they would have fewer opportunities to receive appropriate

treatment. As a result, it's critical for everyone living with HIV who has intercourse to

use a condom correctly and consistently. It not only safeguards their spouse, but also

the couple. The more frequently they test, the more committed they become to

maintaining a healthy lifestyle in general. It's possible they'll be more motivated to

maintain their HIV-negative status if they learn they're negative. The decision to get

tested for HIV is one that must be made on an individual basis.

Antiretroviral therapy, or ART, is a treatment option for those with HIV who are

aware of their status and are willing to take it. Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention (2020) reported that after a cancer diagnosis, the sooner people begin ART

treatment, the better their outcomes. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) lowers the viral load

in the blood, reduces HIV-related disease, and aids in the prevention of transmission.

There is virtually minimal danger of transmitting HIV to HIV-negative sex partners if a

person with HIV is taking and maintaining an undetectable viral load (or is virally

suppressed). There is no HIV test that can detect the virus immediately after infection.

There are a variety of factors that influence how quickly a test can identify HIV,

including the type of test utilized. It's important to know that there are three forms of

HIV testing: NAT, antigen/antibody testing, and antibody testing.

As medically reviewed by Vinetz (2020), when a person is exposed to HIV for the

first time, flu-like symptoms may occur. At least two to four weeks after exposure,

these symptoms are most common. Seroconversion sickness is the medical term for

this. In the period of seroconversion, the body produces antibodies against HIV,

indicating that the individual's immune system is actively fighting the disease. As a

result, many people are unaware that they are infected with HIV at this stage. In fact, it

is believed that 1 in 7 people are unaware that they are infected with HIV, making

screening so critical. There is a possibility that the individual will experience flu-like

symptoms. Despite the fact that most people feel better at this point, the virus is still
present. The virus keeps reproducing, attacking new cells and weakening the immune

system in the body as a whole. The infection may potentially spread to other people.

Therefore, in the fight against HIV/AIDS, educating people about the disease is

one of the most effective ways to prevent and control it. The transmission of HIV is

increased by a lack of understanding and dangerous practices. Unplanned pregnancies

and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common among teens in many nations. In

many industrialized nations, early puberty and the commencement of sexual encounters

occurred at decreasing ages during the last century, notably during the last few

decades of that century, while the average age of marriage grew. STDs and HIV spread

more easily because many adolescents begin having sexual encounters with one or

more partners before they are married. In many nations, a large number of teenagers

begin sexual engagement by the age of 15, as stated by Alhasawi et al. (2019).

Andrews (2014) claimed that school-based sexual education programs have been

shown to decrease the number of partners, pregnancies, and STDs. As a result, lessons

should be offered to teach us how to avoid contracting these infections. Classes would

also save money in the long run by reducing the number of infections and thus lowering

medical costs. A lesson on HIV prevention can be taught to pupils by their teachers

during class time. Additionally, schools should provide opportunities for adolescents to

share their feelings with caring adults so that they have someone to confide in and talk

to about their choices. Adolescents are less likely to get into trouble if they have

someone to confide in. Students who have a strong sense of self-worth are less likely to

participate in risky conduct, which could reduce the number of HIV infections.
Synthesis

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is easily transmitted through sexual

contact, blood transfusion, or inheritance from an infected mother. This means that

basic physical contact, such as hand-to-hand contact or hugging an infected person,

cannot spread HIV or AIDS. Instead, it can be transferred through intimate physical

contact. Not all HIV patients develop AIDS. When an infected individual receives

antiretroviral therapy, HIV remains in their body but grows slowly, preventing immune

system destruction. HIV is not spread by casual touch. It is only spread by biological

fluids like blood, sperm, and breast milk. Not all HIV-positive people die; rather, they

live with the virus for a longer period of time.

The signs and symptoms of HIV infection vary depending on the stage. Despite

the knowledge that HIV patients are most contagious in the first few months following

infection, many remain unaware of their status. Symptoms of an influenza-like illness,

such as fever, headache, rash, or sore throat, may not appear for a few weeks after

infection. Understanding HIV prevention includes knowing that people can reduce their

risk of catching HIV by using condoms every time they have sexual contact and by only

having one sexual partner who is not infected.

HIV testing is required to prevent HIV transmission. The fact that many people

are unaware they have HIV makes them less likely to take prevention steps.

Antiretroviral therapy can help reduce the course of AIDS. The more they test, the more
devoted they are to a healthy lifestyle. If they realize they are HIV-negative, they may

be more inclined to stay that way. Individuals must decide whether or not to get tested

for HIV. A tiny blood sample is taken from an individual to identify whether or not they

have HIV. A blood test is the best way to confirm HIV infection since it can detect both

the presence of the virus and antibodies, making it the most accurate method.

Individuals who are more aware of safe HIV prevention techniques are more

cautious, which results in a reduction in the number of HIV infections. If someone is

living with HIV or caring for someone who has this disease, HIV/AIDS awareness

programs will help them become more aware of the many levels of care and treatment

available. One of the most successful methods of preventing and controlling the disease

is educating the public about it. The spread of HIV is facilitated by a lack of information

and the use of potentially risky activities.

 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology used in the study. It also describes the

target location for research as well as the respondents of the study. Data gathering

procedure is also stated in this chapter and how data are to be treated for data

analysis.

Research Design

The study is basically a descriptive research design. A descriptive research design

is usually used in order to identify, describe or even characterize a group of individuals

with a similar scenario or experience. As for the present study, the researcher aims to

determine and describe the socio-demographic profile of the HIV positive patients on

General Emilio Aguinaldo Medical Hospital from 2015 to 2019. The researcher used

quantitative method in order to fully describe the socio-demographic profile.

Research Locale

The study takes place in the General Emilio Aguinaldo Medical Hospital. With a

given population of HIV positive patients from 2015 up to 2019 thru the HACT, the

researcher aimed to identify each of their profiles.

Respondents of the Study

The researcher used total population sampling technique in order to identify how

many participants are needed for the study. Total population sampling lets a researcher
observe the whole population itself and use them as participants. This assures that the

data acquired from the data gathering is generally valid and reliable. The respondents

of the study are the total HIV positive patients from 2015 to 2019 based on the HACT.

Research Instrument

The study used survey questionnaires as research instruments. The survey

questionnaire is made by the researcher themselves. Based on the statement of the

problem, the first part of the survey questionnaire comprises of the socio-demographic

profile of the HIV positive patients. The second are the indicators that the HIV positive

patient were referred to surgical service for evaluation and possible surgery.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following are the procedures done by the researcher for data gathering:

1. Researcher seeks approval to conduct study from the dean and the hospital

head. The researcher assures permission before distribution of research

instrument.

2. Distribution of research instrument commences as approval from the dean and

hospital head are obtained. Proper distribution of survey questionnaires are

administered and are controlled effectively using serial codes in the survey

questionnaires.

3. All survey questionnaires are to be collected and are forwarded to statistician for

proper analysis and treatment.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following are the tools utilized by the statistician in the study:

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution Table – this table has been used in order

to fully illustrate and present the socio-demographic profile of the HIV patients in

General Emilio Aguinaldo Medical Hospital.

2. Mean Formula – this formula is used in order to evaluate the indications as

perceived by the respondents.

3. ANOVA Test – this test is utilized in order to evaluate the significant difference of

the socio-demographic profiles of the HIV positive patients.

Ethical Considerations

In the time-being of the study, the researcher assures that all information

gathered are valid and truthful. All references and supporting details are cited properly

for their contribution on the study. In the data gathering procedure, the researcher also

assures that the respondents are not harmed in the data gathering. Data accumulated

from the survey questionnaires are treated confidential and are bound to be not

revealed for the privacy of the respondents. No respondents are forced to partake in

the data gathering procedure.

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Number of Screened Patients in the Hospital for HIV

Year Total Screened Non-Related Filed Cases

2014 66 58 8

2015 164 134 30

2016 181 149 32

2017 255 216 39

2018 356 298 58

2019 688 604 84

2020 574 507 67

Total 2284 1966 318

Table 1 – Screened Patients for HIV

The Table 1 present the screened patients for HIV. A total of 2,284 patients were

screened from 2014 up to 2020. Based on the provided information, the year 2019 got

the greatest number of screened patients which reached 688 patients. The least

number of screened patients were in the year 2014 with 66 patients.

Out of the total screened patients for the past 7 years, non-related cases to HIV

were recorded to 1,966 patients. Based on that results, the highest non-related cases

recorded was in the year 2019 where the greatest number of screened patients were
taken. The least came from the same year were the least number of screened patients

were taken. In 2014, only 58 patients were classified as non-related patients.

On the other hand, the number of filed cases that can be possibly an HIV case is

about 318 patients. That is about 13.92% of the total screened patients in 7 years.

Based on the records, the greatest recorded assumed HIV case is 84 patients which

were screened in 2019. The least of the recorded cases were in the year 2014 were

only 8 patients were assumed to have HIV.

Based on the accumulated results, it is clear that each year, most of the patients

getting screened for HIV increased each year. In fact, the greatest number accumulated

is 688 patients. This is somehow show that the patients are aware of the dangers of

HIV which makes them approve for any screening to assure they are not infected with

the HIV.

Positive Cases of HIV from 2014 to 2020

Coverage Filed Cases Positive Cases Percentage

2014 - 2020 318 69 21.7%

Table 3 – Positive Cases of HIV from 2014 to 2020

The Table 3 presents the number of positive cases of HIV from 2014 to 2020.

From the filed cases of 318 patients, a total of 69 patients were confirmed positive. The

total confirmed cases were 21.7% of the total filed cases. The study clearly shows that

most of the positive HIV cases were identified from the filed cases immediately.
 From the the results, it is implied that most of the reported cases in hospitals

from 2014 to 2020 is 13.92% of the total screened patients. It is presented also that

86.08% were considered as non-HIV related cases. From the 13.92% of reported cases,

69 of it were positive. This is 3.02% of the total screened cases. As can be observed,

the HIV cases were mostly at 3%. This may be a smaller percentage but HIV cases are

mostly life threatening. Thus, it is really needed to be addressed immediately.

As the positive cases are identified, it is important to know how to handle this

situation. It is very important to know how to keep the patients think positively in order

to help them in fighting the effects of HIV in the body. It is even needed to help them

knowledgeable on the effects and treatment for HIV.

 Through regression line analysis, the researcher revealed that as the number of

individuals screened every year increases, there is 11% chances of increase in terms of

the number of filed cases which has to be positive. In the table below, the researcher

revealed that there is a significant relationship between the total screened per year as

to the number of cases as the significance level goes to 0.00136.

Regression Line y= 0.11x +9.69

R – score 0.97

P – value 0.00136
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings

The following summary of findings were gathered from the results. The results of

the study are as follows:

1. There are many numbers of screened patients from 2014 to 2020. A total of

2,284 patients were screened for HIV test. A total of 1966 patients were claimed

to be non-related. The remaining 318 patients were subjected and suspected for

having HIV.

2. From the recorded 318 patients suspected for HIV, only 21.7% is confirmed

positive. About 69 patients were confirmed to have HIV cases from 2014 to

2020. This just a small portion of the total screened patients in the hospital.

3. From the results, the researcher has determined that the 69 patients that are

confirmed to have positive is 3% of the total screened patients. This may be

small in percentage and in number but it is still needed to be addressed for HIV

cases are mostly life-threatening.

4. Hence, there is a positive result that as the number of screened individual per

year , there is an eleven percent of chance that the number of positive cases on

HIV will occur.

Conclusion
 The researcher concludes that the number of positive HIV cases is not that

plenty. But despite the number being to low, the need to address the issues and take

care of the patients with the infection is a must. There is a need to help the patients in

order to prevent and minimize the effects of HIV.

It is even important to help the HIV positive patients to be informed and

correctly taught of the facts and fallacies about their situation. They must be taught on

the things that they need to know and learn. They are also needed to be informed on

how to treat their illness in order to prolong their life. From this, it is important to keep

them updated and informed on the latest facts regarding HIV.

Recommendations

The following are the recommendations of the researcher based on the following

conclusions:

1. Healthcare workers must be taught on information about HIV. In this way, false

information and inaccurate knowledge on transmission of the disease is

prevented.

2. The patients must be taught of how they can control the HIV in order to prevent

it from affecting their lifestyle. It can also help them from getting other diseases

due to severe drop of immune system.

3. Further research must be done in order to clearly identify and know more about

HIV.
References:

Alhasawi, A. et al. (2019). Assessing HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes

among Senior High School Students in Kuwait. Retrieved from:

https://doi.org/10.1159/000500307

Andrews, J. (2014). HIV Education is Necessary. Retrieved from:

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