NAME: AYU NINGRUM

NIM : 20.72.022997             

Sari, Kartika, Novianti

HEALTH ARTICLES ABOUT HIV / AIDS

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE

The aim of this survey research was to explain the effect of health on the level of
knowledge and attitudes of adolescents in HIV prevention efforts. Describe the attitude of
adolescents before and after being informed about HIV transmission and the dangers of HIV
disease.

RESEACH METHODS
 
HIV-AIDS is an infectious disease caused by infection with the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV can be transmitted through sex, blood transfusions, sharing
needles and mother-to-baby (perinatal) transmission. The risk factor for heterosexuality was
the highest, at 82.8%, followed by homosexuals at 7.4% and perinatal at 4.0%
 
 
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
 

Number of people living with HIV in 2006 Total 39.5 million (34.1–47.1 million)
Adults 37.2 million (32.1–44.5 million) Women 17.7 million (15.1–20 , 9 million) Children
under 15 years 2.3 million (1.7–3.5 million) People newly infected with HIV in 2006 Total 4.3
million (3.6–6.6 million) Adults 3.8 million (3.2 to 5.7 million) children in
the under 15 year 530 000 (410
000-660 000) Deaths due to AIDS in 2006 Total 2.9 million (2.5–3.5 million) Adults 2.6
million (2.2-3.0 million) Children under 15 years 380 000 (290 000-500 000) (World Health
Organization- HIV Department, 2016).
IMPLICATIONS
 
A person's HIV-positive status can only be proven by a voluntary blood test conducted
by VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing). The community can only find out if PLWHA
discloses their HIV positive status to the counselor with confidentiality. VCT is a major
component in HIV / AIDS prevention programs, now VCT is not yet a good strategy in
developing countries, including Indonesia in particular. Voluntary enthusiasm has become a
 determinant of the current low VCT visits, and the diversity of results for diagnosing HIV-
AIDS infected is still "taboo" and public disgrace is also a contributing factor (Sasono, 2017).
 
INTRODUCTION
CONTEXT
HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. As a member of a group
of viruses called retroviruses, HIV infects human cells and uses the energy and nutrients
provided by these cells to grow and reproduce. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
is a disease in which the body's immune system is damaged and unable to fight certain
infections, known as "opportunistic infections", and other diseases that take advantage of a
weakened immune system. When a person is infected with HIV, the virus enters the body and
lives and multiplies, especially in white blood cells. These are the immune cells that normally
protect us from disease.                           
ISSUE
The hallmark of HIV infection is the gradual loss of displaying more content. Most of them do
not know that they are carrying HIV and possibly transmitting the virus to other people. Here
in the US, nearly one million people are infected with HIV or AIDS, or roughly one in every
250 people. At least 40,000 Americans become newly infected with HIV each year, and it is
estimated that half of all people with HIV in the US have not been tested and do not know they
carry the virus.                                                                                   
GAP
Frailty is a known risk factor for those aged 65 years and over, and its prevalence
increases with age. The definition of weakness varies widely, and estimates of prevalence are
influenced by the way weakness is defined (International HIV / AIDS Alliance, 2012).
short. Combined with screening, vaccination of sex workers and patients seeking treatment it is
more efficient (Canadian, 1996).
 
RESEACH GOALS
In South Africa there are still many people who are not aware of HIV / AIDS. Therefore
ethnographic investigations are needed in understanding the public response to this epidemic, to
show that the subtleties of verbal silence and elicitation should not be interpreted naively as
collective "rejection" but based more on existing response patterns to dangerous diseases ( HIV
and LONG, 2012).
RESEACH QUESTIONS
1. Can someone with HIV continue to have sex?      
2. When should people living with HIV receive
treatment?      
3. What is HIV treatment like?      
4. How to protect yourself from others?      
5. Are people living with HIV prone to
complications?      
LITERATURE REVIEW
 
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
HIV Disparities 21 November 2017 Page 4End +
disparities The ECHO Collaborative aims to empower
HIV providers across the United States to implement
local remedial efforts, impacting the care provided to
the under-served subpopulation by reducing HIV-
related disparities and providing equal care for
PLHIV. The Center's new initiative is actively
promoting the implementation of interventions to
increase virulence levels of emphasis for the following
four subpopulations: • MSM Color • African American
and Latin women •
 
EMPIRICAL REVIEW
Adolescents (ages 13 to 24 years) • Transgender
people1) MSM Color Gay, bisexual men, and other
men who have sex with men (MSM) of all races and
ethnicities are disproportionately affected by HIV in
the United States. 19 MSM represent about 2% of the
US population, yet they accounted for 70% of all new
HIV infections in 2014. In 2014, there were an
estimated 511,290 living MSM with diagnosed HIV
infection; of these, 156,389 were black, 210,659 were
white, and 110,158 were Latinos. 20 In previous
publications, the estimated rate of HIV infection
among MSM was roughly 46 times that of all other
men. 2119 CDC. HIV / AIDS: HIV among gay and
bisexual men. Updated Sep 27 2017. Available from
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/msm/20
CDC. Diagnosing HIV infection among adults and
adolescents in metropolitan statistical areas - United
States and Puerto Rico, 2015. HIV Surveillance
Supplemental Report 2017; 22 (1): 1-88. Accessed
2017 Nov 7.21 Johnson USA, Beer L, Sionean C, Hu
X, Furlow-Parmley C, Le B, et al. CDC health gap and
inequality report: HIV Infection - United, 2008 and
2010. MMWR. 2013; 62 (3); 112-119.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RESEACH METHODS
 
RESEACH DISIGN
Nine different data collection methods can be used in
sub-Saharan Africa are identified here. Perhaps the
most widely used method involves an antenatal
sentinelclinic surveillance system where pregnant
women go for their routine prenatal care and to seek
advice from medical personnel. The woman's blood
was screened and tested for HIV status.
PARTICIPATION
This method targets the right of pregnant women who
have recently included the most sexually active in
danhasilnya population can be used to infer the status
of sexual partners and infants of these women.
RESEACH INSTRUMENTS
The estimates of HIV prevalence obtained from the
data of this method are likely to be higher than
the population estimates . Second, population-based
serosurveyies were carried out with representative
samples in several places where African countries
determined the HIV status of the population. While
these surveys are representative of the population and
the estimates obtained reflect the situation in the
country, the methodologies are friendly to researchers.
In addition, multiround and longitudinal surveys have
been used to collect data on trends and the impact of
disease from communities. This type of survey
produces high quality but expensive data and causes
survey fatigue among respondents and interviewers.
ANALYSIS DATA
Single-cycle surveys in Africa, such as the
Demographic and Health Survey have asked questions
about knowledge and attitudes towards HIV /
AIDS. Responses to these questions have been used to
study disease awareness and change in attitudes
towards illness. Surveys of this nature, if not paid for
 by the researcher, are an inexpensive source of
secondary data. However, researchers may not be able
to determine what questions to ask. Likewise,
population and housing censuses have included
questions on mortality, orphans and widows which
have been used to estimate HIV / AIDS mortality in
different age groups of populations. Although this is a
cheaper way of collecting data because someone else is
paying (government or / and UNFPA ), researchers
have to wait a long time .             
 
RESULTS
 
PRESENTATION DATA
of the 25 HIV / AIDS intervention studies identified in
China.
 
READING DATA

two studies), Hainan, Xinjiang, Beijing, Fujian,

Henan, and Hubei (one study each).  All of these
studies were published between 2001 and 2008, with
most published in 2007 and beyond. Most of the
studies were conducted in areas with high HIV
prevalence such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan
(four studies each), Yunnan, Anhui, and Shanghai
(three studies each). Other areas include Jiangsu (two
studies each), Hainan, Xinjiang, Bei jing, Fujian,
Henan, and Hubei ' one study each '.

DISCUSSION

MA  JOR RESULT

To help reduce the spread of the HIV epidemic

including related problems such as stigma,
discrimination, treatment and prevention, multi
stakeholder involvement is highly expected. Therefore,
CCPHI together with companies, donor agencies,
government, media and NGOs feel it is important to
build a community and network of observers, actors
and practitioners of HIV and AIDS issues in Indonesia
 by holding a series of meetings called the HIV and
AIDS Discussion.

GIVING NEW INSIGHTS

To help reduce the spread of the HIV epidemic

including related problems such as stigma,
discrimination, treatment and prevention, multi
stakeholder involvement is highly expected. Therefore,
CCPHI together with companies, donor agencies,
government, media and NGOs feel it is important to
build a community and network of observers, actors
and practitioners of HIV and AIDS issues in Indonesia
by holding a series of meetings called the HIV and
AIDS Discussion. The purpose of this discussion is to
exchange and share information regarding activities
that have been, are being and will be carried out as a
means of mutually enriching networking between
parties.

CONCLUSION

The HIV virus is a virus that attacks the human

immune system, causing various other diseases to
come as a result of the immune system that is dead due
to HIV, and it is the complications of these diseases
that cause death to sufferers.

REFERENCES
Canadian, H. (1996) 'HIV / AIDS in prisons: final
report', Vaccine  . doi: 10.1016 / j.vaccine.2007.08.047.
Dwi, A. and Tri, E. (2018) 'Correlation Analysis Of HIV Stadium With Opportunistic
Infection In Pregnant Women At Ibnu Sina General Hospital Gresik', A person's HIV-positive
status can only be proven by a voluntary blood test conducted by VCT (Voluntary Counseling
and Testing). Communities can only know if PLWHA discloses HIV positive status to
counselor with confidentiality. VCT is a major component i , 3 (2), pp. 76–83.
HIV, C. and LONG, H. (2012) 'AIDS', Medical Care . doi: 10.1215 / 01642472-2009-005.
HIV InSite (2011) How do you get (and avoid getting) HIV? , HIV InSite .
International HIV / AIDS Alliance (2012) Who are vulnerable and most-at-risk
populations? , What is Preventing Prevention?
Mayta Sari Dwianggimawati, Amarin Yudhana, SS (2017) 'The Relationship Service Quality
To The Satisfaction Of “Mandiri Inhealth” Health Insurance Users Visited To Kediri Service
Office Mayta Sari Dwianggimawati, Amarin Yudhana, Sandu Siyoto STIKes Surya MItra
Husada Kediri', The Relationship Service Quality To The Satisfaction Of “Mandiri Inhealth”
Health Insurance Users Visited To Kediri Service Office Mayta Sari Dwianggimawati,
Amarin Yudhana, Sandu Siyoto STIKes Surya MItra Husada Kediri , 2 (2), pp. 114–120.
Nugraheni, R. and Kirana, GR (2018) 'The Analysis Quality of Service and Patient
Satisfaction Participants of Health BPJS in Interior Services in Hospital X of Kediri City', 3
(1), pp. 9–17.
Sasono, TN (2017) 'The Difference Of The Results Of Tests To Diagnose VCT Counselor ln
The Examination Of HIV In Public Health Office Turen', The Difference Of The Results Of
Tests To Diagnose VCT Counselor ln The Examination Of HIV In Public Health Office
Turen  , 2 (2).
Tule, AR et al. (2018) 'The Analysis Factors Affecting Interest In Medication Of Receipt
Help Aid Bpjs Participant In Balowerti Public Health Center Kediri City', The Analysis
Factors Affecting Interest In Medication Of Receipt Help Aid Bpjs Participant In Balowerti
Public Health Center Kediri City , 3 (1 ), pp. 68–75.
World Health Organization- HIV Department (2016) 'Global summary of the HIV /
AIDS epidemic', June , p. 1. doi: http://www.who.int/hiv/data/epi_core_2016.png?
ua=1.