Trans Jour
Trans Jour
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B. Final Stage Color figures should be prepared with 400 dpi resolution
When you submit your final version, after your paper has and saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel (palette or
been accepted, print it in two-column format, including 256 color). To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one column width) at
figures and tables. Send three prints of the paper; two will go 400 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of 1380
to IEEE and one will be retained by the Editor-in-Chief or pixels.
conference publications chair. For more information on TIFF files, please go to
You must also send your final manuscript on a disk, which http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/informat
IEEE will use to prepare your paper for publication. Write ion.htm and click on the link “Guidelines for Author
the authors’ names on the disk label. If you are using a Supplied Electronic Text and Graphics.”
Macintosh, please save your file on a PC formatted disk, if 3) Somewhat Harder Way: If you do not have a scanner,
possible. You may use Zip or CD-ROM disks for large files, you may create noncolor PostScript figures by “printing”
or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip. them to files. First, download a PostScript printer driver from
Also send a sheet of paper with complete contact http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm (for
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, Windows) or from
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/ pdrvmac.htm (for
information will be used to send each author a Macintosh) and install the “Generic PostScript Printer”
complimentary copy of the journal in which the paper definition. In Word, paste your figure into a new document.
appears. In addition, designate one author as the Print to a file using the PostScript printer driver. File names
“corresponding author.” This is the author to whom proofs of should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Adobe Type 1 fonts
the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the corresponding when creating your figures, if possible.
author only. 4) Other Ways: Experienced computer users can convert
figures and tables from their original format to TIFF. Some
C. Figures useful image converters are Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw,
All tables and figures will be processed as images. and Microsoft Photo Editor, an application that is part of
However, IEEE cannot extract the tables and figures Microsoft Office 97 and Office 2000 (look for C:\Program
embedded in your document. (The figures and tables you Files\Common Files \Microsoft Shared\ PhotoEd\
insert in your document are only to help you gauge the size PHOTOED.EXE. (You may have to custom-install Photo
of your paper, for the convenience of the referees, and to Editor from your original Office disk.)
make it easy for you to distribute preprints.) Therefore, Here is a way to make TIFF image files of tables. First,
submit, on separate sheets of paper, enlarged versions of create your table in Word. Use horizontal lines but no vertical
the tables and figures that appear in your document. lines. Hide gridlines (Table | Hide Gridlines). Spell check the
These are the images IEEE will scan and publish with your table to remove any red underlines that indicate spelling
paper. errors. Adjust magnification (View | Zoom) such that you can
view the entire table at maximum area when you select View
D. Electronic Image Files (Optional)
| Full Screen. Move the cursor so that it is out of the way.
You will have the greatest control over the appearance of Press “Print Screen” on your keyboard; this copies the screen
your figures if you are able to prepare electronic image files. image to the Windows clipboard. Open Microsoft Photo
If you do not have the required computer skills, just submit Editor and click Edit | Paste as New Image. Crop the table
paper prints as described above and skip this section. image (click Select button; select the part you want, then
1) Easiest Way: If you have a scanner, the best and Image | Crop). Adjust the properties of the image (File |
quickest way to prepare noncolor figure files is to print your Properties) to monochrome (1 bit) and 600 pixels per inch.
tables and figures on paper exactly as you want them to Resize the image (Image | Resize) to a width of 3.45 inches.
appear, scan them, and then save them to a file in PostScript Save the file (File | Save As) in TIFF with no compression
(PS) or Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) formats. Use a (click “More” button).
separate file for each image. File names should be of the Most graphing programs allow you to save graphs in TIFF;
form “fig1.ps” or “fig2.eps.” however, you often have no control over compression or
2) Slightly Harder Way: Using a scanner as above, save number of bits per pixel. You should open these image files
the images in TIFF format. High-contrast line figures and in a program such as Microsoft Photo Editor and re-save
tables should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved them using no compression, either 1 or 8 bits, and either 600
with no compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file or 220 dpi resolution (File | Properties; Image | Resize). See
names of the form “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.” To obtain a 3.45- Section II-D2 for an explanation of number of bits and
in figure (one-column width) at 600 dpi, the figure requires a resolution. If your graphing program cannot export to TIFF,
horizontal size of 2070 pixels. Typical file sizes will be on you can use the same technique described for tables in the
the order of 0.5 MB. previous paragraph.
Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared with A way to convert a figure from Windows Metafile (WMF)
220 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per to TIFF is to paste it into Microsoft PowerPoint, save it in
pixel (grayscale). To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one-column JPG format, open it with Microsoft Photo Editor or similar
width) at 220 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of converter, and re-save it as TIFF.
759 pixels. Microsoft Excel allows you to save spreadsheet charts in
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TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Conversion from Gaussian and
Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
Φ magnetic flux 1 Mx → 10−8 Wb = 10−8 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G → 10−4 T = 10−4 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe → 103/(4π) A/m
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
→ 10−3 A·m2 = 10−3 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
→ 103 A/m
4πM magnetization 1 G → 103/(4π) A/m
σ specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g → 1 A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment → 4π × 10−10 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
→ 4π × 10−4 T
χ, κ susceptibility 1 → 4π
χρ mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g → 4π × 10−3 m3/kg
µ permeability 1 → 4π × 10−7 H/m
= 4π × 10−7 Wb/(A·m)
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is µr relative permeability µ → µr
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3 → 10−1 J/m3
spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the N, D demagnetizing factor 1 → 1/(4π)
caption.
No vertical lines in table. Statements that serve as captions for the entire
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF). To get good resolution, table do not need footnote letters.
make the Excel charts very large. Then use the “Save as
a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T =
tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
HTML” feature (see http://support.microsoft.com/support/
kb/articles/q158/0/79.asp). You can then convert from GIF to
TIFF using Microsoft Photo Editor, for example.
No matter how you convert your images, it is a good idea
to print the TIFF files to make sure nothing was lost in the oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do
conversion. not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units,
If you modify this document for use with other IEEE clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.
journals or conferences, you should save it as type “Word 97- The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However,
2000 & 6.0/95 - RTF (*.doc)” so that it can be opened by any if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux
version of Word. density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use
E. Copyright Form the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m 2.”
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at
V. HELPFUL HINTS
http://www.ieee.org/copyright or from the first issues in each
volume of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS. Authors A. Figures and Tables
are responsible for obtaining any security clearances.
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions,
III. MATH
and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention
text” should not be selected. in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as
part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes”
linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the
IV. UNITS outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.”
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as Tables are numbered with Roman numerals.
secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100 Gb/in2).” authors (approximately $1300, depending on the number of
An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in figures and number of pages containing color). Include a note
trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and with your final paper indicating that you request color
CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in printing. Do not use color unless it is necessary for the
proper interpretation of your figures. If you want reprints
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 4
of your color article, the reprint order should be submitted unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
promptly. There is an additional charge of $81 per 100 for
D. Equations
color reprints.
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use
“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or equation number in parentheses. To make your equations
⋅
“Magnetization (A m−1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write
ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
are part of a sentence, as in
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do r2
not write “Magnetization (A/m) × 1000” because the reader ∫ 0
F ( r , ϕ) dr dϕ =[σ r2 / ( 2 µ0 )]
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant ∞
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, ⋅∫ exp ( −λ | z j − zi | ) λ−1 J 1 ( λ r2 ) J 0 ( λ ri ) dλ .
0
approximately 8 to 12 point type.
(1)
B. References
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been
sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple defined before the equation appears or immediately
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature,
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence:
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “Equation (1) is ... .”
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: E. Other Recommendations
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Unfortunately the IEEE document
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
translator cannot handle automatic endnotes in Word;
complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.”
therefore, type the reference list at the end of the paper using
Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential
the “References” style.
was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or
Footnote). 1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
“Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see
“cm 3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm ×
Table I).
0.2 cm,” not “0.1 × 0.2 cm 2.” The abbreviation for “seconds”
Please note that the references at the end of this document
is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’
abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m 2” or “webers per square
names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or
meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range of values,
more. Use a space after authors' initials. Papers that have not
write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
that have been submitted for publication should be cited as
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
“submitted for publication” [5]. Papers that have been
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an issue
In American English, periods and commas are within
should be cited as “to be published” [6]. Please give
quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
affiliations and addresses for private communications [7].
“outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for
instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in
C” instead of “A, B and C.”
translation journals, please give the English citation first,
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8].
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do proofread your paper.
not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate
periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N.
R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter
footnote information into the text.
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