Department of Education: Republic of The Philippines

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Science 10 Quarter 3 Week 4.2
Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _____________
Section: __________________________________________ Score: ____________
I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
Building a house usually requires a blueprint, or a plan of the structure of the house to
determine how it would look like after construction. Organisms have blueprints which contain
information that will determine their physical and chemical characteristics. This blueprint is
DNA.
Are you already familiar with the different processes in the DNA? Discover more about
DNA and accomplish the following tasks.
II. LEARNING SKILLS
MELC: Explain how protein is made using information from DNA. (S10LTIIId-37)
Objectives:
1. Identify the role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis
2. Describe DNA replication
3. Relate DNA replication to its complementary structure
4. Describe transcription and translation
III. ACTIVITIES
A. Activity 1A. Using the diagram/representation below, compare their role to DNA and
RNA in protein synthesis. Write your answer in the space provided. Choose your
answers from the box below.
Engineers give instructions on how The workers follow directions to

to make cars build cars
DNA rRNA
_____________________________ _____________________________
________ _____
The Head worker relays the Suppliers bring parts to the factory so
information to the workers they can be installed in the car
mRNA tRNA
_______________________________ ______________________________
______ _______
✓ Hold tightly into the mRNA using its information to assemble the amino acids in correct order
✓ Brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the protein manufacturing area, the
cytoplasm
✓ Provide instruction/information on how protein should be assembled
✓ Supplies amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled
Activity 1B. Arrange the following events in DNA Replication.
The bases attached to each strand then pair up with the free nucleotides found in
the cytoplasm.
An enzyme called helicase breaks the bond between nitrogenous bases.
The two strands of DNA split.
The new DNA molecules, each with a parent strand and each with a new strand are
formed.
The complementary nucleotide is added to each strand by DNA polymerase to form
new strands.
Activity 1C. Determine the sequence of bases in the new DNA strand below after the two
strands split through the aid of an enzyme called helicase. Draw the new pair/sequence beside
each strand using the legend below.
H 1ST STRAND 2ND STRAND
LEGEND
Activity 1D. Determine the order of bases in the mRNA (codon) and tRNA (anticodon)
considering the complementary base pairs in DNA (Adenine-Thymine and Cytosine-
Guanine) and RNA (Adenine-Uracil and Cytosine-Guanine). Then, identify the amino
acid.
DNA
A A T G C T C A A T G A T C A G T C
mRNA
CG GC A A
T T G
C U
A
tRNA G C U U C A
To identify the amino acid, look at the bases in the mRNA codon using the Genetic
Code Table. Look for the first letter of mRNA codon on the left side of the genetic code table,
the second letter of the mRNA on the second letter column, and the third letter on the right
side column.
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______

Amino acid
_______ Arginine
B. Analysis
Answer the following:

1. Based on Activity 1A, Match the following to their roles in column B. Write only
the letter of your answer.
A B
_____1. mRNA A. Supplies amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled
_____2. DNA B. Provide instruction/information on how protein should be
assembled
_____3. tRNA C. Brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the
protein manufacturing area, the cytoplasm
_____4. rRNA D. Hold tightly into the mRNA using its information to assemble
the amino acids in correct order
2. Based on Activity 1B to 1D, complete the following statements by filling in the blanks
with the correct terms.
a. An enzyme called ___________ breaks the bond between nitrogenous bases.
b. The complementary nucleotide are added to each DNA ______________ to
form new strands.
c. In DNA, adenine pairs up with __________ while cytosine pairs up with
__________.
d. In RNA, adenine pairs up with _____________.
e. Using the Genetic Code, UCA: _____________ while ____: Methionine
C. Abstraction
✓ A DNA is a double helix molecule composed of complementary strands of

deoxyribonucleotides units. The complementary base pairs of the DNA are held by
hydrogen bonds.
✓ RNA is single stranded.
✓ Examples of RNA types include: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA.
✓ In DNA, adenine always bonds with thymine, and cytosine bonds with guanine. In RNA,
adenine bonds with uracil, and cytosine bonds with guanine.
✓ DNA is made up of sugars, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases and its shape is a
double helix. The complementary structure the two strands of DNA allow each strand to
serve as a template during replication.
✓ The specificity of base pairing in DNA, adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine,
allows DNA to replicate itself with accuracy.
✓ The sequence of nucleotides in DNA directs the order of nucleotides in messenger RNA
in a process called transcription.
✓ There are three major types of RNA that help build proteins: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
✓ The mRNA carries the information in DNA to the ribosomes found in the cytoplasm.
✓ The process of converting the information in messenger RNA into sequence of amino
acids that make a protein is known as translation
✓ The role of transfer RNA is to bring the amino acids in the cytoplasm to the ribosomes to
make proteins.
Source: Acosta, Herma D.,et.al (2015). Heredity:Inheritance and Variation.

Science Learner's Material 10 (pp. 267-281). Rex Bookstore.
D.Application
Answer the following questions:
1. Why is specific base pairing essential to the processes of transcription and

translation? ____________________________________________________
2. How does structure of a DNA molecule help account for the great variety of life
that exists on earth? _____________________________________________
IV. Reflection
I have learned that
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
I wish to ask my teacher about

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
V. REFERENCE
• Acosta, Herma D.,et.al (2015). Heredity:Inheritance and Variation. Science

Learner's Material 10 (pp. 267-281). Rex Bookstore.

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What are the roles of DNA, RNA, and proteins in protein synthesis?

Describe the process of DNA replication.

Republic of the Philippines

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

II. LEARNING SKILLS

Engineers give instructions on how The workers follow directions to

___ _ _ _ _____

Answer the following:

✓ A DNA is a double helix molecule composed of complementary strands of

Source: Acosta, Herma D.,et.al (2015). Heredity:Inheritance and Variation.

1. Why is specific base pairing essential to the processes of transcription and

I wish to ask my teacher about

• Acosta, Herma D.,et.al (2015). Heredity:Inheritance and Variation. Science

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