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    Wargames Illustrated #073

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    Анатолий Золотухин
    This document provides information about new miniature figure releases from two manufacturers, Old Glory and SHQ Miniatures. For Old Glory, it lists new packs of 15mm and 20mm scale Napoleonic, American Civil War, and World War 2 British infantry figures. For SHQ Miniatures, it announces a new 20mm Vietnam War range including figures from the US, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and Australia. It provides order and payment details.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Wargames Illustrated #073

    Uploaded by

    Анатолий Золотухин
    218 views60 pages
    This document provides information about new miniature figure releases from two manufacturers, Old Glory and SHQ Miniatures. For Old Glory, it lists new packs of 15mm and 20mm scale Napoleonic, American Civil War, and World War 2 British infantry figures. For SHQ Miniatures, it announces a new 20mm Vietnam War range including figures from the US, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and Australia. It provides order and payment details.

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    Wargame magazine

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    This document provides information about new miniature figure releases from two manufacturers, Old Glory and SHQ Miniatures. For Old Glory, it lists new packs of 15mm and 20mm scale Napoleonic, American Civil War, and World War 2 British infantry figures. For SHQ Miniatures, it announces a new 20mm Vietnam War range including figures from the US, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and Australia. It provides order and payment details.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    218 views60 pages

    Wargames Illustrated #073

    Uploaded by

    Анатолий Золотухин
    This document provides information about new miniature figure releases from two manufacturers, Old Glory and SHQ Miniatures. For Old Glory, it lists new packs of 15mm and 20mm scale Napoleonic, American Civil War, and World War 2 British infantry figures. For SHQ Miniatures, it announces a new 20mm Vietnam War range including figures from the US, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and Australia. It provides order and payment details.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 60
    At a glance
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    The document provides information on new releases and ranges of miniatures from different manufacturers in various historical periods and scales.

    Miniatures featured include Jacobite, American Civil War, Napoleonic, and World War 2 British ranges in 15mm and 20mm scales from manufacturers Old Glory and Combat Miniatures.

    Historical periods and ranges covered include Jacobite Rising, American Civil War, Napoleonic, World War 2 British, and Vietnam War ranges. Manufacturers produce miniatures for various historical periods including Age of Reason, Seven Years War, and Indian Mutiny.

    Price

    ISSN 055?-Lqqq

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    Full lists S.A.E. PLUS 500.

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    When replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustrated.
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    When replying to adverts please mention Warganes lllustrat€d.


    l4

    THESEVENYEARSWAR,
    WRGSTYIE
    By PaulStevenson
    rcflected in American rule sets, such as Fire & Fr.ry, and this
    thinking has also been espousedby the WargamesResearch
    As I commentedin an ea if,r rcviev h WargamesIllustateel of Group in their rccent ancieotrules (DBM).
    the recent WRG Lists for the SevenYears War to accompany To someextent. the WRG 168S-1845Rul€swereforerunDers
    their Rules 164S-1845, the amendments and suggestions in presentingelementsasa basisfor wargaming.However, you
    containedthorein do go a long way to improving the gameand still had to faff about with individual gunnels stood on atr
    gearingit mor€towardsthe SevenYearsWar period. Thereare, artillery base (which failed to acknowledge that nearly
    or have been, one or two setsof rcasonableS€venYearsWar everybodygues them on anyway) and singlefrgurc elements,
    rules,mostnotably (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((ont8
    keig andperhapsABeol Rearon,bt suchas the odd skirmisheror irregular. The basisof the game
    for me the WRG rules rcmain a firm favoudte. howeveris set out at divisional level and is not realy meantfor
    larger actions for the reasonsI give below. However, with
    15mmon 25mmbasesizes,larger numbersbecomea reality and
    TIIE CASEFORLARGERUMTS havepa(icular practicalbenefitsaswell asthe aestheticones,as
    Most rules write6 go in for a 50 men to one figur€ ratio these I intendto describe.
    da's andwhilst perhapsapFopriale for Napoleonics,I'm not so
    surethis is a goodidea for the SevenYearsWar era. Smallunits
    do not create the samelinear effect as a line of many models; BIGGERIS BETTER?
    they look too quaint and are far easierto manoeuvrethan they I, and againmanyother 15mmplayers,tend to spendabout the
    shouldbe. sameamounton a 15mmarmy aslle would on a 25mmamy. As
    Sure you can field more units if they are smaller, but unless such we set out to play bigger gamesbecausewe have morc
    you mate a major thing of the period, there is always a figures. But do we gain much hom this? AJter many yeals of
    considerableshortfall betweenwhat canbe attainedon the table battling with 1665-1845rules, I would sugg€stthat perhapswe
    in tems of numbers and the actual numbersinvolved in real do not. In facrit is possibleto get more out of a 1600point game
    battles. Either way the gameis only a cameoof the real thing. than with armiestwo or three tines bigger. The net effect of a
    The important thing is representinga balanceof ams and unit biggerarmy is to duplicatemore of what you hav€alreadygot in
    typesthat reflect the actualhistorical organisation,and gaining a balanced1600point army. Big gamesare rarely attempted
    a 'feel' for the period through the look of the modelfiguresand an).ray, sincethey require too much time in settingup, playing
    terraln. and putling away. In the cou6e of play the mechanicsare
    The 14-16frgureunits deployedin wRG on a l:50 basiswork repeated to the point of mind numbing dullnessadd the end
    okay for 25mm. The basesare a little restrictive for modem gameprovesfrustratinglyelusive,
    tastes perhaps, but given the cost of 25s these sort of unit Multi-player games do not work well either, du€ to the
    numben are quite acceptable and - more to the point - inter-phasedaltemative gamesequence,Someplayers can be
    a$ainablefor most pockets. heavilyinvolved whilst otheN are sitting waiting about for their
    The sheersize of the basesmake the gamemanageableand teammatesto finish a particular sequence.This waiting aboutis
    not too cluttered. However. with 15mmwhere25mmbasesizes tunher aggnvatedwhenit is an opposingside'stum. In a single
    must be halved, therc are some major problems io terms of head-to-headconjrontation at leastthe non-phasingplayer has
    accommodatingfigures on the prescribedbasesizes.I for one, his mind occupiedthinking about what he might do next tum.
    aod I know a lot of other playe^ in this period do aswell, game Thus the decision-rnfing processtums over far more rapidly
    with rrei Korps l5 figurcs and it is simply not possibleto make towards an outcome and thereforc a more satisfactorygame
    four of their figures stand side-by-side on a base of the
    recommended30mmftontage without increasingthe depth of Playerswho are prepared to give a lot of intensive time to
    basefrom 10 to at least 15mmto allow someoverlap of bases. sucha grandgameare socompl€telyknackeredat the end of it -
    Th€ situation for adlery is €venworse. Anillery basesiz€slor both physically and m€ntally - that they wonder if they are
    f5mln are given as 20mm- this is the axle spanof most 15mm playersin a fun hobbyo. participantsin a Japanesegameshowl
    gunswhich meansthere is no room at all for the guncrewon the
    base!Evenif you increasethe basedimensionsa little the whole
    eff€ct looks cluttered and messy.
    150N 25
    A recenttendencyin wargamesis for more spaciousbasesso No, lets face it, WRG 1685-1845rules were not meantto cope
    that the visual aspectof the gamecan be improved. Figues in with suchlarge forces.If lots of frguresare what you crave,or if
    units canbeslightly staggeredand tbe baseslend themselvesto 15mmis your prefered scale, then I would suggesiusing the
    terraining, which creates a more realistic and far more 25mmgroundscaleand the 25mmbasesizesandmountingyour
    aethesticallypleasingeffect than the meanerstripsof cardboard 15saccordingly.
    wehaveseenin the past.The useof elementseradicatesmanyof Two 15mm figures replace one 25mm 6gure at the recom-
    the niggly and time-consumingaspectsof wargaming,such as mended wRG basesizes.There are severaladvantageshere.
    tuming a figure to a flank, working out percentagecasualties First of all the bases,which for 25mm are still rather tight, are
    and so on. Also theselarge elementsare far easierand pleasing perfectfor the larger l5s we havenow. The largerbasesnot only
    to handleon the table; easierto set up and put away too. enhancethe appearanceof a well painted figure but actually
    Because of this basing method there is a treod towards protect it better - for example there are no overhanging
    multi-figure basesor elements and towards deploying larger bayonetsor horse tails to break-off, Larger units meana more
    numbersof figureswith more simplified rulesmad€possibleby realistic looking ratio of figures to guns. This is a major
    thismethod. considerationin the SevenYea.s War period. Each battalion
    This Dhenomena perhapsfinds ils roots in the lale Peler had one or two gunsattachedand this cannotbe ignored if we
    Glder; crand Ma;ner ipproachto wargaming.but is often are serious about reproducing the tactics of the p€riod. For
    15
    examplewith 14, 25mm figutes you may need to provide one
    battalion gun andthree crew, but in lsmm this canbe 28 figur€s p.ng|ix\ @tmpu;t
    er @argamea
    and a battalion gun. Thus the battalion gun plays a less
    prominentpart in the game- asit should.when using15mmon "For anyonewishing to co[ibine the nufiiber
    25mm ground scalesyou are getting a similar gameto that in crunchingbook-keeping powe! of the computer
    actual25mm. The nles move quickly along. lvhen you move with the aestheticappea.lof model soldiels thete
    you feel that you have made someprcgressin 25mm$ale. At are a number of battle managemenfsystemson the
    15mmwith infantry lines moving 50mmper tum, this becomes rnarket.The best that I've seenis the Napoleonic
    mther t€dious. Worce still with some movesyou have to split
    'Hard Poundingiftom EnglishComputer
    millimetres, for examplean infanfy final chargein l5mm scale Wargames,who also ploduce an lSth Century
    is 12rrmm - now who's going to measurethat finitely. Finally proglam."
    the cost. lf you wish to have an element of four 25mm figures FC Review Aug!3t '93
    this is goingto setyou backtwo poundsper element(unpainted)
    but with the eight 15nn Egures required to fill the same Porthe WaJgEme!who wantsthe best:
    element'sbasethis is going to cost you 11.20(unpainted). This 'HardPounding'
    is the systemof mounting I haveusedfor my orm Prussianand
    Austrian armies, rec€ntly completed and ready for sale as Compute!ModeratedWargBmesrules fot the
    announcedelsewherein tlus masazin€! NapoleonicPeriod.Ard for thosewho want
    nothinglessthanthe DogisB . . .
    PLAYINGWITH 15sAT 25mmSCALES
    This is not asdifficult asyou night at first think. There are two
    'Overthe Hills. . .'
    approachesandthe net resultsdiffer only slighdy. Findy, using ComputerModented WargamesRr esfolthe
    the figues basedon the prescribed25nm bases,treat eachasa
    25mmelement.This means,for examplewhenshooting,rolling
    Age of Reason.
    one die per elementof eight 15mmfiguresand scoringtwo hits Each$29.95inc. pdcp
    for each number obtained that would give a hit. Reaction is
    done for everytwo hits causedinsteadof everyone. for IBM,PC,AtariSTandAmigaSystems
    The other approachis rather more complicated,but giv€sa from:
    Inore flexible game and p€rhaps appearsmorc realistic. And
    tftis is to regardeachelementasyou would two l5mm €lements I ngli xl16. amyuter@ar gamrt
    so that in shootingfor example,you would roll two dice for the 253 oakRd.,
    Selly KrysNonon, B30
    Eitdryha|a lm
    eight figure €lement.The u t rcceivinghits would lose a figure
    for eachappropriatehit nuDber dicedfor. ln this way moredice
    are rolled for each battalion shooting, but the results are less One of the new rules in Don McHugh's Lists (which I reviewed
    extremeand tend to averageout better. A gun firing roundshot in W.I. 60) is that battalion guds must rcmain in basecontact
    could s.ore 0, 25 or 50 ctsualtieswith this methodasopposedto with their parent units. This is only right and proper, but on
    0 or 50. For reaction purposescount only pairs of hit figuresas thoseoccasionswhenit hasbeenleft behindit may not fire at all
    one reactronpoint. Odd figues a.temarkedascasualtieson the unlesschargedand mustendeavourto catchup vrith its infantry
    unit, but are not removed and are counted in with the next battalion. Another of Don's suggestionsis for Prussianinfantry
    rcaction rcll: for example,if a unit receivesone hit from enemy to move 100pacesand stil be able to fire or 150paces(ie at
    fue it doesnot count it for reaction (sidcetl,o hits are need€d). columnspeed)without fting. Nos, sincebattalion gunscanfte
    If the sameunit receivesanother casualtynext phase,then it and move whilst accompanyingtheir infantry battalion this
    also counts the one already reglst€red making one reaction makesthe Prussianbattalion gunssuper-fast,so I recommend
    point. lf this is too complicatedor thoughtnot worth the bother, that 100pac€sand shootingbe usedfor any Prussianbattalion
    then playerc can agree to either count single 6gure hits for gun shooting. If the battalion moves 150 pacesthen its guns
    reactionthat moveor elseignore them,
    Anillery arean exceptionto the aboverule. As I havealready A coupleof orher points I touchedon in the review werc the
    said, the basesizesfor artillery in wRG do not permit a very ability of Prussian cuirassiers to charge at heary cavalry
    becomingdeploF€nt oi gun and figures. It is not possibleto fit (dragoon) rates instead of making them fanatics as Don
    two gunsand eight crew memberson the 40mmx60mm base. suggests;and the ability of steadyEnglish battalions to causea
    One gun and four figures, giventhe large sizeof battery gunsin doublehit on a scoreof 5 aswell as6, but only at closerangeand
    the Sev€nYearsWar looksjust great. (Rememberthat in batde on their fi$t volley. This would tempt the player to advancehis
    guns in battery were actually spaceda considerabledistance battalion through the Frenchgaff andhopefl ly, the Frenchfire
    apa( for safetyreasons).Basedimensionsof this size,I deemed beingwhat it is (poor), not reactbadly to shootinghits, let them
    not desirable for the two small battalion guns that actually haveit tul in their facesass,asthe done thing!
    accompaniedthe battalion. I us€ a frontage of 30mmx40mm A final point, iD ass€ssingshaken units through losses,
    depth for the battalion guns. In the game it is important to battalion gun crewshouldnor be includedaspart of the original
    rcalisethat only half the gunnerfigur€sare fielded ascompared strengthof the unir aseachfigure represents5 not 50 men.
    to other figues, tberefore it is necessaryto inflict two hits to The Seven Yea War otrers perhaps the quintessential
    rcmove one figure. Of couGe this makes anillery casualties wargameperiod, being a time when professionalarmiesunder
    quite (realistically) difficult to cause,sinc€a hit once obtained absolute monarchsfaced off against each other in an age of
    must be diced for to decide effect. In th€ rules a 4, 5 or 6 reason.Uniforns are colourful, units are easyto manage- no
    eliminatesa crew member, other scoresa draught animal (but 6ddly skirmish€r compades darting about, simple weapons
    areignoredif animalsare not present).In the SevenYearswar, systems,sinpl€ command and staff systems(but intersting
    with civilian ddven in employ,commandenodered their guns, personalities), smallish armies (compared to Napoleonics),
    even field guns moved by hand when within 500 yards of th€ distinctivenational characteristicsand subdetactical variations
    from nation to nation - and scopefor warfare outsideEurope -
    Wh'efl a unii charges,it will leave its battalion guns behind. in North America and India.
    'Thc Foliage Factaty $erc unable to stock a tnde stan.l at Pa
    Sincc izan II .luc to noring house inteffupting p.otlDction_ the
    ladsdcci.lcd with a Ie*,ch'ns to put on a SYW gane - hc.c s a coupl.: af pics.M;ck Rt)thetbury taid: .Makc sure thet
    knos, thc windnill is nine!'
    Somewhatpostcoleshill thisnedieval joust pic is actuzlly ofone ofthe ScinitarClub's participation ganes - here stagedat the
    rccent Newalk show. with Nick Meredith 2s Head Henld.

    THREENORMANBATTIES.1066to 1157
    1.TheBattleof CoIeshiII,1157
    byStephen
    Simpson
    alu,ayspossibleto get hold of all the relevantchroniclesfor any
    INTRODUCTION particular battle I obtain further information from other good
    The themeof this seriesof threebattlesis Normansagainsttheir referencesources.From this poitrt I can establishthe priociple
    non-Normanfoes. In previous articles I have presented featuresof a battle and it is ftom there that I can work to*ards
    {enarios for.balll€seitherbetweenAngio-Normanarmiesor the scenario. In this way I hope also to be odginal in my
    agairstthe French,whichare of a similartype.In thissedesI treatmentof any battle.what this meansis that the scenarios
    want to turn my attention to somebatdeswhere Norman l'?e are basedmainly on my interpretationsand viewswhich I have
    armiesfought againstdif{erent edehies. formed ftom what I haveread.
    The three I have chosenare Coleshill,fought againstthe I have designedthese sc€nariosfor use with the De Bel/it
    Welshin 1157;The Standard,foughtagainstthe Scotsin 1138; ,4,lt?,iilat.r (DBA) rules by the WargamesResearchcroup. I
    and Hastings,fought againstthe Englishor Anglo-Saxons in have found theserules to be absolutelyexcellent and all three
    1066. scenarios areto beplayedusingtherulesjustastheystand.You
    My main aim *hen producingthesescenarios is to provide could also adaptthe scenariosfor usewith other rules.
    wargameswhich are true to the spirit of the odginal encounters This adcle is the storyof the battleof Coleshi in1157and
    and which capture the corect feel for the period. To achieve the wargamesscenariowhich I have derived fron it. I have
    thisI startby readingasmanyof thecontemporary chronicles as endeavoured to create what is primarily a playable aod
    I can, so that I can fom my opinions directly fton the original rnterestingwargame.I begin with a backgroundro the battle,
    accounts - andtheydo makefascinanting reading.Sirceitis not followedby the battleitselfandthenthe scenano.
    t8
    When He!ry II becameking of England in 1154,he had a strong negotiatingposition, and Henry and his army retumed
    hugetask aheadof him. The civil war of the precedingyearshad
    left the counEy in a turmoil and a strong and rcsolute king was
    needed. Henry was equal to the task and set about r€- TIIE SCENARIO
    establishingorder thnugbout his domains.In 1157he tumed In historical terms the only frghting which took plac€ in tbe
    his attention to Wal€s and in that year he fought a battle at battle was in the ambushitself. To create the scenarioI have
    Coleshillwherehe nanowly escapedbeingkilled. widen€dthe areaof actionto includethe flanking attackaswell.
    This is basedon one premise:that Owain decidedto standand
    frght, insteadof withdmwing, after the successof the ambush.
    BACKGROI'NDTO THE BAMLE On this basisan interesting and well balancedscenariocan be
    HeDry's attack on Wales in 1157was the first royal invasion
    sin€ 1121 He would have been wanting to recoverterritory I haves€tit up soihat it canbe refoughtusingDBA armies.In
    lost to the Welshin the precedingyears,aswell asto asserthis fact, the cont€mporaryworksgive no really helpful relerenceto
    authorit over Owain, prince of Gwynedd. He gathered actual numben of troops involved. Also, toop types are not
    togethera large army at Chester. much referred to exceptfor light armedleviesof the Welsh and
    The Welsh prepared themselvesfor attack, avoiding open mailed knights of the English describ€d by wiliam of
    counuy where they could be caughtby Henry's army. Instead, Newburgh. Therefore, I decided to opt for two 12 element
    William of Newburgh describeshow they waited in woods, armies straight from the DBA rules. My armies use 15mm
    watching over the passestfuough which the invaders might figues.
    Th€s.en.ariogo€slike this:
    HeDry s€t out from Chester, but found the going tough on TGrrain: Set out the terrain accordingto the map. Il is not
    accountof the difficult t€rrain. However, word camethrcugh to possibleto know the terrain of the battlefield exacfly, so I bave
    him that Owain wascamp€dvrith his army at Basingwerk.Here arrang€d it to giv€ th€ best wargame. There is a wood of
    he hadsurroundedhis campwith a ditch, readyfor battle. There inpassable terrain about 12. inches squarc (ie 1200 pace$)
    wasa wood betweenihem, hoq/ever,and so Henry resolvedon
    surroundedby good going.Thrcugh the iddle ofthe woodis a
    a pincermovementwith an approachboth through a passin the passof bad going which is 3 eleoents wide (ie 120mm). At one
    wood and amund it at the sametime.
    end of the passis the Engish camp. Al the other eod is the
    Welshcamps,hichis sunounded by ditches.The ditchescount
    TIIEBATTLE in combat asdefendinga river bank.
    Henry himselJled the attack ttuough the wood, wbile sending Armies:Eachplayer shouldchoose12elementsfrom the two
    the rest of his army around it. Now this all seemsa good plan, armies92 Webh and 134Anglc Norman.There is no restriction
    but thereweretwo important flalls in it. Fi$dy, Owain seemsto on the selections,but they shouldnot be revealedat tbrsstage.IJ
    have prepared for just such ar eventuality and positioned a you are not using DBA rules then ensue that the armies arc
    force under his two sonsCynan and Dafydd in the wood in an rcpresentativeof their respectiveq?es and are of equal points
    ambushon the pass.Secondly,Henry s€emsto have attacked
    rather precipitately through the wood. Gerald of wales relates
    how his lack of experienceand impetuositycaus€dhim to press
    on rccklesslyfurtothe pass- andthe ambush,wheremanyof his
    men were killed. Basicaly, Henry walked straight into a trap
    andvi(ual disaster.
    Two distinguishedmagnates,EustaceFitzlohn andRobert of
    Courcy, were killed and word sFead that Hetrry himself had
    t-'T-t I
    also fallen. Troops fleeing the ambush passedword to thos€
    fo owing up, some of whom also mut€d. lndeed, HeDry of
    Essex, the king's standard b€arer, threw down the royal
    tl x- l t I
    standardand also fled, spreadingnewsof the king's demis€as
    he went. This iflcident had ht€resting repercussionswhich I
    shall describelater on. The day was savedby Roger of Clare,
    who was following up with his men. He raised up the king's
    standardaDdrallied the army.
    When OwaiDbecane awareof the approachof the flanking
    force coming round ihe wood he decided to abandon Ns
    position and withdmw, quitting while he was aheadyou might
    say.

    AFTERTIIE BATTLE
    King HeDrys€nthis fleet to Anglesey,wher€a force landedatrd
    causedmayhem, including the plunderhg of church€s.They
    cameseriouslyunstuck howev€r when they w€re attacked by
    the local inhabitantsand thorcugbly d€feated.This incident in
    its€fcould form the basisof an intercstingwargame,perhapsa
    Iargeskimish with Norman knightsladenwith booty desperate-
    Iy trying to make it back to their ship,swhile under attack from
    rhe €nragedWelsh.
    Following the batde of Coleshil and the attack on Anglesey,
    Owain decidedto makehis D€acewith Henlrvwhile he wasin a
    l9
    The Gsme: Each player allocates4 or 5 of their elem€ntsto
    fight in the wood. This reFesentsabout35to 40% of eacharmy.
    Th€ Welsh player then setsout hiyher forcesin lhe wood with
    RESEARCH
    WARGAMES
    the rest being set out in the area sunoundedby the ditch. The
    Englishplayerplaceshis elementsto go throughthe wood at the
    GROUP
    end of the passin a group with a singleelementftontage. They TheKeep
    camot deployftom this {ormation until they ate within 2 hch€s Lel\rarchant Barracks,LondonRoad,
    (200paces)of the Welsh in the wood. The rest of hls army is Devizes.Wiltshire.SN102ER,UK
    placedseparatelynearer to the com€r of the wood (seemap). Tel & Fax(0380)724558
    The Englsh g€neral'selement (Henry) has to go through the
    wood. The Welshgeneral'selement(Owain) hasto start within NEW!
    the ditched area. 7thEditionARMYLISTSVOLUME2
    The gam€ beginswith the English moving 6rst. Remember
    that the flanking force will almostc€rtainlyhavethe problem of
    andAmerica
    ArmiesoftheFarEast,Asia
    being 600pacesawayftom H€ry's geneml elementand being ByD. HutchbyandS.Clalk
    beyonda wood at the sametime at somestage. 68Lists;13MapsandDBAlistsforeach army
    Also, neith€r side may withdraw their forcesftom the wood 84.75+ P&P
    until therc has been some kind of fighting between them. AlsoAvailable:Listsfor DBM
    Similarly, the Englishflanking forc€ canno!entorthe wooduntil
    someof it hasattackedth€ ditched area.However, the flanking BOOKl:3000BC-500BC
    force canb€ divided sothat nol all of it go€sround to attackthe BOOK2: 500BC-476AD
    Welst!camp,but they stil cannotmove into the wood until the Eachbookf4.75+P&P
    ditched area hastr€enattacked. The Welsh within the ditched Postage
    area cannot leave it until they have been attacked, although United Kingdom-Add 10%minimum 50p;
    they canmovewithin it.
    'Ilis
    Maximumf3.00
    may s€€mlike a lot of restrictionson the players,but in AirmailEurope -Add 25%minimum f1.00
    facl the game is fast moving and evenly matched. The RestofWorld-Add25%surface; 50% Airmail
    constraintsare o y required to help the sc€narioto correspond minimumf1.00
    to its historical count€rpart. You can end the game, either as (Mastercatd,Eurocafu)Accepted
    determinedby the DBA rules or by continuing until you have VISAandACCESS
    had enough. The scenario provides an unprediclable game, sendans.a.e,
    Forourtulllists or 2lRc'stotheabove
    which is unlikely to give the samer€sult twice. adoress.

    could p€netrate chain-mail when thrown sho( distanceslike


    FTJRTIIERFOSSIBILITINS j avelins.In batde lbe Wdsh were highly ferocrousto start with,
    Atrother lvay of looking at this batde is to considerthe ambush but if the enemy didn't break then lhey often retreated latly
    as a kind of role playing scenario. With Owain's sons both quickly. How€ver, they didn't seemto be deterred as easilyas
    named,along with King Henry and four of his magnat€s,ther€ others by being beaten and *ould sooDbe ready for another
    is rcom for creating a role playing skimish game centred battle. Becaus€they were lightly armedtbey had to tailor their
    arcund King Henry's escapeand the running awayof Henry of tactic,saccordingly,trying to avoid pitched battles atrd instead
    Essex. preferring to frght in ambushesor at night.
    There is also scopefor a game basedon what happenedto
    Henry of Essexafter the batde. In 1163Robert de Mondort
    accus€dhim of tr€ason. Henry deniedthe accusationand so it RETERENCES
    went to trial by combat.This took placeon an islandin the riverContemporrry Works:
    at Reading, near tbe abbey. Just as Robert was gaining the l. The loum.y .hrough WaleslTheDesuip,ion of Valzs by
    upper hand, Henry had a vision of Saint Edmund and a knight Gerald of Wales,translatedby Lewis Thorpe (publishedby
    whom be had had wrongly put to death. He became very tbe PenguinGroup, 1988).
    ftightened at this and tried to fight harder. But, the more he 2. Chronicle of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds by loc€llln ol
    tri€d, the moreh€ wasattackedandeventuallyh€ wasdefeated. Bralelond, tra$lat€d by Diana Greetrwayand JaneSayers
    He was thought to be dead, but eventually he recoveredand (Oxford Univ€nity Press,1989).
    becamea monk at Reading Abbey. This duel would make an 3. Brut Y Tynysogyonor TheChrcnicleof rhePrinc?sPeniarrh
    inter€stingconfrontation. MS. 20 Version, translatedby ThomasJoDes(University of
    ADoth€rpossibility, of cours€,would be to refight lhe actual WalesPress,1952).
    battl€, but without any of the restrictionswhich I haveincluded4. The History of Englandby Wiliam of NewburghiD tttglir,
    (which were intended to try to steer the game towards the His,oical Doarncnts yolume Il 1042-1189€dited by David
    odginal battle). This would aUolv the players maximum C. Douglas and George w. Greenaway (Eyre Methu€n,
    fleiibility to make their own descisionsabout how to fight over 1981).
    the terain. Oth€r Works:
    l. The Age of Conqrcst Waler, i063-1415 by R. R. Davies
    WELSHTACTICS (Odord University Press,1991).
    lt may alsobe of interest to describewhat Gerald of Waleshas 2. Famous Webh Battlesby Philip Wamer (Fontana/Collins,
    to sayabout the tacticsof the Welsh at this time. Gerald wasan 1980).
    educatedman, part Welsh andpan Noman.
    He saysthat the men of Gwent in South Wales were more
    skiled with the bow and arrow lhan those from €lsewherein
    Wales, while in Gwynedd long spea$ w€re preferred. These
    'l$o
    ECWgameput on by Graham.Gordonrnd Le.. thc Ieesside
    shotsot theexcellent Triumvirare.
    ai rhcParrizanShowar
    KelhamHilt. nearNe$ark.Particulrrlv
    not.worthy for rhefin! terrain:nd buildurgs.
    B\ k.cpingto a smallcrrable(6 x6 or
    tl'x6 at nost) theseguysalway\makc their terfarn\er\ phorogenic.
    2l

    WARGAMES
    -AVlsrralRetrospecthrc
    By lanWeeHey
    Retirement(of a sorqbeckons!AsIcastmyeyeoverthelastlist expensivecomparedwith figuresfor generalwargaming.I have
    of 'one-off ordersI haveyet to completefor patient customers, long used them in photographsof model buildings where the
    my mindlooksbackdowntheyearsto 1979.Encouraged by the slightly larger sizeis usetul in 25mmsituations. (Obviouslythe
    editorsof our hobbymagazines - therewerenot manyat that larger the figure the slie.htlymore charactercanemergein each
    date - I started to write about my first efforts in the area of case).
    model buildingsfor the wargamer.Staningoff with 'Model A new rangeof realy good medievalfigurcs at 30rnmscale-
    Buildings for tbe Battlefield' (Military Modelling magazhe foot and mounted - is available from Whittlcs€y Miniatures.
    1981)I wasshordyinvitedby DuncanMacfarlaneto *rite for ltVlen paiDtedsomeof thesewil fi a gapin my collection.
    Minioturc Wargames,and later still for his WaryamesI us- Oaherearlyfirmshavemeryed,but oftensurvive- andtheir
    rared. The support of all editors at all times has been designeNwith them - under different names, as happensin
    marvellous throughleantimesandlessleantimes,"in sickness manyother businesses.
    andin health"etc!(I havenow, it seems,hadabout140articles The gro$,th of interest in 15mmscaleshaspe apsreflected
    published). the increasingcost of metal in casting.Ho*ever, while some
    Healthhasbeena problem,but "Battlements"is now safely three years ago I expectedthe 15mm scaleto completely
    in the ablehandsof JamesMain, my principalassistant ftom dominatethe tabletopscene,I do not now think thisto be the
    1982.I cannowconcenffate on completing'one-off orden and case. There are a great many very fine figures being made
    developingmy own rangeof urethanecastmodel buildings the today, and Connoisseor Figures and Wargames Foundry,
    pressure easingconsiderably in ashortwhile. amongstothers, have a dedicatedfollowing in the long
    However,this is not an articleon me, but a featureon the established sizeof 25mm.
    developments I haveobserved in our greathobby.(Isit a hobby Someyears ago the late Peter Gilder sent me some superb
    or a way of life for someof us?) ECW figures he had nade. These were large 25mm, in fact
    I findit difficultto find the time to visitmanyofourshows.l almost 30mm in effect. Sizes persist in variation from one
    do manageto goto'Salute'(ny fanily in Londonproviding'b& manufacturerto the next and this is no bad thing. Mix your
    b') nearlyeveryyear.This,oneof the 'greatest showson earth', figures;you havehumanvariationsin height- no two people
    eDables me to keepin touchwith manyold friendsand,most arethe samesizeor shape.
    important of all, changesand trendsin the wargamesworld. I do not intend to catalogue all those firms producing
    The visualimprovementswhich havetakenplaceover the last excellent and imaginative figures, but Trevor Dixon has long
    ten yearshavebeenconsidemble. The qualityandquantityof designedlively, activelooking wargamessoldiersin many
    model figures,the variety of equipmentand the rangesof periods.I well rememberhis early Samuraipiecesand the
    sceneryavailableis now remarkable.Our hobby hasclearly impact they had on the hobby. Some figures advertised by
    becomea 'growthleisureindustry'and the numberof firms newcomers do still tendto ignorethe humananatomy!I often
    offering their specialisedservicesto the wargameris legion. seesuchamies, beautifullypainted,at theshowsandamfor€ed
    One of the amazing aspecls to be seen in the classified to askmyself "!Vhy wastetime with suchsuperbpainting on so
    columnsof our magazineadvertisementsis the growingnumber calledhumanfigureswhich are really not good?" If thesefigures
    of figure painters. I am forced to ask the question "Is there are to be regardedjust as counteE in a game- small piecesof
    realy work for aI thesepeople?" Perhapssomeadvertisersare coloured wood would be befter! I realy do dislike the
    engagedinthistoil asan enrajob to theirmainemployrnent.I anatomically deficient'gnomes'of our hobby!
    use two figure painters for my own collections, but there are Fair amazed as I am by the number of figure painten
    someforty advertisersin this field of work ! Having saidthat the advertisingtheir services,ImustfinallyaddthatI amevenmore
    general level of design and execution in all areas is much impressed by the large number of figure manufacturen
    improved.I will ventureto casta criticalsplashof ink over comDetins for custom,
    sundry items which have caught my attention, and perhaps
    whereimprcvements haveyet to be made!
    Computergamingand 'boxed'gamesare both outsidemy BTIILDINGSAND TERRAIN
    termsof reference,but in the miniaturesgamingworld (asour Here
    of course I amon homeground! Recentmajor showshave
    cousinsacross"The Pond" call the a€tivity) I feel qualified to on the whole demonstrated
    a really markedimprovementin the
    comment.Let us take, first of all, figuresin their diversescales. standardof scenery-
    of all kinds and in all periods of history -
    broughtto thewargames table.
    Here on€ has to congratulatemany clubs Ior the enormous
    FIGT]RXS amountof time andeffort they put into prepamtionsfor a major
    Many early firms making soldien in scales from 1/300th event. t like to think that someof my articleshavehelpedin this
    upwards are still with us - a tribute to their skils aDd field, andindeedI havesometimesstoppedshon at a gameand
    professionalism.Heroicsand Ros,SkytrexandMiniffgs still cast thought"Good l-ord - I don't remembermakingthat castlel"
    figuresof high quality with new additionsfrom time to time. (or whatever). Then I realised that somebodyhad taken note
    My own favourites,the famous30mm'Wr'rle'figures,fine for and produced a usetul model, and that writing has not been
    skirmish games,are among the best anatomicalsoldiers ever
    created.Althoughthesefigures,designedby EdwardSur6n, One club which hasalwaysgiven the visitor to 'Salute' much
    are no longer marketed by their creator, they are all available pleasureis the Je$ey WarganesClub. Thesestalwan Chamel
    ftom Tradition lntemational and have never been sumassed. Islanderchave often struggled to these shoreswith extensive
    erceptby lbe taleDLed amateurJohn Ray.They are.howe!er. terain sectionsto put together to make up realy outstading
    WARRIORMINIATURES
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    PRESEl{T New caralosue f1.50 plus a stamp€d add'€ssed envelope.
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    We accept Via Ac6, Madgdd d.,
    li@AEI|IESo y i9.95 + lr.50 pot Chw froa F!€ad or Brit'6h
    NaDoleorid, nondr, ECW Ro!,alti d Parlimdlarid, ACW Noirn dd
    Sodh. 181hCallrv. C.lonlal ZulG dd BrnGh. Fdla.y Good or Ev{.
    Mlnlmuh ot 1(x) pte in each ame pact. G@t Valu€,
    25@NAPOI,EONICAEI|IESo y 116.95 + i2.75 D6r. 100 Dl.G.
    Brftid! FEDcb PiEia B6id, Austie, Sp3nifi.
    25lmAn IES odr fi9.50 + f:l-lxt po.i, Gr€eL nond. Pdsid,
    Thra.ld, Ma@donia, Notmn, Smuai, Monsols, ldd!&n .ht5,
    Medi@als€rc
    FUI dei.ils olall ffgu6 in d tup€r nau ddlosue
    25Dd 6sr|E to6 25D, 15DD lbn lOD, All mad. frem lop qu.llt!, ano9.
    N.u 20@ Sp..kb Cldl W.i Vl.rnu .!d Ilodd aJSA-
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    Shon Char{€srcdh on 0656 768556 for d€latls.

    ************

    of thosethinesusedfor pipingicingon cakes!Itreallywon'tdo.


    PR0nUCrnil
    AltElilr0FSEASoil BYCrrUAA building must havereality and authority, be in period, look
    go
    thoroughly convincingon the wargamestable and nicely with
    terrain and scenery,whether a wecked farm defendedby the the nodel soldien which have been so lovinely and accurately
    French Foreign l-€gion, or a US Cavalry and Indian affair iD madeandDaintedfor the Darticularscenario.
    North America. The Club's decision not to come to further
    showsonthemainlandis a sadlossto usall, but undertandable
    in today'seconomicclimate andthe effort involved. DRtrSSINGTIIE SCEIIE
    Many firms make tenain, from the useful but slightly I sometimes maketrees,but usually,with little time to spare,
    vulnerablehigh densitypolystyrene,to 'hexes'in a varietyof passthe job to others. D€anForest Figurer (a new firm) make
    materials.Hexesare clearlyefJectiveand easyto store,but excellentpalmtreesandmuchelse.My colleague RobinPeckis
    somehowthey have never excited my attention- I supposeI a dab hand at interestinghedgesand arnongother commecial
    prefer the mor€naturalisticlandscapewhich canbe obtainedby fims I nake use of The Facaree- a little expensive,but very
    using larger boards of varying substance.Again looking back imaginative and reliable. There is a growing choice now of
    downthe yearca greatmanymore'systems'are now available commercialtreemakers-who alladvenise'n our maeazines.
    than ever before. They are all in their waysquite excellent for Hinchlitrewere long farnedfor their figuresand, particularly,
    the job they haveto do. Total SystemSc€nicoffer a wide range their artillery piecesand equipnent. wargames Foundry also
    of landscapesparticularlyusefulfor the novicewargamer. havea goodselection ofcannonetc.in theirlists.For my 30mm
    Buildingsoften remain a problem to the purist wa4amer. A co[ection I usedto buy ftom the excellentrangeof cannonand
    true ground scale reduction of, say, a farm or small village limbers producedby HWG of Vi€nna (sold thrcugh Tradition
    would look ridiculous on a caretuUymodelled table top with Intermtional in Stockholn) but sadly now discontinued- a
    25mm soldiers.So we compromise,with most firms (and greatloss.Another casualtyof our ageis Haus*r Elastolinwho
    rnyself) producine buildings which are 'smallish' in reality madesplendidsiegeequipmentat 40mmand70mms{ale.The
    againstthe figures,but not to the point of looking sily. Even so 40mm siegetowers were excellent and looked fine with 25 or
    thereis, aswith mostfigures,somenotedvariationin .elative 30mm figures- as did thei trebuch€tsand other missile
    throwing enginesof war. If you see any of the above on a
    Many firmsprovidingwell-fi ed catalogues of modelbuild- Bring-and-Buy slallin oneof the shows- buy'ernquick!
    ingsand o.her battlefield featurescontinue to usea heavyresin So, in retrospect, the choice we now have is a wide one in
    material to €astin. For yearcnow I have been designingsuch most arcasof the mifliatureswargaminghobby.Who knows
    featuresin a lightweightresinfoam urethane.ltischeaperto howthetuturewilldevelop,but I hopecomputergameswill not
    send by mail, easier to carry about and has a good high takeoverfrom the miniaturesworldlThereis a specialquality
    definition of modelled surface. Once washedin a lukewarm in a well-plannedwargamestable, with good sceneryand
    solution of sodaor detergentthe surfacetakes paints satisfac- nicelookingarmiesofary period.
    torily. At 200p.s.i.it doesof courseneeda goodstrongmould In spite of the seriousrecession,firms som€howsurviv€ and
    boxto keepall togetheratthatpressurel producea constantflow of new featuresof every kind. I thank
    SomemodelbuildingsI haveseendo still seemto ignorethe them all for the interest they havegiven me, and I thank all the
    basicprinciplesof simplearchitecture.Other buildingsalso readersof this and our other magazines for bearingwith me
    conveythe appearance of surfacedetailbeingappliedwith one overa surprisingnumberof years.
    24

    INCOMPIETE THE MSMALT


    OTITIER'S BACK ROOM
    i n ia t u re Pa i n ti nI Senlice
    ATOZOFIIIORLDWARII . we ?chieve onsisten r i. siyre, ,ccum.t
    2nd qurliry of ffnisb, roeel\e. vith a prcmpr
    R. JamcsOliverofiers26fascinatirysnippeb responp and bendly seric, odp€titively
    ofiDformation. . .
    . smd sn atrn ch$ sanps or so lRcs f' 2
    2'm sanple, or lour fid. dN ssmp6 ror
    a lton slmpl€ 'd r. infolmtio. p..k.
    We start the War with A for ATOM BOMB, which - er - we . PIG for every ,r0 sp.nt on ord6s,
    finish the War with too. I
    ourpnze dn-. Pnre - rto-onn of
    B is for BOFFINS, semi-affectionatenickname given to paincd fulrs or ihe wime6 choic.
    scientistsby British soldiers,sailorsandairmenwho hadto tate Teleqhona 0431 445671
    rheir wond€rful inventions into battle againstthe Gemans to TSBR,.{2ASHFIELDSROAD. SHREWSBI]RY.SHROPSHIRE
    SY13SB
    find out whether they worked or not.
    C is for CHURCHILL, a powerful amoured brute -
    slow-movingbut unstoppable- which gavethe Gemans no end
    of trouble; seealsothe tank oI the samename.
    Wherecan I find2000MilitaryBooks?
    D is for DUNXIRK, the first of dany great British defeats ln the
    which €ventualy won them the War.
    E is for EG,c, which you could only get powderedduring the
    KENTROTMANCatalogue
    ot course!

    F is for FUfiRER; seeHITLER. Ken Tronnan Ltd


    G is for GERMANY, who lost the War. It is alsofor GREAT
    BRITAIN, who lost the War too. (Never mind the s.oreline,
    look at the injury list.) on Militaty History
    H is for HITLER. seeFUHRER. aod Waponry

    I b for IWASION; seePoland,Norway, Denmark, Holland,


    Belgium, France,etc, etc, etc.
    J is for JOYIAL, which it wasvery hardto get during the War.
    K is for KILmD, which it was very easyto get during the

    L is for LIMEY, a name given to dle British by drc


    Americars,
    M is for MONTGOMERY, a Limey givenlots of other names urrrlof,um rulll 8N2
    by the Americans. &oh ii !r li lodhlii0 rrhliolidj

    N is for NEVER, a good time to hold the next war.


    O is fo. OMAEA, a beach in Normandy *hich put lots of Send tor a lree cataloguen6 t
    peopleoff seasideholidaysfor good. Mailorderis our speciality.
    KENTROTMANLTD,
    P is for PANZER; seeROMMEL. UNIT1,I, 135 DITTONWALK,CAMBRIDGE,
    Q is for th€ QUICK; seealsothe dead. cBs 80D
    R is for ROMMEL, generallythought of asa "good guy" even
    if he wasa baddie; the quick - not to mention the dead- might
    not agree.
    Z is for ZEBRA (Zt LU to non-Limeys), when using a
    S is for STALIN, genenlly thought of asa "bad guy" evenif diff€rent sort of radio tleam; seealso"Two peoplesseparatedby
    he was a goodie; there are a few more quick - and an a'*{ul lot a common language". The Britjsh and Americans are, of
    more dead- with viewson t[is. course,alsoseparatedby a large strctch ofwater
    T is for TRAGEDY, which saysit all rcally.
    For tboseinterestedin the Batde of the Adantic, Liverpool's
    U is for ULTAA, which was Top S€cretso I cannotsay any museumsare cuently hosting various excellentdisplays,and
    the City hasalso recreat€dand openedto the public the nerve
    V is for VICTORY; seealso CHURCHILL and fingels. centrefrom which naval and merchantshippingwascontrolled
    dudng the batde. where elsecould you seesigDsdirecting you
    W is for WARGAME, which is much more enjoyable for to the "TOP SECRET MARITIME HQ"?
    havingbolh syllablesmther than just the first one.
    X is fDr X4ERAT, the German Air Force radio beams
    transmittedover Bdtain.
    Y is for Y SERVICE, the Royal Air Forcepeoplelisteningto
    the Germanradio b€ams.
    a1 IRREGULARMINIATTIRESLTD IG !:!:ifL
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    26

    CONFRONTATION
    AWargarnesscenadofor theBorneocampatgn1963-66
    By MarkWillis
    POLMCAL BACKGROTJ}ID British, for most of the time under the forceful (and sometimes
    controversial) leadeNhip of General lvalter Walker, had the
    The political situation in South-EastAsia in the 1960'swasvery taskof preventingor punishingIndonesianhcursion, or at least
    unstable.Malaya had b€engrantedindependencefrom Britain making it too risky to be worthwhile, without e$alating the
    in 1957;the Dutch had reluctandyhandedover their coloniesto conllict into a full-scalewar- not easy!
    Indonesia;and the Philippineswere beginningto find their feet The British forcesin Bomeo were chiefly infantry, supponed
    under American guidance.Two major attemptswere made to by Gunnersand Engineers.A small number of armouredcars
    unite the region. The first was the Federation of Malaysia, were deployedto patrol the rcads, but stucethereweren't many
    joidinS nainland Malayawith Singaporeandthe Bomeo States roads, this was not a major role. Although som€ of ihe
    of Sabah and Sarawak. Former British protectomte Brunei battalions which fought in Bomeo were dra*n ftom the Line
    declin€dan invitation to join, confident of its ability to surviv€
    regiments,they wero overshadowedby the ParachuteRegim-
    alone supported by rcvenue ftom oil production. Though ent, the Royal Marines (in their element patrolling the many
    Singaporeonly remained in the federation for two years, it rivers and creek) and aboveall by the Gurkhas,who trore the
    resistedpressureto join the oppositecamp Maphilindo. brunt of the action. Also distinguishingthems€lveswere the
    Mapbilindo was the brainchild of President Sukamo of SAS,who did someexceuenlworkon surveillance, reconnaiss-
    Indonesia,and aimed to unite Malaya with the Philippinesand anceandfighting patrols andliasion$tth the local population to
    Indonesia in a potent power-bloc which would put an end to win over "hearts and minds". Helicopter supportwasprovided
    Westemdominationof the regionfor ever. Whilst Malaysiawas chiefly by the Royal Naiy, often opemting ftom airqaft-
    essentiallydemocraticin its pinciples, Maphilindo had strong carriers. Helicopters s/ere alwaysin short supply (there were
    Cnmmunist undertones, despite Sukamo's autocratic be- never more than 60 in Bomeo at any one time), Though some
    haviour. Sukamo attempted to bully the Bomeo states into fixed-wing aircraft, such as the Gloster Javelin fighter, were
    rejecting Malaysia and joining him. To avoid intemational deployed to the RAF baseon Labuan island off the coast of
    criticism, he never declared war on Mala)sia, but tried to Brunei, they s/ere nev€r usedin anger.
    achievehis aims by bulying tactics and intensivepropaganda.
    The British, sti[ bound by defence treaties to support their
    former colonies,adopteda defensivepolicy usingminimum TIIEEI{EMY
    force. The war-without-a-warwhich ensuedcameto be kDown
    as"Confrontation". At the start of Conhontation the enemy forces deployed on
    offensive missions tended to mnsist chiefly of para-military
    forcesor irregulars suchas the CCO (Cland€stineCommunist
    GEOGRAPIIY Organization). Later in the co lict mor€ regular troops wer€
    employed, and proved to be tough advenaries. Though their
    Although on a couple of occasionsth€ lndonesiansdrcpped individual weaponsand their artilery suppon were comparable
    sma[ parties of paratroops in mainland Malaya, and sent in to the British equivalents, they seem to have possessedfew
    iDfiltrators by boat, most of the action took place in Bomeo. helicopters,which put them at a disadvantagewhere mobility
    Bomeo is a huge island, almost entirely covered in thick was concemed, and forced them to make considerableuse of
    equatorial rain forest. There *ere few roadsin the 1960'sard river transpon for re-supplyand troop movement.Whilst this
    the localsusedthe manyriverc astheL primary meansof getting was good in somerespectsit was also extremelyvulnerable to
    about.Thereare manymountainsandsteepknife-edgedridges, ambush.The biggestdisadvantagefor the Indonesianswastheir
    so movementagainstthe gain of the country is very slow and increasinglack of support amongstthe local population andthe
    erhaustingif you are on foot. The ex-British territories, Sabah, consequentdearth of intelligence to be gained from them. In
    Sarawak and Brunei, are in the north. Between them they stark contrast to this the British madesrenuous efforts to win
    comprise about a quarter of the island. The rest is a part of over tbe localsand subsequefitlyreapedthe reward.
    Indonesia,known asKalimantan. The land border is roughly a
    thousandmiles long, in many placesindistinA'uishableon the
    ground- just a line on the map. noi eveofollowinga riveror WEAPONSANDTACTICS
    ridge-line. To the indigenous people the border had little The weaponsat the forefront of the fighting were the standard
    signific.ance in 1963;they crossedit at will with no qualms.The weaponsof the British infantryman of the time:
    British, on the other hand, keen to beenseenin tbe eyesof the The 7.62mmSelf-lrading Rifle (SLR), a hard-hitting rhough
    wo d asinnoiEnt andresponsible,wer€very sensitiveaboutthe hearf weapon, equipped with a 2Ground magazine, but
    politicalimplications of crossingtheborder. hampered by its lack of automatic fire capability, a severe
    disadvantagein the fleeting clashesso chamcteristicof jungle
    fighting.
    MILITARY SITUATION The I/A1 light machine gun (LMG), basicaly a Bren
    In 1963 Britain s/as in the phase of its history known to r€chamberedto 7.62mm and using a 3Ground magazine.A
    historiansasRetreat from Empire, and not keento devotelarge popular atrdversatileweapon.
    resources to another post-colonial conflict. (The anti- Tbe L7A2 7.62mmGeneralPurpos€Machinecun (GPMG),
    communistcampaignin Malayaknown asthe "Emergency"had a belt-fedweapon,very usefulin an ambushsituationbecauseof
    only officially endedin 1960.)Becaus€ofthis the Bdtish forces its high rate of 6r€. One disadvantagewas the ditficulty of
    committedin Bomeo were never large - about 14,000at most. ke€pingcl€anits ammunitionin a hot dampclimate.
    But thanks to the mobility conferred by the helicopter, small The 5.56mm Armalite AR15 assault rifle. This weaDon
    forces were able to cov€r large areas of responsibility. The (whicb did bave an automaticcapability)was not wiaely
    2:7
    available,but wasin gleat dematrd.Amongst its aftributes was
    its low weight and short barrel, making it a handy weaponin
    grt
    SCEEMf,TXCf,SOETWARE
    o.. Ilt . o Dht br |tt rrg.' rlll
    l.d IIX/FC co@db!. dt . of .!dgd.-
    The shotgun.At this time a convertedciviliatr model, not th€ - Ftl|tl nol{nn - f,Er
    purpose-builtmilitary weaponavailableto today'sforces.With 'lli
    Ev
    &d d6. b . 6 F.tm &t ta 'E!&t b.d6 d It Eri ftud.. sdfi s&5
    the barrel sho(en€d andwhen loadedwith heary buckshotthis h/d6{ td rdG e dllld 'd! tr 'DF Sem 1064 rtdr bo{dg .dn! d,
    ,rEalld d$ & Itdr ddh ll,lEr r: D.ote:I sFlbhidadth
    wasthe prefered weaponfor the lead scoutof a pat ol, allowing Gs.G tm lq!6wd. bdylvF.g'dFF
    him to put down an impressiveweight of fire in a very short &6 Edi lf.r@ L&r Pds4 r&i6 rd DB mobd tuln lrrd d'!6), lle
    BaE n.ftcH.d6 Hcalidn D..qF, t{ast& rdT@D.bGr edt 0.d
    spac€of time. ,la 6ia.dr no6ollrddi an B'E ro rhdd [6 dsdf t'dB trd'ery {66
    Th€ 9mm Steding sub-machine gun (SMG). Light and @.!4 ddi nldb m F.sG ad' 6
    d:'y.Irl f,. df b. dd.d b qd.! rl.!!d dui{ dryro6 DdDl. b dliu}ii€ a'd !.ti.d
    fast-firhg, with a useful 3,|-round magazine,this weaponwas q EI F [ !i{. id& 6. lcd db drn r,{' d'dtu ]t FolrndL*s dE
    neverthelessunpopular becauseof its lack of stopping-povrer arery ddedrijlledlt rbb.tu i d r$h re he dd dd orlt tu or0r
    and awkward shape(its 'banana' style magazineprotrudes at
    d vd dy Er rn irnd. [r E{6 cn !68 oaur rMpdq 2 I|}d. ai I rlda ib
    sd.d:sim: * t* Re.d.tar nNqd. b6r e rl'ru mt6 ift ffi b Dadddn
    right anglesandhasa habit of snaggingon every availablebush F@ gidd ad r.s.fybdg d e p6r1& (ban 'r$Ddc)
    $4 trzdt{le ldvrdE 'Ey t d.d ru 5dFe dh idia'ir tr4ei{ bdtu
    sdd.c{wFmrblol.hspi."!3m OG.Cmhdclffirnio'.dd,}* reoftdG
    Heavy weaponsincluded:
    !..gtfr lad ih dq fi'inm b tc ne Ih. Fie fortoni rnf&6 b €2295ildld6
    The GPMG in its SustainedFire (SF) role, with heary barel, P3?h d' UK
    tripod anddial sights. - ctrtttcx r9tt! -
    The 81mm mortar, a man-ponable weapon fuing a 4.4k9 Im&kddo,ss bd a 'ddnn 6!l,Yodrdo6tuld Ud'{ydtrflld'a6
    ai Dob6lrrn rq (@ i M t. !tr Eh&i.r t d6 4dod. b ary p6od xry t
    bomb to a rangeof over skm. Becauseof its high angleof 610, '!d b m m! rh.' d rft iDi.,Ecy. F.!c t'dde sd6 Ddd,el, li.oi. rd
    well suiledto firing from j ungleclearings. !d Dhy D!.d! .r'd6 6 b. 66.4 d dcba'd.d Ta 4irr'{ rd .ny 14 e s
    Th.c{fuR..pai5.eoda!4gdhd{hrq!
    The 105mmpack howitzer, an artillery weaponwith a range d','6 a i$!'db. 'lfu Te ra'br orlffi h rh. 64.{n ya ts s d.ri.d
    fdiy irfu h byIdiG Ddt]| !'d M }rldd n po6dr. rF! t Eljln3o.d
    of apFoximately 10.5km, and capableof being broken dowtr sE4 L! b ,0 cfti6 m b. d.d ...h Nidrl{ b l0 rot6, .rd {in d6a'od6
    into s€veralparts for easytransport (usually by belicopter) to pd.db: fBnG ft ixrn @ a'd 6d.d Ytr d'rdsr wdu 6 p.o*d ty mdd
    6dd.d.ha@r b.d' 'eay bd dsln c'prer dd 'sy b. rdi.d d b.. F:'!'d
    placesnormallyinaccessibleto Artillery. Thesegunsw€reoft€n .95.Lr qda lhd l@ rq he6r *nh a @.Er!. lart
    deployedin pai$ or singlyrather than groupedin the traditional q*n irdE ir.idr rI. oaf-3?95lqrtd df, copd$wddde dsrh.tul66DGr dof
    yc! .,'dd nm ltI blflb{ rr ,lxclEns [, rEM[srncE [, urPrRIsr. uc|r)llrNEs,
    s€ctionsand batteries.There were only ever at most 5 batteries xD{Er/Al-
    snnrosr(
    uNrvBsr! Mv]ll ${ Mvl!
    sxnr|t$a,flloAtL closDlc']olr
    of gunneGin Bomeo (30 guns), so the "jam" had to be spr€ad n ibor &ls ow b. srd':6d s.9dddy ft' fi7.5 pI 9 a f19.95b solo ltfu
    Pd4. v/fi6 [' U.Ki idsd.d h p6L oil:g! adas pand h g.fr{ d'aE 6r|der
    very thinly- o'ds! Fa EEc q'di6 add l5l br lind fr Fd ol S. wdld .& Ai oo.r4.
    O'eqG d. lttih& d
    Weapons used by the lndonesian Regular forces were of rL lYDl' CAlsAI Slla llL
    !. UCI aZ taIEOttOI lltDllllr.
    mixedorigin. Many wereAmerican, suchasthe M1 carbine,the lt_Dtits lot lttcllats ltrD Enll$rxcl - $tD orrdrut DIstr
    Garand rifle and the 60mm mortar. There were also Russian + FOOI 13t Ct.l33 SttG,
    weaponslike the SKS carbine (a sem;automatic rille vrith a
    lGround magazine) and the ubiquitous AK47. The para-
    military forcesandguerrillasusedanlthing available,iDcluding
    civilian shotguns and Japanese and Dutch rifl€s of WW2 teritory on suchmissions- especiallynot casualties,who hadto
    vintage. be evacuatedat all costs.One of the reasonsfor the l0km Imit
    As for lactics, the Borneo campaign was primarily a on penetrationwasthe desireto remain within rangeof friendly
    patrolling war. With such a large area to defend, it was artilery sited just within Sarawak.Anillery Forward Ob6erva-
    impossible for the Bdtish to be strong ever,ryrhere.Their tion Ol6cers (FOOS)fr€quently accompadiedpatrolsandraids,
    solution was to €stablishfirm bases(Jungle Forts) at suitable proving thekworth tine atrdagain.Whenthe British mounteda
    intervalsand patrol out from tbem to dominatethe surrounding Claret Op it wasalwa's m€ticulouslyplam€d. lt had to succeed.
    counfyside. The political situation diclated a reactive rather They did, and Indonesiacouldn't complaiosinceshewould lose
    than pr€-emptiveapproach.In due coursea prccedurekno\rn face if she did, and in any casethere was never any evidenc€
    as Stepup was adopted. The Border was lightly held by
    observation posts atrd small patrols (often of the SAS).
    I omatin from these,in conjunctionwith that procued by the
    Border Scouts- a locally-raisedpara-military force trained by
    Gurkha officen - and civilians, alowed the British HQs to
    deploy troops from their bases some 2-to-5km behind the
    border to h€ad-off and ambushenemy incursions,preferably
    BEFORE they were able to carry out any offensiveaction, but
    in truth more often as they made their way back to lDdoDesia

    N\?$4v(fr
    - - u"*
    afterwards. Platoons or companies of infaDtry, frequendy
    Gurkhas, q,ere deployed, by helicopter if possible, but
    otherwise on foot, to ambush the likely enemy vrithdrawal
    routes. Once located the enemy were harassedall the way
    home, often being kept on the move by accurately-directed
    u
    i\--=So.c=i"-r= \l-
    artillery or mortar fire,
    Occasionallypermission was granted for limited offensive
    action. Crcss-borderoperationswere neveropenly sanctioned,
    thoughh the later stagesof the war a numberof company-sized
    operationswer€mountedto takeout sp€cfic targetsup to lokm
    insideIndonesia.The codenamegivento this type of op€ration
    was CI-ARET. For political r€asonsit was highly utrdesirable KEY ' BRU EI 8 JAVA
    for it to be ktrown that British troops were operating inside 1 XALAYA 5 SABA}I 9 KAUIAIITAI{
    Indonesia(they werc supposedto be defending,not attacking) 2 Stt{GAPOnE 6 PHTUPPIilES 10 i{EWGUINEA
    3 SANAWAK 7 SUTATRA 1I AUSTAAUA
    so it was vital not to leave any evidence behind iD enemy
    28

    WARGAMINGPOSSIBILITIES
    Most op€rations in Bomeo were small ones, at s€ction and
    platoon level. Company opelations were less frequent and
    battalion-sizedonesvery rare. For this rcason, if no olher, the
    Rafm scbwaz pnt.cod,
    campaignhasmuchto offer for the wargamer.Onedoesn'tn€od &44-qEGEjSllEUEgbyBi[
    to invest a fortune in figures {or this one. The following
    fictitious, but representative,actionis a suggestionfor a gameto sE3 sn'r abpdr, dd $n*' (:)
    rccreatethe flavou of Conftontaticn.
    A +man patrol of the SAS operationg near Bukit Kayan itr
    the Third Division of Sarawakhaspicked up the trail of a party
    of Indonesians,about 10strong,who are headinginto Sarawal.
    They suspect that the intended target is the lonely radio-
    rebroadcaststation oD top of Bukit (mountain) Kayan. The
    patrol contacls base by radio and gives its report. The local
    battalion conrmanderis infomed and the Step-upproc€dure
    swingsinto action , . .
    C Compatry, 1st Battalion, 7th Gu*na Rifles (lrGR) is
    taskedto elimbate the hcusion, and is alocated 3 Royal Navy
    Wesse! helicopteN to assistwith deploym€nt. Tbr€€ platoon
    ambushesar€ laid, one of them boostedby t[e addition of the
    Company's attached Anilery FOO. A small party ftom
    Company HQ is eamarked to reinforce the rcbrc station.
    Unfortunately low cloud prevents the reinforcements being
    flown in, andthey hav€to s€toff on foot.
    The Indonesiansstrike fiIst. The rebro station is cannilysited sE32 RammsoDion b.x rhrc€ (2)
    in a very inaccessibl€positiotrandwell-protectedwith sandbag-
    ged emplac€ments,The signallershave been alerted and are P&P rS* upro l,0 (rin 50D) u.x. & BFm r0* ovk r20
    25% (d, el) Europ.
    very muchon the qui vive, so the enemycanachievelittle apan
    fiom a long'range shoot-up of the site with their LMGS and ROBINSONIMPORTS
    RPGS(rocket-grenadelaunchen). They withdraw after haf an 25PrincetownRoad,BangorCo. DownBT2
    hour, havitrgcausedonly one minor casualty. Telephone0247 47?460
    Unawarethat their presencehasbeen known for sometime,
    the Indonesianswithdrew quickly by the most direct (and most
    Fedictable) rcute, sacrificing stealth for speed. But the
    Gurkhas are aiready one step ahead. A well-practisedproce- The Barracks
    dure allows them to occupytheir ambushposition quickly and
    with little fuss. The bord€r her€ follows the line of a sizeable
    325Underhill Road
    dver, about 100 metres wid€, not deep or fast-flowing, but London SE229F,A
    dang€rousto crossbecauseof the inoeased visibility. This is
    whereihe Gurkhaslay one of their ambushes.
    o8r-299-4200
    lnter the sameday the Indonesiansenter the ambusharea. NewWargames
    shopjustopened
    in London,
    Weary after severalhoursof fast marchingand,with the river in wesock build,n!. from I.n weelk\. vilhse Creen andHoveh.
    K&MTree\. H! mlror enameland acilicpai;r.. Perrr P'sproduch.
    sight, falsely assumingthat they have made it back to saJety, fieure.liom Fdtasv ForeedJ Crentdier. ticure\ br Diron
    they pause to refill their water-bottles. At this moment the M,tu-atu, er andBarle Hondub Miniarurer.Dlu;bool,!: rule\ ano
    p a i n ' e dd m k ' D r . r r c n h o b b l g a m e N
    ..;poleonic.hip'fiom
    Gurkhas'LMGSandSLRSoDenuD. . . Sk\trex... lhilnrsetrloneerallrhetime.
    Do comeandvislit- openinghours
    BUXIT ]J
    Mondayto Saturday 9am-5.30pm

    TIIEGAME
    hdomsians l Seryeant Ml carbine
    l Corporal SMG
    2 LMG gunners
    6 Riflemen (2 also haveRPGS)
    British/Gurkhrs 1 Officer-SMc
    2NCOS SLR
    3 LMG or GPMG gunneN
    10Riflemen - SLR
    I Arti ery FOO- SMG
    I Arti ery signaller- SMG
    (1x 105mmPackHowitzer is on-call via the FOO)

    The ambushscenariocould be a bit one-sided,so for a more


    €venly-balancedgameI suggestallowing the Indonesiansto be
    backed-upby some suitable reinforcementspan way through
    the game. Perhapsthey could have set out hom a camp just
    29
    DERBYWARGAMESASSOCIATES
    PRESEI{T TIIE

    BATTLE HONOURS
    1993WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS
    Souh THEASSEMBLY ROOMS. DERBY
    Saturday 9th. & Sunday 10th. Octob€r 1993 from l0.00am each day.

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    acrossthe river, previouslyunnoticedby the British. This could Miniaturts. They are exc€llent!Som€of the figures with SLRS
    force th€ Gurkhas to conduct a hastywithdrawal of their own atrdM16swould be ouite useful for this Bomeo scenario.Even
    after springingthe anbush. Representingjungle terrain on the the M60 machine-gunwould passfor a Bdtish GPMG in 20mm
    wargametable caobe a bit tricky - hencethe choiceof a rather scale.The only thing I dislike about thes€figuresis that they ar€
    more open spot for the action to take place. (SeeMap 2). You alnost all modelledwith slungbandoliersfor M60 ammo, and I
    will needto usePost-1945skirmish-R?€rules;perhapsVietnam don't think the British Army used suchitems until the 1970's.
    nles might do. I use seFices of an umpire to assist with Th€ adventof SHQ is good newsfor Mod€m gahers andI hope
    recreatingthe elementof surprise. that in the not-too-distant future we will see them prcduce
    For figuresI suggestyou useitemsfrom the Plaloonm range. figores fo. som€ of the other conflicts less w€ll-known thal
    British troops can be well representedby the Australians for
    Vietnam. Paintedwith a touch morc tan in the flesh colour they
    would also pass for Gurkhas. As far as I know the only
    'purpose-made'Gu*ha frgure in 20mm scaleis the Skytrex's EPILOGI'E
    FireFight range (J690). For this gam€ you could of course The Bomeo Confrontation was concluded in August 1965,
    replac€the Gurkhas with British troops, figures for which are following a failed Communist coup in the previous Oclober
    more widely available basicallyanything bar€headedor in a which had led to Sukamo'sdownfall. Indonesiancasualtiesin
    judgle hat *ill do if painted suitably. In fact painting British the war s,ere appmximately590 k ed, 220 wounded aDdTI0
    forcesfor this scenariois ridiculously€asy- it's alnost all jungle captured- rougbly four times the British 68ures.The British,
    green- Conmonwealth and Gurkha troops who fought in Bomeo had,
    lndonesian Regular troops can be rcpresented by other after a shaky start, proved themselv€sto b€ superior to their
    figur€s from Plaiootr 20, like the Modem Ahrcatr Infantry in advenaries both taclically and strategicaly. Frustratingly for
    capsand certain items ftom the vietnam ranges.At leastsome them the 'war' never had a high profile and it wasmatry years
    of the Regulan wore a sort of speckledcamouflagelmiform. before Bdtain sawfrt to honour tfie chief architect of victory,
    nhe Datt€m was not unlike the Ww2 wafren-Ss sunmer GeneralWalker, with a Koighthood.
    camouflage).Para-militaryforcescanbe obtainedfrom a wider
    variety of sources,and should be painted itr various shadesof
    greento representtbef rather motley appearance.As an aside + SECOND HAND WARGAMES FIGT]RES
    5O,OOO
    here I would like to mention that one of th€ reasonswhy Alwaysin stock.All scales.Most manufacturers
    post-1945wargamesother lhan NATO-Warsaw Pact onesare SAE for liststo:
    few and fur-between is the scarcity of suitable figures, wilh A.J. Dumelow,
    Vietnam being a notable exception. Perhapssomeonewould
    like ro rectify tbis? 53StantonRoad,Stapenhill'
    As an afterthoughtI must saythat I havejust receivedsome Burton-on-Trent, StaIIs. DEIS
    samplesof th€ Australians for Vietnam produc€d by SHQ Telephone:(02t3) 30556
    30

    SIN.BINSAI\[DSTRAGGTERS
    Or: Desertersand Deaders
    Or: Cowardsand Casnaltles
    Or:WlmpsandWosnded
    Or:RetreaGaadRaftes
    (A secondoqrertneotal gamemechanlsm)
    by R.JamesOliver

    BACKGROIJND bearenaretherallying-points aroundwhicha batteredunit€an


    regroup,while the bandsmentulfill their traditionalrole as
    "To removeor not to rcmove, stretcherbearers.In addition,largenumbersofflag-wavers and
    Thatis the question. musicians arean impressive sightleadingmy (sadlyinfrequent)
    Whether 1is better to retum your fallen men to their victoryparadesl
    toolbox, My ruleslay enormousstresson unit cohesion- in fact, troops
    Or leavethem on the table, and keep tally on a bit of (with the partial exceptionof light infantry types used to
    paper?" operatingin open order) can do virtually nothing unless
    'formed'(i.e.musteredin a recognised formation- suchasline,
    One of the curent controversies in the wargamingworld is columnor square)and 'undercommand'(with a minimun of
    the lirde matterof casualtyrepresentation. On the one hand two officerc,a standardbearerand a musicianpresent- the
    removingfiguresfrom the table is quick and easy,relativ€ly latter to transmitthe forner's Orders).Baftalionsandregim-
    enor-free,and avoidspaperwork.On the other it givesaway ents which arc disorganisedand/or have lost their officers
    rather too much infomation about your units, and often cannot respondto Orders. A major aim of combat is to
    reducesthem .o an unrealisticallytiny size and ridiculous disorga[iseenemyunits,rendingthemincapableofcontinuing
    appearance (the'six-manbattalion'syndrome). the fight. (This can be as effective asphysicallydestroyingthe
    In my view,the problemliesa little deeper.Men killed- or unitinquestion,andis certainlymucheasiertoachieve.)
    woundedso seriouslyasto rcnder them horc de combat for the
    rcmainderofthebattle form only a fractionofthelosses aunit
    will sufferin action. BANG!YOU'RXDEAD
    To these categoriesof obvious casualtymust be added Or, perhapsnot. The normal artillery,musketry,and close-
    deserters, stragglen,the shell-shocked (althoughperhapsnot combatrulesareusedto determinewhichfiguresareconsidered
    recognised assuchin the eighteenthcentury),the stunned,the casualties andtheseare removedfrom the tablein muchthe
    exhausted.those whose musketshave becomefoul€d and usual*ay. They are not - however- simplyretumedto the
    requirecleaning,menwith minor injuriesableto retum to the toolboxor other storage,to play no furtherpart in the battle.
    line after a shon delaywhile their woundsare dressed,and Instead,an off-tableholdingareaor Sin Bin is esiablished for
    soldi€rshelpingtheirwoundedcomrades to therear-To model eachunit. (Thiscanbe considercd asacasualtyclearingstation
    "€asualties"- in the widest sense- accurately,therefore,
    or regimentalaid post, to use the terminologyof a later
    requiresall of these groupsto be taken into accountand confli€t.)The woundedarepla€edwithintheirunifs Sin-Binin
    represented on the tabletop (orin the rules). a line accordingto the order in whichthey were hit, earliest
    The remainderof this article is devotedto what happensafr€r casualtiesat the headof the queue.
    a soldieris ruleda €asualtyunderwhateverrulesarein use it At the endof eacbgamemove,a numberofthesecasualties
    canbe appliedto almostanysetofwargames ruleswhichcaters will be reated andretumedto the fightingline othen will be
    for individual Iigure removal. It provides for a constant found to have beenkilled in actionor will be assessed as so
    fluctuationin thenumberofeffectivefigureswith theColoursas severely woundedasto be unableto rejointhebattle whilethe
    menarekiled, wounded,or frightenedinto fallingoutof ranks remainderwill haveto wait a little longerfor assessment and
    - and as the lightly-wounded are treatedand return to their treatment.In other words, somefigureswill be returnedto
    placesin the line or asstraggle^ recovertheir nerve and rejoin actionwith their units othercwill be removedpermanently -
    and the remainder will stayin the queueuntil the end of the
    follo*ing move.Newcasualties arealwaysaddedto the rearof
    a queue,the pnncipleof'fifst-hit, fint-tr€ated'beingmainted
    TJNITORGANISATION (ratherconrrary to realmilitarymedicalpractice).
    ln lastmonth'sarticleI oudinedthe basisoftherulesI use.
    Infantry battalionsat full strengthconsistof a mounted
    colonel,four otherofficen (captains),two standardbearersor CASUALTYRECOVERY
    colou sergeants, four musicians, andforty-eightrank-and-file. (Whosaid,"SavingThrows"?)
    Cavalryregimentscomprisea colonel,three captains,two The first andperhapsmostunpleasant - taskof a regimental
    standardbearen,two musicians, andtwenty-fourtroopers.All surgeonduing battlewasto dividehispatientsinio thosewho
    figuresare individuallybasedand, not unnaturally,all cavalry might benefit from his effots (i.e. all officers,plus those
    aremounted.ln'Sin Bins',we areconcerned particularlywith nk and-filewhoseinjuriesappearedtreatableon th€ battle-
    the standardbearersandmusicians (drunmersin line infantry field)andtherest(whowereleftto taketheirchances). Despite
    units, buglersor pipersfor the rifles and light infantry, and the reformingzeal of Larrey, Percy,Mccrigor and the like
    trumpetersfor the horsemen)who haveno role at all in many withintheirmilirarymedicalestablishments, battlefieldsurvival
    wargames. Here- in historicallyaccurate
    fashion thestandard after a seriouswounddependedas muchon the courseof the
    battle (i.e. whethercomradescould be spared.o carry the
    casualtybackto the surgeon,and how manyothercaseswere
    awaitingtreatmentby the minimal numberof trained staff XCr)o
    available)ason the exactnatureofthe man'siniuriesandthe
    skill of individualsurgeons.In a numberof large Horse &
    OR.!goDS
    Musketbattles,somecasualties mostly,but not exclusively,
    from the losingside- spenttwo or eventhreedayslyingout in
    pRoa)rlcttoDS
    theopenbeforebeingcollected andcarriedtothe surgeon. (r5rrn Fisuret
    The Sin-Binsmechanism quicklysortscasualties into those
    whocanbe retumedto adion inshortorder,andthosewhoare
    ''permanent

    applicable
    losses"as{ar asthecurrentbatileis concerned (i.e.
    kill€d and seriouslyhurt). It is, therefore,primarilya system
    to table-topbattles but the "pennanentlosses"can
    non,fllraftl
    Ym'vc od theanidm- goodweer't thyl
    befurtherdividedinto variousgroupso{wounded for campaign SvyrtosLvendVl2dir0ihrvebfta lNiigly ft@t.d with a[ tle
    purposes afterthe loy soldiersandterrainhavebeenput away. sturnilg styleandattltioo to dehiltlrt lds b€.oneNilo.iatedvrith
    The followingrulesshouldbe appliedunil by unit at the end fisft! fron TWODMGONS Pbdatioor. Weh,venor€nla6e6
    of eachgamemove to eachbattalionor regimentwhich has pLued for tlh '|lg€ ln tlc nottoodhtr funlr€- b.t )o! clnt c.d,l
    casualties in its Sin-Bin.Shouldthe Sin-Binbe emptiedat any
    pdnt, the whole casualtyrecoveryprocessfor that unit is TIIE RUS
    i! dal !d qdlt j tsld,
    terminated{or that tum - there is no "caffy forward" to
    swhirs $cd, i! l.lod ed ru? $ui,
    lm.ht *id ![i.ld, {a t!d',
    subsequent tums, casualtyrecoverysimplypassesto the next Fiior ld. hnicJd, h q ltd RLF3 Wdir i! &co6d.6L. *itt

    We consider,firstly,thosecasualtieswho Mffiidt vftt sLnU ad sp@, RLr' shmi. Ru udr.p@@


    havebeenkilledin tumia rnh !!a 6d lad&.
    action,or diedshortlyafterwards,or who haveno prospectof RLEFshE!. Ru lm, ct4ils
    retumingto the firingline for the duration of the battle in fn&& in Eil, clBl ad teltr! ri$ Ld ad hst &sd,
    progress. Themostimportantfactorhereis theweightof atrack
    sufferedby their unit, on the basisthat forcesundergreatest coMING SOON!!!
    trLildwir, hodiryPitt A:mtetRuWa*rd.
    pressurewill not only suffermoredirectcasualties in termsof Pritue st.)dtosldo .h€ Qi@rl
    killed and seriouslywoundedbut will also a€cumulate more
    (Rt r - r0 ddlarL in t&iLr 4 r0 td tr.4o Pla Wt.€]t)
    stragglersofthe sortdescribedearlier. TheprincipleI haveused
    PRICEfor eblosue + 5 mpl6 lLm ($5.mU.S.witl4 ICR'
    is simplythat the heavierthe fightinga unit is involvedin, the
    greaterwillbe its permanentlosses.
    If a unit is in meleeat the end of a gamemove- roll one TWODRAGONS
    normalsix-sided die (D6) andremoveaspermanentcasualties
    the numberrolled, startingat the headof the Sin-Binqueue
    PRODUCTIONS
    (i.e. if a'3'is rolled,the first threefiguresarepermanently lost
    andremovedfiom the game).For eachenemyunit within its
    chargingdistance-remove onefurthercasualty asa permanent i??a
    loss.For eachenemyclose-order infantrybattalionor artillery Y$!D
    batterywithin shortmngefor its weapons- remo
    casualtyasa permanent loss,
    We consider,secondly,th€ unwoundedstragglersand lttiol }ll5 3eUr.hpho|r O2t26l | 00t
    potentialdeserters who may be persuaded to rctum to action 2t rn l*llC^ll Cltllu l tllltE llll
    (by one meansor anorher).The crucialfactorshere are the 54lhi,4ASSACfiL-SEIS Gdd€d) IEGr,E\r
    degreeof controlexcercised by the (remaining)officersandthe llJrCl||.ih ro|otr
    rallying-pointformed by the regimentalColours.Officers - 16rgu6 (Dto.') irrcrrhg lh€ir
    c€l€tol€d Coloo€l Rob€ltcd,{dShow
    furr€6 orsvomlr€da'd bos€dondco(I€win ol€ otOrlss'hmd
    including non-commissioned sergeantsand corporals not poinl€dltdg! 32t t5 Otr! post
    represented by actualfiguresin my organisation - enforcethe
    battle disciplineof a unit, and a mllying-point is both Jnto.l€ orhb nfflhs n64/i€lr$ tc oddlo oi.rirdgoviing l('EF or
    morale-boosting anda visible,physicalfeaturerequiredin the godlcis irli€ r/oEprns.
    smokeandconfusionofbattle. 0lrB ltfl o000tE I$ I(tmt
    RIIS0IRSEOO]qIO{ FAGS OFI/II/VI
    ANDW!z
    The followingonly applieswherethe unit is not in melee- L WWIKbgsilo€q€(Gffncn Boil6'1og)
    determinedstragglers *ould be unlikely to voluntarilyrush 2, W\r\zWdllen$ PolicefioO
    backto the Coloun dudnghand-to-hand fighting,andofficers 3. Wiz Gffnon s!'/osito
    wouldbe rathertoo pre-occupied with other rnatteisto force 4. Sold io€r R€dbodqornd rdn homms& sicte
    AllllogF 36'x54'Prhl€d bdn dd€s.Cdnpl€lB,.ilhbrosey€hb
    them.lfone coloursergeant orstandardbearerispresentwith Sl!,93 (imil€dslodi.
    the unit,thenfor ea€hofficerahopresent-one figurefrom the IOll ?lI|lE]lC.U. nrs Tllf lNI Onmscol€
    Sin Bin may return to the ranks.l{ two colour sergeants or 24monlntufy unltd I2 m('' colclryLrliirdxy gr0.
    standardbearersremain,thenfor eachoffi€erremaining-two hdEd bos€dor.dEod/ tu L!€.
    menmayrejoin.Suchfigures(taken,asalways,from the head ORo conpld€Dttim b onlytt{.
    Sraiellorn'orSoJlh0.dudngZq)o,s)
    ofthe Sin-Binoueue)mustbe returnedinbase-to-base contact ou qutoE$moot
    with a colour sergeantor standardbearer.For example- a h no, op€nRIDAY 6 r€11osSAruROAY Iocrnio @n |\lowod250
    cavalryregimentwith three officersand a standardbearer sqrsejaotordFployo€o,aE on€'€.grovrir€|crrg€ol son'eotlil€
    presentcouldr€covera maximumof threestragglers, whilean frlostsuQomos il€fi6on1i€mo'l€t(ondo f€€ oip ofcofl€€)
    q IAIOOU!olrYIQ h darF
    infantrybattalionwith four officersandboth coloursergeants
    couldre€overup to eightfigures(assuming, lb^/nn ingloo,sm pog6 ptusoilol€stzhlbt
    in eachcase,that
    f l OtDll Al ci€q.Esshojd b€n|ocl€pq rblsircM.Wl{L
    sufficienlcasualties remainedin the Sin-Bin). boopodd loi mh25p nrcr93
    Thirdly, we considerthose men who are quite lightly (c) For eachenemyfte unit within short-range,lake one
    woundedandwhocanbetreaiedquicklybya surgeontsemi-or
    un-skilledassistantand relurned to the firingline; minor 2. Stragglers returningto the ranks-unitsnot in melee.
    injuries :night includeflesh woundsftom bullet grazesand (a) Ifone standardbearer/colour sergeantpresent,recover
    non-penetrating sword€uts,bruisesfrom musketbutts(prob- prcsent.
    one casualty perofficer
    ably inflictedby the man\ own comradet, and powderbums
    (ditto). I havechosenthe numberof bandsmenasthe crucial (b) Ifboth standardbearers present,recovertwo casualties
    {actorhere- themoreslretcherbearenthere are,themoremen per officerpresent.
    will be treated. 3. Lightlywoundedrejoiningranks- unitsnotin melee.
    Again,thispartof themechanism appliesonlywherea unit is For eachbandsman present,recoveronecasualty.
    not in melee in sucha situation,everynan capable(wounded
    or otherwise)wouldbe activelyfightingfor his life. For every 4. Officersreturningto theirunils.
    musicianwith the unit, one further casualtyfigure may b€ For eachofficerremaining roll oneD6, the officerrejoins
    retumedtotheranksftom the Sin-Bin. on a scoreoI4 0r more,
    The final point to be takeninto accounthereconcernsany
    ofiicerfiguresremainingin the Sin-Binafter the stepsabove tutilerJ, Pioneer,and other Units . , ,
    have been completed.Theseare officerswho have become 1mPermanent losses.
    separated from the mainbodyof theirtroops,perhapsto rally
    stragglenor duringa melee.with certainexceptions (Mister (a) tfwithin chargedistance orshort-range,takeoneloss.
    Flashman,for example)holdersof the King\ Commission (b) lf in melee,takeoneloss.
    couldbe expectedto makerathergreatereffortsto rejointheir
    units than'tcum enlistedfor the drink'. Roll one nornal 2. Stragglers returningto the ranks-unitsnot in melee.
    six-sided die (D6) for eachofficer.andreturnhimto hismenon lf rallying-pointformed.recoveronecasually.
    a scoreof four or more;on lesserscores,simplyleavethe figure
    in the Sin-Binuntil the nextturn. 3. Officersrejoiningtheirunits.
    For eachofficerremaining roll oneD6, the officerrqoins
    on a scoreof4or more.
    GUNI{ERS, SAPPERSAND OTHERS
    Sin-Binscanbe appliedto troopsof all arms,but in a slighdy Allunits...
    modifiedfashionfor artillery,engineerandotherunitswhich 1. Routing.
    at leastin wargames generallyhavea smallercomplement If unil routs,allcasualties
    arelost.
    than infantry battalionsand cavalryregiments.My typical 'under
    batteryhasa mountedcolonelplustwogun'crews,eachofone 2. Retreatingoff-table command'.
    officer(captain)andsevenmen.Apioneercoryshasa mounted If a unit retreats roll one D6 per casualty,rccoverand
    colonelplustwoplatoons,eachofacaptainandeightmen. relurn to (off-table)unit on scoreof 3 or morei otherwise
    SuchunitstakeapermanentlossofonemanfromtheSin-Bin
    if within short-rangeweaponsdistanceof any enemyclos€-
    order infantryor artilleryunit at the end of a turn, plus one 3- Surrendenng.
    furtherlossifin meiee(i.e- a maximumlossoftwo figuresper If a unit surrenders roll one D6 per casualty,recoverand
    tum). If the unit hasa rallying-pointof one officerplusa gun return to unit (as prisonerof war) on scoreof 4 or morei
    (artillery)or tool wagon(sappers),then one casualtymay be
    recovered. Any remainingofficersin the Sin-Bincanbe diced
    forinthe samewavasfor infantrvandcavalrvofficers.
    NOTES
    1 Allcasuahiesare lakenfrom the headofthe Sin-Binqueue
    FINALPOINTS torejoin theirunitsoraspermanent losses.
    lf a unit routs, all casualtyfigures in the Sin Bin are 2 . All newcasualties join the rearoftheir unit'squeue.
    permanently lost.Ifa unitretreatsofflable 'undercommand'.a 3 . If the Sin-Binis emptiedpart-waythrougha turn, go on to
    D6 is rolledfor eachSin-Binfigure;a scoreof threeor more thenexrunit;thereisno"carry forward"tosubsequent tums
    returnsthe casualtyto the ranks this maybe importantwhen of recoveriesor losses-
    fightingcampaigns but the remainingcasualties are lost. If a
    unit sunenders,a D6 is rolled for eachcasualtyfigure; the
    figureisreturnedto itsunit (asa prisoner)for a scoreof four or SOURCES ANDFURTHERREADING
    over- but otherwiseis lost. Charye!otHoh,o PlayWarganer,J.P.LawfordandP. Young,
    Morgan-Grampian Books(1967),AthenaBooks(1986).
    SUMMARY Thewat Game, ChattesGrant,A & C Bla€k( 1970).
    END OF TURN ACTION FOR EACH UNIT TheFaceof Battle,IohnKeegan, JonathanCape(1976).
    The A ol warfarc in the Ase of Ndpoleon,Gunth€r E.
    Q. Do€sunit havecasualtiesin its Sin-Bin? Rothenberg, Batsford(1977).
    I{no, go to nextunit. TheSharpEnd, JohllEllis,Windrow& Creene( 1980,1990).
    Ifyes, continuebelow. Foth,ardInto Baule,PaddyGriffith, Antony Bird Publications
    Infanhy and CaYalryUnits . . . (r981).
    1. Permanent losses,
    G) Ifin melee roll oneD6, score= losses-
    ( b ) For eachenemyunit within chargedktance,take
    "IT WASTERRIBTE
    CONFUSION"
    33

    The 4th (Gratds) Brtgadeat Vlfiers-Cotterets


    l September
    1914
    By David.BicHey
    INTRODUCTION they snatchedwhat rest they could.Their intent wasto wait
    until thosetwo Brigadeshadretireda safedistanceandthento
    In an earlierarticlein this short seriesI exploredthe action continuewith their own withdrawal.The first lisht ofthat dav
    fought by 'L' Battery Royal Ho$e Artillery at Nery on I saqa lhickmis!overtheCuards'posirionsin fieidsto rhenonh
    September 1914,whichsobadlymauledGeneralvoncamier's of theforestwheretheyhaddugshallowfiring positions.
    forcethattheGermanadvance in thatcriticalsectorwasblinded By a little after 0630 the mist had begun to lift. Those
    for severaldays.On thatsameday,but severalmilesto theeast Guardsmen in thetrenches couldmakeout ho$emena€rossthe
    of Nery, wasfoughta largerengagement by the 4th (cuardo field of stubblewhich they occupied.They were cerman
    Brigadewhoweretulfillingthetunctionanddutiesof rearguard horsemenwho werenot thoughtto be in the immediatearea.
    to the SecondDivision-Theywereto find themselves opposing The Guardsmen openedfire at a rungeof over1,000yardsafld
    the unexpected southwardthrust of vofl Kluck's army, as it the Geman cavalrywereforcedto makea hastywithdrawal. At
    deviatedeven further from the principleslaid down in the first it seemedthat thesecavalryhad beenmerelyan isolated
    SchlieffenPlan,ina vainattemptto closewith anddesrroywhat unit engagedin scoutingin advanceofthe mainGermanforce
    he believedwere the brokenremnantsof the Franco,British andno freshtroopswereseen.The Guardsmen occupyingthe
    armies.To accomplishthis erd vonKluckhadcrossed theAisne forward positions had begun to executethe order to withdrav,r
    in force and wasmovingsoutheastar an angleto the line of on theforest,in linewiththeoverallscheme for the rerirement,
    retreatofthe Bitish ExpeditionaryForce,hopingto rea€hthe whentheirpositioncameunderheavyenemyshellfire. As they
    Mamecrossiflgs andChateauThierry. withdrewundet fire they couldseea massof enemyinfantry
    Not only wasthisadvancebluntedar Nery by the actionsof movinginlo positionfor an attack.
    'L'Battery, but only a fewmilesturthereasrward,
    at Crepy,the In the forest the denselypackedtrees made it dark and
    13thInfantryBdgade{oughtan actionwhichhalredthe thrusr
    hinderedmovementand observation.The cuardsmenof 3
    of fiveJagerbattalionsattached to Marwitz'sCavalryCorpsand Coldstream and2 Grenadiers formedtheirdefensive linealons
    wasabletocontinueitsretirementcovercdbya rearguard ofthe Lhe cresl ol lhe ridge running rhrough the foresr. Lakini
    RoyalWestKents.Sone tenmilesfurthereastward still laythe advantage ofa ndewhichranalongthecrestandprovidedsome
    routeof the 4th (Guards)Bigade as it €overedthe conrinued advancedwarning
    of enemyapproaches and a field of fire,
    retirementof the SecondDivision. The Brigade was nor thoughrather
    foreshortened. The remainingGuardsmenof I
    expectedto seeactionduringthatdaybut founditselfartacked Irish and2
    Coldstream deployedfurtherto the northalongthe
    by a largeforceof all arms,the advanced guardofThird Corps edgeofthe wood
    oppositethevillagesof VivieresandPuiseux.
    andthe S€condandNinth CavalryDivisions-ln thisacrionthe Thesepositionswould
    be the first to comeunderheavyattack.
    Bigade wassupportedby 9th andl?th Batteries. As casualtiesmountedthe Irish Guardswereforcedbackfrom
    TheErentsofI Seplember theirpositionthroughthe Coldstreams andGrenadiers-
    On the momingof I Septernber t9l4 the 4th (Guards)Brigade The difficultiesfacingboth sidesin the fight shouldnot be
    comprised 2ndGrenadierCuards,2ndColdstream Guards,3rd lightly dismissed.Few contemporarymilitary textbookshad
    Coldstream Guards,andthe youngestguard regiment,1sr trish muchto sayon theproblemsattendaflton deployingabattalion
    Guards.The Brigade,commanded by GeneralScott-Kerl,was ibr actionor manoeuvring in suchclosedconditions.All along
    a part of the SecondDivisionunderthe commandof ceneral theirfront the Guardsmen hadto contendwithintersections of
    Monro,itselfapart of FirstCorpsunderHaig- ridesandclearings givingincompletefieldsof fire rangingfrom
    During ihe proceedingtwentyfour hoursthe two wingsof ahundredyardsto a fewfeer.All thattheywereabletodowas
    First and SecondCorps had ar last made contacton their to deploydetachments ro look for theenemydownthe rides,to
    converging linesof retirement,muchto the reliefof Frenchar clustermoremenaroundtheclearings andto look to theirftont
    headquarters. He wasto befurtherhearren€d by ihe evenrsofI throughthe thickforeslandwait.
    SeDtember. Suddenlyth€ enemyappeared andopenedfire, having€rept
    The smallmarkeitown from whichthe actiontook its name. up underthe denseslcoverto within feet of the Coldstream's
    Villers-Cotterets. lay to the soulh of a denseareaof forest posilion-Theywereallaroundthepositionandthefirewrs very
    crossedand recrossedby rides and scarteredwith €learings, heavy.To their right the Grenadienhad a more favourable
    difficultterrain.omoveandfightover,with fieldsoffire fordfle positionandcouldseethe enemyapproaching their tuont.The
    and machine-gun contrastedwith densegrowth to conceal Germans haddraggedup a machinegunandwerefiringstraight
    movementand aid surprise.The foreslitselflay acrossa long down the ride into the Grenadier'sposition.The situation
    low ridge.Furtherro the northofthe forestlaya valleyin which seemedto suggest thattheirpositionwasrhreatened from both
    weretherollingfieldsandmeadows of farrnlandstrerching away the front andthe left flank. Withdrawalin suchcircumstances
    to the horizon-h wasacrossthisterrainandthroushthe forest would have been very risky; to stay seemedto invite being
    rharSecond Divi$onhadrerrred. Acros rhis'amarerrarn now overwhelmed;to counter'attacks€emedfoolhardy in the
    camevon Kluck'sThird Corps.Betweenthe two forcesstood extreme.Yel a counter-attack was stagedand to the desired
    the forestand4th (Guards)Brigade.Movingfron westto east effectof reducingthe pressureon the positionand savingthe
    the battalionscompdsingthe4th (Guards)Brigadeweredrawn
    up; 3rd Coldstream.lst lrish. 2nd crenadier, and 2nd The counter'attack wasmadeby NumberFour companyof
    Coldstream. the Grenadierswith fixed bayonets!In sucha situationthe
    In iheearlyhoursofI Septemberthe 5thand6lhBrigadesof bulletwaslesseffectivethancold steel.Takenby surpise the
    SecondDivisionhadpassed throughthe cuards'positionwhite enemywerethrownbackin disorder,althoughtheir ma€hine,
    for a dawnstart.Theywereto marchtwentytwo mil€sthatday,
    the hottestof the retreat.

    WARGAMINGTIIE ACTIONSAT
    VILLERS-COTTERETS
    The player(s)wishingto r€createthe a€tionfoughtby the 4th
    Y . t ' f \ ,
    /nUtrr-t- (Guards)Brigadecanchoosefroma numberofoptions ofgame
    )t rn type, eachwith its own challenges andrecommendadons. For
    thosereaderswhomaywishtorecreatethewhol€ofthe action
    i n \rA on the tabletop,the accompanying map showsthe general
    terrainfeatureswhichwill needto berepresented. Thetabletop
    "Q: will needto havetheopenareasofcountryside
    andthesouthofthe forestareareDresenred.
    to boththenorth
    Thiswill meanrhat
    the initial German attack againstthe right of the B.E.F.
    position,whichdrove the Brigadefrom their initial positions
    backinto the forestarea,canform the firstphaseof the game.
    The representation of the opencoufltryside ro the southoftbe
    forestareawillgiveplayerstheoptionoffightingthroughto rhe
    Ih.4rh (Gu.rd.) Brlsde.t Vlll*.-Cotobis, final stagesof the action, the withdrawalof the Brigade's
    t S.Ptsnbor 191{. survivorsto continuewith the retreat,underthecoverof Sixth
    gun did extract a heavy price from the attacke$. As the Brigadeandits artillerysupports.
    remnants of Number Four company struggled to regain the The representation of the forestareain whichthe confused
    ridge they left behindheavycasualties. This actionhad the main actiontook placeposesmore problemsfor the rabletop
    effect of reducing the inmediate pressureand danger for the generals.There will need to be a sufficientnumberof tree
    Grenadiersandwould later allowthem ro withdrawfrom the modelspresentto evoketheclosednatureofmuchofthe forest.
    forest asthey had serout to do. The areashouldbe €rossedbyridesbothalongthe north-south
    Further to their right the edemy had suffered heavy axisand the east-west axisto provideavenuesfor movement,
    casualties; not only from the Guardsmen,but alsohom their fieldsof fire, andlinesfor defence.Theareamustbe sufficiently
    own side.In the confusionof the denseforestand heavyfire closedto leadto possibleconfusioflin identificationof figures,
    ftom unexpe€led sources manyGermanunitshadfiredon their to hampermovement andmanoeuvre, andtoallowfor surpise.
    own tloops. However, weight of numbercmeant thar the lfthe playersenjoythe services ofan umpire,thenhistaskwill
    B gadehad to continue to give ground and retire through the be to providethe elementsof confusionanduncertaintywhich
    forest,makingwhatusetheycouldof the ddesandclearings to characterised the action.If a figuremodelscaleof 15mm(or
    facilitatemovementand hold up the eremy.The lossesin the smaller)is chosenthen the numberof tree modelsneededto
    Brigadewere over 300all ranks,includingtwo companies of simulatethe forest area will be rnuch increased,with a
    Grenadiers lvho,surrounded. rcfusedto surrenderandwereall comparableincrease in thepotentialfor confusionandfailureto
    killed,manyothenwerefaintwith hungerandthint havinghad identifyenemytroopformations.
    nothingsincebreakfast. Thefinalstagesofthewithdrawalwere Forthosegamenwhodonotwishto recreaterhewhole ofthe
    coveredby Sixth Brigade,who themselves sufferedover 150 actioflanaltemativeformatmayprovidethesolution.Itmayb€
    casualties.In theirtum theGermanssufferedveryheavylosses, expensive 10 stagethe wholeactionin 25mmor 20mm(using
    compoundedby many formations losing all senseof direction either the figuresof WargamesFoundryor Britannia)bur a
    and wanderingoff from the main action or firing on friendly skirmishactionmaybemoretothe point,andlessdamaging on
    units. th€pocket- or domesticharmonyl
    On clearingthe forestthe Brigade'ssurvivorsweredrawnup In sucha situation,the tabletopneedonly represenra small
    and then withdrawn to Boursonne where thev DreDared areao{the action,perhapsthe chargestagedby Nunber Four
    rrenches andloop-holedwallsLocoverrle wittrCrawai oiS Lh companyof the Grenadierswhichheld up the Germanattack
    Brigadeandtheir two supportingBatteries.Thesepreparations and enabledthe Brigade'selemertsto exit thei precarious
    $ere completedby aboutsix in the eveningwithout any real positionin the forest.Perhapseachfigure or smallgroup of
    alarm,althoughthe appearance of somecavalryto their l€ft figur€scouldbe allotedto individualplayen,with the ce.man
    causedalarmuntiltheywereidentifiedasthe ScotsGreys! figuresbeingcontrolledby theumpire,orby oneor moreother
    playe$,asin a clubsituation.
    In an umpire-controlled gameit wouldbe possibleto have
    AFTERWORD only a snall numberoffiguresin sightat anyonetime,perhaps
    By earlyeveningtheSixthBrigadeandtwo bafleriesof artillery evento haveeachplayer and his figure or smallgroup of figures
    which had halted the German advanceon the southemedseof on a separateplayingarea.Suchan areacouldbe a singletile,
    the foresr had relired rhrough rhe Brigade\ posirio; In suppliedby a manufacturersuchas TSS. The umpirecould
    Bounonne,followedfinallyby 2 Coldstream. controltheactionsofthe Germanfiguresoneachrable,with the
    Notuntil afterten
    at night did the GrenadiersreachDivisionalHeadqua(ersat addedadvantageof hiddenor map movement,ratherlike a
    Thury, havingfought a battl€ of greatferocity andthennarched ches\Grandmaner in a simultaneous challenge.
    fourteen miles without food. There were no suppliesat Thury, The player(or playen)takingon therole of theB.E.F. units
    the Headqua(ershavingbeenmovedsomefour milesfurther involvedthusfacesa numberof potenrialgamemechanismsand
    southtoBetz.Afteractionalmostborderinsoninsubordinationstyles, each providing for action and difficult chalenges at
    by Major Jefties the Guardsmenfinalyharched one more different levelsand invoking differing skills. To thosefor whom
    mile to a rationdumpandtook their rations.By midnightthey spaceand/orcost might be an issue,particularlyif they are
    werefedandthensleptuntil two in themorning.Theyhadto be comingftesh to the period, then the smallerscalefiguresor rhe
    up andon the movethenif theywereto join up wirh the othen skirmish type gamewould at first recommendthemselves.To
    K&MTrees
    are now olfering a direct order
    M.O.serviceonall products.
    Pleasesendlarge S.A.E.for colour
    brochures& priees.
    Minimun order:f,5. Ordersoverf,10postfree.
    Postnge15VoOwrseas40Vo.
    4 North Street . Beaninster . Dorset DT8 3DZ
    TeL 0308863420

    Painrinsservices
    #EfiFlflE*
    Yourwargame painted
    figurines to
    collector's
    andwargame/s standard.
    SendSAEforDricelistanddetails.
    C- Kimczak 1, DunwoodCoun, SoynValleyRoad
    Maidenhead,Berts. SL6,UE Te| 062S-2S99;

    the establishedgamerin the GreatWar period,the choicewill


    dependmoreon availabilityof figures,costof additionalunits,
    and preferencefor game structureand type. Any player
    choosingtorepresentall or mostofthe actionin 25mmor20mm
    scalewillprobablyneedatableareaofarleast6'x 6', unlessthe
    movementandweaponnnges areto be scaleddown to conform
    to availabl€space.

    POSTSCRIPT
    In placingthis short seriesof actions,fought by units and
    MII.I.ART
    (Establshed1982)
    formationsofthe BritishExpeditionaryForceduringrhe early A PEnSONII QUAIITYSERVICE
    FORrsma &
    monthsof the *ar, before the wargamerI have hoped to 25mmWLRGAMETIGURES OF.trNYERA
    demonstratethat the early period of the conflict has much to Rerdy p€jrred lsm lsM, lsml 25m ?5m.
    offer the tabletopplayerandneednot involvevastnumbersof F6i x0.?0 to,@ fl,20 fl.50 tr.?s t2.50
    figuresandmassive playingareasbeyondthescopeofallbut the lt'louted 11.40 ll.60 t,io t3.00 t3.50 t5.00
    .NAIOLEOMC & S.Y.W aIGIJRES"CONNOTSSSUR STII{DI.RD
    weallhiestor mostfortunategamer.I believethat the actions I]l pdes includerhe @sl otthe 6sEe
    fought and recorded in numeroushistories can provide lainrings4ice lstffi lsm' lsm' 25M 25m'
    Fd t0.55 t0.6s fl.m fl,10 ,30 t?.(x)
    stimulatingchallengesand interestingexperiencesfor the Mour€d t1,10 30 e2,00 l?.m $,@ t4.00
    qNcernngwargamer, Y@ provide the 6aus
    In promotingthisperiodto youI wouldwishyouto recallthat OrdsB dd trm 5%dis@ql
    Orde6 o€r 1200l0% disffi1
    battlesfoughtwith modelsoldiersandequipmentharmno-one, OrdeF@rtl00l5% dis.ou{
    whilst the situationswe study and recreatein miniaturc
    devasaated families,communitiesand whole nations for a
    SI'PERBVAI,I'E!!
    generation or morein reality.I do not offertheseactionsto you
    Essexlsmm painted artny packs**'
    By popurarde!@d thesemies de tw aEilable Fnn{
    to glorify the conflict, althoughmany individualsand units ro Cotui$N ed Nomal sra<latds. Oferihs a hisn€r Ere
    coveredthemselvesin lasting gloiy, but as a chanceto
    contemplate yhat theold regulararmywentthroughbeforeits
    virtualdestruction ,109.95 It69.95
    by the endof the FirsrBattleofYpres. t99.95 tl69J5
    Wargamerscould so easily distancethemselvesfrom the real PAl rxD lsttE:f, D.B.t-t
    situations fromwhichtheyderivetheirscenarios andsofa€ethe AEilable at Comd*E ard Nomar srarddG,
    dangerof appearingto the disinterested outsiderto be either MAII, ORDER
    glorifying war or merelyindifferent to its suffering.A visit to the - Lrs€ S.S.AE.,€lalos@ aftl sples 5 6$1cLs rmp., a nrdrer 5 fite
    classslmps ror D,BI" lisls :wi'iM 15.50
    war memorialof anyvillage or town or perhapsthe oppo(unity PGrase & Pactaqinq 1096, Mhinm 50p,MariM 15,50
    to stand within th€ Menin cate will atlow the senuine Otnd alis.dlts rlo tul apply b rh& Epeial otrei
    wargamerer lo recalltharour hobbydoesnor recreata warin SSIBBLEBANN.
    miniature,ratherit enablesus to explorethe militaryscience CAI'TTI,LAC& PENZf,NCE,
    fiom a rafe vanragepoinL.It is a hobbywhichcangive us so CORNWAI,I,
    much;friends,travel,goodcompany,a life long interest,and Tel 0?36?31236
    .OU&TIY6 STTNDARD'
    seative satisfaction,andwithoutanyrisk to ourselves, except
    perhapsour wallets!
    36

    IMITATIONFOREIGN
    DEVILS
    TheErrcnVlctortous
    Atmy 1860-1864
    PartTwo
    by Ian Heath
    Colourplzte by Michael Perry
    TIIE RIVER.BOATTLEET havetheirboFgunstakenout andbeusedinsteadastnnsports
    and floar;ngbridge5 relaining on board only a sufftiienl
    As Wilson dghtly observed,'after the artillery, the mosr numberof handsto act assteelsmen, whilethey arerowedby
    important part of the force wasthe flotilla which belongedto it, the steamers or trackedby the soldiers.'zHowever,this may
    and which was composedof sreamersand Chinesegunboats. not havebeencarriedout, and cordon still recordsthem as
    Each of the former was quire equal to 3,000men in a country armed in his time - when there were 40 or 50 of them - with a
    suchasthat wherethe force had to act.' The Taipings' principal 9-pdror 12-pdrbow-gufl(Wilsonsaysa 6-pdror g-pdr,and
    military commander, the Chung Wang, went so far as to observes that'thoughnot muchusedby the force,theseguns
    attribute his defeat in the Soochowarea almost exclusivelvto were of great service, when in numbers, to the co-operating
    the EVAs paddle-sreamers, and Cordon considered ihe Impe alists, by finng with gape'). cordon nevertheless
    monle effect of just one to be equal to 10,U)0men. Lindleyrr recordsthat they couldcarry 40,50men each,'thus enabling
    wrote that a single steamerwas 'more effective than a qreat 2.000inlanlry to be mo\ed by waLerwith celeriry rn any
    army in rhe 6eld and$at t}|edreadinspiredby the sletners
    wasalwaysfatal to everyTaiping position they attacked'..Even Detailsof the rest of the EVAt fleet are alsoDrovidedbv
    the boat's steam-whistleseemsto hav€ done sood servi€ein Wilson. who lisr! r\lo large siege gunboars.four targi
    frighteninglbe Taipings.remrks wihon, moir of whombad ammunition-boats and eightlargecoveredboats,'eachwith a
    heardnothingofthekind before;andit maybe inaginedhow gunmountedat thebows',codon statingthatthercwere€ight
    geat musthavebeenthe effecton theiruntutorcdmindsof this or ten of the last, capableo{ carrying sufficient rice andpork to
    fiery dragon coming shrieking down in the darkness,r,rith the feedthe entireforcefor 10-12days.Hake tellsus rharfor the
    glaring eye of its green and blue lights, and its horible expeditionto Liyang in March 1864the assembledflotilla
    discharges of grapeandshells.' comprised the Ht'son, three large boats each with a slide-
    Ward had ac.ess to a considerable number of steamers mounted24-pdrhowitzerin the bows,anotherboarmountinsa
    through his brother Henry's mercantilecontacls,either buying l2-pdr andfour lighrerboatseachmounlinga 4r.' howiuer..;U
    or chanedng up to a dozen, these being the Bo-pesp, of whichwere plankedin so as to prevenrbeingfired into by
    Confdus, Cricket, Hyson, Kajotr, Martin White, Paoshun, musketry',plus20Chinesegunboats.
    Pluto, Rose,Ta-H|9a,Wi iametE andZingari,^ll descibed as There were inevitably some disadvantagesto the use of
    'well-armedandfit for transport'. Of them all steameE,not Ieast of which was that in the flat Kianesu
    the flyro, wasthe
    most fo.midable, an iron side-wheelpaddle-steaner90ft long landscape rheycouldbe detectedcomingfrom a considera-ble
    by 24ft wide accordingto Gordon (Mayers says80ft by 16ft) distanceon accountof their smoke'belching funneh.Though
    capableof 8 knots and drawing at most 3-4ft of water, which someof themcouldlowertheseit wassrill oftennecessarv fot
    enabledher to crossthe mostshallowlakesandwaterways; so bridgesrnd similarimpedimenlson rhecanahto bedisma;tled
    rcbustwasher construction, in fact,that herside-wheels could in advanceto allowtheir free progress.In additionrheywere
    even 'walk' her across mud-flats! She cafied a 32-pdr on a unwieldlyto steersoneededto be accompanied by a land-force
    movingpladorm in the bow and a 12-pdrhowitzer(Mayerssals to ensuretheirsafetyif theygroundedin theshallowwaterways.
    a 24-pdr) in the stem, as did at least the Zingari and (in Nevertheless the onlyknownattemptby Taipingsto capturean
    Gordon'stime) the Fifefu, but othersteamers mayhavebeen isolatedsteamerin action(theHFon ) failedin thefaceofahail
    lessheavilyarmed-the faiop, forinstance,hadonly a 12-pdr of gtape,thoughforeignersin Taipingpaydid manageto seize
    bow-gun. Wilson also rccords of the l{fron that 'a loopholed severalfrom Shanghaior Quinsanon their behalf at different
    protection of elm planing ran round the bulwarksto the height times,including the Ka./bw,Fircfiy a Tsatlee.
    of six feet, and the steam-chestswere protecred by a timber
    traverse',andHakesaysthat the wasrenderedlike a movable THEEVER-!TCTORIOUS AT NINGPO
    fort'; but Mayers speaksonly of 'a few planks canied up Ward sent 21,600 EVA troops ro garrison Ningpo in May 1862,
    laterallyfor somefeetforeandaJtof herpaddle-boxes'. Lindley this force eventuallyb€comingindependentof EVA command
    provides the extra useful details that EVA steamerswere as the Ch'ang-anChnn (the 'Ever-Secure' or 'Ever-Pacifying
    'white-paintedand low in the water'. The iilsor\
    crew, whi€h Army'). The exactcourceof its evolution,however,is not
    candoubtlessbe taken as gpical of the steamers as a whole, entirely clear from the sources.Wilson tells us thar as soon as
    comprisedfour foreigners(captain,mate,engineerandanillery Ningpowasrecapturedit wasagreedwith the local rdoraithat a
    officer, the last sometimesa Chinaman)and 34 Chinese(four Chinesedisciplinedforceof 1,000menshouldbe raisedfor the
    stoken,ten gunnenand20sailors). defenceof the city, as it was inrimated that Ward would soon
    Wh€n the EVA was restructured in consequenceof the requirehismenat Shanghai', the intentionbeingthatthisforce,
    Li-Staveley agreement only two steamers- the llFor? and rearedundertheauspices ofth€ EVA'Scommander at Ningpo
    Zingari - werc rctairrcd, but these were gradually augmented (initiallyMajor Morton, but for mostof the periodthereafter
    under Gordon by the acquisitionof the Firel], the ?sadeeand Major Cooke), would be transferred to EVA control once
    one or two othe$, In additionAlabaster'sreportcondemned train€d.Wihon saysmostof therecruitscameIromChusan,but
    thefleetof32 Chinesegunboatsandtheir400crewmenwhich, Jen" and Cahill state respecrivelythat the nucleusof the force
    thoughattachedto the force, had 'invariably steadilyrefusedto was provided by some 300'geen-headed'(i.e. rurbaned)
    do anythingfor it'. It wasthereforeproposedthattheseshould bravesled by ChengA,fook, a Britishconsularemployee,or
    37
    100EVA left at Ningpo whenForresterretumed to Shanghaiir Ningpot city guard well into the 1870s,when Thompson'a
    October.The foreign officersseemedto have been largely provides us with th€ usetul information that this company
    English(thoughCooker{assaidto be an American),while a includeda Chineselieutenant,sergeant-major, two corporals,
    dozen Royal Marineswerc appointedinstructorsto its six two lance-corporals,artillery sergeantand artillery corporal as
    infantrycompanies (r50m€nea€h)andsingleartillerycompany well as two foreign officeE (Cooke and his second-in-
    (100 men). Despitethe fact that it contradi€ishis earlier
    statementregardingthe force's origrn wilson elsewheresaysit
    wasnot until theendof Decemberthat'therewasa respectable
    forcereadyto takethe field', but it seemshighly probablethat TACTICS
    the EVA contingents from Ningpothat saw actionat Yuyao Most of the EVA'S fighting was against fortified Taiping
    (1,000inen, 1-2August),Fungwha(1,000rnen,9-10Oclober) positions, where
    the key to its successwas superior firepower
    and under Cooke at Shang-yu(700 men, 27 November) and the mobility provided by its steamen, transports and
    includedelementsofthis newly-raised battalion,whichWilson portablebridges.The ChungWangwrotethat their odslaught
    himself(stilldescribing it as'Ward'sforce')sayswasinqeased 'wasveryfierc€,andtheyusuallyaccomplished theirworkin 10
    10'1,?|{)0 bayonets'inOctober-Lindleystatesthatit comprised to 12 hours. Their gunswere exceedinglypowerful and every
    I,500menby 1863,but the North ChinaHeraldof7 Feb ^ry one of their shotstook effect. They would fiIst open fire along
    1863mentionsonly 1,000and an official rcport of 19 May their lineandthenundercoverof thiswouldmakea bold dash
    confims that it was agreedbetweenthe Britisb and Chinese for the city.'Wu Hsii recordedtha. the point of attackwas
    authoritiesthat the Iorce'shouldbe keDtat 1.000menunless caretully selectedin advance,and that the infantry attack was
    morewererequired'. madewith one foreign officer oI eachcompanyin ftont and the
    In Burgevine'stime the Ningpoforce is rccordedas being otherbehind.Other sources tell us that companies
    wereoften
    'also under his command'and certainlyEVA troops were
    thrownout on the flanksof the attackasskimishers.whilethe
    ternporarilywithdrawn ftom Ningpo to Sungkiangat the end of mainassaultforce'pushedon beautifullyandin excellentorder
    1862in preparationfor the proposedbig pushon Nanking,the Irom cover to cover', until they had stolen up to within a
    North ChinaHe A of 31 January1863statingthat only 'a hundredyardsof the breach,whenthey 'madea mostgallant
    portion'ofthesetroopswercsentback.It appearsto havebeen rush,
    cheeringin the Englishmanner'.The Taipings- would
    at this juncture that the EVA and the Ningpo force were finally attempttorepulsetheattackby manningthe breachonly asthe
    separated. Cookewascertainlystill anEVA Major in February, attackwentin, but the EVA gunswere usuallyplacedsoasto be
    but when describing the Ningpo force's involvement in the able to pour grapeand shellsinto thet ranks until the very last
    attacks on Showshingthe following month Hake states moment; where the Taipingsmanagedto time the o$,n
    categoricallythat it was'now separatedftom that force andpaid appearanceat the breach to €oincide with the arrival of the
    from Ningpo'.It waspresumably the EVA elementwithdrawn storming party, however, they stood a reasonablechanceof
    in Novenber1862andnot sentba€kthatbecametheEVA'Ssth driving back thetu assailants,to whom they were equal if not
    R€giment,frequentlyrefenedto as the 'NingpoBattalion'in supeior in closecombat.At Kintang in March 1864they
    Gordon'stim€ (as,for example,in the attackson Fushanand succeededin repulsingthr€e succ€ssiveattacksin this fashion,
    Taitsanin April 1863and againstthe wokong stockadesin inflicting15%casuahies on the EVA in the process.
    July). Battlesin the open field took placeonly infrequently,but
    TheNingpofor€ewasdisbanded in aboutOctober1864,but a whentheydid the EVA'Sforeigndrill provedits worth.Wilson
    singlecompanyo{ 150 men under Cooke was retainedas observes that 'only the mostsimplemanoeuvres wereattemp-
    38
    ted, and more slress was laid on speed than on accurate paradegroundat Ningpo he could havebeenno calmeror more
    dressing.The men were trained to come into line quickly, precise,and in a few momentshe had his recruitsunder
    irrespective of inverted order.' General Michel in February thoroughcontrol.'
    1862recorded of two regimentshe saw that 'they know some
    companyand somebattaliondrill, and alsoour manualand
    platoonexercises', and that 'they chargedin line very fairly', UNIFORMS
    while Mayers in November 1863wrote o{ 'the firm regularity Uniformswerewom by Ward'smenevenbeforethe introduc-
    with which thesetroops executedthe ordinary manoeuvresof tion of Chinesetroops to his Foreign Arms Corps, the lr'o
    the field, and the alacrity with which they sprangforuard at the ChinaHetuld]n a rciospectivearticlepublishedin June1861
    bugle-call'.He addsthat they were capableof 'detiveringa recording that they wore 'an unifom consistingof trouseN,
    regular fire with steadinessand effecf, Wu Hsii stating that to jacket and capof blue', but no further details are forthcoming.
    ensureaccuracythey normally preferred to fire only at close Occasionalrcferencesin assortedsourcesconfiIm that from the
    range. very outset the force's Chinesetroops wore greenturbansand
    The most complex formation they lvere taught was the Westem-styledress,the Taipiogs chdsteningthem C/,a,yar8-
    square,Feng Kuei-fen describingin 1862 how 500 EVA kpeilzel ('Imitation Foreign Devils') by June 1862in consequ-
    defeatedsev€ralthousandTaipings by drawing up in 'several' enceof their attire. Wilson statesthat Ward\ adoptionof sucha
    five-deepsquaresand eventuallyadvancing in that fomation, 'notley half-European uniform' for his force was 'panly
    to
    at first slowly and then gradually increasingtheir pace.On the make the Rebelsimaginethat they had foreign soldiersto
    only occasionwhenthe EVA cameup againstcavalry,however, contend with', rhe taotai W! Hsii even 'buying up some
    at Waissoo,the two regimentsinvolved failed to form square thousands of Europeanboots,in oder thatthe veryfootprints
    andwere consequentlycut down in droves,losinga quarter to a of thediscplined Chinesemightleavea like impression.'
    third of their men (probably becauseone of the regimentswas Fortunately as pan of its review of the restructuring of the
    the newly-raised 6th, with onlythreeweeksdrill behindit). EVA in January 1863the Nofih China Heruld inrj:uded^ - in
    Despit€ their occasionalfailure to follow their offic€rs into fact, the only contemporary - full desdiption of the EVA'S
    heavy enemy fire the courageof the EVA'S ChinesesoldieN uniform. This tells usthat the artillery wore light bluej acketand
    cannotbe seriouslydoubted, onecontemporaryevenobsering trousers,with scarletfacingsand shoulder-strapsand a scarlet
    that in action they 'seemedto show no fear, and perhaps stripedo*'Il the outsideof the leg; the Bodyguardworc blue
    exposed themselvestoo much'. Even where thef courage (elsewhere givenas'dark' blue) with scarletfacingsandgreen
    momentarilyfailed them, it wasstill possiblefor their training to shoulder-straps, the latter'bearingtheirdesignation in Chinese
    restore them to order, as an incident recorded by Forrester characters';and the infantry wore 'rifle green' (other accounts
    confirms. He reports that following their first attack on a sayjust'green',evenlE t greenin onesources,sopresumably
    Taiping relief column outside Funglr'ha in October 1862 an the colourwasverymuchfadedifit waseverdfle $een at all),
    elementof one regimentwasin dangerof becomingdemoral- the battalions being distinguishedby different coloured
    ised, seeing which 'their commander ordered the recall shoulder-straps, unfortu ately not specified, which were
    sounded.Then,formingthem in line, he put themthroughthe 'stamped'withthe regimentalnumberin EnglishandChinese.
    manual of arms while a storm of bullets whistled around and No facingcolour is givenfor the infantry, but it is reasonableto
    m€n were dropping in the ranks. Had the Major been on the assume it wasscarletlike thoseof the artilleryandBodyguard.
    erffifltfr Mininares
    tplNn Stnr;iszarrtt tfigu't ex
    95mm rr€d pike, .dvEndng .5, j.d.
    R2 rr€d.{u.bu3loodino,j.d( a ep
    R31 Hw hdb n.ndins,Fclcl ov€rch.ln
    R32 Msdaqu.hB tui.o, jaotd a ep
    R3 M€d6qu6b!s .dv fidng,j6cl a @p R33Med.nueblsfdm, l.*.t
    FineCast R.r M€dhalb.al Esdy,j.c*. a ep
    R5 M€dprk. horizoni.l,j.ot' e 4p
    R34 MadalquehBadv.,i.d.r & dp
    R35 orfrerMd iadd Mr.nainroil
    R6 lled pike/n.b.dv. lhNrd d, iad , ep R3€ Medlquebos d.nding,l.cr.l
    Wargames R7 rr€dhalt. adv.iadd A €D
    R3 M.d h.rb. .dv ia.rd a oohorion
    R37 M€doik.rhabsnb{dead edv.i&tel
    R0 rredpikehoriz..dv l.d( a dd €p R3€LLsp€.r{av,sr.ndino,ronic,hcr6
    Figures R10 M.d pik€adv.jacid A ep
    R11M.d.lqu.aGadv.lu.ic4 snet
    Rao u 5p€.4av ardy, 2flswrd, jao* h.lm
    Rr1 M.d eriv..3randhg,ircrei
    R12 M.{ prk .dv. hod2oniar, iact l Ra2 Mod.q6bus dobbhg,J.dGt
    R13M.daEuebus.dvFcrde€p Ra3 Med@liv€rsandins,.r Frdy
    R1. M.d h8lb.dv., srudded jacrd a horm Rr4 M.deriv€rln ino,at €.dy
    R15 M.d prk€hodz..dv, dudd iac* , hetn Ras Modh.rb,shourrr€€d, adv.ndm
    133aEuslonRoad R16 M.d anu.busfinno,lunrc R|a M.d pit '/halb,45,sdva.oins
    Rr? M.{ .r!!.6!s.r Eady,jac*et& dp R.7 M.d prka'h.rb,.s, .dv.l.dd a h€rm
    F\2oM.d hatb..dv.,bo*era e!
    Morecambe R21 M3d h.lb. adv, iac*€r& eD
    R$ M.d .'q@busfnio, i.dcl & ep
    R.e M6dprk6horrbnr.r,Fcrd r h.rm
    R22 M.d. dkerh.b rdv. 4s,j.cr€r R50 Medsd sando, sncE Fc* e h.h
    Lancs.lA4 5LF n23 M€drrqu.bc tiriio, jaot .e hom R51 Hvyhrrb3hturde6d,rruddediactel
    R24 u. sp€rr4.vtonnO,shierdtuitc hetm
    R?5M.d halb€dv.,j.c*or a h€h R52M.d an*bus srs.dirE,nodd j€crcr
    Iel. @5941
    413124 tr27 Hw harbrt cady, ohainoverbatnlt. Rs3 M.d 6riv.r primino,ja*.|
    R23 Medrongbo*fidno,jadet & @p R5aMeddre'h.rb uFrgrtr.dv, j.* a ep
    R29 M.d drquabus d E.dr, jscrid a €p R55 MedsGsbm al rcady,iror(Dolmo.im
    R3O Moddk€/harbtonnino,j.d( a h€|m R5€ UombdNn.nlandhg, runic
    All 6E!r6 Jop scn Serd SAI for tisis& spte
    P&P ICPI.Aimdil 30Plo.
    Chequ6 & Dostalo(lss plyabL rc r Richrd Tm@

    t25 p6t FREE. Ord6 ow r50 - l@/oDISCOUNT


    Painld amj6 s?eidist - sd tl ao.sple

    All wore 'bright green' tu$ans and, despir€what Wilson says, presumably a slip-upfor'red to green'26.
    Chinesedippers and stoakingswerepreferredro Westernboots The uniform of EVA ofricen is more of a problem. Some
    (thoughphotogmphsconfirm that bootswerecertaintyworn by sourcessuggestthat they were un-uniformed, others that they
    some). Belts and accoutrements were of buff leather and wore somesort of uniform that is neverdescribedffor examDle.
    identical to those of British line rcgiments. In the summer a Lindleytellsu! tbat evenaftertheir detectionro rheTaipings.
    white uniform with red facings,describedas'preciselysimilar to Burg€vine and many of his ofncers 'continued to wear the
    the Kahkee dress wom by British troops in India', was unifom of the Ward force'). Most of the evid€ncethat actually
    substituted for all arms. In addition a coloured blanket was exists,either pictorial or written, indicatesthat wherea uniform
    wom rolledoverthe shoulderevenin the heatofsummer;the \vaswom it was British in style and may indeed actually have
    colourofthisitemisnotgiven,but an anecdote wrirtendownby beenBrithh. Certainlyin Gordon'stime someof the British
    Admiral Bogle many yeais later rccords that Bdtish trcops Army officers serving in the EVA wore their own scarlet
    nearlyopenedfire on Ward\ menal Treki in Seprember t8o2 jackets, but pictures more usually show dark blue frock coats
    thinkingthat theywereTaipingson accountof the blankets- andpatroljackets,andGordonhimselfwasinvariablyattiredin
    'all mannerof bright colours',
    in which they had wrapped his RE undressuniform.Ward, on the other hand,we know
    themselves againstthe rain. neverwore a uniform, andit hasto besupposedthat manyof the
    Interestingly the Ningpo force is rccorded by Thomson ro Amedcanswho servedin the EVA, whosestrong anti-British
    havewom dark bluewith greenfacingsanda dark greenturban, sentimentsare often alluded to in the sources,would have
    just like the EVA Bodyguard,andbearingin mind thisforce's objectedto wearinganythingthat snackedof British influence.
    EVA origins and the fact that the original Foreign Arms Corps Certainly an unknownEnglish officer of the force later wrote of
    alsowore blue, ir is certainlypossiblerhat in Ward'stime the 'the buccaneedng, brigand-like
    costume of the Americ-an
    infantry wore blue rather than grcen; this, however, must officers, striped, armedand booted like theatrical banditti', on
    remain(for now at least)purc conjecture.Thomsonalsotells us which evidencewe have to supposethat officeN on the whole
    that, like the EVA, the Ningpoforce wore a white summer wore exactly what they liked. Even cordon hims€if admined
    uniform, but with bluefacings.Photographsof the Ningpo force that 'we wear anlthing we canget'.
    in its post-TaipingRebellion guisealso showthe usualChinese
    identification disc on breastand back with eachsoldier'sname
    and unit in Chinesecharacters,but lle cannot be sure whethet FLAGS
    thesewere wom in the Rebellionperiod, and on balanceit Ward's own flag still survives,andis rectangularandgreen,with
    seemsunlikely;certainlythe only EVA troopsto wear such a red border and the ChineseFllra character- the first element
    discswere thoseretained after its disbandment,whosediscsin of his name in black (seeplate). The force's flag remained
    June 18&lbore the five charcctercFu Piao, Ch'ang-ShengChfrn green and red under Gordon too (Wilson describesit as the
    ('Provincial Governor's Forc€, Ever-Victorious Army'). We EVA'S 'unmistakablegeen-and-redflag'), but whether it
    arealsotold, rathercuriously,that the retainedEVA menhad continuedto sho*the samedevice.or reDlac€d it with th€initial
    the facings of their uniforms changed 'from green to red', glyph of Gordon'sown name,is unk;own, but certainlyin
    40
    Holland\ time the Rifle Regiment is recorded to have still 27Majot StoryReminiscences
    bt One WhoSened wth Gordon
    carried'Ward's old flag'. Each rcClmentprobably carried in China, iD Hake 1891.
    exactly the sameflag, perhaps alongsideanother tbat consti
    tuted the regiment'so*\vncnlouls (the lqustated Lo don Nel|l{
    published an engravingof EVA tmops in squareat Quinsan SOURCES
    NOTCITED IN TIIE NOTES
    which showstwo flagsin eachof two squares,but only one in a BernardM. Alfen cordon in China,1933.
    third; noneshowanydevice).Certainly Godon hadtwo flagsof C.A. Cujliten TaipingRebel:TheDepositionof Li Hsiu-ch'en?,
    his own 'on which were emblazon€din Chinesecharacterthe 1917.
    record of his succ€sses'2t,while as a Chinesegeneral he also R.K. DoDEI^sLi Hung-chang,1884.
    qualified for a 'snake-banner',a t,?e of dragon-embroidered Archibafd ForbesCr,r,"r e Gordon. lE?A.
    flag, which Mayen reportsbeingflown on campaignat the prow John W. FosterMemolrsof the Vicercy Li Hung Chang, 7973.
    of whichever steamerhe \i,asusineashisheadouarters. Henry wifliam Go or Events in the Lik ol Cha es George
    Go on.1886.
    A. HegmontHake lie Sr,ry ol Ainese GordonV ol.l, 188/..
    Augustus A. Hayes 'An American Soldier h China' Atlantic
    NOTES Monthly L\{I, 1886.
    I The Chineset et wasvariously estimatedin 1862-64asworth
    Lillian M. Li'The Ever-VictoriousArmy' P.pers on China
    between6s2d and 6s8d sterlins. xxr, 1968.
    2 Filipino mercenarieshad apieared in Chineseservic€ hon
    Samuef Mossman General Gordon's Pti/ate Diarv of his
    the 1850s, the SpanishConsulin Shanghai activelyencouraging L.rploia n China. 1885.
    their employment. They foughton bothsidesduringthe Small Arthur Evans Moule PersonalReco ectionsof the 7:ai"P'ing
    Swordoccupationof Shanghaiin 1853-55, for instance,but by Rebe ion, t 8,61-63. 1898.
    the 1860s theyseemto be foundonly in Imperialistservice. AnthonyNuttingGoldon:Many andMisfit,1966.
    ' AndrewWilsonZre EvervictoriousAtmr.1868. 'Papers Refating to the AJfairs
    oI China' State Papers
    a A. Egmont Hake Ev?r666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666
    the Taiping R;beUion, 1891. Vol.LXIII,18f14.
    ' W.H. SykesThe TaepingRebe ion in China,1863. 'The Mandarin from Salem'
    'The Chinese apparcntly tmnslatesmore accuratelyas Richard O. Patterson US Naycl
    'Etemally-Successful Insntuh Prcceedings LXXIX, 1953.
    Army' or 'Never-D€feated Army', andis Robert S. Rantoul 'Frederick To*nsend Na:,d' Histoical
    renderedin one sourceas 'The Ever-ConqueringL€gion'.
    ' EVA scoutswere occasionallymounted, perhapsthe source Co ecnonsof the EssexInsnrzreXLIV, 1908.
    VincentSheean'Admiral-General-Mandarin FrederickWard'
    for an obseFation in an official documentthat three reeiments ,4r,aXXVIII, 1928.
    marchingon Hoo-Chowin February1863wereaccomp;iedby JonathanSpencene Crrns Helperc:WestemAdvbery in China
    'somelightcavalry'.
    ' E.A. Lyster With Gordon in Chind: Lettery 1620-1 0.1969.
    Irom Thomas RichardJ. Smith 'The EmploymenrofForeign Military Talent:
    L$te\ 1897. ChineseTradition and Late Ch'ing Plactice' Joumal of the
    e No h ChinaHeruld 1U111863.
    t0 On 3 November Li Hung-changactually ordered Taki and Hong Kong Bftnch of the Royal Asiatic SocietyXy , t9751and
    Metcenaies and Mandains: The EveFvictolious Atmy in
    Wu Hsi to Fepare to send4,000EVA from Sungkiangto the Nmeteenth Ccnury China. 1978.
    siegeoI Nanking,and to hire four additionalsteamers,thus TengYuan-chung,4r,en?ans aad the Taipinq Rebe ion, t982.
    'makinga total of 10steamers'. If accurateat all, the figureof Charles Trench Cha ey Go on: An Eminent Victorien
    6,000 quoted by Wilson must include otber disciplined Rea're$ed.1978.
    contingents ('Kingsley'sforce', for instance,is knownto have R.H. Vetch Go on's Campaignin China, by Hinself, 7Xn.
    beencalledup to Sungkiangin preparationfor the expedirion). Wang Erh-min 'China's Use of Foreign Military Assistanc€in
    " W.F. Mayers 'Colonei cordon's Exploits in China' Tre
    the lrwer YangtzeValley,18fi-7864' BuUetinofthe Insftute of
    Comhi Masazinex,18&.
    t' Charlescordon 'Notes on the OperationsRound Shanghai Modem History, AudEmia SinicalL 7971.
    in 1U243-g' ThePrcfessionalPapetsol the Corysof theRoyal In addition, there ate four unimpo(ant sources which,
    EngineersXlX, 7871. despitemy best effo(s, I haveso far been unableto see:
    " Throughoutits eistence ihe Ever-Mctorious Army waspaid
    Halleri]JAbend TheGodltom the West,7947.
    in Mexicansilverdollars. Gerald Browne 'The l,ast Months of the Taiping War' Hdrpel'r
    raDenetdusC. Boulgerflre Life ofGo on,1896.
    Magazine (Aftieican Edition) 32, 1866.
    " Holqet C^hlllA YankeeAdventuru: TheStoryolwa and
    P.C. 'Memoirs of the Late General Ward the Hero of
    the'Iaiping Rebellion, 1930. Sung-Kiang and of his Aide-de-Carnp Vincente Macanaya'
    '" H.B. Morse /n *rie Ddyr of the Taipings, 1927.Morce \ t^s ^ Ftiend
    of China. 1a63.
    recognisedexpen on China, but here he renderedhis research D.J. Macgo\ran 'Memoils of cenerals Ward, Burgevine and
    in theform of a novel. the Ever-Conquering kgion' TheFat East2-3,lgn-78.
    17No h ChinaHercld7l3ll863.
    t3 No h ChinaHetuld 311111863.
    te Notth ChinaHeruld 23t1ll?'64.
    r Edward Forrester 'Personal Recollection of the Tai-Pins -icoloul plate)
    Rebellion' Cosnopolian Ma|arinc ){<l-)<Xll, $qa,.n.
    " AugustusF. Lindley rt-Ping Tien Kwoh: The Hbtory of the (A) EvervictorioLr Amy flaginwa's nne.(B\ Infanirnan
    n- Ping Revolution, 1866. in wintetunilorm c. Januart1863.(C\ Forcignoficet 18r.J/a,
    - NorthChinaHeruA3UIll863. basedon conkmporutyphotographs.(D) Anillery sergeant
    ts lerly\u-wen The Taiping RevolutionaryMovement,1913. 186314. (E\ Infantrynanof theNingpoforcein summeruniform
    '" John Thomsonlllru,rdib ns of Chinaandhs People,1873-74. c. 1870.Fot fulet detail\ of a Mifomls seetert. (Michaet
    " C.A. Montalto de JesusHbtotic Shanghai,1909.
    '" Notth ChinaHemA 1116/1864.
    4l

    ,.-.1
    42

    1stAIRBORNE
    DMSION ATARNHEM
    By GrahamBirkley
    Sometimeagorveof the Nor-FulWorgaimzKlubb (NorthHull andwereagainunableto fighi theirwaythroughto the bridge.
    Wargames Club)decidedto havea dabbl€in the20mmW.W.II To make matterswone Urquhart and BrigadierLathbury,
    period.Withthe Grinsbyclubmakingexcellentcoverage of the €omnande. of the First Para Bdgade becamelost in the
    earlywar periodwe optedfor the latewar campaigns in N.w. confused fighting,leavingthe divisionwithouta conmanderat
    Europe.OperationMarketGardenwith itsverydiverseactions a criticalstageinthe operation-Thesecondairlift duefor 10am
    wasadoptedfor demonstration games,resultinginthe 1991well arrived5 houn late due to bad weatherover England.Once
    photographed 38 feetlongdemogameof the entireoperation. againtherewere only light casualties duringthe landingand
    By September19l|4the Allies were confrontedby serious within two hours these reinforcementswere on the move
    Droblemsin North WestEuroDe.Not with rhe Geman armed
    iorces, but their own suppty lines and logistics.After the Early on September19 Urquhartmanagedto retum to his
    Normandycampaignthe Germanarmy had all but collapsed, H-Q. andbegantryingto co-ordinatehis scatteredforces.He
    allowing the Allies to liberate vast areasof Franceand Belgium tried,butfailed,towamthe R.A.F. that thesupplydropzones
    in a very shorttime-But this pushedthe Allied supplylinesto and the drop zonefor the third airlift, that o{ the First Polish
    thelimit. Somethinghad to be donesotheAlliescouldcontinue Independen(ParaBrigadesouthof the nver were in enemy
    onwardsinto Cermany. After much arguingamongsenior hands.All day units of the Fint Aiftorne Division tried
    Allied comnanders,Eisenhower, thesupremeAllied comman- valiantlyto breakthroughto 2 Paraat thebddge,but thelightly
    der,finallyauthorisedGeneralMontgomery's planto carrythe armedParaswereunableto breakthroughthe{orces of9SSand
    rvarinto Germany.Thisplan,code-named "OperationMarket l0SS PanzerDivisionsand other Germanunits now fighting
    Garden",wasto bethegreate$airbomeopentionto date.The againstthem. By evening Urquha( called off any more
    Allies last reserves,the newly formed Filst Allied Airbome attemptstorei orceFrostatfhe bridge.Instead he formedhis
    Army, consistingof three airbornedivisions,two U.S. (82nd renainingforcesinto a pocketaroundOosterbeekwith their
    and101st)andoneBritish(lst), wereto bedroppedasa carpet ba€ksto the river to wait for the arrival of XXX Corpswho had
    64 mileslongfrorn the Dutch borderto Amhem on the lower beenduein Arnhemat 1500hours. Throughoutthe dayFrost's
    Rhine.overwhichtheBdtishSecondArmvwas to advance into men at the bridge fought off attacksby German armour,
    cermany. First Airborne Division was given the objective infantryand a illery. By nightfallthe Paraswerestill holding
    turthestfrom the Allied front line, Amhem Bridge.The first the northemend of the bridge.Moralewasstill high, despite
    problemfaced by Major GeneralRoy Urquhart,commander of mounling casuahies anddwindling ammosupplies.
    the divisionwas actuallygettinghis troopsinto Amhem. A The third airlift wasdue in at 10am,but badweatheragain
    shortageof aircraftand glidersmeantthat it wouldtakethree causedhavoc,resultingin only the gliderscarryingequipment
    airliftsoverthreedaysto bringin all ofthe divisiont menand for the Poles,who did not ardve,to landon the no(h bankof
    equipment.Yet the missionwasestimatedto lastfor only 48 the riverandthenwithveryhearycasualties.
    hours.Thenextproblemwaswherethedivision'sforces wereto September20 saw2 Parafinallylosecontrolofthe northem
    land. Urquhai wantedto land as closeto Amhem Bridgeas endofthebridge,andby9amonthe2lstthe battalionceased to
    possible,preferablyon both banksofthe river. This wasflatly exist after heavy fighting in the streets of Arnhem. The
    rejectedby the R.A.F. dueto the reportedlevelsof flak in the Gemans now concentratedon the slowly dirninishingpocketof
    areaplustheapparentunsuitability of thelandsouthof theiver Parasat Oosterbeek.The final airlift arived over Amhem at
    for aibome landings.InsteadUrquhart chosedrop/landing 5pmon the 21st,thiswas48 hourslate dueto continuingbad
    zoneson heathland,a tull eight mileshom the bridg€.This weather.Unfortunatelythe Parasdroppedoverthe villageof
    would turther divide the British forces as a proportion of the Driel, south of the Rhine, and straight into the waiting
    firstwavewouldbe neededto holdthe landingzonessecurefor Gennans.Only750rnen(includingthe wounded)survivedthe
    the followinglandings,whilstthe remainingtroopspressedon drop. (One completebattalionfailedto aniv€ due io the bad
    towardsthe bridgeitself. To makethingsevenmoredifficult the
    entireoperationhadto be plannedandreadyto go ir justseven On Septenber 22 xxx Corps wasfinally contactedand the
    days. desperatesituation made clear to Lt. General Horrocks, the
    At lpm on 17September the first elements of Filst Airborne Corpscommander,who throughoutthe day pushedhis men
    Divisionlandedon their allocateddrop zonesand in the next towardsthe Rhine. Bitter fightingtook placeall aroundthe
    hourall ofthe firstairlift Iandedwith verylittleopposition.By3 small airbome perimeter as the Germans tried to crush the
    o'clock2 and3 ParaBattalionsweremovingtowardsAmhem Britishforce beforeit could be reinforced,yet still the Paras
    Bridgeasscheduled, with I ParaBattalionmovingin reserve. hungon. After dark the PolishParastried to crossthe river in
    Units of the first AirlandingBrigadelandedwith the first lift dinghies,but the attemptwasabandoned dueto heaq machine
    anddugin on the drop andlandingzones.As the Parasmoved gun andmortar fire after only 50 men had crossed.
    towardsAmhem Germanresistance steadilystiffened,mainly September23 found Fint Airbome Division j ust hangingon.
    in the form of Kraffts SS Training Battalion*hich totally Germanattackscontinuedassuppliesfor the remainingPalas
    stopped3 Para. By 9pm units of 2 Para under Lieutenant failed to drop in the right places.Again after dark the Polestried
    ColonelJohn Frost, supportedby a few elementsof recon, 1ocrossthe Rl ne, this time 250 men managedto €rossbefore
    engineerandanti-tankunits(about700menin all)hadreached Germanfire haltedthe move.
    thebridge.Theysecured the nonhemendofthe bridgeanddug By S€ptember 24thingsweregettingdesperate for the Paras.
    in for the night whilst the rest of the Airbome Forcestruggledin A ceasefire was agreed with the Germans to evacuatethe
    vainto reachthem. woundedbeforethe fightingcontinuedat 5pm. The end was
    September18found Frost'sforce auackedfrom both sidesof gettingnear.ThatnightUrquhartwasinformedof theintention
    the river by re€onandinfantryunits,but thesewerefoughtoff to evacuatethe remainingParasacrossthe Rhine. Urquhart
    with few Britishcasuatties. Frostwasevenreinforcedby more replied that the operation,codenamed"Berlin", must be
    unitsof2 Para.MeanwhileI and3 Paraweresufferinsheavilv caniedout onthe25th.
    43

    CHELIFER BOOKS
    Mike Smith
    Todd Close,Curthwaile,Wiglon, Cumbria
    T e l :0 2 2 87 1 1 3 8 8
    MILITARY BOOKS
    Bought and Sofd Sendsae for cataloque

    informationgivenhereassumes the gameis playedin 20mm.If


    the game is played in a smaller scale, with morc figures
    available,a little work from the umpire "beefing" up both sides
    canresultin a muchlargergame.

    BRIEFINGFORBRITISHFORCES
    The obje€tiveof the gamefor the British forceis to take and
    hold the bidge until the endofthe gamingsession. Beforethe
    start of the gamethe Airbome Commanderis givena mapofthe
    batilefield with the availabledrop zonesmarked on. He must
    then plan his assaultin three airlifts. Eachaidift cancarry up to
    three elementsGeefiguresinvolved). The drop zonesfor each
    The evacuationstarted at 9.45pmon the 25th and carried on elementof the first two wavesmust be witten down before the
    into the 26th, supported by the guns of XXX Corps on the start of the game,whilst thoseof the third wavemust be planned
    river'ssouthbank.A total of2120menwereferriedacrossthe by tum 10. Airlifts are plannedfor gametums 1,7, and 13.
    river.whilst300remainedasa rearsuard. However,to representthe delaycausedby poor weather,the
    The operationwas over and whilst it was a failure, First
    secondandthird wavesmusttake a "fog test".This is simplya
    Airbome Division who suffered a staggering75% casualties
    d6 thrown on the tum a drcp is due to arrive. A scoreof 1-3
    (almost7600out of a forceof 10,m5)wereby no meansbroken.
    meansdelay the drop. Each successivetum the "fog test" is
    One company,all of 15 strong,marchedout of Ddel after taken reducingthe chanceof delayby 1eachtum. Whena drop
    evacuation with slopedarms, doesarrive the next lift is re-scheduledfor six tums later.
    TIIEDEMO
    BRIEFINGFORGERMANFORCES
    The demotakesplaceon a 13ftx 6ft tablewith thebridgeadded
    The objectivesof the Gernan forcesare to (a) Ensurethe
    on, representing the city of Amhem. the drop/landingzones
    bridgeis ;n Germanhandsat the end of the gameand (b) To
    andsurrounding area(seemap).
    drive the Airbome forcesinto the Rline, kiling and capturing
    on piecesof3 foot squareand
    The terrainis all scratch-built
    lftx3ft chipboard.Hilis are made from severallayers of asmanyaspossible.
    Before the game the umpire prepares a set of cards each
    insulation board, sulformed into shape.'Glass' was applied in
    listing a Geman unit(s). Starting the tum after the first Paras
    the folm of PVA wood gluemixedwith sawdust,greenpaint,
    sand,plasterandanythingelsecloseto hand.Roadsare made reach the bridgea d6 is thrcwn at the beginningof eachGerman
    fromcarbodyfillerspreadthinlyacrosstheboardsand painted. tum. If a 4-6 is thrown the top cardis tumed over, andthe troops
    The town boardsare simplyhardboardfixed, roughsideup, listed are brought onto the table. To determine where the
    ontothe chipboardandpainted.The streetsareagainbuilt out troops anive throw a d10. Comparethe results with the map,
    and placethe unitG) on the edgeof the corresponding board.
    of hardboardand coveredwith either sawdustrepresenting
    gmssedareasor Polflld for pavedareas. The units cannot move on the tum they arrive, but cangive and
    The figuresusedare predominantly ftom the excellentrange
    of Figur€sArmour, An ery; rvith figuresfrom Platoon20 and At the start of the gam€two cerman units are alreadyon the
    Drews Militia to add variation. Vehicles are mainly from the table. Krafft's SSTrainingBattalionare in the woodswestof
    Skytrexrangeor from the manyrangesof plastickits available. Amhem, whilst one section of infantry guard the bridge.
    The few not scratch-built buildings usedin the deno are from Neither unit can move away ftom their positions, except as a
    Hovelsor kits purchased from modelrailwaycompanies. result of a morale test.
    The game beginswith the arrival of the first airlift of Fi$t
    Airbome Division and shows a steady advancetowards FORCESINryOL}'ED
    Amhem Bridge. As the gameprogresseswe showthe Germans
    recovering their surprise and their attempts to cut off and BRITISH
    destroythe Paras,wbo are reinforcedby a secondairlift. 2 Para(1 Platoon Paras)
    We have tried to keep the demo as historically accurateas 1 and3 Para(1 PlatoonParas)
    possiblewith the figuresand modelsrepresenting the actual l AirlandingBrig (1PlatoonParat
    movementsof their real counterparts.However,due 1o the 4 ParaBrig (l PlatoonParas)
    scaleofthe operationwe haveconcentrated on the morewell Gough'sRecceSqn(2jeepswith twin MGs)
    known units from each side, particularly2 Para and their Mackay'sEngineerPlatoon(10 men with engineedng equip-
    ment)
    Thompson's Art Bty (2x75mnhow. andtows.OBSinjeep)
    Ai$ome Anti-tankPlatoon(2x6pdrandtowq
    TIIEWARGAME DivisionH.Q.(Commandstand, jeepandmedics)
    The demo can be easily convertedinto a very enjoyable game Each unit counts as one element for airlift puposes,i.e. 9
    with both sides struggling to recieate or alter history. The elements in total,
    Four photos oI North Hull's audaciousattefipt at an Amhem game. Next year the lads are doing D-Day.
    GERMAN 2 cardsof1 S.P.Adllery andInfantryPlatoon(SS)
    Thefollowingunitsareon the rableat thestarrofthe game. 2 cardsof2 Mortars,l MMG andInfantry(SS)
    Krafft'sSSBattalion(l Platoon) 2 cardsof 1 InfantryPlatoonin lorry
    BridgeGuard(l sectionInfanrry) 2 cardsof I InfantryPlatoon(SS)
    The followingcardsshouldbe prepar€dasreinforcemenrs. 2 cardsof l InfantryPlatoon
    l cardof9 SSRecceBartalion(7 or 8 halftracksandarmoured
    cars)
    l cardof2 Tigers(SS) BIBLTOGRAPHY
    l cardof2 old Frenchtanks. A Btidge Too Fat-Co etiufRyarl.
    1 cardof I TigerII TheDevil s Birthda\) ceoffrey Powell.
    2 cardsof 1 AssaultgunandInfantrysection(SS) Para- PeterHar.lercde.
    2 cardsof2 ArmouredcarsandInfantrysection(SS) Amhem Osprey.
    2 cardsof2 AssaultgunsandlnfantryPlatoon(SS) It Never Snowsin Septemrer R. Kenhaw.
    MOREABOUT haveseedings, but willbe blissfullyunawareof whattheyare.
    All that a clubhasto do in orderto registerwiththeIWF isro
    submit a copy of its Constitution,togetherwith paymentor
    SEEDINGS registrationfees (one pound per player per annum) and
    registrationdetails to the ExecutiveDire€tor at the above
    By ColinWebster address.As soon as any wargamerconsidersr{hat the IWF
    (Executive D ectorof alreadydoesfor wargames, it shouldbe quiteapparentthatthe
    registration feesarewell worthwhile.
    thelntemationalWargames Fideration) All clubsthat requestthe necessary applicationform for
    Sincemy lastarticlewaspublishedin the May 1993editionof membership will automatically be suppliedwith a freecopyof
    beeninundatedwith queriesabout our ConstitutionandResulations.
    waryames lu.struted,lhave
    howtheseedings aredetermined,whichcompetitions countfor
    seedingpuryoses,andwhatthe seedings of playersare.
    NOTESON
    HOWSEEDINGS
    AREDETERMINED
    All gamesplayed at all championships whose results arc
    submittedfor seedingpurposes,count for determininga
    THESWISSSYSTEM
    player'sseeding.Thismeansthatboththegoodandbadresults FromG. Marlia,Imly
    are takeninto accountwhenworkingout the seedings. As in
    I haver€adwith interesttheopinionof Mr Tofalosin WI68and
    chess,theproficiencyofthe player'sopponent is alsotakeninto
    being ode of the personsresponsiblefor the introduction of
    account.Thus the final seedingcan be usedas an effective the S*iss system id competitive wargaming - would like
    yardstickwhen comparingthe ability of one player against to
    reply.
    another. The systemis basedon the principle that after each match
    players are coupled for the followine game ac.ording to their
    current score. This ensuresthat the stronger ones (or rather
    WHICH COMPETITIONSCOUNTFORSEEDING thoseperformingbetter in the competition)will be selected
    PURPOSES? throughinqeasinglydifficultbattlesagainstsimilaropponents.
    Any competitionwhich hasbeenregisteredwith the Interna- There are many advantages,suchas the guaranteeof playing 4
    tional WargamesFederationat leastthree nonths beforeit games(duringa standardweekend convention), ofbeingableto
    occurs can count for seedingpurposes.Thus competition contribute to the team performance by sco ng points in all
    organisersmustformallyadvisetheIWF of thecompetition, the games,of recoveringafteran initialsetback, €aused perhapsby
    dateof the competition,the periodswhichwill be played.the badluck,etc.
    rulesto be used,the entry rules,whetherthe competitionis The only problem causedby it is the fact that, being engaged
    openor closed,andtheinterpretationswhichwill beused.After both days,one hasvery litde time to go aroundandenjoythe
    lhecompetilion ha.beenheld.lhecompelilron organi.ermu,t panicipationgames.I believe that most of the drawbacks
    ensurethatthe M.F is furnishedwith all rheresultswhich must mentionedby Mr Tofalos are not due to the system.For
    besubmittedin roudd-forroundfomat. instancegimmickarmiesare definitelylesspopularwith the
    All competitionorganisenwho wishto be suppliedwith the Swisssystem,sinceit is impossibleto win the competitionby
    necessary IWF forms are requestedto contactth€ Executive just scoring1point morethan the opponentin eachgame.To be
    Director at PO Box 19275,Fisher\ Hill, 1408,Republicof championone needsgood victorieswith acceptablelosses.
    SouthAfrica. Incidentally,howbig a victoryis neededdepends on the scoring
    Th€ competitionswhich count to datefor s€eding purpos€sare: system used. In Derby you really need four massacres to be a
    chanpion(i.e. a 500pointsdifferencein WRG terms).At most
    Belsium:AncientsandMedievalChampionships (27& 28 Mar competitionsheld on theContinent(in France,Italy,cermany,
    1993). Spain)youhavea scoringsystem ceiledat 24Opoints(i.e.a 15%
    Bdtain: British National Championships(and qualifying difference),soyoudon't reallyneedoverkillingtactics.
    roundt, World WargamesChampionships AI theotherpointsof criticism("unbelievableargumenis"
    (and qualifying "going or
    quicklythroughthecalculations") areidenticalwhichev-
    er systemis usedand one of them ("the luck of the draw") is
    France:AncientsChampionships at Ubontpellier(5 & 6 Dec certainlymoreinfluentialin a"knock-out"competition,isn'tit?
    1992),AncientsChampionshipsatToulouse (30&31Jan1993), To €ompletethe pictureI mustsaythatit is impossible to go
    AncientsChampionships at Grenoble(13& 14Mar 1993). for a "knock-out"systemwhenthe numberof entrantsis more
    Italy:2ndTrofeoMilitia for Ancients,MedievalandDBA held than16!Uolessthe competitionlastsmorethan2 daysor unless
    at Rome(5 & 6June1993). youcanfit morethan4 gam€sinto a weekend,16competitors is
    themaximumin orderto select1 winner-Soat Derby,or at the
    SouthAfrica: TnnsvaalAncients,Renaissance, Napoleonics, "Couped'Europe"in Paris,or at similarlarg€conventions, the
    and World War II Championships.S.A. Nat;onal Cham' Swisssystemis a must.
    pionships(l &2May 1993),NatalAncientsChampionships (17 Sincethe publi€ation of DBM andiisplannedintroductionin
    & 18Julv 1993). 1994 competitions,we are consideringa suitablescoring
    procedure, whichwill anyraybe basedontheabovementioned
    system.
    WHAT IS MY SEEDING?
    WARGAMES FIGURES PAINTED
    The IWF determines the seedingof everyplayerwho playsin to coll€ctor'sshndards.S€ndSAEor t1r,oIRCSfor pdc€fisl
    competitions for whichwehavereceivedresults,but theofficial to: D. Seagrove,
    policyis to only adviseplayersandcompetitionorganiserswho THE I.AST DETAIL
    areregistered with the Federation.Manyplayerswilltherefore 196 ParlauntRoad,tanqlev, Sloush,BerlshireSL3 8AZ
    INDEFENCEOF KEEPWARGAMIN
    THESWISS SYSTEM
    By ColinWebster
    ffiffi f;4Ft S{tF: .- -
    PaulandTeresa
    Y-ri
    LeMarchantBarrack,
    Bailey
    London
    -
    Road,
    fFiffiffi
    wten the TransvaalWargamesAssociationwasfound€d back ffiffi Deviz-ei,Wltshire.
    qN10-2ER,UK
    tgli4tdn4E Ier6rFaxiUJUUJ
    /z4b5a
    in 1980in the Republic of SouthAfrica it wasagreedby all the
    memberclubsto run allcompetitions to the'knockout'system. $/.3h!ll b. atth.lollowing 3h@s rn the rorfimr6:
    Many playe^ will befarniliar with the syslem,but somewill not,
    so I shall explain a little how it wasput into operation in South wo{d ChrmeiomhiF, rxlbv
    Africa. iTrh odober sELwG,LoidonsE19
    crydar ParaceNarionarsmn. Con@
    First the field of entrantswere divided up into grcupsof two
    players.The winnerof one goup wouldthen play againstthe
    jln?ng6winb3d'silinu.dbyhemddl993
    winnerof the nextgroup,for example:

    Plaverl ^, rorrundeDt*ndan..a6 o' ?r4c'3


    Dr,:,,") riayerr trnewrnnery
    ::"'': (ovelallwinnel)
    PIayeI4 onbf Eno6&8arPdnh.
    Ilayetj Ptaverqttle winnert
    rGre6.MLi <ndod6,s6

    Wlile it is trueto claimthatthe bestpersonon the daywins, MaEhboxvohicr.r;adxrn.v.r; Fujimi;E!d.


    therearea numberof disadvantages to the system,whichmay
    only applyto SouthAJrica.The disadvantages are:
    TokanResearch
    synem(orcadnou€hre&)EnsriehCompur.rwaqrm..
    1 SouthAfrica is well kno*n for the vastdistances between
    towns and cities. For example,Johannesburg (the main
    financialcentre)is a mere 1,200kmfrom CapeTown (the
    country'slegislativecapital). Consideringthat thesetwo
    cities are the wargaming centres in South Africa, I feel it (&M T@.. Hovor.k6'nJ.Ma'nhMi'r'brurrcsnr.
    HorddorD6.iqi l6rdl;odprMod.brl5mm N.Fbonics.d buirdin$)
    shouldbefairly obviousthat very few playeNarepreparedto
    travelthissortof distanceto playonlyonegame.
    2. Sinceonly the better playercwould go ftom one round
    throughto the next, the systemonly benefittedthe better
    and more competitiveplayels.As a resultmany new and 15mmPIRATES
    aspidng wargamerswere qui€kly disillusionedby the D€rgn, bdrd and cw your om PlEre shlp lrcn our F.ngFa
    Prds by PETEF PrG ShrF by S.O-O.
    nomally resounding defeatthattheyexperienced in thefirst ' ut.j1E P'hr6
    or secondround. The better playersbecamemore proficient
    at the game from having more experienceand playing in P4 va.lmed sjk louisn)
    more competition games, whereas the equally-as- P6 M-.dGun,r2Dd'.a
    P7 tbrGP*lro oaPFbl !1.d
    competitivebut not asexperiencedplayer did not developto ri.05 8...t P3 EftWinbwP6
    P9 Shcbo.r
    his,herfull potentialanddroppedout. . cinmBdrSDAE"2
    Readersshould be interestedto note thal while the Po|yUG'h*nu||dti|hd|olmem
    Transvaal Wargames Associationembrac€d the 'knock-out'
    system,playersonly remainedasregistered rnembenfor an {,P1S.h@Ddl,Fur€ar.d6LighrGuN e1450

    averageof 13layears,whereaswhenthe 'Swiss'systemwas {cdi,ryio.d


    adopted,the averagelengthofmembershipincreased to an
    average of 3% yearscontinualmembenhip.
    3. Playen who wer€ knocked out in tlre first lwo roundswere
    alsofound to lose interest in the competition, and insteadof
    watchingthe gamesin progress, or evenparticipating in the It seemedas thoughthe only thing that would satisfyour
    demonstration gamesdesigned to introduc€non-wargamers memberyplayers was allo*ing them to play more gamesat
    into wargames,would drift off home. competition level.
    TheExecutiveCommitteethusfinallysettled
    on the'Swiss'system. The resultswere evenbetterthan was
    4. The 'knock-out'systemalso seemedto lead to a rather hoped.Every competitionwas biggerthan the last, and the
    peculiarstyleof game,sinceplayerscould*in or losea game averagestandard of play improved dramatically. No longer
    by one point. (ln a 'knock-out' systemthe €ompetition were the top three or four playe$ headandshollders abovethe
    organisermust have a win and lose situationand cannot rest, now all the playerswere competingin a far more levelled
    tolerate draws.) Thus in the 1986 TransvaalAncients field wheremor€ playershad more experiencethan before.
    Championshipsthe marginof victory wasa singlepoint. However,the 'Swiss'systemcanstillb€furtherinproved,but
    A numberof attemptswere made to correctthe obvious that is a'Swiss' personalopinion.
    imbalances described above,for example: The system has brought to wargamesan efficient
    €ompetitionsystemwhich can be usedby the smallestclub
    1. A plate eventwasintroducedfor all of the playerswho were competition organiserthrough to the World WargamesCham-
    knockedout in the first round, which wasquicklydiscon- pionships.In principlethe systemallowsthe playerto perform
    tinueddueto its ineffectiveness, and to his/her potential and not just rely on a one-off result, and
    2. Consolation prizeswereintroduced,whichalsoprovedto be combined with the lntemational WargamesFederation's
    equallyunpopular. seedings,allowsfora mostenjoyablecompetition.
    \rl:

    !f,:|f,
    'l

    Vc.niulitc ntat sound like tn ancieDt Grc eli .ru.rlrrl . bor 1rercn l\ lI frc.. ot trc \ orr, \l estFtontit ltrrn it)e the teftrin tor
    Rdd Rrbt son.s -lranreat Pattiztn ll last n \nh

    THEATLANTIC
    WALL
    in greatcoat5
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    acr2 s€nii wakinawnh5uner ne
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    may be had for the sum of
    t5.95+50p.P&P
    ChequesPosralOrdersio
    uvsFFO 14'r* ofod.r,hinimun r0@n@
    ovERsEAstURFAca'3* olod.r, mininih11.50
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    Stratagem
    Pi.ae allow 25..iD&Don .od6 DwH 1 a z.
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    49

    A NEWTYPEOFWARGAMES
    TERRAIN
    byRodRobiwon
    Ev€r since I read Don Featherstone'snow classicbook, Wdr
    Gamzt, I h^\e wanted to own a sand table; aJter all, Don TIIE SAND-SWSTITUTE
    hims€lf stated that it was the ultimate in r€alistic terain. The altemative to sand is an insulating material called
    However, the problems of owning such a table have always vermiq ite, which is availableat most builders' merchants.lt is
    proved to be insu.rmountablebarriers, and I suspectthat they astonishinglylight; a sackof the stuff caneasilybe carriedin one
    will remainso. hand, and it is also very soft and non-reactive.It is a mineral,
    The first barrier is one of weight; sandis extremelyheaty, so madehom bydratedsilicates of alumhium.magnesium or iroD
    muchsothat a s$ongtable is required. The problem with strcng (known to geologistsas mica), which upon heating expand
    tables is that they also tend to be heary, ard thus the greatlyandfil with air pockets,givingthe materialits insulaiing
    combiDationof sandandtable vreightsalsodictatesthat a strong prop€rties.It is alsousedasan inert beddingmaterialfor plants,
    floor is just asnecessary! panicularly in rcsearch establishm€nts when a measured
    The s€condbarrier is space;a sandtable doesn'tfold awayor amountof nutdents can t€ fed to individual plaDtsto measure
    detachinto severalpiecesto be storedunderthe bedor on top of their relative growth. Individual piecesof vermiculitecanbe up
    the wardrobe.It requiresa room of its own, in whichit must to halJ an inch across,but it comesin all shap€sand sizes.In
    standinviolate in the centre.To the vastmajodty of wargamen, colour it is golden and shiny when examinedindividually, but
    and cenainly to me, a dedicatedwargamesroom is out of th€ when s€enen mass€it looks mor€ sandy-brownin shade.The
    question. appearanceis like a stonydesert,andalthoughit will take paint,
    In addition to the above, a sand table is obviously not I thinl that it is probably at its bestwhenportraying a semi-arid,
    Eansportable,so it can never feature at any of the wargames rocky land, like the North-West Frontier of India. Spritrkled
    shows around the country. It is also (I am told) somewhat witb bitsof lichenandsponge0ock.ir canlookverycoovincing.
    user-uDfriendly, as sand is an abrasive material which can Scale-wise,it 6ts in well with 25mm figures, but might look a
    damagecarefulpaintwork on figuresafter only a short while. litde out of scalewith 15rtun.As I have said, however,it does
    What is clearly needed,there{ore, is a substitutefor sandthat comein varyhg sizes,andcould be sievedto take out the la4e.
    is exEemelylight atrdnon-abrasive,plus someway of keepingit pieces.In fact, aJtermy first outing with tftis systemat Southom
    a iD plac€which is also easyto assembleand to take apart, for Militaire, I felt that someof the vermiculirelumpswerc .iusttoo
    conv€dent storage.I thinl that I havecomeup with ans*e$ to big, evenfor my 2strln figures, soI madea mentalnote to sieve
    both problems,which is hardly surprising,sincewhy elsewould the vermiculite before usingit again,at PartizanII in Newark.
    I be witins thisarticle?? !!

    15mm ARMIES FOR SALE


    Tnsft) owinglsmm .mies andonitsals nowav.ilablalom f|e collectonol PaulStev€nson. FrguBsa,reF€i KoDs.Th€s€unitshav€b€€ncar€tu'y
    rosearch€dand arc paintedto colleclor'sstandard(ie lrnod,highlighledand shad€dand lndude art ,ninordbl!/t, €y6 socksts,butum stc.)
    Tl'6 Sswn Ysars Wsl figul€s are ba!€d ro WRG'S1685-18115 rulea,ie inknty 7.5mmtrontag3and cavajry10mmtonlago p€r tgu€.
    ACWfrguBs ars ba!€d lor Jol,.,ry ArO rutes.BaE€sar€ n€aty t6rain€d for sl fs!E.
    fl|3€s ars t€c8nflypalnledfiguEsandate inpe actcondition.Fo'€lamplesol PaulSwoft cneckoutbact is!u€3ot Pra.iicr/ tyargar€rmag.r'nof,hich
    irequantyf8atut€sfiguls€fom his col€crion.Umir6dsanpt€ barci€s .r€ avaihDtoat !E p6l b6tci.
    At t|s hd s€ls ot figu'8€in F€brua.yt|is year, all amies sold oul t/,ihi, i"a h€et so gel your od€r in qui* - ft51 com€,flsr s€rvrdt
    AIJSTFIAN
    ARMY1. 'I75 AUSTFTA'|SPEC|AIS 2. fm
    PRUSSIANAFMY 1. E175 Humadm BstElih B€t e 16 dorB
    Goma Fuslid R*im.lr 9- 32 nouB G€t€ {Lrgn hbnry Cdz€. fuimir 22
    1sl Must6r6s R€oinsl, 28 fiouE Gsmo Fu$rd R€aitunr s5. 52 iou6
    13rn Mudr€l*r R6i|Mr 2a idurs HurE@n Fqttd F.gndl 33, 32-t5guB rfo$ cMdbc. 12 frbuB
    ,16thFusr||* H€.im-sr. 28 rioud. 3 B.trby sm aij cisis
    lBuad GMadtu Satdd,24 fiau@ Hl6g Fdimr e 12 rdu6 G.ftrals Natlsr! 6,rd tum
    lsr D€ooorF. 12 fouF3 Wlniaoblh Da@n F€ArFir. 12 r.u6
    3d Cui6l€E, 12fuu6 Cunsid 6€glma S.dCroni, 12 froiB &qGGAGEIBAIN '20
    2 Batrrlid ouB din-m 5 a5$ri6d ,aoc, rhb€l and qu
    2 Batisry gur-Nwih d* AUSTFIANAFMY 2. TI75
    c IrrELTF^IN (Slirrbr. ro. srds d Indid. gF
    PFUSSIANAFMY 2. CI75 Ge']@ FGitd R{iMr 3. 32 nouEs 15 bagg.oe c.mls rfin 2 !,b.ni.d driv€G
    G.n@ FBit6 R6aimln 27, @ fiou6
    lgfl ct t d R4i|6i 2a iou6
    2l||n ulk 16€rR6alMr 23 fiiu@
    Hueadan Fueli€r F€giMt 37, 32-fg!6 A 3€l€dbn ol0[s be!.d t! "JohB F.b nrl6.
    47h Fudli& Reimdt 2a nouds llh MlsriEi adi|Mt 25 idu6'- llr7!
    1$Uad &€i6dre B.ndbn: 24 liouFs Hug H€.imnl 3- 12 frouB 11tl Vnlh6 F€olmr. 2s l5oiu6 - Cla.?s
    H€s-D.mlarfi Drffi-n Fel|mr 12 nouB
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    5h ttag@B,_12 fiquFB Oir4sid R€giMt ODonelt,l2 t5guB
    14 cliasiB, 12 figu€E U.S Rlodd Bddbn' 20 fiuB - d5
    2 Beltalbn dN with cw austRrAN sPEctAls 1. f70 Fr.imorii GdyB Mllta, rs foo$3 - ct2
    2 Batl6rygdn. *i0r c@re Gmd G@dd B.tdd, 32 ioua unlo. vdur'la cad[ E l|rllon
    PBUSSTAN SPECTALS [40 G.mm Fuiher FogrMl 13, 3Z rgu6
    F6d&id( rh€ G@t and Stali 3 fou6 r 4@d oun aic c@ Cor addt Csdry Edatbn. 10 ntum - ais
    s S€vduE,d z€{n 5Jd 3tdl ohd 3 nou6 FFU MaEhal B|@* .rd S-idfi,3 noua Cq'bd€iao C*.rli R.siMt 15 ngu6 - r2o
    7rn Huis 12 fiouE
    P!.irg. .nd Plcring is 10%onordersunder!100and5%it !1ooorover.Alrowrwow€akstor(btiveryot ord6r.Ati6mah/3ly
    ont6'smayb€
    coll€ct€din p6rson,nngfir.stro confim avaitabry. For tuihsl dabitscontact

    PAULSTEVENSON
    88 EwesleyRoad,Sunderland,
    Tyne & WearSR4ZRJ
    or TeleDhone
    091 5201828
    TIIETRAY
    This sysiem is designed to be laid on top of one or more
    suitably-sizedtables, such as are normally provided ar war-
    gamesconventionsor clubs.I chosea playing areaof 6 feet by 4
    feet, but there is no reasonwhy larger sizesof table couldn't be
    madeinstead.
    Thefirstitemneededisaplasticsheet. Thisneedsto be about
    1foot larger aI round than the final plalflg area.I actualy got a
    hugepiece, about 9 feet square,free of chargefrom a builders'
    merchant; it was actually a huge plastic bag that they put
    Gyprockboardsin, andalthoughit haswritingon it, it servesits
    purposewell enough.
    The sidesof the lray are made ftom lengthsof 6-inch wide
    Contiboard,Iinked at the comerc by lift-off door hinges,
    although planks of wood would do just as well. I chose
    Contiboard becauseit is actually cheaperthan real wood. The
    final item neededis a supplyoflargebuldogclips.Fot my size
    of table,I use12clips,whicharejust aboutsuficient. Figure2: Theyermiculitein ctose-up.
    The plasticsheetis placedflat on the table,andin the middle
    the Contiboard tlay sides are assembled.The edges of the IMPROVINGTIIE LAIYDSCAPE
    plasticsheetare then folded over the Contiboardinto the
    piec€s,such as Bellona vacuum-formedplasric,
    middleof the playingarea,and held in placeby the bulldog Other terrain
    clip6-The tray is now readyto havethe vermiculite poured into can be used with vermiculite, the terrain basesor edgesbeing
    it, to be shapedinto bills and valeys asrequired hidden by rhe vermiculite. I hav€a numbetof "mcks" madeout
    of polystyrene that sit quite wel in this land$ape, and in
    addition I make us€of piecesof cork bark to make steeproct
    faces,as without this kind of support you tend to end up with
    midlandslides of vermiculite. I havenot play-testedit yet, bur
    it shouldbe possibleto dig tronchesinto the vermiculite during
    the courseof a gameby makingsectionsof trenchsides,perhaps
    joined by duckboards,that could simply be pushedinto place.
    Another idea would be to use vermiculite as the terrain for a
    siegegame,allowing for sectionsof tunnels!o be put into place
    and coveredby vermiculite. How about a POW escapegahe -
    the German side would have to periodically leave the room
    while the POWSput down new sectionsof tunnel, carcfully
    arranging the vermiculite over th€ top to give no clue as to
    wherethe tunnelis.
    River andlakescanbe realisticallyrepresentedby coveringa
    largesquareor rectangleof hardboardwith silver foil. On top of
    this.sepiaor bro*n indianiDl rsroughly washedoverandleftio
    dry. Finally, yacht vamish is pured (not brushed) onto the
    centreand allowedto flow over the sulface.As it beginsto dry,
    smalleramountsof vamish can be dripped onto uncoveredbits
    of the foil, so that the whole surfaceis covered.When dfl. it is
    placedflar into the playingareabetorerhe venniculire,;bicb
    can then be addedto show as much or as little of the "water"
    surfaceasrequired.
    Roads can be sinply representedby a shallow dip in the
    vermiculite of regular width (try dragging a ruler or pi€ce of
    wood overthe suface wherethe road is required), or els€a sidp
    of coloured material or foam rubber could be us€d. This lasr
    method is 6ne if the rcad is straight, but comeN can causea
    probleml
    These are just a few ideas I have hadt I am sure that this
    terrain system could be greatly improved upon by more
    inventivemindsthan mine. Perhapsthesecould b€ publishedin
    tuture issues of Wargames Illustrated? I, for one, would
    certainlylook forward to readingabout them!

    A FOOTNOTEONCOSTS
    Many readerswill now be wondering whether they can afford
    this system,thereforeI havedetailedbelowits costbreakdown:
    Figwe 1: EssentialEquipmentfor the Table. A larye plastic B,si.l
    sheet, vermiculite, tabk sides- and an atsietant!(AlEmative 2vermiculitebass
    captionfotthitphoto:"1ytondetwhichofthese ^ao selJolrior 6'wideConribdrd(2x6,;2xa,) t10.22
    plank nt husbandb thirker than?") Lift-offHinses r 4.10
    51

    First Empire
    The lnidalional lvrgdine for ln. Nrpotedic EnthBis! Historie md cdr
    "TheonlyNapoleonic
    magazine
    worth reading!"
    Availablenow from all \4rgin Megastores,
    selectbook andhobbytradersat 11.95
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    First Empire
    Subenpto R.les1993- 1994
    Subscriptionsavailablefrom
    UK, BFPO t12.95 Pteasenor€thst First Empire
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    0746 765691or 0746862455

    When replying to adverts please mention Wargames lllustrated.

    "*ffi#""
    thrffichqg
    rgw %%* 15mm T.bl€top:
    Olbllz !tuD&p Enrdrr r@ r. iald, rroe, Erc! Ancient. Medieval. RerEissance
    lr!.wrtesre od.ldd.ElnrEeroE ed Napoleonic.ACW. Fantasy
    2sNa6lLR..4 illhtrh.llt|ilu.llrrb.Cr-
    E|dd.irf,, n6 rtlns.irdr ud eryrla
    2trm Front Radq Eagle:
    1T1 .EE ddflaqEstd.g AWI.Napol€onic ACW
    ffif-- .ps"a.crzm,-rr. 25Dm Mhllton:
    tsD.rb_Th.- Fa.e ,rthtBMrt^'ffit
    Ancient. M€dier1rl. Renaissance
    IS "'ot
    f,$-*-.T;o" c.q,cc q-.{ M.Da 54mm+ Border. AlmoDd.PosteMilitaire.
    Osprey. Rouss€lotPlates.WRG.First Empire,
    Campaignsin History Videos.
    Plasticsheet Free(to me!)
    (but alow fI.00 for your stingy Fu.llrange of Hea.rtbreakerFantasy
    localbuilde$'merchant!) I1.00 and Sci-FiFigues.
    12largeBuldog Clips tt2.N Dtstibutors for 'WarfNre Wtthh the Reahrs
    Totrl: 19.6E
    ofFanasy" Rules ooly 59.95 Cr&p mEE).
    Extras:
    2 Lichenbags r 1.98 ACCESS VISA
    3 spongeflock bags { 8.45
    Cork bark (estimatedcost) I 8.00 'Trad€ Enquiries RO.I. customerss€nd
    Totel: 118.43 Iovit€d Sterling BankersD.atft
    Of course, many of these items wil already be held by
    wargamers, or catrbe us€dfor otherpurposes:
    for example.tbe
    12 large Bu[dog Clips could be 5onbwed bon thti office
    stationerycupboardfor the weekend,andretumed aqainon the
    Monday moming.
    -twruwumfnfuteru#
    lrruz 4e2 peaoten.

    M,
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    5{ &.fisab.r ClvallLz4€.2 :1.10
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    aatz Ye Attcnd aoct of thc frahr Shosc

    f.rrl--- tll-----
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    LF_l trl6.l141trM@Utr
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    Q. "WHYDON'TYOUADYERTISE MOREFREQIJEMLY?"
    A. "BECAUSE WE'RETOOBUSYKNOCKINGOUTNEWFIGT]RES!
    - Sohere'ssomeofwhattsnew-
    BAItl A$anlrparty C 'DOM21 vickeBnring D
    BAF12 Connbdposi D 'DOM22 vickeBnoving D
    'BAF14 Vickebfinng D 'DOM23 3"nortarfiring
    'BAI 15 D
    Vickes noving D 'DOM24 3rnond noving D
    'BAI16 3"nonar firing
    'BAF 17
    D BsF6 A/T rine firins c
    Ynond moving D FRN9 60mn mortarnring c
    D FRN10 81m mortarfirina
    - D
    BAI 19 Pa6 in be.et(5) C FRN11 GroupedeCenie D
    BAf 21 Amhenpersonalities D USMT .30MMGM1917finng D
    BAF22 Polishpar6 in b.ret C USM9 Cohn&dpcl D

    Q. "SO WHAT'SCOMINGNEXTEH?"
    (1943-45
    GERMANYINFANTRY),USIMAI\TRY IIEAVY WEAPONS'
    SPECIALANNOIJNCEMEM- readcarefutty
    It is with regret that we must announcethat pricesare to rise as of lst october 1993.New prices as following:
    CodeA-tr.05; B-fl.40j C-tt.75; D-fl.m
    Somepackshavehadtheir pricecodealteredalso:for a FREE LIST pleasesendanSSAEto
    17 Oakfield Drive Upton-By-ChesterChesterCH2 lLG

    When replying to adverts please nention Wargames Illustrated.


    53
    B.rcl.yerd & Acc.$ Onl.B W.lcom€
    T.l.phon€ Loughboroloh213789 Mail Orde.Addr€ss:
    24,HOURANSAFONESERVICEFOR 2A BROOKSTREET
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    REDEAGLEwwt NEwFoR 1993 U K 1 O %o r d e .v a l u e
    BMI REDEAGLEOBSERVATION ove.19 posrf'ee
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    and balloonwinch lorry, Europe 20% odel
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    by both Germanyand Brilain1915-1918 Canada ,
    "Balloonbusling"was
    a dangerous A,;i;;;' i 4o1o odel
    occupationas thsse balloonswsrc delended WE ACCEPT BAACLAYCAAO
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    & MASTEFCHARG€ JUSI
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    BM1O8SE'q !3.50 BM15I SPADVII TRTTON1/12@th
    $-50 8M206AlbatlossDlll t3.50 NAPOLEONICNAVAL
    8M110 SopwilhPup t3.50 8M153 Nieupod
    17 !3.50 8M209FokksrDvll E3.50 Superbwhnemetalkits
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    NEW MODELSSKYTREX%ooTHSCALE STARTER PACK f13,50
    OURAPOLOGIES TOCUSTOMERS WHOHAVEPATIENTLY
    WAITEDFORIVORE Containsrules+ 3rdrale
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    46474 S![an "Guflwaa' 8oP 4694 CenrudonA.V-B.E. el.95 NS15HMSP.ll.sl32 gunlrigare!2.95
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    4132 BeaveretteScoutCar 50p 4575 Tsmmcun+c@w 80P
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    4379 SkodaB.S.O.Ad leryTractor 80p A547 47mmAnti,lank
    gun+crew 8oP SKYTREX
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    43988 Sdkt 251/21Dnlng AASP 90p AE3 122mmFretd Gun
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    54

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    READYMADEDISCOUNTED
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    55
    CASH PAID FOR PAINTtrD WARGAMES A.RMIES. AII
    scalesand peiods required.Can visit if required.phoneRob
    Ads shouldbeaccomponiedby a ch€quemadepayable Myelson 081-503 70f4 (eveningt.
    !S StratqCJ- Puftiations LtC,, t'S tovers iane, SECON'DIIANDCOPY OF SIDGE WAXFARE volume two:
    Newa*. Notts. NG24 lllz. RatelsD Derword. please
    the Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the creat
    ^dd l7V2% V.A.T. Minimum ctuii"tie: f2.50.
    1650-1789,by Christopher Duffy. Please telephone (0724)
    7337M.
    FORSATE
    lsmn BURGUNDIANS (Essex),186foot 38 cav (knights) 2 SERVICES
    cannon.f 106.Tel. 0524413124. RichardTurton. ABOUT TURN PAINTING SERVICE. Still wairins for those
    6mn ADLER French Army very well painted, 500 plus inf. 4 reserves. Do yourfrguresappearlosrin the fogofwai?We offer
    gunscrews100plus cavalryalso 15mmNapoleonics.15mm a top quality,fasttum aroundandaswe'restill hereafterthree
    AncientIndianArmy, 100 foot,70 cavalry,3 camels,3 years,we mustbe doingsonethingrightl Why notgiveusa ring
    elephants.f65 Also over 2,000other figuresfor sale.Tel. 0457 on0952-587114. Justaskfor Nick.
    876711.Besttime between6and8pm. PROGRESSM PAINTING COMPANY. The specialistsin
    lsnm ROMAN ARMIES. Early Imperial, 230 infantry, 82, SYW andAWL Fastand ftiendly serviceassured.Tel. Chris on
    cavalryf185. Camillan,90 infantry, 14 cavalry1100.Wetl 034,-$5372
    paintedandbased.081-568 028'4. PROFFJSIONALIIGURE DFJICNING SERVICE.Onlv hieh
    lsltrn WARGAMESCLEAROUT - 360Roman. 1 Macedonian quality work considered.t5-20mm. Sale ot uncondi'tio;l
    inf, 88 cav,6 elephantvenginespaintedand basedfor WRG licence dis€harge only, no licence ageements. Excetlent
    7th. Danish7YW - 106inf, 22 cav,7 guns,paintedand based portfolio and references,fast tumover. Call for free quot€ and
    plussomeunpainted.Foot30p,cavalry/guns 50p.112Hanham styfesamples. MrchaelPetcy0322431244.
    Road,Kingswood,BristolBS152NP.Tel. 0272495728 andask THAT FIGURES-THE 6mmSPtrCIALIST.6mm/2mmReadv
    forMarcus. Parnred DBA Annie\avartable. Topqualiry.Lowprices. Sen;
    r/200RUSSIANFRONT1942.Russians 35 tanks,36 vehi€les, SAL for liclro:ChrisBryant.t0TroddrCIo.e.Catdicor, Cw€nr
    35 inf basesf180. Germans25 tanks,50 vehicles,47 inf bases NP64PW.
    1190,wellpainted.0915650345_ TRIPLE SIX PROFESSIONALPAINTING SERVICE. Fisures
    lsnm PONV WARS.Extensivecollection,well painted.Tel. parnled rolhehrghesr'randard. 2l yea'\$argamrngexperience
    09r 5650345. wirhinlernalional clenlele.SendS.A.E.and.tt.00for sampte
    WELL PAINTED2smmWARGAMFJFOL]\DRYWwI. and lirr ro: l0 Clasgo$Srreet.Norlhampron NN5 sBL. Tet:
    Franco-Prussians, Marlburian figures. 15mmFranco- Prussian (0604)s83370.
    Arnies 25mmfigures{1.20, 15mm65p.Boardgames, books. CASTLE MINIATURES offers high quality collector standard
    Tel. 091-2340794 . *argamesminiaturepaintingservice.Also handmadeterrain
    SPACEMARINEf15, FantasyFightersf5, E.R.T.L. StarWars and buildingsundertaken.For price list sendSSAEto: A.C.
    Rebelbase€5, Exin Castillossets{5 andf7.50, 17 warsames Lawton,16Dockercourt,BarnhallEst.,Colchester, EssexC02
    magazmes: MiniarureWargames: PracricalWargamer: War- 85P,
    gamenNewsletter,from 50p. ESCI/Tarniya kits. S.A.E./tist,
    Wargames,13 ParkView,Markinch,Fife,KY7 6BL, Scolland. REDALERT!
    rsnm SYW PAINTEDflcURES, British,French,Prussian, Would anyon€ who is about 1o purchas€ or has rec€ntly
    Austrian,Russian.PhoneStevefor lists,035+f,60173 (even- purchas€dpaint€dor unpainteditemsfrom Mr Chris Lerrotr, a
    mgs.). figure painter lasaherrd of in th€ Grinsby arer, ple$e contact
    lsnm NAPOLEOMC FIGURESPAINTING SERVICE.Infan- me at the number b€lowas th€re may be somedoubt as to the
    try !1, cavalry11.50,sendf1 for sampleplus SSAEro David own€$hip of the figur€s. Information regarditrg thc pr€s€nt
    La*rence,17CannonWay,Fetcham,SuneyKT229LI. whereaboutsof s.me p€rson would be much appreciat€d.
    F,SCI 2ftn|tr BRITISH NAPOLEONIC, 108 cavalry, 40 guns Richard 0323733050.
    and cfews,640 infantry all based and paint€d !45. Tel.
    09s9-572(06.
    15mmACW COMtrDERATE ARMY. All 'Battle Honours' CLTJBS & SOCIETIES
    figurespaintedto a highstandardandbasedfor'JohnnyReb'.
    ('Fire& Fury'compatable). BATII WARGAMES CLUB meetsevery SundayaJremoonin
    190infantry,4 guns/crews/teams +
    6'Generals'.I95. Tel. 081-854 The ScoutHut, crove Srreet,Bath. ContactMat Beasley,33
    8821.
    StrCON'DHAND BOOI$ for sale, mainly wargamingand St.GeorgesRoad,Keynsham, BristolBSl82HT.
    uniforms.SendSAE for list to 69 EIm crove, Worthing,West COL STTPIIEN HAWIflNS REGIMENT OF FOOT. If vou
    SussexBNll5LH. would like ro lake pa'l in.ome of Europe s largesrbairle
    YENMDMCI, re-enactments, then we would like to hearfrom you.We need
    for the latest shield transfen and unit
    rharken,writeto42 SalterforthRd, Earby,Lancs.BB8 6ND. Pikemen, Musketeers and Campfollowers to help bring the
    GAMES FOR SALE: hundredsof rpgs, boardgarnes sightsand sounds of the English Civil War Alive. If you are
    and interested joining
    magazinesfor sale at bargain pdces. For tull lisr send a large in then please contact: Keith Allmark,
    SAE to Jim Bambra,2 The Cross,SwellsHill, Brimscornbe. ParkhillCottages,Parkhill,Old Basing,Basingstoke, Hants.
    Stroud.GlosGlJ 2SP. Ordng Keithon 0256475503.
    LINCOMBE BARN WARGAMES SOCIETY meets every
    Sundaybetween2.30pmand 7.00pmat the DownendFolk
    House,Kingswood,Bristol.Thereis amplefree parking,and
    WANTED tablesand teffain are provided.A wide varietyof wargame
    ARTIST WANTED by busycompanyfor painting flags,figures types are currently a€tive,includingWarhammer(Fantasy
    and buildings,mostly25mm. High standardrequired.Send Battleand40K), ECW, WWII, 7 Yean War, ACW, DBA, as
    sampleof work to: Custers,32Beechwood Avenue,Hanham, well as role-playinggamesof variousqpes. Annual mem-
    BrisrolBs153OW.Tel.0272611009. bershipis cunently15, andweeklysubscriptions are 50p.The
    56

    Truders A. DT]MELOW
    Attending MBR GAMF,S
    BROADSWORD TIN SOLDIER
    B&M MODEI,S W.E. IIERSANT
    SDD !'ILLAGE GREEN
    PETER PIG S&A SCENICS
    S M BOOKS PARTIZAN PRESS
    GALLIA MASTERPIECE*
    B&B WARGAMES ELLERBIIRN ARMIES
    RED STAR* KEEP WARGAMING
    WAXGAMES TRAFALGAR
    SOUTH.I MODELS
    LONG RANGE LANGTON
    LOGISTICS MINIATIIRES
    IRREGULAR COLONIAL
    MINIATURES PUBLICATIONS
    FALCONNGURES GEMIM DISPLAY*
    GLADIATOR GAMES* SECONDCIIANCE GAMES'
    WARGAMES INTELLIGENCE CHARIOT MINIATURFS
    AGENCY 4ssooltto$ WESSEXWARGAMFS
    DONNINTON MINIATURES CENTRE
    REDOTET ENTERPRTSES HANTS BOOKS & MODEI,S
    TABLE TOP GAMES *Saturdavs
    Onlv
    BRITANNIA MINIATURES
    NAFOLEONICWARGAMES RIVER LEISURE CENTRE
    CENTRE RICI{FIELD AVENUE. READING
    G7 NOVEMBER
    NINE WARGAME COMPETITIONS,"BIG" BRING & BUY, PARTICIPATION GAMES,
    DOORSOPENIO.OO AM.
    For Further Details Conlact:
    MR S WATLING 1 TREFOIL CLOSE. HARTLEY WINTNEY. HANTS RG27 8TS
    fint meetingis ftee for potentialmembels.A participation

    A
    gameis heldat thefirctmeetingofeachmonth,andis especially
    recommended for newcomers.Fu(her detailsmaybe obtained
    from S. P. Mayon 02?2-792047 (evenings
    andweekendt.
    / ANSCHLUSS
    \
    /-\ FOLLOWING THE NORTH LONDON WARGAMESGROIJP
    PU[LIs|{INC ACM in May it is announcedthat the new secretaryand club
    NDIUI '-'a;;;,;;t;;;;iii,itii,:i-..
    H. aadFd.ful Decisions... ^ .. contactis David Howard on 0707-644801.
    The club meetson the
    tt W; Br Jimweusrer secondand fourth Sundayof eachmonth for gamingin all
    Deriods.Newmembersarealwavswelcome.
    kt'!d& noh r!4nE,B b F,3n &4
    COIN'ENTIONHOTELS
    WARCAMES IN REAJING. Do you require accommodation?
    AbbeyHous€Holel offers discountedrates.Within easyreachof
    the venueandall facilities.Tel. 0734-590549.
    FORTHCOMINGEVENTS
    SAI-VO 93 Wargamesshow, cilberd School, Highwoods,
    ..,.t,".,.*Ti""t:l-,,,
    Colchester. Sunday 21 Novernber. Trade stands,
    |(sARoPNNFsrVr d€monstratior/participationgames,bring and buy. Traden
    ;;;^' ;-.,;. |,;
    contactDave King (0206)aa558.Clubs Contactcreg Mann
    N^PoLEONIC
    ARMY& LINJFoRM
    CUIDEI (0206\8264165 .
    THE TIJNBRIDGE Wf,LLS WARGAMFS SOCIETY
    announc€dtoday that ith annualopen day, now renamed
    CAVAUER will be held on the 27thof February1994.The
    venuewill againbe at St cregory's School,ReynotdsLane,
    Southborough.The event will include, demonstrationand
    participationgames,trade stands,free figure paintingand
    military modellingcompetition,bring and buy stand,and a
    nilitary history quiz. EnquiriesregardingCAVAUER 94
    shouldbe addressedin Miting to theo4aniser:CliveMcl€od,
    25 Royal Avenue, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 2DB. ceneral
    enqui esabouttheTWWSshouldbesentto theclubsecretary:
    POSTAGE& PACKINC uffitu Mr GeorgeGush,Holly crove, CranbrookRoad,Hawkhurst,
    Kent.
    Figures
    For Wargamers
    & Collectors
    Exclusively
    manufactured in the
    southof England.by'
    The ultimate15mmNapoleonics
    Wargames NEW- BritishLight& HeavyDragoons
    Russian
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    SSAEat2 IRCJot Iulllctuls to
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    Surrey. NEW - ChurchillVII, PzkpfwIVG & Tiger IE
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    in berets& LightRaidingOrder
    Tel: 030662'7796 lve also stock a ldrye raryE of vdieval Fags, rcftil ranBe oJ Skltrer 200
    *** Mail order onl), *** reh[ales.Int]Btott shipsdnd Hovelsb itdin.qs nore l1nnt vehiclessoon!

    B"{B* S6 e'l-"'-+ii"?lJ NOW IN LEAD-FREEPEWTER


    01.25per tigure, S1.75ps horse (untessotheftise noled).
    For calatoguesend 91.00ptus SASESampl€sg3.oo.
    lrake Checks,etc. payableto Jefi Caruso.S5.OOShippinqand Handtinqon a orders.
    Pricessubject to change|v/o notice.OverseasOrdersadd 409, ror Shippinglair).payment-byt.t .O. onty - no checks ptease

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    M R P o jP a n l h o va F i n g F E r o( l e l o e m

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    ,ll.USt?ArED- SEVEI{ WARERmSHSDdrBAmRY - PtJ nD 8YPErtRiloRBEY.


    YEARS
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    MORBEY

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    C r e d i tC a r dO r d e r s M a i l O r d e rA d d r e s s :
    TTLTREURN ARMIES,
    2 4 H O U R A N S A S E R V IFCOTR BOXTRTE,IHORNION
    CREDIICARDORDTRS DALT,NR. PICKERING,
    & ENQUIRITS N. YORKSYOl8 7SD
    Phone: 0751 7424a
    fax:07517729A

    THEf OLLOWTNCSrECEEQUTpMENTSARt NOWAVATLASLE:


    l5lBT srorm nsTower l.s I unratd) fl3.7s;2lrBU srominsTow€rcladdinq
    k i r ! 3 , 3 t :? 5 r A co n e c u b r 3 a l c h a 1 . 6 s : 2 5 / A D 1 0 M i no en ; p . r € 6 1 5 : 2 r a t
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    FIGURES H|CH.ALtLtOST- tL't e L/-.E- _z
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    CASUALTITS- Suirabh
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    CAMPAIGNSIN HISTORY

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