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No Identity of book Book 1 Book 2
1. Title of book Modern English a Practical Just Enought English
Reference Guide Grammar Illustrared
2. The writer (s) Marcella Frank Grabriele Stobbe
3. Edition I
4. City of publisher Amerika Serikat Amerika Serikat
5. Year of publishing 2008
6. Pages 414 132
7. Links https://b-
ok.asia/book/633899/1ee5ef

A. SUMMARY OF BOOK I
1. INTRODUCTION
BOOK 1
COVER
CONTENS
THE SE4TENCE
A sentence is a group of words that are put together to mean something. A sentence is
the basic unit of language which expresses a complete thought. It does this by
following the grammatical basic rules of syntax. For example:"Ali is walking"

BOOK 2
COVER

CONTENTS

 NOUNS
Types of Nouns
A noun is a word used to name a person,place, thing, or idea.
A noun is one of the most important words you use whenspeaking and writing. A
noun names a person, place, or thing;a quality, idea, or action.
We can classify or group nouns into the following categories: proper, common,
concrete, abstract, collective, and compoundnouns. The following chart explains these
classifications.
Nouns often come in the company of other words. It is important to learn about these
little words, since they signal that a noun follows, and this could assist you in
identifying nouns more easily.

 ADJECTIVES
Descriptive adjectives specify the shape,size, or color of the noun they modify.
Descriptive adjectives are often called common adjectives.Like a common noun, they
are ordinary, everyday adjectives.They describe a noun in a general way. Examples of
commonadjectives include soft, blue, sunny, small, and wet.
The second group of adjectives is called determiners. Sincedeterminers limit your
choices, they are also called limiting adjectives. A determiner is placed before the
noun it modifies.
A determiner helps to identify a specific nounrather than describe it.

 PRONOUNS
Pronouns are substitutes for nouns. The prefix “pro-” in the word pronoun means
“for.” The word pronoun simply means “for a noun” or “in place of a noun.” Part One
will take a closer look at the various forms pronouns can take. Part Two will show
you how to use these pronouns in sentences. Pronouns can do the same jobs that
nouns do, but their forms are different. Since pronouns are substitutes for nouns,
many concepts already covered in Chapter 1 are repeated here. This review will
enable you to strengthen your comprehension of some of the fundamental concepts of
the English language. Here is a summary of the material about the forms and uses of
pronouns covered in this chapter.
What Information Do Pronouns Give?
Uses of Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Grammar Person of Pronouns
Number of Pronouns
Gender of Pronouns
What Jobs Can Pronouns Do?
Pronouns as Subjects
Pronouns as Direct Objects
Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions
Possessive Pronouns
Pronouns as Question Words

 VERBS
The verb is the most fundamental part of speech. Only verbs can make a statement
about the subject. Every sentence must have a verb.
This chapter takes a close look at all the jobs verbs can perform. You will also learn
the names given to each type of verb. This will help you to identify and use each verb
correctly and effectively. Here is a summary of the material about the forms and uses
of verbs covered in this chapter.
Part One: Form of English Verbs
Verb Basics
Verb Families
Types of Verbs
Regular and Irregular Verbs
The Four Principal Parts

Part Two: Uses of English Verbs

The Four Principal Parts and Verb Tenses
Modals: Special Helping Verbs
Linking and Non-Action Verbs as Main Verbs
Verbs in Questions and Statements
Verbs Taking Objects
Verbs Expressing Commands

 ADVERBS
Adverbs act as modifiers. The prefix “ad-” in the word adverb means “to,”
“toward,” or “in addition to.” An adverb is a word that is used with a verb to expand
its meaning.
Adverbs add to or modify the meaning of verbs and are classified as
adverbs of time, location, manner, degree, and frequency.
Five Groups of Adverbs That Modify Verbs Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of time tell when an action happened, happens, or will happen. Some of the
most commonly used adverbs of time include early, today, now, yesterday, before,
soon, and tomorrow.
Adverbs of Location
Adverbs of location tell where an action happened, happens, or will happen. Here are
some examples of adverbs of location: above, inside, here, there, and everywhere.
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of manner tell how something happened, happens, or will happen. Some
commonly used adverbs of manner are loudly, carefully, well, quickly, and slowly.
Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of degree tell to what extent an action happened, happens, or will happen.
Here are some examples of this group of adverbs: completely, nearly, too, almost,
very, and fully.
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency tell how frequently an action happened, happens, or will
happen. Some commonly used adverbs of frequency are always, often, sometimes,
seldom, and never.
  PREPOSITIONS
This chapter deals with another group of little words you need to understand:
prepositions. Previous chapters showed how adverbs and adjectives add details to
verbs and nouns. Prepositions are words that are placed before nouns or pronouns;
they show a relationship in a sentence.
A preposition is a word or group of words that is placed before a noun or a
pronoun to show a relationship in a sentence.
Example: Fred is inside the food cart.
The word inside is a preposition. It shows the relationship between Fred and the cart.
Example: The food cart sits on top of the road.
The words on top of function as a preposition and show the relationship between the
food cart and the road.
 CONJUNCTIONS
This is the final group of important words for forming sentences that we will
study. The most common conjunctions that will be introduced in this chapter are and,
or, and but.
A conjunction joins words or a group of words of the same type.
A conjunction is a word used to join similar elements in a sentence. These
elements can be words, phrases, or sentences. The conjunctions introduced in this
chapter are also called coordinating conjunctions, because they coordinate elements
that are similar.

 INTERJECTIONS
Interjections are sudden, interrupting words or phrases that are also known as
exclamations. Common interjections include wow, well, hey, bravo, and oh.
An interjection expresses strong emotion or surprise; it functions independently
within a sentence.
Example: Wow! Look at that!
In the example above, we see that the interjection Wow! Stands apart from the rest of
the sentence and adds an element of surprise.
Interjections are often signaled by an exclamation mark.
Example: Bravo! You won the race!

2. DISCUSSION
 Strengthnesses
The advantages of this book are that the cover is attractive, the explanation is
easy to understand and not complicated, there are lots of pictures that make the
reader not bored, there are practice questions and there is an answer key on the
last page.
 Weaknesses
The weakness of this book is that the explanation lacks detail.
3. CONCLUSION
 Suggestion
If this paper has many deficiencies, ask for constructive criticism and
suggestions, because with these criticisms and suggestions, it will motivate me
to be even better in writing the next paper. In the strengths of the two books,
it should be more maintained and strengthened, and regarding the
shortcomings of the book so that it can be researched more to achieve
maximum results.
B. SUMMARY OF BOOK II
1. INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION TO PARTS OF SPEECH
Parts of Speech in English means types of words or word classes. It is called parts of
speech because it is parts of speech or parts of sentences (remember, basically
sentences in language are sentences that are spoken, not written down).
So, the words are the "basic ingredients" in a sentence "building", not the "function"
of the word in the sentence. Why is that? Because a word can have several (more than
one) functions in a sentence.
There are several types of Parts of speech, namely nouns, adjectives, adverbs,
pronouns, and so on. Each type has a different meaning and function.
 NOUN
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
man... Butte College... house... happiness

A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often used with an
article (the, a, an), but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter;
common nouns do not. Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or abstract. Nouns
show possession by adding 's. Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence;
for example, a noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject
complement, or object of a preposition.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly

disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on "Nouns" for further information.

 PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
She... we... they...  it

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a

specific noun, which is called its antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for
the pronoun she is the girl. Pronouns are further defined by type: personal pronouns
refer to specific persons or things; possessive pronouns indicate ownership; reflexive
 pronouns are used to emphasize another noun or pronoun; relative pronouns introduce
a subordinate clause; and demonstrative pronouns identify, point to, or refer to nouns.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly
disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on "Pronouns" for further information.

 VERB
A verb expresses action or being.
jump...  is... write... become

The verb in a sentence expresses action or being. There is a main verb and sometimes
one or more helping verbs. ("She can sing." Sing is the main verb; can is the helping
verb.) A verb must agree with its subject in number (both are singular or both are
plural). Verbs also take different forms to express tense.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she
quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on "Verbs" for more information.

 AUXILIARY VERBS
Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used to help clarify the main verb. In other words,
this auxiliary verb serves to form or add meaning to a clause or sentence. Therefore,
the auxiliary verb cannot be used without the main verb. Auxiliary verbs are used to
show tense, aspect, modal, emphasis, and so on. In a clause or sentence, this auxiliary
verb usually comes before the main verb.
 ADJECTIVE
An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
pretty...  old...  blue... smart
An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually
answers the question of which one, what kind, or how many. (Articles [a, an, the] are
usually classified as adjectives.)
The  young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly
disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on "Adjectives" for more information.

 ARTICLES
The articles are the words "a," "an," and "the." They define whether something is
specific or unspecific. There are two types of article: (1) The Definite Article (The).
"The" is called the definite article
 ADVERB
 An adverb modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

gently... extremely...  carefully... well

An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a

noun. It usually answers the questions of when, where, how, why, under what
conditions, or to what degree. Adverbs often end in -ly.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher,

and  then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on "Adverbs" for more information.

 PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase
modifying another word in the sentence.

by... with.... about...  until

(by the tree, with our friends, about the book, until tomorrow)

A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying

another word in the sentence. Therefore a preposition is always part of a prepositional
phrase. The prepositional phrase almost always functions as an adjective or as an
adverb. The following list includes the most common prepositions:

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly
disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on "Prepositions" for more information.

 CONJUNCTION
A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.

and...  but...  or... while... because

A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between
the elements joined. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal
elements: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses
that are not equal: because, although, while, since, etc. There are other types of
conjunctions as well.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly
disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on "Conjunctions" for more information.

 CLAUSES AND SENTENCES

 clause: A clause is a combination of a predicate (full verb or nonverbal predicate) and
its arguments, plus modifiers. sentence: A sentence is a maximal clause, i.e.
a clause that is not part of another clause. complex clause (= “complex sentence”): A
complex clause is a clause that contains at least one other clause.
 INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES
Syntactic Structures is an influential work in linguistics by American linguist Noam
Chomsky, ... Reiterating notions introduced to linguistics by the Danish linguist
Louis Hjelmslev, Chomsky stated ... In particular, Chomsky's analysis of
the complex English auxiliary verb system in Syntactic Structures had great
rhetorical effect.
 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb (adverb) and
provides information about the verb (verb), adjective (adjective), or adverb that is in
the independent clause with the capacity to answer questions such as: how (how),
when (when (when) ), where (where), and why (why)
 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The adjective clause (or relative clause) is one of the most important parts of English
grammar because it is often used and plays a role in providing more detailed
information in a sentence. Basically, an adjective clause is a clause that cannot stand
alone (dependent clause) which functions to modify nouns or pronouns in complex
sentences.
 NOUN CLAUSES
A noun clause is a group of words acting together as a noun. These clauses are
always dependent clauses. That is, they do not form a complete sentence. Take a look
at some sample sentences containing noun clauses to understand their purpose and
function.
 PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
Participial phrase adalah kombinasi antara participle (present atau past participle)
dengan complement dan/atau modifier. Modifier adalah kata, phrase, atau clause yang
berfungsi sebagai adverb bagi participle; sementara complement dapat berupa object
jika participle merupakan transitive verb
 GERUND PHRASES
A gerund phrase is a phrase that consists of a gerund, object, and / or modifier.
Modifier itself is a word, phrase, or clause which functions as an adjective (adjective)
or adverb (adverb) which explains another word or group of words, in this case, a
gerund.
 INFINITIVE PHRASES
An infinitive phrase is the infinitive form of a verb plus
any complements and modifiers. The complement of an infinitive verb will often be
its direct object, and the modifier will often be an adverb. For example:
He likes to knead the dough slowly.
 (The infinitive verb is "to knead." The complement is its direct object ("the
dough"). The modifier is the adverb ("slowly"). They all make up the infinitive
phrase (the shaded text).)

 ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTIONS
Absolute construction is a clause / phrase with a non-finite verb or no verb which has
its own subject and is syntactically and semantically separate from the main sentence.
An absolute construction modifies the entire main clause, not just parts of the main
clause (eg a relative clause / phrase which only modifies the subject / object of the
main clause).
An example of absolute construction:
The car drove passed us, its windows tinted black.
 ABSTRACT NOUN PHRASES
In English grammar, an abstract noun is a noun or noun phrase that names an idea,
event, quality or concept — for example, courage, freedom, progress, love, patience,
excellence and friendship. An abstract noun names something that can't be
physically touched. Contrast that with a concrete noun.
 APPOSITIVE NOUN AND ADJECTIVE PHRASES

An appositive (or appositional) phrase may be considered a form of adjective clause.

The apposition is a noun (or sometimes a pronoun) that, by itself or accompanied by an
attribute (adjective), is joined to another noun in order to better describe it. An
appositive (or appositional) phrase is a phrase that, referring to a noun, specifies it. An
appositive phrase may be considered a changed form of an adjective clause.
The phrase the only one in the bus is the appositive phrase.
Single nouns can function as appositives:
Voltaire, poète, penseur, moraliste, eut une très grande influence sur ses
contemporains.
(Voltaire, poet, thinker, moralist, had a great influence on his contemporaries.)

Each of the nouns "poet," "thinker," "moralist" is an appositive, or, as is often said, "a
noun in apposition" with the subject, Voltaire.

2. DICUSSION
The advantages of this book are:
 has a normal text size so it's easy to read
 book cover is more colorful
 The explanation of the discussion in this book is very clear and is accompanied
by explanatory examples

The drawbacks of this book are:

 There are some explanations that are difficult to understand

3. CONCLUSION
- Suggestion
This book is good but it would be better to pay more attention in some
explanations