International Journal Volume 6

on Marine Navigation Number 3

and Safety of Sea Transportation September 2012

Development and Standardization of

Intelligent Transport Systems
G. Nowacki
Motor Transport Institute, Warsaw, Poland

ABSTRACT: The paper refers to theoretical basis and history of Intelligent Transport Systems. The first term
telematics was created in 1978, then transport telematics in 1990 and term - Intelligent Transportation Sys-
tems (ITS) were approved in USA and Japan in 1991 and in Europe in 1994 on the world ITS Congress in
France. The development and standardization of Intelligent Transportation Systems has been presented. ITS
standardization in Europe is dealt with by the following institutions: CEN, ETSI and CENELEC. Furthermore
standards of the applications of maritime intelligent transport systems have been presented including maritime
Management and Information Systems, sea environment and interactive data on-line networks, ship integrated
decision support systems, Advanced maritime navigation services, automatic identification, tracking and
monitoring of vessels, as well as safety purposes.

1 DEVELOPMENT OF ITS − for electronic communication, linking individual

elements of the telematics system, WAN (wide
1.1 Terminology of ITS area network), LAN (local area network), mobile
telecommunication network, satellite systems);
The term telematics comes from the French - télé-
− for information collection (measurement sensors,
matique and first appeared in the literature at the end
video cameras, radars);
of the seventies. In 1978 two French experts: S.
− of information presentation for the telematics sys-
Nora and A. Minc, introduced this term- télé-
tem administrators (GIS – Geographical Infor-
matique, which was created by linking telecommu-
mation System, access control systems);
nication (télécommunications) and informatics (in-
− Of information presentation for the system users
formatique), and using the following segments of
(light signalling, radio broadcasting, internet
those words: télé and matique. In 1980 this term be-
technologies).
gan to function also in the English terminology
(Mikulski 2007). The term telematics describes the Telematics term has begun to be introduced into
combination of the transmission of information over various branches of the economy, hence the appear-
a telecommunication network and the computerized ance of such terms as: financial, building, health,
processing of this information (Goel 2007). environmental protection, operational, postal, library
telematics.
Some authors define the term telematics, as tele-
communication, information and informatics tech- A particular example illustrating the application
nology solutions, as well as automatic control solu- of the telematics is modern transport. Transport
tions, adapted to the needs of the physical systems telematics encompasses systems, which allow –
catered for – and their tasks, infrastructure, organiza- thanks to a data transmission and its analysis – to in-
tion maintenance processes, management and inte- fluence the road traffic participants’ behaviour or
grated with these systems (Tokuyama 1996, Piecha operation of the vehicles’ technical elements, or out
2003, Wawrzyński 2003, Mikulski 2007, Nowacki on the road, during the actual haulage (Internation-
2008). ales Verkehrswesen 2003).
Telematics systems use various software, devices Transport telematics term has been used in Eu-
and applications: rope since 1990.
403
 The applications of transport telematics are Intel- data and to share information and knowledge. ITS
ligent Transportation Systems (ITS). application means an operational instrument for the
application of ITS. ITS service - the provision of an
ITS mean the systems, in which people, roads and
ITS application through a well-defined organisation-
vehicles are linked through the network utilizing,
al and operational framework with the aim of con-
advanced information technology (Berghout &
tributing to user safety, efficiency, comfort and/or to
1999).
facilitate or support transport and travel operations.
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) mean sys- ITS service provider means any provider of and ITS
tems in which information and communication tech- service, whether public or private. ITS user is any
nologies are applied in the field of road transport, user of ITS applications or services including travel-
including infrastructure, vehicles and users, and in lers, vulnerable road users, road transport infrastruc-
traffic management and mobility management, as ture users and operators, fleet managers and opera-
well as for interfaces with other modes of transport tors of emergency services.
(Directive 2010/40/EC).
ITS integrate telecommunications, electronics and
information technologies with transport engineering
in order to plan, design, operate, maintain and man-
age transport systems. The application of infor-
mation and communication technologies to the road
transport sector and its interfaces with other modes
of transport will make a significant contribution to
improving environmental performance, efficiency,
including energy efficiency, safety and security of
road transport, including the transport of dangerous
goods, public security and passenger and freight
mobility, whilst at the same time ensuring the func-
tioning of the internal market as well as increased
levels of competitiveness and employment.
Figure.1. General structure of telematics system The conclusion from many years of research con-
ducted in the USA and Canada is that, the use of ITS
results in the reduction of the funds allocated for the
Legend: transport infrastructure even by 30 – 35 %, with the
− WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple same functionality of the system (FHWA-OP-03-
Access) an ITU standard is officially known as XXX 2005).
IMT-2000 direct spread. ITU (International Tele-
communication Union – former CCIT (Comité 1.2 Development phases of ITS
Consultatif Internationale de Télégraphie et Télé-
phonie) was created in the first of March 1993. Based on the analysis of the literature, it is possible
− CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is to select three phases in the history Intelligent
a spread spectrum multiple access technique. Transport Systems development to date – fig. 2.
A spread spectrum technique spreads the band- First phase is the beginning of ITS research in the
width of the data uniformly for the same transmit- 1970 and 1980s. Since the 1970's, several European
ted power. Spreading code is a pseudo-random companies have developed more complex systems
code that has a narrow Ambiguity function, un- that broadcasted a code at the start of the message so
like other narrow pulse codes. In CDMA a locally that only cars affected by that information would re-
generated code runs at a much higher rate than ceive it. In Germany, ARI, a highway radio system
the data to be transmitted. using FM (Frequency Modulation), was introduced
The general structure of Intelligent Transportation in 1974 to alleviate traffic congestion on north-
Systems applications may include: vehicle, airplane bound autobahns during summer holidays.
& ship operations, crash prevention and safety, elec-
tronic payment and pricing, emergency manage-
ment, freeway management, incident management,
information management, intermodal freight, road
weather management, roadway operations and
maintenance, transit management, traveller infor-
mation.
Interoperability of ITS is the capacity of systems
and the underlying business processes to exchange
404
 cated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle Safety in Eu-
rope (DRIVE), set up by the European Community.
PROMETHEUS was started in 1986 and was initiat-
ed as part of the EUREKA program, a pan-European
initiative aimed at improving the competitive
strength of Europe by stimulating development in
such areas as information technology, telecommuni-
cations, robotics, and transport technology. The pro-
ject is led by 18 European automobile companies,
state authorities, and over 40 research institutions.
In 1991 ERTICO (European Road Transport
Telematics Implementation Coordination Organiza-
Figure 2. History of ITS development tion) was created with support of EC as a private-
public partnership, and is open to all European or-
ganizations or international organizations operating
Legend: substantially in Europe with an interest in ITS. It fa-
cilitates the safe, secure, clean, efficient and com-
– ARI (Auto-fahrer Rundfunk Information), fortable mobility of people and goods in Europe
– ERGS (Electronic Route Guidance System), through the widespread deployment of ITS. Specifi-
– TRC (Traffic responsive Capabilities), cally, ERTICO:
– CACS (Comprehensive Automobile Control Sys-
tem, − provides a platform for its Partners to define ITS
– ARTS (Adaptive Responsive Traffic System), development & deployment needs,
– TRACS (Traffic Responsive Adaptive Control − acquires and manages publicly funded ITS devel-
System), opment and deployment projects on behalf of its
– RACS (Road/Automobile Communication Sys- Partners,
tem, − formulates and communicates the necessary Eu-
– VICS (Vehicle Intelligent Control System), ropean framework conditions for the deployment
– CIMS (Control Intelligent Management System), of ITS,
– ASV (Advanced System of Vehicle). − Enhances the awareness of ITS benefits amongst
decision makers and opinion leaders.
Since 1970, the Department of Main Roads in
Australia installed the first system that included 30 Applied effectively, ITS can save lives, time and
signalized intersections featuring centralized control money as well as reduce the impact of mobility on
and TRC. the environment. ERTICO’s vision is of a European
transport system that is safer, more efficient, and
In the United States, government sponsored in- more sustainable and more secure than today. ITS
vehicle navigation and route guidance system - technology, combined with the appropriate invest-
ERGS was the initial stage of a larger research and ment in infrastructure, will have reduced congestion
development effort called the ITS (Dingus & 1996). and accidents while making transport networks more
In 1973 the Ministry of International Trade and In- secure and reducing their impact on the environ-
dustry (MITI) in Japan funded the Comprehensive ment.
Automobile Control System (CACS) (Dingus 1996
& Tokuyama 1996). All of these systems shared a In Japan, work on the RACS project, which
common emphasis on route guidance and were formed the basis for current car navigation system,
based on central processing systems with huge cen- began in 1984. In 1985, a second generation traffic
tral computers and communications systems. Due to management system was installed in Australia. This
limitations, these systems never resulted in practical was known as the TRACS.
application. In 1989 in the USA the Mobility 2000 group was
In the second phase from 1981 and 1994 the con- formed and led to the formation of IVHS (Intelligent
ditions for ITS development were determined. Tech- Vehicle Highway Systems) America in 1990, whose
nological reforms, such as the advent of mass function was to act as a Federal Advisory Commit-
memory, made information processing cheaper. New tee for the US Department of Transportation. IVHS
research and development efforts directed at practi- program was defined as an integral part, became law
cal use got under way. Two projects were being run in order to develop “a national intermodal transport
in Europe at the same time: the Program for a Euro- system that is economically sound, to provide the
pean Traffic System with Higher Efficiency and Un- foundation for the nation to compete in the global
precedented Safety (PROMETHEUS), which was economy, and to move people and goods in an ener-
mainly set up by auto manufacturers, and the Dedi- gy-efficient manner”.

405
 In 1991 ITS America was established as a not- recently in operation in Japan. VICS started from
for-profit organization to foster the use of advanced April 1996 in Tokyo and Osaka by VICS Centre
technologies in surface transportation systems. supported by Ministry of Construction, Ministry of
Members include private corporations, public agen- Telecommunications and National Police Agency
cies, academic institutions and research centres. The and expanding the service area. VICS Centre re-
common goal is to improve the safety, security and ceives real time traffic information from Highway
efficiency of the U.S. transportation system via ITS. Traffic Information Centre which gathers the infor-
Traffic accidents and congestion take a heavy toll in mation from each of the highway authorities. And
lives, lost productivity, and wasted energy. ITS ena- VICS Centre provides the information through road-
bles people and goods to move more safely and effi- side beacons as well as FM broadcasting.
ciently through a state-of-the-art, multi-modal trans- In Australia in 1998, the TRAC and South East
portation system. ITS America has sister Freeway’s systems merged to create STREAMS
organizations in Europe and Japan, as well as affili- Version 1. Since 2007 STREAMS Version 3 was
ates in Canada, Brazil, and elsewhere. implemented. It is Integrated Intelligent Transport
The third phase began in 1994, when the practical System that provides traffic signal management, in-
applications of earlier programs were seen, under- cident management, motorway management, vehicle
stood, and intelligent transportation systems were priority, traveller information and parking guidance.
being thought of in intermodal terms rather than ITSS (Intelligent Transportation Systems Society)
simply in terms of automobile traffic. ITS have is governed in accordance with the Constitution and
started to gain recognition as critical elements in the Bylaws of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
national and international overall information tech- Engineers (IEEE), the basis of ITSS (Press Release
nology hierarchy. announcing the new ITS Council) were implemented
In 1994 the IVHS program (USA) was renamed in 1999. The purposes of the Society are to bring to-
the ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) indicat- gether the community of scientists and engineers
ing that besides car traffic also other modes of trans- who are involved in the field of interest stated here-
portation receive attention and during the first world in, and to advance the professional standing of the
congress in Paris, the term - Intelligent Transport Members and Affiliates.
Systems (ITS) was accepted. New development of the Intelligent Transport
Development of the transport telematics and ITS Systems is opened by the program of an EU com-
applications was envisaged in the IV EU Framework mon transport policy for the years 2001–2010. Addi-
Program (1994-1998). The 4th Framework Program tionally, the European Commission has begun the
adopted by the Council and Parliament in April 1994 negotiations, in order to achieve consensus on the in-
includes telematics as a major topic of research. It troduction in 2010 of an e-Call emergency system in
invites the Commission to draw up Telematics Ap- all new cars (the new deadline is 2014).
plications for Transport in Europe Program (4 No- The matter of transport telematics appeared in
vember 1994) for the measures required at Commu- Polish publications in the middle of the nineties. In
nity level for the implementation of Telematics in 1997 the attempt was made to define conceptual
the Transport Sector (action plan); and to support the scope and the area of transport telematics applica-
work of standardization in traffic management by tions (Wawrzyński 2003), which were finally de-
means of all suitable measures including research scribed as a branch of knowledge and technical ac-
and development. tivities integrating information technology with
ITS Japan established in 1994 promotes research, telecommunication in the applications for the needs
development and implementation of ITS in coopera- of the transport systems.
tion with five related national ministries in Japan On the 19 of March 2007 in the district court of
and serves as the primary contact for ITS-related ac- Katowice, the registration took place of the Polish
tivities throughout the Asia Pacific region. ITS Ja- Association of Transport Telematics (PATT). It is a
pan is Part of a Global Advanced Information and newly called gathering, which members dwelling
Telecommunications Society. The policies of ITS from various environments such like colleges, re-
include development of system architecture, re- search institutes, national and private companies of
search and development (R&D), standardization and transport business, put themselves for target, through
international cooperation, and so on. The Interminis- activity in Association, propagating transport
terial Council works in cooperation with the national telematics and its applications into possible diverse
and international organizations - such as the Vehicle, circles of recipients.
Road, and Traffic Intelligence Society (VERTIS) -
and supports a variety of activities. VICS (Vehicle 31 May 2007 was signed the agreement between
Information and Communication System) and ATIS PATT and Intelligent Transportation Systems Slo-
(Advanced Traffic Information System) have been vakia, concerning the realization of bilateral contacts
406
and the mutual partnership for the development in- CENELEC – European Committee for Electro
telligent transport systems in signatory’s' countries. technical Standardization - was formed in 1973. In
Poland the role of the State Committee is performed
In 2008 PATT became the Member of the ERTI-
by Polish Standardization Committee – PKN (it is a
CO – ITS Europe-hosted Network of National ITS
CENELEC member since 1 of January 2004).
Associations.
CENELEC, together with CEN and ETSI form
On the 26 of April 2007 the founder’s meeting
European technical standardizing system, whilst in-
took place of an Intelligent Transport Systems Asso-
ternational standards come under the jurisdiction of
ciation - ITS Poland. The association’s objective is
the International Organization for Standardization
to form a partnership of knowledge for the promo-
(ISO) and International Electro technical Commis-
tion of the ITS solutions, as a means to improving
sion (IEC).
transport efficiency and safety, with the natural envi-
ronment protection in mind. ITS Poland cooperates In 1991, the Technical Committee for Transport
with similar organizations in Europe and world Telematics and Road Traffic - CEN/TC 278 (Road
wide. Transport and Traffic Telematics) was established.
Also, a world organization – Telecommunication
Industry Association has been established, within
2 STANDARDIZATION OF ITS AREA which, the Technical Committee ISO/TC 204 is re-
sponsible for standardization in Transport Telemat-
2.1 Standardization of ITS ics (Intelligent Transport Systems).
European Intelligent Transport Systems have been In the Committee TC 278, as well as in TC 204,
fully exploited to maximize the potential of the there are working groups, which are responsible for
transport network. European standards will become various areas of activities – table 1.
a key element of the preferred solutions in emerging
economies.
Public transport users will have access to up-to- Table 1. Areas of activities for TC 278 and TC 204 working
the-minute information, as well as the benefit of groups
smart and seamless ticketing. Freight operators will The activity area TC 278 TC 204
have real-time information about the entire logistics
chain, enabling them to choose the most secure and EFC –Electronic fee collection and WG 1 WG 5
efficient route for their consignments. access control

Standardization in transport telematics in Europe FFMS – Freight and Fleet Manage- WG 2 WG 7

is dealt with by the following institutions ment systems
(Wawrzyński 2003 & Wydro 2001): CEN, ETSI and PT – Public Transport WG 3 WG 8
CENELEC.
TTI – Traffic & Traveller Infor- WG 4 WG 10
CEN (European Standardization Committee) - is
mation
a private technical association of a „non-profit” type,
operating within a Belgian legislation, with a seat in TC – Traffic Control WG 5 WG 9
Brussels. Officially it was formed in 1974, but the
GRD – Geographic road data WG 7
beginnings of its activities date back to – Paris,
1961. The primary task of CEN is drafting, ac- RTD – Road Traffic Data WG 8
ceptance and dissemination of the European stand-
DSRC – Dedicated Short Range WG 9 WG 15
ards and other standardizing documents in all the
Communication
spheres of the economy, except electro-technology,
electronics and telecommunication. Currently CEN HMI – Human-machine Interfaces WG 10
has 30 state members. Polish Standardization Com-
Automatic Vehicle Identification and WG 12 WG 4
mittee (PKN) gained the status of a full CEN mem-
Automatic Equipment Identification
ber on the 1 January 2004.
Architecture and terminology WG 13 WG 1
ETSI – European Institute for the Telecommuni-
cation Standards – was formed on the 29 of March After theft systems for the recovery WG 14
1988, and is the European equivalent of IEEE. The of stolen vehicles
prime objective of ETSI is drafting standards neces-
Safety WG 15
sary for creation of the European telecommunication
market. In 1995 the work of the organization was Data base technology WG3
made international by admitting also the institutions
Navigation systems WG 11
from outside Europe, to participate in it.

407
Vehicle/road way warning and con- WG 14 2.2 Standardization of Maritime Intelligent Systems
trol systems
Maritime telematics applications support routine
Wide area communications/protocols WG 16 maritime operations, including navigation, as well as
and interfaces safety purposes.
Intermodal aspects using mobile de- WG 17 Maritime intelligent systems involve the use of
vices for ITS GPS technologies, wireless mobile communication
systems, internet access, which provide vessel track-
ing, emergency aid and electronic mapping to moni-
TC 278 Technical Committee formulated follow- tor and provide important boat data from port, land
ing standards for the transport telematics: EN 12253, or sea. Systems normally consist of a user interface,
EN 12795, and EN 12834 (ISO 15628) and EN satellite antenna, and a communication link with the
13372 – table 2. vessel’s electronic systems. This technology can be
vital to the user since it provides a satellite link to
the outside world when other communications may
Table 2. Standards for the transport telematics formulated by unavailable. The standards of maritime telematics
TC 278 were presented in table 4.
Standard Characterization
EN 12253 RTTT. DSRC. Physical layer using micro-
(2003) wave at 5.8 GHz. Traffic control, Physical Table 4. Standards for the maritime telematics by CEN
layer (OSI), Open systems interconnection,
Stand- Characterization
Microwave links, Radio links, Information
exchange, Data transmission, Communica- ard
tion networks, Mobile communication sys- EN Narrow-band direct-printing telegraph equipment
tems, Telecommunication systems, Data
300065 for receiving meteorological or navigational in-
processing.
EN 12795 RTTT. DSRC data link layer. Medium ac- formation (NAVTEX). Part 1: Technical charac-
(2003) cess and logical link control. teristics and methods of measurement. Part 2:
EN 12834 RTTT. DSRC application layer. Harmonized EN covering the essential require-
(2003) ments of article 3.2. Part 3: Harmonized EN cov-
EN 13372 RTTT. DSRC. Profiles for RTTT applica- ering the essential requirements of article 3.3.
(2003 tions. EN Float-free maritime satellite Emergency Position
Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) operating in
300066
ETSI - European Institute for the Telecommuni- the 406,0 MHz to 406,1 MHz frequency band.
cation standards developed standards EN 300674 Technical characteristics.
and EN 301091, concerning transport telematics – EN Radiotelephone transmitters and receivers for the
table 3. 300162 maritime mobile service operating in VHF bands.
-1 Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of
Table 3. Standards for the transport telematics developed by measurement.
ETSI
Standard Characterisation EN Technical characteristics and methods of meas-
300225 urement for survival craft portable VHF radiotel-
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio ephone apparatus.
spectrum Matters (ERM); RTTT; DSRC
EN Technical characteristics and methods of meas-
ETSI EN 300 transmission equipment (500 Kbit/s / 250
Kbit/s) operating in the 5, 8 GHz Industrial, 300338 urement for equipment for generation, transmis-
674-1 V1.2.1
Scientific and Medical (ISM) band; Part 1: sion and reception of Digital Selective Calling
General characteristics and test methods for (DSC) in the maritime MF, MF/HF and/or VHF
Road Side Units (RSU) and On-Board mobile service,
Units (OBU). EN Maritime mobile transmitters and receivers for
300373 use in the MF and HF bands; Part 1: Technical
ETSI EN 300 Part 2.1: Harmonized EN under article 3.2 -1 characteristics and methods of measurement.
674-2-1 V1.1.1 of the R&TTE Directive; Sub-part 1: Re-
EN Radio telephone transmitters and receivers for the
quirements for the Road Side Unit (RSU).
300698 maritime mobile service operating in the VHF
-1 bands used on inland waterways; Part 1: Tech-
ETSI EN 300 Part 2.2: Harmonized EN under article 3.2
nical characteristics and methods.
674-2-2 V1.1.1 of the R&TTE Directive; Sub-part 2: Re-
quirements for the On-Board Unit (OBU). EN Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) on-board communi-
300720 cations systems and equipment; Part 1: Technical
-1 characteristics and methods of measurement.

408
 EN VHF radiotelephone equipment for general com- rules for how ITS devices can perform, how they
301025 munications and associated equipment for Class can connect, and how they can exchange data in or-
-1 'D' Digital Selective Calling (DSC); Part 1: Tech- der to interoperate. It is important to note that ITS
nical characteristics and meas. standards are not design standards: They do not
specify specific products or designs to use. Instead,
EN Technical characteristics and methods of meas-
the use of standards gives transportation agencies
301033 urement for ship borne watch keeping receivers
confidence that components from different manufac-
for reception of DSC in the maritime MF, MF/HF
turers will work together, without removing the in-
and VHF bands.
centive for designers and manufacturers to compete
EN Portable Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotele- to provide products that are more efficient or offer
301178 phone equipment for the maritime mobile service more features.
-1 operating in the VHF bands (for non-GMDSS ap-
The ability of different ITS devices and compo-
plications only); Part 1: Technical characteristics
nents to exchange and interpret data directly through
and methods of measurement.
a common communications interface, and to use the
EN Maritime Mobile Earth Stations (MMES) operat- exchanged data to operate together effectively, is
301403 ing in the 1,5 GHz and 1,6 GHz bands providing called interoperability. Interoperability is key to
voice and direct printing for the Global Maritime achieving the full potential of ITS. Seamless data
Distress and Safety System (GMDSS); Technical exchange would allow an emergency services vehi-
characteristics and methods of measurement. cle to notify a traffic management center to trigger
change in the timing of the traffic signals on the path
EN Technical characteristics and methods of meas-
to a hospital, in order to assist the responding ambu-
301466 urement for two-way VHF radiotelephone appa-
lance.
ratus for fixed installation in survival draft.
Interoperability is defined as the ability of ITS
EN Technical characteristics and methods of meas-
systems to:
301688 urement for fixed and portable VHF equipment
operating on 121,5 MHz and 123,1 MHz. − Provide information and services to other systems
− Use exchanged information and services to oper-
EN Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard ate together effectively.
301843 for marine radio equipment and services; The European Commission Mandate M/453 in-
-1 Part 1: Common technical requirements. vites the European Standardisation Organisations -
EN Radiotelephone transmitters and receivers for the ESOs (ETSI, CEN, CENELEC), to prepare a coher-
301925 maritime mobile service operating in VHF bands. ent set of standards, technical specifications and
Technical characteristics and methods of meas- technical reports within the timescale required in the
urement. Mandate to support European Community wide im-
plementation and deployment of interoperable Co-
EN VHF transmitters and receivers as Coast Stations operative Intelligent Transport Systems (Co-
301929 for GMDSS and other applications in the mari- operative ITS).
-1 time mobile service. Part 1: Technical characteris-
tics and methods. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) means apply-
ing Information and Communication Technologies
EN Satellite Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) oper- (ICT) to the transport sector (M/453). ITS can create
302152 ating in the 406, 0 MHz to 406, 1 MHz frequency clear benefits in terms of transport efficiency, sus-
-1 band; Part 1: Technical characteristics and meth- tainability, safety and security, whilst contributing to
ods of measurement. the EU Internal Market and competitiveness objec-
EN Navigation radar used on inland waterways: Part tives. To take full advantage of the benefits that ICT
302194 1: Technical characteristics and methods of meas- based systems and applications can bring to the
-1 urement. transport sector it is necessary to ensure interopera-
bility among the different systems throughout Eu-
EN Active radar target enhancers; Harmonized EN rope at least.
302752 covering the essential requirements of article 3.2
of the R&TTE Directive. This Mandate supports the development of tech-
nical standards and specifications for Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS) within the European Stand-
2.3 Actual activities of ITS standardization in EU ards Organisations in order to ensure the deployment
and interoperability of Co-operative systems, in par-
ITS standards define how ITS systems, products, ticular those operating in the 5 GHz frequency band,
and components can interconnect, exchange infor- within the European Community. Standardisation is
mation and interact to deliver services within a a priority area for the European Commission in the
transportation network. ITS standards are open- ITS Action Plan in order to achieve European and
interface standards that establish communication global ITS co-operation and coordination.
409
 Standardisation for Cooperative ITS systems has than that of GPS. Integration of tools by using
already been initiated both by ETSI and ISO as well standards would allow: reducing times and errors
as within other international standards organisations. (preventing re-typing), facilitating engineering &
European standardisation activities to provide stand- trading, improving data recording, improving sur-
ardised solutions for Cooperative ITS services are vey, maintenance and repair (life cycle). Telematics
therefore closely related to the world wide standardi- is a vital means of development for maritime
sation activities. transport in the European Union.
Within three months of the date of acceptance of One of the key benefits of ITS is the exchange of
this Mandate ETSI, CEN and CENELEC must pre- information and completion of transactions directly
sent a report to the Commission with the work pro- between computers, eliminating the need for pro-
gram to achieve goal of completion of the standardi- cessing purchase orders, bills of lading or invoices.
zation process for Cooperative ITS services. Clear, constructive, harmonised, and easy applicable
legal rules affect differently the economic parame-
Particular attention must be given to the involve-
ters of maritime transport than vague and contradic-
ment of all relevant parties, including public authori-
tory legal rules or even more the absence of legal
ties, and to the working arrangements between rele-
provisions. Community legislation now exists for all
vant industry forums and consortia.
modes of transport creating new open market condi-
Within one year of the date of acceptance of this tions.
Mandate ETSI, CEN and CENELEC must present
The European Commission Mandate M/453 on
a progress report on the achievements in accordance
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems was ap-
with the work program. CEN, CENELEC and ETSI
proved by CEN and ETSI.
must present annual progress reports to the Commis-
sion services. Furthermore, within the frame of high level
agreements between the European Union, US De-
Twenty months after the acceptance of this man-
partment of Transportation and the Japanese com-
date, a comprehensive report must be presented with
munication ministries on global activities to harmo-
the status of the on-going work and the latest availa-
nize standardization and cooperative ITS
ble draft of the different standards.
applications as well as a roadmap for deployment,
The European Commission mandate on Coopera- this high level managers round table will provide
tive Intelligent Transport Systems requires the syn- the latest news on the global activities and discuss
chronization among the European Standards Organi- the way forward to achieve global interpretability for
zations on one hand; on the other hand it cooperative ITS when implemented and deployed in
recommends collecting feedback from stakeholders a few years.
affected by that standardization work. This session
In September 2010 the standard ETSI EN 302
intends to verify if all the bits and bytes of standard-
665 specifying the ITS Communications Architec-
ization fit to each other, to identify shortcomings and
ture has been published. Although the architecture
potential show-stoppers and to find proposals for
has been designed in a modular way that allows flex-
challenging standardization issues. In addition, the
ible usage and implementation it is still required to
session offers the possibilities to present topics that
harmonize the internal interfaces between the mod-
should be considered by standardization additional-
ules and the interfaces to the external world.
ly.

REFERENCES
3 CONCLUSIONS
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