Els Module 1
Els Module 1
Els Module 1
Okay, let‟s get going. Find a seat with a well-lighted table. You
may also choose to annotate as this module is yours to keep. Sit
back, relax, and enjoy!
_________3. British and American Englishes are under one large language
family.
Finished? Okay, for now, put aside your answers here, we will get
back to them later once we‟re done with the module. As you read, you
may also go back to your answers here. But make sure that you don‟t
change your answers. Anyway, it‟s okay if you get them all wrong.
Learning from mistakes is an attitude worth keeping anyway.
Get Ready
Study
Now, take a good hold to what you have just learned about the major
branches of linguistics. Let‟s now go over the changes of English in
majority of the levels of language study.
Example:
Example:
ME nightigale nightingale
Example:
alarum alarm
Example:
ME bridde bird
Example:
nouns
Pronouns
Examples:
Examples:
editor edit
pease pea
burglar burgle
Bell Rings!
Wow! That’s quite a grind of words! Now, it’s time to take a break.
Just a piece of advice though: instead of checking your phone, try
taking a walk or napping. From my personal experience, browsing
through the web makes me more tired. Remember that your break’s
goal is to feel rested before you go back to reading and studying.
3. Semantic Change
Hi there, again! How did your break time go? I hope you haven‟t slept off
what you read earlier too. Now, let‟s get back to studying. As we have
been reading, English has gone through considerable changes. We started
with sounds, and then went on to the changes in word structure. The
meaning of English words has also been evolving through time. Here are
some of these changes:
Examples:
aroma aroma
(14th Century) definition: smell (From 1841 up to present)
of spices definition: good smells in
general
Examples:
nice nice
(12th Century) definition: silly, (1830 up to present)definition:
stupid, foolish kind, thoughtful
Examples:
notorious notorious
(1548) definition: well-known, (17th Cent. up to present)
commonly known definition: well-known for bad deed
Do this
Okay, now that you feel rested, let‟s get back into business. We will
now see how much you‟ve understood. If you think you‟re not ready for
this, take your time to re-read and re-study the lesson. But if you‟re now
ready to get into the challenge, let‟s then start.
I. Try to look at the changes in the following pairs and write on the blanks
the phonological change.
Phonological
Change
1. Old French paysan Middle English (ME) peasant
3. ME messager messenger
5. OE waps wasp
II. Here is a list of words. Identify the semantic change manifested in the
definitions given for each word.
How did you fare with the activities? There is an available Answer
will let you know how much you‟ve understood and how much you still
need to re-read. Let us see how many points you got. If you scored a
perfect 8-10 points, congratulations, you may now proceed to the next
topic. If you scored, 7-5 points, you did a fair job, but you need to
review the lapses you committed. If you scored 0-4 points, that‟s okay,
we learn from mistakes anyway. But, it is best for you to re-read the
topic.
Read
Proto-Indo-European (PIE)
Indo-European (IE)
English
Anatolian
Indo-Iranian
Indo-Iranian
Germanic
Celtic
The Celtic group is divided into two main sections. The first,
Continental group, is extinct. The second is the Insular Celtic in
which languages show up materially somewhat later. This group is
further divided into two: the Goidelic and Brittanic. The Goidelic
group is made up of Irish, Scots Gaelic, and the extinct Manx.
Brittanic, on the other hand, comprises of Welsh, Breton, and
Cornish
Baltic
Slavic
Armenian
Albanian
burglar burgle
Do this
Hi there, again! How was your break time? Well, I hope you
did not over-rest . Now, let‟s get back to studying and see how
much you have understood the topic. We will do two activities
here. Let‟s get the ball rolling.
Brittanic, Welsh,
Breton, and the
now-extinct Cornish
belong to my
subgroup
One of my most
notable features is
the absence of the
gender system
and the use of
animate-
How did you fare with the game? Did you write the same names on
the nametags as the answers stated in appendix B? If you scored a
perfect 4-5 points, congratulations, you‟ve mastered the linguistic
features and the members of the language subgroups! You may
now proceed to the next topic. If you scored, 3-4 points, you did a
fair job, but you need to review the lapses you committed. If you
scored 0-2, that‟s okay, we learn from mistakes anyway. But, it is
best for you to re-read the topic.
Suggested Readings