NCM 103 Fundamentals of Nursing
NCM 103 Fundamentals of Nursing
NCM 103 Fundamentals of Nursing
Module 5
COMMUNICATION IN NURSING
Dear students,
This module is dedicated to the students of Southern Luzon
State University at College of Allied Medicine in support to distant
learning during this time of pandemic, we hope that the students who
read this book will prepare you to shape your future in health care.
Southern Luzon State
University Brgy Kulapi,
Lucban Quezon
roracion@slsu.edu.ph
mquintos@slsu,edu.ph
09276449263
09232620275
https://classroom.google
.com/c/MjcxNTI3NDExMj
U5?cjc=wzwg4f5
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
OVERVIEW
The well-known adage, “if you give a man a fish, you feed him for a day, but if
you teach a man how to fish, you feed him for a lifetime,” signifies the importance of
client education. The teaching – learning process empowers clients and usually enables
them to achieve a higher level of wellness or to manage specific healthcare needs.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
DISCUSSION
Modes of Communication
Characteristics of Communication
1. Simplicity. Includes use of commonly understood words, brevity and
completeness.
2. Clarity. Involves saying exactly what is meant. The nurse also needs to speak
slowly and enunciate words well. Repeat the message as needed. Reduce
distractions.
3. Timing and Relevance. Require choice of appropriate time and consideration
of the client’s interests and concerns. Ask one question at a time. Wait for an
answer before making another comment.
4. Adaptability. Involves adjustment on what the nurse says and how it is said
depending on moods and behavior of the client.
5. Credibility. Means worthiness of belief. To become credible, the nurse
requires adequate knowledge about the topic being discussed. The nurse should
be able to provide accurate information, to convey confidence and certainly in
what she says. Most importantly, she should be a good role model for what she
teaches.
Components of Communication
Response (Feedback)
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Types of Records
A. Source Oriented medical record (Traditional client record)
Each person or department makes notations in a separate section/s of the
client’s chart.
Kardex
Provides a concise method of organizing and recording data about client,
making information readily accessible to all members of the health team.
It is a series of flip cards usually kept in portable file.
It is a way to ensure continuity of care from one shift to another from one
day to the next.
It is a tool for change – of – shift report. But endorsement is not simply
reciting content of Kardex. The health care needs of the client is still
primary basis for endorsement.
Kardex usually includes the following data:
o Personal data (demographic data)
o Basic needs
o Allergies
o Diagnostic tests
o Daily nursing procedures
o Medications and intravenous (IV) therapy, blood transfusions
o Treatments like oxygen therapy, steam inhalation, suctioning, change of
dressings, mechanical ventilation
Entries are usually in pencil so that they can be changed as client’s condition
changes. This implies the Kardex is for planning and communication purposes
only.
Reporting
Types of Reporting
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
4. Transfer reports.
This is done when transferring a client from one unit to another.
Learning
A change in human disposition or capability that persists over a period of time.
Reflected by a change of behavior.
Theories of Learning
Behaviorism. The transfer of knowledge could occur if the new situation
closely resembled the old situation. (Thorndike)
Cognitism. Learning is a complex cognitive (intellectual) activity. (Lewin)
Learning must be an individualized process. People do the best they can for
themselves relative to their unique perceptions.
Humanism. There is a natural tendency for people to learn and that learning
flourishes in an encouraging environment. Involves providing options for the
person and the resources and equipment for learning capacity for self-
determination and freedom to make choices. It involves respect for human
dignity.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
2. Make learning relevant. Patients are more likely to learn information that they
consider useful and relevant to their needs. E.g., teach people in the community
the use of herbal plants for treatment of illness.
3. Keep learning goals realistic. Patients are more likely to succeed with learning
if the goals are realistic. E.g., teach the daughter of an elderly client on how
to monitor blood sugar level of the client.
4. Relate new information to previous learning. Patients are more likely to learn
new information that corresponds to previous experience and learning. E.g.,
teach clients on the different food groups before planning well-balanced diet.
5. Include significant others. Patients are more likely to continue new behaviors
if significant other are included in the planning and teaching. E.g., teach the
wife of the client with hypertension on how to prepare low sodium, low fat, low
cholesterol diet.
6. Consider individual learning strengths and weaknesses. Data regarding the
patient’s intellectual and physical capabilities should guide the choice of
appropriate teaching materials. E.g., use various teaching materials like audio
– visual aids, models, articles, equipment to facilitate learning.
7. Choose appropriate instructional strategies. The patient’s learning style
preferences should guide the choice of teaching strategies. Some individuals
are visual learners, others are auditory learners and other are kinesthetic
learners. Most people are combination of different modes of learning. E.g.,
use of lectures, demonstrations, discussion, role playing.
8. Provide for practice and feedback. Patients, especially in the learning of
technical skills will need to practice their new activities. Positive feedback
throughout the practice will reinforce correct performance and encourage the
person to master the task. E.g., allow the client to manipulate equipment and
articles.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Teaching
A system of activities aimed to produce learning.
Involves dynamic interaction between teacher and learner.
Trust and respect basically characterized the relationship between the
teacher (nurse) and the learner (patient).
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Learning/Teaching Guidelines
1. Teaching activities should help the clients meet individual learning objectives,
as determined by the client and the nurse. E. g. demonstrate to the diabetic
client how to hold the syringe when teaching on self-injection of insulin.
2. Rapport between teacher and learner is essential. The relationship between the
nurse and the patient must be accepting and constructive.
3. The teacher should use the patient’s previous learning in the present situation
to encourage learning of new skills.
4. The nurse-teacher must be able to communicate clearly and accurately. Is able
to provide current or updated materials.
5. Nurses often need to communicate effectively with individuals and small/large
groups.
6. A knowledge of the clients and the factors that affect their learning should
be determined before planning and teaching.
7. When a client is involved in planning, learning is often enhanced.
8. Teaching that involves a number of the client’s senses often enhances learning.
9. The anticipated behavioral changes that indicate that learning has taken place
must always be adapted to the client’s lifestyle and resources.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
EVALUATION
Communication in Nursing
REFERENCES
Potter & Perry, (2015). Fundamentals of Nursing, Philippines, Mosby ELSEVIER, 7th
Edition
Kozier & Erb’s, (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process and Practice,
Berman, Synder et. al,
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
10. When using printed material to teach diabetic patient about foot care, the
nurse should:
a. Read the material to the patient.
b. Allow the patient to read the material.
c. Give the material to a family member to read the patient.
d. Read the material to evaluate its clarity, accuracy and effectiveness.
11. The patient asks the nurse, “do you think, I have the cancer?” The most
appropriate response of the nurse is:
a. “I will refer you to your doctor.”
b. “If I were you, I will not worry unnecessarily.”
c. “You sound concerned about what the doctor may find.”
d. “You will undergo different tests before cancer can be diagnosed.”
13. Which of the following behavior should the nurse recognize when caring
for elderly patients?
a. Most elderly resent being cared for by people not related to them.
b. Many elderly patients need support in maintaining their independence.
c. Elderly patients refuse to change old habits.
d. Most elderly are unable to learn new skills.
14. The nurse can best evaluate that the patient is learning by:
a. his ability to repeat what was thought.
b. a desired change in his behavior.
c. verbal acknowledgements that he understands.
d. his ability to get a good score from a questionnaire.
18. Which of the following techniques can be most helpful in accessing the
degree of distress and discomfort of a newly admitted patient?
a. review the nurse’s notes
b. performing physical assessment.
c. active listening on what the patient says.
d. observation of the patient’s behavior.
19. Which of the following factors will least likely facilitate learning of a
patient:
a. motivation to learn.
b. active participation in the learning activity.
c. influencing the client to change his health beliefs.
d. positively worded corrections.
20. Which of the following principles must be given consideration by the nurse
when giving patient teaching to an elderly client?
a. use audio – visual aids to facilitate learning.
b. provide opportunity for independence to learn.
c. provide lecture for at least 2 hours.
d. Proceed from complex to simple material.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Module 6
Dear students,
This module is dedicated to the students of Southern Luzon
State University at College of Allied Medicine in support to distant
learning during this time of pandemic, we hope that the students who
read this book will prepare you to shape your future in health care.
Southern Luzon State
University Brgy Kulapi,
Lucban Quezon
roracion@slsu.edu.ph
mquintos@slsu,edu.ph
09276449263
09232620275
https://classroom.google
.com/c/MjcxNTI3NDExMj
U5?cjc=wzwg4f5
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
OVERVIEW
This Module will help you acquire the necessary knowledge, skill and attitude
for applying the nursing process, towards quality, comprehensive, ethical and
humanistic care of clients.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
DISCUSSION
1. Lydia Hall - originated the term Nursing Process in 1955. She introduced three
steps of nursing process; note observation, ministration of care and validation.
2. Dorothy Johnson - identified three steps of nursing process as follows;
assessment, decision and nurse’s action (1959).
3. Ida Jean Orlando - identified three steps of nursing process; client’s behavior,
nurse’s reaction and nurse’s actions (1961).
4. Yura and Walsh suggested the four components of nursing process namely
assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating (1967).
5. Knowles described nursing process as discover, delve, decide, do and discriminate
(1967).
6. American Nurses Association introduce the following innovations in the nursing
process:
Diagnosis distinguished as separate step of nursing process (1973).
Diagnosis of actual and potential health problems delineated as integral part of
nursing practice (1980).
Outcome identification differentiated as a distinct step of the nursing process.
Therefore, the six steps of the nursing process are as follows: Assessment,
Diagnosis, Outcome Identification, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation
(1991).
Organized
Systematic Efficient
Goal-Oriented Effective
Humanistic Care
b. Humanistic
The plan of care is developed and implemented with great consideration
to the unique needs and concerns of the individual client.
It is individualized.
It involves aspects of human dignity.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
c. Efficient
Relevant to the needs of the client.
Promotes client satisfaction and progress.
d. Effective
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Types of Data
i. Subjective Data (symptoms). Those that can be described only by the
person experiencing it, e.g. vertigo, pain, tinnitus (vertigo is dizziness;
tinnitus is ringing of the ears).
ii. Objective Data (signs). Those that can be observed and measured, e.g.
pallor, diaphoresis, BP= 120/80, reddish urine.
Sources of Data
i. Primary: Patient/Client.
ii. Secondary: family members, significant others, patient’s record/chart,
health team members, related literature.
Purpose: To identify the client’s health care needs and to prepare diagnostic
statements.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
P problem
E etiology
S signs and symptoms
Organize cluster or group data. E.g. pallor, dyspnea, weakness, fatigue, RBC
4m/cu.mm, Hgb=10g/dl, pertains to problem with oxygenation.
Compare data against standards. Standards are accepted norms, measures, or
patterns for purposes of comparison. E.g. the standard color of the sclera is
white, the standard color of urine is amber.
Analyze data after comparing with standards.
Determine the client’s health problems, health risks, and strengths.
Formulate Nursing Diagnoses Statements.
Correct: High risk for ineffective airway clearance related to thick, copious
mucus secretions.
Incorrect: High risk for ineffective airway clearance related to pneumonia
Correct: High risk for injury related to disorientation.
Incorrect: High risk for injury related to absence of side rails.
Correct: High risk for self-concept disturbance related to the effects of
mastectomy (surgical removal of breast).
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Purposes:
To provide individualized care.
To promote client participation.
To plan care that is realistic and measurable.
To allow involvement of support people.
Establish priorities.
A priority is something that takes precedence in position, deemed the most
important among several items. Priority setting is a decision-making process
that ranks the order of nursing diagnoses in terms of importance to the client.
Establishing priorities involves the following:
a. Life-threatening situations should be given highest priority, e.g.
difficulty in breathing, hemorrhage, suicidal tendencies.
b. Use of principle of ABC’s (airway, breathing, circulation); airway should
always be given the highest priority.
c. Use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Physiologic needs are given priority
over psychosocial needs.
d. Consider something that is very important to the client, e.g. pain, anxiety.
e. Clients with unstable condition should be given priority over those with
stable conditions. E.g. attend to the client with fever before attending
to the client who is scheduled for physical therapy in the afternoon.
f. Consider amount of time, materials, equipment required to care for
clients. E.g. attend to the client who requires dressing change for postop
wound before attending to the client who requires health teachings and
is ready for discharged late in the afternoon.
g. Actual problems take precedence over potential concerns.
h. Attend to the client before equipment, e.g. assess the client before
checking contraptions like IV fluids, urinary catheter, drainage tubes.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Goals may be short- or long term. Short term goal (STG) can be met in
a relatively short period (within days or less than a week). A long term
(LTG) requires more time (several weeks or months).
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Nursing Diagnosis
(Use the NANDA- accepted list of nursing diagnoses. List in priority order.
Use the diagnostic label and “related to” [related factor], followed by
“manifested by” [supporting defining characteristics])
Client Goal
(One or more client’s goals established from nursing diagnosis. A broadly
stated objective that indicates an overall picture of the states of the client if
the problem is resolved)
Client will demonstrate safety habits when performing ADL’s and injury
prevention.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Client uses nurse call light system for assistance for each need to use
bathroom immediately after instruction by the nurse.
Client demonstrates safety practices in dressing and hygiene.
Client uses over the bed lights, nonskid slippers each time transferring
to chair or out of bed.
(Write Nursing Interventions/ nursing (Gives reason for carrying out the
orders that are related to the goal. intervention. Demonstrates synthesis of
Interventions include who, what, when, physiologic, psychological and
and how the order is to be carried out.) pathophysiological concepts.)
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Purpose: To carry out planned nursing interventions to help the client attains
goal and achieve optimal level of health.
Activities:
Requirement of Implementation
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Activities:
Collect data about client’s response.
Compare the client’s response to goals and outcome criteria.
The four possible judgments that may be made are as follows:
The goals was completely met.
The goals was partially met.
The goals was completely unmet.
New problems or nursing diagnoses have developed.
Analyze the reasons for the outcomes.
Modify care plan as needed.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
3. Participation by the clients in their health care. This reflects respect for human
dignity.
Make decisions
Check evidence
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
To be more objective/non-judgmental
Willingness to Care
Keep the focus on what is best for the patient.
Respect the beliefs/values of others.
Stay involved.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Caring Behaviors
1. Inspiring someone/instilling hope and faith.
2. Demonstrating patience, compassion and willingness to persevere.
3. Offering companionship.
4. Helping someone stay in touch with positive aspects of his life.
5. Demonstrating thoughtfulness.
6. Bending the rules when it really counts.
7. Doing the “little things”.
8. Keeping someone informed.
9. Showing your human side by sharing “stories”.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
EVALUATION
Communication in Nursing
REFERENCES
Potter & Perry, (2015). Fundamentals of Nursing, Philippines, Mosby ELSEVIER, 7th
Edition
Kozier & Erb’s, (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process and Practice,
Berman, Synder et. al,
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Part 1. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
______ 3. Nursing diagnosis is a statement that describes the health care needs of the client.
______ 4. Priority setting primarily considers ranking of nursing diagnosis in terms of importance
to client.
______ 5. When providing client care, psychosocial needs are given priority over physiologic
needs.
______6.High priority nursing diagnosis are those that are potentially life-threatening and require
immediate action.
______ 7. The client goal is specific, measurable, realistic statements of expected outcome of
nursing care.
______ 8. The plan of care is nursing centered and it identifies the scope and depth of the nursing
practice.
______ 9. Therapeutic use of self involves being able and being willing to care.
______ 10. Nursing process is universal because it is applicable to individual, families and
communities.
d. Clients with unstable conditions should be given priority over those with stable
conditions.
______ 14. Which of the following is an incorrect statement of an outcome criteria.
a. Ambulate 30 feet with cane before discharge,
b. Discuss fears and concerns regarding the surgical procedure during pre-op
teaching.
c. Demonstrate proper coughing techniques after the teaching sessions.
d. Reestablish normal pattern of bowel elimination.
______ 15. The following are specific activities during evaluation EXCEPT:
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
Part 1. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
1. TRUE. The nursing process is composed of sequential and interrelated steps. ADOPIE
(Assessment, Diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, Implementation and Evaluation)
2. FALSE. The primary source of data during assessment is patient not the patiert’s chart.
3. TRUE. Nursing diagnosis is a statement that describes the health care needs of the client.
4. TRUE. Priority setting primarily considers ranking of nursing diagnosis in terms of importance
to client.
5. FALSE. When providing client care, consider Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Give priority to
physiologic needs before psychosocial needs.
6. TRUE. High priority nursing diagnosis are those that are potentially life-threatening and require
immediate action.
7. FALSE. A client broad statement about the client’s state will be, after the nursing intervention is
carried out. Outcome criteria are specific, measurable, realistic statements of goal attainment.
8. TRUE. The plan of care is nursing centered and it identifies the scope and depth of the nursing
practice.
9. TRUE. Therapeutic use of self involves being able and being willing to care.
10. TRUE. Nursing process is universal. It is applicable to individual, families and communities.
11. D. bluish discoloration of the skin is an objective data, A,B, and C are all subjective data
12. A. Is incorrect statement of nursing diagnosis. B, C and D are correct statement of nursing
diagnoses.
13. B. Attend to the client first before equipment A, C and D are basis for establishing priorities in
client care.
14. D. Outcome criteria should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. A<B
and C are correct statements of outcome criteria
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
15. B. The nurse performs nursing interventions during the implementation phase of the nursing
process. A, C and D are activities done by the nurse during evaluation.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
g. The nurse must recognize that the patient may manifest maladaptive
behavior during illness.
h. The nurse needs to understand that the patient mat test her before he
can accept and trust her.
27. Which of the following teaching method is most appropriate for teaching a
diabetic client on self - injection of insulin?
e. Detailed explanations
f. Demonstration
g. Use of pamphlets
h. Filmstrip
30. When using printed material to teach diabetic patient about foot care, the
nurse should:
e. Read the material to the patient.
f. Allow the patient to read the material.
g. Give the material to a family member to read the patient.
h. Read the material to evaluate its clarity, accuracy and effectiveness.
31. The patient asks the nurse, “do you think, I have the cancer?” The most
appropriate response of the nurse is:
e. “I will refer you to your doctor.”
f. “If I were you, I will not worry unnecessarily.”
g. “You sound concerned about what the doctor may find.”
h. “You will undergo different tests before cancer can be diagnosed.”
33. Which of the following behavior should the nurse recognize when caring
for elderly patients?
e. Most elderly resent being cared for by people not related to them.
f. Many elderly patients need support in maintaining their independence.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
34. The nurse can best evaluate that the patient is learning by:
e. his ability to repeat what was thought.
f. a desired change in his behavior.
g. verbal acknowledgements that he understands.
h. his ability to get a good score from a questionnaire.
38. Which of the following techniques can be most helpful in accessing the
degree of distress and discomfort of a newly admitted patient?
e. review the nurse’s notes
f. performing physical assessment.
g. active listening on what the patient says.
h. observation of the patient’s behavior.
39. Which of the following factors will least likely facilitate learning of a
patient:
e. motivation to learn.
f. active participation in the learning activity.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021
Southern Luzon State University
College of Allied Medicine
40. Which of the following principles must be given consideration by the nurse
when giving patient teaching to an elderly client?
e. use audio – visual aids to facilitate learning.
f. provide opportunity for independence to learn.
g. provide lecture for at least 2 hours.
h. Proceed from complex to simple material.
NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING | Prepared by: PROF. MARIA ROWENA S. ORACION
PROF. MELENA QUINTOS
– SY 2020-2021