Oral

Communication in Context
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Functions, Nature and Process of
Communication
Oral Communication in Context
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Functions, Nature and Process of
Communication First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mark Anthony P. Idang; Ethel B. Dasig

Editors: Marites M. Aguilar; Rizza A. Pereyra
Reviewer: Liza L. Banayo; Lea C. Villegas; Erma S. Valenzuela; Laila
R. Maloles; Jhonathan S. Cadavido
Illustrator: Joseph O. Ocfemia
Layout Artist: Allan E. Medenilla
Management Team:
Regional Director: Wilfredo E. Cabral
CLMD Chief: Job S. Zape Jr.
Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS: Eugenio S. Adrao
Regional ADM Coordinator: Elaine T. Balaogan
Schools Division Superintendent/s: Marites A. Ibañez; Ludy N. Pasagui
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/s: Edgardo B. Militante
CID Chief/s: Orlando T. Valverde; Vincent Emmanuel L. Ilagan
 Division EPS/s In Charge of LRMS: Godofredo C. Mercado;
Henry P. Contemplacion

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Functions, Nature and
Process of Communication!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed
by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you,
the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set
by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time.
Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st
century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Functions, Nature and
Process of Communication!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is
often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands, we
may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning
resource signifies that you, as a learner, are capable and empowered to
successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own
pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own leap
and speed. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning
resource while being an active learner.

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check
what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to
you in various ways such through as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and
skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice
to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may
check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions that you need to
answer so you can process what you have learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provide an activity which will help
you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or
concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will

be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module. At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

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The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the
other activities included in the module.
3. Read the directions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the nature, process and function of communication. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

This module consists of one lesson, namely:

• The Functions, Nature and Process of Communication

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the nature and process of communication;
2. understand the relationship of the functions of communication to everyday
life; and
3. illustrate the process of communication.

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 What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the idea being transmitted by the sender to the receiver. It includes

three aspects — content, structure, and style.
A. channel
B. feedback
C. message
D. sender
2. It is the response or reaction given by the receiver to the sender of the
message.
A. feedback
B. message
C. receiver
D. sender
3. It is a situation where a communication takes place.
A. Both sender and receiver need to exchange messages.
B. The receiver interprets the message.
C. The sender recognizes the communication style of the other.
D. The sender translates the message into a perceivable form.
4. It is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information through speech,
signal, writing, or behavior.
A. channel
B. communication
C. language
D. message
5. This is the group of basic elements of communication.
1. source
2. destination
3. medium
4. language
A. 1234 B. 123 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 2 only
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6. It is characterized by being a “selective” listener.
A. Tom asks questions to seek greater understanding.
B. Rina changes the subject from time to time.
C. Jay displays an blank look.
D. Ana gives feedback to acknowledge the speaker’s emotion.
7. The most effective form of communication is always through words.
A. Yes, because through words we are allowed to explain ourselves.
B. Yes, because there are always words to express what we want to say.
C. No, because words can be abused by people and can cause hurt or
confusion.
D. No, because words can inhibit people from saying/declaring the truth.
8. It is defined as any communication that uses spoken or written words to
convey a message.
A. non-verbal communication
B. oral Communication
C. verbal Communication
D. written Communication
9. It is a type of communication that does NOT use words in expressing a
message.
A. non-verbal communication
B. oral Communication
C. verbal Communication
D. written Communication
10. It is the nature of communication.
1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication occurs between two or more people.
3. Communication can be expressed through words or actions.
4. Communication portrays sympathy.
A. 1234 B. 123 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 2 only
11. It is the meaning of the statement “Communication is a process”.
A. Communication consists of discrete and separate acts.
B. Communication has clear beginning and ending points.
C. Communication is dynamic, ongoing and continuous.
D. Communication resembles still pictures more than motion picture.

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 12. It refers to the communicator or the source of information.
A. inceptor C. receiver
B. originator D. sender
13. The following are forms of non-verbal communication EXCEPT one.
A. e-mail C. road signs
B. eye blink D. thumbs up sign
14. It is a communication process used by Teacher Jenny when she would
like to ask Marco some details about the upcoming quiz bee.
A. activating the stimulus C. encoding the message
B. decoding the message D. giving a feedback
15. It refers to the response to a verbal or non-verbal message.
A. answer C. receipt
B. feedback D. reply

Lesson
The Nature and Process of
1 Communication

Communication comes in various forms. From the simple nodding of

your head, stretching of hands, raising your eyebrows up to your daily
conversations with your friends over the phone, constant exchange of text
messages, and regular browsing in social networking sites, these are but some
examples of how humans communicate their thoughts, feelings, ideas, and
insights. These only signify that humans really engage in communication.

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What’s In
How will you react to the following picture?

Believe it or not, your coming to your family is a great joy! Your first cry
immediately after birth announced your arrival into this world. Afterwards, your
mother understood that when you cry, you were hungry and gave you milk in
response. Your face also expressed your feelings. As years passed by, you
started pronouncing short words and responded by waving your hands or
nodding your head and most of the times, laughing out loud. Today, you can act
out, speak, and write to tell everyone what you think and feel. These are the
ways you communicate.

What’s New

When you exchange ideas with someone or you send information to others,
you do it in two ways. You either use words to say what you want to say or you
express yourself through gestures and facial expressions. Since then, people
have the inherent need to communicate. Humans are social beings. They live to
interact regularly with others. In fact, their endurance is due to their ability to
express themselves and connect to one another and the world they live in.

When you look back in the history of humankind, you will find that early
man could not speak as you do today. Records show that people have used
various communication techniques such as the use of symbols, gestures, sounds,
drawings, and sign languages (Littlejohn, 2002 as cited in Amudavalli, n.d.).
Words and languages developed much later in human history.

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 Over the years, communication has progressed tremendously. Language
developed side by side with technology. Now in the 21st century, we realize the
power of communication in building relationships and the community at large.
Hence, we see the importance of communication.

Look at the pictures below. Identify the different ways of communicating with
others. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ___________________________________ 2. _______________________________________
______________________________________ __________________________________________
______________________________________ __________________________________________

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 3. ______________________________ 4.
_____________________________________
________________________________ ______________________________________
__
________________________________ ______________________________________
__

5. _____________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is a two-way process of connecting to both living and
nonliving things. It is also a means of sharing and exchanging messages,
information, ideas, and feelings for mutual understanding (Gregoriom, J.C.,
2015).

Communication connects people and the world they live in. It is through
communication that people are able to express their thoughts and ideas or convey
information and messages through word of mouth, gestures and signals, signs,
and others. People have always communicated with one another in various
forms.

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 Let us further define communication using the two key terms stated above,
“message” and “understand”.

Communication is a message understood.

Unless a message is understood, we cannot say that communication has
taken place. Let us send a message to someone and say, “where came first”. The
person who gets this message would wonder what it means, for the arrangement
of the words does not make any sense. The message is sent but the receiver does
not understand it. Therefore, for communication to take place, we have to
consider two conditions. First, there should be a clear message. Second, the
message must be understood by the receiver for whom it is meant.

Communication is social interaction through messages.

Think of someone telling, “It is very warm today.” In this case, we are
communicating what ‘we experience’. The weather being warm is what we feel
or experience physically. In this scenario, we are sharing our feeling or
experience with someone else. Thus, we may say that “communication is a
sharing of experience.” In our society, we all interact with messages. Without
interactions, a society cannot survive. Social interaction is always through
messages.
We discuss problems and arrive at solutions. We exchange ideas and
interact with others. We transact, and then we negotiate. In doing all these, we
use communication. Imagine a situation where we are not able to speak and
interact with others or think of a family living in the same house without
speaking to each other or relating any form of message to one another. Such
situation can be very lonely and problematic. Without communication, all forms
of human relationships will vanish and die. Communication is therefore crucial
in building and maintaining relationships.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
There are also times when we fail to communicate effectively which results
to misunderstanding or miscommunication. Why do you think this thing
happens?
What are the ways to avoid them?
We are sometimes misunderstood due to the level of speech we use during
conversation - by the volume of our voice or the rate of our speech when we talk
with our friends or acquaintances. Sometimes, we are misunderstood due to the
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nonverbal actions that we project or incorporate in our speech during face-to-
face communication. Also, when we send text or chat messages, we are
misinterpreted because those messages are often brief and devoid of emotion.
Let us now try to consider the process of communication. How does
communication take place? Who are involved? What processes are considered?
By understanding the communication process, we can also duly avoid
misunderstandings and / or miscommunication.

Our everyday transactions with people follow the communication process.

Our everyday transactions with people follow the communication process.

As seen in the illustration, communication begins when the speaker or

source of communication responds to a stimulus and decides to encode or
transmit it in the form of a message (or a “code”) through a particular channel or
means of communication.

The receiver decodes or interprets the message sent and responds

accordingly based on his interpretation of the message. This response comes in
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the form of a feedback sent to the original source of communication (sender). As
the communication transaction continues, the sender and receiver may exchange
roles until understanding is achieved. Barriers to communication sometimes
block the transmission of the message thereby creating misunderstanding.
Through this process, we are able to understand that communication is
systematic. In the advent of technology, the exchange of information and
messages in society has advanced and has been a subject of many studies.

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Why do we communicate?
Since communication is certain in our lives, it comes naturally and unknowingly.
Communication serves many purposes. The following are some of the many
reasons why we communicate:

Inform Inspire Counsel Sell

Clarify Question Express Promote
Buy Understand Confirm Advise
Teach Learn Persuade Reveal
Accept Affirm Clarify Motivate
Criticize Deny Conceal And many
others

From the above table, we realize that communication serves many

purposes.
Whether we are at home, in school, at work, or at play, we engage in
communication.

We will discuss these functions in detail in Module 4.

What’s More
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 Think of communication transactions in your daily life. Enumerate
situations where communication takes place. Then, indicate the result of the
communication transaction and tell whether it is successful or not by writing the
elements that made it so and specify its function on the third column. An
example is provided for you.

Use a separate sheet of paper to answer this.

Situation Result of the Function of

communication Communication
transaction
When I was 12, my
Message was clear that I
father told me that I
need to perform my task.
am in-charge of
At first the communication
cooking rice for lunch
was successful. I thought
everyday whenever I
other family members will
am available. One
do my task because I am
time, I forgot to cook
doing other things. My
rice because I got
fault there was I failed to
busy on my
communicate to them that
assignment. As a
I am busy doing my to
result we did not have
assignment. Should I have inform
rice to eat. My father
communicated this
reminded me about and
earlier, we would have
the task assigned to to clarify
rice to eat.
me.

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 You may probably have recalled many situations that occurred from the
time you woke up until the time that you are about to sleep at night. This is
because communication transactions happen every time we interact with our own
selves and with others. We cannot help but communicate!

What I Have Learned

Activity 1: KWLH Chart

Now, based on the above discussions, fill-in the following KWLH Chart to track
your learning status in this module. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
K W L H
(What do I (What (What did I (How did I
know before concepts or learn from learn it? Cite
the start of ideas do I this lesson?) samples and
this module?) want to know situations)
more?)
Nature of
Communicatio
n

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 Process of
Communicatio
n

Functions of
Communication

Activity 2: Social Media Post

Show what you have learned creatively. Compose a Twitter or Facebook
post of your most important insights about the definition, nature, process and
function of communication. Include hashtags at the end of your post.

What I Can Do
Activity 1: Comic Strip
Create a comic strip showing how you would communicate to your
community the advantages of following health protocols and guidelines amidst
COVID-19 pandemic in your municipality or province. You may cut-out
pictures of people or authorities to depict your character, but be sure to write
your own original scripts and texts.

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 Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information as by speech,
signals, writing or behavior.
A. communication C. language
B. feedback D. message

2. These are considered forms of communication.

1. talking clearly 3. sending emails
2. chewing gum 4. looking bored

A. 1234 B. 134 only C. 342 only D. 1 only

3. This body language shows that one is listening.

A. nodding and making eye contact
B. looking out of the window
C. turning away from the speaker

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 D. whistling while biting nails

4. It is the sender of the message.

A. barrier
B. originator
C. receiver
D. sender

5. It is a good indication that good communication occurs.

A. destructed C. unreceived
B. confused D. shared

6. It is shown when there is an understanding in the communication.

A. Each gets a chance to be the sender and the receiver.
B. Each party is able to provide feedback.
C. Each party is able to say what they want to without the other
person interrupting.
D. Each party has different languages.

7. It is the content of the communication.

A. jargon C. message
B. media D. noise

8. This communication type is characterized by a certain look or gaze.

A. non-verbal Communication
B. oral Communication
C. verbal Communication
D. written Communication

9. It is the definition of communication.

1. Communication involves a transaction.

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 2. Communication is sharing of ideas among a group of people.
3. Communication is a confusion of ideas in the mind of the other.
4. Communication is a transfer of messages from one person to
another.
A. 1234 B. 234 only C. 124 only D. 4 only

10.This is the BEST way to continue communication.

A. active listening
B. asking questions
C. not interrupting
D. making good eye contact

11.It is known when the receiver gives a verbal or non-verbal message.

A. answer C. response
B. feedback D. none given

12.It is an indication that communication really takes place.

A. when the message enters the channel
B. when the message leaves the channel
C. when the receiver understands the message
D. when the sender transmits the message

13.This is to be avoided for effective communication.

A. ambiguity C. politeness
B. listening D. sharing of activity

14.This is essential to an effective communication.

A. three-way process
B. both a one-way and a two-way process
C. one-way process
D. two-way process

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 15.This refers to the responsibility of the person who receives the
message for communication to take place.
A. feedback C. perception
B. non-verbal clues D. self-concept

Additional Activities

Picture Talk. Write short conversations using the cut-out pictures from
magazines, brochures, or any other materials. Consider the nature and process of
communication. Be guided by the rubric below in making your output. Use a
separate sheet of paper for this activity.

Choose one topic that might interest you:

1. Fake News
2. ECQ/MECQ/GCQ
3. Use of Technology in Online Communication
4. Gulayan sa Tahanan
5. Essential Needs vs. Non-Essential Needs
6. Others

3 2 1
Content/ The output The output The output has no
Elements clearly illustrated partially clear connection of
the concepts of illustrated the the concepts of
nature and concepts of nature nature and processes
processes of and processes of of communication.
communication. communication.
Coherence The script or The script or There is no
dialogue has clear dialogue partly coherence in the
and concise gives clear script or dialogue at
message. message all.
Relevance The output The output partly The output has no
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 clearly talks talks about the clear discussion of
about the topic chosen topic. the chosen topic.
chosen.

2 Write your own ACRONYM of the word C O M M U N I C A T I O N

References
Amudadavalli, A. Theories and Models of Communication. Prod. Deparment of Library
and Information Science. May 20, 2020.
Chandlier, Daniel. Transmission Model of Communication. n.d.
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kanpur, IIT. Communication Skills:Lecture
No. 1. NPTEL-Communication Skills. n.d.
Gregorio, Joanne C. UP-Open University. n.d.
https://joanneg24.wordpress.com/module-5-overview-and-process-
ofcommunication/DevCom Journal (accessed 2019).
Littlejohn, S.W. Theories of Human Communication. 7th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,
2002.
Miller, K. Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes and Contexts. 2nd Edition.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

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Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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