CQ Amateur Radio - July 2016

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JULY 2016
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announcements
EDITORIAL STAFF
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA — The Harrisburg Radio Amateurs Club will hold its 44th Annual Richard S. Moseson, W2VU, Editor
Firecracker Electronics Expo and Hamfest and 2016 ARRL Eastern Pennsylvania Section Convention
Saturday, July 2 at the Harrisburg Area Community College, Fire Training Grounds. Contact: Tim Lehman, Jason Feldman, KD2IWM, Associate Editor
KB3OZA, P.O. Box 453, Hummelstown, PA 17036. Phone: (717) 461-3398. Email: <kb3oza@arrl.net>. Website: Susan Moseson, Editorial Consultant
<http://www.w3uu.org>. Talk-in 146.16+ (PL 100). DXCC/WAS card checking, special event station.
PLAINS, PENNSYLVANIA — The Murgas Amateur Radio Club will hold the 37th Annual Wilkes-Barre CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Hamfest and Computerfest Sunday, July 3 at the Polish American Veterans. Contact: Herb, K2LNS, (570) Kent Britain, WA5VJB, Antennas
829-2695. Email: <murgasarc@gmail.com>. Website: <http://www.murgasarc.org>. Talk-in 146.610- (PL
82.5). VE exams.
Gerry L. Dexter, The Listening Post
WASHINGTON, PENNSYLVNIA — The Washington Amateur Communicators will air special event sta- Joe Eisenberg, KØNEB, Kit-Building
tion W3R Sunday, July 3 through Friday, July 15 in honor of the Whiskey Rebellion. QSL to: WA3COM, 1645 Tony Emanuele, WA8RJF, VHF
N. Main Street, Washington, PA 15301. Phone: (724) 228-2480. Email: <ny9h@arrl.net>. Website: Tomas Hood, NW7US, Propagation
<http://www.wacomarc.org>.
BEACH GROVE, INDIANA — The Indianapolis Hamfest Association will hold the 46th Annual
Dennis Lazar, W4DNN, QRP
Indianapolis Hamfest Friday, July 8 and Saturday, July 9 at the Marion County Fairgrounds. Contact: Irwin Math, WA2NDM, Math’s Notes
Indianapolis Hamfest, P.O. Box 1672, Noblesville, IN 46061. Phone: (317) 829-6868. Website: Ted Melinosky, K1BV, Awards
<http://www.indyhamfest.com>. Talk-in 146.76-. VE exams and DXCC card checking. Joe Moell, KØOV, Homing In
MILTON, FLORIDA — The Milton Amateur Radio Club will hold the 21st Annual ARRL Northern Florida
Section Convention Hamfest Friday, July 8 and Saturday, July 9 at the Santa Rosa County Auditorium.
Ron Ochu, KOØZ, Learning Curve
Contact: Ken Dunn, (850) 994-5726 or (850) 390-1665 (24/7). Email: <k4svx@yahoo.com>. Website: Jeff Reinhardt, AA6JR, Mobile/Radio Magic
<http://www.miltonarc.org>. VE exams. Don Rotolo, N2IRZ, Digital
SANDY, UTAH — Utah Amateur Radio Events, Inc. will hold The Great Salt Lake Hamfest and 2016 Rob de Santos, K8RKD, Communications Horizons
ARRL Utah State Convention Friday, July 8 and Saturday, July 9 at the Salt Lake Community College Larry
H. Miller Campus. Contact: Utah Amateur Radio Events, 1493 Arapahoe Avenue, Salt Lake City, UT 84109.
Cory GB Sickles, WA3UVV,
Email: <support@gslhamfest.org>. Website: <http://www.gslhamfest.org>. VE exams and special event station. Emergency Communications, Off the Air
DUNSEITH, NORTH DAKOTA & BOISSEVAIN, MANITOBA — The 53rd International Hamfest will be Bob Schenck, N2OO, DX
held Saturday, July 9 at the International Peace Garden. Contact: Richard Holder, VE4QK, P.O. Box 1011, David Siddall, K3ZJ, Contesting
Beausejour, Manitoba, R0E 0C0 Canada. Phone: (204) 268-1702. Email: <ve4qk@mts.net>. Website:
<http://www.mts.net/~holderr/ihf.htm>. Talk-in 146.52 or 146.85-. VE and Canadian exams.
Tom Smerk, AA6TS, International
ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA — The Wattsburg Wireless Association will hold the 15th Annual NW PA Dan Srebnick, K2DLS, RF Bits
Hamfest Saturday, July 9 at the Greene Township Municipal Building. Contact: NW PA Hamfest, 9333 Tate Jason Togyer, KB3CNM, Spurious Signals
Road, Room #114, Erie, PA 16509. Email: <hamfest@wattsburg-wireless.us>. Website: <http://www.watts- Gordon West, WB6NOA, Short Circuits
burg-wireless.us>. Talk-in 147.315-. VE exams.
KIMBERTON, PENNSYLVANIA — The Mid-Atlantic Amateur Radio Club will hold the Valley Forge
Wayne Yoshida, KH6WZ, The Ham Notebook
Hamfest Saturday, July 9 at the Kimberton Fire Co. Fairgrounds. Contact: Mike Pilotti, KF3CD, (610) 696-
5040. Email: <kf3cd@arrl.net>. Website: <http://www.marc-radio.org>. Talk-in 145.13- or 147.06+ PL 131.8).
AWARD MANAGEMENT
VE exams and DXCC/WAS card checking. John Bergman, KC5LK, WAZ Award
MONUMENT, COLORADO — The Pikes Peak Radio Amateur Association will hold the PPRAA Ham Steve Bolia, N8BJQ, WPX Award
Radio Megafest Saturday, July 9 at the Lewis-Palmer High School. Contact: PPRAA, P.O. Box 16521, Keith Gilbertson, KØKG, CQ DX Award
Colorado Springs, CO 80935. Email: <megafest@ppraa.org>. Website: <http://ppraa.org>. Talk-in 146.970-
(PL 100). VE exams.
Ted Melinosky, K1BV, USA-CA Award
OAK CREEK, WISCONSIN — The South Milwaukee Amateur Radio Club will hold its Swapfest ‘16’
Saturday, July 9 at the American Legion Post 434. Contact: Robert, WB9TIK, (414) 764-3871. Email: CONTEST MANAGEMENT
<wb9tik@arrl.net>. Website: <http://www.qsl.net/wa9txe>. Talk-in 146.52. Andy Blank, N2NT, CQ 160 Meter Contest
ROSEVILLE, MINNESOTA — The Minnesota Amateur Group Independent Communicators will fold Steve Bolia, N8BJQ, CQ VHF Contest
the 13th Annual MAGIC Tailgater Saturday, July 9 at the Galilee Lutheran Church. Website: <http://www.magi- Ed Muns, WØYK, CQ RTTY Contest
crepeater.net>. Talk-in 145.170 (PL 100).
SALISBURY, NORTH CAROLINA — The Rowan Amateur Radio Society will hold the 31st Annual John Sweeney, K9EL, CQ DX Marathon
Firecracker Hamfest Saturday, July 9 at the Salisbury, NC Civic Center. Contact: Ralph Brown, WB4AQK, Randy Thompson, K5ZD, CQ WW DX Contest
(704) 636-5902. Email: <rkbrown5902@bellsouth.net>. Website: <http://www.rowanars.org>. Talk-in 145.41 Terry Zivney, N4TZ, CQ WW WPX Contest
(PL 136.5) or 146.52. VE exams.
AURORA, ILLINOIS — The Fox River Radio League will hold its Hamfest Sunday, July 10 at the Aurora BUSINESS STAFF
Central Catholic High School. Contact: Dave, K9WDB, <hamfest@frrl.org>. Website: <http://www.frrl.org>. Richard A. Ross, K2MGA, Publisher
Talk-in 147.210+ (PL 103.5). VE exams.
AUSTINTOWN, OHIO — The 20/9 Amateur Radio Club will hold its Hamfest, Electronics & Computer Charlie Payne, Advertising Director
Show Sunday, July 10 at the Austintown Senior Center. Phone: (330) 651-8420. Email: <hamfest@ Emily Leary, Sales Coordinator
20over9.org>. Website: <http://www.20over9.org>. Talk-in 147.315+. VE exams and card checking. Doris Watts, Accounting Department
CICERO, NEW YORK — The Radio Amateur of Greater Syracuse will hold the RAGS 2016 Hamfest
Sunday, July 10 at the American Legion Post 787. Contact: Roger Hamilton, WA2AEW, or Rich Bell, KC2CZK, CIRCULATION STAFF
<hamfest@ragsclub.org>. Website: <http://www.ragsclub.org>. Talk-in 146.91- (PL 103.5). VE exams. Cheryl DiLorenzo, Customer Service Manager
ALEXANDER, NEW YORK —The Lancaster Amateur Radio Club will hold the Batavia Hamfest
Saturday, July 16 at the Alexander Firemen Grounds. Website: <http://w2so.org>. Talk-in 147.285 (PL 141.3).
VE exams. PRODUCTION STAFF
ALLISON PARK, PENNSYLVANIA — The North Hills Amateur Radio Club will hold its 31st Annual Elizabeth Ryan, Art Director
Hamfest Saturday, July 16 at the Parkwood Presbyterian Church. Contact: Eric Fowler, WV3E, 319 W. Ingomer Dorothy Kehrwieder, Production Director
Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15237. Phone: (412) 436-9833. Email: <wv3e@nharc.org>. Talk-in 147.090 (PL 88.5). Emily Leary, Production Manager
VE exams.
ATHENS, TENNESSEE — The McMinn County Amateur Radio Club will hold its 12th Annual MCARC Hal Keith, Illustrator
HamFest Saturday, July 16 at the McMinn County Expo Center. Contact: Phil Pritchard, KC4JIY, 1978 Co. Larry Mulvehill, WB2ZPI, Staff Photographer
Rd. 50, Riceville, TN 37370. Phone: (423) 368-1473. Email: <kg4fzr@yahoo.com>. Website: Rod Somera, Webmaster
<http://www.mcminnarc.com>. Talk-in 146.06- (PL 141.3) or 145.15- (PL 141.3). VE exams.
CARY, NORTH CAROLINA — The Cary Amateur Radio Club will hold its 44th Annual SWAPFEST
Saturday, July 16 at Harold Ritter Park. Email: <n4nc@arrl.net>. Website: <http://www.qsl.net/n/n4nc/ A publication of
index.html>. Talk-in 146.28+. VE exams.
ELYRIA, OHIO — The Northern Ohio Amateur Radio Society will hold NOARSFEST Saturday, July 16 CQ Communications, Inc.
at the Lorain County Community College-John A. Spitzer Conference Center. Contact: Darlene Ohman, 17 West John Street
KA8VTS, (216) 398-8858 (before 11 p.m.) or David Fisher, KY8OSU, (330) 770-4090. Email: <noars- Hicksville, NY 11801 USA.
fest@noars.net>. Website: <http://www.noars.net>. Talk-in 146.70 (PL 110.9).
TEXAS CITY, TEXAS — The Tidelands Amateur Radio Society will hold the Texas City, Tidelands CQ Amateur Radio (ISSN 0007-893X) Volume 72, No. 7.
Hamfest Saturday, July 16 at the Doyle Convention Center. Contact: Tidelands ARS, P.O. Box 73, Texas Published monthly by CQ Communications, Inc., 17 West John
City, TX 77592. Website: <http://idelands.org>. Talk-in 147.14 (PL 167.9) or 442.025 (PL 103.5). VE exams. Street, Hicksville, NY 11801, Telephone 516-681-2922. E-mail:
WARRENSBURG, MISSOURI — The Warensburg Area Amateur Radio Club will hold its Hamfest 2016 cq@cq-amateur-radio.com. Fax 516-681-2926. Web site:
Saturday, July 16 at the Johnson County Fair Grounds. Contact: Ken Smith, KO9R, <hamfest@waarci.org>. www.cq-amateur-radio.com. Periodicals Postage Paid at
Website: <http://www.waarci.org>. Talk-in 146.880- (PL 107.2). Hicksville, NY 11801 and at additional mailing offices.
WATERLOO, IOWA — The Northeast Iowa Radio Amateur Association will hold the WØMG Swap Subscription prices (all in U.S. dollars): Domestic-one year
Meet 2016 Saturday, July 16 at the NCC Pavillion, National Cattle Congress Grounds. Phone: (319) 231- $38.95, two years $70.95, three years $102.95; Canada/
7479. Email: <swapmeet@w0mg.net>. Website: <http://www.w0mg.net>. Talk-in 146.94- (PL 136.5). Mexico-one year $51.95, two years $96.95, three years
AUGUSTA, NEW JERSEY — The Sussex County Amateur Radio Club will hold the SCARC Hamfest $138.95: Foreign Air Post-one year $63.95, two years $120.95,
Sunday, July 17 at the Sussex County Farm & Horse Show Fairgrounds. Phone: (973) 862-8197. Email: three years $177.95. U.S. Government Agencies: Sub-
<hamfest@scarcnj.org>. Website: <http://www.scarcnj.org>. Talk-in 147.300+ (PL 151.4). VE exams. scriptions to CQ are available to agencies of the United States
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS — The Harvard Wireless Club, MIT Electronics Research Society, government including military services, only on a cash with
MIT UHF Repeater Association, and the MIT Radio Society will hold Flea at MIT Sunday, July 17 at the
order basis. Requests for quotations, bids, contracts., etc. will
Parking Garage on Albany and Main Streets. Contact MIT Radio Society, P.O. Box 397082, Cambridge, MA
be refused and will not be returned or processed. Entire con-
02139-7082. Phone: (617) 253-3776. Website: <http://www.swapfest.us>. Talk-in 146.52 or 449.725- (PL 114.8).
tents copyrighted 2016 by CQ Communications, Inc. CQ does
PEOTONE, ILLINOIS — The Kankakee Area Radio Society will hold Karsfest 2016, the 33rd Annual
not assume responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts. Allow six
Hamfest Sunday, July 17 at the Will County Fairgrounds. Contact: Craig Cahan, N9FD, 7 Franklin Drive,
Manteno, IL 60950. Phone: (815) 348-7752. Email: <karsfest@gmail.com>. Website: <http://www.w9az.com>. weeks for change of address.
VE exams and card checking.
VAN WERT, OHIO — The Van Wert Amateur Radio Club will hold the 29th Annual Van Wert Hamfest Printed in the U.S.A.
Sunday, July 17 at the Van Wert County Fairgrounds. Contact: Steve Kouts, WA8WKF, (419) 771-8152. Email: POSTMASTER: Send address changes to:
<secretary@w8fy.org>. Website: <http://w8fy.org>. Talk-in 146.850. CQ Amateur Radio, 17 W. John Street., Hicksville, NY 11801
(Continued on page 36)

2 • CQ • July 2016 Visit Our Web Site
Compromise Language Reached on Antenna Bill pation of young hams in contesting. The survey is for hams of
ham radio news

Significant progress has been made in bringing legal protec- all ages, with different sets of questions being asked based on
tions to amateurs living in antenna-restricted private develop- responses to preliminary queries, according to CAC Chairman
ments or with deed restrictions that prohibit or severely restrict George Wagner, K5KG. To take the survey, go to <tinyurl.com/
amateur operation. The ARRL reports that intensive negotia- YouthHamRadio>. For more information, contact George at
tions with the Community Associations Institute (CAI), the <k5kg@arrl.net>.
national organization for homeowners’ associations, have
resulted in agreement on revised language for the Amateur YASME Foundation Announces Awards, Grants
Radio Parity Act (H.R. 1301/S.1685) now pending before Three well-known amateurs have been honored with YASME
Congress. The bill originally sought to extend to hams living Foundation Excellence Awards this year, while separate grants
under private land use agreements the same “reasonable were awarded for scholarships and youth contesting efforts.
accommodation” protections currently in FCC rules regarding According to the ARRL Letter, Carole Perry, WB2MGP — a
state laws and local ordinances. long-time CQ contributor and WorldRadio columnist — received
Under the revised language, according to a posting on the one of the Excellence Awards for her “many years of contribu-
CAI website, the bill would mandate the FCC to implement new tions to teaching and mentoring youth interested in amateur
rules to require community associations to permit an amateur radio,” including her ongoing youth forums at the Dayton
licensee “to install and maintain an effective outdoor antenna Hamvention® and work through the Radio Club of America.
on property under the exclusive use or control of the licensee,” Also honored were Tim Duffy, K3LR, for his development of the
to require that any rules regarding amateur antennas “consti- Contest University program, and Tom Rauch, W8JI, for his
tute the minimum practicable restriction on (amateur) commu- “many contributions to the technical advancement of the
nications,” and to invalidate any deed restriction or restrictive Amateur Service.”
covenant that “on its face or as applied, precludes communi- In addition, grants were made to the ARRL Foundation and
cations in an amateur radio service.” the Foundation for Amateur Radio for scholarships, and an addi-
Amateurs would still need to provide advance notice and tional grant went directly to help cover the expenses of two
receive association approval before installing an outdoor anten- young hams from Ethiopia who took part in the IARU Region I
na and associations would retain the right to prohibit the instal- Youth Contesting Program in Estonia.
lation of an antenna on common property that is not under the
licensee’s “exclusive use or control.” Milestones: Four Prominent Hams Become
At press time, the amended language had not yet been for- Silent Keys
mally introduced and no Congressional action had been sched- The amateur radio community lost four well-known members
uled. However, sources close to the negotiations have told CQ in May. Hollywood producer Dave Bell, W6AQ, who also pro-
that eliminating CAI’s opposition to the bill should mean that it duced several amateur radio promotional videos in the 1970s
can be considered as a “non-controversial” measure and move and ‘80s, passed away on May 14. He was a member of the
quickly to a vote in both the House and Senate. The complete CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame and was Dayton’s Ham of the
text of the revised bill language, as agreed to by ARRL and CAI, Year in 1984, according to the ARRL Letter. Dave was 84.
is on the CAI website at <http://bit.ly/1XWL2sS>. Pat McPherson, WW9E, became a Silent Key on May 13 at
age 70. A Major in the Salvation Army, Pat founded SATERN
EmComm Around the World — the Salvation Army Team Emergency Radio Network — in
Ham radio emergency communications is in the spotlight in 1988 and served as its coordinator for more than 25 years, over-
widely scattered parts of the globe this month. Massive flood- seeing its growth into an international organization with sever-
ing in southeastern Texas resulted in the activation of ARES al thousand members worldwide.
(the Amateur Radio Emergency Service) in and around Houston John Brosnahan, WØUN, passed away on May 4 at age 71
in late May and early June. At press time, the hams were pro- after suffering an apparent stroke. He was best-known as pres-
viding “situational awareness” of changing conditions in differ- ident of Alpha Power but was also a research physicist who
ent locations, according to the ARRL, but the situation was still worked for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-
unfolding. stration (NOAA), according to the ARRL Letter, and was instru-
In early May, a California ham monitoring the Maritime Mobile mental in designing and building the High Frequency Active
Service Net frequency (14.300 MHz) long after the net closed Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Alaska.
for the day picked up a distress signal from a sailing vessel that Former Communications Quarterly columnist, CQ contribu-
had run aground on a reef in the South Pacific near French tor and educator Pete Kemp, KZ1Z, also became a Silent Key
Polynesia and was taking on water. The situation was report- in May. He was 67. Kemp was a high school teacher directly
ed to the U.S. Coast Guard, which in turn notified the French responsible for licensing over 700 hams and was very active in
Navy, which rescued the crew safely. According to the ARRL the ARRL Field Organization in Connecticut and Florida.
Letter, the Coast Guard later said the hams’ prompt action prob-
ably saved the crew from “devastating consequences.” Trans-Atlantic ISS-Bounce Reported
Moving well above sea level, Newsline reports that some two Two hams in England and Canada reported successfully bounc-
dozen mountaineers in India have gotten ham licenses in order ing 2-meter radio signals off the International Space Station as
to enhance climber safety, call for emergency rescues and, if it crossed over the Atlantic Ocean in early May. According to
necessary, help with searches in the Himalayas. The newly- Southgate Amateur Radio News, VE1SKY in Nova Scotia was
licensed ham-mountaineers will carry portable HF radios and able to monitor an FSK-441 transmission bounced off the ISS
antennas in their backpacks, as well as transmitters that auto- by G4LOH in Cornwall, England, at a distance of 4,441 kilo-
matically position information to their base camps for tracking. meters (2,759 miles). It is claimed to be the first “intentional”
The training was coordinated by the West Bengal Radio Club.
trans-Atlantic reception of a signal reflected off the space sta-
tion. The stations were not able to complete a two-way contact.
Hamvention® Attendance Reported Up Slightly In a different approach to a similar effort — bridging the
Preliminary indications show a slight uptick in attendance at the Atlantic on 2 meters — three amateur radio clubs in Newfound-
2016 Dayton Hamvention®, according to General Chairman land have put a full-time digital receiver on the air at the sum-
Jim Tiderman, N8IDS. Tiderman told the ARRL that final num- mer home of VO1HP. According to the ARRL, the VO1FN
bers had not yet been calculated, but that several indicators “Transatlantic VHF Digital Beacon Receiver” is a software-
routinely used to judge attendance all showed a slight increase defined radio listening continuously on 144.488 MHz for JT65
over 2015 attendance. This matches CQ¶s observations and signals originating in Europe. It is primarily listening for signals
those of several other vendors as well. from Irish beacon station EI2DKH. However, VO1HP says oper-
ators are willing to turn the station’s 5-element loop-fed array
ARRL Youth Contesting Survey quad (LFA-Q) Yagi in any direction in order to conduct tests
The ARRL’s Contest Advisory Committee (CAC) is conducting with distant digital stations.
an online survey to get input on ways to increase the partici- (Continued on page 60)
www.cq-amateur-radio.com July 2016 • CQ • 3

VOLUME 72 NUMBER 7
JULY 2016
CONTENTS
FEATURES
10 W7P: THE “YEAR OF PLUTO” SPECIAL EVENT
By Dave Brown, N7FYW and Bob Wertz, NF7E
14 LEARNING CURVE: DIRECTIONAL HEARING AIDS: YAGIS
FOR YOUR EARS By Ron Ochu, KOØZ
17 PROMOTING HAM RADIO TO YOUTH IN INDIA
By Carole Perry, WB2MGP
20 RESULTS OF THE 2016 CQWW WPX RTTY CONTEST
By Ed Muns, WØYK
28 !../5.#).': THE 2016 CQ HALL OF FAME INDUCTEES
31 AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS, PART VII:
I2C Interface Links Math Chip and MCU
By Jonathan A.Titus, KZ1G
96 COMPLETE SCORES OF THE 2016 CQWW WPX RTTY
CONTEST
£{ COLUMNS
38 MATH’S NOTES: Logic Gates, Not Just for Software
By Irwin Math, WA2NDM
42 THE LISTENING POST: All India Radio Possibly Shutting Down
By Gerry Dexter
46 CQ WORLD WIDE: India Holds field Day and Hams
Respond to Devastating Ecuadorian Earthquake
By Tom Smerk, AA6TS
54 KIT-BUILDING: A Pixie Helper and a Receiver with a Slice of Pi
By Joe Eisenberg, KØNEB
58 THE HAM NOTEBOOK: Preparing Ham Radio Projects for a
Maker Faire
By Wayne Yoshida, KH6WZ
64 GORDO’S SHORT CIRCUITS: Ultra-Lightweight, Long
Runtime, Batteries
By Gordon West, WB6NOA
68 MAGIC IN THE SKY: More Laws Than Physics Can
Accommodate
By Jeff Reinhardt, AA6JR
70 DIGITAL CONNECTION: Instant Digital
{È x{ By Don Rotolo, N2IRZ
DEPARTMENTS
50 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS: “Sorry, We’re Open”
By Cory GB Sickles, WA3UVV
74 VHF PLUS: The 13-Centimeter Band
(And the Scratchi Connection)
By Tony Emanuele, WA8RJF
77 AWARDS: QSO “Spots” on the Internet
By Ted Melinosky, K1BV
80 DX: The Northern California DX Foundation: Supporting
DX and DXing for 44 Years By Bob Schenck, N2OO
86 CONTESTING: CQWW VHF and IARU HF World
Championship Kick Off Summer Contesting Season
By David Siddall, K3ZJ
84 PROPAGATION: Space Weather and You
By Tomas Hood, NW7US
È{ 2
3
ANNOUNCEMENTS
HAM RADIO NEWS
30
41
SPURIOUS SIGNALS
READER SURVEY
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zero bias – a CQ editorial BY RICH MOSESON,* W2VU
ÌiÊ7À`
his issue’s editorial is going to be somewhat like this where both encouraging and discouraging things are
T issue itself — covering a variety of topics that are

not necessarily related to each other, but each wor-
thy of mention and discussion. It may not be A-Z in scope
going on in relation to radio. On the encouraging side,
a combination of ongoing ham radio help in emergen-
cies and a concerted promotional effort by Indian hams
(we do make it to “Y”), but let’s start with “A” anyway. and ham organizations is bearing fruit in terms of greater
recognition of amateur radio’s value by government offi-
Antennas, Advocacy and the ARRL cials and educators (see “Promoting Ham Radio to
After three decades of trying to assure that amateurs Youth in India” on page 17, and the “CQ World Wide”
living in deed-restricted or homeowner-association con- column on page 46). But at the same time, “Listening
trolled homes have the same rights as other hams to Post” editor Gerry Dexter reports (p. 42) that All India
put up antennas and get on the air, the ARRL has found Radio — the country’s shortwave voice for decades —
common ground with the trade group representing is likely to “go dark” in the near future.
homeowners’ associations that may finally allow some As we’ve pointed out here before, such moves (gener-
significant progress in this vitally important area. ally to save money) are shortsighted at best. While short-
As discussed in greater detail in our news column on wave broadcasting may be very expensive on the trans-
page 3, several months of negotiations between League mitting end, it is very cheap on the receive side. For
representatives and the Community Associations millions of people around the world, a shortwave receiv-
Institute (CAI) resulted in an agreement to change the er is much more affordable and accessible than high-
language in the Amateur Radio Parity Act now pending speed internet service or satellite radio. In addition, radio
before Congress from requiring “reasonable accommo- waves don’t stop at international borders, while some
dation” of amateur radio operation to guaranteeing governments routinely block internet sites to which they
hams living under private land use regulations the right don’t want their citizens to have access (Yes, radio sig-
to put up “an effective outdoor antenna.” With this nals can be jammed, but only with moderate effective-
change, the CAI said it would drop its opposition to the ness). Satellite radio is harder to block out, but the selec-
bill, which should allow it to pass both houses of tion of international broadcasts is limited and there is
Congress as a “non-controversial” measure. some programmer (or accountant) out there someplace
At this writing, the amendment had not been formally deciding what listeners will be able to hear and when.
made nor had any further action on the bill been sched- Gerry’s “leading logs” feature routinely lists opposition
uled, so it is not yet a “done deal,” but hopefully it will groups and revolutionary “voices” transmitting to their tar-
be by the time you read this. get areas via shortwave. If radio is so expensive, why
What impresses us is the apparent change of don’t these groups take their messages to the “free” inter-
approach by the ARRL in dealing with long-standing net? Because they understand that radio is far more
issues, working to find a satisfactory compromise rather effective at reaching large numbers of people.
than “tilting at windmills” as was so often the case in the Radio is the most accessible form of information dis-
past. We don’t know if this new approach is a result of semination on the planet and it is foolhardy for govern-
the change of leadership at the League, but the timing ments to limit access to their messages to those with
suggests that it might be, along with new CEO Tom the means to purchase high-speed internet or satellite
Gallagher, NY2RF’s, extensive experience in the busi- subscriptions. Let’s hope that message gets through to
ness and banking world prior to joining the ARRL staff. the bean-counters at broadcasting authorities around
Business people tend to focus more on making things the world.
work and getting things done, even if you don’t get exact-
ly what you want; and if this change in focus in Yagis for Your Ears
Newington is a result of Tom’s influence, then more We’d also like to highlight an article in this issue that is
power to him. Credit also needs to go to Hudson Division not directly connected to ham radio, but that we think
Director Mike Liscenco, N2YBB, who has been “out will be of significant interest to a lot of our older read-
front” on this issue for several years. ers. This month’s “Learning Curve” column — on page
An ARRL member’s $49 a year in dues “buys” three 14 — is all about a type of directional hearing aid that
broad “things” — a magazine (which most members see not only can be focused in different directions, just like
as their primary benefit); a professional staff in a Yagi antenna, but also can be fed directly with audio
Newington to coordinate the organization’s many pro- from an MP3 player, a DVD player … or your ham rig!
grams and activities; and, most importantly in our book, It’s really an amazing technology that looks like it can
advocacy ... promoting and defending the interests of help many of us with some degree of hearing loss con-
amateur radio on state, federal, and international lev- tinue to enjoy our primarily sound-based hobby for many
els. Despite its flaws, no other organization in our years to come.
hobby’s history has been able to advocate for amateur
radio as effectively as the ARRL. If it were not for the Hamfesting
League’s success in advocacy over the past 102 years,
there likely would be no Amateur Radio Service and thus It was great to see so many of you at Dayton in May.
no need for magazines or staff members. So, after you We thank you for your overwhelmingly encouraging
renew your CQ subscription, try to budget another $49 comments and look forward to seeing more of you at
for ARRL dues and help protect our hobby’s future. the other hamfests we attend this year.
Enjoy your summer and do what you can to take your
On … and Off … the Air in India hamming outside with you. And don’t forget the CQ
World Wide VHF Contest on July 16th and 17th.
Let’s now take an F-layer hop from Connecticut and
Washington, DC, halfway around the world to India, ± 73, W2VU

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It doesn’t take a big club to pull off a big-time special event;
just dedication and good planning. W7YFW and WF7E share
their experience with an “out of this world” activity.
:37KH³<HDURI3OXWR´
6SHFLDO(YHQW
BY DAVE BROWN, W7FYW,* AND BOB WERTZ, NF7E
L
ast summer, the Northern Arizona DX Association
(NADXA), our local DX, radiosport, and contesting club,
began a discussion of creating a special event to tie in
with Lowell Observatory’s “Year of Pluto.” Lowell Observa-
tory, located in Flagstaff, was used to discover Pluto back in
1930, and was celebrating the 85th anniversary of the dis-
covery in 2015, along with last July’s fly-by of Pluto by NASA’s
New Horizons spacecraft. Lowell Observatory decided to cel-
ebrate both events, calling it the Year of Pluto.
When we approached the observatory staff with the idea
of having an amateur radio event centered around their cel-
ebration, they were very receptive and welcomed us to their
campus for the nine-day event, which was to run from
December 5-13.
Special Event Experience

Our club is not unfamiliar with organizing a special amateur
radio event because we created and started the “Route 66
on the Air” event in 2000. It has been amazing to see how
such a small club, with fewer than 15 members, can take on
a special event and have such success. The Route 66 on
the Air event finished its 16th year last September and has
become a very, very popular event. After hosting it for two Photo A. Doug Tombaugh, N3PDT, at station #1 in the dome.
years, we had to turn it over to a much larger club, the Citrus (Photos by Dave Schaubert, NJØW)
Belt Amateur Radio Club, because of the number of contacts
that it generated, and the enormous amount of time and Lowell’s studies of Mars), including the Naval Prototype
paperwork involved. They have done an excellent job since Optical Interferometer, on the dark-sky site on Anderson
then! Year after year, this event has become one of the most Mesa, just outside of Flagstaff. When I retired from teach-
sought-after activities on the ham bands. Last year, the event ing in 2002, I become an educator at Lowell Observatory and
produced about 50,000 QSOs. got an opportunity to actually operate the Clark Telescope.
I (W7FYW) have been very involved with the NADXA club
for years, serving as secretary, treasurer, and president, and Plans and Preparations
have also done volunteer work at Lowell Observatory before
During the several months before the event, we had a num-
this event. After moving to Flagstaff in 1971 to teach high
ber of meetings with Lowell staff members, including
school chemistry, my wife and I became friends with two
Outreach Manager Samantha Christensen, Public Programs
astronomers, Dr. Nat White and Dr. Bob Millis. Both Bob and
Scheduler Jelena Lane, and Historian Kevin Schindler. The
Nat worked at Lowell and their wives were teachers like me.
staff members welcomed us like family and made it very easy
Having both Bob and Nat as friends had its advantages.
for us to set up this event.
There were many times they would take us up to the Clark
At one point, NADXA President Bob Wertz, NF7E, men-
Telescope, Percival Lowell’s personal telescope (and the
tioned to Samantha that four years earlier, during the Route
telescope credited with discovering that the universe is
66 on the Air event, he had a call from another ham who
expanding), for an evening of stargazing. Even though I
asked, “So you are in Flagstaff, right?” Then he said, “I used
taught chemistry, this led to my added interest in astronomy.
to have relatives living there and wonder if you might recog-
Over the years, I had many opportunities to visit several of
nize the name of Tombaugh?”
the telescopes on “Mars Hill” (locally named because of
Bob said, “You mean like Clyde Tombaugh, the astronomer
who discovered Pluto?” (Practically everyone in Flagstaff
* w7fyw.david@gmail.com knows that name!) The answer was yes, and the ham at the

Photo B. Doug Tombaugh with his uncle Clyde’s telescope.
outside the Pluto Discovery Dome. The

fact that we were setting up operations
inside the dome used to discover the
ninth planet (yes, we know it is no longer
officially considered a planet, but rather
a dwarf planet) added to the special
nature of the event, as did knowing that
Doug Tombaugh, N3PDT, would be
coming to operate one of the two sta-
tions inside of the dome. As the first day
approached, several amateur radio
operators heard about the event and
volunteered to help. These volunteers
included some great operators like Ray,
KF7CYG, from the Verde Valley ARC;
Doug, K6KDB, a philosophy instructor
at Coconino Community College;
retired Medical Doctor Gary, K9GS,
from Sedona, Arizona; Warren, NU7R,
from Cortez, Colorado; Walt, NJ8G,
from Glendale, Arizona; Jack, W7JLC,
from Prescott, Arizona; and a couple
from Nevada, Art, AB7FB, and Cathy,
Photo C. Bob, NF7E, and Norm, N7VF, operating in the cold dome.
N7HVN. We also had a couple of oper-
ators off-site, Paul Gagnon, N6MA, and
other end turned out to be Clyde’s diately said he would love to. He and Norm Vandiver, N7VF, operating from
nephew, Doug Tombaugh, N3PDT, his wife, Rebecca, drove from Missouri their home stations when Lowell
from Kansas City, Missouri. Bob and and spent three days with us on the air Observatory was closed to the public.
Doug talked for a while about the Route (Photo A), meeting Lowell staff mem- With knowledgeable operators like
66 special event, amateur radio, and bers and looking over Uncle Clyde’s these, the special event was very spe-
some of Clyde’s early telescopes. Pluto discovery telescope (Photo B). cial indeed.
When Bob told the story to Samantha, On the Thursday before the event we On the first day of the event, with the
she was thrilled and that led to another met at Lowell and began the setup. The outside temperature in the teens, we
contact with Doug, asking him if he club trailer, with its 20-foot tower and tri- opened up the dome and the temp
would like to join us as a guest opera- band Yagi, was set up and several inside was in the single digits. It was
tor during the Pluto event! Doug imme- dipoles were placed in the tall pine trees cold! They don’t heat the observatories

because that will affect the lenses and
images. A big thanks to the Lowell staff
for coming up with some space heaters
to help us cope with the cold inside!
(Photo C)
On the Air
We had scheduled each operator for at
least a one-hour time slot. Everyone
knew when they were to operate before
the event started and that saved a lot of
confusion and waiting around for a sta-
tion to be available. We started our
operations on 20 and 17 meters. It was
slow to start, but after a short period,
contacts starting piling up. Then here
they came! If you have never been on
the other side of a pileup, you are miss-
ing out on pure terror. It really does
improve your ability to operate. By the
end of the nine-day event, we had com-
piled over 4,600 QSOs, worked all 50
states and 65 countries, including over
350 contacts with Japan. A lot of inter-
est in Pluto from around the world! Not
bad for a club of less than 15 members. Photo D. This 32-inch monitor shows the stations that were worked and their
As we operated, we used a 32-inch locations. As you can see, it was an international affair.
monitor and a computer to show Lowell
visitors a map of the world and where made it very easy for them to see what Many of us mentioned how many ama-
contacts had been made (Photo D). we were doing. teur astronomers had called in during the
Special thanks to Jerry, WN7RRX, who To operate a special event, you must event. One college astronomy club was
have something interesting to talk about, excited to get in the W7P log. Bob,
good operators, and a special QSL, as NW3M, worked at the Smithsonian’s
well as an optional certificate to offer. National Air & Space Museum and said
Summer When we decided to do the event, one he remembered the day they had to
of our members, Dave Schaubert, change their planet exhibit due to the re-
Reading NJØW, stepped in to help create both classification of Pluto. Steve, NS9DX,
the QSL and certificate! He is one of said, “what a wonderful special event for
these people that enjoys working with astronomy and Pluto enthusiasts, like
photography and has a great talent to put myself.” Phil, F6FHO, commented about
this together (He also took all the photos the Pluto fly-by, calling it “one of the major
for this article). We had both the certifi- events of the human space conquest.”
cates and QSLs printed on glossy card Bill, KE5XV, said he had Clyde Tom-
stock, which made them beautiful and baugh’s autograph in his shack, but was
฀ something everyone would love to hang not sure it was authentic. So he sent us
by Bill Orr, W6SAI on their wall. a copy via email. Bob, NF7E, immedi-
W6SAI was known for his easy-to- ately showed Doug Tombaugh the sig-
understand writing style. Wrapping Up the Paperwork nature and Doug wrote a note back to
In keeping with this After the event and the holidays were Bill saying it was definitely “Uncle
tradition, this book is a over, NADXA club members got togeth- Clyde’s” signature. How cool is that!
thoroughly readable text for er to handle the QSL and certificate Phil, K5OGX, said he went to New
any antenna enthusiast,
jam-packed with dozens of
requests. That took about three after- Mexico State University while Clyde
inexpensive, practical noons of work to complete. We had was teaching there in the 1960s.
antenna projects that work! extra space available in our envelope Obviously, Pluto has become a very
with the large certificate, so we insert- interesting subject in the recent years.
8.5 X 11 Paperback $19.95 ed a Lowell membership application For more photos, go to the NADXA web-
CD Version $14.95
and some flyers along with our mailing. site at <http://www.nadxa.com>.
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
That was good for everyone and there As you can see, a small club can do
Shipping & Handling: USA - $7 for 1st book, $3.50 for
was no additional cost. fun and exciting special events with
2nd, $2 for each additional. CN/MX - $15 for 1st, $7 for As we started to work on the mailings, amateur radio and offer the world some
2nd, $3.50 for each additional. All Other Countries - sitting around a table, we began to
$25 for 1st, $10 for 2nd, $5 for each additional.
very interesting subjects. Don’t think
share some of the many comments and your club is too small to tackle one! Ask
stories from the event. My favorite was, around your area and I am sure you will
CQ Communications Inc. “will Pluto be a planet during this event?” find something educational, interesting,
17 West John St., Hicksville, NY 11801 Just about everyone who called in said
516-681-2922; Fax 516-681-2926
and local the world would like to hear
http://store.cq-amateur-radio.com
they still consider Pluto a planet. about. Just do it!

s u m m e r t re a t s
to keep you cool...
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by Jerry Sevick, W2FMI
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by W3ASK, N4XX & K6GKU This 384-page DXer’s Single- and Multi-Element Directive
This authoritative guidebook is the first Antennas for the
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on sunspot activity, Includes info on well over basic concepts have to
propagation predictions, 300 DX entities. be considered for sloper
unusual propagation Geographical info, antennas for the low
effects and do-it-yourself WAZ and ITU zones, bands.
forecasting tips. ITU callsign allocations,
amateur prefixes and more!.
6 X 9 Paperback $24.95
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learning curve BY RON OCHU, KOØZ
With a high number of aging “boomers” in our ranks, age-related hearing

loss can be a problem in a hobby that depends heavily on sound. KOØZ
shares one ham’s high-tech solution (beyond just working digital modes).
'LUHFWLRQDO+HDULQJ$LGV
<DJLVIRU<RXU(DUV
Plus Routing Your Rig’s Audio to the Hearing Aids
H
ave you seen the TV commercial proudly exclaiming, Consequently, Gary has been using hearing aids for 10
“This isn’t your father’s Buick?” Obviously, the ad’s pitch years. He also loves working CW and SSB and he didn’t want
is to get viewers to take a closer look at their product his hearing loss to diminish his enjoyment of the hobby. It’s
with “new eyes.” The same “philosophical” pitch can apply to Gary’s hope that the information in this article will help fel-
many aspects of ham radio. For example, this column on sev- low amateurs to continue enjoying their hobby even in spite
eral occasions has examined directional antennas. Directional of hearing loss.
antennas, such as Yagis, serve hams well in two major ways.
First, they concentrate the energy of a radio signal in a par- Telecoil Technology to the Rescue
ticular direction. Secondly, they attenuate (reduce) the Gary uses Siemens Pure bx5 binaural hearing aids (Photo
strength of signals from other directions which could interfere B) along with a spatial configurator in conjunction with a pro-
with your desired signal on receive. These two features make gram applying specific audio responses. There are other
a Yagi antenna a mainstay in amateur radio communications.
The same principle lies behind a different sort of directional
receiving, which is our topic this month.
A Yagi for Your Ears

I met Gary Huber, AB9M (Photo A), at a recent Central Illinois
DX and Contesting Association dinner. AB9M spent over 20
years in telephony and special RF applications (cellphones,
pagers, and two-way radios) application development for
State Farm Insurance. As luck would have it, I sat next to
Gary at the dinner table. Approximately 30 DXers were pre-
sent and the table conversation revolved around DX and var-
ious directive antenna systems. I noticed that Gary was
adjusting a screen on his electronic tablet as we talked. He
then pointed out to our group that while we were talking, he
was operating a directional antenna of sorts. Upon closer
inspection, I saw that Gary was using his tablet to control the
directional characteristics of his hearing aids!
As I’ve grown older, I’ve noticed that sometimes table con-
versations can be a challenge to hear due to ambient noise
levels and the decreasing lack of frequency response in my
ears as a result of normal aging. However, AB9M managed
to have little, if any, difficulty. It became apparent to me that
other hams may also be experiencing hearing loss and they,
too, might be interested in knowing what AB9M has done to
mitigate his hearing and frequency response loss. Especially
in light of recent growth statistics that indicate amateur radio
continues to grow in numbers, and that many of the new-
comers to our hobby are middle-aged or older.
According to Gary, working at a service desk and spend-
ing six to eight hours a day on a phone, as well as simply
growing older, can take its toll on normal hearing response.
Photo A. Meet Gary Huber, AB9M. (Photos by the author,

*e-mail: <ko0z@cq-amateur-radio.com> except as noted)

good, hearing aid manufacturers, but this is the brand that Inside each of his hearing aids there is a small wire coiled
AB9M uses and with which he is familiar, so we’ll be refer- around a rod, which is referred to as the telecoil. It acts as
encing it in this article. There is a very good YouTube video, an antenna, picking up magnetic signals and converting them
<http://bit.ly/1WIdoqi>, demonstrating the directional char- to sound inside the hearing aid. The major advantage of the
acteristics of spatial configuration and telecoil technology. telecoil and its “T-setting” is that audio from a speaker’s voice
AB9M told me that telecoil technology is the driving force or music can be fed directly into the hearing aid, thereby elim-
behind his hearing aids. inating distracting background noises. Gary went on to say
that anyone with hearing aids with the telecoil function and
a CW filter with a stereo output should be able to do some-
thing similar to what he is now doing with his ham radio setup
and his Siemens Pure bx5 binaural hearing aids.
Let’s Delve Further Inside

After seeing his audiologist to assess his hearing and fre-
quency response loss, AB9M was fitted for hearing aids that
compensated for his hearing/frequency loss. Gary told his
audiologist that not only did he wish to hear normal frequen-
cy ranges, but he also needed his hearing aids to be tailored
for his ham radio hobby. Keep in mind that audiologists work
to establish normal human frequency response hearing lev-
els; therefore, requesting an additional, narrower, tailored
bandpass filter setting is simply not part of an audiologist’s
typical workday experience. An audiologist will have to wrap
his/her mind around that request! At first, his audiologist was
reluctant to create that extra setting, but AB9M convinced his
audiologist that he knew exactly what he wanted and the rest
is, as they say, history.
In addition to normal frequency response hearing aids, Gary
Photo B. Notice the low profile of the Siemens Pure bx5 bin- now has an additional program for his hearing aids that atten-
aural hearing aids. The “J hook” goes over the user’s ear. uates frequencies below 250 Hz and above 4000 Hz, while
(AB9M photo) leaving a 300- to 3000-Hz band (the typical audio range of a
Photo C. AB9M’s Siemens easyTek hangs around his neck,

allowing Gary to utilize the directional characteristics of his Photo D. In addition to the easyTek, AB9M can control his
hearing aids. directional hearing aids via a program on his Android tablet.

communications receiver) with a 3-dB gain bump from 500
Hz to 1 kHz for CW tones. AB9M further adds, “this CW pro-
gram was put in the telecoil position so that it could be used
with a standard telephone receiver, headphones, or “J” hooks
(which hook over the ear and inductively couple to the tele-
coil inside the portion of the hearing aid behind the ear; see
Photo B. When the telecoil is used, the microphone ampli-
fiers of my hearing aids are programmed for a 6-dB reduc-
tion in gain (they could be turned off).”
Rig and Hearing Aid Interface

Gary uses a Ten-Tec Omni VII transceiver and his preferred
method of working CW is to set the DSP bandwidth to 200
Hz which activates the Collins 300-Hz mechanical filter. He
takes the line-level audio from the rear of the radio and feeds
it into an AOR TDF-370 DSP filter in CW stereo at 650 Hz
(CW zero beat audio offset frequency) usually set for 200-
Hz bandwidth (from choices of 100, 200 or 300 Hz) in a stereo
combination with “J hooks” plugged in and hung over each
ear. Gary says, “With this configuration, signals are low in
audio frequency in the left ear and high in audio frequency
in the right ear as I tune across them. When I hear the same
tone in both ears, I know I’m hearing 650 Hz and that I’m
zero-beat with that signal. There are no CW tones or other
audio from my radio heard by others in my shack, but I hear
650 Hz (plus or minus 100 Hz) perfectly.” (See sidebar for
more details.)
Spatial Configuration
Photo E. A close-up of the audio shaping programs con- In addition to providing a specific audio-shaping program,
tained within the app that controls AB9M’s hearing aids. which enables Gary to copy CW and phone signals, each
of AB9M’s hearing aids contains two microphones. This is
what enables him to select a particular direction in which to
Getting Audio From the Radio to the Aid listen. It’s somewhat similar to pointing a Yagi antenna in a
We asked Gary for more details on how he gets the processed certain direction or phasing two vertical antennas together
audio from his transceiver to his hearing aids. Gary explains: to create a broadside or end-fire array. The difference here
³J-hooks are connected to the TDF-370 and hung over my is that instead of RF signals, audio frequencies are being
ears, and inductively couple to the hearing aids using the received and processed. In Photo C, Gary is seen holding
T-coil setting. Headsets or speakers are acoustically coupled. his Siemens easyTek device, which hangs around his neck.
The EasyTek operates at 3.28 MHz (see <http://bit.ly/ There are pushbuttons that allow him to select the prepro-
24y1o0r>, pg. 47) and can stream Bluetooth audio devices, grammed audio settings that he needs for his hearing aid
including cell phones, or can be directly connected to source to apply, depending on his particular audio environment. In
audio devices using a shielded audio cable with miniature male addition to the easyTek, Siemens also provides a program
stereo plugs on each end. The two-way control and one-way that will allow the user to “steer” his hearing aids in a cer-
audio link between the EasyTek and hearing aids is via the tain direction and to shape the audio with a preprogrammed
neck loop antenna using a proprietary Siemens µcode¶ modu- application on his electronic tablet. Photo D shows a circle
lated RF signal. The rig audio originates as line level out of the on the screen. That configuration indicates 360-degree
Omni-VII or headset level from my Flex-1500, but I run it into hearing, much like an omnidirectional antenna. By touch-
a NCS Multi-Switcher and then into the TDF-370 for post DSP ing the circle, the user is able to manipulate the hearing aid
processing and volume amplification. The hearing aids also microphones to provide directional reception similar to a
have adjustable volume, so the Flex audio has a level set to Yagi antenna! Photo A shows Gary with his tablet control-
match the Omni-VII output. That way, I can do A/B receive with ling his hearing aids to listen straight ahead. Switching to a
the hearing aids set to mid-range, and I use the AOR TDF-370 different screen within the program as seen in photo E, Gary
volume control to set to a comfortable level. can choose between six different audio shaping programs:
³A second choice is a shielded mini-stereo cable with male Universal, TV, Ham, Phone-CW, Music, and Tinnitus.
Tip, Ring, Sleeve, on each end from the TDF-370 to the Easy-
Tec linked to my hearing aids. My last choice is the Bluetooth Enjoying the Hobby, Even With a Hearing Loss
transmitter plugged into the TDF-370 stereo jack and the Frequency and hearing loss can certainly dampen enjoy-
EasyTek (stereo rx) linked to the hearing aids. My Bluetooth ment of our hobby, but as Gary has found, this doesn’t have
transmitter was very inexpensive and while it¶s okay for stream- to be the case! AB9M gets into the pile-ups with the best of
ing music, it does add some noticeable delay, which I find irri- them and has Mixed DXCC Honor Roll! I am thankful that
tating when watching TV, working DX, contesting, or doing any luck gave me the opportunity to meet Gary, and that he
other near-real-time activity. Possibly a higher quality Bluetooth
agreed to be interviewed for this article so that other hams
transmitter with less latency would work better, but my first two
choices are more than enough for my needs.
in similar situations can benefit from his experience. AB9M
³Bottom line ... there is a lot of technology being used to get welcomes any questions and he can be reached at
the audio into my ears.” <ab9m@arrl.net>. I hope to hear you on the air and thank
you for reading CQ magazine. ± 73 de Ron, KOØZ

Amateur radio has a lot of room to grow in India. And young Tom Jose,
VU2TO, helped plant the seeds of growth by giving a presentation and
demonstration of live radio during a recent show in Kerala, India.
3URPRWLQJ+DP
5DGLRWR<RXWKLQ,QGLD
BY CAROLE PERRY, WB2MGP*
A
t the 2015 Dayton Hamvention®
Youth Forum, we had a special
international guest presenter.
Then 17-year-old Tom Jose, VU2TO,
wowed the audience with his amazing
resumé and his stories of helping the
police and emergency communica-
tions groups in India during disaster
situations.
Many of my young presenters contin-
ue to stay in touch with me for years
after the Dayton Youth Forum. This is
one happy, side perk of having moder-
ated the Dayton Youth Forum for the
past 29 years. Tom has kept me post-
ed on his visits to schools in his ongo-
ing efforts to introduce ham radio to stu-
dents in India. His latest communiqué
had me beaming with pride about this
young man’s accomplishments.
Tom and his dad, Mr. Jose Jacob,
VU2JOS, recently conducted an Tom Jose, VU2TO, stands inside the NIAR booth at the JDT Global Edu-connect
“awareness” program on ham radio ’16 Fair in Kerala India. (All photos courtesy of VU2TO)
over five days at the JDT Global Edu-
connect ’16 Fair in Kerala, India. He for-
warded the attached photos and write-
up documenting their experiences.
“During the JDT Global Edu-connect
’16, the National Institute of Amateur
Radio (NIAR) gave an amateur radio
demonstration that was spearheaded
by Jose Jacob, VU2JOS, and Tom K.
Jose, VU2TO. This was an education-
al fair organized by the JDT Islam
Orphanage and other educational insti-
tutions and spread around the large
JDT Islam campus at Marikunnu,
Kozhikode, Kerala, India, during the
week of 10-14 April 2016. Br. Nouri Al
Nouri of Kuwait inaugurated the event
that featured about 300 stalls from
assorted government, private, educa-
tional, commercial, and non-govern-
mental institutions from India and
Local hams volunteered their time to staff the booth and give live demonstrations
*28 Keune Ct, Staten Island, NY 10304 of ham radio. Seated here are (from l. to r.) Mr. Sanil, VU3SIO; Mr. Sharoon,
e-mail: <WB2MGB@gmail.com> KD2AFT; and Tom’s father Jose, VU2JOS.

abroad. There were also various com- mostly of students and the general pub-
petitions and cultural programs during lic, were treated to a live demonstration
the event. on HF/VHF from the special event sta-
“Jacob and Jose were given the task by tion. Local hams also volunteered their
NIAR to set up a booth and give a pre- time to work the booth and assisted with
sentation on amateur radio during the handing out brochures and discussing
CQ Books & CDs event. They set up a stall and a special
event station using 8T6JDT as its call-
the various activities that ham radio
has to offer. On April 12th, Tom, VU2TO,
sign. In addition, they displayed various gave a presentation on amateur radio to
฀ types of HF and VHF equipment in the a group of students as part of the fair’s
฀ stall and hung several banners depict- seminar program.
ing what you can do with amateur radio. “Leading newspapers from India such
by Jerry Sevick, W2FMI
Attendees of the show, which consisted as Mathrubhumi and the Indian Ex-
The successor to the
popular and authoritative
Baluns and Ununs. Great
deal of new tutorial material,
and designs not in previous
book, with crystal clear
explanations of how and why they work.
8.5 X 11 Paperback $19.95

CD Version $14.95
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
by Bill Orr, W6SAI

W6SAI was known for his
easy-to-understand writing
style. In keeping with this
tradition, this book is a
thoroughly readable text for
any antenna enthusiast,
jam-packed with dozens of
inexpensive, practical
antenna projects that work!

CD Version $14.95
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
฀ ฀ Tom Jose, VU2TO, demonstrates a VHF transceiver to a group of children

by Bob Haviland, that stopped by the booth.
W4MB
Comprehensive guide to
the construction, design
and performance of Quad
Antennas. General
Concepts, Circular-Loop &
Arrays, Rectangular & Square
Loops, Multi-Element Quads
and more!

CD Version $14.95
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
Shipping & Handling: U.S. add $7 for the first item,

$3.50 for the second and $2 for each add’l item. FREE
shipping on orders over $100 to one U.S. address.
CN/MX-$15 for 1st item, $7 for 2nd and $3 for each
add’l. All Other Countries-$25 for 1st item, $10 for 2nd
and $5 for each additional. Buy Both=single item!
CQ The Radio
Amateur's Journal
Phone 516-681-2922 Tom Jose, VU2TO, goes over the various capabilities of a VHF transceiver with
FAX 516-681-2926 a group of older students during the JDT Global Edu-connect ’16 Fair.

press covered the fair and provided some exposure to NIAR’s
outreach efforts. According to the organizers, approximate- Young Ladies’ Radio League, Inc.
ly 4,000 people visited our booth despite a severe heat wave
that struck the area. NIAR is hoping the success of the booth Since 1939
and presentation will draw many new people to become radio
amateurs. For 75 years the Young Ladies’
Radio League, Inc. (YLRL) has
I’d like to thank Tom for his report. His efforts in India will help helped women find their voice
grow our hobby and I hope his example will get others to
in Amateur Radio with members
spread the word. ± WB2MGP
of all ages and interests.
The YLRL sponsors a number
of certificates for both YLs and
OMs. Members can earn special YL Certificates.
YL-Harmonics is our bi-monthly publication
highlighting what women are doing in
Amateur Radio.
YLRL gives out scholarships to YLs each year.
For more information on the YLRL, the current
dues amounts, weekly YL Net locations or how to
join please go to our website at www.ylrl.org or
contact the Publicity Chairwoman, Cheryl Muhr,
NØWBV at n0wbv@earthlink.net. All
Officer information is also listed both
on the website and in each edition of
the magazine and you may contact
any Officer as well.
With thanks to the OMs who
encourage and support us.
Visit us at www.ylrl.org
Tom discusses all of the activities that ham radio has to offer
to a group of women that stopped by the NIAR booth.
Standing room only for Tom’s presentation on ham radio during the JDT Global Edu-connect ’16 Fair. Over 4,000 people
attended the fair in Kerala, India, despite record heat.

5HVXOWVRIWKH&4:::3;
577<&RQWHVW
BY ED MUNS, WØYK
It’s not only my first RTTY contest but also my first

operation on RTTY…7M4GMH
The best WPX RTTY contest I’ve ever operated…AA5AU
Very exciting contest…DC9ZP
First RTTY contest ever, but great fun…DL6DH
Very good condx this year…DL7CX
First time ever, wonderful!...EE4CP
My first RTTY contest so it was a bit of a learning
curve!...GØWAT
Great fun, and the bands were alive!...GUØSUP
Had a great time portable ops Subic Bay, on the ocean,
with vertical antenna…DX3R
S
olar Cycle 24 has definitely retreated from its second
peak last year, with obvious results for the 22nd annu-
al contest. Ten-meter activity was significantly down
and will likely continue its descent in the next few years. As
always, 15, 20, and 40 are the primary bands. With the low-
band premium of double QSO points, though, it turns out that WW4LL was operated by Charlie, AA4CF; Steve, W9SN;
40 meters is the most productive band, by far, and 80 meters and Fred, WW4LL, on their way to a new USA Record in
is on a par with 20 and 15. Bottom line is that 80 to 15 meters MS HP.
are all very important, regardless of where we are in the solar
cycle. Ten meters is only useful during the peaks. This his-
torical table shows percent of QSOs across all logs received
Logs received increased 14% to 3,318 for a total of 1.25
for the last seven years:
million QSOs. Logs came in from 147 countries and 2,133
prefixes appeared across all those logs. As expected, 9A1A
Band 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
captured the most prefixes at 1,289, a new high. There are
80 13% 15% 11% 11% 8% 7% 10%
a few videos online from the contest, including SV3FUO,
40 27% 28% 23% 26% 21% 21% 23%
VE7JH, and S51J.
20 36% 35% 27% 28% 22% 21% 25%
15 23% 21% 30% 29% 28% 27% 32%
Single-Operator (3040 entries)
10 0.5% 1% 9% 6% 21% 25% 11%
There are many Single-Operator entry categories to satisfy
Records continue to be set, although somewhat fewer this a wide range of interests. Low Power remains the most pop-
year than in 2015 as the bars are pushed higher. There are ular power level and 15 meters was the most popular Single-
still some excellent opportunities, especially in the single- Band category this year as 10 meters continues its decline:
band categories for regional and even world records to be
set in the future. 80 40 20 15 10 SB AB SO
QRP 12 8 20 20 6 66 76 142
World Continent LP 44 84 97 152 80 457 1364 1821
New Avail New Avail HP 29 54 47 92 32 254 823 1077
SO10 – 3 1 18 Total 85 146 164 264 118 777 2263 3040
SO15 1 3 5 18
SO20 2 3 3 18 QRP (142)
SO40 1 3 1 18 Rudolf, TM3T (F5VBT), won the All-Band category, falling
SO80 – 3 – 18 short of the world record he set last year. Dmitry, RX1CQ,
SOAB – 3 1 18 was second and Fabio, IZ8JFL/1, took third. UN7EG set a
MSH – 1 2 6 new Asia record.
MSL 1 1 4 6 Mike, RT4W, won 10 meters and Simone, IK5RUN, set a
M2 – 1 – 6 new world record on 15 meters. Mikael, SBØA (SMØLPO),
MM 1 1 2 6 set a new world record on 20 meters while Fawaz, A92AA,
Total 6 22 19 132 set a new Asia record there as well. Anil, YB1MBA, is the
first 20-meter entry from Oceania, so set the world record for
that region. Doby, LZ8U (LZ2TU), won 40 meters and Yasu,
*e-mail: <w0yk@cqwpxrtty.com> 7N4WPY won Asia. Pieter, ON3DI, won 80 meters.

2016 CQWW WPX RTTY CONTEST First ever RTTY contest…DM5EE
TROPHY SPONSORS AND WINNERS First time I’ve worked RTTY…KB6NN
Had a great time on the
Single Operator All Bands High Power
World: Sponsored by Jeff Blaine, ACØC. Winner: P49X (op: Ed Muns, WØYK) bands…DL8TG
North America: Sponsored by John Barber, GW4SKA. Winner: Bud Trench, AA3B First RTTY contest good…EA8OG
USA: Sponsored by Abroham Neal Software by K3NC. Winner: Jeff Blaine, ACØC
USA 7th Call Area: Hank Lonberg, KR7X, in memorium of Bob Wruble, W7GG. Winner:
Jeff Stai, KS7AA (op. WK6I)
Low Power (1821)
Europe: Sponsored by Flex Radio Systems. Winner: Boyan Petkov, LZ2BE John, KK9A, won All-Band world for
the second year in a row, just squeak-
Single Operator All Bands Low Power ing past his 2015 score. Roberto, EF2Y
World: Sponsored by Mike Sims, K4GMH. Winner: John Bayne, KK9A (EA2RY), was second, winning Europe.
North America: Sponsored by Wayne King, N2WK. Winner: Doug Ferris, VA3DF Alex, YO9HP, took third and Doug,
USA: Sponsored by Jeff Demers, N1SNB. Winner: Don Hill, AA5AU
Canada: Sponsored by Mike Donohue, VE3YF. Winner: Richard Ferch, VE3KI VA3DF, placed fourth, winning North
Oceania: Sponsored by Doug Faunt, N6TQS. Winner: Hirofumi Nakamura, A31MM (Op. America.
JA6WFM) Obaid, A61DJ, won 10 meters and
Europe: Sponsored by Flex Radio Systems. Winner: Roberto Garcia, EA2RY Grecia, YY1YLY, took second. Max,
CONO SUR (CE-CX-LU): Sponsored by LU-CG Contest Group. Winner: Matt Von Frey, KH6ZM, set a new Oceania record for
CE2MVF
Asia: Sponsored by Doug Faunt, N6TQS. Winner: Ozkan Ozal, TA7I
third place.
Francisco, EE7Y (EC7WA), won 15
Single Operator All Bands QRP meters with Julio, YV1KK, a close sec-
North America: Sponsored by Flex Radio Systems. Winner: Rudolf Ruffer, F5VBT ond while earning a new South America
record. Wayne, N2WK, set a new North
Single Operator Single Band America record for 6th place and Vlad,
3.5 MHz World High Power: Sponsored by Sue Cook, AI6YL/P40YL. Winner: Tadej
Arcon, S52X UN6LN, set a new Asia record for 7th
14 MHz World High Power: Sponsored by Steve “Sid” Caesar, NH7C. Winner: Stephane place overall.
Van Langenhoven, F4DXW M9T (MØSIY) won 20 meters.
14 MHz World Low Power: Sponsored by Kenny Young, AB4GG. Winner: Simon Shaul, Marijan, S56A, won 40 meters and
MØSIY Juan, YW5T (YV5JBI), came within
14 MHz World QRP: Sponsored by John Marranca, KB2HSH. Winner: Mikael Karlsson,
0.6% of his own South America record
SMØLPO
21 MHz World High Power: Sponsored by Steve Jarrett, K4FJ. Winner: Olli Droese, for 5th place overall. Bob, WA1FCN,
P4ØFA (Op. DH8BQA) was 10th while narrowly missing the
21 MHz World Low Power: Sponsored by Wray Dudley, AB4SF. Winner: Francisco North America record.
Fernandez, EE7Y (Op. EC7WA) Zdenek, OK2HBR, won 80 meters.
28 MHz World High Power: Sponsored by Steve Bookout, NR4M, and the Goat Farm
Gang. Winner: Wanderley Gomes, ZX2B (Op. PY2MNL)
High Power (1077)
Multi-Op Single Transmitter Ed, P49X (WØYK), won All-Band
World: Sponsored by CR3A/CQ9K - CT3 Madeira Contest Team. Winner: OL7M (Op. world while Boyan, LZ8E (LZ2BE), took
OK1CID, OK1DF, OK1MU, OK1NOR, OK1XUB, OK2ZAW, OK3KW, OK8XX)
North America: Sponsored by Mike Benjamin, W2GR. Winner: WW4LL (Op. WW4LL,
second, barely missing the Europe
AA4CF, W9SN, W4KTR) record. Bud, AA3B, was third, unfortu-
USA: Sponsored by John Lockhart, WØDC. Winner: K1SFA (Op. K1MK, K1SFA, K1TTT) nately falling short of the North America
record he set last year.
Multi-Op Single Transmitter Low Power Wanderley, ZX2B (PY2MNL), won 10
USA: Sponsored by Flex Radio Systems. Winner: NG1R (Op. W1QK, NG1R) meters with a second place all-time
Multi-Op Two Transmitter score. Juan, LTØH (LU3HY), was sec-
World: Sponsored by Steve Bookout, NR4M, and the Goat Farm Gang. Winner: LX7I (Op. ond this year.
LX2A, DF7ZS, DL6ZBN, DK5ON, DF8XC, DG3FK) Olli, P4ØFA (DH8BQA), won 15
North America: Sponsored by Ed Muns, WØYK. Winner: K9CT (Op. K9NR, AI9T, K9WX, meters for a new South America record
N9CK, K9CT, K3WA) and the second place all-time high
USA: Sponsored by CRTI Contest Group, in memorium Chris Seeber KA1GEU. Winner:
NB3R (NJ3I, N3OW, NB3R)
score. Kari, EB8AH (OH4KA), was sec-
Europe: Sponsored by Flex Radio Systems. Winner: LZ7Z (Op. LZ1AO, LZ1FCN, LZ1FY, ond place this year and Sasa, 9A705Y
LZ1GEN, LZ1PV, LZ1RF, LZ3LZ, LZ3TL) (9A3NM), came very close to the
Europe record for third place.
Multi-Op Multi-Transmitter Stephane, TM6M (F4DXW), won 20
World: Sponsored by Steve Bookout, NR4M, and the Goat Farm Gang. Winner: 9A1A meters and Serge, 5B4AMM, set a new
(Op. 9A5W, 9A9A, 9A2DQ, 9A6A, 9A7R, 9A7C, 9A5DDT, 9A7MIM, 9A7CDZ, 9A5AEV,
9A5CPP, 9A5CMM, 9A5CKM, 9A5CPL) world record on 40 meters. Tadej,
North America: Sponsored by Fred Dennin, WW4LL. Winner: NR4M (Op. NR4M, W3TB, S52X, won 80 meters.
NR4C, K7SV, N7TY, K4EC, K4GM, K4MIL, W4IM, KK4RTF, N4DXS, W1IE, N3ZV, KS4Q)
Asia: Sponsored by Flex Radio Systems. Winner: RWØA (Op. RAØAM, RWØAR,
RZØAT, RZØAI, RGØA, RVØAR, RAØANR, RAØASG, RUØA, RUØAM, RAØALB,
Multi-Operator (139)
RØACG, RAØAAC, RKØA, UAØ1Ø3112) Multi-Single is the most popular multi-
operator category by far:
Club Competition
World: Sponsored by Potomac Valley Radio Club. Winner: Bavarian Contest Club
North America: Sponsored by Northern California Contest Club (NCCC). Winner: MSL MSH M2 MM
Northern California Contest Club 51 58 20 10

Alexwy, EW3A, having fun on 40 Meters LP.
Multi-Single Low Power (51)

The first three places broke the previous Multi-Single Low
Power world record: MØA (G8APB, GØBSU), DQ4W
(DK7MCX DL2MLU, DL6RAI), and UZØA. Very close in 4th
place was 9A7T (9A2EU, 9A4KJ, 9A4OP, 9A5MR, 9A5CB,
9A7DR). YE1ZAT (YC1DPM, YC1ME, YF1DO, YC1MR,
YD1DGZ, YD1JZ, YD1OLG, YD1DOQ, YD1ORZ) set a new
Oceania record for 7th place. RYØA (RYØA, RAØAY) took
12th place for a new Asia record. ET7L (UW7LL, UR4LRQ)
set a new Africa record.
2016 CQWW WPX RTTY TOP WORLD SCORES
SINGLE OPERATOR *ES5Q (ES5RY) .................1,482,226 YO8WW ..................................70,328 14 MHz 14 MHz

HIGH POWER ALL BAND *Z36N ................................1,444,200 9A4AA.....................................67,100 IU1FQQ ...................................93,396 GM3W (GM3SEK)..............2,119,355
P49X (WØYK) ..................13,504,680 *EA8DED ...........................1,351,875 EA8CMX.............................1,129,056
LZ8E (LZ2BE).....................8,109,504 MULTI-OPERATOR 7 MHz IW3QRM ............................1,110,796
AA3B..................................7,867,328 14 MHz SINGLE TRANSMITTER (HIGH) WK9U ...................................479,516 USØMS .................................481,032
SN7Q (SP7GIQ) .................6,798,155 *M9K (MØSIY) ..................1,533,872 OL7M (OK1CID)...............10,565,802 A61EK ...................................412,676 EU1DX ..................................339,426
UT5M (UR5MID)................6,525,696 *OG9ØAA (OH8KVY) ............572,000 HG7T (HA7TM) ................10,456,812
UW1M................................6,206,368 *KH6ZM................................541,383 IQ1RY (I1BEP) ...................9,670,920 LOW POWER 7 MHz
LB8IB.................................5,683,559 *YT2AAA ..............................495,957 ED1R (EA1AR) ...................9,616,320 ALL BAND K9OM/4 .............................2,192,256
UW3U (UT7UJ)..................5,433,982 *YV5AAX ..............................420,195 IQ9UI (IW9GTD) ................8,565,960 *IU4CHE ............................1,239,446 EU4E ..................................1,533,072
II2V (IK2NCJ).....................5,393,232 V55V (DD8ZX) ...................8,309,030 *CR5U (CS7AJL) ..................855,525 SV3FUO ................................848,392
ACØC .................................4,929,946 HG1S (HA1TJ) ...................7,980,651 *UN5GAV..............................490,420 UR4MG .................................369,420
7 MHz
9A5D (9A3AW) ..................7,841,658 *SI6I (SA6CMO) ...................483,472 W9AKS ...................................54,064
*S56A ................................2,384,000
28 MHz WW4LL..............................7,507,472 *GM4UQG.............................422,816
*YU1AST (YT2T) ...............1,763,580
ZX2B (PY2MNL) ................1,758,058 IQ6AN (IK6VXO) ................7,331,345 *2EØDSQ..............................332,061 3.5 MHz
*IK3TPP.............................1,714,620
LTØH (LU3HY)...................1,148,080 *EA2BF .................................259,992 OK2SFP .............................1,028,600
*YO4NF..............................1,325,870
YT5W (YU1AU).....................634,382 *WP4PGY .............................244,545 SP5DL ..................................171,292
*YW5T (YV5JBI)................1,323,328 MULTI-OPERATOR
LZ5R (LZ1JZ)........................486,150 *EW4FG................................208,534 EA5DM....................................65,148
SINGLE TRANSMITTER (LOW)
LU5VV ..................................450,328 *DL1XG ................................204,792 UT8EU.....................................47,488
3.5 MHz *MØA (G8APB)..................2,844,486
KX7L .........................................8,778
*OK2SAR..............................563,580 *DQ4W (DK7MCX) ............2,591,057
21 MHz 28 MHz
*OM3ZWA ............................560,142 *UZØA ...............................2,358,895
P4ØFA (DH8BQA) ..............3,888,599 *YY1YLY ...........................1,458,700 LOW POWER
*OK2HBR..............................552,636 *9A7T (9A2EU)..................2,292,968
EB8AH (OH4KA).................3,473,820 *PU8TAS ................................13,386 ALL BAND
*E77AW................................532,770 *DFØBLM (DH7TS)............1,918,752
9A7Ø5Y (9A3NM) ..............3,131,700 *RA9AU .............................1,899,562
*OK4K (OK1BOA) .................503,972 *LY16W (LY1FW)..............1,906,868
PT2CM (PT2FE) .................2,678,312 21 MHz *RG5A ...............................1,797,152
*YE1ZAT (YC1DPM) ..........1,790,415
R7AB .................................2,095,444 *BH4OUF ..............................112,288 *UT5EPP ...........................1,737,580
*RK3PWR..........................1,778,894
QRP *OE5TKM................................54,234 *GM1C (GM1BSG).............1,661,060
*IQ2CU (I2XLF) .................1,756,530
14 MHz ALL BAND *BI4OJF ....................................8,758 *SP9H ...............................1,638,756
*ED3D (EA3AYQ)...............1,497,678
TM6M (F4DXW).................3,024,060 TM3T (F5VBT) ...................1,594,104 *DJ8OG .............................1,468,848
DM1A (DL1IAO).................2,153,088 RX1CQ ...............................1,066,456 14 MHz *RT7N................................1,421,892
GM3W (GM3SEK)..............2,119,355 IZ8JFL/1 (IZ8JFL/1) ...........1,008,900 MULTI-OPERATOR *IK8LXI.................................118,080 *US6CQ .............................1,347,104
IZ4NIC ...............................2,053,930 OK2FD...................................866,096 TWO TRANSMITTER *A92AA...................................87,084 *DL3SYA ...........................1,202,080
S57DX ...............................2,014,110 YO8RAA................................692,184 LX7I .................................13,356,595 *RK3SWS .................................7,526 *ON4CT .............................1,196,419
K2YG ....................................540,400 K9CT ................................12,224,268 *KC1DDO..................................5,141
7 MHz DO1FCB ................................472,976 LZ7A ..................................9,772,958 *K1AUS/7 .................................1,512 28 MHz
5B4AMM............................5,693,310 KE8M ....................................461,678 SZ1A ..................................9,621,045 *EF8J (EA8CNR)...................657,105
YU7U .................................3,659,712 EA1GT...................................336,555 9A5K ..................................8,150,652 7 MHz *NH7AA ................................336,000
SN2M.................................3,504,988 OH2LZI .................................320,212 DKØWRTC .........................7,704,792 *9A3DZH ..............................108,416 *ER1OO ................................141,940
K9OM/4 .............................2,192,256 NB3R .................................6,760,825 *IU2CIQ ..................................22,940 *LU9EHU ..............................137,052
R7CD .................................2,176,356 WX3SKY ............................5,907,300 *NP3YL ..................................47,880
28 MHz NW1E.................................5,006,458 3.5 MHz
RT4W......................................55,488 ED2C..................................4,937,670
3.5 MHz *YU4OIZ ...............................122,450 21 MHz
R7NA ......................................13,464
S52X ..................................2,138,240 *EA8DED ...........................1,351,875
K6OO ........................................9,112
I4AVG ................................1,530,272 MULTI-OPERATOR TRIBANDER/SINGLE ELEMENT *W1ZD/7...............................503,139
IZ3NVR .....................................8,874
SQ2RGB.............................1,220,002 MULTI-TRANSMITTER HIGH POWER *IW9FDD ..............................498,510
LA1DSA ....................................1,232
IZØKBR ..............................1,131,792 9A1A ................................26,470,904 ALL BAND *YT9VM................................434,826
OK2SFP .............................1,028,600 RWØA ..............................16,376,070 RT9S..................................3,559,005 *R5ACQ ................................245,032
21 MHz NR4M ..............................13,595,231 GWØA ................................3,014,787
LOW POWER IK5RUN.................................267,540 DR5N ...............................13,239,565 14 MHz
N3QE..................................2,913,318
ALL BAND TM9K (F5BEG) ......................112,515 DG1VL ...............................9,627,900 *M9K (MØSIY) ..................1,533,872
DM5TI................................2,632,200
*KK9A/4.............................5,279,890 HA3HX ....................................80,444 YL4U..................................8,551,391 *YT2AAA ..............................495,957
DL6NDW............................2,623,752
*EF2Y (EA2RY)..................3,882,669 SP4LVK ..................................72,329 OH5C .................................7,192,277 *SBØA (SMØLPO) ................399,438
M3I (GØORH) ....................2,233,808
*YO9HP .............................2,998,245 OE5TKM..................................54,234 YT9A .....................................707,126 *LU5FF .................................398,160
K3MD.................................1,965,414
*VA3DF..............................2,810,605 OK1RPL ..................................99,541 WX1S.................................1,958,372 *YO2IS .................................384,983
*PJ6/NM1Y (NM1Y) ..........2,680,525 14 MHz JE1ZWT ..................................34,680 GM8SBH (GMØFGI) ...........1,947,954
*UR6EA .............................2,494,915 SBØA (SMØLPO) ..................399,438 7 MHz
AD5XD ...............................1,919,670
*AA5AU .............................2,461,050 YL3DJ ...................................163,170 *YU1AST (YT2T) ...............1,763,580
ROOKIE
*TA7I .................................2,378,880 HG6C (HA6IAM)....................123,432 *IK3TPP.............................1,714,620
HIGH POWER 28 MHz
*VE3KI...............................2,041,490 A92AA.....................................87,084 *OK2RU.............................1,070,080
ALL BAND ZX2B (PY2MNL) ................1,758,058
*UT8EL ..............................1,929,080 SQ6PNP..................................71,154 *S51DX ................................946,308
ER5LL ...................................767,142 EA5FID....................................61,476
OK7LO ..................................374,480 ZM3T (W3SE) .........................40,932 *Z39A ...................................734,296
28 MHz 7 MHz SV2KF ...................................310,426 AA7V.......................................33,152
*A61DJ ..............................1,753,436 LZ8U (LZ2TU).......................302,148 VE3TCV.................................258,266 DL3HAH..................................23,316 3.5 MHz
*YY1YLY ...........................1,458,700 7N4WPY .................................23,270 UT7EJ ...................................208,445 VU2IBI ....................................17,850 *SP9BNM .............................493,728
*PU1MKZ .............................976,360 IZ2QKG ...................................21,316 JI1ANI.....................................14,152 *LA/DL7URH (DL7URH).......413,920
*EF8J (EA8CNR)...................657,105 GMØHVS...................................7,470 SV2JU.......................................4,848 21 MHz *UR7CB ................................114,240
*R9VA ..................................500,830 WD8ANZ ...................................1,120 WK7S (K6LL).....................1,639,338 *IW4EGX ..............................102,900
3.5 MHz UA3RF................................1,349,842 *DK6SP ..................................95,904
21 MHz ON3DI ...................................216,776 21 MHz UN4PG..................................992,750
*EE7Y (EC7WA).................1,807,465 IK4UXA .................................110,136 A96A .....................................282,124 W9ILY...................................899,198
*YV1KK .............................1,734,798 DK6SP ....................................95,904 YD9SBP ................................166,246 UA6LJB.................................664,384

SZ1A: The team at the SZ1A M2 which took 3rd in Europe and set a new SV record were Kostas, SV1DPI; Dimitris, SV1CIB;
Spiros, SV1JMO; (on next page) Vasilis, SV1JMC; Cliff, SV1JG; and Sotiris, SV1BDO.
2016 CQWW WPX RTTY TOP UNITED STATES SCORES
SINGLE OPERATOR *W3KB...............................1,038,048 21 MHz ROOKIE 14 MHz

HIGH POWER *NTØF................................1,030,436 N5IJE ......................................46,464 HIGH POWER KZ7X .....................................260,929
ALL BAND *WN6K .................................784,628 WD9FTZ/8...............................36,600 ALL BAND W3RTY .................................238,784
AA3B..................................7,867,328 WD8ANZ ...................................1,120
ACØC .................................4,929,946 28 MHz 14 MHz 7 MHz
KS7AA (WK6I) ...................4,104,565 *N2WN/4 ................................69,300 KB2HSH..................................28,188 28 MHz K9OM/4 .............................2,192,256
KF2O ..................................3,186,414 *KB3JZB .................................23,055 NK5G ......................................20,900 WK9U ...................................479,516 W9AKS ...................................54,064
WQ6K (N6IE) .....................3,084,400 *NA4W (K4WI) .......................16,906 K6VHF.....................................11,096
N3QE..................................2,913,318 3.5 MHz
W3FV .................................2,847,495 21 MHz 3.5 MHz LOW POWER KX7L .........................................8,778
WE9V.................................2,766,150 *N2WK ..............................1,314,920 K3TW/4........................................216 ALL BAND
AB3CV ...............................2,720,256 *W1ZD/7...............................503,139 *AC2QY ................................195,930
LOW POWER
NR2C .................................2,527,380 *N2NF...................................468,496 MULTI-OPERATOR *AD2KA ................................187,054
ALL BAND
*K7WP..................................274,512 SINGLE TRANSMITTER (HIGH) *KD2HEK ..............................168,000
*KA2D ...............................1,114,245
28 MHz *WNØL .................................175,872 WW4LL..............................7,507,472 *KW4CR ...............................104,130
*K2DSL ................................593,806
WZ7ZR (W7ZR) ....................167,948 K1SFA (K1MK)...................7,077,954 *WA8RPK ...............................96,534
*WB2RHM/4.........................549,974
AA7V.......................................33,152 14 MHz NCØDX (WØLSD)...............4,703,694 *NF4E .....................................84,303
*KY3W..................................506,399
N3UA/4 ...................................31,772 *W4LC..................................327,488 NV9L..................................4,455,634 *K8SE .....................................75,192
*KM6Z ..................................477,286
N3ND/4 .....................................6,533 *K6GHA ................................286,090 NN4MM (AA4YL) ...............2,166,496 *N2HMM ................................67,195
*NN5T...................................452,661
*N9TF ...................................212,064 KT1I ...................................1,341,130 *NK9O ....................................66,164
*KW9U .................................448,864
21 MHz *K4PZC...................................43,884 AA5B..................................1,273,992 *AI6EJ ....................................60,771
*K7MKL/Ø ............................431,648
K8IA/7................................1,902,800 *ABØP ....................................34,450 K7JR (K7MK).....................1,192,516 *N8CWU ...............................410,800
WK7S (K6LL).....................1,639,338 K7ZS ..................................1,127,610 14 MHz *KG4V/1 (N1EN)...................383,700
W9ILY...................................899,198 7 MHz K7RI...................................1,101,600 *KC1DDO..................................5,141
W8JWN.................................563,448 *WA1FCN/4 ..........................771,528 *K1AUS/7 .................................1,512 28 MHz
AG2T.....................................268,498 *KA9O ..................................120,666 MULTI-OPERATOR *K6OO ......................................9,112
*W2VTV..................................84,378 SINGLE TRANSMITTER (LOW) 3.5 MHz
14 MHz *WA1HEW/3 ...........................57,600 *NG1R (W1QK) .................1,335,180 *KC1ANM ....................................286
K7BV/4..................................905,808 21 MHz
*KCØDEB................................44,128 *KN5S (KS5TX) ....................563,174
N7NM ...................................671,370 *W1ZD/7...............................503,139
*NY6DX/2 .............................483,658
KZ7X .....................................260,929 TRIBANDER/SINGLE ELEMENT *N2MUN .................................95,183
3.5 MHz *KI6DY/Ø..............................235,942
W3RTY .................................238,784 HIGH POWER *AA7UN ....................................7,550
*AB1J .....................................93,572 *NF2RS (K2QO)....................167,832
ALL BAND *AF5CC .....................................3,432
*AB9YC ..................................78,880 *KU9V ....................................35,226
N3QE..................................2,913,318
7 MHz *N5RN ....................................54,180 *AA5NT ..................................33,120
K3MD.................................1,965,414 14 MHz
K9OM/4 .............................2,192,256 *W8JGU .................................19,256 *KI5EE ....................................17,954
WX1S.................................1,958,372 *W4LC..................................327,488
K4GMH ..............................2,102,100 *W7PP....................................17,550 *WW2NJ (KG2GL)....................6,820
AD5XD ...............................1,919,670 *K6GHA ................................286,090
WK9U ...................................479,516
WØELT/9............................1,481,184 *N9TF ...................................212,064
WØIY ......................................64,750 QRP MULTI-OPERATOR
W6SX.................................1,462,599 *K4PZC...................................43,884
W9AKS ...................................54,064 ALL BAND TWO TRANSMITTER
K9CT ................................12,224,268 WD5K ................................1,391,920
K2YG ....................................540,400 NY4I (W4CU) .....................1,154,000
3.5 MHz KE8M ....................................461,678 NB3R .................................6,760,825 7 MHz
WX3SKY ............................5,907,300 WD9Q ...................................915,513
KX7L .........................................8,778 W6QU (W8QZA)....................268,355 *WA1HEW/3 ...........................57,600
NW1E.................................5,006,458 W6AEA/7 ..............................896,584
K8ZT .....................................100,890
LOW POWER WØRAA...................................90,534 KB8O .................................3,914,160 3.5 MHz
NØNI ..................................3,621,102 28 MHz *AB1J .....................................93,572
ALL BAND N8ME......................................68,620
KN5TX ...............................3,596,863 AA7V.......................................33,152 *W6NF/Ø ..................................3,150
*KK9A/4.............................5,279,890 AB3WS ...................................49,278
*AA5AU .............................2,461,050 NE5LL (N1CC) ........................43,148 WB8SKP/4 ............................436,912
*KS1J ................................1,318,800 WFØT......................................33,516 21 MHz
*WB5TUF...........................1,268,925 WB9QAF/Ø..............................24,645 MULTI-OPERATOR WK7S (K6LL).....................1,639,338 *Low Power
*KA2D ...............................1,114,245 MULTI-TRANSMITTER W9ILY...................................899,198
*K2LNS/3 ..........................1,039,500 28 MHz NR4M ..............................13,595,231 WV6I (N6WM) ........................43,648
*WB4YDL ..........................1,038,185 K6OO ........................................9,112

2016 CQWW WPX RTTY TOP EUROPE SCORES
SINGLE OPERATOR *I1WXY ................................145,555 7 MHz OK7LO ..................................374,480 EU1DX ..................................339,426
HIGH POWER *ER1OO ................................141,940 LZ8U (LZ2TU).......................302,148 SV2KF ...................................310,426 MØUNI..................................241,678
ALL BAND *SQ1EIX ...............................138,985 IZ2QKG ...................................21,316 UT7EJ ...................................208,445
LZ8E (LZ2BE).....................8,109,504 GMØHVS...................................7,470 SV2JU.......................................4,848 7 MHz
SN7Q (SP7GIQ) .................6,798,155 EU4E ..................................1,533,072
21 MHz
UT5M (UR5MID)................6,525,696 3.5 MHz 14 MHz SV3FUO ................................848,392
*EE7Y (EC7WA).................1,807,465
UW1M................................6,206,368 ON3DI ...................................216,776 IU1FQQ ...................................93,396 UR4MG .................................369,420
*ES5Q (ES5RY) .................1,482,226
LB8IB.................................5,683,559 *Z36N ................................1,444,200 IK4UXA .................................110,136
UW3U (UT7UJ)..................5,433,982 *G8X (G4FJK).......................757,712 DK6SP ....................................95,904 LOW POWER 3.5 MHz
II2V (IK2NCJ).....................5,393,232 YO8WW ..................................70,328 ALL BAND OK2SFP .............................1,028,600
*EA1ACP ..............................684,432
EMØI (UT2IZ).....................4,843,483 9A4AA.....................................67,100 *IU4CHE ............................1,239,446 SP5DL ..................................171,292
EM2G (UR7GO) .................4,240,335 *CR5U (CS7AJL) ..................855,525 EA5DM....................................65,148
14 MHz UT8EU.....................................47,488
SQ9UM ..............................4,067,558 MULTI-OPERATOR *SI6I (SA6CMO) ...................483,472
*M9K (MØSIY) ..................1,533,872
*OG9ØAA (OH8KVY) ............572,000 SINGLE TRANSMITTER (HIGH) *GM4UQG.............................422,816
28 MHz OL7M (OK1CID)...............10,565,802 *2EØDSQ..............................332,061 LOW POWER
*YT2AAA ..............................495,957 ALL BAND
YT5W (YU1AU).....................634,382 *MM1E (MMØGOR)..............412,056 HG7T (HA7TM) ................10,456,812 *EA2BF .................................259,992
LZ5R (LZ1JZ)........................486,150 IQ1RY (I1BEP) ...................9,670,920 *EW4FG................................208,534 *RG5A ...............................1,797,152
*YO2IS .................................384,983 *UT5EPP ...........................1,737,580
E7TT (E73RO).......................321,636 ED1R (EA1AR) ...................9,616,320 *DL1XG ................................204,792
EA7ZY ...................................225,929 IQ9UI (IW9GTD) ................8,565,960 *OO7R (ON6OM) ..................179,424 *GM1C (GM1BSG).............1,661,060
7 MHz *SP9H ...............................1,638,756
IK4UQA .................................191,750 *S56A ................................2,384,000 HG1S (HA1TJ) ...................7,980,651 *IU4DTV ...............................137,340
9A5D (9A3AW) ..................7,841,658 *DJ8OG .............................1,468,848
*YU1AST (YT2T) ...............1,763,580 *RT7N................................1,421,892
21 MHz *IK3TPP.............................1,714,620 IQ6AN (IK6VXO) ................7,331,345 21 MHz
DP7D (DL1REM)................6,451,032 *US6CQ .............................1,347,104
9A7Ø5Y (9A3NM) ..............3,131,700 *YO4NF..............................1,325,870 *OE5TKM................................54,234
OK1KSL (OK1AHJ).............5,203,088 *DL3SYA ...........................1,202,080
R7AB .................................2,095,444 *OK2RU.............................1,070,080 *ON4CT .............................1,196,419
EA1BD ...............................1,970,318 14 MHz
MULTI-OPERATOR *UX3IW .............................1,189,058
HA8JV................................1,710,044 3.5 MHz *IK8LXI.................................118,080
DL3BQA .............................1,685,864 *OK2SAR..............................563,580 SINGLE TRANSMITTER (LOW) *RK3SWS .................................7,526 28 MHz
*OM3ZWA ............................560,142 *MØA (G8APB)..................2,844,486
*ER1OO ................................141,940
*OK2HBR..............................552,636 *DQ4W (DK7MCX) ............2,591,057 7 MHz
14 MHz *IKØPEA .................................43,419
*E77AW................................532,770 *UZØA ...............................2,358,895 *9A3DZH ..............................108,416
TM6M (F4DXW).................3,024,060 *OK2CLW ...............................30,591
*OK4K (OK1BOA) .................503,972 *9A7T (9A2EU)..................2,292,968 *IU2CIQ ..................................22,940
DM1A (DL1IAO).................2,153,088 *EA3NO ..................................22,932
*DFØBLM (DH7TS)............1,918,752
GM3W (GM3SEK)..............2,119,355 *DL1RPR..................................1,944
*LY16W (LY1FW)..............1,906,868 3.5 MHz
IZ4NIC ...............................2,053,930 QRP
*RK3PWR..........................1,778,894 *YU4OIZ ...............................122,450
S57DX ...............................2,014,110 ALL BAND 21 MHz
*IQ2CU (I2XLF) .................1,756,530
TM3T (F5VBT) ...................1,594,104 *IW9FDD ..............................498,510
7 MHz *ED3D (EA3AYQ)...............1,497,678
RX1CQ ...............................1,066,456 TRIBANDER/SINGLE ELEMENT *YT9VM................................434,826
YU7U .................................3,659,712 *DN2MR ............................1,064,385
IZ8JFL/1 (IZ8JFL/1) ...........1,008,900 HIGH POWER *R5ACQ ................................245,032
SN2M.................................3,504,988 OK2FD...................................866,096 ALL BAND *IK7XNF................................128,316
MULTI-OPERATOR
R7CD .................................2,176,356 YO8RAA................................692,184 GWØA ................................3,014,787 *EA7IA....................................81,725
TWO TRANSMITTER
EU4E ..................................1,533,072 DO1FCB ................................472,976 DM5TI................................2,632,200
LX7I .................................13,356,595
RA6GW ..............................1,499,616 EA1GT...................................336,555 DL6NDW............................2,623,752 14 MHz
LZ7A ..................................9,772,958
OH2LZI .................................320,212 M3I (GØORH) ....................2,233,808 *M9K (MØSIY) ..................1,533,872
SZ1A ..................................9,621,045
3.5 MHz DL8TG...................................291,018 GM8SBH (GMØFGI) ...........1,947,954 *YT2AAA ..............................495,957
S52X ..................................2,138,240 9A5K ..................................8,150,652
US5ZCW ...............................253,650 YT2U..................................1,894,680 *SBØA (SMØLPO) ................399,438
I4AVG ................................1,530,272 DKØWRTC .........................7,704,792
EA5EJ ................................1,598,400 *YO2IS .................................384,983
SQ2RGB.............................1,220,002 ED2C..................................4,937,670
28 MHz 9A2NO ...............................1,566,765 *R3LC...................................231,460
IZØKBR ..............................1,131,792 ON6NL ...............................4,487,200
RT4W......................................55,488 DK5MB ..............................1,522,584
OK2SFP .............................1,028,600 LN5O..................................2,519,722
R7NA ......................................13,464 RM3DA ..............................1,356,878 7 MHz
EI7M ..................................2,406,552
IZ3NVR .....................................8,874 *YU1AST (YT2T) ...............1,763,580
LOW POWER RT4D.....................................954,600
LA1DSA ....................................1,232 28 MHz *IK3TPP.............................1,714,620
ALL BAND IZ2JNN......................................1,100 IEA5FID...................................61,476 *OK2RU.............................1,070,080
*EF2Y (EA2RY)..................3,882,669 MULTI-OPERATOR *S51DX ................................946,308
DL3HAH..................................23,316
*YO9HP .............................2,998,245 21 MHz MULTI-TRANSMITTER *Z39A ...................................734,296
UT2AB ......................................2,378
*UR6EA .............................2,494,915 IK5RUN.................................267,540 9A1A ................................26,470,904
*UT8EL ..............................1,929,080 TM9K (F5BEG) ......................112,515 DR5N ...............................13,239,565
*RG5A ...............................1,797,152 HA3HX ....................................80,444 DG1VL ...............................9,627,900 21 MHz 3.5 MHz
*UT5EPP ...........................1,737,580 SP4LVK ..................................72,329 YL4U..................................8,551,391 UA3RF................................1,349,842 *SP9BNM .............................493,728
*R7MM..............................1,732,228 OE5TKM..................................54,234 OH5C .................................7,192,277 UA6LJB.................................664,384 *LA/DL7URH (DL7URH).......413,920
*UX1UX .............................1,725,920 YT9A .....................................707,126 UR5FBM ...............................444,056 *UR7CB ................................114,240
*UC6A ...............................1,725,268 14 MHz OK1RPL ..................................99,541 IK2QIN ....................................89,088 *IW4EGX ..............................102,900
*GM1C (GM1BSG).............1,661,060 SBØA (SMØLPO) ..................399,438 *DK6SP ..................................95,904
YL3DJ ...................................163,170 ROOKIE 14 MHz
28 MHz HG6C (HA6IAM)....................123,432 HIGH POWER GM3W (GM3SEK)..............2,119,355
*IØUZF..................................321,714 ALL BAND IW3QRM ............................1,110,796 *Low Power
SQ6PNP..................................71,154
*F6CQU.................................235,712 UT2IV......................................42,534 ER5LL ...................................767,142 USØMS .................................481,032

Multi-Single High Power (58)
Multi-Single High Power was very
close in the first two places with OL7M
(OK1CID, OK1DF, OK1MU, OK1NOR,
OK1XUB, OK2ZAW, OK3KW, OK8XX)
prevailing over HG7T (HA7TM, HA9PP,
HG5DX, HA8LLK). Both broke the prior
Europe record. WW4LL (WW4LL,
W4DXX, K1ZZI) set a new North
America record for 9th place worldwide.
Multi-Two (20)
LX7I (LX2A, DF7ZS, DL6ZBN,
DK5ON, DF8XC, DG3FK) won Multi-
Two and K9CT (K9NR, AI9T, K9WX,
N9CK, K9CT, K3WA) took second
worldwide.
Multi-Multi (10)
9A1A (9A5W, 9A9A, 9A2DQ, 9A6A,
9A7R, 9A7C, 9A5DDT, 9A7MIM,
9A7CDZ, 9A5AEV, 9A5CPP, 9A5CMM,
9A5CKM, 9A5CPL) impressively set a
new world record as this team has been
dominating Europe for the past five
years. Second place RWØA (RAØAM,
RWØAR, RZØAT, RZØAI, RGØA,
RVØAR, RAØANR, RAØASG, RUØA,
RUØAM, RAØALB, RØACG, RAØAAC,
RKØA, UAØ1Ø3112) set a new Asia
record. The NR4M “Goat Farm Gang”
(NR4M, W3TB, NR4C, K7SV, N7TY,
K4EC, K4GM, K4MIL, W4IM, KK4RTF,
N4DXS, W1IE, N3ZV, KS4Q) was third
as they continue their five-year domina-
tion of North America.
Club Competition
World
The Bavarian Contest Club once
again led the field in the world club com-
petition with 99.4 million points from
their 93 entries. The Italian Contest
Club took second with 68 entries, fol-
lowed by the Ukrainian Contest Club
with 32 logs and the Croatian Contest
Club with 17 logs.
North America
The Northern California Contest Club
was 5th worldwide, winning the North
America club competition with 48
entries. The club made a push this year
to get members on the air, including
those new to RTTY contesting. Next
were Society of Midwest Contesters,
Frankford Radio Club, and Yankee
Clipper Contest Club.
Closing
The complete results listing of all re-
ceived logs (“Line Scores”) can be
found on page 96 to 109 in this issue
and at <http://bit.ly/1OWBBYR>. In
addition, a searchable database of the

results from every CQ WPX RTTY Contest is available at Sponsoring a plaque is an opportunity to give back and
<http://www.cqwpxrtty.com/score_db.htm>. show appreciation for the contest. You can choose an un-
Log Check Reports (LCRs) suggest ideas to improve oper- sponsored plaque in any category, whether listed or
ating accuracy. This valuable information is available upon not at <http://www.cqwpxrtty.com/plaques.htm>. Contact
request to <w0yk@cqwpxrtty.com>. You can compare your <w0yk@cqwpxrtty.com> to sign up. Thanks to Ray, ND8L,
log check statistics with the averages across all logs in this for managing the fabrication and mailing of plaques.
contest: A number volunteers work tirelessly in the background to
bring contests to us. Ken, K1EA, and Randy, K5ZD, contin-
1.0% incorrect received callsign ue to improve and support the log checking and website soft-
1.8% incorrect serial number received ware. K5TR and N5KO quietly manage the IT infrastructure
1.4% NIL (Not In Log) behind the log submittal robots, log storage, and log check-
4.2% total error rate (with penalties and lost mults, score ing software. The WWROF (WorldWide Radio Operators
reduction is higher) Foundation) provides financial support for the IT services
7.8% score reduction required, among other support for contesting in general, as
well as postage for paper certificates. All of us can help with
Achieving a zero error rate may mean that too much time our donations to WWROF, so please consider this way to
is being spent on accuracy. Speed and accuracy are a trade- give back to the radiosport.
off for optimal communication. The 23rd CQ WPX RTTY Contest will be held on 11-12
Certificates are now available online for download and print- February 2017. I look forward to seeing everyone again
ing locally. The link for your certificate is on the far right of then!
your score listing in the Scores Database at <http://
www.cqwpxrtty.com/scoresry.htm>. (Scores on page 96)
2016 CQWW WPX RTTY CLUB SCORES
United States Club # Entrants Score

Club # Entrants Score LATVIAN CONTEST CLUB .................................................7 ...........13,196,640
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTEST CLUB ...................48 ...........35,334,996 CONTEST CLUB FINLAND ...............................................11 .............8,909,140
SOCIETY OF MIDWEST CONTESTERS..........................40 ...........27,551,494 CONTEST CLUB SERBIA .................................................13 .............8,062,779
FRANKFORD RADIO CLUB..............................................20 ...........26,326,036 ARAUCARIA DX GROUP ..................................................12 .............7,848,323
YANKEE CLIPPER CONTEST CLUB ...............................31 ...........20,484,865 LA CONTEST CLUB ............................................................5 .............7,572,222
POTOMAC VALLEY RADIO CLUB ...................................41 ...........14,491,226 KRIVBASS ...........................................................................5 .............7,121,758
TENNESSEE CONTEST GROUP .......................................9 .............9,289,547 ORCA DX AND CONTEST CLUB .....................................10 .............6,849,552
DFW CONTEST GROUP...................................................12 .............7,974,144 CONTEST GROUP DU QUEBEC .......................................8 .............6,306,636
ARIZONA OUTLAWS CONTEST CLUB............................25 .............6,995,118 YB LAND DX CLUB ...........................................................28 .............6,003,083
CTRI CONTEST GROUP ....................................................4 .............6,506,711 SLOVENIA CONTEST CLUB ..............................................8 .............5,744,162
GRAND MESA CONTESTERS OF COLORADO................6 .............6,129,069 SOUTH URAL CONTEST CLUB .........................................5 .............5,561,358
SKYVIEW RADIO SOCIETY................................................5 .............6,040,036 DL-DX RTTY CONTEST GROUP........................................9 .............4,568,939
FLORIDA CONTEST GROUP .............................................6 .............5,711,475 LU CONTEST GROUP ......................................................15 .............4,128,130
KANSAS CITY CONTEST CLUB.........................................3 .............5,282,916 BRITISH AMATEUR RADIO TELEDATA GROUP ..............5 .............3,995,397
MAD RIVER RADIO CLUB ..................................................6 .............5,025,981 BAHRAIN CONTEST TEAM ................................................5 .............3,402,259
MINNESOTA WIRELESS ASSN .......................................26 .............4,828,858 VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY RADIO CLUB............5 .............3,369,459
WILLAMETTE VALLEY DX CLUB .....................................11 .............4,455,018 SP DX CLUB......................................................................18 .............3,361,510
ALABAMA CONTEST GROUP............................................6 .............3,308,665 RIIHIMAEN KOLMOSET......................................................4 .............3,300,824
NIAGARA FRONTIER RADIOSPORT.................................4 .............3,046,152 KAUNAS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
WESTERN WASHINGTON DX CLUB.................................8 .............2,743,542 RADIO CLUB ...................................................................8 .............3,284,624
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTEST CLUB....................12 .............2,273,277 CE CONTEST GROUP........................................................4 .............3,283,553
NORTH TEXAS CONTEST CLUB.......................................3 .............1,887,729 DONBASS CONTEST CLUB...............................................6 .............3,209,830
KENTUCKY CONTEST GROUP .........................................9 .............1,861,494 RTTY CONTESTERS OF JAPAN......................................13 .............3,054,667
ORDER OF BOILED OWLS OF NEW YORK......................6 .............1,718,260 VRHNIKA CONTESTERS....................................................3 .............2,998,598
SOUTH EAST CONTEST CLUB .........................................3 .............1,538,370 RADIOSPORT MANITOBA..................................................5 .............2,664,887
TEXAS DX SOCIETY...........................................................3 .............1,325,426 BELARUS CONTEST CLUB................................................7 .............2,604,833
CAROLINA DX ASSOCIATION ...........................................5 .............1,220,843 ALRS ST PETERSBURG ....................................................3 .............2,413,498
BRISTOL (TN/VA) ARC .......................................................4 .............1,121,695 YO DX CLUB .......................................................................6 .............2,307,571
METRO DX CLUB................................................................4 .............1,120,720 DANISH DX GROUP ...........................................................7 .............2,135,034
SPOKANE DX ASSOCIATION ............................................6 .............1,092,723 RIO DX GROUP...................................................................7 .............2,039,512
CENTRAL TEXAS DX AND CONTEST CLUB ....................7 .............1,002,201 RUSSIAN CONTEST CLUB ................................................6 .............1,974,351
SWAMP FOX CONTEST GROUP.......................................6 ................996,793 URAL CONTEST GROUP ...................................................5 .............1,955,178
NORTH COAST CONTESTERS .........................................4 ................931,366 ARCK ...................................................................................4 .............1,864,349
NORTHEAST WISCONSIN DX ASSN ................................4 ................914,285 BLACK SEA CONTEST CLUB ............................................7 .............1,780,842
HILLTOP TRANSMITTING ASSN .......................................5 ................821,579 THRACIAN ROSE CLUB .....................................................8 .............1,776,865
BERGEN ARA......................................................................3 ................664,624 CATALONIA CONTEST CLUB ............................................3 .............1,577,355
SHENANDOAH VALLEY WIRELESS..................................6 ................584,430 599 CONTEST CLUB ..........................................................6 .............1,342,782
UTAH DX ASSOCIATION....................................................3 ................581,934 SK6AW HISINGENS RADIOKLUBB....................................3 .............1,272,464
BIG SKY CONTESTERS .....................................................4 ................541,020 VK CONTEST CLUB............................................................4 ................995,315
MERIDEN ARC ....................................................................3 ................437,407 VU CONTEST GROUP........................................................5 ................908,181
NORTH CAROLINA DX AND CONTEST CLUB..................3 ................341,044 GRIMSBY AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY.............................4 ................862,816
CHILTERN DX CLUB...........................................................5 ................743,851
DX NOVOKUZNETSK RADIO CLUB ........................................3 ................703,108
BAVARIAN CONTEST CLUB ............................................93 ...........99,372,131 BARIVM DX TEAM ..............................................................3 ................700,570
ITALIAN CONTEST CLUB.................................................68 ...........60,230,675 RUSSIAN CW CLUB............................................................4 ................595,057
UKRAINIAN CONTEST CLUB...........................................32 ...........42,630,121 SPEKTR...............................................................................3 ................570,132
CROATIAN CONTEST CLUB............................................17 ...........36,733,446 NORDX CLUB......................................................................5 ................460,995
RHEIN RUHR DX ASSOCIATION .....................................49 ...........27,759,439 EUROPEAN PSK CLUB ......................................................5 ................403,811
EA CONTEST CLUB..........................................................30 ...........27,184,139 CDR GROUP .......................................................................5 ................336,318
HA-DX-CLUB .......................................................................5 ...........19,518,767 CONTEST CLUB HARZ HEIDE...........................................3 ................238,235
CONTEST CLUB ONTARIO ..............................................20 ...........15,729,843 RU-QRP CLUB ....................................................................5 ................139,772

$QQRXQFLQJ
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#1
magazine is pleased to announce its 2016 Hall Wes Schum, W9DYV (SK) – Co-founder of Central Elec-
of Fame inductees, including a group induc- tronics, developed first commercially manufacutered ama-
tion to the CQ DX Hall of Fame, two new teur radio SSB transmitter
inductees to the CQ Contest Hall of Fame and 21 new mem- Garry Shandling, ex-KQ6KA/KD6OY (SK) ± Well-known
bers of the CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame. comedian, actor, writer, and television personality
Mason Southwirth, ex-W1VLH (SK) – Head of ARRL
The CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame honors those indi- International Geophysical Year (IGY) Propagation Research
viduals, whether licensed hams or not, who have made signif- Project in 1957-58; conducted additional propagation
icant contributions to amateur radio; and those amateurs who research at Stanford University
have made significant contributions either to amateur radio, to Boris Stepanov, RU3AX (ex-UW3AX) – Leading Russian
their professional careers, or to some other aspect of life on amateur, deputy editor of Russian Radio magazine; pioneer
our planet. The 2016 inductees (listed alphabetically) are: of computerized contest logging and log-checking; devel-
oped prototype for World Radiosport Team Championships
Bob Arnold, N2JEU (SK) – Co-developer (with Keith (WRTC); first to propose “glass cockpit” for ham transceiv-
Lamonica, W7DXX, see below) of the first internet-controlled er, combining frequency readout and spectrum scope on
remote base front panel display
Grant Bingeman, KM5RG (SK) ± Developed “method of Rufus Turner, W3LF (SK) ± Believed to be the first African-
moments” antenna modeling software for AM broadcast sta- American radio amateur in the U.S.; helped develop 1N34A
tions and 160-meter amateur antennas diode; wrote 1949 article in Radio-Electronics magazine on
Bob Carpenter, W3OTC (SK) – Pioneer of meteor scat- how to “Build a Transistor”
ter and FM stereo broadcast technology; longtime AMSAT Perry Williams, W1UED (SK) ± Longtime ARRL Wash-
volunteer ington Coordinator and League archivist; convinced Con-
David Dary, W5ZAX – Journalist, author, journalism edu- gress to approve vanity callsign program and not to impose
cator – former correspondent for CBS and NBC News, jour- a license application fee on amateurs; persuaded FCC to
nalism professor at University of Kansas and University of retain large amateur microwave allocations and to create pri-
Oklahoma, author of over 20 books on the American West mary amateur allocation at 2.4 GHz
Matt Ettus, N2MJI – Software defined radio pioneer; devel-
oped first Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) with CQ DX and Contest and Halls of Fame
GNU radio software support The CQ DX and Contest Halls of Fame honor those ama-
Terry Fox, N4TLF – Packet radio pioneer; primary devel- teurs who not only excel in personal performance in these
oper of AX.25 amateur packet protocol major areas of amateur radio but who also “give back” to the
Elmer “Bud” Frohardt, Jr., W9DY (SK) ± The original hobby in outstanding ways.
“Elmer” for whom ham radio mentors are named (courtesy This year, we induct not only two amateurs, but an entire
of a 1971 QST ³How’s DX?” column by Rod Newkirk, ship’s crew to the CQ DX Hall of Fame. The 2016 inductees
W9BRD/VA3ZBB) are:
Fred Gissoni, K4JLX (SK) – Adaptive technology pioneer;
co-developer of the Porta-Braille and Pocket-Braille note- Nigel Jolly, KC3HAE, and the Crew of the RV Braveheart
taking devices for the visually impaired, as well as many other ± Read the story of virtually any major DXpedition to sub-
devices Antarctic islands in the past 15 years and the chances are
Ken Kellerman, K2AOE – Radioastronomer; pioneer of excellent that the team’s transportation was provided by the
radio interferometry; co-developer of very long baseline inter- RV (Research Vessel) Braveheart (Photo A) and its owner,
ferometry (VLBI), which permits multiple telescopes to func- Nigel Jolly, newly licensed as KC3HAE, (Photo B). Jolly, who
tion as a single instrument recently earned his U.S. General Class license, is responsi-
Keith Lamonica, W7DXX – Co-developer (with the late Bob ble not only for getting operators safely to and from their
Arnold, N2JEU) of the first internet-controlled remote base extremely remote destinations but for assuring their safety
George Mitchell, K6ZE (SK) – Member of the Tuskegee while there, particularly in the face of fast-developing weath-
Airmen in World War II and 2007 recipient of the Con- er extremes. It is safe to say that without Nigel Jolly, his crew,
gressional Gold Medal for his wartime service and the Braveheart, many of the biggest DXpeditions of the
Les Mitchell, G3BHK (SK) – Founder of Jamboree on the past 15 years simply would not have taken place.
Air (JOTA), annual event to introduce amateur radio to scouts
and guides around the world Roger Balister, G3KMA ± It seems there are award pro-
William Moerner, WN6I – Co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel grams today for just about anything and everything one can
Prize in chemistry for his work in high-resolution microscopy put “on the air,” from national parks and summits to castles
Leigh Orf, KG4ULP – Co-developer of tornado simulator and zoos. And it all goes back to islands — the Islands on
using computer modeling to simulate conditions under which the Air (IOTA) program created by DX Hall of Famer Geoff
tornadoes form Watts for the Radio Society of Great Britain and administered
Joe Rudi, NK7U – Former Major League baseball player; since 1985 by Roger Balister, G3KMA (Photo C). Under his
3-time All-Star leadership, the IOTA program has blossomed into one of the

Photo A. The owner and crew of the RV Braveheart are
among the 2016 inductees to the CQ DX Hall of Fame.
(Photo courtesy VP8SGI team)
most popular award programs in amateur radio, growing from

a few hundred early participants to more than 10,000 today.
Earlier this year, RSGB turned over administration of the pro-
gram to a new independent organization, but Roger remains
at the helm, with a new title of IOTA Managing Director.
Roger is a very accomplished DXer in his own right, with Photo B. Braveheart owner Nigel Jolly, KC3HAE (left), was
378 confirmed DX entities (#3 in the UK on the DXCC Honor a surprise guest at the Dayton Hamvention, where he was
Roll), the highest UK score in the DXCC Challenge and the inducted into the CQ DX Hall of Fame by fellow Hall of Famer
#4/World position on the IOTA Honor Roll, with more than Bob Allphin, K4UEE (right). CQ Editor Rich Moseson, W2VU,
1,100 islands confirmed. is the man in the middle. (Photo by Jeff Jolie, NM1Y)

The 2016 inductees to the CQ Contest Hall of Fame are: Photo C. 2016 CQ DX
Tod Olson, KØTO – Tod (Photo D) is the founding editor Hall of Fame inductee
of the National Contest Journal and has been a contester Roger Balister,
since he was first licensed as WNØIYP in the early 1950s. G3KMA, has been
He has been promoting contesting and mentoring newcom- responsible for the
ers for nearly as long, and has served the amateur radio com- management and
munity as an ARRL Section Manager, Vice Director, Division growth of the Islands
Director, and International Affairs Vice President, a position on the Air (IOTA)
in which he represented the interests of amateur radio on an program for the past
international level. He did all this while maintaining a profes- three decades. (Photo
sional career as a chemist and physicist at General Mills, courtesy of G3KMA)
where, among other things, he developed methods of keep-
ing cake mixes fresh on store shelves for months at a time.
Richard Strand, KL7RA (SK) – If you’ve ever worked
Alaska in a contest, there’s a good chance that KL7RA is in
your logbook. A radio astronomer taking advantage of the
quiet of the northern latitudes for his research, Rich Strand
built and maintained highly competitive contest stations in a
very difficult environment and was, for many hams, their first
(or only) CQ Zone 1 contact. Rich also recruited and men-
tored new hams across Alaska and made friends all over the
world, as evidenced by the multiple nominations we received
after his untimely passing late last year. Strand’s widow, Jyl,
and son, Jeff, accepted the plaque on his behalf (Photo E).
Formal inductions to the CQ Contest and DX Halls of Fame
were conducted in conjunction with the Dayton Hamvention®
in May. Contest Hall of Fame presentations were made at
the Dayton Contest Dinner by CQ World Wide DX Contest
Director Randy Thompson, K5ZD; DX Hall of Fame induc-
tions were conducted at the Dayton DX Dinner on our behalf
(and with our thanks) by noted DXer and CQ DX Hall of Fame
member Bob Allphin, K4UEE.
Our thanks to all and congratulations to the inductees!
Photo D. CQWW DX Contest Director Randy Thompson,

K5ZD, presents CQ Contest Hall of Fame plaque to Tod Olson,
K0TO, at the Contest Dinner in Dayton, Ohio. (Photo by N6TV)
Photo E. Randy Thompson, K5ZD, presents Contest Hall of

Fame plaque for Richard Strand, KL7RA (SK), to his son Jeff,
and widow, Jyl, at the Dayton Contest Dinner. (N6TV Photo)

KZ1G concludes his series on programming and using microcontrollers
in the ham shack with some tips on letting a computer do your math for
you, and on checking/debugging your finished code.
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I2C Interface Links Math Chip and MCU
BY JONATHAN A. TITUS,* KZ1G
his article1 continues the Micromega uM-FPU V3.1 float- chose the I2C bus created and standardized by Philips
T ing-point math-IC discussion, explains how to connect

the FPU IC to an MCU (microcontroller) and use it, and
provides testing and troubleshooting tips. When you need
Semiconductors, now part of NXP. You can find many micro-
controllers, sensors, analog-to-digital converters, memories,
and clocks that operate with I2C interfaces. Unlike SPI con-
math that involves trigonometric functions, logarithms, multi- nections, the I2C bus lets software easily address individual
plication, and division of large and small numbers, the add-on ICs and their registers. The FPU IC, for example, has a fixed
FPU V3.1 IC can seem like a miracle. That goes double if you address of 1100100X2. A 0 in the X-bit identifies a write to a
need matrix or fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations. slave device from an MCU, and a 1 in that position requests
The uM-FPU V3.1 math IC, which I’ll call the “FPU IC,” data from a slave2.
allows connection to an MCU via a Serial-Peripheral MCU software libraries and programming tools usually
Interface (SPI) or an Inter-Integrated-Circuit bus (I2C). I include I2C-bus functions and example code. The Propeller
Object Exchange (OBEX) lists many programs that imple-
* 14253 S. Trailview Way ment I2C ports in various ways. Figure 1 shows the con-
Herriman, UT 84096-8029 nections that create an I2C connection between a Propeller
email: jontitus@comcast.net MCU and an FPU IC. In this circuit, a third signal connects
Photo A. Installing the uM-FPU V3.1 IC in a small breadboard makes it easy to connect to an MCU board such as the
Parallax Propeller P8X32A.

On the Cover... Figure 1. This diagram shows a circuit that connects a uM-FPU V3.1 IC to a
Propeller MCU. Other MCUs would use a similar circuit. This circuit does not use
Tom Schwinn, W4NBS, of Trinity, two digital output pins (OUT0 and OUT1) or two inputs (AN0 and AN1) to a
Alabama is proof that you don¶t need 12-bit analog-to-digital converter. The FPU IC also furnishes 32-bit timers and a
big power and big antennas to work 32-bit counter.
big-time DX. But using CW does help,
along with patience and persistence. to the math IC’s master-clear (/MCLR) input to force a clear, if necessary. If you
With 100 watts from his Yaesu FT- don’t need it, connect the /MCLR pin (pin 1) to +3.3 volts through a 1,000-ohm
1000 Mk. V to an 80-meter dipole fed resistor. Of course, the FPU IC needs power and ground, as well. I used a small
with ladder line, Tom has 299 con- breadboard for the FPU IC and three pull-up resistors (Photo A).
firmed countries ² all on CW ² 8- Now let’s see what we can do with the circuit. The FPU IC provides 128 float-
band DXCC and 8-band Worked All ing-point registers that we identify by number; 0 through 127. Avoid using Register
States (WAS), along with DXCC and 0 because many instructions automatically use it for temporary storage.
WAS on RTTY and WAS on JT65. Instructions also identify and use a register called “Register A,” or the active reg-
Plus, he was able to work the recent ister. Only one register at a time may serve as the A register and during calcula-
DXpeditions to Heard Island and Juan tions, the identification of the A register will change as shown here:
de Nova Island, ³with considerable
patience.´ SELECTA, 27 ;Register 27 becomes the active register
Tom¶s interest in radio goes back to FWRITEA, $00, $10, $4F, $6A ;Put this FP value in Reg A (Reg 27)
his youth, when he took out a Walter SELECTA, 20 ;Register 20 now becomes the active register
Tompkins book from the library while FWRITEA, $71, $33, $10, $F2 ;Put this FP value in Reg A (Reg 20)
he was in seventh grade. That FDIV, 27 ;Divide value in Reg A by the value in Reg 27
spurred his interest and his dad ; and leave the result in Reg A (Reg 20)
helped find a local ham who mentored
him and gave him his Novice exam Don’t worry about how to keep track of the A register in your programs. As you’ll
back in 1968. Tom says life got in the see shortly, Micromega’s software does that for you. The FPU_I2C_Driver.spin
way and his original license expired, program you’ll use shortly lists FPU IC commands and 20 objects that transfer
but he got relicensed in 1987, and has information to and from the IC. The following objects transfer a command followed
kept his license current ever since. He by one, two, three, or four bytes of data such as a register number or a floating-
is a member of the ARRL and the point value:
Alabama Contest Group.
No relation to the bicycle people, WriteCmdByte (command, byte)
Tom spent most of his adult life at sea WriteCmd2Bytes (command, byte1, byte2)
as a merchant seaman for the Military WriteCmd3Bytes (command, byte1, byte2, byte3)
Sealift Command, a fleet of ships WriteCmd4Bytes (command, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4)
owned by the U.S. Navy but crewed by In “pseudo code,” the statement FWRITEA, $71, $33, $10, $F2 would get sent
civilians. Unfortunately, his duties as a by the following:
deck officer precluded much hamming
while at sea (in those instances when WriteCmd4Bytes(FWRITEA, $71, $33, $10, $F2)
it was permitted), but he has been quite
active on the air since retiring. Based Write Some Math Code
on his DXing statistics, we would def-
initely agree! (Cover photo by Larry To work with an FPU IC, I recommend you first create a new workspace folder
Mulvehill, WB2ZPI) for FPU code. Then download the folder: Simple_FPU_I2C_Demo.zip (check the
highlights page for this issue on the CQ website – www.cq-amateur-radio.com –

for a link). Uncompress the files into your FPU workspace. I also recommend you
download a copy of the Micromega uM-FPU V3.1 “Instruction Set” PDF file and
keep it open on your PC3. You can use it to learn more about the FPU IC’s instruc-
tions and what they do. You also need the Micromega “uM-FPU V3 Integrated
Development Environment (IDE),” which you can download for free from the com-
pany’s website. Install and run it.
Let’s look at a practical yet simple math example. We calculate the frequency
(f, in Hertz) for an LC filter given values for inductance (L, in Henrys) and capac-
itance (C, in Farads) with this equation:
1
ƒ쏁
2앟 x 았 LC
A programmer would express this equation in a high-level language as:
f = 1 / (2 * 3.14159 * SQRT(L * C))
A computer would multiply L and C and then take the square root of the result.
Next it would multiply that value by P and multiply the result by 2. Finally, it would
divide the denominator into the numerator (1) to yield an answer. The Micromega
FPU IDE software will translate our pseudo-code into instructions an FPU IC under-
stands, and it handles such details as register names, the A register’s use, the
value of pi, and the conversion of decimal values to floating-point format. Photo
B shows the tool’s editing window with the LC-filter equation and values for the
inductance and capacitance.
The Micromega IDE software creates cut-and-paste code for several MCUs, but
the Propeller isn’t one of them. It still can do most of the compiling work, though.
After you key in the six statements shown in Photo B, select the Arduino as the
Target and click the Compile button. The listing below shows the compiler output
with the information we need for the LC-circuit calculations.
// InductanceH equ F10
// CapacitanceC equ F11
// Frequency equ F12
// InductanceH = 127E-9
Fpu.write(SELECTA, InductanceH);
Fpu.write(FWRITEA, 0x34, 0x08, 0x5D, 0x7F);
// CapacitanceC = 1200E-12
Fpu.write(SELECTA, CapacitanceC);
Fpu.write(FWRITEA, 0x30, 0xA4, 0xED, 0x3F);
Fpu.write(SELECTA, Frequency, FSETI, 1, LEFT);
Fpu.write(FWRITEA, 0x40, 0xC9, 0x0F, 0xDB, LEFT);
Fpu.write(FSET, InductanceH, FMUL, CapacitanceC, SQRT, RIGHT);
Fpu.write(FMUL0, RIGHT, FDIV0);
All of the highlighted statements send commands and data to the FPU IC. This
is the information we want. The code snippets below show the equivalent Spin-
language instructions and related parts of the Simple_FPU_I2C_Demo.spin code.
This example does not list the entire program:
OBJ
‘Identify source of FPU objects
FPU : “FPU_I2C_Driver”
...
CON
‘FPU Register definitions
InductanceH = 10 ‘Register F10
CapacitanceC = 11 ‘Register F11
Frequency = 12 ‘Register F12
PRI FPU_Demo
...
‘Floating point test of LC-filter calculation of frequency
FPU.WriteCmdByte(FPU#_SELECTA, InductanceH)
FPU.WriteCmd4Bytes(FPU#_FWRITEA, $34, $08, $5D, $7F)
FPU.WriteCmdByte(FPU#_SELECTA, CapacitanceC)

FPU.WriteCmd4Bytes(FPU#_FWRITEA, $30, $A4, $ED, $3F)
FPU.WriteCmdByte(FPU#_SELECTA, Frequency)
FPU.WriteCmdByte(FPU#_FSETI, 1)
FPU.WriteCmd(FPU#_LEFT)
FPU.WriteCmd4Bytes(FPU#_FWRITEA, $40, $C9, $0F, $DB)
FPU.WriteCmd(FPU#_LEFT)
Savings at the FPU.WriteCmdByte(FPU#_FSET, InductanceH)
FPU.WriteCmdByte(FPU#_FMUL, CapacitanceC)
CQ Store FPU.WriteCmd4Bytes(FPU#_SQRT, FPU#_RIGHT, FPU#_FMUL0,
FPU#_RIGHT, FPU#_FDIV0)
฀ PST.str(string(“ “))
PST.str(FPU.ReadRaFloatAsStr(0))
by Walter Maxwell, W2DU
PST.str(string(“ = LC filter frequency.”,CR, LF))
Includes all the information
in Reflections I & II and Except for the FPU#_ prefix, we see an almost one-to-one correspondence with
much, much more! This fully
the commands shown here and those created by the Micromega IDE software.
revised and updated, this
424-page, third edition is The FPU commands used by the FPU_I2C_Driver.spin program all have an under-
truly a must have! line prefix: _COPY, _LOADA, _RADIANS, and so on. Second, the FPU# prefix
indicates the Propeller MCU should go to the driver file, locate the _SELECTA
command in a list, and then use the value assigned to it (hexadecimal 01). So in
8.5 X 11 Paperback $39.95 the FPU_I2C_Driver program you see a list of constants such as:
CD Version $29.95
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ _SELECTA = $01 ‘Select register A
_FWRITE = $16 ‘Write a 32-bit float to Reg[nn]
_FWRITEA = $17 ‘Write a 32-bit float to Reg[A]
_FWRITEX = $18 ‘Write a 32-bit float to Reg[X], X = X + 1
฀ ฀
฀ This list acts like a translation table and gives us the proper hexadecimal code
฀ for each FPU operations. Look in the FPU_I2C_Driver file for all the commands
and their equivalent hex code.
by Sevick, W2FMI
The statement …
This small but solid guide
walks you through the WriteCmd4Bytes(FPU#_FWRITEA, $34, $08, $5D, $7F)
design and installation of inexpensive, yet
effective short HF vertical antennas. With … transmits a command and four bytes that put a floating-point value in the
antenna restrictions becoming a problem, it
could keep you on the air!
active register. The FPU IC needs to receive all four data bytes as a group. But
this type of statement may send any five bytes of any type to the IC. So in the
6 x 9 Paperback $10.00 case of this statement …
FPU.WriteCmd4Bytes(FPU#_SQRT, FPU#_RIGHT, FPU#_FMUL0,

฀ FPU#_RIGHT, FPU#_FDIV0)
by Franz Langner, DJ9ZB
… each byte represents an instruction. You can group instructions this way to
This 384-page DXer’s guide- simplify code. The last three statements in the FPU-test program …
book is the first edition using
color throughout and the first PST.str(string(“ “))
to be entirely in English. PST.str(FPU.ReadRaFloatAsStr(0))
Includes info on well over 300 PST.str(string(“ = LC filter frequency.”,CR, LF))
DX entities.
CD Version $22.95
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀

CN/FN add $25 for 1st item, $10 for 2nd and $5 for each
additional. Buy Both=single item!
CQ The Radio
Amateur's Journal
Phone 516-681-2922 Photo B. The information needed so the Micromega IDE software can compile
FAX 516-681-2926 instructions that perform the math in a uM-FPU V3.1. The IDE eliminates the need
http://store.cq-amateur-radio.com to compile math operations by hand.

… include the command FPU.ReadRaFloatAsStr(0) that causes the FPU IC to
get the calculation result from the A register, convert it to a string of ASCII-encod-
ed characters, and send the characters to the MCU. Then the Spin code displays
them as a value in the PST window. The FPU IC also can convert a string of char-
acters, such as 3.98E3 or 3980, into the equivalent floating-point value. No man-
ual conversion is required. The zero in parentheses at the end of the
ReadRaFloatAsStr(0) command lets you set a specific display format for a dis-
played value. The FPU_I2C_Driver file includes information about these formats.
The LC calculation seems trivial, but if you must calculate satellite positions or
a bearing to a distant station, you will appreciate the many functions, such as sine
and cosine, the FPU IC offers.
If you have a uM-FPU V3.1 IC, save the Simple_FPU_I2C_Demo.spin file with
a different name so you can modify it. Then use the Micromega tool to create
code that finds the area of a right triangle with a base length of 57.93 cm, and
a height of 12.009 cm. Suppose one of the dimensions measured 7.61 inches.
Can you figure out how to use FP math to convert it to centimeters before you
calculate the area? Finally, find the length of the hypotenuse for this triangle.
Debug Code and Hardware

At some point, we must test and debug our code and we want to take the easiest
and least-expensive routes. An LED provides the simplest debug tool as long as
your MCU has an unused output pin to control it. Even without an unused pin, you
might find an output pin connected to another circuit that could temporarily con-
trol an LED. (Assume you have an I/O pin set as an output to control an LED and
that your program starts with the LED off.) When you run into a problem, place
LED_On statements in your code to detect when the MCU reaches a given point.
Say we have code in a program, but it never performs these operations:
if ADC_avg < 15
Ferndoc := Alpha + (Beta_offset + FudgeFactor)
else
Distance := Volt_cm / ((Volts_per_step * ADC_avg) - Xvalu)
Ferndoc := Alpha * Beta_offset
Insert a command to turn on the LED just before the if ADC_avg < 15 statement
to verify the MCU reached this point:
OUTA[16] := LED_On ‘MCU got to this point

if ADC_avg < 15
else
If the LED turns on, you know the code executed the LED_on statement. Then
you can move this statement into the “if” or the “else” parts of the code to see
whether the MCU gets where you want it to go. If not, you can backtrack and look
for what causes the problem earlier in your program. I use one or two LEDs as
my first debugging tool.
Print Intermediate Results

If your MCU has a serial interface (USB or RS232), use print statements that let
you know code execution has reached a certain point. Unlike an LED that turns
on or off, you can put print statements at many points in a program:
pst.str(string(“Begin IF statement #3”))
if ADC_avg < 15
pst.str(string(“At point A”))
else
pst.dec(ADC_avg)
A display of messages can help you understand how a program behaves and
where it goes “off the rails.” The print statements also could include a value. Instead
of removing the print statements, simply use a comment character to “comment
out” these statements. You never know when you might need them again after

Photo C. My Saleae Logic instrument can capture data from as many as eight logic signals. The display on a host PC
makes it easy to see timing relationships and decode serial data, shown here as hex values. This image shows the I2C
serial clock signal (top) and the serial data (bottom). The ACK indicates an acknowledgment to the MCU from the FPU IC.
Photo D. This screen image shows five logic-analyzer traces on a ViewPort screen for a 4-bit binary counter. Vertical cur-
sors let me measure the time between events, calculate frequency, and extract other information from the signals. Other
modes present a set of scope traces, a spectrum analyzer, and mixed-signal measurements.
Pacific Northwest DX Convention Friday, August 5 through Sunday, August 7 at the Monarch
announcements (from page 2) Hotel. Contact: Al Rovner, K7AR, <k7ar@arrl.net>. DXCC card checking.
HAMILTON COUNTY, NEW YORK — The Hamilton County Radio Club will operate spe-
WASHINGTON, MISSOURI — The Zero Beaters Amateur Radio Club will hold its Annual cial event station K2H Friday, August 5 through Monday, August 15 in conjunction with Hamilton
Hamfest Sunday, July 17 at the Washington Elks Hall. Contact Bruce Serbus, KDØKCF, County’s Bicentennial Year Celebration. Frequencies include 7031 on CW. SSK and PSK 31
<kd0kcf@sbcglobal.net>. VE exams. on 75, 40, and 20 meters. Website: <http://www.hamcoarc.org>.
WISCONSIN RAPIDS, WISCONSIN — The Mid-State Repeater Association will air spe- ALL OVER, COLORADO — The Colorado 14er Event will be held Saturday, August 6
cial event station W9W from 1100 to 2359 UTC Wednesday, July 20 through Monday, July 25 through Sunday, August 7 throughout Colorado as radio amateurs try to light up all 1,700
to salute the 50th Anniversary of the Wisconsin State Waterski Tournament. Frequencies include Summits on the Air peaks in the state. Frequencies include 147.42, 446.000, 144.200, 50.125,
21.350, 14.250, 7.250, and 3.850. QSL a SASE to: Mid-State Repeater Association, Attn: W9W 14.060, 14.345, 18.092, 18.158, 21.060, 21.330, 28.060, and 28.350. Website: <http://
Event, P.O. Box 1001, Wisconsin Rapids, WI 54495. www.ham14er.org>.
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA — The Central Oklahoma Radio Amateurs Inc. will hold GROVE CITY, OHIO — The Voice of Aladdin Amateur Radio Club will hold the 2016
Ham Holiday 2016 Friday, July 22 and Saturday, July 23 at the Biltmore Hotel & Convention Columbus, Ohio Hamfest and 2016 ARRL Ohio Section Convention Saturday, August 6 at
Center. Email: <president@hamholiday.org>. Website: <http://hamholiday.org>. Talk-in the Aladdin Shrine Center. Website: <http://www.columbushamfest.com>. Talk-in 146.760- (PL
146.985- (PL 141.3). VE exams and DXCC/WAS card checking. 123). VE exams.
WILLIAMS, ARIZONA — The Amateur Radio Council of Arizona and the City of William TRUMANSBURG, NEW YORK — The Tompkins County Amateur Radio Association will
will hold the ARCA/Williams Hamfest Friday, July 22 through Sunday, July 24 at the Williams hold the Ithaca Hamfest Saturday, August 6 at the Trumansburg Fairgrounds. Email: <ithaca-
Rodeo Grounds. Phone: (602) 881-2722. Website: <http://www.arca-az.org>. Talk-in 146.78- hamfest@gmail.com>. Website: <http://tcara-ny.org>. Talk-in 146.940-, 146.970-, or 449.025-.
(PL 91.5). VE exams, card checking, and special event station. VE exams.
CULLMAN, ALABAMA – The Cullman Amateur Radio Club will hold the Cullman Hamfest BERRYVILLE, VIRGINIA — The Shenandoah Valley Amateur Radio Club Inc. will hold the
Saturday, July 23 at Sacred Heart Church. Website: <http://cullmanarc.com>. Talk-in 145.31- 66th Annual Berryville Hamfest Sunday, August 7 at the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds.
(PL 100) or 444.900+ (PL 100). VE exams. Contact: John, WD4GEK, or Elizabeth, W4EHC, (540) 436-3818 or (540) 333-0837. Email:
UTICA, NEW YORK — The Utica Amateur Radio Club will hold RADIOCOM 2016 Hamfest <berryvillehamfest@gmail.com>. Website: <http://www.shenvalarc.org>. VE exams.
and Computer Fair Sunday, July 24 at the Deerfield Firehouse Grounds. Contact: Bob Decker, CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA — The Cedar Valley Amateur Radio Club will hold Hamfest 2016
AA2CU, (315) 797-6614 or Marty Benedict, W2MVB, (315) 866-5924. Email: Sunday, August 7 at Teamster’s Hall. Contact: Dave Wilson, KØRN, (319) 393-3776. Email:
<tbd2626@yahoo.com> or <w3mbv1@gmail.com>. Talk-in 146.76-. VE exams. <krk9840@msn.com>. Website: <http://w0gq.org>. Talk-in 146.745. VE exams and card
LAC LOUISE, MANIC5, QUEBEC, CANADA — VE2UMS Amateur Radio Club will air spe- checking.
cial event station VC2Q from Monday, July 25 through Monday, August 1 to activate CQ Zone PEOTONE, ILLINOIS — The Hamfesters Radio Club will hold its 82nd Annual Hamfest
2. Bands include 160 through 6 meters including 60 meters with operation on SSB/CW/Digital Sunday, August 7 at the Will County Fairgrounds. Contact: Kurt, WB9FMC, P.O. Box 992, Orland
modes. For more information, check the QRZ “VC2Q” page. Park, IL 60462. Phone: (773) 284-9500. Email: <kurtt@pinrod.com>. Website: <http://www.ham-
ROCHESTER, MINNESOTA — The Northern Lights Radio Society will host the 2016 festers.org>. Talk-in 146.52. VE exams.
Central States VHF Conference Thursday, July 28 through Sunday, July 31 at the Kahler ALBEQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO — The New Mexico Hamvention Inc. will hold the Duke
Apache Hotel and Waterpark. Contact: Donn Baker, WA2VOI, (612) 781-1359. Email: City Hamfest and 2016 ARRL New Mexico State Convention Friday, August 12 through
<wa2voi@arrl.net>. Website: <http://2016.csvhfs.org>. Sunday, August 14 at the Marriott Pyramid Northside Hotel. Website: <http://www.dukecity-
WAYNESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA — The Western Carolina Amateur Radio Society hamfest.org>.
will hold the WCARS Hamfest Saturday, July 30 at the Haywood County Fairgrounds. Contact: ANGOLA, INDIANA — The Land of Lakes Amateur Radio Club will hold the Angola
WCARS, P.O. Box 1488, Asheville, NC 28802. Website: <http://www.wcars.org>. Talk-in Hamfest Saturday, August 13 at the Angola Community Church of the Nazarene. Contact:
147.390+ (PL 94.8) or 146.910- (PL 91.5). VE exams. Sharon Brown, WD9DSP, (260) 475-5897. Email: <landoflakesarc@gmail.com>. Talk-in
147.180+ (PL 131.8).
AUGUST FAIRBANKS, ALASKA — The Arctic Amateur Radio Club will hold the 2016 KL7KC
Hamfest Saturday, August 13 at 3750 Bonita Street. Contact: John Slater, KL1AZ, <ham-
CLACKAMAS, OREGON — The Willamette Valley DX Club will host the 61st Annual fest@hughes.net>. Website: <http://www.kl7kc.com>. VE exams and DXCC card checking.

you make program changes. And don’t Notes
forget to include helpful comments in 1. The previous articles in this series appeared in the following issues of CQ: October 2015,
your code! p. 39; November 2015, p. 26; December 2015, p. 36; January 2016, p. 32; March 2016, p. 32;
and May 2016, p. 28
Serial Signals Meet Logic 2. “I2C-bus specification and user manual,” UM10204, NXP, 2014. <http://www.nxp.com/doc-
Analyzers uments/user_manual/UM10204.pdf>
3. See: <http://www.micromegacorp.com/downloads.html>
Programs that require serial communi-
4. See: <https://www.saleae.com/downloads>
cations often resist simple debug tech-
5. See: <http://onerobot.org/products/viewport/>
niques because we must examine sev-
eral signals simultaneously and then
relate them to each other. For example,
if we have problems with SPI or I2C
communications, we want to look at the
data signal (SDA) and the clock signal
(SCL) simultaneously. And we might
need to look at a string of bits and iden-
tify information in ASCII or hexadecimal
form (Photo C).
In these situations I use a Saleae
“Logic” hardware pod, a predecessor to
the new Saleae Logic-8 that offers eight
inputs for analog or digital signals. The
analyzer’s software lets me compare
timing of signals, measure periods, and
quickly decode data. The display also
shows binary, ASCII, hexadecimal, and
other serial formats. You can download
and test the logic-analyzer software
with simulated information4.
You might also try the OneRobot
ViewPort software that runs on a
Propeller MCU and requires one cog.
This add-in software can display I/O-pin
signal levels and analog signal levels,
trace code, examine memory, and so
on. The company offers a free 30-day
trial. I downloaded and used ViewPort
(ver. 4.89) with one of the accompany-
ing tutorials, which worked well. A con-
figuration page simplifies creating
instructions that display the information
you need. Photo D shows the logic-ana-
lyzer view of a 4-bit counter output along
with the serial information sent from the
MCU to the ViewPort software5. The
ViewPort software also lets you single-
step through code and watch variables
change as you do.
Wrap It Up
I hope you have enjoyed this series of
microcontroller articles. You’ll discover
many uses for them in projects that need
more than discrete logic ICs. MCU ven-
dors sell — or sometimes give away —
development boards that simplify the first
hardware set up and make it easy to try
code examples. The manufacturers also
offer online forums and technical assis-
tance. Plus, people have written exten-
sively about MCU programming and
hardware design in books and magazine
articles. Many independent discussion
groups offer assistance, as well. Good
luck and have fun!

BY IRWIN MATH,* WA2NDM
math’s notes }VÊ>ÌiÃ]Ê ÌÊÕÃÌÊvÀÊ-vÌÜ>Ài
T
here is no doubt that most experimenters are OR gate. If either power supply fails, the other will
familiar with the common TTL1 and CMOS2 instantly take over with no ³glitch´ during the trans-
logic gates available and use them routinely fer. When turned on, the power supply with the
in logic design. But many of these same functions slightest higher voltage will be the one that first
can be obtained with common components (not powers the device and the other one will be cut off
necessarily ICs) and allow many unique applica- since its diode will be reverse-biased. If that sup-
tions that are not specifically logic-oriented. ply fails, the second will instantly be switched in as
For example, Figure 1 is a common OR gate the reverse bias will be removed. When the fault is
made with simple diodes. In this circuit, any input corrected or removed, everything reverts to the
will produce an output (without the need for a logic original condition. Obviously, the diodes must be
power source, by the way). Such a gate can be rated to carry the full current of the load and the
employed where either of two power supplies (at power supply outputs must be the same, but the
the same output voltage) is to be used to power a circuit could not be simpler. By the way, the same
single device. The diagram shows a typical ³fail scheme can be used to allow a backup battery for
safe´ or ³redundant´ power supply using the diode a mobile power supply.
Figure 2 is the common AND gate made with two
transistors. In this case, both inputs must be pre-
*c/o CQ magazine sent to achieve an output. In the circuit, both tran-
Figure 1. Diode OR gate used to make a redundant power supply. Both power supplies must produce
the same output voltage and both diodes must be able to carry the full load current.
Figure 2.
Transistor AND
gate. Both inputs
must be present to
have an output.

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Figure 3. Relay AND gate. Again, there is no output unless both inputs are energized.
sistors are cut off with no input. If just shows the same AND gate, but this time two events must happen in order for a
one of the transistors has enough base- with relays. The relay circuit needs no third event to occur, such as when a
to-emitter voltage present, it will try to logic power supply but does need a volt- power supply has reached a certain
conduct but unless the other transistor age supply equal to the rating of the desired voltage before another circuit is
also has the proper base-to-emitter volt- relays. Note that single-pole relays are energized.
age, it will not conduct and the output shown but double-pole relays could cer- By simply moving the resistor in
will still be zero. This version obviously tainly be used to switch external cir- Figure 2, you can come up with the so-
needs a logic supply voltage. Figure 3 cuitry. This circuit could be used when called NAND gate (NOT AND gate)

฀ ฀ ฀
Here are some of the articles we’re

working on for upcoming issues of CQ:
Results, 2016 CQ WW 160 Meter

Contest
Army MARS at 90 – Part 3
American Morse, Keys From the
Past and Keys You Can Build
The DXCC ³Odd Couple´

A Cheap and Easy BCI Filter
฀ ฀ Figure 4. Transistor NAND (NOT AND) gate. Both inputs must be present to NOT
have an output.
October: Emergency Communications
December: Technology shown in Figure 4 with the relay equiv- common logic functions often can be
February: QRP alent in Figure 5. This configuration is configured with standard parts and
used when both inputs must be present used for applications that are not specif-
Do you have a hobby radio story to to not achieve an output and not enable ically software-oriented. Not only can
tell? Something for one of our spe- a third event. Such a circuit could be semiconductors be used, but common
cials? CQ now covers the entire radio used when a blower is to be turned off electromechanical relays can be em-
hobby. See our writers’ guidelines on when two different pieces of equipment ployed as well.
the CQ website at <http://www.cq- have reached the proper operating tem- – 73, Irwin, WA2NDM
amateurradio.com/cq_writers_guide/ perature. If an input is present to only
cq_writers_guide.html>. one transistor, the output will still be high Notes:
since the Vcc path through the resistor 1. TTL = Transistor-Transistor Logic
is not shunted by the transistors. 2. CMOS = Complementary Metal
The point of all of this is to show that Oxide Semiconductor
Figure 5. Relay NAND gate. Output is cut off only when BOTH relays are energized.

5HDGHU6XUYH\-XO\
We¶d like to know more about you … and especially what¶s important to you in ham radio
and how we at CQ can help serve you better. There are two ways to respond to this survey:
• Respond online at <www.surveymonkey.com/r/CQJul16> [From the digital edition, just
click on the link].
— OR —
• Cut out or photocopy this page
• Circle the numbers that correspond to your answers
• Mail your completed survey to: July Reader Survey, CQ magazine, 17 West John St.,
Hicksville, NY 11801.
We will continue to select one respondent to each survey to receive a free one-year sub-
scription (or extension) to CQ.
IIn May, the ARRL announced an agreement with the national organization of homeown-
ers¶ associations (CAI) on amended language to the Amateur Radio Parity Act that removed
the association¶s objections and hopefully cleared the way for quick passage by Congress
(see this issue¶s News column on page 3). We¶d like to hear how current homeowner asso-
ciation restrictions affect you and how/whether you might benefit from this bill.
1. Do you currently live in a home that is subject to restrictive covenants (CC&Rs)

What You’ve Told Us… or homeowner association rules that limit your ability to install an outdoor amateur
radio antenna?
Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Our December survey asked about No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
your plans for purchasing new ham
gear during the holidays and over the 2. If you answered “yes” to question 1, how do these rules affect your ability to put
course of 2016. In the spirit of the sea- a ham station on the air?
The rules completely prohibit amateur radio operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
son, we started out by asking if you¶d The rules completely prohibit installation of outdoor amateur radio antennas . . . . . . . 4
³been a good little ham this year.´ The rules allow you to request permission to install an antenna, but requests
Seventy percent of the respondents are always denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
said yes; 30% said it depends on who The rules allow you to request permission to install an antenna, and some
you ask, and absolutely no one believed requests have been granted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The rules permit an outdoor antenna as long as it cannot be seen from the street . . . 7
an answer of ³no´ applied to them! Other (please explain). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A majority of respondents (56%)
planned or hoped to get some new gear 3. If you answered “yes” to question 1, how are you currently coping with these
for their ham stations over the holidays, restrictions in order to operate your ham station?
Requested and received association permission to install an antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
while 39% said no and 5% weren¶t sure Have installed a ³stealth´ outdoor antenna and hope nobody notices. . . . . . . . . . . . 10
what Santa might have in his bag for Using an indoor antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
them. On the other hand, 79% said they Operating mobile/portable only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
were not planning to buy any ham gear Using a remote station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Using a club station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
for anyone else for the holidays, while Do not have a station on the air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
a more generous 16% said yes and the Other (please describe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
same 5% weren¶t sure.
Among those planning (or hoping) to 4. If you answered “no” to question 1, are you concerned about possibly having to
deal with antenna restrictions in the future?
get new gear, 27% were looking at sta- Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
tion accessories, followed by HF trans- No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ceivers and antennas (23% each); a Hadn¶t thought about it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
VHF/UHF handheld (20%); ³other´
(also 20%); a VHF/UHF mobile rig or 5. The new language to which the Community Associations Institute agreed replaces
the requirement for “reasonable accommodation” of amateur radio operation with
a radio kit (18% each); test equipment a requirement that amateurs be allowed to install “an effective outdoor antenna.”
(16%); a ham radio book (14%); a new How well do you feel this will accommodate amateurs’ ability to operate from cur-
tower or other antenna support, a rently antenna-restricted neighborhoods?
VHF/UHF antenna or a shortwave It may be better than the original language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
About the same effect as the original language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
receiver (all 9%); a CQ subscription Not as well as the original language, but still a lot better than nothing. . . . . . . . . . . . 22
(7%); a scanner (5%); and a license Not well; the association will still find a way to deny antenna requests . . . . . . . . . . . 23
manual (2%). Will have to wait and see how it works out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Finally, we asked about your ham No opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
radio budget for 2016, and this should Thank you for your responses. We’ll be back with more questions in upcoming issues.
make the industry folks happy: While
33% said they were planning to spend Survey Response for Issue: July 2016
only between $100 and $500 on their
ham hobby this year, 27% planned to
spend between $1,000 and $5,000 Name _____________________________________Call Sign ___________________________
and 25% were budgeting $500 to
Address ______________________________________________________________________
$1000. Only 11% said less than $100
and 4% planned to make major invest- City _______________________________St/Prov ___________Zip/PC___________________
ments of more than $5000.
This month¶s winner of a free sub- Country ______________________________________________________________________
scription to CQ is Dennis Wilson, E-mail ________________________________________________________________________
KJ4NIV, of Dalton, Georgia.

the listening post Ê`>Ê,>`Ê*ÃÃLÞÊ
BY GERRY DEXTER*
-ÕÌÌ}ÊÜ
et’s wade into the SW news stream and check foreign service (Radio Vlanderen International).
some shortwave-lettes: Once the host of Brussels Calling, and later Radio
World, Mr. Vossen was 74 years old.
~ Some highly disturbing news from India. All
India Radio is considering shutting down its short- ~ Radio Nacional Amazonia in Brazil has redis-
wave services. Details are skimpy and sketchy at covered 6180, a frequency which it had largely
this point. But it seems the internet has stretched ignored for months, if not years. On the other hand,
its tentacles toward AIR. Let’s hope and pray that 11780 will remain in use and is well heard with its
AIR resists its grasp. 250 kilowatts, largely over 24 hours.
~ West Africa seems to be stirring with life again. ~ Radio Vanuatu seems to have recovered from
Radio Television Guinee from Conakry, Guinea, the devastation wrought by the horrible Cyclone
has resumed broadcasting on 9650, 5035, and Pam which struck in March last year. It has been
7220 using 50 kilowatts. RTG was last active in heard on 3945 lately and 7260 seems occasional-
2012 on 7125. We should flood them with reports, ly active, but 9545 remains silent.
or at least our “thank yous.” RTG can be reached
at B.P. 391, Conakry. No email, but just sending a The Sked Shed
card would help! Late word, however, indicates this Here’s the lineup for the new Madagascar World
may have been an extremely limited time birth, so Voice, operated by World Christian Broadcasting:
RTG may already have vanished.
0000-0100 English to Central Africa on 9600
~ Another new opposition broadcaster, this one 0100-0200 English to South Asia on 9665
aimed at Somalia, is Radio OMN, which is broad- 0200-0300 in Spanish to America on 6190
casting in Oromo via Kostinbrod (Bulgaria) on 0300-0400 in Spanish to America on 6150
15170 from 1800-1900 UTC Wednesday through 0400-0500 in English to Central Africa on 9480
Sunday. 1800-1900 in Russian to Europe on 9570
1800-1900 in English to Africa on 17640
~ Radio Tamazuj, which is aimed at South Sudan, 1900-2000 in Arabic to North Africa on 11945
is adding two hours to its schedule and is now using 2000-2100 in Arabic to North Africa on 13710
9600, 11650, 15150, and 15650. The added hours 2100-2200 in Chinese to East Asia on 11615
include 0630-0730 UTC and 1730-1830 UTC. Both 2200-2300 in Chinese to East Asia on 9455
hours will feature fresh programming. 2200-2300 in Arabic to North Africa on 11770
2300-0000 in Chinese to East Asia on 9535
~ Speaking of West Africa, Radio Candip in Bunia,
Democratic Republic of Congo on 5066 is being Madagascar World Voice is the sister station of
heard by a few again with its 1 kilowatt, mostly in KNLS, Anchor Point, Alaska; both operate under
the later evening hours. the umbrella of World Christian Broadcasting,
headquartered in Franklin, Tennessee.
~ I’ve regretfully learned of the passing of Frank
Vossen who was a well-known voice on Belgium’s Leading Logs
Remember, your shortwave broadcast station logs
*c/o CQ magazine are always welcome. But please be sure to double
The Ugandan opposition station, Lead Africa, has replied to Rich D’Angelo for his reception on 5910.

or triple space between the items, list each logging accord- Ababa in Tigrigna at 0310 with a male announcer and HOA
ing to the station’s home country and include your last music. Wrecked by Brother Stair via WRMI. (Taylor, WI)
name and state abbreviation after each. Also needed are GUINEA²RTV Guinee, 9650 at 0234 with tribal vocals,
spare QSLs, station schedules, brochures, pennants, station 0259 man with French ID, followed by 15 minutes of news,
photos, and anything else you think would be of interest. You including numerous remotes, then back to music. (D’Angelo,
amateur radio operators who are also SWLs are also most PA)
welcome! INDIA²Athmik Yatra Radio, 7215 via Nauen in Knnauri at
Here are this month’s logs. All times are in UTC. If no lan- 0110. Then Qur’an-like chants. (Taylor, Lake Farm FX, WI)
guage is mentioned English is assumed. MADAGASCAR²Madagascar World Voice, 9600 with
Creation Moment Christian program at 0055 with English
BAHRAIN²Radio Bahrain (p) (a testosterone log!) broadcast, giving schedule, ID and contemporary Christian
9745 at 0006 in Arabic with a man talking at some length
with random time checks until after 0100. Weak in USB
mode. Would seem to be this rather than Egypt (Taylor,
Lake Farm DX, WI)
BOLIVIA²Radio Mosoj Chaski, Cochabamba, 3310 at
0010. Woman speaking with Bolivian music, Spanish
announcements with some Quechua. (Taylor, Lake Farm
DX, WI)
Radio Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 6134.8 at 0034-0116 with
mix of LA tunes, man talking in Spanish, IDs and announce-
ments. Nice formal ID at 0100. (D’Angelo, PA)
CHINA²Nei Menggu PBS, HoHot, 7270 at 1212 with
woman hosting indigenous music, 9520 at 1318 with
man/woman in Mongolian and music, which continued under
the woman’s voice. (Taylor, WI)
Voice of the Strait, 4940-Fuzhou in Mandarin at 1217.
(Brossell, WI)
BPM Time station, 10000 at 2259 with CW ID repeated for Radio Oomrang, 15215 via Issoudun through Media
one minute under WWV. (Taylor, Lake Farm DX, WI) Broadcast QSL’d for D’Angelo for his report to: <QSL-
ETHIOPIA²Voice of the Tigre Revolution, 5950 Addis Shortwave@meiabroadcast.com>.

what’s new song. (Taylor, WI) 0152. Then a “New
Life” ID and schedule announcement
MYANMAR²Myanmar Radio, 5985
at 1255 in Burmese with man/woman
for both MWV and KNLS. (Wood, MA) talking, music bridges through the top
African Pathways, 9480 at 0436 with of the hour, then a western pop num-
a Christian song, 0458 ID and frequen- ber. (Sellers, BC)
cy announcement then off. (Sellers, BC) SRI LANKA²SLBC, 9730 at 1200
Comet Updates CAA-500 MarkII

Antenna Analyzer
Comet has redesigned its CAA-500 MarkII
antenna analyzer to include a graphic dis-
play while retaining the cross-needle ana-
log display. The new TFT display can show RTE International also replied to D’Angelo for his reception via the
graphic and numerical SWR and imped- Madagascar relay.
ance information along with total imped-
ance with R and X values simultaneously
with the analog display.
There are three modes into which you
can place the CAA-500 MarkII:
Auto-Sweep Mode automatically graphs
the SWR on the LCD display. Choose any
one of the pre-set amateur band frequen-
cy ranges and press the sweep button …
in about 30 seconds the SWR graph is com-
pleted and displayed. Manual-Sweep
Mode manually graphs the SWR curve
after you set the desired bandwidth. And
Multiple Manual-Sweeps Mode will overlay
up to five manual sweeps in five selectable
colors as you make antenna location or
length adjustments.
The CAA-500 MarkII operates on 8- to
16-VDC external power or 6 AA batteries.
A battery indicator light lets users know
when it is time to either change the batter-
ies or charge them with the built-in trickle
charger. Selectable auto power-off pre-
vents unnecessary draining of the battery
when not in use. Radio Veritas Asia replied to D’Angelo with this scenic view of a dock on
To make connections to the antennas Cebu Island.
you want to test, the CAA-500 MarkII
includes an SO-239 connector for the 1.8-
300 MHz range and a female ‘N’-connec-
tor for the 300-500 MHz range.
Comet says the CAA-500 MarkII is avail-
able now with a suggested retail price of
$449.00. For more information, contact:
NGC Companies Inc., 15036 Sierra Bonita
Lane, Chino, CA 91710. Phone: (800) 962-
2611. Email: <sales@natcommgroup.
com>. Website: <http://www.natcomm
group.com>.

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sign on with group singing, ID in Tamil and contact address. Reach Beyond Australia came on at 1215, though Reach
(Brossell, WI) 11905-Trincomalee at 0133. Best I’ve heard Beyond does use this frequency and is not scheduled at this
them in some months. Program of traditional music and time. (Sellers, BC)
woman with ID in listed Hindi. (Wood, MA) ~ 6924.8 at 0303 with a blues song, then off right after
SUDAN²Sudan Radio 7205 with male voice and Arabic Captain Morgan went off. (Taylor, WI)
talks at 0305. (Brossell, WI) ~ 6925 at 01246 with “don’t accept the nomination” excerpt,
ZANZIBAR²ZBC Radio, 11735 at 1835 in Swahili with two SSTV and off. (Taylor, WI)
men giving speeches, occasional music bridges, at 1900 ~ 6925u at 0149 nice program of Native American flutes
another announcer mentioning Islam and a Z-B-C ID. and several electronic pieces, (Taylor, WI)
(Sellers, BC) ~ 6925u at 0137 with song Purple Rain (Hassig, IL)
Let’s keep going ... more loggings are posted online at Back In the Day
<http://cqpluslisteningpost.blogspot.com>. Radio Nacional, Asuncion, Paraguay, 9868 (nominal 9735),
at 0235 on August 2, 1990 with its domestic service in
Spanish.
QSL Quests
Rich D’Angelo checks in with replies from Ugandan opposi- Just Sayin’
tion station Lead Africa, Radio Oomrang via Issoudun, RTE
International reception via the Madagascar relay and Radio It’s been several months since I’ve bugged and begged you
Veritas Asia. for shack photos. I have a list of those who’ve contributed
Bob Brossell confirms country 192 with Radio Bougaiville and those who haven’t. The question is: “Why not?” I think
in Papua New Guinea. fellow DXers are most interested in what your shack looks
like ... modest or plush ... even if it contains a transmitter!
Come on guys, or I may have to drop into full beg mode. Help
Who Goes There? me out here!
~ 5955 at 0114 in Spanish with man/woman in lively con- A thousand thanks to the following good folk who came
versation, but at this point we were too cold to hold out for an through this time: Fotios Padazopulos, Athens, Greece;
ID. (Taylor, Lake Park Farm, WI) Steven C. Wood, Harwich, MA; Harold Sellers, Vernon, BC;
~ 9510 at 2354 in an uncertain language. Man speaking Chris Lobdell, Tewksbury, MA; Mark Taylor, Madison, WI;
with apparent Bible teaching. Several mentions of Jesus Rich D’Angelo, Wyomissing, PA; William Hassig, Mt.
Christ. (Taylor, Lake Farm Park DX, WI) Pleasant, IL; KB2DMD, Rich Parker, Pennsburg, PA; and
~ 9720 at 1214 with hymn “How Great Thou Art.” Suddenly Bob Brossell, Pewaukee, WI.

BY TOM SMERK,* AA6TS
cq world wide `>Ê`ÃÊi`Ê>ÞÊ>`Ê>Ã
,iÃ«`ÊÌÊiÛ>ÃÌ>Ì}
VÕ>`À>Ê >ÀÌµÕ>i
H
ams around the world celebrate World The days before the event saw strong solar
Amateur Radio Day and India enjoys its 3rd flares causing significant HF interference, but the
annual Field Day while some others sun cooperated and many VU hams enthusiasti-
respond to the earthquake in Ecuador. The Czech cally turned out for the event, despite the strong
Republic jumps on the ARISS bandwagon while midday heat.
Romania now offers a 60-meter ham band. As in the field day events in other regions, VU
National Field Day provided an opportunity to hone
India’s National Field Day both technical and operating skills — skills that would
The VU National Field Day was held on April 16-17. be useful during times of local or national disaster.
While many VU hams and ham clubs have been The Amateur Radio Society of India (ARSI), the
conducting independent field day events, the drive national IARU member society, helped partici-
to establish a common field day started in 2013, and pants by getting permission from the authorities for
three such events have been held since then. temporarily shifting their station locations, since
Like the ARRL¶s Field Day here in the U.S., the VU licenses are fixed station licenses. Some of the
event was for 24 hours, the exchange was RST plus largest participation was from Gurgaon in Northern
state and sequential serial numbers, and included India, Bhopal in Central India, and Bangalore,
the bands from 160 through 2 meters, excluding the Surathkal, and Chennai, all in Southern India. Each
WARC bands (30, 17 and 12 meters). Modes were city operated in large teams. While many operat-
CW, SSB, FM, and data, and the categories were ed from their homes to stay out of the hot April sun,
portable and fixed (home stations). a few hardy souls braved it out in the field.
The team from Chennai, operating under the call-
sign of team-leader VU3VWR, set up three low-
*17986 Highway 94, Dulzura, CA 91917 power stations in a mango grove and operated all
e-mail: <aa6ts@cq-amateur-radio.com> modes including JT65.
Aravind, VU2ABS (on ladder), gets some help erecting an antenna for India¶s national Field Day,
held in April. (All photos courtesy of VU2VAU)

Ragav, VU3VWR (on the left with blue shirt), led the team that operated Field Day with his call. Deepan, VU2DPN,
shows off his hat that tells people what he does.
The team from Surathkal operated the club call of the stroyed or damaged, and hams were reported to be operat-
National Institute of Technology, VU2REC, and introduced ing on battery power.
many students of the engineering college to amateur radio. Some structures suffered severe damage, and many vic-
Many curious visitors from various departments stopped by tims were buried in the rubble of collapsed buildings and
to observe and inquire. homes. Many roads were impassable because of earthquake
From the reports I have seen, propagation was good into rubble from numerous landslides, making it difficult for relief
South America, Europe, and Asia. organizations to reach the affected communities. Specialized
The growing enthusiasm for amateur radio in India is a pos- search and rescue teams arrived from several American and
itive sign. With the efforts of ARSI and local clubs that encour- European countries. Some hams joined forces with the
age Field days and contests, it is hoped that more VUs will Emergency Operations Center (COE) of Quito and were very
get on the HF bands regularly. (To learn about those addi- busy coordinating search-and-rescue activities.
tional efforts, see Carole Perry’s feature on Tom Jose, The priority was search and rescue operations, establish-
VU2TO, on page XX –ed). ing communications, and delivery of water and food to the
[Thanks to Deepak, VU2CDP for sending us this information] affected people. The population was asked to contribute
donations of water, non-perishable food, and flashlights.
Once again, amateur radio operators respond when com- In early May, the ARRL shipped a ³Ham Aid´ package con-
munications are knocked out by a disaster. This time it was taining some 400 pounds of communications equipment to
an earthquake in Ecuador. the Guayaquil Radio Club for use in ongoing relief and recov-
ery efforts.
Hams Respond to Ecuador Earthquake [IARU Region 2 and ARRL News]
A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Ecuador in mid-April with
CNN reporting that the death toll was at 272, with more than Besides Field Day activities, many clubs were active on
2,500 injured. “World Amateur Radio Day.” Here’s a story about two clubs’
A state of emergency was declared in six coastal provinces. activities:
Most earthquake damage occurred in the Guayaquil (HC2)
and Portoviejo/Manta (HC4) areas. A 6.1-magnitude after- Egypt Celebrates World Amateur Radio Day,
shock shook the already damaged areas a few days later. Focuses on Youth
IARU Region 2 Emergency Coordinator Cesar Pio Santos, For World Amateur Radio Day in Egypt, the focus was on
HR2P, reported that following the earthquake, an emergency getting new young hams involved with the hobby to contin-
net was formed on 7060 kHz LSB for passing messages from ue the development of amateur radio for future generations.
the most heavily-affected areas. Hams in nearby countries This year, the Egyptian Radio Amateurs Society for
were also monitoring that frequency and were ready to offer Development (ERASD) collaborated with Nile University and
assistance if needed. invited many guests, especially university students and
International Amateur Radio Union Region 2 Vice President school children.
Ramón Santoyo, XE1KK, reported that electrical power and ERASD members operated the SUØERA society station
commercial telecommunication systems were either de- and conducted workshops for new radio amateurs. There

were displays, videos, and discussions
about how to obtain amateur radio
licenses.
Stations making QSOs with SUØERA
during World Amateur Radio Day
received a copy of the Pyramids Merit
Award.
World Amateur Radio Day is held
worldwide every April 18 because it was
on that day in 1925 that the International
Amateur Radio Union (IARU) was
formed in Paris.
[Southgate Amateur Radio News,
Facebook, QRZ.com]
BDARA Celebrates World

Amateur Radio Day
The Brunei Darussalam Amateur Radio
Association (BDARA) held its fifth annu-
al gathering to mark World Amateur
Radio Day. The theme this year was
³Celebrating Amateur Radio¶s Contri- Hams at Field Day — hard at work, but still having fun!
bution to Society.´
Brunei Darussalam is situated on the
northwestern edge of the island of
Borneo, and borders Malaysia. It is one
of the oldest kingdoms, yet one of the
youngest independent nations, in the
region.
The event was held at the amateur
radio cabin of the National Scout Training
and Activity Centre in Mata-mata, and
was attended by more than 30 members,
including BDARA President Pengiran Hj
Salleh Ab Rahaman and BDARA¶s advi-
sor, Hj Abu Bakar Hj Ahmad.
The event also marked the 151st anni-
versary of the International Telecommu-
nication Union (ITU) and the 91st anniver-
sary of the International Amateur Radio
Union (IARU)
[The Brunei Times and other sources]
Another country celebrates a “first” —

The Czech Republic is proud to an-
nounce its first ARISS contact. Here are
the details… Ragav, VU3VWR, and Aravind, VU2ABS, make a few digital Field Day contacts
under a mango tree.
First ARISS Contact for Czech
Republic A select group of students from each Video of the event was streamed over
The Czech Republic joined the grow- of the three schools prepared 18 ques- the internet thanks to the AVP UP team,
ing list of countries whose schools tions to ask Astronaut Tim Peake, and audio was streamed to Echo Link
have made an amateur radio contact KG5BVI, aboard the ISS. The contact AMSAT conference room (node 101
with the International Space Station, lasted eight and half minutes, and the 377), thanks to Claudio Ariotti, IK1SLD,
thanks to the efforts of the ARISS students were delighted to receive and Fabio Inglese, IW1BND. The
(Amateur Radio on the International clear, intelligible answers to each of the ARISS event was also broadcast on
Space Station) program. questions. television by Czech national TV chan-
Three hundred people gathered in The Hanacky Radio Club, OK2KYJ, nel CT24, which said 52,000 viewers
early March at the Slovanské Gym- operators Ivo Dostal, OK2VWX, and tuned in to watch the contact. In addi-
názium Olomouc in Moravia, mostly stu- Vilem Horacek, OK2BC, initiated the tion, five TV stations, several radio sta-
dents and teachers from the three contact and were responsible for order tions, and representatives from both
schools participating in the contact, of the students¶ questions. Leo Hucin, local and national news media covered
which were Slovanské Gymnázium OK2UUJ, was the radio coordinator of the event.
Olomouc, Gymnazium Cajkovskeho, the contact and Eva Farmackova was As a ³side project,´ many teachers of
and Gymnazium Olomouc – Hejcin. the coordination teacher. English as a second language asked for

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the transcript of the event as well as the recording and video, The story continues about more countries establishing a 5-
and plan to use the material in their English lessons. MHz band for amateur radio, following the new service allo-
The ESL teachers have also started using English texts cation approvals at WRC-15 in Geneva:
about space and amateur radio as reading comprehension
exercises. Romania Jumps on 60-Meter Band(wagon)
ARISS went on to celebrate its 1,000th school contact on Romania has tentatively joined the growing list of countries
March 10 at the University of North Dakota. allowing amateurs to enjoy the 5-MHz band, a.k.a. the 60-
[ARISS, Southgate Amateur Radio News and <http:// meter band. Romanian telecommunications regulator
exfyz.upol.cz/didaktika/iss>] ANCOM has granted hams access to 5363.5 to 5366.5 kHz
on a ³testing´ basis for approximately one year. Modes are
Here’s some great news for any of you who were planning CW, PSK, RTTY, and WSJT, at a maximum EIRP (effective
to attend the Summer Olympic Games and take your ham isotropic radiated power) of 15 watts.
radio with you: To access the 60-meter band, Romanian hams must reg-
ister for the testing program, and initial testing will take place
Brazil Eases Reciprocity Regulations for Thursdays at around 1600 UTC. The testing program is to
Olympic Games ascertain whether propagation offers the possibility of carry-
The government of Brazil and the Brazilian Amateur Radio ing out emergency communication on the band.
League (LABRE) have made it easier for you to bring your U.S. hams currently access 60 meters through a set of five
ham radio to the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio this August. dedicated channels. Keep following the news column in this
During the months of August and September of this year, magazine to see when the FCC institutes a rulemaking pro-
any foreign ham will be permitted to operate in Brazil, ceeding to establish updated operating parameters for the
whether or not there is a reciprocal agreement between the band as established by WRC-15 for a global, secondary ama-
respective countries. No IARP or CEPT license is neces- teur radio allocation of 5351.5 kHz to 5366.5 kHz.
sary, and no fees will be charged. However, advance regis- [ARRL News]
tration is required.
Amateurs who want to operate in Brazil should scan the In Closing ...
following documents and email the scans to LABRE at <exec- As your friends and relatives used to tell you, ³Don¶t forget
utiva@labre.org.br>: A copy of the identification pages of to write!´ I love to hear from hams all around the world and
your valid passport; a copy of your amateur radio license; enjoy your stories of what your clubs have been up to or what
your email address; and a list of cities in which you plan to is new and interesting about amateur radio in your country.
operate, with the respective dates. And don¶t forget to send photos! You can reach me at
[IARU Region 2] <aa6ts@cq-amateur-radio.com>. – 73 de AA6TS

emergency communications
CORY GB SICKLES, WA3UVV
º-ÀÀÞ]Ê7i½ÀiÊ"«i»
I
n my hometown during the early 1970s, a store I greeted him and said: ³So, this is your com-
opened that sold posters, black lights, various munications trailer.´
pop culture items of the times and a good selec- His response was ³Yep.´
tion of what would be considered smoking or drug I angled my head a bit from side to side, attempt-
paraphernalia. In short, it was what we would call ing to look in. I then said: ³Looks nice.´ Not that I
a head shop. In a less obvious part of town, it might could really see anything in there, with my limited
have gone unnoticed for a while, but the owner had viewing.
selected a storefront that was next to a popular He responded with another ³Yep.´
restaurant that served members of the local cham- Trying once more to strike up a conversation with
ber of commerce, teachers¶ groups, and just fam- this individual — the kind of guest that gives talk
ilies out for a nice dinner. show hosts nightmares — I asked: ³Do you ever
In short order, there was much consternation conduct walkthroughs?´
about the head shop, accompanied by various This time, he changed the answer and stated,
head shaking, finger-wagging, and hand-wringing ³Sometimes.´
reminiscent of ³We¶ve got trouble in River City´ At this point, I gave up on any hopes of actually
from The Music Man. Balancing all of the negative communicating with what I earlier presumed was
comments, along with a reasonable amount of a communicator and just walked away. Later, I
business they were doing, the owners had placed learned from someone who was deemed worthy
a ³Sorry, We¶re Open´ sign in the window. Other of a tour that I hadn¶t missed much.
than the few times I went inside to buy a poster or Apparently for all the signage on the trailer, which
two, the sign is about all I remember of the place. rivals anything NASCAR incorporates, it was more
Eventually, a parking garage replaced all of the of a place to turn on a radio, get a beer from the
businesses on the block. fridge and sit in the air conditioning than it was a
The memory of that sign once again surfaced functional asset that could demonstrate the value
when I encountered an EmComm group¶s com- of what radio amateurs could actually do in a crisis.
munications trailer being shown off at an event. As Even if it had been fully equipped and staffed
I approached it, easy to see with all of the official with trained and positively motivated responders,
signs and markings on every one of the four sides, the ³guard´ in the doorway killed any possible
there was a gentleman dressed in official-looking interest from representatives of agencies that
accoutrements sitting in the stairway. could be served. It¶s like a business that spends
tens of thousands of dollars on advertising, only
*e-mail: <wa3uvv@gmail.com> to kill sales with bad attitudes once prospective
Photo A. On display at the Delaware State Convention, the Sussex County Mobile Command vehicle
is a good example of labeling that gets to the point, without trying to fill in every bit of white space that
can be found. It also speaks well to the teamwork involved between amateur radio and served
communities. (All photos by WA3UVV)

customers get there. They¶d be better off not being noticed of the National Park Service¶s centennial. Hams have been
at all. going out and setting up portable stations to activate the
The apparent negativity and laziness of the one represen- parks, trails, battlefields, etc. of the National Park Service
tative I encountered communicated one thing — for a differ- properties.
ent reason — ³Sorry We¶re Open.´ While each activation is an opportunity to meet the public
By stark contrast, I recently spoke at the ARRL Delaware and talk about amateur radio, it can also be an opportunity
State Convention and DELMARVA Electronics Expo in to let prospective hams actually experience it for themselves.
Georgetown, Delaware. This section benefits greatly from I know, most activators find themselves on the business end
the excellent management of Section Manager Bill of a pile up, but with some on-the-air explanation, I think most
Duveneck, KB3KYH, plus an outstanding team of leaders. In hams will slow down a bit and see the big picture. Alternately,
fact, I could easily devote an entire column to all of the pos- there are opportunities for a second activator to demonstrate
itive aspects and actions I¶ve seen from a well-motivated and what it¶s like to talk on a VHF/UHF portable, especially if it¶s
enthusiastic group of people, plus the far-reaching effects linked to a System Fusion Room, D-STAR reflector, or sim-
their efforts have on others. While they achieve excellence ilar digital radio talkgroup.
in many areas, they continue to work to make things even Some applicable propaganda should be available that
better. It¶s what winners and leaders do. explains more about amateur radio, contact information for
While there, I saw the Sussex County Mobile Command your local organization, and a follow up mechanism. A few
RV (Photo A). Study the picture and you¶ll notice the mini- moments of salesmanship and a positive attitude — com-
malist approach to branding and the judicious use of logos. bined with a hands-on experience — can go a long way
It is, shall we say, very tasteful. The labeling tells someone toward sparking an interest in something we enjoy so much.
what it is and what it is used for and the municipal seal adds
an official stamp without a lot of unnecessary pretense.
Notice too, that amateur radio is a key component of this A Professional Look vs. Playing
mobile asset. The EmComm-minded hams in Sussex County
have a good relationship with the community they serve. Dress-Up
Thus, they don¶t ³need´ to have a separate RV or trailer of The acquisition of larger assets — such as communica-
their own as they are welcome members of the ³profession- tions trailers or RVs — is usually the result of having grant
al´ team, which demonstrates further mutual respect. See funds directed your way, or as the result of a material dona-
how much you can learn from just one picture? tion. Of course you want to show your appreciation and
Events like conventions, hamfests (Photo B), community some artwork on the side is a good way to do that.
days, etc. give us opportunities to promote positive public Sometimes, such a display is mandated as a condition of
relations, introduce ourselves to the people we serve, and the donation. However, these displays of affection need to
help to encourage a positive relationship. As long as nega- be tasteful.
tivity and laziness don¶t get in the way. It would seem odd and unprofessional to see an ambu-
In-the-field exercises can also help. You may immediately lance pass by with decals and logos sending a message of
think of Field Day, but there¶s another activity going on this ³Sponsored by Stryker, Johnson & Johnson, Becton
year that can also be used to promote goodwill and make Dickinson, ACE, Mediflex, and more´ — or — a police cruis-
good first impressions regarding our EmComm efforts. er with a list of bullet points: ³Specializing in Robberies,
National Parks on the Air (NPOTA) is a yearlong celebration Domestic Altercations, Homicides, Missing Person
Searches and much, much more!´ on the side panels and
trunk. ³To serve and Protect´ seems to be enough of a mis-
sion statement — for most.
Likewise, covering your trailer or even Go Kits with brand-
ing that denotes numerous funding or in-kind donation
sources, names of all the agencies you might seemingly
serve, ARES, RACES, ³When All Else Fails,´ AUXCOMM,
and a multitude of other far-reaching possibilities runs the
very real risk of making you look like a clown. Understatement
is key here, if you want to be taken seriously.
My thought is to never have more than three things on
display. Answer questions such as:
• Who are you?

• What are you doing here?
• Who do you work with?
The same consideration should be taken with the size of

any logo you come up with (do you really need one?) and
the complexity of its design. Less is more.
Photo B. While making your way through the tailgate area A simple mission statement — short and sweet — or one
of a hamfest, keep a lookout for ways to save money, in that denotes your purpose is best. Recognize your major
ways you may not have planned. This case features the benefactor, state your purpose, and present everything as
ability to roll around and has a collapsible handle. With a professionals. That will earn you the respect and profes-
bit of negotiation, you can have a case with more than sional relationships you need. ³Playing dress up´ does quite
enough room — for less cash than new. the opposite.

2014 and 2015 You can learn more about NPOTA on the ARRL¶s website
at <https://npota.arrl.org/>. I¶ll also suggest learning a bit
about the history of the place you are going to activate, so
you¶ll have some better appreciation of where you are and
have a bit more to discuss with the park rangers when you
ask where you should set up.
As the weather has become more hospitable, I have two
sites in western Pennsylvania I plan to activate. I won¶t be
the first for either, but I plan to enjoy myself, nonetheless.
Warmer weather also means that other outdoor activities are
going on. Foot races, cycling events, and walks for charity
are all opportunities for you and your EmComm team to be
of assistance and become more visible in your communities.
Pittsburgh Marathon and Dressing Properly

For the first time, I had the opportunity earlier this year to help
out the medical support team at the Pittsburgh Marathon
Back issues of CQ Amateur Radio are now available
(Photo C). Signing up for the event reminded me that each
event is unique and the approach hams take in event man-
on disk in PDF format!
agement will differ. As I¶ve participated in the MS-150 cycling
The years 2014 and 2015 are now available in easy-to- event for the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Greater
access PDF format for you to read and refer to again Philadelphia for many years, I¶ve become used to the ³cer-
and again . . . at a fraction of their original cost! tain way´ that everyone associated with the two-day event
Remember 2015 was our 70th Anniversary Year! does things.
The Pittsburgh Marathon is run with a different ³certain
฀ ฀ Order No. CQ2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . way´ and I had to adjust. It¶s not that one management style
฀ Order No. CQ2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is necessarily better than another, just different. Even if you
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ................ participate in a regular set of community service events, there
Shipping & Handling: USA $3; CN/MX $5; All Other Countries $10 may be room in your schedule to do one more.
You will pay a single shipping charge if you order both. If so, don¶t let unfamiliarity stop you from signing up. You¶ll
CQ Communications, Inc. have an opportunity to expand your horizons, get involved
17 W. John St., Hicksville, NY 11801 with some new people, and maybe some you already know.
Phone 516-681-2922 • FAX 516-681-2926 Plus, you get to be part of another way that radio amateurs
http://store.cq-amateur-radio.com help their communities.
Photo C. While I get excited about assisting with cycling events, an opportunity to help out with the Pittsburgh Marathon
was of mutual benefit. Although not my best composition, this shows just a few of the more than 30,000 runners and
walkers participating in the event.

a Yaesu SSM-57 earpiece microphone,
Ham Radio EmComm in The Atlantic along with my FT1DR. All worked prop-
erly when I first checked in with net con-
Amateur radio emergency communications was the topic of an excellent trol prior to the start of the race.
article in the online edition of The Atlantic magazine. The article, titled ³The Later, when I had my rain jacket on and
Amateur Radio Operators Preparing for the Worst,´ was authored by tech- the first runner was passing, I called net
nology writer Jennifer Hackett and appeared among the magazine¶s online control to report the race¶s status. They
articles on March 14. initially had a problem hearing me until I
She joins a group of hams at a drill outside a nuclear power plant in Virginia, realized I had repositioned the micro-
provides some excellent history and discusses ham radio as an antidote to phone and my fingers were blocking the
³deskilling,´ people¶s tendency to forget how to do things on their own when opening as I pushed the PTT button. I
technology makes it no longer necessary. Her focus is on ARES (the ARRL¶s didn¶t realize I had oriented it to be invert-
Amateur Radio Emergency Service) and one of the hams she interviews is a ed from what I normally do. It only took a
20-year-old college student. (She also admits that she is the only member of few seconds to figure it out, but I¶m sure
her immediate family who is not a ham.) my face was red because of my mistake.
The complete article may be viewed online at <http://theatln.tc/1nJuENK>. Whenever things have been working,
but subsequently don¶t, the first question
I ask myself is ³what changed?´ That
In addition, spending a morning it kept me dry during the time it was rain- applies to a lot of things, not just radios.
alongside one of Pittsburgh¶s finest and ing. It kept my portable dry, too. But the The other thing I¶ll mention about cloth-
in the vicinity of dedicated EMS profes- jacket did cause me one little issue. ing is a reminder to be as visible as pos-
sionals and other volunteers didn¶t do I know from experience that events sible. Event organizers will often supply
me any harm. Admittedly, the occa- like marathons and bike races may put t-shirts, but many times the colors of the
sional ³thank you´ from runners mak- me in areas with a lot of noise — as well event are not the most noticeable. Thus,
ing the turn felt good — even with some as music — even if I¶m not assigned to it is a good idea to also wear a fluores-
rain coming down. such places. You always have to take cent green or orange vest. In the case of
That brings us to a good topic for dis- into account the possibility that you may rain gear, that too, should be a bright
cussion, proper clothing. I knew in be moved or temporarily reassigned. green, with reflective strips. If you blend
advance that the weather forecast Thus, I often use an in-the-ear/micro- in with the police and public works folks
included rain, so I made sure to bring phone option to make sure I can hear (also interesting to talk to) on scene, then
my reflective rain jacket. I was glad, as calls. During the marathon, I was using you picked the right outfit.

BY JOE EISENBERG,* KØNEB
kit-building Ê*ÝiÊi«iÀÊ>`Ê>Ê,iViÛiÀ
ÜÌÊ>Ê-ViÊvÊ*
ith the amazing popularity of the $4
W Chinese Pixie II kit came a problem most

builders (and I) did not anticipate: The
Pixie seems to draw a lot of current through the
keying line, making the use of many solid-state
electronic keyers impossible. Most keyers are
designed to switch the very low current present on
the keying line of most modern radios. The Pixie,
with its minimalist design, works fine with a simple
straight key, but not so with a keyer. So,
HamGadgets comes to the rescue with its Mini
Keying Adapter kit. This very simple kit allows you
to use the power supply that runs the Pixie to also
power this adapter board, allowing you to use the
output from keyers, such as the HamGadgets
PicoKeyer series, as well as many other keyers and
keyer kits. Hamgadgets Mini Keying Adapter. (Courtesy of
This is truly a 5-to-10-minute kit that goes togeth- hamgadgets.com)
er quite easily. In fact, you will spend more time con-
necting this adapter to your Pixie than you will your Pixie or other minimalist design QRP trans-
assembling it. For $7, it won’t break the bank, and ceiver. The HamGadgets Mini Keying Adapter is
it will allow you to use your favorite CW keyer with something to have in your arsenal of useful gadgets
for enjoying the world of minimalist transceiver
*7133 Yosemite Drive, Lincoln, NE 68507 designs. If you are using the HamGadgets ID-O-
e-mail: <k0neb@cq-amateur-radio.com> Matic kit to control your repeater, you can also use
The Pi-HF parts all ready for assembly.

The completed Pi-HF mounted on a Raspberry Pi 2 B+.
SAVE YOUR RIG

From Lightning Surge
Our ANTENNA DISCONNECT effectively uplugs the Radio’s coax

and grounds the antenna. It works automatically,
re-connecting your antenna when you turn your radio back on.
It is the least expensive way to increase protection

for your valuable radio station.
Hallicrafters S-120 Capacitor kit from <hayseedhamfest.com>.
Visit paradanradio.com for more information.

this kit to control a small DC cooling fan
without the use of a mechanical relay.
Speaking of the ID-O-Matic, this kit is
now up to Version 4, so take a look at it
if you are planning to put together your
own repeater. Version 4 allows for
updating the firmware via USB as well
as adding voice ID for use as a repeater
identifier or foxhunt transmitter beacon.
Future firmware will improve on current
features and may add even new ones.
The ID-O-Matic can also be powered
via the micro USB port by a common
cell phone charger if desired. Order the
Mini Keying Adapter or the ID-O-Matic
4 at <http://www.hamgadgets.com>.
Pi-HF Receiver Kit

The ever-popular Raspberry Pi low-
cost Linux-powered computer has cre-
ated an industry of add-on devices that
take advantage of the incredible flexi-
bility and low cost of this amazing little
computer. The Raspberry Pi 3 has
come along with a faster quad-core
processor and a gig of RAM, along with
the extended GPIO interface for which
the Pi is famous. Throw in built-in Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth capabilities, and it’s easy
to understand how this $35 computer Hallicrafters S-200 awaiting the new capacitors. The big orange multi-section
has become the most popular platform capacitor will be replaced by the new green capacitor in the kit.
for both low-cost computing and cre-
ative applications.
Since the Raspberry Pi came from the
be sure that you are using a 2-amp type radios. I am beginning work on a
U.K., it seems only fitting that the PI-HF
power supply to be certain to ade- pair of early 1960s Hallicrafters clas-
direct conversion receiver kit also
quately power the Pi as well as the sics. These two radios are close enough
comes from the U.K. This kit has about
receiver. A 1-amp supply may work, but in design that the same capacitor kit
100 MHz of coverage and is designed
when you add in things like a keyboard, works for both receivers. The Halli-
for receiving CW and SSB (AM is
mouse, and Wi-Fi, you might be press- crafters S-120 was my very first gener-
detected by listening to one of the side-
ing your power supply to the limit. al coverage receiver and was how I was
bands). If you are a bit squeamish about
To use the receiver, you simply follow introduced to ham radio and shortwave
working with surface mount compo-
the instructions and download the soft- broadcasting. The S-200 was essen-
nents, you might have second thoughts
ware into your Raspberry Pi. The virtu- tially the same receiver, but with cover-
about building this kit. But this kit uses
al front panel on the screen is how you age only for the AM broadcast band and
the largest type of surface mount parts,
then control the receiver. The software four expanded shortwave broadcast
making for a slightly easier building
is called PiVFO and I would suggest bands, not full general coverage and no
experience. Spares for most of the sur-
familiarizing yourself with procedures to BFO for code or sideband reception.
face mount parts are provided as well,
load, compile, and run programs on the The same four tubes they both use
which is a really good idea. A cookie
Raspberry Pi to make this task easier if make for the ability to use the same
sheet as well as good lighting and mag-
you are a first-time Raspberry Pi user. capacitor kit. I’ll share the results of my
nification are musts for putting this kit
The software is designed to be com- venture into these old classics in a future
together, as is a very fine-tipped sol-
patible with Raspbian, which is the column. Meanwhile, you can order
dering iron and thin solder (.025 inches
Linux “distro” that is most often used the capacitor kits from <http://www.
or smaller).
with the Raspberry Pi. hayseedhamfest.com>. Cost varies ac-
The parts count is not such that this is
The Pi-HF is available from the U.K. at cording to the radio being restored.
an extremely difficult kit to build; in fact,
<http://shop.languagespy.com>. Allow a My summer plans include my annual
it took me only a couple of hours to
week or so for arrival in the U.S. via mail. visit to Huntsville, Alabama for the
assemble it. But for someone without
Huntsville Hamfest, so if you plan on
any surface mount experience, I would
Capacitor Kits for going to this great hamfest in August,
suggest putting together a less complex
Restorations please be sure to say hi! In October,
surface mount kit before tackling this
those of you in the New England area
one. Once completed, follow the direc- Finally, in a past column, I presented the
can see me at NEARFest in New
tions carefully and plug it into the GPIO RANVerter Pi SDR kit from Hayseed
Hampshire.
connector. The kit is powered from the Hamfest.com. This same outlet also
Raspberry Pi, and so this is the time to sells capacitor kits to restore older tube- ± Until next time, 73 de KØNEB

Attention Southern Ham Radio Instructors:
If you’re actively teaching ham radio

licensing classes, or think you want
to become an instructor, you’ll want
to make sure you’re at the
Huntsville HamFest
Saturday, August 20,
from 10:00 am to 1:00 pm.
That’s the date and time Gordon West,
WB6NOA, will be presenting his “No longer must I hassle personally buying books, selling
and mailing them to the students, and working up my own
Ham Instructor Academy. homework for our upcoming classroom sessions. Gordo
Gordo – named Instructor of the Year by and the W5YI Group handles it all for me!” comments ham
instructor Don Wilson, N9ZGE.
the ARRL – will share his secrets and To learn more about the HamInstructor.com program,
demos on how to teach successful new attend one of Gordo’s scheduled Academy sessions, or
contact him directly at 714-549-5000. Or go on-line to
ham and upgrade amateur radio courses. www.haminstructor.com to learn more about benefits of
Gordo’s program.
best!
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The W5YI Group P.O. Box 200065 Arlington, TX 76006-0065 When ordering, mention this CQ ad for a free gift. CQ
the ham notebook / 8/ *"/"- 9Ê79 Ê9"-I]ÊÈ7<
*Ài«>À}Ê>Ê,>`Ê*ÀiVÌÃ
vÀÊ>Ê>iÀÊ>Ài
A
s I write this installment of The Ham Note- to remind people this “new Maker Movement” is
book, I am under a huge amount of self- not really a new idea. Read my LinkedIn Publish
imposed pressure to complete a long list of post called “The Original Makers” to learn more
projects and other articles for the upcoming Bay about this.
Area Maker Faire. I decided to combine my efforts We also want to show everyone that ham radio
and complete two projects with this one article. technology changes with the times, and continues
Regular readers of this column know that I have to include both past and present to accomplish
been participating in maker events in throughout one thing: Creating ways to communicate voice
California. And my team’s theme over the last five and data over the ether, without wires.
years is “Not Your Grandpa’s Ham Radio,” since
the idea is to demonstrate a different angle to the The Projects
term “demonstration station.” The “anchor project” from past events is my 10-
GHz transverter system (Photo A). This station is
Our Maker Faire Mission used to demonstrate and explain frequency mul-
Our mission is to change the image of ham radio, tiplication and division, frequency up-conversion
making it both contemporary and chic in a hi-tech (transmitting), down-conversion (receiving),
way. We also want to emphasize how ham radio polarization, and antenna directivity to non-hams
can be used for science and technology educa- and even children. Since this rig is a real, working
tion and a possible career path for youngsters. contest station, I try to keep it in good working
Amateur radio has included teaching-learning- order. At the last Maker Faire, I noticed one of the
making-modifying-hacking and networking (mak- LEDs was not working. I took a quick look to see
ing new friends) for over a hundred years. We want what happened (see Photo B). Fortunately, it was
not anything serious, and was just a bad “light.”
Projects under construction include something
* Email: kh6wz@cq-amateur-radio.com for little kids. Although the box shown in Photo C
LinkedIn: is not a radio, it gives kids something to do, and
http://www.linkedin.com/in/wayneTyoshida should be rugged enough to last at least one show.
Photo A. My 10-GHz transverter system is the Not Photo B. Since my 10-GHz station is my main
Your Grandpa’s Ham Radio “anchor” display. It is contest radio, and not only a Maker Faire exhib-
used to show and explain radio transmitter-receiv- it, I try to keep it fully operational. Here is the unit
er and propagation to non-technical visitors. under repair.

If it breaks, it can be cheaply repaired. need to figure out how to enable it with
It has switches, buttons, and lights. It is just a switch. Maybe something to add
a simple “electronic lock” using a four- for next year’s event.
number combination — or “password.” The lightning detector project shown in
The switches are connected in series Photo D is actually a low-frequency (300
and only one path completes the circuit kHz) radio receiver. It can also detect
to light some LEDs. I thought I would Tesla coil output. Tesla coils radiate in a
add a funny sound, using a voice box range from about 50 kHz to 1 MHz. The
hacked out of a McDonald’s Happy lightning detector circuits and inspiration NEVER ACCEPT SECOND BEST
Meal toy, but I discovered the electric come from Charles Wenzel’s website FOR YOUR TOWER PROJECT!
unit inside is sound activated, and I called TechLib (short for Technical GO WITH THE ORIGINAL -
DESIGNED & MANUFACTURED
IN THE USA
WWW.ROHNNET.COM
DISTRIBUTORS ON
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SALES@ROHNNET.COM
ADVANCED SPECIALTIES INC.

Orders/Quotes 1-800-926-9HAM
ÜÜÜ°>`Û>Vi`Ã«iV>ÌiÃ°iÌ
Ê" Ê
/"
VX-8DR
Quad Band
Submersible
Hand Held
FT-7900R
Dual-Band Mobile
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Photo C. This “electronic lock” is not a radio, but it hopefully will give some small AMATEUR RADIO EQUIPMENT &
kids something to touch and feel while their older siblings are looking at other ACCESSORIES • SCANNERS
ANLI • COMET • TYT • UNIDEN • YAESU
items on display.
(201)-VHF-2067
114 Essex Street, Lodi, NJ 07644
Closed Sunday & Monday
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Designed and narrated by
Dr. Jessica Parks, an expert
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Photo D. The lightning detector is still under construction. This is a “dry fit” of the
circuit boards into the display housing.
Visit Skilman .com
to get started

HOT Summer
Savings at
the CQ Store
฀ ฀ ฀
by Lew McCoy, W1ICP
Unlike many technical
publications, Lew presents
his invaluable antenna info
in a casual, non-intimidating
way for anyone!

CD Version $14.95
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
฀ ฀
฀ ฀ Photo E. Looks like there is plenty of “project room” inside the TV cabinet after
removing most of the circuitry but leaving the power supply and speakers.
by W3ASK, N4XX & K6GKU
A shortwave propagation
Library). Take a look at his site; it is filled what sections could be hacked apart.
book with information on
sunspot activity, propagation
with many very interesting projects. Only the power supply and speakers will
predictions, unusual My version is being built into a broken become part of the lighting detector.
propagation effects and do-it- LCD TV case (Photo E). At first, I As I started to build this project, I
yourself forecasting tips. thought I could use the existing power noticed a circuit for a lightning simula-
supply, infrared remote, and audio tor, needed to test the finished detec-
8.5 X 11 Paperback $19.95 amplifier-speaker system as part of the tor. I decided to stop construction and
CD Version $14.95 lightning detector. Unfortunately, the build the test instrument. It is a low-fre-
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ TV set is mostly multiple-function ICs quency, low-level oscillator, and is
and I decided not to take the time to see shown in Photo F. Because there is not
฀
By Juergen A. Weigl, OE5CWL
Single- and Multi-Element
Directive Antennas
for the Low Bands
With calculations and
practical experience, this book
shows which basi
concepts have to be
considered for sloper
antennas for the low bands.
CD Version $18.95
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀

CN/FN add $25 for 1st item, $10 for 2nd and $5 for each
additional. Buy Both=single item!
CQ The Radio
Amateur's Journal
Phone 516-681-2922
FAX 516-681-2926 Photo F. Front view of the lightning simulator. It is a simple low-frequency, low-
power oscillator.

a good chance for lightning during the loscope, so I had to build another pro-
Maker Faire, and the building we nor- ject. My new audio signal injector/trac-
mally occupy is concrete and steel, it er (Photo G) is built into a broken digi- Now an Authorized Yaesu Dealer
would be good to have something to tal multimeter cabinet, shown in Photo
simulate lightning so the detector — and H. The injector/tracer is not a new con-
the people watching the unit — will have cept; I re-invented the wheel here. The
See Us At
something to “see.” injector is a simple 555-waveform gen- Boxboro
September 9-11
Since the simulator output pulses are erator from a kit I had in my junk draw-
very short and at a low frequency, it is er and the tracer portion is an audio
difficult to see them on an analog oscil- amplifier hacked out of a computer
Photo G. A new KH6WZ test instrument for my bench: An audio injector-tracer.
N8XJK
Boosters
TG Electronics Regulators
Boost 9 Volts up to 15 Volts DC!

Boost, Filter and Regulate your DC Power!
Custom Boosters and options are available!
We have units to supply 30 Amps up to 120 Amps!
Photo H. A look inside the audio injector-tracer. It is built from some junk Check out: www.tgelectronics.org
Call Tim @906 370-5031
drawer items, but is a handy piece of audio test gear. Email: timig@email.com
Made in the USA

Photo I: Parts for a lightweight APRS beacon, destined for a high-altitude balloon Photo K. A DVB-T satellite TV USB
launch someday. dongle is the heart of a “virtual air traf-
fic control” receiving station.
Photo J. An ADS-B receiver is so easy to make, but can certainly be an interesting radio-related display for a Maker Faire.

Photo L. My “defcon light tool box” can
be used to safely and securely charge
cameras, cellphones, HTs, and other
items during the show.
amplifier-speaker system, also from the

junk drawer. I tested the lightning sim-
ulator with the signal tracer (audio
amplifier) — and it works.
A miniature APRS beacon (Photo I) is
also under construction. Ultimately, it
will be a payload for a high-altitude bal-
loon. All parts are selected to be as light
as possible, including the 2-meter radio.
It is an old HT with all unnecessary parts
removed, including the battery pack.
The radio, GPS, and APRS interface
will be powered with one battery. The
interface (TinyTrak SMT) and piano
wire dipole (Micro-Trak VHF Antenna
V6) are available from Byonics. The
GPS board is available from Adafruit
Industries. If you want to build a high-
References:
altitude balloon project, make sure the
Maker Faire Information
GPS unit is rated for high-altitude appli-
This is my favorite way to explain what a Maker Faire is all about, captured by
cations. The module I am using is rated
a quadcopter:
to 60,000 feet. However, some high-alti-
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wlw4qRJ5YZo>
tude balloons have achieved over
78,000 feet. “The Original Makers”
An Automatic Dependent Surveillance <http://bit.ly/24O22Y2>
Broadcast (ADS-B) receiving station is
shown in Photo J. ADS-B is the next gen- “A Critical Need: Our Next Generation of Technical Experts”
eration in air traffic control, to replace or <http://bit.ly/1VTbUdX>
supplement ground-based radar. Each
aircraft transmits identification, GPS Visit my WordPress blog site to see some examples of Maker Faire — and
position, flight information and other other projects:
data. It really is not much of a con- <https://wayne-yoshida-kh6wz.com>
struction project, since the USB dongle
(Photo K) and the notebook computer Tesla Coil
(with a free downloaded application) do <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_coil>
all the work. Similar to the lightning
detector, the ADS-B receiver has sim- Lightning Detector Projects
ulated images stored in the computer, Charles Wenzel’s Technical Library - TechLib
since the building effectively blocks sig- <http://bit.ly/1Wp9PX1>
nals from coming into the receiver.
One of my strange projects appears Byonics TinyTrack APRS Beacons
in Photo L. It is a steel tool box with an <http://www.byonics.com/>
industrial stack light (“defcon light”)
mounted to its side. Household switch- Adafruit Industries - GPS Module
es and a dimmer are used to control the <https://www.adafruit.com/>
lights individually. Inside is an AC two-
gang outlet box and a pair of recepta- Amateur Radio High Altitude Ballooning (ARHAB)
cles. It can be used to charge cell- <http://www.arhab.org/>
phones, cameras, and other items, and
can be locked to keep the items inside ADS-B Dongles - Digital Video Broadcast – Terrestrial (DVB-T) Dongles
safe. It might require a cooling fan, but <http://bit.ly/1QYCoT3>
we will see. An improvement might be
to control the lights so they indicate “The Radios at Not Your Grandpa’s Ham Radio, 2015 San Diego Maker Faire
state of battery charge or something – Part 1”
more interesting. <http://bit.ly/1VTcKqV>
How about you? Have you visited or
displayed at a Maker Faire? If you did, “The Radios at Not Your Grandpa’s Ham Radio, 2015 San Diego Maker Faire
let us know how it went. – Part 2 of 2”
± 73, Wayne, KH6WZ <http://bit.ly/1Xlg2ml>

BY GORDON WEST, WB6NOA
Gordo’s short circuits 1ÌÀ>}ÌÜi}Ì]Ê}Ê,ÕÌi]
>ÌÌiÀiÃ
W
hile Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Other manufacturers may rate their battery
battery technology for motor starting appli- capacity as “lead-acid equivalent,” intended solely
cations has been around for a few years, for short bursts of current to start a motorcycle
a Southern California company called Bioenno engine. The deep cycle Bioenno Power batteries
Power now uses it to manufacture portable light- provide a much larger number of cells to achieve
weight battery packs specifically for amateur radio the capacity required to power ham radio equip-
applications (Photo A). ment and other electronics.
Kevin Zanjani, KI6DHQ, with Bioenno Power, has We tested this extraordinary lightweight battery,
been making the ham radio club rounds, as well as rated at 12 volts at 15 amp hours. It easily ran a
conventions, demonstrating the advantages of 100-watt HF transceiver for many hours. For the
Lithium Iron Phosphate battery systems, specifi- Elecraft KX3, either a 6 amp-hour or 9 amp-hour
cally for ham radio ham portable and/or emergency Bioenno Power battery will work very well.
portable or emergency backup battery operations. “I did some testing using my 100-watt Elecraft and
“Our Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries are inher- the 12 volt/12 amp-hour battery, and did a fair
ently safer than Lithium Ion. Lithium Iron Phosphate amount of transmitting for over four hours,” com-
batteries will not explode, will not give off gas, and ments Tracy Lenocker, WA6ERA.
offer 2,000 charge cycles versus 300 charge cycles “The voltage held up fine on transmit. I also test-
for the sealed lead acid batteries,” states Zanjani. ed the deep-cycle Bioenno batteries with an MFJ
The Bioenno Power deep cycle LiFePO4 bat- voltage conditioner but the conditioner was not
teries are rated at true capacity, allowing the user needed. I plan to purchase some of Bioenno’s super-
to extract more than 90% of the actual rating list- ultra capacitors to build something like the MFJ unit.
ed on battery. Ultra-lightweight, these batteries weigh only a quar-
ter as much as the lead-acid type of battery. Best of
*CQ Contributing Editor, all, this new technology is perfect for hiking and oper-
2414 College Dr., Costa Mesa, CA 92626 ating portable in the national parks and everywhere
e-mail: <wb6noa@cq-amaeur-radio.com> else,” comments Tracy.
Photo A. Bioenno batteries include Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) models that provide high
current and high reliability with low weight.

The Lithium Iron Phosphate technol-
4XDOLW\
QSK, llc
ogy can also take a fast recharge of up
to half the battery capacity ampere rat- $PDWHXU5DGLR
ing. This technology is also TSA $FFHVVRULHV
approved, allowing you to place two bat-
teries in carry-on luggage, totaling up to
160 watt-hours.
Each 12-volt Lithium Iron Phosphate
unit from Bioenno Power also includes
the company’s proprietary protection
circuit module (PCM), encapsulated
within the battery pack (Photo B). This
module guards against short circuits,
over-voltage, and over-current charge
or discharge. This module works so well
that, with my experimenting with the
Bioenno Power portable solar panel,
the panel intentionally tripped the cir- TP-1 USKI-5
cuit. An unconnected solar panel nor- 7KH8OWLPDWH3DGGOH 8QLYHUVDO6HTXHQFHU .H\LQJ,QWHUIDFH
mally puts out between 18 and 20 volts, 5XJJHG 70$46.$PS6ZLWFKLQJHWF"
until loaded down by a connected bat- +LJK3HUIRUPDQFH 8VHWKH9HUVDWLOH6HTXHQFHU
tery. The PCM instantly took the bat-
teries out of circuit, sensing too high
voltage on the input. As soon as I www.qskllc.com
switched over to the optional solar con-
troller, all was well.
For 100-watt high frequency ham
radio applications, the 12-volt/12 Ah or 1(:1(:1(:
:HVWRFNWKHQHZUXJJHG)5((6&$/(.:WUDQVLVWRUDQG
12-volt/15 Ah works great, and Bioenno SDUWVIRUWKH0DQG-0+]DPSOLILHUGHVLJQV
bundles an AC to DC charger with these
packages. If you want to stay on the
mountaintop all day with 100 watts,
bring along the Bioenno folding flexible COAX WIRE
+)%URDGEDQG RF Transformers
solar panel, and go with the 12-volt/20 5)7UDQVIRUPHUV
TC-12 TC-18
TC-20 TC-22 Type “U”
Ah battery and the regulator. WR0+]
TC-24 2 to 300MHz
The nominal individual cell voltage is +)$PSOLILHUV
:HVWRFNWKHFRPSOHWHSDUWVOLVW &RPPXQLFDWLRQ HF Power
3.2 volts DC, but it is charged at 3.65 DQG3&ERDUGVIRUWKH0RWRUROD
volts DC per cell, or 14.6 volts DC for

DPSOLILHUGHVLJQVIHDWXUHGLQ &RQFHSWV,QF 6SOLWWHU&RPELQHUV
WR0+]
WKHLU$SSOLFDWLRQ1RWHVDQG
(QJLQHHULQJ%XOOHWLQV 0LOOVWRQH'ULYH%HDYHUFUHHN2+-
the entire pack. The pack will rest (PDLOFFLGD\WRQ#SRER[FRP 3RUW
36&-/:3(3
around 13.2 volts DC. We yakked on $1/: $1: ZZZFRPPXQLFDWLRQ-FRQFHSWVFRP 36&-+:3(3
HF for several hours before we needed $1+: $5:

3KRQH- 3RUW
$1: $5: )$;- 36&-/:3(3
a recharge. For those exploring freez- (%$: (%: 36&-+:3(3
(%$: $5: In Business for 37 Years 36&-+:3(3
ing weather, this technology operates
at temperatures down to 14° F, great for
ice-fishing applications in winter.
Finally, we are assured these batter-
ies won’t catch fire, like what we saw in
the news from overseas products with
the reported fake UL listing sticker!
To see all of the other neat products
from this ham radio friendly company,
go to <www.BioennoPower.com>.
Promote and Program

At a recent ham radio state convention,
members of the local radio club were
positioned just outside the VE test room
(Photo C). They were able to congratu-
late the brand new and upgrading hams
as they exited, and were getting club
signups right on the spot! Also this club
was promoting multiple repeaters in the
area, and providing free programming
for the Chinese handhelds!
With dual-band Chinese HTs, selling
for as little as $29.95 on Amazon, in

what’s new hand, these brand new hams were wel-
comed to club membership and offered
an ARRL specialty convention held in
the southwest Arizona desert concur-
free handheld radio programming on rently with one of the country’s largest
the spot! RV shows just a few miles away.
Most volunteer examiner teams are The Arizona Amateur Radio Asso-
delighted to have this kind of follow-up ciation, a youth-led amateur radio club,
just outside the test room doors. What a saw 15 school students pass the 2016
great way to build club membership! And Technician Class exam on site.
a great way to turn a “locked down” Part While RVers from around the coun-
90 Chinese handheld into a viable ham try made camp at Quartzfest, there
transceiver with multiple active repeat- was plenty of room for tent campers as
ers programmed for the new user. well as daytime visiting hams to take
in the multiple ham radio seminars all
Q-Fest Success week long.
Quartzfest 2016 last January saw New for Quartzfest’s 20th anniversary
record attendance with an increase of next January are more seminars
230% over the prior year. Quartzfest is designed to complement the ham radio
Kenwood Teases New D-STAR &

APRS Triband Handheld
at Dayton
Kenwood announced at the Dayton
Hamvention that it will manufacture a new
D-STAR and APRS compliant tri-band
handheld.
Covering the 144/220/430-MHz bands,
the new handheld radio will pack a GPS
receiver in the small radio that will use
packet-transfer communication to trans-
mit real-time GPS location information
and messages to the APRS network.
In addition, Kenwood said that the hand-
held, which does not have a model num-
ber as of presstime, would be compliant
with D-STAR digital amateur networks. Photo B. Bioenno’s LiFePO4 battery packs come with a built-in Protection Circuit
Kenwood said the new HT will sport a Module (PCM) to reduce the risk of damage from short circuits or overcharging.
“transflective” color TFT display and will
be constructed with a weatherproof case
that will meet IP54/55 standards.
On the receiving end, the new handheld
will be equipped with an IF filter for com-
fortable reception of CW/SSB signals. It
will also offer wideband and multi-mode
reception like Kenwood’s popular TH-
F6A handheld tribander and feature a
high-performance DSP-voice processor.
Bluetooth compliance will be built-in to
the new handheld as well as a slot for a
micro-SD card and a micro-USB port.
As of presstime, Kenwood has not
released a production schedule or pricing
for the new handheld. For more informa-
tion contact: JVCKenwood USA Corp.,
Communications Sector Headquarters,
3970 John Creek Court, Suite 100,
Suwanee, GA 30024-1265. Phone: (310)
639-4200 (option 4, option 1). Website:
<http://www.kenwood.com/usa>.
฀ “What’s New” is not a product review

and does not constitute a product endorse-
ment by CQ. Information is primarily provided Photo C. A VE session, followed by a club welcome, can help boost club
by manufacturers/vendors and has not nec- membership and get new hams on the air.
essarily been independently verified.

radio topic this coming year. Write to:
<QPC@Quartzfest.org> with your sem-
inar ideas!
From Steel to Aluminum!

When your fellow hams say they have
a US Tower antenna structure, you
might envision hundreds of pounds for
the company’s crank-up mast or a thou-
sand pounds plus for the crank-up tow-
ers. But at the recent Nevada state con-
vention in Las Vegas, we saw the latest
lightweights from US Tower, the
Aluminum Light Mast (ALM – see Photo
E) with a weight of 100 pounds or less!
“Our ALM Series 31 extends to 31 feet
with a built-in pivot Clevis for easy tilt-up,
and a universal rotor mount plate,” com-
ments a company spokesperson. “This
five-section, 31-foot telescopic mast
Photo D. Quartzfest alternate activities hit pay dirt. Here, W6MCJ demonstrates retracts to 7 feet, weighs just over 100
panning for gold. pounds, and the high-ratio winch allows
a ham to nest the antenna and mast
activities on scene. A few alternate (BYOMachine). There might even be a when not in use — great for homeown-
offerings are desert gold prospecting cookie or craft exchange or movie night! er association antenna restrictions.”
(Photo D), RV maintenance, telescopes As you can see, planning is well Instead of tubular round, the entire
and star-gazing, easy off-roading underway for Quartzfest 2017. Look at mast’s grooved flat areas (Photo F)
adventure, quartz crystal treasure hunt- <www.Quartzfest.org> to see the fun, offer high strength to weight capabili-
ing, genealogy, cast iron cookery, a lit- and volunteer to be on a committee or ties. See for yourself at <www.us
tle flea market, and easy quilting to be a featured speaker on your favorite tower.com>.
Photo F. Close-up view of the US Tower Aluminum Light

Mast (ALM). Note the design of the tubing with grooved flat
areas instead of the traditional round surface. The company
Photo E. New lightweight push-up masts from US Tower are says the change offers a higher strength-to-weight ratio for
made from aluminum. its lightweight support structures.

magic in the sky BY JEFF REINHARDT, AA6JR
ÀiÊ>ÜÃÊ/>Ê*ÞÃVÃÊ
>
VV`>Ìi
A
s early as elementary school, one begins to refer to the manual has been superseded and is
come to grips with the laws of science, no longer supported by the manufacturer.
which unlike speed limits, are not subject to Dysfunctional Corollary: Existing reliable tech-
being ignored, bent, stretched or adjusted. nologies will be replaced by newer less reliable
For example, we’ve come to know that energy developments. (e.g. adjacent public safety agen-
can neither be created nor destroyed, light has a cies that formerly used wideband FM and could talk
speed limit that cannot be exceeded and, as the to each other. Now they use encoded, encrypted,
coyote in the Road Runner cartoons never really and/or proprietary digital radios and can’t — or
learned, gravity always works. won’t — communicate with the agency next door.)
However, as mere mortals, we continue to probe But somehow, this is viewed as “better.”
the limits of science and physics. That has result- The Data “Big Bang” Law: Without regard to
ed in the discovery of several more “laws” and the actual amount of computer storage you cur-
corollaries that govern our lives, sometimes to our rently have, it is inadequate.
detriment. Lightning and Banditry Corollary: Upon enter-
Perhaps the most famous is referred to as ing your facility, it seeks the expensive stuff first.
Murphy’s Law, “If anything can go wrong, it will.” The Laws of Power Grid Operations: Power
What you may not know is that there are many is most likely to fail a millisecond before you click
more derivatives that apply to the radio arts which to “Save” a piece that took untold hours and tran-
may add to your wisdom, personal or monetary sitory flashes of brilliance to create. After having
enrichment, or perhaps your lifespan. Applying composed an ill-advised, angry or misdirected
these additional measures may, at the very least, email, power will never fail before you click “Send.”
help avoid a decrease in any of the items referred Amateur Radio Contesting Law: Contest
to in the previous sentence. weekends are scheduled to coordinate with the
But before dispensing any advice, the crack CQ timing of your next-door neighbor’s tree removal
Legal Department has mandated the following and roof replacement contractors.
disclaimer: Amateur Radio Equipment Law: The radio of
your dreams is on back order.
“Following any advice written by the author of Magic Law of Cascading Economics: The expensive
In The Sky is done solely at the risk of the reader. piece of gear will melt just before the 60¢ fuse
In fact, just by going this far, it’s too late for you to blows.
claim anything but ignorance. And if you try to sue Law of HF Propagation: You should have been
us anyway, we suggest acting as your own attor- on the air last week.
ney, which makes our jobs much easier.” Field Day Operation Laws:
Your tent will be 10-feet distant from the end of
Now that you’re on notice, let’s proceed. your coax cable.
Your extra coax cable can be found in the box
Things I Wish I’d Known Sooner on your workbench at home.
Consumer Technology Law: If you own it, it’s Your five-year battery just celebrated its sixth
obsolete, dated, defective, imperfect, broken or is birthday.
about to break, has undiscovered vulnerabilities You will break a delicate and critical connec-
to hackers (that will soon be discovered), causes tion that can only be soldered.
interference to your other equipment, adversely You were supposed to drain the old fuel from
affects your neighbor’s life-sustaining medical your generator after last year’s event.
equipment, and may be toxic to anything that You were supposed to know the pull-cord that
comes in contact with it. starts the generator could break.
Technological Development Corollary: Refer A distant rumble of thunder will be heard at
to the item above. If you own it, it was built by 1801 UTC Saturday.
humanoids, which through several centuries of This year’s 100-point ARRL Field Day Message
trial and error, and mostly error, have proven them- was written by Tolstoy.
selves to be unreliable and often self-destructive. The storm front and the local newspaper
If you doubt this corollary, I submit governance reporter you invited will arrive at the same time.
and your co-workers as two examples that sup- The park ranger will have no record of the per-
port the axiom. mit you obtained several weeks ago.
Functional Technology Law: Any piece of Your club’s FD captain will assign you to work
equipment that you’ve come to love, rely on, and the busy 1.2-GHz CW mode from midnight to 3
mastered its operations without now having to a.m. The only contact you make will be a dupe.
Guidance for Moving Ahead

*5904 Lake Lindero Drive, Agoura Hills, CA 91301
e-mail: <aa6jr@cq-amateur-radio.com> Retailer’s law: Have a spare everything.

Do fish have to worry about developing a stomach
cramp by swimming right after they eat?
Did anyone ever pay the full retail price first mentioned
for an item that was offered on an infomercial?
Should I be worried because I saw “Brain Surgery for
Dummies” offered at my local bookstore?
Was I listening to a dead band, or was I an unwitting
participant in an 80-meter roundtable for mimes?
Is it legal for hams to exchange May Day greetings with
one another each year?
Is there a way to make money by having people in India
call me for advice?
Where do they deposit the daylight saved during the
summer months?
After a long day at work, do people in China send out
for American? And if you’re in France, do you just
order “onion soup?”
While many of these thoughts may not be unique, they’re
offered in the spirit of having a bit of fun. With so much seri-
ous stuff going on in the world, we all have the opportunity
to occasionally push back the clouds with a bit of mirth.
Questions for the Universe Kudos to you if you choose to brighten the ham bands with
Since we’re dealing in truisms, guidance, wisdom and even some good humor, enjoyable exchanges, and being that
a bit of self-preservation, perhaps some of these questions “great contact” others hope to make again somewhere down
will inspire talented CQ readers to discover answers that may the log.
improve the planet’s knowledge base by some significant
measure:
What is the speed of dark? One More Law
Everything I like to eat is bad for me. Everything I don’t “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable
like is good for me. Why does our DNA contain this from magic.” –Arthur C. Clark
design flaw? Can’t anyone design kale that tastes That’s probably why it’s still so darn much fun to key up and
like pizza? What about a beer smoothie? put a little Magic In The Sky. – 73, Jeff, AA6JR

digital connection BY DON ROTOLO,* N2IRZ
ÃÌ>ÌÊ}Ì>
I
f you have never worked a digital mode, this able for download at <http://www.digipan.net/>. If
month’s column is for you. The digital age is well you find you enjoy using DigiPan and want to try
upon us, but perhaps you’re one of those who other digital modes (or if you aren’t running
hasn’t taken the plunge yet. It’s been a long while Windows), see the sidebar for two programs I rec-
since we’ve taken a look at setting up a digital sta- ommend as a next step.
tion from scratch, so we’ll do that this month.
Most HF digital activity is keyboard-to-keyboard Installation
chats and ragchews, with a good chunk of it using After downloading DigiPan 2.0, run the .EXE file
the PSK31 mode. It’s narrowband (31 Hz), works (Figure 1) and click “next” a few times as direct-
well with weak signals and noise, and it’s easy to ed. The defaults are all OK, except be sure that
find activity. On VHF, packet is still popular but “Create a desktop icon” is checked when you see
many other modes (including digital voice) com- that choice. On my computer, installation took
pete for attention there. I’m going to focus on HF about one second after I clicked “Install.”
digital and PSK31, since if you get that up and run- After launching DigiPan, the first thing is to type
ning, nearly all of the other digital modes use the in your callsign, name, and location (QTH), as
same setup. shown in Figure 2. After clicking OK, DigiPan
should be almost ready to go. If you get an error
Easy Setup message (mine said “Sound card in use or does
³My station isn’t set up for digital” is no excuse. not exist”), click on the Configure menu. In my
What’s the word for easier than easy? Trivial, case, I hadn’t connected the radio cable yet, and
maybe? Yeah, that’s it: Trivial. Just download the error went away once I did.
some software, which almost installs itself, hook
up an audio cable from the radio to the computer Listen First
(or even just use the computer’s microphone), and To listen — which is a good way to start out — just
you can listen — all in under 10 minutes. OK, run a patch cable from the headphone output of
maybe 15 — it takes me 5 minutes alone to get up the radio to the microphone input on the back of
after fiddling behind the computer these days. the computer. If you’re not sure which one that is,
Old? No, just creaky. look for a symbol of either a microphone or a dia-
Anyway, PSK31 software: For this month’s col- mond shape with an arrow pointing in. I used a
umn, let’s keep it simple and use DigiPan, avail- flashlight to see the tiny symbols behind the com-
puter. With the radio connected and on, you should
see the noise graphically on the “waterfall” display.
* c/o CQ magazine Here’s a neat trick: If you just can’t connect the
e-mail: <N2IRZ@cq-amateur-radio.com> radio to the computer, just use the computer’s
Figure 1: The
DigiPan install
wizard. Like most any
software, DigiPan
nearly installs itself,
and it takes about a
second. You should
be OK with all of the
defaults, but have the
wizard create a
desktop icon for you.

you can press the right or left arrow keys, and DigiPan will
tune over to the next signal it finds if it is strong enough.
Then Transmit
At this point, you’ve got all the basics done. If you want to
actually transmit, there are three more things you need to
do: First, get transmit audio from the computer to the radio.
Second, set the transmit audio level so you don’t over-
modulate, this is important! Last, find a way to control your
Push-To-Talk line on the radio using the computer. My rec-
ommendation is to go online and order a computer-to-radio
interface. I use a Rascal GLX from Buck Rogers, K4ABT,
($80) <https://packetradio.com/catalog/> which has a
USB interface, but West Mountain Radio <http://www.
westmountainradio.com>, MFJ <http://www.mfjenterprises.
com>, Tigertronics <http://www.tigertronics.com>, and oth-
ers have a wide variety of options for any budget. Look on
the internet and you can even build one in a half hour.
Figure 2: Before you can use DigiPan, you have to fill in the Cool Features
configuration information in this window. It pops up the first While you’re waiting for the rig interface to show up, play
time you run the program. You can update this at any time around with DigiPan’s many features. Let’s have a look:
using the Configuration menu. If you find yourself in a part of the band with multiple PSK31
signals, you can toggle into and out of multi-channel decod-
ing mode by pressing F12. In this mode, the main signal
microphone to listen to the ambient sound, and turn up the you’re decoding (and the frequency on which you’ll transmit)
radio volume to a comfortable level. DigiPan will happily is indicated by the diamond, and the text appears in the sin-
decode PSK31 like that. (On a related note: There’s an app gle-channel text box (top left), while the text decoded from
for that: Both Android and Apple have apps that will listen to each of the signals on the display appears in the multi-chan-
and decode PSK31 for you. I haven’t found one to transmit nel box, one line per signal, top right. To change to another
yet, but that shouldn’t be too long). signal, you can also click on the line in the multi-channel box
The next thing is to find a PSK31 signal. It is a quite popu- — this copies the text over to the single-channel window and
lar mode, so this shouldn’t be too difficult, but it helps to know moves the diamond marker.
what you’re looking for, where and how to look. My person- One neat feature is the ability to double-click a callsign in
al favorite is 40 meters: There’s a watering hole around 7070 the single-channel window (this does not work in the multi-
kHz where there always seems to be plenty of activity. In gen- channel window) which captures the callsign so it can be
eral, look near the upper half of the CW portion of the band. used with the macros and in the log.
Before we get into the macros, let’s look at some lesser-
OK, Stop Listening Now ... known features, such as the alert system. While you’re mon-
If you’re trying to find a PSK31 signal, you need to use your itoring, DigiPan will change the color (which you select) of a
eyes as well as your ears. As you tune across the band at line in the multi-channel window if it detects a certain text
about 2 kHz per second, you listen for tones rising or falling string (which you also select), such as a CQ call. You can
in frequency (depending on which direction you are tuning) set this in the Configure / Colors / Multichannel menu.
and, as those tones reach a moderate frequency (maybe 1 Another feature is the ability to bookmark specific signals
kHz, wherever you stop after first hearing it), you pause in in the multi-channel display. From the View menu, select
tuning for a split second, to look and identify the signal on the Bookmarks so it is checked. Then, if a signal is interesting,
waterfall display. right-click it on the waterfall display to add a marker that cor-
You can see and hear Morse code pretty easily, and birdies responds to the display line. This can get a bit messy at times,
in the receiver (in my shack, caused by the computer) show so use it carefully, and don’t be afraid to switch it off.
up as fairly pure tones. PSK31 has a warbling quality, which Bookmarks disappear automatically after a few seconds of
I compare to ultra-fast Morse code. You can hear a sample inactivity (you can also configure the duration using the
at <http://bit.ly/1JQKNd3> (just scroll down a little). On the Configure / Multichannel inactivity timeout menu).
waterfall display, you’ll see a pair of lines, separated by just You can also set markers to appear at up to five specific
a fraction of an inch (corresponding to 31 Hz) that are either frequencies on the waterfall display, using the Configure /
very clean or a bit wobbly. Figure 3 shows these, but in prac- Markers menu. This places thin red lines at the selected fre-
tice, the signals will be more distinct and numerous. Other quencies on the waterfall display.
modes are wider, and have a distinct pattern to them. Once DigiPan also has a built-in logging feature. Although not quite
you’ve decided what kind of signal it is, you can either move contest-quality, it’s more than adequate for keeping track of
on (not PSK31) or tune it in carefully and see who it is. You causal QSOs. Double-clicking what looks like a callsign drops
can also turn off the speaker (assuming you’re using the patch it into the callsign field, and double-clicking what looks like a
cable) at this point, since hearing a signal doesn’t add any name drops that text into the name field. As you use the
benefit after you’ve found it. macros, the text from these fields can be included, which saves
Once you find a signal, tune it in by left-clicking on it with a lot of time. Saving the entry puts it into the log. You can also
the mouse. The little diamond at the top of the waterfall win- search the log for a callsign or add notes about the entry.
dow will slide over to the audio frequency where the mouse Macros are probably among the most useful features in
is pointing, and DigiPan will start to decode it. Alternatively, DigiPan. If you’re like me, you can type about 15 words per

minute, using two or three fingers. If it weren’t for macros, I’d (even if I’m not ready, so I have to be careful my fat fingers
be transmitting PSK31 so slowly, it would be almost painful don’t accidentally mash the keys…). In the macro edit box, I
to read. Think about it — PSK31 sends at about 3 charac- first type in the label I want to appear for this macro — CQ
ters per second, which translates to roughly 30 words per — and then I enter the macro itself. I enter the command to
minute, about twice as fast as I can type. Now, if you can switch into Transmit mode, then the text I want to send, and
type that fast, you’re all set, but for the rest of us hunt-n-peck finally the command to switch off the transmitter and enter
folks, those macros are a lifesaver. receive mode after clearing text from the receive window. My
There are 24 macros that can be set up in advance, and macro looks like this:
any time you press the corresponding macro key, that text is
dropped into the transmit buffer. There are buttons in DigiPan <TX>CQ CQ CQ DE <MYCALL> <MYCALL> <MYCALL>
that you can click on, and these correspond to the F keys at pse K <RXANDCLEAR>
the top of your keyboard. Twelve of the macros are the
straight F keys, and the other 12 are accessed by also hold- The text for <MYCALL> is configured in the Configure /
ing the <CTL> key. Personal Data menu (along with my name and QTH).
The most powerful part of the macro feature is the variables There are several common and useful macros you can
that can be used to customize what is being sent. For exam- define. To buy yourself some time, build a brag sheet, listing
ple, you can drop in your own callsign, the other station’s call- the basics of your station. To simplify the end of a transmis-
sign, the other fellow’s name, a dozen more variables and a sion, a “BTU” (Back To You) macro can send your callsign,
few dozen commands. Together, these make for a powerful the other station’s callsign (taken from the log entry window),
control system, relieving you of the burden of most of the sign the QSO back to the other station and go back to receive
mundane typing. mode. Once you’ve finished typing your regular message,
For example, let’s say I want to create a macro to call CQ. just mash the correct function key and sit back while the soft-
I go to the Configure / Fn macros menu and select F1 — this ware handles the transaction. I also have a New Call macro,
means my CQ macro will fire every time I press the F1 key which is used to respond back to a station calling CQ (send-
Figure 3: The main DigiPan window, in multi-mode. Top left shows the text being received from the chosen signal (in this
case, just above 2000 on the waterfall display), while top right shows the text from all the other signals within the
passband. See the text for more details.

what’s new
Elecraft Expands its KX line with New KX2
Elecraft has released an even smaller member of its popular
KX-line of transceivers with the introduction of the KX2 HF trans-
ceiver that it dubs an HF handheld.
Weighing in at 13 ounces and stuffed into a case measuring
only 5.8 x 2.8 x 1.5 inches, the KX2 is an 80-10 meter
SSB/CW/Digital transceiver that puts out 10 watts of power and
can fit in your pocket.
Elecraft has outfitted the KX2 with an internal 2.6-amp-hour
lithium-ion battery that has a current drain of 135mA, which the
company says provides users with an 8-hour battery life on a
single charge.
A rear tilt-foot built into the back of the transceiver provides
an optimal viewing angle on rugged terrain of the custom, high-
contrast liquid-crystal display with alphanumeric text display. Fast, silent, PIN-diode T-R switching results in no noisy relays
Low-profile knobs, feet, and buttons round out the compact case and DSP speech processing provides your voice with extra
design. “punch.” An 8-band transmitting equalizer tailors the passband
Inside the box, Elecraft went with a software-defined radio to your voice and microphone.
architecture and paired it with a 32-bit floating point DSP on the The KX2 also features a CW keyer with 8-50 WPM range; fast
receiving end. This allows the KX2 to offer dual receive over up full-break-in keying, and a built-in digital voice recorder (DVR)
to +/- 23 kHz for split DX operation. The radio also features with two message memories. RTTY and PSK data modes do
easy-to-use passband tuning (PBT) for shift/width/hi-cut/lo-cut; not require a PC to decode.
roofing filters that automatically track DSP filter settings and An optional KXPD2 keyer paddle with adjustable contact
auto-notch to remove interfering carriers. In addition, adjustable spacing is easily removable for transport. And an internal
noise reduction, noise blanking and stereo audio effect are automatic antenna tuner module can tune a random wire,
available on the receiving circuit. There is a built-in speaker and dipole, or whip.
mic if you would like to handle the KX2 as an HT and two 3.5- The Elecraft KX2 is available now with a suggested retail price
mm jacks for headphones, powered speakers, or mics. of $749.95. For more information, contact: Elecraft, 125
Sending your signals out into the ether is performed by a Westridge Drive, Watsonville, CA 95076. Phone: (831) 763-
rugged, SWR- and temperature-protected final amplifier stage. 4211. Website: <http://www.elecraft.com>.
ing my callsign three times, the other station’s twice), a Call

Next Step Software
macro which is almost the same as New Call, but sends each
callsign only once (to start off each time I send some text, but If you enjoyed DigiPan and PSK31, these two well-liked and
doesn’t start transmit mode), a Signoff macro which I use to highly-rated freeware programs are also trivial to set up and
end a QSO (I always thank the other fellow by name for the offer several different and useful digital modes. My favorite
QSO, send my 73 and callsign, then end the QSO with SK), is fldigi, since it has excellent EmComm capabilities and is
plus some shortcut keys such as one that toggles Transmit available for several operating systems. Get W1HKJ’s
and Receive, and one that clears all the text from the screen. fldigi from <http://www.w1hkj.com/>, or try F6CTE’s
Once you invoke a macro, that text (and any included com- MultiPSK from <http://f6cte.free.fr/index_anglais.htm>.
mand) is dropped into the transmit buffer, which is a type-
ahead buffer. This means that text (and commands) in the make the other fellow believe that I can actually type. Actually
buffer are sent (or executed) as fast as the transmit speed learning something about the other fellow, or the town or
allows (again, about three characters per second), but you county where he or she lives, is the most interesting part of
can certainly type whatever you want into the buffer as fast amateur radio for me. Sure, the details of your station are
as you like. If you’re quick, and there’s enough text in the also interesting, but not as much as the history of where you
buffer, you can even click and edit inside the buffer until it live, or what you do for a living, or … Well, you get the idea.
actually transmits those characters.
One of my techniques is to wait for the other fellow to start Closing
transmitting. I hit the Call macro, which pops his and my call-
sign into the TX buffer, then I read what he is typing and type I’m writing this well before Dayton, but my daughter’s college
out my own response — while still receiving his message. graduation is the same weekend (what are these colleges
Once the conversation is signed over to me, I toggle into thinking?), so I couldn’t make it once again this year. Dayton
transmit mode, and the text already in the buffer starts to go is closer to Atlanta than to New Jersey (and I live right along
out. By that time, I’m almost finished typing in my response I-75), so I’m hopeful for next year.
to his last few words — when I’m done, I hit the BTU macro I hope you enjoyed this month’s column, and if you actual-
to sign the QSO back over, then sit back and relax. ly tried this, let me know! Writing for you is a lonely sport
Even though I can only type about half as fast as PSK31 sometimes. I have no idea if anyone will actually be swayed
can send, this technique ensures there’s almost always by my pleadings, but that’s no reason to not try. But help a
something in the TX buffer that’s ready to go out. That way, guy out here. Send me a note to tell me what you think, or if
the other fellow doesn’t have to sit and wait as my message there’s something you’d like to see covered. I answer all my
comes through, one character at a time. I get to have an actu- emails, and check the P.O. box every week. Honest.
al ragchew (instead of just sending my brag sheet) and can – Until next time, 73 de N2IRZ

BY TONY EMANUELE,* WA8RJF
vhf plus /iÊ£Î
iÌiÌiÀÊ >`
(And the Scratchi Connection)
VHF Plus Calendar

Microwave Activity Day (MAD) Saturday July 2nd 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. local
DUBUS 5.7 GHz EME Contest July 2nd & 3rd
CQ World Wide VHF Contest July 16th & 17th
Central States VHF Society Conference July 28th to July 31st; Rochester, MN
UHF Contest August 6th & 7th
ARRL 10 GHz and Up Contest August 20th & 21st
Microwave Activity Day (MAD) Saturday September 3rd, 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. local
ARRL VHF Contest September 10th ± 12th
PNWVHFS Conference October 7th & 8th; Bend, OR
O
n and off over the past several months, this drawn from the amateur service and reallocated to
column has focused on one of the amateur direct satellite radio broadcasting. Within the band,
radio allocations of interest to the weak-sig- 2.390 to 2.417 GHz is domestically allocated to
nal operator in the VHF and above portion of the amateur radio on a primary basis while the remain-
spectrum. This month the spotlight is on the 13-cen- der is only available on a secondary basis. For the
timeter band1 which, in the U.S., is divided into two portion of the band that is allocated on a shared
spectrum slices: 2.300 to 2.310 GHz and 2.390 to basis with other services, amateurs may not cause
2.450 GHz. The segment in between was with- interference to and must accept interference from
other authorized users, as is the case with all shared
allocations. The band is authorized to all U.S. ama-
c/o CQ magazine teur radio licensees who hold a Technician or high-
e-mail: <wa8rjf@cq-amateur-radio.com> er-class license, or a Basic or higher Canadian
license.
An Early Post-War Allocation

On November 15, 1945, amateurs in the U.S. were
granted operating privileges at 2300 to 2450 MHz,
5250 to 5650 MHz, 10.0 to 10.5 GHz and 21.0 to
22 GHz. On that very day, Reuben Merchant,
W2LFG, and A. Harrison, W6BMS, made the first
QSO on 5300 MHz but it would be another six
months before Arthur Koch, W9WHM/2 (later
W2RMA2), and George Floyd, W6OJK/2, would
make the first QSO on the 2400-MHz band3. It took
a number of attempts but on April 29, 1946, they
made the first QSO over a 1.1-km/0.7-mile path.
The equipment included 2C40 lighthouse tube-
based transmitters and parabolic reflector for the
antennas. One antenna was made of wire screen-
ing attached to a wooden frame and the other was
an electric heater assembly in which a dipole was
substituted for the heating element.
As reported on the front page of the May 2nd 1946
edition of the Schenectady (NY) Gazette:
“Radio Hams First to Use Radar Band: The first
invasion by amateur radio operators of a broadcast
band used exclusively during the war by the army
and navy for radar work was accomplished here
yesterday by two engineers of the General Electric
Arthur Koch, then W9WHM/2, and George Co. electronics department. Using homemade
Floyd, W6OJK/2, made the first two-way ama- equipment, they completed the first two-way radio
teur contact on 2.4 GHz back in 1946 … over a telephone conversation on the 2300-2450 mega-
staggering distance of 1.1 kilometers, or 7/10 of cycle band between two buildings seven-tenths of
a mile. Both worked for General Electric in a mile apart in the Schenectady GE works. Just as
Schenectady, New York. (Photos courtesy of in television, radio waves in the new band are in a
Bill Koch, W2RMA) portion of the frequency spectrum where waves

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travel in straight lines. The band was ters of the American Radio Relay 1 star 0
* as of June 2016
turned over to “ham” operators shortly League and established that their con-
after the end of the war by the Federal tact was the first reported. Floyd’s The best study method, customer support,
Communications Commission.” “ham” call Is W6OJK/2, and Koch’s is and guarantee in the industry!
www.hamtestonline.com
The article went on to report: ³In con- W9WHM/2.”
trast to the 810 kilocycle broadcast fre- As was the case for all the bands above
quency used by a typical ‘standard’ sta- 1.2 GHz in the first few decades after
tion such as WGY4, the amateur World War II, the inhabitants were those /iÊ 7Ê <Ê
contact was made in the 2,400,000 kilo- pioneering early adopters ² amateurs -µÕ>ÀiÊ-ÌÊÌ
cycle zone. Contacts in this ultra-high- looking for a technical challenge as ÜÜÜ°iâ>}°V
frequency area were made possible by equipment was primarily converted sur- Suggestion from thousands
of HAM’s and Cable Installers
the use of “lighthouse” tubes, devel- plus, antennas were homebrew, and around the world, led to a
oped by General Electric for radar. The contacts were few and far between. The complete redesign of the
two electronics engineers who made first EME QSO on the 13-cm band was EZ Hang. Custom Designed
for YOU, the user in mind.
this first entry into the new band were made by Paul Wilson, W4HHK, and Now safer and easier to use, you
George H. Floyd and Arthur R. Koch. William Smith, W3GKP, in October will hit your mark every time, with
less chance of misfires or hitting the yoke.
The latter made his combined broad- 1970. By the mid-eighties, the 500-
casting and receiving instrument at mile/800-km barrier had been broken OVER 13,000 SOLD AROUND THE WORLD!
home, using ordinary mesh screen for terrestrially in North America and the
the parabolic reflector, and the bottom 600+/1,000-km path had been spanned x{äÓnÈä£ÇÈ
ÜÜÜ°iâ>}°V
of a tomato can as a reflector, on the in Europe from England to Sweden.
<Ê
end of the radar-type antenna. Floyd The advent of the single-board, no- ÎÓÊ*ÀViÃÃÊ>Ê
Ì°
developed his transmitter-receiver after tune transverter5 and the availability of Ài`iÀVÃLÕÀ}]Ê6ÊÓÓ{äÈ
he was convinced that his colleagues loop Yagis for the lower microwave
would operate successfully in the new bands help increase activity in the
frequency area. Experimentation cov- 1990s. Bare mixer front ends with noise
ered several months’ time. After the figures in excess of 7 dB gave way to
conversation they called the headquar- MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated
VISIT OUR STORE FOR DAILY

SPECIALS!
In 1954, Koch (by then holding W2RMA) was featured in the GE Ham
News … which also included a regular column by Floyd, writing as “Light-
house Larry.” Floyd also secretly wrote for CQ for many years, as the pen
behind the very popular “Scratchi” column.

is what I like to call an anchor station on
the band within 100 to 200 miles of a sta-
tion with an interest in that band. By
anchor station, I mean an experienced
operator with a decent station, power,
and antenna who is willing to run a
schedule anytime conditions are favor-
able. Of course, beacons help but the
ultimate goal is making the QSO.
As I mentioned at the start of this col-
umn, one of the participants of the first
amateur QSO on 13-cm band was Arthur
Koch, W9WHM/2, who later, as required
at the time, changed his call to W2RMA.
That call is now held by his son, William
(Bill) Koch, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
In April, almost 70 years to the day after
his dad¶s historic contact, Bill made his
first QSO on the 13-cm band with gear
that his father could have only imagined.
Operating portable from EN90wk, Bill
worked Dave Petke, K1RZ, FM19jh at
approximately 175 miles/280 km. Bill¶s
gear included a Yaesu FT-817, a popu-
Arthur Koch’s son, Bill, holds W2RMA today and is active on microwaves lar choice for portable microwave IF, dri-
himself. He made his first 13-centimeter contact earlier this year, over a 175- ving a W1GHZ 2.3-GHz rover transvert-
mile path, a distance his father could only have dreamed of achieving. er with the 86576 MMIC front end and
GVA-84 driver6. The surplus final power
amplifier (PA) ran 8 watts to a 3-foot loop
Circuit) front ends with noise figures near run low power, typically just a few watts. Yagi.
4 dB, which were in turn soon replaced Intermediate amplifiers are commer-
by easily reproducible GaAsFET device cially available, and reasonably priced The Scratchi Connection
designs breaking the 1 dB noise figure surplus telecommunications high pow- While researching material for this col-
(NF) barrier at 13 cm. A few solid-state ered amplifiers (70 to 150+ watt range) umn, I discovered that George Floyd,
devices capable of a few watts and with- are readily available for those with the W6OJK/2, the other half of the first QSO
in the budget of the average amateur appropriate technical expertise neces- on the 13-cm band, wrote two popular
appeared as well. And with the intro- sary for successful station integration. columns under the nom de plume of
duction of the cavity power amplifier by In many respects, the 13-cm band is ³Lighthouse Larry´ for G-E Ham News
VE4MA, using the 2C39/7289 triode, still occupied by the pioneers in the and ³Scratchi´ for CQ (1948 to 1960
the state-of-the-art station was running hobby or at the very least those who seek and again from 1966 to 1971.) Old
in excess of 50 watts to a loop Yagi or a challenge. Outside of contests, activi- timers will remember the politically in-
two with a tower-mounted LNA (low- ty nights or a major tropo opening, activ- correct, by today¶s standards, Japa-
noise amplifier) with a noise figure of ity here can only be described as sparse. nese-American ham with fractured
less than 1 dB. The vast majority of those QRV on 13 English and contorted spelling lam-
cm have experience on 23 cm and incre- basting his fellow amateurs for poor
Activity Today mentally, band-by-band, have added to operating practices.
Fast forwarding to today, with the their station capabilities. It helps if there 73 & CU on the bands, Tony, WA8RJF
exception of the 23-cm (1296 MHz)
band, there still are few if any plug-and-
Notes:
play multimode transceivers available 1. Wavelength (L) in meters = the speed of light (c) in meters per second divided
for operation on the microwave bands. by the frequency (f) in hertz. In this case the wavelength in meters = 299,792,458
The most common approach is the m/s divided by 2,300,000,000 Hz (2.3 GHz) or 0.13 meters which equals 13 cm. A
transverter, which is an up/down con- shorthand method is simply 300 divided by frequency in megahertz: 300/2,300 MHz
verter for the microwave band of inter- = 0.13 meters or 13 cm.
est. The typical 13-cm transverter topol- 2. FCC regulations at the time required that stations outside their home district sign
ogy is a local oscillator (LO) at 2160 their callsigns with a slash and the number of the callsign district from where the oper-
MHz which, when mixed with a 144- ating took place. If an amateur moved permanently to a different callsign district,
MHz signal generated by the 144-MHz application for a new call was required.
multimode transceiver after filtering, 3. The ARRL UHF/Microwave Handbook: Experimenters Manual, 1990, ARRL
yields a transmit frequency of 2304 Newington, CT
MHz. The receive path works in the 4. WGY is a local AM broadcast station in Schenectady that is still on the air today.
opposite direction, so to speak: A 2304- It was owned for decades by General Electric and is currently owned by iHeart Media.
MHz signal is mixed with the 2160-MHz 5. Rick Campbell, KK7B, ³A Single Board No Tuning 23 cm Transverter´
LO (downconverted), filtered and fed to Proceedings of the 23rd Conference of the Central States VHF Society (Newington,
the 2-meter multimode transceiver. CT) ARRL, 1989, pp. 44-52.
Most transverters available for the band 6. See <http://www.W1GHZ.org>

awards
BY TED MELINOSKY,* K1BV
+-"Êº-«ÌÃ»ÊÊÌiÊÌiÀiÌ
W
hen you find an award that you think may most productive for not more than a few minutes.
be fun to pursue, reality can interfere with Spots for expedition stations may be good for hours
your goal since you need to actually find and at a time, but most others have a very short shelf
contact valid stations that count for the award. For life. Remember, it is only courteous for you to return
permanent awards that accept old QSOs, you can the favor of the spot for stations of special interest
use your card collection. If it is a new award, and is that you may work. A word of caution: accuracy of
time-limited for the next few weeks or months, you spots is not perfect, so be sure to listen and make
should take advantage of many unseen friends who sure the station you hear is the station you want.
will be posting ³spots´ on different websites, and you When properly used, spots can steer you in the right
can tap the collective power of dozens of stations direction to complete many, many awards.
who can help you. A spotting network exists to col-
lect information about stations that are on the air and Three Awards From the U.K.
provide this data in a brief and timely fashion. Very Here are the rules for three awards from the U.K.,
brief and very timely. Many of these sites offer two of which are ³annual awards´ requiring con-
searches, but only a few allow you to search in the tacts made only in the year 2016. You still have half
³comments´ field, which may mention the name of a year to earn them, and recalling the information
the award. I have found just one that offers this func- above on spotting networks, you can get some prac-
tion, and it can be quite useful for award-hunting. It tice using search terms such as: Kernow, scientists,
is the Spanish ³DX FUN´ website at <http://www. and airfields.
dxfuncluster.com/?b=20>. It offers several language
options, including English. They ask a small dona- Royal Air Force Amateur Radio Society
tion, but so do almost all of the other ones.
Photo A is a screenshot of what a search result
“Airfield on the Air Activations”
looks like if you specify the word ³award.´ This is an ongoing RAFARS event, with operator
First column is the ID of the spotter, second is the certification based upon contacting Airfields on the
frequency, third is the callsign of the station heard, Air (AOTA) activations running annually from
and the last column is a comment, which always January 1 to December 31. In order to ³activate´ a
includes the search word, which in this case is site in a radio sense, stations must be within 500
³award.´ You can also use the search term ³diplo- meters of a current or former RAF (Ministry of
ma,´ which is what many European amateurs call Defence or its predecessors) station, airfield,
awards. radio/radar site, landing strip, or landing waters
If you were looking for valid stations to contact in located in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, dat-
the annual May ³Steam Locomotive Parade´ ing from 1914 to current times. All current licensed
(antique trains), you can get more specific by using bands may be used with the ³Centre of Activity´ to
a search term of ³Steam´ or ³Locomotive.´ That be around the RAFARS calling frequencies with
would really cut down the number of hits, but you voice and CW modes only.
would have found exactly the information you want- Activators should call ³CQ AOTA´ and are
ed. I prefer broader searches as you are more like- encouraged to provide a little information about the
ly to find something you weren¶t looking for — and air station in the QSOs.
that¶s always fun. I have also found that spots are Award certificates will be available for working
AOTA stations, with certificates as follows:
*12 Wells Woods Rd., Columbia, CT 06237 • Bronze: 5 activated stations/airfields worked
e-mail: <k1bv12@charter.net • Gold: 50 activated stations/airfields worked
Photo A. A
screenshot of the
Spanish “DX Fun”
website shows
how it organizes
its spotting
network.

Award Fee: £5.00 to cover administration and postage. not be available for each activation, just the award certifi-
Operational Rules: Logs must be kept with normal details, cates. These certificates will only be available, free of charge,
but especially date and time and the airfield¶s name. An oper- as high-resolution digital downloads.
ator or group claiming an award must ensure that all of their
stations worked have been logged as an activated airsta- Free Award Certificates
tion/base as detailed on this website¶s Activations page, To obtain an award, applications must be emailed to PARC
<http://www.qsl.net/g4dqp/Activations.html>. Any other air- and should provide a list of the event stations that were con-
field or airbase worked will not count towards the RAFARS tacted and the bands used: No other information is needed.
Certificate. PARC will check the applications and the award certificates
A signed declaration of the following wording is required: will be produced as quickly as possible: However, during the
³I (John Smith, G9XYZ) do hereby declare that the rules of summer, this may take several days to complete. For addi-
the RAFARS AOTA have been observed and complied with tional information, please check the website <https://sites.
in contacting the (21) µActivated¶ stations and I now request google.com/site/redkiteradio/>. As each commemoration
I be granted the relevant RAFARS AOTA Certificate. Signed: approaches, PARC will publish information here and on the
(J. Smith G9XYZ)´ This self-declared statement of full com- MØPHX and YHARG Twitter pages.
pliance with all of the RAFARS AOTA event rules is required
by all claimant operators/groups, without exception. Award Structure
An SASE is required to receive any RAFARS QSL cards Bronze Award: 5 confirmed contacts with British Scientist
you have arranged in a QSO. To claim an AOTA award, send Event Stations
a copy of your relevant logs, the award fee (a check/postal • Silver Award: 10 confirmed contacts
order made out to RAFARS) and your signed declaration of • Gold Award: 15 confirmed contacts
operational conformity, to: M3NDZ, QTHr Call Book, QRV,
or QRZ.com. (RAFARS QSL & Awards Manager). [Note: The The closing date for all awards is 1 February 2017.
award website does not provide any information regarding Many of the events will be done under the MXØYHA or
international applicants, regarding either SASEs of curren- MXØPHX callsigns, or both. Some may also be commemo-
cies other than British pounds.] rated with a special event callsign.
Internet: <http://www.qsl.net/g4dqp/Activations.html>
Provisional List of British Scientist Commemorations:
British Scientists Ham Radio Award (This list has been modified to include only those activa-
Throughout 2016, the Phoenix Amateur Radio Club is airing tions scheduled for July 2016 or later. Refer to website for
special event stations at various times to commemorate the complete list if you think you have made earlier contacts for
work of British scientists, with certificates awarded to hams the award.)
for contacting these stations. The event stations will each be
on the air for a short duration, usually on a date connected Robert Hooke - 28 July (1635)
with each scientist (a single day or an entire week) and pos- Alexander Fleming - 6 August (1881)
sibly from an appropriate location. Charles Hutton - 14 August (1737)
Edward Appleton - 6 September (1892)
20 Commemorations in 2016 John Dalton - 6 September (1766)
There will be around 20 commemorations throughout the Michael Faraday - 22 September (1791)
year at almost two-week intervals, so it should be possible Barnes Wallis - 26 September (1887)
for a keen follower to obtain an award. There will be three Richard Towneley - 10 October (1629)
classes of award: Bronze, Silver, and Gold. Duplicate con- Edmund Halley - 8 November (1656)
tacts on different bands will count towards the awards. Arthur Charles Clarke - 16 December (1917)
Information about each event will be given on the website Humphry Davy - 17 December (1778)
noted below, but QSL cards or EeZee QSL Certificates will Sir Isaac Newton - 25 December (1642)
On-air events will take place on, or close to, the dates given,
and some activities will coincide with other PARC on-air
events. There may also be some changes to the list as events
unfold.
E-mail: <M0PHX@outlook.com>
Internet: <https://sites.google.com/site/redkiteradio/>
Kernow Award
From January 1 to December 31, 2016, radio amateurs with
a main address in the County of Cornwall or the Isles of Scilly
may apply to add the letter µK¶ as a Regional Secondary
Locator (RSL). For example, G3UCQ becomes GK3UCQ.
The ³K´ is for Kernow, which is Celtic for Cornwall.
In April 2014, The U.K. government announced that the
proud history, unique culture, and distinctive language of
Cornwall would be fully recognized under European rules for
the protection of national minorities. The decision to recog-
Photo B. The certificate of the British Scientists Award fea- nize the unique identity of the Cornish now affords the
tures such luminaries as Charles Darwin, Edmund Halley, county the same status under the European Framework
and Sir Isaac Newton. Convention for the Protection of National Minorities as the

UK¶s other Celtic people, the Scots, the Welsh, and the Irish.
The Office of Communications (OFCOM) has agreed to allow
what’s new
the use of the special prefix for a period of one year to allow
radio amateurs with a main address in Cornwall to add the
letter K to their call signs and to celebrate the unique status
of the county.
The Kernow Award is being offered by the Poldhu Amateur
Radio Club to stations that make the required number of
points. The award offers three levels of achievement for both
HF and VHF classes.
Point Values
A. One point is given per QSO made with a station using
the µK¶ in the callsign prefix. Any bands and modes may be
used. One station may be worked on the same band with dif-
ferent modes for award credit.
B. The special station GB2Ø16K may be active during 2016
and, if so, will count 5 points for each QSO.
No repeater or internet QSOs are allowed.
Requirements: Yaesu Introduces FT-891 at Dayton
Class One – Amateur bands 1.8 to 30 MHz Yaesu continues to upgrade its FT series of high-frequency
Gold: 30 points (HF) transceivers with the introduction of the FT-891 at the
Silver: 20 points Dayton Hamvention. This 160- to 6-meter, all-mode, 100-watt
Bronze: 10 points transceiver is ruggedly constructed and measures 6.1 x 2.0 x
8.6 inches (155 x 52 x 218 mm).
Class Two – Amateur bands 50 MHz and above Yaesu has packed in a triple-conversion superheterodyne
Gold: 15 points receiver circuit for SSB/CW/AM and a double-conversion
Silver: 10 points superheterodyne for FM operation. Adding to the receiver cir-
Bronze: 5 points cuit, Yaesu included a 32-bit, high-speed floating point DSP
(max 3000 MIPS), which it says provides effective cancella-
QSOs may be made using any mode and band the opera-
tion/reduction (DNR) of the random noise that is frequently frus-
tor is legally entitled to use.
trating on HF frequencies. Also, Yaesu says the auto notch
Only QSOs between 00:01 UTC 01/01/2016 and 23:59 UTC
(DNF) that automatically eliminates the dominant beat tone,
12/31/2016 will count.
the contour and the automatic peak filter (APF) are very effec-
The Kernow Award certificate will be a free download as a
tive receiver noise reduction tools in the HF band operations.
PDF file.
A 3-kHz roofing filter is included as a standard feature. This
All QSOs must be made using the same callsign, but /M,
results in receiver sensitivity of SSB/CW (S/N 10 dB) 0.158 µV
/MM or /P is acceptable.
(1.8 - 30 MHz), 0.125 µV (50 - 54 MHz); AM (S/N 10 dB) 5 µV
Please email your log in an ADIF format to Award Manager
(0.5 - 1.8 MHz) 1.6 µV (1.8 - 30 MHz) 1.25 µV (50 - 54 MHz);
John Farrar, G3UCQ.
and FM (12 dB SINAD) 0.35 µV (29 MHz, 50 - 54 MHz).
E-mail: <email@johnfarrar.plus.com>
On the transmit side, the FT-891 has an output of 100 watts
Internet: <http://gb2gm.org/index.php/the-kernow-award>
for CW, SSB, and FM with 22 watts of output on AM. Yaesu
Let us know of any new certificates or awards programs included thermostatically-controlled dual internal fans and a
that might be used in future columns. A URL (internet die-cast chassis to ensure a smooth 100 watts of output.
address) is all we need to start the process. The outside of the box is dominated by the large full-dot
liquid-crystal display with a spectrum scope. Pop-up menus
make navigating through options easier. To the right of the
screen is a large multi-function knob with torque control. A
detachable front panel adds to the FT-891’s use as a mobile
HF transceiver.
Other features included are a USB port that allows connec-
tion to a PC with a single cable (CAT control, PTT/RTTY con-
trol). A TUN/LIN connector allows connection of optional FC-
50 antenna tuner or VL-1000 amplifier. Advanced electronic
keying (4 to 60 WPM) has full break-in support. Finally, the rig
will support an active-tuning antenna system, such as the
(optional) ATAS-120A or ATAS-25.
The FT-891 just received FCC approval; however pricing was
not available as of press time. For more information, contact
Yaesu USA, 6125 Phyllis Drive, Cypress, CA 90630. Phone
(714) 827-7600. Website: <http://www.yaesu.com>.
฀“What’s New” is not a product review and does not consti-

Photo C. Residents of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly are tute a product endorsement by CQ. Information is primarily pro-
allowed to use a special ‘K’ in their callsigns during 2016. vided by manufacturers/vendors and has not necessarily been
Collect enough QSOs and this certificate honoring Cornwall independently verified.
County is yours.

dx
BY BOB SCHENCK, N2OO
/iÊ ÀÌiÀÊ
>vÀ>Ê8
Õ`>Ì\Ê-Õ««ÀÌ}Ê8Ê>`
8}ÊvÀÊ{{Ê9i>ÀÃ
Several months back, we highlighted the history
and accomplishments of the International DX
Association (INDEXA) <www.indexa.org>. This
month, we are turning the focus to the other pre-
miere DXpedition funding organization based in
the U.S., the Northern California DX Foundation
(NCDXF) <www.ncdxf.org>.
I have asked NCDXF Treasurer Don Greenbaum,
N1DG, for an overview of the foundation to share
with all of our readers. I wholeheartedly encourage
all DXers to support DX and DXing by contributing
to one or both of these fine organizations.
– 73, Bob Schenck, N2OO
he Northern California DX Foundation
T (NCDXF) was founded in 1972 to assist

worthwhile amateur radio and scientific pro-
jects with funding and equipment. Over the years,
Figure 1. If you’ve ever worked and confirmed a
major DXpedition, the Northern California DX
Foundation logo is most likely on the QSL card.
you may have seen the Foundation’s familiar logo
(Figure 1) on hundreds of QSLs and at the top of them made an initial contribution of $1,111 and the
the donor lists on major DXpeditions’ webpages. foundation was formed. Later, Lee Shaklee made
NCDXF also operates a worldwide propagation a very generous donation of his company’s stock to
beacon network and a scholarship fund. How it all create NCDXF’s initial endowment fund.
began, and how is it is administered, are the top- The first DXpedition funded by NCDXF was
ics of this article. XU1AA from Phnom Penh, Khmer Republic, in
November 1973, conducted by Chester Lunsford,
History XV5AC, and Jack Troster, W6ISQ (QSL Photos A
& B).
It was October 1972. The Anti-Ballistic Missile From the tropics to Antarctica, the NCDXF flag
Treaty (ABM) between the United States and the has flown from all parts of the globe. NCDXF was
former Soviet Union was signed. The Godfather was the primary sponsor of VP8ORK (Photo C) and
breaking box office records, and Don McLean’s every major South Atlantic DXpedition since 1972.
American Pie was at the top of the pop music charts.
Sunspot numbers averaged 174, but for 24 out of
the last 30 days, there were zero sunspots. The
DXpedition Support
honor roll high-mixed DXCC total was 322. In keeping with the original goal of the founders,
The Northern California DX Foundation (NCDXF) NCDXF has supported over 500 DXpeditions,
was born on October 11 when four avid DXers met large and small, with a grand total exceeding $1
around a kitchen table in San Francisco. The host million. For the expensive “mega” DXpeditions,
was a former IRS auditor, Vince Chin, K6KQN (now NCDXF is often the “anchor” sponsor and its grant
W6EE). It was Vince’s idea to create an education- frequently makes the difference in whether the
al and scientific foundation that would qualify as a DXpedition goes forward. The NCDXF website
tax-exempt entity under IRS rules. Contributions to contains the guidelines for support as well as the
NCDXF would be tax deductible for U.S. DXers, and application and budget worksheet submission
thus they would have an incentive to give larger forms <http://www.ncdxf.org/pages/grant-
amounts to support such projects as aiding app.html>. The website also has a large collection
DXpeditions to new and rare entities, providing of QSLs from sponsored DXpeditions.
QSLs for rare DX stations and helping with equip-
ment donations. NCDXF’s organizers hoped that International Beacon Project
maybe 20 to 25 DXers would provide funding (hav- The second NCDXF-supported DXpedition took
ing absolutely no idea just how large NCDXF would place in June and July 1974 to Palmyra Island
grow over the next 44 years). In addition to Vince, (KP6PA) and the then brand new DXCC entity of
there was Lee Shaklee, W6BH; Jack Troster, Kingman Reef (KP6KR). NCDXF asked the
W6ISQ, and Don Schliesser, K6RV. The four of DXpedition operators to conduct a QRP experi-
ment onboard the boat on their way home. The
* <n2oo@comcast.net> operators reduced their transmitter power from 100

watts to 1 watt and solicited SWL re- increments at four different power lev-
The WAZ Program ports from anybody who could copy els on each of five different amateur
ALL BAND WAZ them. NCDXF expected to get a few bands (20, 17, 15, 12, and 10 meters),
reports from relatively nearby W6 and and circling the globe in just 3 minutes.
Mixed
W7 stations; instead, it was deluged Monitoring the beacon network has
9300 ....................DL2DQL 9304 ....................... K7LTV with hundreds of reports from hams all become one of the most popular ways
9301 .......................F6BEG 9305 ....................JG5DHX
9302 ...................DG1LHM 9306 .......................IZ8IEV around the globe! The success of this DXers and DXpeditioners alike now
9303 .....................W5GDX 9307 .........................NS7K experiment planted the seed that ger-
minated to become the NCDXF/IARU
SSB
International Beacon Network. 5 Band WAZ
5345........................ N6PEQ 5346 .......................IK6ZDF The first NCDXF beacon was built in
1979 and came on the air from Stanford As of May 1, 2016
CW 1932 stations have attained at least the 150 zone level, and
University in California, signing WB6ZNL 950 stations have attained the 200 Zone level.
810 ..........................N6PEQ
811 ............................ RK9F
812 .......................VU2CDP (and later W6WX) on 14100 kHz. It trans-
As of May 1, 2015
mitted for one minute at powers of 100 The top contenders for 5 Band WAZ (zones needed on
SINGLE BAND WAZ watts, 10 watts, 1 watt and 0.1 watt. Over 80 or other if indicated):
CHANGES shown in BOLD
the next couple of years, NCDXF added
160 Meter eight more beacons to the network. Callsign Zones Zones Callsign Zones Zones
474...... WA2HZO, 32 Zones 475 ......... K0DEQ, 30 Zones Each beacon transmitted sequentially Needed Needed
EA7GF 199 1 W9XY 199 22
on 14100 kHz for one minute at the four HA5AGS 199 1 9A5I 198 1, 16
160 Meter Updates different power levels. Allowing for the I5REA 199 31 AK8A 198 17, 22
IK1AOD 199 1 EA5BCX 198 27, 39
F4GTB, 38 Zones W0DD, 35 Zones one minute of “dead air” time, this net- IK8BQE 199 31 F5NBU 198 19, 31
VE7IG, 35 Zones
work circled the globe with beacon sig- IZ3ZNR
JA1CMD
199
199
1
2
G3KDG
G3KMQ
198
198
1, 12
1, 27
Rules and applications for the WAZ program may be ob- nals every 10 minutes. Responding to JA5IU 199 2 IK0FVC 198 1, 31
tained by sending a large SAE with two units of postage or JA7XBG 199 2 JA1DM 198 2, 40
an address label and $1.00 to: WAZ Award Manager, John the outpouring of favorable reports from JH7CFX 199 2 JA3GN 198 2 on 80 & 40
Bergman, KC5LK, P.O. Box 792, Brandon, MS 39043- DXers and academics, NCDXF joined JK1BSM 199 2 K2EP 198 23, 24
0792. The processing fee for all CQ awards is $6.00 for K1LI 199 24 K2TK 198 23, 24
subscribers (please include your most recent CQ mailing forces with the IARU to expand the net- K3JGJ 199 24 K3JGJ 198 24, 26
label or a copy) and $12.00 for nonsubscribers. Please work once again. This led to the estab- K7UR 199 34 K4HB 198 24, 26
make all checks payable to John Bergman. Applicants K8PT 199 26 K4JLD 198 18, 24
sending QSL cards to a CQ checkpoint or the Award Man- lishment of today’s 18 beacons, with KZ4V 199 26 K6FG 198 17, 18
ager must include return postage. KC5LK may also be
reached via e-mail: <kc5lk@cq-amateur-radio.com>.
most of them transmitting in 10-second N3UN 199 18 KB0EO 198 22, 23
N4NX 199 26 KZ2I 198 24, 26
N4WW 199 26 N2QT 198 23, 24
N4XR 199 27 N4GG 198 18, 24
N8AA 199 23 N8LJ 198 17, 24
The WPX Program RA6AX
RU3DX
199
199
6 on 10M
6
NS6C
OK1DWC
198
198
17, 22
6, 31
Mixed: 450 AI1W, W6WF, OE2RPL, WD8KND. 500 CE7PGO, W1DXH. RW0LT 199 2 on 40M UA4LY 198 6 & 2 on 10
CW RX4HZ 199 13 US7MM 198 2, 6
550 AC6BW, W9IFW. 650 YE6YE. 700 SP9FWQ. 750 VA3HP. 800
IK8IPL. 950 WF1H, K3NDM. 1000 WB9IWN, JG6CDH. 1050 W9HBH, RZ3EC 199 1 on 40M VE2TZT 198 23, 24
3734 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K3LR 3738. . . . . . . . . . . . . DK2LO S58Q 199 31 W4UM 198 18, 23
WU9D. 1100 I1DXD. 1250 IZØFUW. 1400 NA2AA. 1600 DK2LO. 1850
3735 . . . . . . . . . . . . AC6BW 3739. . . . . . . . . . . . . DF2GH SM7BIP 199 31 W5CWQ 198 17, 18
K7LV. 1950 KI1U, N2FF. 2000 JE2UFF. 2550 K3LR. 3850 W9OO.
3736 . . . . . . . . . . . . . G4CZK 3740 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N2FF VO1FB 199 19 W6OUL 198 37, 40
4200 YO9HP. 4650 WB2YQH. 5850 N4NO. 5950 HA5DA
3737 . . . . . . . . . . . . KG4IKQ 3741 . . . . . . . . . . . . K3NDM W1FJ 199 24 W9RN 198 26, 19 on 40
Digital:350 YE6YE, K3JZ. 400 W9IFW, NA2AA. 450 JN3DNK. 550 W1FZ 199 26 WA2BCK 198 23, 24
SSB 1IDXD. 600 WF1H. 850 KI1U, WU9D. 900 K7LV. 1000 N2FF. 1200 W2LK 199 23 WC5N 198 22, 26
JE2UFF. 2200 YO9HP W3NO 199 26 WL7E 198 34, 37
3882............................WS2D 3891 .........................TA2OTT W4DC 199 24 ZL2AL 198 36, 37
3883 .............................AI1W 3892 ...........................YE6YE 160 Meters: KI1U, K3LR, K7LV, DK2LO W4LI 199 26
3884.........................CE7PGO 3893.........................KG4ZXN 80 Meters: KI1U, K3LR, NZ3O, DK2LO W6DN 199 17
3885 .............................K3LR 3894...........................DK2LO 40 Meters: KI1U, K3LR, I1DXD, IK8IPL, YE6YE, NZ3O, DK2LO, N2FF
3886 ...........................W6WF 3895 ............................WF1H 30 Meters: NA2AA, JE2UFF, DK2LO
3887............................I1DXD 3896...........................VA3HP New recipients of 5 Band WAZ with all 200 Zones
20 Meters: KI1U, K3LR, I1DXD, IK8IPL, JF2OHQ, YE6YE, DK2LO, confirmed:
3888 ...........................IK8IPL 3897..............................N2FF WF1H, N2FF
3889 .........................W1DXH 3898..........................K3NDM 17 Meters: NA2AA, W9HBH, DK2LO 950 IZ1ANU
3890.........................PU2PSP 15 Meters: KI1U, K3LR, IZØFUW, JN3DNK, JE2UFF, DK2LO, N2FF
New updates to the 5BWAZ list of stations:
12 Meters: DK2LO
Mixed 10 Meters: KI1U, CE7PGO, K3LR, 7N2JZT, DK2LO, VA3HP, N2FF JA7XBG, 199 Zones IZ1ANU, 200 Zones
N6UK, 190 Zones
3233.......................KM4FRM 3241...........................YE6YE Africa: KI1U, K3LR, IK8IPL, NA2AA, NZ3O, DK2LO, N2FF
3234.......................2MØRRT 3242 ........................JG6CDH Asia: KI1U, K3LR, I1DXD, IK8IPL, YE6YE, NZ3O, DK2LO, DF2GH,
3235 ........................CE7PGO 3243 ......................WD8KND N2FF The following have qualified for the basic 5 Band
3236.............................K3LR 3244 ..........................DF2GH Europe: AI1W, 2MØRRT, KI1U, CE7PGO, K3LR, I1DXD, IK8IPL, WAZ Award:
3237 ...........................I1DXD 3245............................WF1H W1DXH, TA2OTT, YE6YE, ZS6TVB, DK2LO, VA3HP
3238...........................IK8IPL 3246 ..........................VA3HP Oceania: KI1U, K3LR, IK8IPL, NA2AA, NZ3O, DK2LO, N2FF 1932 N6PEQ, 170 zones
3239.........................W1DXH 3247 .............................K3JZ North America: KI1U, CE7PGO, K3LR, KG4ZXN, DK2LO, VA3HP,
3240 ........................OE2RPL K3JZ
South America: KI1U, K3LR, IK8IPL, DK2LO, N2FF *Please note: Cost of the 5 Band WAZ Plaque is $100
shipped within the U.S.; $120 all foreign (sent airmail).
Digital Award of Excellence with 160 Bar: NA2AA, KI1U, DK2LO
160M Bar: K7LV
523 . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1DXD 527 . . . . . . . . . . . . . VK2RT 30M Bar: NA2AA, DK2LO Rules and applications for the WAZ program may be ob-
524 . . . . . . . . . . . . JN3DNK 528 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WF1H 17M Bar: NA2AA, DK2LO tained by sending a large SAE with two units of postage
525 . . . . . . . . . . . . . YE6YE 529 . . . . . . . . . . . DM2DLG 12M Bar: DK2LO or an address label and $1.00 to: WAZ Award Manager,
526 . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI4DD 530. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K3JZ Digital Bar: NA2AA, KI1U, DK2LO John Bergman, KC5LK, P.O. Box 792, Brandon, MS
CW: 400 JF2MVI. 450 K3NDM. 550 JF2OHQ. 700 SP9FWQ, NA2AA. 39043-0792. The processing fee for the 5BWAZ award is
850 N2FF. 950 K7LV, DK2LO. 1050 NA2AA. 1150 DL8TG. 1200 Complete rules and application forms may be obtained by sending a $10.00 for subscribers (please include your most recent
JE2UFF. 1500 KI1U. 2050 K3LR. 2950 W9OO. 3100 YO9HP. 5300 business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelope (foreign stations CQ mailing label or a copy) and $15.00 for nonsubscribers.
N4NO send extra postage for airmail) to "CQ WPX Awards," P.O. Box 355, An endorsement fee of $2.00 for subscribers and $5.00
New Carlisle, OH 45344 USA. Note: WPX will now accept prefixes/ for nonsubscribers is charged for each additional 10 zones
SSB: 350 W9IFW, W9DXH, TA2OTT. 400 2MØRRT, YE6YE, ZS6TVB. calls which have been confirmed by eQSL.cc. and the ARRL Logbook confirmed. Please make all checks payable to John
450 I1DXD, NA2AA, OE2RPL. 500 CE7PGO. 600 NA2AA, K3NDM. of The World (LoTW).
Bergman. Applicants sending QSL cards to a CQ check-
700 VA3HP. 750 IK8IPL. 900 NZ3O. 950 N2FF. 1000 WB9IWN. 1050 *Please Note: The price of the 160, 30, 17, 12, 6, and Digital bars for
point or the Award Manager must include return postage.
W9HBH. 1100 KI1U. 1250 K7LV. 1300 DK2LO. 2150 K3LR. 2850 the Award of Excellence are $6.50 each
KC5LK may also be reached via e-mail: <kc5lk@cq-
W9OO. 3150 YO9HP the Award of Excellence are $6..50 each.
amateur-radio.com>.

what’s new check on propagation from their QTHs
to other locations around the world.
Rowett, K6TD, designed the new con-
trollers and software. Walt Wilson,
Our beacon partners, the three IARU N6XG, is assisting in construction. The
regions, make annual grants to the bea- deployment team, headed by Peter
con project to help defray the ongoing Jennings, VE3SUN/AB6WM, includes
expenses of maintaining the system, as W4NJK, K6TU, WA5ZNU, AD6E, and
well as providing invaluable counsel on K6GSJ.
matters relating to the location and
operation of the beacons.
Starting this year, NCDXF — with Education
funding assistance from the IARU, The In 1997, Don Doughty, W6EEN (SK),
YASME Foundation, and directed do- made a substantial contribution to
nations from DXers worldwide — is NCDXF and designated the funds to
rolling out the Beacon 2.0 Project and establish an Educational Fund.
replacing all 18 beacons with new con- Through 2015, NCDXF has awarded
trollers and ICOM IC7200 and IC7300 over 20 scholarships to college stu-
transmitters over the next 18 months. dents in amounts ranging from $1,000
The W6WX and KH6RS sites are the to $2,000. In addition, working with the
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Gordon West’s New 2016-2020

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VISIT OUR STORE FOR

DAILY SPECIALS!
http://store.cq-amateur-radio.com Photos A & B. Front and rear of the QSL card from XU1AA, the first DXpedition
sponsored by NCDXF, back in 1973.

฀ ฀
and Dayton, we pay the tuition for all W 2 I H Y Te c h n o l o g i e s ฀ ฀
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The CQ DX Field Award Program
Awards – CW ELECTRIC RADIO MAGAZINE
In circulation over 26 years, ER is
WA9PIE.......................71 NIØC ...........................72 a monthly publication celebrating
classic equipment that was the
Awards – SSB pride of our shacks just a few
WA9PIE.......................80
years ago. Send $1 for a sample:
ER, PO Box 242
Awards – RTTY Bailey, CO 80421-0242
WA9PIE.......................25
720-924-0171
777° ,°
"
Awards – Mixed
WA9PIE.....................149 NIØC .........................151
N3RC ........................150
Endorsements – CW

Plan Your Projects Now!

WA9PIE ...........3.5/7MHz
25MHz
Plan some summer projects with
Endorsements – SSB
33 Simple Weekend Projects, by
WA9PIE ...............28MHz the late Dave Ingram, K4TWJ.
If you haven¶t built
Endorsements – RTTY
anything in awhile
WA9PIE ............50 Fields or otherwise
stretched your
Endorsements – Mixed brain to think of
WA9PIE ....1.8, 3.5/7MHz HAØDU ..............253MHz solutions to
28MHz W6OAT ..............237MHz problems, or
VE7IG .................1.8MHz N3RC ........1.8, 3.5/7MHz
NIØC .........1.8, 3.5/7MHz 28MHz
helped a young
ham with some

The basic award fee for subscribers to CQ is $6. For non-
subscribers, it is $12. In order to qualify for the reduced
simple project, Then you should join these
then here¶s the
subscriber rate, please enclose your latest CQ mailing
label with your application. Endorsement stickers are foundation for having some fun and
distinguished amateurs!
$1.00 each plus SASE. Updates not involving the is-
learning along the way.
suance of a sticker are free. All updates and correspon-
dence must include an SASE. Rules and application forms
To Join or Renew visit:
for the CQ DX Awards may be found on the <www.cq- Weekend projects are relaxing,
amateur-radio. com> website, or may be obtained by
sending a business-size, self-addressed, stamped enve- educational, and can be used to “fill

lope to CQ DX Awards Manager, Keith Gilbertson, KØKG, out” our stations.
21688 Sandy Beach Lane, Rochert, MN 56578-9604 USA.

Please make all checks payable to the award manager.
Visit our CQ Bookstore for details.

Photo C. The 2011 VP8ORK DXpedition to South Orkney Island is typical of the expeditions supported by the NCDXF.
what we do without them. The NCDXF website lists our more emic worlds, and are all active DXers. NCDXF has no paid
than 5,000 individual contributors and clubs who have sup- staff and no officer, director, or advisor receives any form of
ported us over the years. compensation.
The 10-member NCDXF board of directors is responsible
for overseeing all of NCDXF’s activities. The board members Cycle 25 Fund
and the volunteer advisors who assist them all hold or have The new NCDXF Cycle 25 Fund was started to raise
held responsible positions in the business, legal, and acad- $1,000,000 for the next wave of DXpedition funding. Many
CQ DX Field Award Honor Roll CQ DX Awards Program

The CQ DX Field Award Honor Roll recognizes those DXers who have submitted proof of confirmation with 175 or more grid
fields. Honor Roll lisiting is automatic upon approval of an application for 175 or more grid fields. To remain on the CQ DX Field
Award Honor Roll, annual updates are required. Updates must be accompanied by an SASE if confirmation is desired. The
RTTY New Award
fee for endorsement stickers is $1.00 each plus SASE. Please make all checks payable to the Award Manager, Keith Gilbertson. WB5TOI ....................80
Mail all updates to Keith Gilbertson, KØKG, 21688 Sandy Beach Lane, Rochert, MN 56578-9604.
Mixed RTTY Endorsements

K2TQC......................284 N8PR ........................224 N4MM .......................204 K1NU ........................187 N4MM .......................80
W1CU .......................257 VE3ZZ.......................223 VE7SMP ...................204 K2AU ........................186
HAØDU .....................253 KØDEQ .....................221 RW4NH.....................203 K8YTO ......................186
VE7IG .......................248 HA1AG......................218 K9YC ........................203 W3LL ........................185 The basic award fee for subscribers to CQ is $6. For non-
IK1GPG ....................245 WI8A .........................218 IV3GOW ...................201 K2SHZ ......................182 subscribers, it is $12. In order to qualify for the reduced
HA1RW.....................239 K8OOK......................213 N5KE ........................200 KJ6P .........................180 subscriber rate, please enclose your latest CQ mailing
VE3XN ......................239 JN3SAC ....................209 ON4CAS ...................194 W5ODD ....................177 label with your application. Endorsement stickers are
W6OAT .....................237 W4UM.......................208 N4NX ........................192 NØFW .......................176 $1.00 each plus SASE. Updates not involving the issuance
K8SIX........................236 WA5VGI....................208 W3LL ........................191 WA9PIE ....................176 of a sticker are free. All updates and correspondence must
OM3JW.....................235 HA5WA .....................206 HA9PP ......................190 HB9BOS ...................175 include an SASE. Rules and application forms for the CQ
NI6T ..........................230 F6HMJ ......................206 HA1ZH ......................190
DX Awards may be found on the <www.cq-amateur-
HA5AGS ...................228 KF8UN ......................205 BA4DW .....................188
9A5CY ......................227 OK1AOV ...................205 HB9DDZ ...................188 radio.com> website, or may be obtained by sending a
business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelope to CQ
DX Awards Manager, Please make checks payable to the
SSB Award Manager, Keith Gilbertson. Mail all updates to Keith
Gilbertson, KØKG, 21688 Sandy Beach Lane, Rochert,
W1CU........................236 KØDEQ ......................198 JN3SAC ....................183 NØFW ........................176
MN 56578-9604 USA. We recognize 341 active countries.
W4ABW.....................202 W4UM .......................193 W3LL .........................182 DL3DXX ....................175
VE7SMP....................201 N4MM........................187 WA5VGI ....................181 Please make all checks payable to the award manager.
Photocopies of documentation issued by recognized
national Amateur Radio associations that sponsor inter-
CW national awards may be acceptable for CQ DX award cred-
it in lieu of having QSL cards checked. Documentation
W1CU .......................243 JN3SAC ....................204 WA5VGI....................191 N4NX ........................177 must list (itemize) countries that have been credited to an
DL6KVA ....................233 DL3DXX....................203 HB9DZZ....................186 N7WO .......................175 applicant. Screen printouts from eQSL.cc that list coun-
KØDEQ .....................214 W4UM.......................199 OK2PO .....................184 tries confirmed through their system are also acceptable.
DL2DXA....................209 OK1AOV ...................196 N4MM .......................180 Screen printouts listing countries credited to an applicant
through an electronic logging system offered by a nation-
Digital al Amateur Radio organization also may be acceptable.
W1CU .......................186 Contact the CQ DX Award Manager for specific details.

DXers told us they were looking for a way know so that we can acknowledge your VKØEK, K5P, FT4JA, VP8SGI, and
to provide for the future of our hobby as gift. This can be as simple as making the VP8STI, made over 500,000 QSOs and
their legacy. They know how expensive NCDXF a beneficiary on an IRA by in every one of these cases, NCDXF was
some of these DXpeditions to very rare amount or percentage. To date, we have the lead sponsor. We are proud that our
and difficult destinations have become. over $300,000 designated for this fund. contributors continue to trust us with their
You can make a difference! Full details donations to make sound decisions
can be found at <http://www.ndxcf.org/ Last Words in support of the most-needed DX-
estate.html>. In the past year, NCDXF provided grants peditions. We look forward to their con-
As you plan your estate, you can des- totaling $162,000 to qualified DX- tinued support and hope you join us in
ignate NCDXF as a beneficiary and let us peditions. These expeditions, including “Making DX Happen.”
The WPX Honor Roll

The WPX Honor Roll is based on the current confirmed prefixes which are submitted by separate application in strict conformance with the CQ Master Prefix list.
Scores are based on the current prefix total, regardless of an operator’s all-time count. Honor Roll must be updated annually by addition to, or confirmation of, pre-
sent total. If no up-date, files will be made inactive.
MIXED
7935 ........9A2AA 4290 .........I2PJA 3099 ..........N6FX 2005 ........V51YJ 1408..........NH6T 1154 ....KB9OWD 953........WA9PIE 711 ............AG1T 634UA3LMR/QRP
7178 ..........K2VV 4154 ..........K1BV 3073 ......IK2DZN 2003.....VE6BMX 1394..........K4CN 1136..........KO9V 924..........IW9HII 710 ...........WS5J 629 ......WB4SON
6650.........W1CU 4136 ....WB2YQH 3050 ..........AB1J 2003.........W7CB 1383 ....IWØHOU 1116.......YU7FW 919..........KC1UX 707 ....W1/E74OF 620 ........PI4DHV
6195........9A2NA 4129.......S58MU 3007........W2WC 1995.........HK3W 1368.......LU5OM 1107.......PY2MC 912 .........NØVVV 706 ........OE8TLK 616 ..........DL5JH
5935 .........EA2IA 4076........IK2ILH 2946 .......YO9HP 1906 .......HA8QC 1329.....DK8MCT 1101 ........K4JKB 912........SP8HKT 700..........N4FNB 615 ........KØBAM
5659 ..........KF2O 4022 ..........N9AF 2799.........AG4W 1821 ........PY5FB 1322 ........AA4FU 1100 ....WA3GOS 908 ............K4JC 696 ........KG4JSZ 610 ............TA1L
5201 .........N4NO 3855 .....KC9ARR 2660..........N3RC 1776 .........NKØS 1314..........KØKL 1075 .........N6OU 867 ..........G3YFE 694 .......KG4HUF 605 ........IW2FLB
5134 .....ON4CAS 3827......JN3SAC 2634 ........VE6BF 1723 .......K6UXO 1300..........N7ZO 1069 ......IZ4MJP 836 ..........N6MM 682 .............AI8P 604..........K4ZGV
5127 ........S53EO 3821 .........N6QQ 2598 ..........NXØI 1667..........SQ7B 1286..........AD3Y 1066 ........9A3ST 825...........KD4W 682...........N8HM 604 ........WH7DX
4969.........W9OP 3809 ....SM6DHU 2575 ......W6OUL 1650..........K4HB 1276 .......XQ7UP 1066 ......JA1CKE 815 ........KL7FAP 670 .......WW3QB 602.........K4MLD
5127 ........S53EO 3617 ........W9OO 2550..........K6ND 1643 ......SV1DPI 1272......KA5EYH 1049 ...NH6T/W4 808...........W6PN 662........JA7OXR 601........W8LMG
4895 .......KØDEQ 3616 .......K9UQN 2476..........K5UR 1617........YB1AR 1269 .......K5WAF 1046 ........YB1TJ 761..........F1MQJ 662 .........KJ4BIX 601 ..........K9OHI
4785.........I5RFD 3611 ........W2OO 2423..........AK7O 1602 .......K3CWF 1259......IZØFUW 1032 .....DG5LAC 759.........W1FNB 661...........W4KK
4778 .....YU7BCD 3535 .........W3LL 2274 ..........AE5B 1585........N5KAE 1255 .......AC7JM 1016.........W9QL 751 ........YB2TJV 653............KK3Q
4690........I2MQP 3513 .........N1RR 2133 .........KØKG 1570........PY5VC 1246......W9RPM 1010 ........VE3RZ 741 .......K6KZM9 650 ............N3YZ
4657 .....WA5VGI 3410 ..........W9IL 2118 ...........NE6I 1487 .........N7QU 1232..........K1DX 1007........AA4QE 726 .............K5IC 649 .........RA9OO
4500........N8BJQ 3276 ....WD9DZV 2082........W2FKF 1484........FG4NO 1219........K6HRT 1003 ........PT2AP 725...........WK3N 647.......PAØQRB
4481 ..........N6JV 3265......OZ1ACB 2060.......DG7RO 1462.......DL4CW 1217........AB1QB 1002.......IK8YFU 723.........KØDAN 647............NY4G
4326........VE3XN 3250 .......4L1MA 2017........AB1OC 1455........9A2GA 1211 ........VA3VF 976.........KM6HB 716 .........NA1DX 644 ..........KWØH
4312......JH8BOE 3132..........N3XX 2016.........N2WK 1446 ........DF3JO 1201.......IT9ABN 964 ..........K8ZEE 712 ........ISØEBO 636 ..........ZS2DL
SSB
5739 ........OZ5EV 3108.........I4CSP 2595 ........EA1JG 2134......JN3SAC 1812..........K6ND 1386 ......IK4HPU 1089........IZ8FFA 957...........W9QL 694 .......KG4HUF
5484 ..........K2VV 3061 .....WA5VGI 2570 .........N1RR 2098..........K5UR 1800 ......W6OUL 1371 ........VE6BF 1089.......IT9ABN 931..........YB1AR 690...........W6PN
5297...........IØZV 2950........KF7RU 2568 ....SM6DHU 2094..........I8LEL 1646.....VE7SMP 1359 .........NKØS 1083 ..........KX1A 919........KA5EYH 684............KO9V
5040........9A2NA 2936 .........N6QQ 2497.......S58MU 2093........W2WC 1643 ....WD9DZV 1266 ...........NE6I 1042 ......IZØBNR 893........W9RPM 681 ..........N6MM
4554 ..........KF2O 2903 .......IN3QCI 2491 ..........W9IL 2082........W2FKF 1641........AE9DX 1258..........N1KC 1032 .....DG5LAC 875.........K7SAM 675..........F1MQJ
4357 .........EA2IA 2886.........KI7AO 2451......EA3GHZ 2076 ..........K2XF 1623 ........VE9FX 1222 ........YF1AR 1031.......IK8OZP 854..........K6HRT 640 ..........UA9YF
4357........I2MQP 2857........4X6DK 2335 ..........KG1E 2063 .......K9UQN 1622 ..........K5CX 1187 .......IZ1JLG 1031..........K4CN 833.......DK8MCT 637 .........K5WAF
4208 .........I2PJA 2796........N8BJQ 2326 ........CX6BZ 2050 ..........AE5B 1618........AB1OC 1171.........HK3W 1022 ........NW3H 802 ...........N6OU 625 .........4L1MA
3660 .........N4NO 2794......DL8AAV 2326 ........PT7ZT 1975..........N3RC 1611 ........W2ME 1155.......DG7RO 1017........N5KAE 758 .......IV3GOW 624 .........K6KZM
3591 .......KØDEQ 2711......LU8ESU 2310.........AG4W 1955........EA3NP 1587..........N3XX 1150.....VE6BMX 1012........KU4BP 724 ...........W3TZ 606 .........KJ4BIX
3322 ..........I8KCI 2652 .........I3ZSX 2209 ......IK2QPR 1935......SV1EOS 1550.......IK2RPE 1146..........SQ7B 1009 .......K3CWF 717.........KØDAN 604 .........GØBPK
3274 .....YU7BCD 2650 ......IK2DZN 2201..........NQ3A 1926 ..........NXØI 1480 ..........AB5C 1145 ......EA3EQT 1004..........K4HB 717..........N3JON 600 ......WA3PZO
3150 .....SV3AQR 2623 ........W2OO 2200 ..........N6FX 1879.........K3IXD 1463 .........I2EAY 1112..........NH6T 1004 ......WA5UA 714 ........YB2TJV 600 ..........VA3VF
3111 .........W3LL 2613 ........W9OO 2156 .......YO9HP 1825..........KQ8D 1410 ........S55SL 1098..........K4CN 978..........EA7HY 700..........N4FNB
CW
7153........K9QVB 4091 .......KØDEQ 3010 ........IØNNY 2484 ....WD9DZV 2010..........K5UR 1505...........R3IS 1220 ........AA4FU 813 ..........VE9FX 695 ..........S55SL
6483 ....WA2HZR 4004 .....WA5VGI 2948 ......IK3GER 2477 ........VE6BF 2008 .......YO9HP 1480.........WO3Z 1210.......DL4CW 794.......LA5MDA 673...........HK3W
6362 ..........K2VV 3750........N8BJQ 2882 ..........KA7T 2431........I2MQP 1848 .........I2EAY 1447.......EA2CIN 1125 .......IØWOK 783..........YB1AR 652 ........IK2DZN
4774 .........N4NO 3702.........I7PXV 2833 .........N1RR 2424........W2WC 1842 ..........NXØI 1443 ....WA2VQV 1098.......LU5OM 772 .........K3CWF 629 .......IV3GOW
4634........YU7LS 3676.......S58MU 2811 .......OZ5UR 2357 ........W9HR 1762..........K6ND 1389 .......IT9ELD 1049 .......K5WAF 753 ..........F5PBL 620 .........AF5DM
4587........9A2NA 3504 .....YU7BCD 2766 ........W9OO 2295.....EA7AAW 1703 .......K6UXO 1342.....VE6BMX 1002 .....KN1CBR 752..........K6HRT 615 ......JH6JMM
4548 .........EA2IA 3245 .......K9UQN 2685 ........W2OO 2291..........N3XX 1665..........N3RC 1247.......DG7RO 908............NH6T 743........JA5NSR 608........W9RPM
4481 ..........N6JV 3234 .......4L1MA 2638 ..........W9IL 2212 ..........AC5K 1660 .........W3LL 1239.........AG4W 905 ............AE5B 732............SQ7B 605 .....NH6T/W4
4472 ..........KF2O 3317......JN3SAC 2615 .........N6QQ 2029 ......W6OUL 1595 ........PY5FB 1239 ........VE1YX 891.......DK8MCT 720............K4CN 600 ........IK2SGV
4244..........W8IQ 3214 ....SM6DHU 2490 ..........N6FX 2022 ........AF5CC 1568 ...........NE6I 1223 ..........KX1A 821 .......HB9DAX 718..........AB1OC 600............NY4G
DIGITAL
2361 .........N6QQ 1704 ......IK2DZN 1322 .......KØDEQ 1009 ....GUØSUP 916..........AB1OC 860 .........K9UQN 755 ..........WU9D 636........W9RPM
2300 .........W3LL 1644.........AG4W 1240......JN3SAC 1008W2/JR1AQN 908 .........AC7JM 810...........HK3W 724 ...........EA2IA 611............KO9V
2051........N8BJQ 1333 .......YO9HP 1112........AB1QB 959 .........K3CWF 900 ............W9IL 800 ......WA3GOS 672..........K9AAN
1939 ..........KF2O 1325 ........W2OO 1056 .....WA5VGI 957 ..........VA3VF 897 ...........NKØS 798..........KC1UX 670 .......IV3GOW
1875 ....WD9DZV 1322..........N3RC 1047......RW4WZ 931........KH6SAT 866............SQ7B 783..........YB1AR 668........KA5EYH

BY DAVID SIDDALL,* K3ZJ
contesting
+77Ê6Ê>`Ê,1ÊÊ
7À`Ê
>«Ã«ÊVÊ"vv
-ÕiÀÊ
ÌiÃÌ}Ê-i>Ã
Plus, ES5TV Revs Up for Youth
D
uring July, we can look forward to the CQ other amateurs as possible during the contest peri-
World Wide VHF Contest on 6 and 2 meters od on 6 and 2 meters, to promote VHF, to allow
one weekend after the IARU HF Champion- VHF operators the opportunity to experience the
ship occupies 160-10 meters. Below are overviews enhanced propagation available at this time of
of those two competitions. We also report on the year, and for interested amateurs to collect VHF
Youth Contesting Program event at ES5TV that Maidenhead grid locators for awards.
was held in conjunction with the ARI competition Rules for this VHF contest differ somewhat from
in early May. Then we provide an update on new those governing the HF contests, so HF contesters
developments with WRTC2018 being held in should peruse them before the contest begins. For
Germany. example, all stations are allowed to use QSO alert-
Finally, we offer a brief review of software from ing assistance, but no self-spotting or asking to be
K3IT that works with N1MM Logger+. This plug-in spotted is allowed. Nor may non-amateur means
enables seamless recording of an entire contest, of communication be used to arrange QSOs.
indexes the audio by callsign worked, and then Categories are single-operator single band or sin-
facilitates posting the indexed recording on the web gle-operator all-band at QRP levels or over five
so that others can easily find and listen to their own watts. Rover and multi-operator multi-transmitter
(or others¶) signals as heard at your station. also are recognized categories. All authorized
modes may be used — SSB, CW, or digital — and
CQ World Wide VHF Contest any propagation method, including EME.
Hilltopper is a category unique to this contest.
The CQ World Wide VHF Contest runs for 27 hours
This is a single-op QRP portable category for an
over the weekend of July 16-17, from 1800 UTC
all-band entry limited in time to a maximum of 6
Saturday until 2100 UTC Sunday. The objective is
continuous hours. Backpackers and portables
for amateurs around the world to contact as many
that do not want to devote resources and time to
the full contest period are encouraged to partici-
pate, especially to activate rare grids. Any power
k3zj@cq-amateur-radio.com source is acceptable.
Calendar of Events
All year CQ DX Marathon http://bit.ly/1QCtHmu
June 25-26 ARRL Field Day http://www.arrl.org/field-day
June 25-26 King of Spain SSB Contest http://bit.ly/1cKAR5V
June 25-26 Ukrainian DX DIGI Contest http://www.izmail-dx.com/
July 1 RAC Canada Day Contest http://bit.ly/1Rmkuxg
July 2 FISTS Summer Slow Speed Sprint http://fistsna.org/operating.html#sprints
July 2-3 Marconi Memorial HF Contest http://www.arifano.it/contest_marconi.html
July 2-3 DL-DX RTTY Contest http://www.drcg.de/
July 2-3 Original QRP Contest http://www.qrpcc.de/contestrules/index.html
July 3 DARC 10 Meter Digital Contest http://bit.ly/18gGDIM
July 4-10 10-10 Int. Spirit of 76 QSO Party http://www.ten-ten.org/Forms/QSOPartyRules.pdf
July 9 FIST Summer Sprint http://fistsna.org/operating.html#sprints
July 9-10 IARU HF Championship http://www.arrl.org/iaru-hf-championship
July 16-17 CQ WW VHF Contest http://www.cqww-vhf.com/
July 16-17 DMC RTTY Contest http://bit.ly/10psCkt
July 16-17 North American RTTY QSO Party http://ncjweb.com/NAQP-Rules.pdf
July 30-31 RSGB IOTA Contest http://www.rsgbcc.org/hf/rules/2016/riota.shtml
Aug. 6 European HF Championship http://bit.ly/H2eMg5
Aug. 6-7 North American CW QSO Party http://ncjweb.com/NAQP-Rules.pdf
Aug. 6-7 10-10 Int¶l Summer Contest SSB http://www.ten-ten.org/Forms/QSOPartyRules.pdf
Aug. 7 SARL HF Phone Contest http://bit.ly/H0IqQf
Sept. 24-25 CQ WW RTTY DX Contest http://www.cqwwrtty.com
This information also appears monthly on the CQ website.

The complete rules are in the May per band as multipliers (total of four pos- on 20 meters in particular. For those in
issue of CQ or available online at: sible for any single band regardless of the U.S., Scandinavian and Asiatic
<http://bit.ly/1WAM0Mw>. mode). Also, multipliers are counted per Russian stations often can be worked
band, even though mixed-mode com- with QRP power and a simple wire, par-
IARU HF World Championship petitors may work the same station ticularly on contest weekends when the
The IARU HF World Championship twice on each band (phone and CW). stations with large multiple beam anten-
runs for 24 hours on the weekend of July One of the more interesting aspects nas are looking for QSOs.
9-10, from 1200 UTC Saturday until of the IARU HF World Championship is This contest looks to be an exciting
1200 UTC Sunday. The objective is to summer propagation. It can be quite dif- 24-hours trying to collect IARU zones,
contact as many amateurs around the ferent from that in the fall, winter, and headquarters, and officials as multipli-
world as possible using 160, 80, 40, 20, spring. Specifically, with much more ers; keeping an ear open for the
15, and 10 meters, especially those daylight on the northerly paths, signals WRTC2018 test stations (see below);
operating IARU member society head- over polar regions may be exceedingly and (re-) learning summer propagation
quarter stations. strong and continue well after darkness paths. Good luck!
This contest is both a phone and CW
competition. Entrants may select phone
only, CW only, or mixed mode, each at
one of three power levels: QRP (5 watts
maximum), low power (150 watts max-
imum) or high power (1,500 watts max-
imum). All operating categories may be
entered as a single operator with no
assistance or ³unlimited´ with assis-
tance. Note that there are no multiple
transmitter categories. The only multi-
ple operator category is single-trans-
mitter mixed mode.
The scoring can be confusing. But just
leave it to the logging software! This is a
good opportunity to note that a competi-
tor should never obsess over the score
as shown on the screen. The contest
managers — not you and not your soft-
ware — score the logs. The Cabrillo log
that you submit does not even include
points or multiplier information because
the contest management has its own cri-
teria for determining the score. So if a K3IT QSOrder software indexes contest audio by callsign worked and enables
multiplier doesn¶t seem to register, or competitors worldwide to listen to recordings of their own (or others’) signals. It
some other scoring oddity occurs, just answers the question “how did my signal sound in India?” (Internet screen
keep operating. You can try to figure it capture, <http://qsorder-k3it.rhcloud.com>)
out after the contest if you wish but,
again, the contest management scores
your log so it is not necessary to trou-
bleshoot, for example, why that TO2 did
not register as a new country.
The ³different´ aspect of this contest is
the multiplier structure. The multipliers
are the IARU zones (which are different
from CQ zones), member society head-
quarter stations, and IARU officials
worked on each band. All stations are
worked, domestic and DX, and earn
points and count as multipliers based on
type of station and where they are locat-
ed in relation to you. Headquarters sta-
tions often are multi-operator multi-band
affairs, and even multi-location with
authorized stations anywhere in the
country. Some of the bigger headquar-
ters stations try to be on all bands with
propagation, both CW and phone, for the
full 24 hours. IARU ³officials´ send AC
(for administrative council) or R1, R2, or ES5TV is at the rig training YCP guest operators. From (l. to r.) were Tonno,
R3 if a representative from their region. ES5TV, station owner and host; Fiodor, IZ7YBG; Toomas, ES5RY; Dagi, ET3AA
Each of these designators count once op.; and Teodora, LZ2CWW. (Courtesy of ES7GM)

The IARU HF Championship contest-specific rules are at: contest allowed every participant to try out and improve their
<http://www.arrl.org/iaru-hf-championship>. As with all contesting skills in each of the three modes and at each of
ARRL contests, the ARRL¶s general contest rules for all con- the three different operating positions for each mode
tests and the ARRL¶s general contest rules for contests (RUN/S&P/MULT). Tonno notes that having the stations
below 30 MHz also apply1. interlocked presented quite a challenge at first to the young-
sters because each operator had to synchronize with the oth-
ers¶ transmissions ³and avoid getting killed by the mad RUN
Young Contesters Learn “How It’s Done” at operator who often was blocked by one or more of the other
ES9C (@ES5TV) stations.´ After the first few hours, they pretty much had mas-
As noted in the May column, Tonno, ES5TV, volunteered tered the needed synchronization and team cooperation/
use of his superstation to young operators during the (ARI) communication aspects.
Italian Contest over the weekend of May 7-8. The weekend The youth team succeeded in meeting its goal of winning
at Tonno¶s station was part of the IARU Region 1 Youth the world in the competition¶s Multi-Single category (based
Contesters Program (YCP). The youth team persevered on known claimed scores), notwithstanding the operators¶
through challenging propagation and, based on reported inexperience and unfamiliarity with the complicated rules and
raw scores, is likely to claim first place worldwide in the M/S operation of the complex station. The most trying part may
category. have been when the K index sharply increased to produce
Four operators traveled to Estonia to compete together with auroral flutter and weak signals. The young team soldiered
Estonian youngsters. Five countries were represented at the on even as many lesser stations/operators went QRT due to
station, which operated under the contest callsign ES9C for the poor conditions.
the weekend¶s event. Peter, SA2BLV, came south from The YCP emphasizes the important social aspects as well
Sweden; Teodora, LZ2CWW, traveled from Bulgaria; Fiodor, as the contesting experience. Everyone appeared to have
IZ7YBG, came from Italy; and Dagi, operator at ET3AA, was plenty of fun. There were reports of great food prepared
partially sponsored by YASME and flew from Ethiopia on her throughout the contest by Tonu, ES2DW. There also was
first-ever trip outside of her country. Estonian young hams time provided before and after the contest to get to know
helping host the guests were Kris, ES7GM; Tauri, ES5HTA; each other and some of the aspects of life in their host coun-
and Keven, ES6ME. Host mentors were ES5TV, ES5JR, try of Estonia. Kris, ES7GM, summed up the weekend: ³We
ES5RY, ES2DW, and ES5QA. all had great time. Our foreign visitors definitely took a huge
The Italian contest is one of the trickiest for M/S class par- bag of experience back home. Everyone had a chance to
ticipants because there can be only one signal on the air at spend time in that most desired run position and overall I
any instant, multiplier position included. But there are three didn¶t see a single sad face.´ Indeed, everyone looks happy
modes to be used on each band: CW, phone and digital. This in the pictures taken shortly after the contest ended.
The ES9C team gathered after their winning performance in the 2016 ARI Contest (from l. to r.) Juri, ES5JR; Teodora,
LZ2CWW; Tauri, ES5HTA; Kris, ES7GM; Peter, SA2BLV; Fiodor, IZ7YBG; Toomas ES5RY; and Dagi, op. ET3AA.
(Courtesy of ES7GM)

website that enables others to search
and listen to your QSOs by callsign
worked.
The recording is a common MP3 file
that takes up relatively little space —
generally no more than 1 GB for a com-
plete 48-hour contest. As long as the
connections are made to record both
sides of the QSOs, including both chan-
nels if SO2R, the file will meet the
requirements of the CQWW DX Contest
committee if you are fortunate enough
to finish at the top in one of the speci-
fied single operator categories (single
operator [only] top three finisher at the
World, Continent, or U.S. levels).
The recordings are useful to me
because of their other helpful uses. I can
listen to my signal as heard at the DX
end and judge how my audio or keying
sounded. Do I have a rig problem? Was
YCP guest operators hanging tough during the 2016 ARI contest: From (l. to r.) I sending too fast with the auroral flut-
were Fiodor, IZ7YBG; Dagi, ET3AA op.; & Teodora, LZ2CWW. (Courtesy of ter? Would more treble or bass be help-
ES7GM) ful on SSB? Harder or softer keying on
CW?
I also can listen to parts of my own
recording and analyze my perfor-
mance. Am I adding unnecessary
words? Do I go slower on phone after
28 hours? Am I missing calls or send-
ing unnecessary information on CW? It
can be instructive to compare one¶s first
hour of operating with one¶s last hour of
a long contest weekend. There are lim-
itless ways that the audio recordings
can be used for self-improvement in the
radiosport domain.
A day or two after the WPX Phone
contest, I went to the generic QSOrder
page and found that three users that I
From left to right were: Fiodor, IZ7YBG; Toomas, ES5RY; and Dagi, ET3AA op., worked already had uploaded their
share a lighthearted moment together at ES9C (@ES5TV). (Courtesy of ES7GM) audio logs. Simply by typing in my call-
sign I was able to hear the audio as it
A happy note of a different sort: name. Single operator (SO), single-oper- sounded at three different stations in
Tonno, ES5TV, welcomed into the ator two-radio (SO2R), and multi/multi Europe and make my own judgment on
world a new addition to his family near (M/M) all are supported. The recording its quality. Pretty neat! To see if you¶ve
the conclusion of the competition. Con- can be reviewed as a continuous record- worked a user who has uploaded an
gratulations, Tonno! ing or indexed to find specific QSOs. audio log for public listening, go to the
In addition to being relatively easy to QSOrder Search page at: <http://qsor-
use, two aspects of the software make der-k3it.rhcloud.com>. In addition to
K3IT’s QSOrder Brings Order it outstanding for operators willing to uploading your audio files for searching
to N1MM Logger+ Audio Files share their recordings with other con- on this page, you also can put a link on
In last October¶s column we mentioned testants. First, data from the logger is your own webpage or QRZ.com page
the QSOrder software by Vasiliy, K3IT2, used to index the audio clips. This that allows visitors to search and listen
which is an app for contest audio record- allows one to quickly find and listen to to your QSOs in the same manner. To
ing that works with N1MM Logger+. any specific QSO by callsign worked. see how this works, visit K3IT¶s
Since then, Vasiliy has improved Second, Vasiliy has included directions QRZ.com page. The software down-
QSOrder by adding some very useful and means to post the entire indexed load page and directions can be
capabilities. Maybe the best part is that audio file on the Web. This capability accessed at: <http://bit.ly/1OwyR3X>.
QSOrder is relatively easy to implement enables anyone to access it and listen
and use with N1MM Logger+ software. to their own QSO, or any of the other WRTC2018 Update
QSOrder enables N1MM Logger+ QSOs. The QSOs can be stored and WRTC Test Stations in IARU World
users to record their contest QSOs and accessed at a publicly available site Championship: As mentioned in
later replay the file3. The QSO audio is where all QSOs from all users are April¶s column, this year the IARU
stored on your computer in an MP3 for- aggregated. Or, one can provide a link World Championship weekend is being
mat in folders labeled with the contest on one¶s QRZ.com page or on any other used by the WRTC2018 organizers for

training and testing purposes. The orga-
nizing committee plans to have a spe-
cial award available by download for
those working the test stations. The call-
signs to be used and award details will
be posted on the web before the com-
petition. Check the WRTC2018 home-
page for the latest information: <http://
www.wrtc2018.de>.
The WRTC organizers intend to set
up at least five test stations, each with
the antennas and other equipment
intended to be used in 2018. In some
cases, they will be conducting experi-
ments before settling on certain aspects
of the final station rules for the compe-
tition itself. A Spiderbeam antenna con-
sisting of multiple elements for 10, 15,
and 20 meters and a single element for
40 meters will be used at each station.
A fixed dipole for 80 and 160 meters
also will be employed. For this year¶s
event, most sites will be single trans-
mitter, but at least one site will use a
triplexer and filters.
Although a 160-meter antenna is
included in the test sites, no decision
has been made on whether to include Relaxing after the 2016 ARI Contest were top row (from l. to r.): Peter, SA2BLV;
160 meters in the actual 2018 competi- Teodora, LZ2CWW; and Tauri, ES5HTA. On the bottom row were (from l. to r.)
tion. Consideration is being given this Fiodor, IZ7YBG; Dagi, ET3AA op.; and Kris ES7GM (taking the “selfie” with his
possibility because 10 meters is not phone). (Courtesy of ES7GM)
expected to produce many QSOs. We¶ll
have to see how the test stations do this
year on 160 and how feasible the anten- that its tent be for the winners from a In all, 19 of the 65 tent sponsorships were
na proves to be. specific qualification area if it is not made in memory of one or more con-
The WRTC2018 Committee has de- already taken. So, for example, SMC is testers. Maybe you have a mentor or
cided to continue with the multi-2 (M2) sponsoring the NA#3 tent, which will be contester friend who now is an SK that
type format (two operators with two used by the winning Team Leader from you and your friends would consider
transmitters) that was used at WRTC- SMC¶s club area. honoring at WRTC2018. Updated tent
2014 in New England. Therefore, tri- This brings to mind the many tents at sponsorship information is at: <http://
plexers will be permitted and interlock WRTC2014 that were sponsored in bit.ly/1ZXVcs2>.
devices will not be necessary. Using memory of prominent contesters. The On the corporate sponsor side, WiMo
these rules allows each operator to site I tended was sponsored by the for- Antennen & Elektronik GmbH, a large
maximize the number of QSOs with mer operators at K2GL (SK). It brought supplier of amateur radio equipment,
minimal restrictions. forth fond memories by some of the site signed on as a Gold Sponsor. SkySat,
WRTC Sponsorships Increase: visitors. It was interesting to watch as Manufacturer/distributor of the 4O3A
More than 25 percent of tent sponsor- some newer hams learned about series of ham equipment, also has
ships were snapped up during the first K2GL¶s storied history as the first M/M joined to sponsor at the bronze level.
two months of availability. In the U.S., station in the 1950s and about operator
the Society of Midwest Contesters W2SKE¶s immortal account of a week- Conclusion
(SMC) stepped up to sponsor two tents. end contest at K2GL that was published The ³traditional´ HF contest season is
Additional tent sponsors from the U.S. in 1958 in Sports Illustrated. In a mem- fast approaching, and before we know
are M/M Team K3LR; the Arizona orable touch, the sign honoring another it cold weather will provide a disincen-
Outlaws Contest Club; the Northern legendary M/M station owner who com- tive for those of us in northerly zones
California Contest Club (NCCC); the peted directly with K2GL in the 1960s to improve our antennas. Is your sta-
Frankford Radio Club; and the Long and 1970s, W3AU (SK) (ex-W3MSK), tion ready for winter and the contest
Island (Maine) DX Society. Three addi- was presented to his wife after the event. season? ± 73, Dave, K3ZJ
tional tents with sponsorships from
North America are those of Dave and
Barb Leeson, W6NL/K6BL; one in Notes:
memory of well-known contester (and 1. The two sets of general rules are available at: <http://bit.ly/1UFyeQq> and
2016 CQ Contest Hall of Fame <http://bit.ly/1Oz2oE2>.
inductee) Rich Strand, KL7RA (SK); 2. October 2015 CQ Magazine at pages 103-104.
and another in memory of Carl Cook, 3. QSOrder also works with the older N1MM Logger Classic program.
AI6V (SK). Note: a sponsor may request

propagation
BY TOMAS HOOD,* NW7US
-«>ViÊ7i>ÌiÀÊ>`Ê9Õ
A Quick Look at Current Cycle 24 Conditions LAST-MINUTE FORECAST
(Data rounded to nearest whole number) Day-to-Day Conditions Expected for June 2016
Sunspots: Expected Signal Quality

Observed Monthly, March 2016: 33 Propagation Index (4) (3) (2) (1)
Twelve-month smoothed, September 2015: 40 Above Normal:
3-5,12-16,21-22,25-27,30 A A B C
High Normal:
10.7 cm Flux (current): 2,9-10,17-20,29 A B C C-D
Observed Monthly, March 2016: 92 Low Normal:
1,6,11,24,28 B C-B C-D D-E
Twelve-month smoothed, September 2015: 111 Below Normal:
7-8,23 C C-D D-E E
Disturbed:
Index: n/a C-D D E E
Observed Monthly, March 2016: 11
฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
Twelve-month smoothed, September 2015: 13 A--Excellent opening, exceptionally strong, steady signals greater than S9
B--Good opening, moderately strong signals varying between S6 and S9,
with little fading or noise.
฀ ฀ A Quick Look at C--Fair opening, signals between moderately strong and weak, varying
between S3 and S6, with some fading and noise.
Solar Cycle Conditions D--Poor opening, with weak signals varying between S1 and S3, with con-
(Data rounded to nearest whole number) siderable fading and noise.
E--No opening expected.
Sunspots:
Observed Monthly, March 2015: 33 HOW TO USE THIS FORECAST
Twelve-month smoothed, September 2014: 62 1. Find the ฀ associated with the particular path open-
ing from the Propagation Charts appearing in ฀ ฀
฀ by George Jacobs, W3ASK; Theodore J. Cohen,
10.7 cm Flux: N4XX; and Robert B. Rose, K6GKU.
Observed Monthly, March 2015: 126 2. With the propagation index, use the above table to find the expected
signal quality associated with the path opening for any given day of the
Twelve-month smoothed, September 2014: 140 month. For example, an opening shown in the Propagation Charts with a
propagation index of 2 will be poor to fair on June 1, fair on June 2, and
good from June 3 to June 5, and so forth.
Index: 3. Alternatively, the Last Minute Forecast may be used as a general guide
Observed Monthly, March 2015: 17 to space weather and geomagnetic conditions through the month. When
conditions are Above Normal, for example, the geomagnetic field should be
Twelve-month smoothed, September 2014: 9 quiet, and space weather should be mild. On the other hand, days marked
as "Disturbed" will be riddled with geomagnetic storms. Propagation of
radio signals in the HF spectrum will be affected by these conditions. In
W
hy is space weather important to the radio general, when conditions are High Normal to Above Normal, signals will be
more reliable on a given path, when the path is supported ionospherically.
hobbyist? Sure, looking at solar images of
spectacular events like a coronal mass
ejection or a solar prominence is fascinating. But
does this close scrutiny of our local star have any this radiation penetrates the ionosphere, it ener-
value to those of us who use magical boxes of elec- gizes each layer. That’s good at the highest ionos-
tronics, hooked up to wires strung between trees, pheric layer, the F-region. However, at the same
to communicate worldwide? time, the lowest layer that affects ionospheric radio
Those who follow this column know that radio com- signal propagation, the D-region, also becomes
munication is directly affected by the variable Sun. highly energized.
Sunspots, coronal mass ejections, and the solar The energy from the flare can cause the D-region
wind: All of these affect how our radio signals get to become so ionized that all signals in the short-
from transmitter to radio receiver. wave spectrum are absorbed, countering the posi-
For example, powerful “explosions” erupting near tive ionization of the F-region. This results in a com-
sunspot regions can cause sudden ionospheric dis- pletely quiet spectrum, devoid of any signals. Such
turbances (SIDs), or, radio blackouts. Those of us radio blackouts have often caused the radio opera-
who have spent a good number of years on the high tor to wonder if his/her radio died, or perhaps the
frequencies know how suddenly such blackouts can coax was cut! All of this occurs on the sunlit side of
occur. We were in the middle of a QSO, and sud- the Earth, because only the illuminated region of the
denly, all signals on the band are gone. We won- ionosphere is exposed to the flare’s energy.
der: Did our antenna system break? Another space weather event is the coronal mass
At the speed of light, the powerful burst of X-rays, ejection (CME), which may sometimes accompany
extreme ultraviolet (EUV) energy, and other radia- a solar flare. When the flare erupts, it can release a
tion takes about eight minutes to reach Earth. When huge cloud of solar plasma from the sun’s corona.
The CME, if directed Earthward, crashes into our
* P.O. Box 27654 magnetosphere anywhere from two days to four
Omaha, NE 68127 days after it is ejected by the flare. This, in turn, could
<nw7us@nw7us.us> cause long periods (days) of ionospheric depres-
@NW7US sion, making shortwave communications more dif-
@hfradiospacewx ficult than normal.

Figure 1. An overview of space weather on Earth. A solar flare can increase the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation
by a factor of two or more in just a matter of minutes. Only eight minutes after a solar flare event, Earth’s atmosphere
receives the full blast of the flare radiation. The EUV radiation is energetic enough to break apart molecules and atoms to
create our ionosphere. When our ionosphere is disturbed by a solar storm, we can have disruptions in our communication
and GPS navigation systems. One example is the loss of radio communication for the Katrina relief workers during a solar
storm a few days after Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans. (Photo courtesy of USU SWC and NOAA SWPC)
Related to the CME is another space weather event, of This is why governments and private companies spend
longer duration: The coronal hole. When an area of weaker incredible amounts of time and resources to watch the Sun,
magnetic structure develops on the Sun, it can “leak” solar to explore the solar-terrestrial connection between the Sun
plasma out onto the solar wind. This is like the coronal mass and Earth, and to monitor the effects of space weather on
ejection, in that the speed of the solar wind becomes ele- the geomagnetic field, the ionosphere, and so on. This is also
vated (say, from an average of 400 kilometers per second, why, in part, this column is presented each month.
to 700 km/s), carrying this escaping solar material. If the
stream of plasma buffets the Earth, it can have the same
influence on the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere, Our Ultra-High Definition View of the Sun
lowering the Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) of any given Six years ago, on February 11, 2010, NASA launched a United
radio path. Such a long-duration storm occurred from the start Launch Alliance Atlas V-401 rocket with a new spacecraft
of May 8 through early May 9, 2016. A coronal hole rotated tasked with observing the Sun and solar dynamics, called the
into a geo-effective location — a region of the Sun that is Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). SDO is the first satellite
lined up with Earth via the space weather path — and caused under the Living with a Star (LWS) program at NASA, and is
severe degradation of radio communications on the entire the most advanced spacecraft ever designed to study the Sun.
shortwave spectrum. Since then, this column has included many images captured
It stands to reason, then, that knowing about current space by SDO. SDO provides images with clarity 10 times better than
weather conditions, or even knowing what the space weath- high-definition television and we’re just now seeing video at
er is going to be like in the future (whether minutes, hours, the 4K UHD resolution. This columnist’s YouTube channel has
or days), can help you plan effective radio communications. two such movies that you can enjoy, if you have a 4K-capa-
Those who rely on shortwave radio waves to accomplish their ble video system on your computer system. YouTube now sup-
missions, be it military, emergency relief, international broad- ports videos at 4K! When you have some time, check out these
casts, amateur radio — whatever the case may be — being videos at <http://g.nw7us.us/30min4k_SDO>, “An Intimate
able to work with or around the effects of space weather is View: Our Sun in 30 Minutes (Ultra-High Def 4k),” and
key to successful communications. <http://g.nw7us.us/4k_sdo_year6>, “4K UHD Movie of the

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Figure 2. A full-disk multiwavelength extreme ultraviolet image of the sun taken
Phone 516-681-2922 • FAX 516-681-2926
by SDO on March 30, 2010. False colors trace different gas temperatures. Reds
are relatively cool (about 60,000° Kelvin, or 107,540° F); blues and greens are
hotter (greater than 1 million° Kelvin, or 1,799,540° F). (Photo courtesy of
NASA/Goddard/SDO AIA Team)
Sun: Year 6 Review 171A/SDO Video.”

(Yes, it is safe to click on these shortcut
links, as they are links from this colum-
nist’s website).
The spacecraft is designed to fly for
five years, but other spacecraft often
keep working long past their initial mis-
sion lives. The SOHO (Solar and Helio-
spheric Observatory) spacecraft, for
example, which was built to fly for five
years, celebrates its 21-year anniver-
sary this year!
SDO is unlike any other satellite. SDO
produces enough data to fill a single CD
every 36 seconds. Many satellites
share a ground system (place on the
ground where they send data and pho-
tographs) and have recording systems
to save the data collected until they can
talk to their ground station. Because
SDO has no recording system and col-
lects so much data, the SDO mission
had to build its very own ground station.
For this to be possible, SDO was placed
in a geosynchronous orbit (GEO). This
Figure 3. A coronal hole rotated into geo-effective range on the Sun on May 8-9, means that it rotates at the same speed
2016, resulting in a whole day of severe degradation of shortwave ionospheric as the Earth and will always be directly
propagation. This graph of the estimated Planetary K index reveals the contin- above and in constant communication
ued influence of the coronal hole’s escaping solar plasma on the solar wind, with with its ground station in New Mexico.
the Kp reaching 7 several times on May 8. Each bar represents a three-hour Some of the images from the space-
period. (Photo courtesy of NOAA/SWPC)

Figure 4. A coronal hole on May 8-9, 2016 drove the Planetary A Index up to 70, and the High Latitude College A Index to
117. This effectively shut down trans-polar radio propagation and degraded HF communications over many radio paths
worldwide. (Photo courtesy of NW7US/SunSpotWatch.com)
craft show never-before-seen detail of

material streaming outward and away
from sunspots. Others show extreme
close-ups of activity on the Sun’s sur-
face. The spacecraft also makes ultra-
high-resolution measurements of solar
flares in a broad range of extreme ultra-
violet wavelengths.
July Propagation
Solar activity is expected to be a bit lower
than we observed last year at this time.
This results in lower maximum usable
frequencies. Even so, expect fair open-
ings into most areas of the world
throughout the day on 20, 17, and some-
times even on 15 meters. Throughout
the summer, you can expect propaga-
tion between north and south regions
during the daylight hours. Twenty and 17
meters will be the strong daytime bands,
with 20 remaining a popular band
throughout the year. Reception of sta-
tions located in tropical or equatorial
areas may be possible well into the
hours of darkness. For distances
between 800 and several thousand Figure 5. The geo-effective coronal hole of May 8-9, 2016 is easily seen in this
miles, expect exceptionally strong sig- EUV image captured by SDO. The coronal hole is the black region just off the
nals. Multi-hop signals will be observed. center of the solar disc, revealing an area of weak magnetic structure, which
Thirty meters is a year-round power allows solar plasma to escape the Sun’s gravity. The plasma rides the solar wind,
band with outstanding domestic and and from this geo-effective location is well-aimed directly at the Earth. (Photo
international paths, around the clock. courtesy of NASA/SDO)

During periods of low geomagnetic about the same as during March. The this columnist is offering at <http://
activity this summer, this band may offer 12-month smoothed Ap index centered NW7US.us/swc>.
long distance DX all through the night. on October 2015 is 12.5. Expect over- You may email me, write me a letter,
Forty meters offers domestic propa- all geomagnetic activity to vary greatly or catch me on the HF amateur bands.
gation during daylight hours and some- between quiet and disturbed during If you are on Facebook, check out
what during the night, but opens world- most days in July (see the last-minute <http://www.facebook.com/spacewx.
wide after dark. This band suffers from forecast for which days this will likely hfradio> and <http://www.facebook.
summertime noise, created by electri- occur), with storm-level activity proba- com/NW7US>.
cal storms, though. This makes DXing ble at least twice during July. Speaking of Facebook — check out the
weaker signals more of a challenge. I welcome your thoughts, questions, CQ Amateur Radio Magazine fan page
The tropical bands (60, 75, and 80 and experiences regarding this fasci- at <http://www.facebook.com/CQMag>.
meters) are not as noticeably affected nating science of propagation. Please I’ll be keeping my ears to the radio,
by the solar flux, but are degraded dur- check out the space weather and radio hoping to hear you on the air. Happy
ing geomagnetic storminess. Through- propagation self-study course that DX! ± 73, Tomas, NW7US
out the summer, expect these bands to
be more challenging, possibly more this
year than last, because the presence of
coronal holes increases during the
decline of a solar cycle.
Overall, daytime bands will open just For 50 years
before sunlight, and last a few hours
after dark. Look higher in frequency dur- our volunteers have
ing the day, as these frequencies will be
less affected by any solar storms occur-
ring, and more broadcasters have
endured long hours
transmissions in these upper bands. and tough
VHF Conditions
The summertime Sporadic-E (Es) sea-
working conditions
son for the Northern Hemisphere will be
quite active through July. Usually these for no pay.
Es openings are single-hop events with
paths up to 1,500 miles, but July’s Es
events, like June’s, are often double-
hop. Look for HF openings on the high-
er frequencies, as well as on low-VHF,
throughout the day. Don’t forget to
check during the night hours, too.
Current Solar Cycle Progress

The Royal Observatory of Belgium re-
ports that the monthly mean observed
sunspot number for April 2016 is 22.8,
down just over 10 points from March’s
32.9, continuing a steady decline in
this current sunspot cycle. The 12-
month running smoothed sunspot
number centered on October 2015 is
38.6, down a point from September’s
And 9 out of 10
39.6. A smoothed sunspot count of 37,
give or take about 10 points, is expect- would do it again.
ed for July 2016.
The Dominion Radio Astrophysical
Observatory at Penticton, BC, reports TO FIND OUT WHY
the observed radio flux for April 2016
is 93.4, just slightly higher than contact
March’s 91.6, yet still lower than dur-
ing the first of the year and earlier. The REACT International, Inc.
12-month smoothed 10.7-cm flux cen-
tered on October 2015 is 107.9, down (301) 316-2900 • (866) REACT-9-9
from September’s 110.8. The predict-
ed smoothed 10.7-cm solar flux for P.O. Box 21064, Glendale, CA 91221
July 2016 is 96, give or take about 14 REACT.HQ@REACTintl.org
points.
The observed monthly mean plane-
tary A-Index (Ap) for April 2016 is 10,
www.REACTintl.org

2016 CQWW WPX RTTY Contest Line Scores
Number groups after call letters denote folowing: Band (A = all), *AC2OC " 63,873 188 141 AI4WW " 373,470 537 295
Final Score, Number of QSOs, and Prefixes. An asterisk (*) before *KD2DVW " 59,869 175 137 K7OM/4 " 345,390 535 290
a call indicates low power. Certificate winners are listed in bold- *KE2D " 32,548 130 103 NJ4F " 277,560 432 257
face. Late logs are listed in Italic. (Note that country names and *NN2NN " 32,235 128 105 ND1Y/4 " 273,420 416 252
groupings reflect the DXCC list at the time of the contest.) *W2YK " 29,815 103 89 N4QS " 241,530 371 249
*AB2DX " 28,050 133 110 K4RO " 240,448 429 272
SINGLE OPERATOR *KC2LSD " 27,178 132 107 W7HJ/4 " 225,646 390 257
NORTH AMERICA *N2FF " 25,270 108 95 AJ4VE " 222,780 314 282
United States-District 1 *WEØRV/2 " 17,264 95 83 K5VIP/4 " 219,490 390 235
WX1S A 1,958,372 1075 676 (OP:WEØRV/2) K4GAA " 201,072 329 213
KB1W " 1,273,042 944 467 *AD2TM " 7,755 50 47 N4LV " 197,570 353 230
NV1Q " 811,070 763 442 *AA2TH " 7,102 57 53 W4BCG " 168,504 325 236
K1SM " 757,758 715 391 *WB2TPS " 6,815 50 47 AD4TJ " 165,756 323 228
K5ZD/1 " 668,315 597 365 *W2DFC " 6,400 56 50 KC4SAW " 116,220 271 195
AA1O " 484,900 573 325 *K9CHP/2 " 3,915 48 45 N7EO/4 " 97,070 209 170
WA1DRQ " 467,820 521 345 *KA2BSK " 3,192 41 38 K4HAL " 96,075 302 183
AE1T " 387,495 496 327 *NJ1F/2 " 2,997 42 37 W4VIC " 95,628 234 156
W1TO " 370,656 445 297 *K2AMI " 2,052 44 38 AJ4A " 93,541 192 161
W1EQ " 297,000 476 297 *AB2NI " 850 17 17 N4UEZ " 90,746 209 157
K1DBO " 288,600 433 260 *N2WK 21 1,314,920 882 568 NA4C " 90,720 253 162
N1MD " 276,552 409 276 *N2NF " 468,496 507 356 W4DAO " 88,312 180 152
N1FF " 239,338 392 253 *N2MUN " 95,183 216 187 W4DXX " 87,934 181 154
K1RO " 227,652 362 244 *W2VTV 7 84,378 212 147 KB4C " 72,372 195 163
WA1ZYX " 217,080 378 268 (OP:N4AA)
K1VOI " 172,080 344 240 District 3 NS4X " 71,064 198 141
W1NG " 117,923 234 193 AA3B A 7,867,328 2624 952 N4TL " 49,536 166 128
N1KWF " 104,896 228 176 N3QE " 2,913,318 1488 681 W5XB/4 " 47,630 153 110
WK1J " 76,032 161 132 W3FV " 2,847,495 1397 705 NR4C " 39,690 156 126
K3IU/1 " 69,309 186 153 AB3CV " 2,720,256 1438 672 K8AC/4 " 35,880 140 120
WA2HIP/1 " 61,908 210 154 K3MD " 1,965,414 1270 614 W9WI/4 " 27,900 132 100
N1KM " 47,520 133 110 KY3X " 925,947 831 423 WR4B " 10,521 66 63
K1IG " 7,384 58 52 (OP:NE3H) N4DJ " 4,025 41 35
*KS1J A 1,318,800 912 525 KA3GIK " 886,950 769 438 N4MM " 2,697 33 31
*K1PU " 410,601 521 291 (OP:W3FIZ) W3GQ/4 " 1,679 23 23
*KG4V/1 " 383,700 427 300 W3GVX " 647,570 641 385 K6ELE/4 " 1 1 1
(OP:N1EN) 4U1WB/3 " 365,110 592 290 N3UA/4 28 31,772 119 94
*W1ARY " 378,288 514 296 (OP:AJ3M) N3ND/4 " 6,533 50 47
*NG1I " 316,092 501 284 K3ZU " 282,960 391 270 K7BV/4 14 905,808 854 501
*W1MAW " 224,874 348 234 W3DAD " 230,490 388 234 KE4S " 940 20 20
*WN1E " 178,245 298 233 N3SQD " 205,155 395 235 K9OM/4 7 2,192,256 949 576
*W1HBR " 119,755 285 215 W3RMS " 203,112 326 234 K4GMH " 2,102,100 871 539
*KR1CW " 111,414 239 186 NN3RP " 177,452 335 218 K4FJ 3.5 918 17 17
*W1MSW " 102,808 213 181 NG3R " 152,096 268 224 *KK9A/4 A 5,279,890 2299 770
*K1MAZ " 77,010 210 151 (OP:N3DXX) *WB4YDL " 1,038,185 1008 445
*K1XS " 52,882 181 137 K3WW " 104,370 188 147 *WB2RHM/4 " 549,974 593 353
*KC1ACN " 29,810 119 110 WI2E/3 " 59,823 186 153 *AA2MF/4 " 466,710 614 331
*KJ1J " 26,826 119 102 N3XL " 55,704 172 132 *KT4RR " 351,600 549 293
*WC4E/1 " 24,360 97 84 K3RMB " 51,689 179 127 (OP:W5MX)
*W1GIV " 22,659 99 83 N3MX " 49,623 144 119 *N4CW " 334,356 406 298
*KG1V " 20,384 107 91 N3WMC " 41,261 186 121 *AI4GR " 267,008 433 256
*K1LHO " 18,512 116 89 NW3DC " 513 22 19 *W6IHG/4 " 259,956 394 261
*AA1SU " 16,798 98 74 (OP:W3DQ) *KG4IGC " 258,028 465 257
*WA1N " 11,840 85 74 W3RTY 14 238,784 416 287 *W4PJW " 199,800 373 225
*KC1AXJ " 8,294 66 58 *K2LNS/3 A 1,039,500 859 450 *N2ESP/4 " 199,789 309 241
*KC1DKY " 920 21 20 *W3KB " 1,038,048 745 528 *KK4HEG " 194,208 427 224
*W1FYM " 891 28 27 *KY3W " 506,399 546 349 *N3CKI/4 " 189,072 422 202
*KC1DDO 14 5,141 61 53 *KX2S/3 " 330,820 466 278 *KM4JA " 164,800 320 200
*W1HFG 7 308 15 14 *KB3Z " 228,310 293 289 *KS4S " 163,496 342 214
*AB1J 3.5 93,572 251 149 *KB3OZC " 224,158 375 253 *KY4F " 160,590 342 202
*KC1ANM " 286 12 11 *KA2VLP/3 " 182,063 344 217 *W4JSI " 160,000 296 200
*N3ALN " 155,100 313 220 *W3CL/4 " 152,464 325 208
District 2 *N3WZR " 150,592 278 208 *W1CCE/4 " 151,904 325 202
KF2O A 3,186,414 1449 726 *KD3HN " 137,788 256 196 *K4FJW " 147,400 322 200
NR2C " 2,527,380 1380 684 *KO3T " 92,259 208 153 *K9JU/4 " 143,850 287 210
W2YC " 2,487,750 1269 642 *WA3ZSC " 70,626 217 158 *KM4FO " 143,352 308 198
W2GR " 2,297,148 1344 644 *N3MWQ " 63,180 204 156 *K8YE/4 " 139,008 298 192
KU2M " 2,246,552 1162 616 *KD3TB " 56,017 174 139 *K4FTO " 129,642 293 186
AB2ZY " 567,606 636 383 *NV3Y " 44,070 143 130 *K3IE/4 " 126,225 274 187
K2NV " 543,666 594 361 *KC3DBG " 41,600 125 100 *KM4FRM " 111,555 256 185
WA2MCR " 433,382 536 337 *K3FH " 35,568 132 104 *WØQQG/4 " 111,239 286 173
W2LE " 387,416 446 316 *KØOO/3 " 34,210 148 110 *KW4CR " 104,130 242 178
WS9M/2 " 363,795 530 307 *N3JIX " 32,634 112 98 *W4TTM " 100,130 245 170
KB2CKN " 301,050 484 270 *ND3N " 31,581 134 99 *KO4GS " 95,450 245 166
K2UF " 197,792 376 224 *W3DQT " 17,475 83 75 *NC4AK " 94,556 200 154
WB2PJH " 175,351 298 209 *W3SFG " 11,375 71 65 *N5SMQ/4 " 88,536 230 168
WC2L " 135,519 242 199 *K3UA " 10,458 79 63 *KS4YX " 84,836 257 167
WB2NVR " 111,699 242 189 *W3DKT " 7,809 64 57 *NF4E " 84,303 215 171
K2RB " 102,837 228 177 *N3JNX " 7,598 64 58 *N9DFD/4 " 81,836 211 164
K2MK " 95,906 198 158 *WA3GOS " 6,210 61 54 *KA1DBE/4 " 81,614 207 146
W2CG " 90,270 199 153 *K3JZD " 4,218 39 38 *WA8OJR/4 " 81,500 247 163
NG2P " 87,711 225 169 *K3FS " 3,840 34 32 *NC4MI " 79,182 209 159
KC2LST " 67,350 214 150 *W3BUI " 1,768 28 26 *K4MI " 69,322 186 137
WB2WPM " 37,506 148 114 *W3MTP " 264 12 12 *WA4DYD " 67,257 202 141
KA2AEY " 27,577 144 109 *N8HM/3 " 144 10 8 *W5NZ/4 " 66,528 276 168
K2QY " 26,040 124 105 *KB3JZB 28 23,055 104 87 *N4QWB " 66,518 196 158
KC2KZJ " 12,711 67 57 *N3NZ 14 2,442 35 33 *K4NC " 61,548 165 138
AG2T 21 268,498 386 298 *WA1HEW/3 7 57,600 174 120 *ND4X " 60,900 201 150
*KA2D A 1,114,245 859 495 *K4GM " 60,116 177 133
*K2DSL " 593,806 626 367 District 4 *K4DJG " 57,658 174 127
*K2RET " 500,526 540 351 W4GKM A 2,054,340 1582 606 *K4EDI " 46,000 141 125
*WB2COY " 458,180 578 310 N6AR/4 " 1,698,504 1171 552 *K4BX " 39,930 150 121
*KS2G " 350,910 473 315 W4UEF " 1,691,270 1179 518 *W4WWQ " 39,483 129 107
*K2SI " 309,686 471 277 NY4I " 1,154,000 875 500 *N4WD " 31,610 142 109
*AK2S " 200,025 362 225 (OP:W4CU) *KA3MTT/4 " 30,352 147 112
*AC2QY " 195,930 322 210 W4UK " 976,100 964 454 *KM4RK " 30,069 126 117
*AD2KA " 187,054 370 217 W2YE/4 " 944,735 773 445 *VE3JDF/W4 " 28,971 131 111
*KD2HEK " 168,000 314 240 AA4DD " 828,165 716 403 (OP:VE3JDF/W4)
*WB2NFL " 130,174 271 194 K4LTE " 562,005 627 345 *N4BCC " 28,796 112 92
*K2KIB " 114,023 256 179 W4PK " 540,798 577 346 *AB4LX " 27,440 118 98
*K2AL " 105,968 264 179 K4SO " 524,433 525 357 *AC4RD " 25,344 111 96
*KA2FHN " 89,408 225 176 KY4XX " 512,256 524 348 *KC3EF/4 " 23,072 122 103
*WA2PNI " 68,766 199 157 (OP:K4WW) *NC9W/4 " 22,264 112 88
*N2HMM " 67,195 211 151 AI4WU " 428,535 608 321 *AD4AX/4 " 21,222 100 81

*AD4EB " 20,793 99 87 NZ6K " 184,245 434 213 KT7G " 8,512 72 56
*AE4WG " 14,938 82 77 (OP:K6RB) KF7PBM " 4,320 58 48
*AA4LR " 12,296 64 58 AK6M " 155,589 321 217 WZ7ZR 28 167,948 438 242
*N6DW/4 " 7,965 60 59 (OP:K6MM) (OP:W7ZR)
*K2LYV/4 " 6,834 64 51 NK6A " 131,228 362 212 AA7V " 33,152 166 112
*KC4SIT " 6,572 59 53 WX6V " 101,205 221 173 K8IA/7 21 1,902,800 1313 670
*WD4LBR " 6,222 53 51 K6HGF " 93,055 270 185 WK7S " 1,639,338 1254 631
*KR4YO " 6,160 57 44 N6XG " 76,760 232 152 (OP:K6LL)
*AJ4AA " 5,635 58 49 N6RK " 75,616 240 139 K5ZM/7 " 94,208 242 184
*KS3K/4 " 3,995 52 47 K6XN " 74,298 240 174 KY7M " 71,668 225 164
*N4KHI " 1,980 35 33 N6ML " 68,018 152 142 N7NM 14 671,370 834 483
*AD4YQ " 1,200 24 24 (OP:@K6LRG) KZ7X " 260,929 564 311
*N4VZ " 910 14 14 K6GFJ " 66,528 245 154 KX7L 3.5 8,778 72 57
*AK4CJ " 112 8 8 W6OAT " 61,692 230 159 *KE7X A 480,036 782 367
*N2WN/4 28 69,300 197 140 K6MKF " 55,755 192 135 *W7OM " 352,495 578 319
*NA4W " 16,906 105 79 W6NS " 48,312 158 132 *K7ANT " 253,440 399 264
(OP:K4WI) WQ6O " 39,476 201 139 *N7UVH " 234,957 506 271
*W4LC 14 327,488 462 344 (OP:N6WM) *KC7V " 172,480 399 245
*K4PZC " 43,884 171 138 NE6I " 37,994 207 121 *WX7M " 151,648 332 224
*N3CZ/4 " 1,664 26 26 N6ER " 26,384 127 97 (OP:K7XC)
*WA1FCN/4 7 771,528 673 372 KW6S " 21,070 128 86 *N7DQ " 149,160 360 220
*NN4RB " 128 8 8 AB1U/6 " 20,740 107 85 *W7TSQ " 122,003 323 203
(OP:W6RKC) *N7ESU " 101,074 338 194
District 5 WB6JJJ " 18,568 105 88 *WAØWWW/7 " 101,067 268 177
AD5XD A 1,919,670 1443 610 WE6Z " 14,625 100 75 *K7ON " 84,240 251 144
WD5K " 1,391,920 1162 548 WU6C " 12,616 107 83 *W8WOM/7 " 78,715 249 173
WM5DX " 1,321,650 1065 495 KM6I " 12,322 89 61 *KD7PCE " 76,692 289 154
K5RT " 1,185,867 979 501 AG6AY " 3,230 42 38 *AF7S " 71,200 213 160
K5RZA " 598,062 817 379 N6HE 21 107,694 259 186 *NG7Z " 67,650 251 150
NT5V " 560,470 665 410 W6WRT " 100,800 259 175 *K7GS " 63,837 210 173
WQ5L " 464,340 590 327 WV6I " 43,648 168 124 *KW7N " 46,860 172 132
K5NZ " 418,066 525 341 (OP:N6WM) *N7DB " 44,145 205 135
N5RZ " 390,875 711 295 K6YL 3.5 112 7 7 *NA7RH " 32,232 141 102
K5MXG " 372,419 520 323 *WN6K A 784,628 931 382 *KDØLHI/7 " 26,967 131 101
N5TF " 217,868 421 251 *KM6Z " 477,286 760 334 *N7FG " 25,344 150 99
KD5JAA " 197,152 327 244 *K6LRN " 199,917 366 229 *K7RBT " 21,203 122 91
KE5TD " 114,885 244 207 *AF6WG " 109,120 262 176 *WA7YAZ " 21,185 135 95
W2GS/5 " 100,130 205 155 *W6KY " 67,678 242 137 *K3WYC/7 " 14,820 76 76
N5XJ " 80,178 201 161 *NC6B " 61,290 195 135 *WB7QXU " 12,000 94 80
W5MF " 78,375 273 165 *AI6EJ " 60,771 220 141 *N3XRU/7 " 9,362 69 62
N5MOA " 64,815 170 149 *K6LE " 60,336 244 144 *KK5CR/7 " 7,228 78 52
KK5OQ " 54,375 183 125 *AA6MK " 32,096 186 118 *NJ8G/7 " 7,006 78 62
K9OZ/5 " 28,254 118 102 *AE6JV " 27,707 145 103 *N1JM/7 " 5,390 67 55
N5XZ " 22,184 124 94 *K6TIG " 19,847 114 89 *KF7DX " 4,590 49 45
W5KI " 21,297 113 93 *KA6MLE " 14,744 97 76 *NK9I/7 " 4,590 76 54
K5MM " 11,832 73 68 *KK6TV " 14,432 119 88 *K7DD " 4,465 50 47
K5CM " 8,208 67 54 *AI6CN " 11,088 91 72 *AE7DW " 2,747 47 41
KD5J " 6,384 71 56 *AI6DO " 10,988 79 67 *N6HI/7 " 2,736 46 36
WA2VYA/5 " 4,633 50 41 *N2CJN/6 " 9,362 83 62 *KE1DS/7 " 2,592 43 36
K5CI " 3,180 33 30 *W6JBR " 7,038 66 51 *KI7DAN " 1,716 45 33
N5RMS 7 26,622 93 87 *NA6MB " 6,144 62 48 *N7TMS " 1,690 32 26
*AA5AU A 2,461,050 1614 675 *N6DZR " 5,390 52 49 *N7ZUF " 1,260 29 28
*WB5TUF " 1,268,925 1011 525 *K6BIR " 4,512 59 47 *KA6JLT/7 " 900 29 20
*NN5T " 452,661 676 319 *NØKQ/6 " 1,128 30 24 *NA2U/7 " 171 9 9
*W3DQN/5 " 376,596 564 317 *KK6DCT " 1,008 27 24 *WM5F/7 " 112 8 8
*WF5E " 352,044 542 308 *WQ6X " 448 19 16 *WN7Y 28 96 6 6
*AC5O " 316,641 584 299 *AA6VX " 40 10 10 *W1ZD/7 21 503,139 595 399
*N5KWN " 287,802 518 271 *KB6NN " 6 2 2 *K7WP " 274,512 431 304
*N5RLM " 228,480 413 240 *WM6A 28 372 13 12 *AA7UN " 7,550 56 50
*N5XE " 201,872 366 248 (OP:K6TA) *KV7J " 2,574 42 39
*W5WI " 124,962 242 177 *K6GHA 14 286,090 461 335 *K6ST/7 " 90 9 9
*KT5MR " 111,159 326 179 *N6EE 3.5 13,860 91 66 *K1AUS/7 14 1,512 40 36
*WB5K " 105,672 304 168 *W7PP 3.5 17,550 101 75
*KF5BA " 103,596 276 178 District 7 *N7TEW " 72 6 6
*K5DHY " 72,708 213 146 KS7AA A 4,104,565 2435 731
*KD5JHE " 70,448 225 148 (OP:WK6I) District 8
*KF5VRD " 41,654 164 118 WW7RY " 1,767,983 1331 581 ND8L A 592,864 550 382
*KC5WA " 38,375 152 125 (OP:W7RY) W8UL " 479,424 502 352
*AC5AA " 36,698 154 118 KA6BIM/7 " 1,628,520 1086 492 N8LRG " 464,645 541 335
*AJ4F/5 " 34,317 179 123 W6AEA/7 " 896,584 902 466 W8KX " 278,658 380 274
*N5YT " 34,272 136 112 KQ7M " 869,979 916 451 W8CAR " 227,154 399 262
*W5LA " 34,160 153 122 (OP:KØMP) W8TWA " 130,208 284 208
*KE5OG " 22,325 141 95 W7VXS " 512,250 754 375 N8HP " 112,220 272 181
*AE5ZA " 18,744 100 88 K7AR " 473,760 546 329 KB8ECG " 66,885 188 147
*WM5Q " 15,624 100 84 KZ1W/7 " 445,824 594 344 W8EH " 8,855 61 55
*W4HVH/5 " 11,880 87 72 K7VIT " 413,448 629 322 WD8ANZ " 1,120 17 16
*AC5T " 6,216 49 42 NC7J " 347,447 648 337 W8JWN 21 563,448 609 408
*WR5O " 3,430 64 49 (OP:W7CT) *K8AJS A 746,028 681 414
*W5JE " 1,972 35 34 KB7N " 337,636 627 302 *N8CWU " 410,800 579 316
*K7ZYV/5 " 1,815 41 33 KX7YT " 208,814 477 262 *K9NW/8 " 171,385 321 227
*W5RAW " 1,012 26 23 KO7SS " 195,584 334 256 *K7DR/8 " 132,696 312 194
*K5ND 21 26,510 133 110 WC7Q " 192,080 498 245 *WB8JAY " 111,112 247 172
*AF5CC " 3,432 41 39 WA7LNW " 178,533 416 239 *WA8RPK " 96,534 255 186
*KF5TXU 14 2,109 40 37 WO7V " 157,400 387 200 *K8SIA " 93,292 230 166
*N5RN 3.5 54,180 201 126 K7BVT " 150,998 309 206 *W8TAH " 83,475 232 175
AK7O " 140,800 366 220 *N8EA " 81,838 213 166
District 6 KS7S " 138,690 322 207 *K8SE " 75,192 195 156
WQ6K A 3,084,400 1492 701 W7LKG " 138,656 298 224 *WS6K/8 " 66,603 221 149
(OP:N6IE) NI7R " 124,504 318 197 *N8FYL " 57,084 176 142
K6MR " 2,296,760 1514 670 W7PU " 114,912 350 224 *NX8G " 50,292 189 132
NO6F " 2,066,705 1551 535 WS7L " 113,300 312 206 *KI8JY " 44,118 154 129
(OP:K6TU) WG7X " 103,062 306 178 *AA8EN " 33,744 156 111
W6SX " 1,462,599 1493 489 WR7Q " 93,687 284 167 *KC8RPV " 29,545 129 95
KYØW/6 " 1,020,577 1013 449 W7KKC " 84,960 265 180 *N8TCP " 25,756 113 94
(OP:K6SRZ) W7BRO " 83,782 221 163 *N8YQX " 20,670 115 78
AG6AU " 950,103 1020 457 N7ZO " 80,384 209 157 *NF8M " 19,278 100 81
NN6XX " 854,485 1074 415 NS7K " 76,095 253 171 *N8VCF " 15,522 104 78
K6EU " 734,860 897 406 NO7T " 74,256 212 156 *AD8Y " 14,250 92 75
AF6SA " 639,540 710 418 K9QJS/7 " 69,462 212 153 *K8CBC " 14,112 83 72
KR6N " 565,506 799 353 N7TR " 60,229 152 113 *W8IDM " 12,283 99 71
W6KPO " 497,945 649 347 KB7KYK " 53,960 212 142 *KD8MQ " 3,570 43 35
(OP:N6DQ) N7DXT " 47,360 191 128 *W8EIR " 462 15 14
NA6O " 494,864 597 314 AE7AB " 34,153 205 119 *AC8SA " 396 11 11
AG1RL/6 " 463,060 721 338 K9DR/7 " 23,030 120 94 *W8JGU 3.5 19,256 104 83
(OP:W1SRD) WA2BFW/7 " 17,496 97 72
NN6NN " 405,240 609 330 KI7DG " 17,255 113 85 District 9
(OP:W6XK) W7WR " 14,948 100 74 WE9V A 2,766,150 1687 683
N2NS/6 " 398,793 494 307 KJ9C/7 " 13,528 94 76 W9IU " 1,941,945 1270 555
WA6OSX " 370,359 577 319 AF7QZ " 12,410 125 85 N2BJ/9 " 1,791,425 1115 655
K6KNS " 277,056 555 288 K6UM/7 " 10,268 80 68 WØELT/9 " 1,481,184 1186 556
N6QQ " 262,770 348 285 K7EIQ " 9,660 62 60 WD9Q " 915,513 792 453
KO6LU " 216,228 488 222 W7GDK " 9,450 84 70 K9JWI " 427,344 589 307

NS9I " 257,796 425 279 *WØDC " 110,770 249 190 *VE6AMI A 711,312 733 348
W9DCA " 232,083 405 241 *KFØUR " 100,657 381 191 *VE6AX " 167,228 342 194
K9RU " 191,292 377 228 *KØMPH " 70,512 207 156 *VE6QO " 91,650 240 141
K9PY " 167,466 340 226 *AAØAW " 50,920 137 134 *VE6SPS " 51,635 198 115
W9IIX " 155,949 353 229 *KØTLG " 46,812 210 141 *VE6DDD " 31,488 105 96
KB9NW " 65,424 177 141 *WXØZ " 38,640 157 112 *VA6XDX " 13,333 77 67
K3WA/9 " 28,140 112 84 *WCØWB " 35,152 136 104 (OP:VE6LB)
N9LYE " 27,360 110 90 *KØTC " 33,372 152 108 *VE6SQ " 13,041 78 63
N9TK " 20,271 111 87 *N8TUT/Ø " 32,412 173 111 *VA6AK 21 167,552 336 224
KU9Z " 17,139 112 87 *KØSDW " 31,680 163 120 *VA6NJK 14 1,827 31 29
N9IO " 8,320 59 52 *WRØU " 30,401 136 101
K9QH " 510 15 15 *ADØFL " 29,412 168 114 District 7
W9ILY 21 899,198 749 499 *WBØKGN " 26,384 118 97 VE7CC A 4,060,912 1849 719
W9EAU " 25,641 107 99 *KCØJRW " 10,540 97 68 VE7SZ " 1,223,640 935 440
(OP:KB9S) *ACØW " 9,798 87 71 VA7ST " 991,452 830 406
WK9U 7 479,516 571 313 *NØAXE " 9,384 81 69 VE7SQ " 515,530 666 310
W9AKS " 54,064 169 124 *NØBAK " 9,240 77 66 VE7AX " 102,771 228 171
*NJ9R A 561,810 687 366 *KE4KE/Ø " 7,504 60 56 VC7M 28 79,200 250 150
*KW9U " 448,864 556 332 *WIØWA " 5,332 68 62 (OP:VE7JH)
*W9PA " 244,629 319 231 (OP:KC8R) VE7UF 21 619,861 627 407
*ND9Z " 209,040 398 240 *KEØARY " 4,848 61 48 VE7ACN 14 1,491,325 1026 605
*WT2P/9 " 200,010 440 226 *NØIBT " 3,744 64 48 VE7JH 3.5 273,360 349 201
*WB9TFH " 195,755 415 235 *KO6RM/Ø " 3,195 59 45 *VE7YU A 3,392 37 32
*W9RF " 195,110 427 218 *KDØCVZ " 3,149 54 47 *VE7HBS " 2,059 36 29
*WB8BZK/9 " 163,020 319 195 *KØTNT " 2,760 47 40 *VE7BGP " 672 18 14
*WI9WI " 148,074 352 222 *NEØDA " 1,120 23 20 *VA7MM 21 16,800 93 80
*KB9DVC " 141,934 298 206 *KBØJIT " 600 25 25
*KS9A " 129,087 283 189 *KFØIQ " 385 12 11 District Ø
*AA9L " 127,530 286 195 *KBØCM " 90 9 9 *VYØERC 14 16,036 93 76
*NA9RB " 126,524 266 188 *WNØL 21 175,872 317 256 (OP:VE1RUS)
*N9LQ " 98,212 289 172 *ABØP 14 34,450 161 130
*K9DX " 92,910 276 190 *KCØTRK " 4,266 77 54 Costa Rica
*W9VQ " 89,280 201 180 *KCØDEB 7 44,128 136 112 *TI2OY A 907,330 751 410
*W9FY " 86,636 267 179 *W6NF/Ø 3.5 3,150 38 35
*KD9MS " 86,304 248 186 Cuba
*NM9P " 85,440 227 160 Alaska *CO6WD A 161,540 250 205
*K9MMS " 77,000 201 154 KL7SB A 894,362 852 386 *CO2XK " 86,544 198 144
*N9SB " 73,438 217 146 AL9A " 769,824 802 352 *CO2WL " 16,492 113 76
*N9LF " 67,199 206 149 AL1G " 335,160 514 266 *CO2RVA 14 125,370 308 199
*NK9O " 66,164 192 139 KL2R 7 84,252 162 118 *CO6GU " 50,715 189 147
*AC9GK " 61,336 179 136 (OP:N1TX) *CO6OO " 25,970 124 98
*N9UA " 61,289 167 167 *AL7LO A 56,440 184 136 *CO6RD 7 324,802 335 233
*KS9W " 53,818 159 142 *KL2ZZ 14 7,452 66 54 *CO6HZ " 109,500 196 150
*KC9TQR " 49,530 218 130 *CM2KL " 57,888 133 108
*KC9NBV " 41,644 122 116 *CO2JD 3.5 113,424 201 139
Canada-District 2
*W9KG " 39,250 137 125 VY2LI 7 638,970 461 295
*KOØZ/9 " 37,296 145 111 Greenland
*VE9WH A 108,640 243 160
*KC9YL " 31,752 137 108 *OX3LX A 77,400 191 129
*VA1CHP " 82,152 210 168
*W9OA " 30,992 113 104 *VE1ZD " 60,066 164 141
*WQ9T " 28,245 117 105 Grenada
*VE9BWK " 28,000 115 100
*WU9D " 27,775 157 101 *J35X 21 79,825 220 155
*VO2NS 14 106,720 260 184
*N9VPV " 26,505 113 93 VE2FK A 1,998,630 1200 530
*WR9Y " 26,400 129 100 Guadeloupe
VE2GSO " 1,786,988 1147 532
*W9YK " 26,112 129 102 TO6D A 322,326 396 282
VE2NMB " 393,660 449 270
*AA9HQ " 24,840 131 90 FG4NO 7 164,640 220 168
VE2EZD " 248,826 377 226
*WA9LEY " 23,064 123 93 *FG5LA A 1,390,086 1083 522
VE2SG " 112,752 225 162
*NK4P/9 " 19,272 96 88 *FG1PP " 71,944 171 136
VE2FXL " 55,468 156 98
*WB8RFB/9 " 12,800 98 80 *VA2ES A 1,810,818 1129 522
*N9LJX " 8,060 61 52 Guatemala
(OP:VE2AXO)
*N9RU " 7,200 55 48 TG9IIN A 770,886 787 379
*VE2EBK " 1,632,540 1041 507
*N9BT " 594 21 18 *TG9ANF A 681,096 881 354
*VE2BVV " 917,577 689 387
*KC9TTR " 238 16 14 *TG9ADQ 21 199,565 374 239
*VE2ZT " 389,200 471 280
*W9TTY " 54 7 6 *VA2QR " 112,892 226 169
*KG9JP 21 47,348 144 133 Jamaica
*VE2QV " 53,802 149 122
*WA9LKZ " 600 15 15 6Y4K A 3,920,700 1787 700
*VE2SCA " 25,960 109 88
*N9TF 14 212,064 431 282 (OP:VE3NZ)
*VE2PDT " 21,588 101 84
*KA9O 7 120,666 262 169 *VE2QQ " 12,308 78 68
*KEØL/9 " 3,234 44 33 Mexico
*VA2EI 21 16,929 87 81
*AB9YC 3.5 78,880 247 145 6DØF A 951,335 855 385
(OP:VE2EVN)
(OP:XE1H)
*VA2SG 14 20,970 97 90
District Ø XE2K 14 1,083,121 974 493
ACØC A 4,929,946 2191 887 XE2CQ 7 1,330,118 791 373
District 3
KØKX " 857,658 623 446 XE2DN 3.5 36,520 114 83
VE3UTT A 3,656,054 1381 734
NØKE " 713,412 723 399 *XE2FGC A 584,695 614 347
VE3CX " 3,589,365 1761 699
KØBJ " 517,452 521 372 *XE1USG " 150,540 296 195
VE3TW " 849,856 743 392
KØBX " 477,040 591 335 *XE2AU " 144,522 322 186
VE3TCV " 258,266 394 263
ABØS " 466,014 733 303 *XE1EE " 22,742 104 83
VA3DX " 245,140 292 238
KØJPL " 322,092 475 276 *XE1ZTW " 21,996 103 78
VE3SS " 239,607 322 237
KØAP " 308,842 499 307 *XE1GZU 21 4,042 44 43
VA3XH " 93,990 171 130
KØJJR " 295,920 419 274 *XE1CT 7 2,950 26 25
*VA3DF A 2,810,605 1296 655
K4IU/Ø " 234,740 439 242 *VE3KI " 2,041,490 1176 554
WBØN " 223,905 422 253 Puerto Rico
*VE3FH " 813,240 727 360
WØTY " 212,848 358 251 KP4JFR 21 201,250 338 250
*VA3MJR " 712,144 611 376
KØAD " 203,280 484 242 *WP3E A 780,780 779 420
*VE3YT " 299,382 439 246
NOØL " 200,147 393 233 (OP:NP4EG)
*VE3MGY " 270,480 396 196
KØVG " 185,232 376 227 *WP4PGY " 244,545 451 255
*VE3CV " 145,176 251 184
KØEOO " 138,128 244 194 *WP3GW " 128,925 239 191
*VE3AJ " 102,610 208 155
W9LHG/Ø " 130,464 307 216 *NP3YL 28 47,880 198 120
*VE3NEA " 94,088 184 152
KEØA " 65,254 200 158 *NP4RA 21 60,320 198 145
*VE3FJ " 66,882 194 142
WØKIT " 41,745 179 121 *WP4WW 7 384,744 340 246
*VA3IK " 52,503 155 129
NRØT " 41,724 174 114 (OP:KP4JRS)
*VE3NI " 51,260 142 110
WØERP " 38,556 157 126 *VE3XAT " 43,974 134 126
WØDET " 35,168 149 112 Saba & St. Eustatius
*VE3KAO " 32,960 113 103
NFØN " 16,767 108 81 *PJ6/NM1Y A 2,680,525 1518 599
*VE3HG " 32,400 113 100
K5ZG/Ø " 8,236 94 71 (OP:NM1Y)
*VE3RUV " 24,104 105 92
WØPNA " 7,320 79 60 *VE3YXO " 2,112 33 32
(OP:OA4ABC) St. Lucia
*VE3IAE 14 167,526 314 227
ACØB " 3,816 38 36 *J62DX A 47,640 156 120
*VE3JAQ " 64,370 187 157
KØALT " 3,320 43 40
WØDD " 3,108 45 42
KSØAA 21 266,552 458 286 District 4 AFRICA
WØIY 7 64,750 148 125 VE4VT A 2,164,833 1399 591 Canary Islands
*NTØF A 1,030,436 946 484 (OP:VE4EAR) EA8DO A 1,394,582 885 427
*K7MKL/Ø " 431,648 710 329 EA8KL " 98,080 200 160
*WGØM " 344,433 517 321 District 5 EA8ZS " 97,760 174 130
*KØYR " 200,521 393 239 VE5MX A 388,167 441 269 EB8AH 21 3,473,820 1556 756
*KIØJ " 177,600 360 222 *VE5KS 14 48,300 149 140 (OP:OH4KA)
*KSØM " 168,896 341 208 EA8CMX 14 1,129,056 835 456
*WØPI " 160,484 405 212 District 6 *EA8/DF5MA A 663,600 615 350
*ADØJA " 159,744 350 208 VE6BBP A 563,730 669 345 *EA8AQV " 418,464 427 288
*NØGOS " 144,320 466 205 VE6AO " 46,872 168 124 *EA8BQM " 386,094 401 281
*KØYB " 141,900 291 220 (OP:VE6TC) *EA8CYQ " 323,046 403 274

*EF8O " 147,396 222 173 BD3CB " 585,966 643 366 *JA1SVP " 59,163 156 123
*EA8PT " 132,363 240 191 BG2VIA " 10,725 62 55 *7K1CPT " 48,600 152 120
*EA8KC " 93,940 178 140 BG8NUD 21 17,040 99 80 *JJ1ENZ " 44,132 139 118
*EA8OG " 26,312 98 88 (OP:N1MM) *JA1OHP " 38,313 127 99
*EF8J 28 657,105 629 355 BD7LMD 14 14,283 91 69 *JE1CAC " 37,638 122 102
(OP:EA8CNR) BG3UPA 7 162,652 246 157 *JA1IE " 37,380 129 105
*EA8AKQ " 144,171 254 193 BDØAAI " 141,488 182 148 *JH1UBK " 34,239 119 101
*EA8DED 21 1,351,875 891 515 *BA1PK A 451,500 498 301 *JM1LRA " 33,814 120 106
*EC8CQ " 79,500 179 150 *BG4DRL " 312,733 408 277 *7N2AIA " 33,294 123 93
*EA8BGO " 23,051 93 89 *BG3ITB " 242,816 486 224 *JL1QDO " 32,178 112 93
*BG4VRG " 104,145 254 159 *JA1BFN " 31,062 109 93
Madeira Islands *BH2RO " 92,757 237 147 *7L3DGP " 30,318 104 93
CT3HF A 738,000 626 375 *BG3GEF " 28,688 113 88 *JA7CNS/1 " 27,636 110 94
CT3FW 21 139,332 237 204 *BA3MM " 25,382 132 74 *JA1BVY " 24,390 100 90
*CT3KN 21 160,797 256 217 *BD2CO " 12,412 94 58 *7N2TRM " 16,450 77 70
*BD4UJ " 9,063 62 57 *JA1AZR " 16,147 80 67
South Africa *BH3PTL " 4,914 44 39 *JH1NVA " 11,286 63 54
*ZS6WN A 104,542 213 167 *BD4HZX " 4,320 47 40 *JI1ALP " 11,016 59 51
*ZS1BHJ " 57,150 153 127 *BG6LQZ " 3,990 45 42 *JH1QQN " 9,264 56 48
*BH4UMN/7 " 408 13 12 *JJ1NYH " 7,560 52 42
*BH4OUF 21 112,288 299 176 *JA1RRA " 6,251 50 47
ASIA *BD7OXR " 91,800 292 150 *7K1VKU " 5,724 38 36
Armenia *BA2BA " 4,368 57 39 *JH1LNL " 3,959 42 37
*EK3GM A 167,832 272 189 *BG4UQX " 1,368 25 24 *JF1WCK " 3,534 39 38
*BD6AHU 7 41,624 118 86 *JJ1LRD " 3,193 38 31
Asiatic Russia-District 9 *JA3GZE/1 " 3,115 37 35
RT9S A 3,559,005 1434 643 Cyprus *JP1LRT " 2,576 29 28
RO9A " 2,259,912 1159 573 5B4AMM 7 5,693,310 1377 735 *JA1CPZ " 1,600 26 25
UC8U " 1,508,070 1063 510 *JH1LMD " 1,460 25 20
UA9MA " 1,473,395 793 473 Hong Kong *JA1GZK " 825 15 15
RU9AZ " 1,028,524 794 436 VR2XMT 7 21,090 87 57 *JA1PIG " 319 11 11
RM9I " 189,357 265 213 *VR2XAN A 91,728 186 156 *JI1DSU " 319 13 11
RL9I " 136,324 267 197 *7N4JXR " 308 12 11
RV9MA " 126,157 220 181 India *JA1FNO 28 36,612 123 113
UA9YE " 73,800 176 150 VU2NKS A 446,685 445 291 *JS1IFK 21 215,968 292 272
UA9LEW 21 352,401 493 291 VU2IBI 28 17,850 90 85 *JE1RRK " 99,000 207 180
UA9LAO 3.5 64,464 115 102 VU2LBW 21 451,388 496 343 *JR1AQI " 57,084 153 134
RA9UN " 2,438 23 23 *VU2DED A 96,354 204 159 *JQ1PMQ " 9,747 60 57
*RA9AU A 1,899,562 1126 482 *VU2AE " 33,280 115 104 *JA1DBG " 4,840 46 44
*RX9SR " 1,189,296 824 432 *VU2ABS " 7,728 44 42 *JI1EWK " 4,485 42 39
*R9MJ " 639,376 581 356 *VU2GRR " 55 12 11 *JH1GTY " 3,990 43 38
*RA9CUU " 429,600 475 300 *VU2MUD 21 2,325 36 31 *JQ1COB " 1,260 21 21
*RZ9AD " 352,800 444 288 *JA1AVI/1 " 280 10 10
*RK9AK " 238,389 328 229 Israel *JN1VFF " 0 0 0
*RW9MZ " 199,079 286 227 4Z5PJ A 2,604 30 28 *JH1XUZ 14 11,375 71 65
*RA9YE " 131,670 234 190 *7J1YAD " 6,030 52 45
*RG8U " 129,978 227 174 Japan-District 1 (OP:JF1TEU)
*UA9UNG " 72,300 176 150 JM1XCW A 2,060,570 1067 578 *JN1JYD " 1,260 25 20
*RX9DJ " 5,187 42 39 JA1OVD " 920,856 699 408 *JM1NKT 7 115,736 190 148
*R9VA 28 500,830 544 319 JA1AYO " 658,308 602 357 *7M4GMH " 2,632 29 28
*RK9AY " 25,460 106 95 JN1THL " 471,257 498 323
*R9SN 21 749,070 684 410 JF1LMB " 444,938 447 314 District 2
*R9WDV " 224,046 328 243 JH1XUM " 380,021 450 293 JA2BQX A 631,607 558 367
*UF8T " 201,824 306 238 JR1EMO " 330,372 403 276 JR2PMT " 623,808 549 361
*RA9AEA " 39,376 129 107 JF1OPL " 269,091 340 261 JA2XYO " 448,092 472 324
*R9RA " 1,794 26 26 JH1CTV " 182,115 303 213 JA2VHO " 407,540 480 287
*UA9AFS 14 333,055 403 295 JA1EPJ " 158,130 273 210 JA2AXB " 282,240 345 252
*RK9DO " 208,330 303 251 JL1DLQ " 133,578 259 181 JG2REJ " 206,904 336 222
*RA9AFZ " 33,920 120 106 JH1OVY " 115,736 210 184 JA2ATE " 196,748 269 202
*UA9UX " 1,056 22 16 JH1FNU " 107,545 208 157 JA2HOL " 82,492 190 164
JH1OAI " 105,504 209 168 JR2PAU " 61,312 153 128
District Ø JA1IAZ " 98,629 209 179 JA2IXS " 9,381 58 53
UAØSR A 2,130,424 1187 566 JH1BIU " 98,452 215 163 JG2NLN 21 147,552 255 212
RTØR " 1,605,221 1054 463 JA1GVM " 84,916 186 142 JH2BTM " 95,323 194 173
RKØUT " 1,269,772 896 449 JI1AVY " 82,502 166 142 JH2FXK " 82,425 185 157
RØQA " 1,256,283 887 483 JA1SJV " 81,315 176 139 JE2DJC " 36,015 124 105
RTØQ " 798,000 741 400 JH1NCZ " 69,273 163 129 JR2BCF " 34,989 116 109
UAØOK " 628,200 634 360 JA1CJP " 64,740 153 130 JF2XGF 7 268,646 267 217
RAØFF " 622,288 602 356 JH1RFM " 64,728 152 124 JA2FSM " 864 16 16
RUØLL " 313,812 410 276 JE1HRC " 50,150 136 118 JF2IWL " 6 1 1
RDØA " 246,960 293 210 JE1CKA " 47,730 158 129 *JK2XXK A 970,600 709 422
RWØBG " 221,100 306 220 JI1LAT " 45,513 137 117 *JR2MIO/2 " 147,159 264 197
UAØZC " 30,478 112 98 JI1NIK " 37,200 143 100 *JA2FXV " 107,712 234 153
RNØC " 7,579 57 53 JA1IZZ " 35,370 105 90 *JA2QVP " 83,589 202 149
RNØCT 28 76,908 192 156 JF1HJZ " 25,434 100 81 *JA2GHP " 82,044 197 159
*UCØA A 1,616,364 1017 531 JO1SIM " 24,640 110 88 *JA2ODB " 80,758 170 149
*RWØSR " 1,403,360 999 490 JH1APK " 17,225 71 65 *JA2JNC " 44,622 148 111
*RØCW " 794,698 735 394 JI1ANI " 14,152 70 61 *JH2LMH " 27,104 98 88
*RDØL " 712,980 583 340 JI1JPJ " 10,864 68 56 *JG2RZF " 16,767 94 69
*UAØUK " 565,152 685 348 JA1WWO " 8,262 59 51 *JA2VHG " 15,428 77 76
*UAØLMO " 349,866 451 297 JA1UOA " 275 11 11 *JE2FJI " 11,183 61 53
*RØCAF " 145,860 271 165 JI1KLL " 112 8 8 *JA2PSV " 1,334 25 23
*RDØCD " 97,350 254 177 JK1UNZ 28 37,950 122 115 *JG2XWH " 774 20 18
*UAØC " 82,560 229 160 JN1BMX " 24,479 103 91 *JJ2RON " 539 12 11
*RØTR " 39,675 155 115 JA1PTJ 21 58,225 154 137 *JA2HBK 28 1,924 26 26
*RØCM " 33,077 137 97 7K4QOK 14 250,408 343 277 *JA2HZA " 184 8 8
*UAØAKY " 16,571 85 73 JK1LUY " 5,504 45 43 *JA2HYD 21 104,650 209 182
*RAØANO " 14,784 72 66 JE1LFX 7 283,272 308 222 *JF2AIJ " 47,376 135 126
*RMØW 28 226,775 343 235 *JH8KYU/1 A 951,594 666 417 *JK2AQT " 17,094 82 77
*RAØWHE " 131,192 250 184 *7N2UQC " 407,253 463 301 *JI2UPG " 1,690 28 26
*RAØUF 21 71,485 215 145 *JA1IZ " 274,512 352 258 *JR2MVC " 504 15 14
*UAØCW " 8,532 57 54 *JA1PCM " 264,330 363 270 *JR2MIN " 374 12 11
*RØRC " 4,680 41 40 *JA1SCE " 260,463 378 237 *JE2CPI 14 3,348 39 36
*RWØAJ 14 43,923 134 121 *7L4IOU " 253,440 341 240 *JF2FIU 7 1,218 27 21
*RUØAT " 686 18 14 *JS1KKY " 232,800 333 240
*JF1WNT " 223,202 330 214 District 3
Asiatic Turkey *JA1MZM " 220,158 337 243 JA3QOS A 676,734 604 366
TC4A A 720 15 15 *JA1HFY " 186,219 348 209 JN3SAC " 624,624 551 364
(OP:TA4CS) *JA1UTC " 141,814 245 194 JA3HBF " 262,750 363 250
*TA7I A 2,378,880 1169 576 *JA1UII " 121,776 234 172 JN3TMW " 168,400 269 200
*TA4SO " 134,862 244 182 *8N1F/1 " 99,288 261 168 JA3FYC " 139,274 194 166
*TA2ANB " 49,502 122 106 *JA1EMQ " 92,904 207 168 JA3IKG " 101,244 206 177
*TA3LSD 21 18,403 86 77 *JE1GZB " 92,660 210 164 JH3EQP " 86,792 203 152
*JA1BWA " 90,585 203 165 JF3NDW " 80,738 199 146
Azerbaijan *JA1BNW " 84,708 194 156 JG3RPL " 63,756 170 138
*4K6FO A 823,628 595 337 *JA1CCX " 83,589 199 149 JS3LSQ " 30,076 103 103
*JI1FLB " 83,160 204 135 JK3NSD " 16,008 75 69
Bahrain *JJ1KZZ " 82,992 176 152 JG3KMT " 1,610 23 23
A96A 21 282,124 362 281 *JK1NSR " 79,500 187 150 JG3LGD " 48 4 4
*JA1DDZ " 62,832 165 119 JF3PNQ 28 13,317 74 69
China *JA1VWK " 62,235 170 135 JR3RIY 21 419,175 440 345
BH7PFH A 855,984 826 408 *JS1OYN " 60,147 174 123 JR3QHQ " 72,850 172 155

JA3AVO " 5,200 46 40 District Ø Belarus
JK3RHX " 5,104 46 44 JAØIOF A 109,047 222 163 EU6AF A 1,892,484 1161 531
JG3WCZ " 15 3 3 JAØJWQ " 6,072 50 44 EV1R " 1,705,045 975 535
*JG3FEA A 847,071 620 411 JAØGCI 21 120,474 235 194 EW6EN " 1,184,142 883 453
*JA4XHF/3 " 297,349 363 257 *JAØBJY A 352 11 11 EW8OM " 26,013 98 87
*JH3WKE " 214,622 326 239 *JAØCGJ 21 467,600 492 350 EU1DX 14 339,426 464 327
*JN3TSY " 166,173 288 193 *JHØJVA " 6 2 2 EU4E 7 1,533,072 805 456
*JA3JM " 124,215 271 169 *JHØEPI 14 64,090 170 145 EU8A 3.5 520,260 457 290
*JE3CDW " 46,750 152 110 *JK2EIJ/Ø 7 32,130 124 85 EU3AA " 27,300 91 78
*JH3GMI " 42,522 139 114 *EW8AX A 993,888 799 408
*JO3QVT " 35,653 124 101 Kazakhstan *EW1IP " 389,538 445 306
*JR3GPP " 34,254 130 99 UN7LZ A 870,870 728 435 *EU1FQ " 260,028 348 233
*JA3LEB " 28,362 119 87 UN4PG 21 992,750 807 475 *EW4FG " 208,534 342 254
*JG3SVP " 24,459 114 93 *UN1L A 1,466,421 851 407 *EW8G " 204,037 305 211
*JH3BYX " 16,330 82 71 *UN7MMM " 955,668 770 434 *EW4R " 158,260 289 205
*JR3NDM " 12,084 75 57 *UN5GAV " 490,420 497 310 *EU4T " 129,404 209 187
*JG3OML " 2,340 32 30 *UN7PGA " 456,940 472 310 *EW1E " 85,974 201 161
*JH3PTC " 1,050 23 21 *UN6TA 28 318,668 440 266 *EU6AA " 46,330 133 113
*JL3MCM 28 38,727 124 117 *UN6LN 21 1,017,678 801 474 *EU8BB " 36,888 127 106
*JA3MIB 21 55,937 158 131 *UN8PA " 359,700 417 300 *EW8FN 21 15,323 81 77
*JO3PSJ " 53,599 151 133 *UN7CN " 322,137 391 291 *EU6A 14 21,879 111 99
*JA3HKR " 7,748 56 52 *UN7PAK 14 26,132 108 94 *EU8F 7 329,992 324 247
*JR3VZS " 680 19 17 *UN2G " 20,076 94 84 *EW3A " 26,988 93 78
*JM3XEQ " 476 14 14 *EW8RR 3.5 4,692 35 34
*JI3CWI 7 122,208 199 152 *EW8DX " 84 6 6
Laos
District 4 XW1IC A 1,962,984 1351 534 Belgium
JR4OZR A 3,934,140 1456 714 (OP:E21EIC) ON5GQ A 1,218,464 872 464
JG4AKL " 560,112 565 336 OR3A " 778,533 614 393
JO4CFV " 283,287 371 267 Mongolia OR5T " 173,310 264 218
JO4BOW " 177,660 298 210 *JT1PB A 191,310 401 210 ON4TC " 89,856 188 156
JH4BTI " 127,917 240 183 ON7BT " 6,566 52 49
JR4VEV " 810 18 18 Ogasawara *ON4CT A 1,196,419 806 469
JI4UEN 7 156,948 211 174 *JD1BOW 21 20,244 107 84 *ON6AT " 462,696 464 312
*JA4BXL A 92,824 189 164 *OP7B " 345,705 417 285
*JE4MHL " 83,088 204 144 Qatar *ON3DWG " 337,109 430 277
*JA4RWN " 70,070 166 143 *A71AE A 1,220,696 819 424 *ON7CFZ " 318,311 399 259
*JH4GLG " 30,780 113 95 *OO7R " 179,424 292 224
*JJ4CDW 28 41,285 133 115 (OP:ON6OM)
*JN4UUS 21 118,365 226 195 Republic of Korea *ON7VD " 167,862 247 202
*JA4DWG " 115,255 222 185 HL4RBR A 714,100 667 370 *OQ6A " 123,195 191 191
*JA4MMO " 34,662 123 109 DS5DNO " 133,868 255 196 *ON6FC " 58,819 149 131
HL2VXK " 51,064 141 104 *OT1V " 55,440 145 110
District 5 HL3AMO " 47,730 151 111 *ON4AXU " 55,227 151 123
JI5NWQ A 94,692 221 156 HL5YI 21 41,064 127 116 *ON4BAG " 29,355 122 103
JH5MXB 21 220,249 313 257 *DS4GQR A 42,328 133 104 *ON2VHF " 17,136 76 63
*JH5HDA A 226,252 339 229 *DS5VTG " 25,806 102 69 *ON4AA 7 5,644 37 34
*JA5AEA " 14,364 71 63 *HL5JCB " 2,268 33 28
*JA5CBU 21 936 18 18 *DS2GOO 7 5,148 34 33 Bosnia-Herzegovina
E7TT 28 321,636 436 294
District 6 Saudi Arabia (OP:E73RO)
JA6BZI A 954,080 656 445 7Z1SJ 7 1,544,450 638 425 E78T 3.5 303,996 338 231
JH6QFJ " 355,636 336 268 *HZ1PS A 804,768 664 404 *E72MM 21 369,516 482 318
JA6VQA 21 22,359 98 87 *7Z1HL " 415,240 454 280 *E79D 7 574,740 423 309
JA6BCV " 2,937 35 33 *HZ1TL " 240,264 284 213 *E77AW 3.5 532,770 451 301
*JA6GXP A 98,556 244 172 *7Z1OO 21 58,919 155 133
*JK6CSW " 56,763 163 119 Bulgaria
*JA6RIL " 15,510 93 66 Singapore LZ8E A 8,109,504 2644 912
*JF6MGC " 9,352 69 56 9V1YC A 68,704 214 113 (OP:LZ2BE)
*JH6QIL " 650 13 13 *9V1XX 21 87,612 267 147 LZ6K " 1,707,200 976 550
*JE6PPI " 22 4 2 (OP:LZ2PL)
*JH6WHN 21 607,975 534 415 Taiwan LZ4AE " 343,830 463 314
*JR6GIM " 174,040 269 229 BV1EK A 979,608 894 392 LZ2ZG " 1,518 22 22
*JH6SCA " 6,624 56 48 BX4AG 21 123,708 328 169 LZ5R 28 486,150 543 350
*JF6RIM 14 24,576 115 96 (OP:LZ1JZ)
*LZ2ZY A 748,512 644 368
District 7 Thailand *LZ5XQ " 521,088 562 354
JA7BME A 1,597,864 939 527 E2ØQVD A 386,400 503 280 *LZ1ZM " 511,478 546 347
JA7IC " 352,186 435 293 HSØZLE " 199,139 387 223 *LZ1QV " 485,808 425 349
JA7CVL " 287,782 376 254 *E21YDP A 723,890 656 379 *LZ1BY " 84,762 217 153
JG7PSJ " 195,840 214 192 *HS8FLU " 10,915 71 59 *LZ2DF " 71,500 158 125
JA7EPO " 180,158 285 209 *HS7WMU " 9,353 66 47 *LZ1AEY " 17,572 98 92
JA7VEI " 111,384 201 182 *HS3ANP 28 39,872 134 112 *LZ5IL " 5,978 53 49
JA7ZP " 87,435 195 145 *HS8JYX 21 36,645 146 105 *LZ1MC " 1,452 26 22
JH7QXJ " 33,368 112 97 *E23IBS " 2,912 38 32 *LZ2JA 21 332,400 469 300
JA7NX " 24,570 90 90 *HS3LSE 7 6,052 38 34 *LZ2WE 14 1,885 32 29
JO7KMB 21 231,420 324 266
JA7QVI " 223,006 328 238 United Arab Emirates Crete
JH7CUO " 45,496 134 121 A61ZX 28 192,654 316 231 SV9COL A 502,830 615 370
JH7FMJ " 17,710 80 77 A61EK 7 412,676 321 226 *SV9FBP A 16,200 89 81
JA7LLL 14 31,621 119 103 *A61DJ 28 1,753,436 1129 557
JO7GVC 7 29,192 103 82 *A65DC 7 38,704 86 82 Croatia
*JH7IQQ A 177,406 280 214 9A2NO A 1,566,765 985 555
*JA7MWC " 41,160 142 105 West Malaysia 9A4WY " 289,926 404 273
*JA7DPC " 17,739 77 73 *9M2M A 94,875 302 125 9A3KS " 235,676 342 266
*JR7IWC " 6,468 50 49 (OP:9M2ZAK) 9A3TR " 86,584 225 137
*JE7HYK 28 1,210 23 22 *9M2PUL " 5,760 48 40 9A7Ø5Y 21 3,131,700 1474 803
*JH7RTQ 21 148,512 267 208 *9W2VVH 28 4,905 49 45 (OP:9A3NM)
*JH8CLC/7 7 8 2 2 *9M2/JE1SCJ 21 85,200 253 150 *9AØW A 546,463 524 367
*9A8FCC " 485,184 522 336
District 8 *9A5HZ " 80,080 176 143
JF8EPR A 411,750 513 305 EUROPE *9A6KZH 21 222,720 352 256
JA8AZN " 4,110 34 30 Andorra *9A4W " 5,040 48 45
JA8TR 28 17,840 88 80 *C31CT 7 22,032 82 68 *9A3BWW 14 59,290 169 154
JH8SIT 21 228,352 324 256 *9A2SW 7 372,060 344 265
JH8DBJ " 14,592 79 64 Austria *9A3DZH " 108,416 168 154
*JA8EIU A 129,923 234 173 OE2LCM A 1,199,502 866 458 *9A8A " 64,660 135 122
*JL8MBF " 70,858 224 142 OE3DXA " 545,950 508 358 *9A4R 3.5 9,800 52 49
*JA8CEA " 47,730 130 129 OE1TKW " 68,112 173 144
*JE8KGH " 34,020 125 105 OE2DYL " 36,288 120 108 Czech Republic
*JA8KGG " 29,799 113 99 *OE5PEN A 513,050 499 331 OK2EA A 845,544 681 392
*JM8FGC " 207 9 9 *OE2KHM " 398,476 419 316 OK1MSP " 694,485 560 345
*JA8IDS 21 177,100 286 230 *OE3RTB " 231,693 298 231 OK6DJ " 528,388 494 334
*JK8PBO 14 165,663 306 237 *OE1CIW " 63,142 151 131 OK7LO " 374,480 436 310
*OE3DMA " 8,976 52 44 OK7GU " 305,045 321 247
District 9 OK1DEZ " 177,184 251 196
JA9CWJ A 782,460 641 405 Azores OK2SG " 131,712 215 196
JR9GMS " 30 3 2 *CU5AQ 14 38,468 136 118 OK2FB " 99,750 216 175
JA9CCG 21 90,801 195 171 OK1XC 21 381,420 452 326
*JA9LX A 268,336 366 248 Balearic Islands OK2PCL " 147,908 265 206
*JA9EJG " 13,124 70 68 EA6SX A 3,345,172 1387 701 OK1EP 7 641,648 459 337
*JH9CEN 21 25,440 101 96 EA6VQ " 12,296 65 53 OK2SFP 3.5 1,028,600 708 370

*OK4GP A 1,123,192 763 434 *G4AYU " 2,550 31 30 *UA5F " 17,248 98 88
*OK1PMA " 692,809 579 389 *MØMPM " 2,125 30 25 *RK3SWS " 7,526 63 53
*OK1SI " 616,174 547 338 *G3XHB " 2,046 34 31 *UA3PI 7 789,120 570 360
*OK1BA " 496,920 498 328 *G4ZOB 28 70,080 192 146 *UA3IBD " 112,144 189 163
*OK1PX " 449,334 430 318 *G3LHJ " 32,242 120 98 *RA3E " 45,696 104 102
*OK1DRY " 339,150 363 285 *G8X 21 757,712 664 464 *RQ3P 3.5 11,220 58 55
*OK2VIR " 280,704 344 272 (OP:G4FJK) *RA3QH " 6,804 44 42
*OK1AWC " 264,234 331 282 *GØUWS " 11,431 74 71
*OK2SGY " 241,326 335 246 *M9K 14 1,533,872 1089 592 District 4
*OK2BEN " 188,790 293 210 (OP:MØSIY) RA4HL A 1,858,080 1241 560
*OK2TBC " 143,705 246 205 *M4P " 30,552 126 114 RG4A " 1,123,128 934 456
*OK2PAD " 99,355 202 155 (OP:MØPMV) UD4FD " 313,214 393 253
*OK1DAR " 80,229 178 141 *MØDVV " 13,090 83 77 RW4WZ " 122,112 260 212
*OK1CT " 79,074 165 138 *G8HBA 7 852,984 589 359 UA4NC " 40,535 138 121
*OK1BJ " 77,877 183 153 *GØMBA " 50,058 118 103 RX4HX " 27,927 118 107
*OK3PJ " 72,416 152 124 *MØNKR 3.5 495,830 462 277 RK4FF 14 1,553,044 1110 628
*OK2PHI " 60,000 180 150 *G3VGZ " 13,224 60 58 *UA4HBM A 652,750 617 373
*OK1DEK " 49,980 139 119 *UA4FX " 414,060 502 309
*OK4OK " 48,720 139 116 Estonia *RN4CA " 263,692 402 286
*OK5PM " 42,183 131 109 ES4RD 21 1,149,836 890 526 *RW4PFF " 210,820 361 254
*OK1FAK " 26,790 102 95 *ES1QV A 166,116 290 218 *UA4SJO " 169,274 319 214
*OK1DWQ " 23,472 87 72 *ES1BH " 124,168 259 187 *UA4NX " 164,910 323 230
*OK2CMW " 10,089 65 59 *ES5Q 21 1,482,226 932 622 *R4CO " 121,878 248 183
*OK2SWD " 4,536 45 42 (OP:ES5RY) *UC4I " 60,300 152 134
*OK1AXB " 306 19 18 *ES1LS " 190,734 322 249 *R4WT " 44,460 167 130
*OK2CLW 28 30,591 109 99 *RA4L " 26,269 124 109
*OK2RU 7 1,070,080 621 418 European Russia-District 1 *RM4W 28 70,179 213 157
*OK2UHP " 259,296 296 222 RU1AB A 1,700,765 1063 535 *RJ4I 21 413,094 515 363
*OK2SAR 3.5 563,580 483 303 RV1CC " 659,373 606 377 (OP:RN4HFJ)
*OK2HBR " 552,636 474 301 RN1ON " 268,110 409 270 *RA4UAT 14 21 3 3
*OK4K " 503,972 456 287 UA1OMS 3.5 62,304 138 118 *UA4HDB 7 27,318 93 87
(OP:OK1BOA) *RA1ALC A 1,204,218 942 449 *RU4A 3.5 43,870 120 107
*RX1CV " 327,700 471 290
Denmark *RK1NA " 62,169 192 159 District 6
OZ2TF A 943,092 712 414 *RA1AGU " 33,633 126 111 UA6CE A 2,798,523 1470 663
OZ6TL " 503,328 529 336 *UA1OOX " 8,413 49 47 RW6CR " 1,851,000 1126 600
5Q2J " 298,496 325 256 *RW1AI " 5,000 44 40 RN6L " 973,560 883 456
OU2X " 198,492 257 204 *RT1Q 28 24,638 109 97 RU6YJ " 448,317 528 327
(OP:OZ1AXG) *RA1L 21 53,360 160 145 R7RIB " 335,808 418 264
OU4O " 136,518 233 183 *RA1QFU 14 125,400 276 220 RN6XD " 105,984 246 184
(OP:OZ4O) R7LV " 6,006 50 42
5Q2T " 90,654 207 174 District 3 R7AB 21 2,095,444 1248 683
OU1E " 69,020 169 140 RG5R A 1,845,836 1193 569 UA6LJB " 664,384 651 448
OZ11A 14 1,314,990 1025 570 RC5Z " 1,822,041 1246 537 RA6XV " 419,006 538 346
OZ1ADL 7 488,424 422 282 RM3DA " 1,356,878 866 449 R7NK " 88,320 194 184
OZ1GNN " 22,464 76 72 RA3NC " 858,696 703 444 RZ6AK " 1,325 26 25
*5P9X A 974,647 743 409 RW3SY " 718,398 628 373 RC7A 14 188,136 357 268
(OP:OZ9GA) R3GZ " 616,768 610 368 R7CD 7 2,176,356 940 546
*OZ6AGX " 193,320 308 216 RV3FF " 500,108 535 337 RA6GW " 1,499,616 750 492
*OZ3SM " 49,256 136 131 RV3TG " 439,774 494 326 *R7MM A 1,732,228 1173 548
*OZ4VW " 5,852 39 38 RA3TT " 291,900 402 300 *UC6A " 1,725,268 1119 556
*OZ4ZT 28 13,230 78 70 RA5ZB " 286,695 398 277 *RT7N " 1,421,892 1037 508
RM5C " 273,999 380 253 *RQ7R " 1,297,890 959 506
Dodecanese RT5C " 270,570 394 290 *UA6AKD " 385,840 479 280
*SV5BYP A 73,612 188 154 R3QN " 265,185 378 249 *RX7K " 376,512 451 296
RW3XZ " 236,115 370 265 *UA6GF " 290,290 503 290
England RC5D " 182,490 367 237 *R7FG " 269,418 404 249
M3I A 2,233,808 1269 596 RU3XJ " 173,888 290 209 *RJ7M " 231,240 316 235
(OP:GØORH) RA3GZ " 168,480 304 234 *RG7K " 198,016 304 221
GØHVQ " 1,609,920 1037 520 UA5D " 146,957 312 223 *RM7M " 161,667 307 213
MØTDW " 1,035,008 847 416 RL3BZ " 88,000 230 176 *R6CO " 150,290 321 226
GØHDV " 808,488 715 394 RW3RQ " 70,000 172 125 *RZ6DX " 142,569 314 217
GK4AMT " 734,872 594 388 RZ3RZ " 13,090 77 70 *R7KO " 50,592 151 124
G8GNI " 342,615 387 273 RA3THN " 4,826 45 38 *RA6WF " 43,432 154 122
G3UHU " 337,829 417 293 UA3RF 21 1,349,842 1065 538 *R7MU " 36,612 123 108
G6OKU " 68,005 167 145 R2CA 14 275,706 400 306 *UA6XES " 34,170 112 102
G3YQA " 66,264 158 132 RQ2Q 7 121,520 193 155 *R6LAQ " 32,591 125 109
G3NYY " 61,017 151 129 R3PW 3.5 6,806 43 41 *UA6JQ " 26,724 107 102
GØRPM " 55,544 145 131 *RG5A A 1,797,152 1216 568 *R7HL " 16,354 74 74
GØMGM " 32,754 120 103 *RN3Z " 634,304 610 352 *RN6DR " 16,354 80 74
G4RKO " 32,264 125 109 *RU3WR " 538,569 577 327 *RU6BL " 10,458 72 63
MØTAZ " 29,100 110 97 *UA3ZAY " 532,684 526 326 *RA6AAW " 9,308 63 52
M2G " 11,700 71 60 *UA3NFI " 531,650 545 343 *UA6HI " 72 7 6
(OP:G4RCG) *UA3SAQ " 526,110 468 355 *UA6ARR 28 34,500 144 115
G4RRM " 11,102 68 61 *RZ3AV " 502,164 530 348 *RW7M 14 115,368 261 209
G8UBJ " 7,700 53 50 *RU3XB " 473,431 490 329 *R7CA " 32,828 137 116
G3P 28 63,196 174 148 *R3PV " 442,224 544 332 *RA6LIS " 26,857 125 107
(OP:G3WPH) *UA3XO " 436,696 518 323
MØUNI 14 241,678 361 298 *RX3VF " 376,134 480 278 District 9
MØOSH 7 579,908 484 298 *RA3YAO " 308,568 399 258 UA9XL A 1,149,728 952 488
*G4NDM A 748,720 695 382 *RX3AEX " 289,509 411 283 RC9F " 28,704 124 104
*2E1AYS " 480,760 560 340 *RW3LB " 272,800 383 248 RU9F " 65 5 5
*2EØAOZ " 425,842 538 298 *RA3DAD " 268,192 392 272 *R8XF A 779,875 841 425
*G6NUM " 386,900 447 292 *UA3IHJ " 234,522 356 258 *RA9X " 237,705 396 265
*G4WGE " 334,006 408 274 *RJ3F " 192,864 295 224 *R9FA " 3,654 45 42
*2EØDSQ " 332,061 383 289 *RK2A " 180,414 298 234 *UA9FGJ 21 6,222 51 51
*2EØYAO " 303,774 385 257 *RD3FV " 166,140 297 234
*MØTQR " 297,000 383 275 *R2YES " 143,524 245 212 European Turkey
*G4SGI " 269,240 396 254 *UA3UBT " 137,004 260 196 *TA1L A 200,846 266 233
*G4EBK " 199,280 314 235 *R3AQ " 135,800 258 194 *TA1BM 28 5,625 49 45
*G3KNU " 176,960 285 224 *RK2M " 113,932 228 182 *TA1EE 14 99,138 262 186
*G3RSD " 165,360 271 208 *R2UZ " 92,220 222 159 *TA1CQ " 720 19 18
*MØNPQ " 150,282 280 207 *RW3DKK " 88,954 192 158 *TA1CH " 480 16 15
*G7VMX " 133,588 256 182 *RA3Z " 87,759 180 147
*G3MZV " 111,276 208 198 *R3IK " 84,152 213 157 Fed. Rep. of Germany
*M1PTT " 108,836 205 169 *RA3Y " 82,960 167 136 DJ6QT A 3,200,856 1368 677
*MØSAR " 107,065 222 161 *R3EK " 53,156 168 137 DJ3NG " 2,673,657 1282 651
*G3SNU " 105,525 237 175 *RQ3M " 48,488 145 116 DM5TI " 2,632,200 1402 615
*G8GHD " 100,646 225 182 *RX3MM " 43,665 144 123 DL6NDW " 2,623,752 1279 648
*G4DDL " 99,203 219 169 *RA3FD " 35,154 105 93 DL5AXX " 2,352,798 1211 639
*G4JKZ " 88,305 182 145 *RZ3DZ " 33,300 109 100 DL5JS " 1,958,580 1083 558
*G7HJX " 78,556 205 164 *RZ3DC " 26,578 102 97 DJ8EW " 1,617,408 915 576
*G3VAO " 73,472 195 164 *R3MU " 23,184 103 84 DK5MB " 1,522,584 912 532
*G3SZS " 54,684 144 124 *RL2D " 20,880 97 87 DK1QH " 1,475,591 1011 509
*G4CXQ " 48,616 144 118 *RX3MX " 18,360 95 90 DL4ME " 1,316,520 880 460
*G6GLP " 47,187 132 107 *RA3V " 17,862 96 78 DK1AX " 1,045,830 802 426
*MØJWB " 44,730 141 126 *R5DF " 11,400 59 50 DJ9RR " 1,043,307 742 459
*MØCAR " 26,522 112 89 *UA3RAB " 1,890 27 27 DF2RG " 934,192 722 439
*G4HBI " 14,874 80 74 *R5ACQ 21 245,032 391 281 DL8OH " 827,392 688 404
*GØCER " 9,744 64 58 *RU5TT 14 345,312 476 352 DH6BH " 782,838 597 399
*G8VPE " 8,692 56 53 (OP:R3TE) DG7MF " 722,796 663 372
*G4OGB " 5,350 50 50 *R3LC " 231,460 399 284 DK1LRS " 698,472 625 356

DJ6TK " 660,583 613 373 *DHØGHU " 189,900 266 211 OH7KNM " 610,740 654 405
DL4LAM " 608,640 553 384 *DO4OD " 187,040 284 224 OH9VD " 416,108 483 308
DK6CQ " 593,850 545 370 *DL1HAZ " 185,724 278 201 OH3D " 394,912 450 328
DL8RDL " 589,329 499 351 *DNØUKW " 183,209 282 221 (OP:OH3EX)
DJ6OZ " 543,200 530 350 (OP:DO9PL) OH6GAZ " 331,772 398 287
DL1NEO " 534,600 441 360 *DO3PKE " 172,152 254 216 OH3EX " 287,820 365 270
DL4SAW " 533,888 532 344 *DK5DC " 168,942 242 222 OH9GIT " 208,362 343 242
DL7CX " 531,864 514 356 *DL1AKL " 167,960 303 221 OH3RT " 165,345 275 219
DK2AT " 482,929 516 331 *DH2PL " 153,406 269 209 OH2GI " 58,919 150 133
DJ2YA " 440,493 361 359 *DF6RI " 151,578 254 189 OH2BBT " 56,448 169 126
DLØLK " 428,346 490 318 *DB4BJ " 146,718 257 209 OH6K 21 772,464 705 456
(OP:DL8HCO) *DK7GH " 138,710 243 194 (OP:OH6FSG)
DF5BX " 425,390 474 295 *DM3HZN " 127,846 253 194 OH7MN " 719,820 710 430
DJ5IW " 418,608 419 304 *DL8MAS " 119,226 236 186 OH8CW 3.5 89,958 168 141
DC9ZP " 411,268 445 286 *DL6EZ " 117,480 246 178 *OG3P A 1,080,335 789 499
DL3ANK " 386,822 398 269 *DL4AC " 105,462 218 186 (OP:OH3P)
DJ6TB " 346,480 402 284 *DG8KAD " 105,168 213 168 *OH8FAL " 511,497 582 353
DL5YM " 317,604 389 266 *DL2AK " 103,320 212 168 *OH2NT " 266,513 386 247
DN1JRS " 307,976 399 281 *DO9ST " 99,009 203 171 *OH3GLY " 226,822 360 254
DL9NCR " 287,260 361 265 *DL1OJ " 90,233 197 143 *OH2LNH " 184,428 303 218
DL5ST " 285,033 360 277 *DG3FAW " 88,704 185 154 *OH6BA " 172,270 280 214
DL8NBJ " 268,939 381 253 *DL1HSI " 88,440 196 165 *OH8KA " 143,313 275 201
DL5MEV " 226,664 305 232 *DK7FU " 84,420 185 140 *OH2LU " 101,460 232 190
DL4ABR " 219,960 340 234 *DL5ANS " 80,758 173 149 *OH4MCV " 90,093 225 177
DL3XM " 198,024 283 223 *DL2LMS " 79,500 170 150 *OH2EUU " 39,211 135 113
DK9IP " 152,295 244 195 *DL8BH " 74,568 194 156 *OH2KM " 11,060 76 70
DJ3IW " 150,489 207 207 *DL6NWA " 73,852 181 148 *OH7EBA " 10,850 67 62
DL9NDV " 140,515 232 179 *DD5MA " 72,360 165 134 *OH9GGY " 5,016 47 44
DL5QS " 136,682 239 182 *DF2AD " 71,260 163 140 *OH7MFO " 270 9 9
DJ2IA " 130,491 241 179 *DF8JK " 66,202 196 158 *OH9UFO 28 17,316 100 78
DL1TPY " 129,592 200 167 *DO1AYJ " 65,070 154 135 *OH2HOD 21 112,761 243 201
DL7VEE " 127,756 192 164 *DL5HF " 62,776 134 118 *OG9ØAA 14 572,000 631 416
DG7JB " 121,146 234 183 *DF5EM " 62,196 167 146
(OP:OH8KVY)
DM2ØØPZL " 113,828 239 199 *DO2AMS " 61,490 154 130
(OP:DJ2BC) *DJ6UP " 55,522 164 142
DJ8QP " 112,316 201 172 *DL9ZWG " 55,160 158 140 France
DK4IO " 93,456 208 177 *DJ3JD " 54,102 167 142 F4DPW A 1,363,940 886 470
DL1DBR " 87,609 205 159 *DF7XH " 51,537 141 123 TM5J " 592,040 504 380
DK1AW " 87,248 197 164 *DL5HAI " 46,398 137 114 (OP:F5TMJ)
DM5EE " 73,948 160 139 *DL2BQV " 41,280 148 120 F8DHB " 346,164 472 273
DJ4MZ " 72,000 162 150 *DL9GMC " 41,174 139 119 F6CBL " 312,268 477 302
DL2SAX " 56,550 156 130 *DG6ME " 40,812 134 114 F5CQ " 258,945 356 283
DHØGSU " 51,302 143 113 *DL4LT " 39,165 131 105 F4FDR " 169,205 288 215
DL8SCG " 47,380 133 115 *DL1HBT " 36,733 124 109 F5GFA " 27,391 99 91
DL8DWL " 30,363 100 87 *DL4SDT " 35,700 120 105 F6AUS 28 21,924 94 87
DH6DAO " 30,212 102 91 *DF1LON " 33,696 121 108 F5SDD " 1,386 22 21
DM3BJ " 27,744 116 96 *DK3PM " 31,872 105 96 F5NBX 21 60,965 166 137
DK3AX " 26,558 109 98 *DK3A " 30,846 108 97 TM6M 14 3,024,060 1582 780
DL6BR " 24,108 109 98 (OP:DL3LBA) (OP:F4DXW)
DL8CA " 15,921 80 61 *DJ8ES " 30,702 110 102 F5JFU 7 39,140 105 95
DL3BUE " 14,904 77 72 *DF1HF " 29,830 104 95 F5MYK " 24 2 2
DF8AA " 6,432 50 48 *DL1JPF " 29,403 112 99 F6DSV 3.5 12,272 58 52
DL9GTB " 2,968 28 28 *DKØGER " 28,783 118 107 *F5RD A 1,022,008 773 403
DL7LX " 2,727 30 27 (OP:DL4APJ) *F1RCH " 993,388 769 428
DL8CKL " 2,490 31 30 *DM6CS " 27,720 99 90 *F4GWY " 502,866 519 307
DJ8RS " 1,140 20 19 *DL9FB " 25,542 96 86 *F2AR " 414,176 470 301
DJ6YX " 68 6 4 *DJ2XC " 24,552 105 93 *F6GCI " 407,480 436 305
DL3HAH 28 23,316 100 87 *DLØPCK " 23,644 106 92 *F6BQG " 370,920 419 281
DL3BQA 21 1,685,864 1082 587 (OP:DL2BQV) *F6FTB " 356,535 419 285
DL1DTL " 380,759 442 349 *DL7BC " 22,172 100 92 *F1IWH " 343,684 414 292
DL6JF " 3 1 1 *DL2RUG " 19,631 89 67 *F4FCE " 210,632 283 226
DM1A 14 2,153,088 1232 712 *DL6RBH " 15,525 71 69 *F8PMO " 125,847 216 177
(OP:DL1IAO) *DK5CM " 14,256 79 72 *F1MKC " 75,558 180 147
DK3T 7 478,200 431 300 *DL6AH " 8,748 56 54 *F5MMB " 63,104 159 136
(OP:DK3EE) *DL3FBB " 8,742 71 62 *F1AGR " 60,264 151 124
DJ2YE " 138,484 204 178 *DL1TLA " 8,200 59 50 *F5DRD " 58,344 161 136
DM3VL 3.5 41,356 109 98 *DK4EF " 6,132 44 42 *F6EWX " 51,220 145 130
*DJ8OG A 1,468,848 780 568 *DK4QT " 5,082 43 42 *F1HMR " 32,663 119 89
*DM6DX " 1,346,328 815 542 *DG2BAS " 4,797 43 41 *F4HAB " 19,598 95 82
*DL3SYA " 1,202,080 896 440 *DF6YC " 4,410 44 42 *F5GGL " 16,830 73 66
*DJ4MH " 1,141,348 794 467 *DG8HJ " 3,026 36 34 *F1BSL " 13,120 70 64
*DL1FCU " 1,096,704 817 448 *DJ1MM " 1,560 22 20 *F8FSC " 4,480 36 35
*DK1IP " 1,079,828 789 452 *DF1LX " 954 18 18 *F5CT " 2,592 28 27
*DK1KC " 983,310 706 438 *DGØCY " 646 19 19 *F6CQU 28 235,712 362 254
*DL1ZBO " 939,882 726 409 *DL7TG " 77 7 7 *F5BSB " 60,452 174 127
*DJ9MH " 791,294 662 406 *DJ9KH 28 51,800 162 140 *F6IRG " 28,500 114 95
*DL6DH " 720,360 614 360 *DL3ARK " 11,844 68 63 *F6BAX 21 37,050 127 114
*DL1RTL " 700,876 597 374 *DK1AUP " 7,884 59 54 *F/SP4NKJ " 17,286 94 86
*DL4ZA " 697,992 604 381 *DL1RPR " 1,944 29 27
(OP:SP4NKJ)
*DFØBV " 686,721 607 371 *DL1CW " 1,564 23 23
*F4GYI 14 121,275 263 225
(OP:DL1MAJ) *DJ2MX " 252 10 9
*DLØXX " 27 3 3 *F6IHY 7 55,860 125 114
*DC6RI " 619,875 582 375
(OP:DJ2YE) *F5KCC " 506 11 11
*DL3KVR " 594,750 548 366
*DD5M " 563,355 517 351 *DO9EE 21 70,596 190 159 (OP:F4GLQ)
(OP:DJØZY) *DL1BA " 46,096 150 134
*DGØCG " 562,682 553 353 *DC1LEX " 32,148 123 114 Greece
*DB2KT " 520,800 530 336 *DJ2GMS " 15,785 83 77 SV2BFN A 1,564,857 1012 531
*DM5JBN " 514,280 536 344 *DF6JF " 8,360 62 55 J42P " 1,313,534 1041 554
*DG7RO " 478,224 465 324 *DL8JKN " 4,440 41 37 (OP:SV2BXA)
*DL2KWA " 446,600 468 308 *DA9L " 4,400 46 44 SV1ELI " 337,744 442 304
*DL3DRN " 396,447 446 309 (OP:DO1BEN) SV2KF " 310,426 376 269
*DK2WU " 376,505 424 293 *DO5WW " 2,759 33 31 SV2JU " 4,848 50 48
*DL6SFR " 364,532 429 277 *DL5JWL " 720 16 16 SV1GYG 28 85,698 239 162
*DK6OR " 362,070 410 298 *DL5ALW 14 41,237 143 137 SV1PMR 21 314,839 479 287
*DL9GCG " 351,135 406 289 *DL9NEQ " 34,932 138 123 SV1DPJ " 267,572 387 302
*DM5SB " 350,244 404 276 *DL5GAC " 25,029 115 103 SV2GJV " 40,222 151 119
*DL1GME " 344,694 428 283 *DJ2RG 7 607,054 481 331 SV3EXU 14 151,830 304 241
*DH5WB " 322,014 404 287 *DL5KUD " 584,240 441 335 SV3FUO 7 848,392 601 346
*DK5ØMUC " 319,790 398 283 *DL8ZU " 167,454 250 189 *SV8DTD A 998,065 820 433
(OP:DL5NO) *DJ9JU " 98,192 159 152 *SV2CLJ " 339,034 391 283
*DJ4WM " 297,732 356 258 *DF7JC " 64,976 136 124 *SV1PMH " 300,312 353 258
*DF2MC " 295,036 366 257 *DD1MAT " 2,600 26 26 *SV1NZX " 271,152 311 269
*DF4PD " 283,613 351 253 *DO8CW 3.5 158,400 281 176 *SV6DBL " 140,015 286 205
*DL1NHW " 279,500 353 260 *DO4DXA " 116,160 214 160 *SV1KWA " 115,014 234 174
*DL5ARM " 215,489 298 229 *SV2DSJ " 113,393 205 167
*DLØDIX " 206,064 294 216 Finland *SV1DOO " 46,355 157 127
(OP:DJ2AX) OG2P A 3,617,055 1664 687 *SV1ONV " 34,684 131 116
*DL5JBW " 205,884 317 228 (OP:OH2PM) *SV7CUD " 3,822 41 39
*DL1XG " 204,792 308 212 OG3ØOJ " 2,391,270 1388 579
*DN5MX " 200,928 297 224 (OP:OH3OJ)
*DK2CX " 195,040 262 230 OH3FM " 2,100,336 1377 532 Guernsey
*DL1ARJ " 194,184 287 216 OG6N " 662,256 537 438 *GUØSUP A 787,720 617 470

Hungary *IK3QAR " 113,736 220 168 Macedonia
HA8V A 620,550 546 350 *IN3UFW " 109,382 228 182 *Z31MM A 1,076,544 862 448
(OP:HA8MV) *IK4XQT " 97,802 219 158 *Z36W " 60,516 144 123
HA1AD " 112,056 200 161 *IZ5RKW " 97,053 185 173 *Z36N 21 1,444,200 989 580
HA8JV 21 1,710,044 1031 628 *IZ3ZLT " 95,023 216 167 *Z31WW 14 20,736 103 96
HA8BT 3.5 649,392 503 326 *IK3JBP " 90,534 197 158 *Z39A 7 734,296 506 349
*HA6NL A 1,264,545 801 459 *IZ3QFG " 89,166 194 154
*HA7MB " 757,758 628 391 *IK3CST " 78,110 187 146 Moldova
*HAØMS " 623,322 571 357 *IU3BPW " 70,807 199 157 ER5LL A 767,142 673 414
*HG8C " 569,320 510 344 *IR2F " 67,800 134 120 *ER1LW A 351,534 412 246
*HA5VZ " 393,040 441 289 *IZ3EIN " 59,265 161 135 *ER3ZZ " 157,785 259 201
*HA7PO " 344,300 404 275 *IKØMIB " 53,125 162 125 *ER1OO 28 141,940 302 188
*HG3FMZ " 227,584 381 256 *IK3FHP " 51,375 164 137
*HA4YF " 256 9 8 *IZ2EAS " 49,623 144 119 Netherlands
*HA8BE 3.5 118,944 181 168 *IZ5VCI " 48,222 150 141 PG3N A 451,000 476 328
*IZ2EEV " 42,362 140 118 PB7Z " 258,516 345 258
Iceland *IK2REA " 42,069 124 111 PA5WT " 225,280 294 220
TF3AO A 401,380 554 329 *IK3MLF " 41,987 125 121 PA9DD " 217,360 296 220
TF7ØW " 15,066 96 81 *IK2WFN " 39,897 146 117 PA1NL " 163,328 248 176
(OP:TF3DC) *IZ2SXZ " 39,600 117 100 PC4H " 34,692 102 98
TF3CY 14 1,139,328 959 516 *IV3AEB " 39,104 128 104 PA3GVI " 17,523 75 59
*TF2MSN A 564,682 575 349 *I1YGQ " 37,842 135 119 PA1CA " 4,520 41 40
*TF3VS " 17,544 94 86 *IZ8GBT " 36,192 128 104 PI4DX 28 94,521 224 147
*TF3DC " 2,250 32 30 *IZ2BHQ " 34,865 106 95 (OP:PD1DX)
*TF8HP 14 400 16 16 *IKØPRP " 31,395 126 105 PA4B 14 34,730 130 115
*IK1UGX " 30,348 125 108 *PA3AIN A 894,520 673 418
Ireland *IZØTSC " 28,615 112 97 *PD2PKM " 802,725 645 385
EI5KF A 267,424 343 244 *I2ORX " 27,937 102 91 *PA3DBS " 633,912 589 366
EI3GRB " 11,644 76 71 *IK5QPS " 27,664 108 104 *PDØMHZ " 313,281 393 283
*IK1RGK " 25,745 101 95 *PA3BUD " 277,984 297 292
*EI3CTB A 133,713 238 179
*IK2IKW " 24,596 98 86 *PBØACU " 224,124 305 228
*IK2SAU " 24,541 98 97
Italy *PA7AM " 171,355 289 215
*IK5BOH/2 " 23,800 100 85
II2V A 5,393,232 2015 774 *IZØUIN " 21,182 100 89 *PC6C " 148,333 273 211
(OP:IK2NCJ) *IC8AJU " 17,922 92 87 (OP:PC1EMR)
IZ8EPX " 3,279,900 1375 650 *IZ3KSP " 17,810 71 65 *PA2CVD " 142,830 267 207
IV3CTS " 2,684,960 1138 692 *IK8ARF " 17,712 95 82 *PDØMWG " 101,460 216 178
IZ3SQW " 2,081,472 1151 592 *IK5AFJ " 16,756 74 71 *PD2JAM " 100,794 192 157
IC8POF " 750,288 587 406 *IW2JRV " 15,336 83 72 *PA3GDD " 90,576 188 153
IK8UND " 529,209 547 381 *IZØKBA " 14,656 71 64 *PA3CVI " 68,850 193 150
I1JTQ " 528,330 484 330 *IX1CLD " 11,408 65 62 *PD2GSP " 68,110 156 139
IK7NXU " 506,230 500 355 *IZ7EUB " 11,194 67 58 *PE1FTV " 66,040 159 127
IW3HXR " 484,288 550 322 *IK2UUJ " 10,614 63 61 *PA3FYG " 60,382 163 133
IQØAP " 457,200 441 300 *IU2FQW " 8,050 48 46 *PD3EM " 56,960 147 128
(OP:IZØPMV) *IW3IOD " 7,668 60 54 *PDØJMH " 50,310 149 129
IZ3QHA " 438,510 449 311 *IK2SAR " 5,250 50 42 *PA6ANT " 34,450 119 106
IK2AHB " 438,048 525 338 *IZ1DXS " 2,343 33 33 *PE5YES " 22,428 99 84
IW3FVZ " 433,592 484 332 *IZ2GRG " 270 10 10 *PA1JIM " 19,116 98 81
IK1BPL " 421,362 446 306 *IØUZF 28 321,714 428 293 *PA3HGF " 14,980 76 70
IK5FKF " 373,596 439 326 *I1WXY " 145,555 283 215 *PA3RIS " 11,446 71 59
IK2SND " 339,235 447 307 *IKØPEA " 43,419 137 123 *PA3EVY " 8,740 47 46
IZ3LUF " 334,356 425 298 *IKØEIE " 12,172 70 68 *PD5CW " 6,732 53 51
IZ4GWE " 245,110 349 254 *IZ5ILK " 442 14 13 *PA2GRU " 5,537 54 49
IKØYUT " 201,824 337 238 *IZ8GNR 21 241,024 355 269 *PD1RJV " 4,992 50 48
I3FIY " 191,354 325 241 *IK7XNF " 128,316 264 204 *PAØMIR 14 19,838 104 91
IZ3XEF " 182,956 280 212 *I4UUL 14 147,953 285 247 *PA8ZB 7 484 11 11
IC8SQS " 162,408 254 202 *IK8LXI " 118,080 277 205
IQ8LR " 141,740 242 190 *IK5BSC " 108,432 247 216 Northern Ireland
(OP:IZ8DVD) *IK1ZFO " 108,200 251 200 GI4SJQ A 517,030 557 347
IK2SAI " 96,918 225 174 *IZ8FDG " 76,486 220 167 GI5I " 65,075 158 137
IKØXBX " 76,956 164 132 *IK3TPP 7 1,714,620 838 510 (OP:GI4DOH)
I7CSB " 69,580 167 140 *IZ1JLN " 326,300 326 251 *GI7AXB A 215,947 319 229
IZ8CCW " 62,816 189 151 *IK8NBE " 322,582 322 247
IKØBZE " 48,880 159 130 *IWØQO " 253,786 297 227 Norway
I3VJW " 41,356 115 98 *IU4FKR " 219,420 264 207 LB8IB A 5,683,559 2185 833
I2WIJ " 40,339 121 107 *IZ7XNB " 66,024 142 126 LA7JO " 306,500 373 250
IKØYVV " 31,518 123 103 *IW2HUS " 60,138 131 117 LB8DC " 290,251 395 269
I4IKW " 28,728 92 84 *IZ5MOQ " 48,616 130 103 LA8PDA " 70,179 174 149
IKØVVG " 24,569 107 79 *IU2CIQ " 22,940 80 74 LA3TK " 13,348 71 71
IK2GZU " 20,648 93 89 *IK5AMB 3.5 148,086 229 171 LB6KC 7 65,780 141 115
IZ2DII " 19,710 74 73 *IW4EGX " 102,900 189 147 *LA5LJA A 1,531,400 982 494
IK2YXP " 11,220 71 66 *IK3SSJ " 96,954 183 143 *LA3S " 1,439,845 951 517
IK2EBP " 10,944 61 57 *IK1ZNU " 54,720 133 114 (OP:LA3BO)
IK4UQA 28 191,750 310 250 *IZ5OQX " 27,216 90 81 *LA3BPA " 374,782 389 302
IZ7ECL 21 1,272,368 892 566 *LA8OKA " 234,864 315 233
IK4DCX " 440,804 502 346 Kaliningrad *LA2HFA " 98,436 204 156
IK2QIN " 89,088 205 174 RN2FQ A 162,806 266 203 *LB5HG " 79,570 188 146
IKØUTM " 3,293 39 37 *RA2FB A 155,430 266 198 *LB8AG " 6,355 47 41
IZ4NIC 14 2,053,930 1231 701 *LA3CLA 28 476 14 14
IK4GNI " 1,461,152 1048 593 Kosovo *LB2TG 21 309,111 405 323
IW3QRM " 1,110,796 881 548 Z6ØA 3.5 4 1 1 *LA/DL7URH 3.5 413,920 407 260
IU1FQQ " 93,396 226 181 (OP:DL7URH)
IW3RQT " 80,388 212 174 Latvia
IZ4DZD " 26,784 113 108 YL6W A 1,575,924 988 511 Poland
IZ3KIF 7 570,096 493 296 (OP:YL2GD) SN7Q A 6,798,155 2276 871
IZ1PMC " 168,072 224 188 YL9T " 1,105,437 837 471 (OP:SP7GIQ)
I4AVG 3.5 1,530,272 826 464 (OP:YL2TW) SQ9UM " 4,067,558 1742 703
IZØKBR " 1,131,792 682 408 YL2KF " 975,354 758 447 SO9T " 3,666,125 1647 695
*IU4CHE A 1,239,446 839 494 YL2JZ " 837,254 704 418 (OP:SQ9ORQ)
*IW2MXY " 1,071,560 842 445 YL2KO " 219,600 311 244 SP5UUD " 2,476,553 1177 587
*IK2SBB " 1,021,840 744 424 YL3ID " 126,270 262 207 SQ5IRO " 1,605,240 986 546
*I1DXD " 834,886 694 394 YL7A 14 894,103 800 497 SP9KR " 623,200 594 380
*IZ8IFL " 766,712 705 401 *YL3GDM A 647,711 682 379 SP5SR " 528,990 548 385
*IV3BCA " 651,525 525 425 *YL2QV 28 12,931 69 67 SP7AH " 516,810 526 321
*IK2PZC " 594,825 551 385 SP3RBG " 436,128 440 308
*IN3EQD " 564,774 549 357 Lithuania SP3DIK " 308,499 375 263
*IK2RZG " 504,340 517 334 LY4T A 146,982 231 187 SP4W " 267,960 340 220
*IQ2DN " 432,290 519 311 LY2SA " 40,500 140 125 SP2GJV " 155,771 253 187
(OP:IZ2JQP) LY1R 21 1,368,688 987 524 SP2KPD " 128,516 247 178
*IK2YSJ " 416,160 449 306 LY2FN 7 433,152 381 282 (OP:SP2IJ)
*IK3ORD " 388,696 434 308 *LY2NY A 974,680 714 413 SP1MVW " 98,212 209 172
*IW1CBG " 364,088 430 284 *LY7Z " 309,795 385 285 SP2BLC " 90,218 193 158
*IZ3QCH " 347,130 407 290 *LY2HS " 259,827 343 257 SP6IEQ " 82,212 182 156
*IØGIA " 331,139 399 269 *LY2CV " 26,159 114 101 3Z6O " 80,352 203 162
*IN3JJI " 248,712 376 258 *LY2PAD 21 122,612 251 203 SP9W " 72,898 152 127
*IKØHTP " 238,124 331 236 *LY2CG " 80,640 208 168 SP2IU " 37,744 138 112
*IK4QJF " 231,352 350 239 *LY3IV 14 39,555 148 135 SN6A " 10,260 61 57
*IK2AUK " 213,024 322 224 *LY2EW " 15,204 92 84 (OP:SP6CES)
*IN3BFW " 192,072 297 212 SP9AQF " 5,324 47 44
*I2BZN " 173,635 277 205 Luxembourg SP9FIH 28 62,208 169 144
*IU4DTV " 137,340 257 180 LX9EG A 954,450 799 450 SP7IIT " 33,592 121 104
*IK1WGZ " 135,632 224 196 (OP:LX1NO) 3Z5N 21 1,565,580 1062 538
*IV3KSE " 130,086 250 198 LX7X 3.5 135,900 229 151 (OP:SP5GRM)
*IU4FNO " 120,546 233 181 (OP:LX3X) SP3A " 522,704 542 359

SQ9V " 134,922 252 199 *YO5NY " 245,440 350 236 *S54X " 179,974 285 214
SP3GXH 14 428,246 500 362 *YO2LXW " 168,354 286 199 *S57SWR " 42,375 141 125
SN2M 7 3,504,988 1207 641 *YO4RST " 151,638 258 199 *S57PKT " 29,160 105 90
SP4TXI " 1,396,830 708 461 *YO6FPW " 109,900 199 157 *S57YK 14 147,492 290 241
SP8K " 543,582 398 303 *YO2GL " 84,854 181 154 *S56A 7 2,384,000 912 596
(OP:SQ8JX) *YO6DBL " 77,832 163 141 *S51DX " 946,308 580 402
SQ5LTL " 526,268 433 298 *YO5PCB " 34,299 123 111 *S57LR " 6,240 42 39
SQ2RGB 3.5 1,220,002 743 413 *YO8PN " 6,018 54 51
SP5DL " 171,292 242 187 *YO9CWY 21 86,344 206 172 Spain
*SP9H A 1,638,756 835 588 *YO2IS 14 384,983 485 367 EA1DR A 3,723,033 1695 683
*SQ2WHH " 1,295,903 842 499 *YO4UQ " 18,676 107 92 EA1WS " 1,697,418 1105 521
*SQ3RX " 693,780 606 372 *YO4NF 7 1,325,870 711 455 EA5EJ " 1,598,400 1091 540
*SP5XOV " 533,010 483 327 *YO4CVV " 83,700 153 135 EA3FF " 410,836 517 271
*SP6JZP " 475,524 464 333 *YO6HOY 3.5 123,702 199 159 EA2ASB " 313,500 387 285
*SP9ZPS " 471,856 490 308 EA2OK " 164,850 226 175
(OP:SQ9CXC) Sardinia EA5GIE " 97,812 190 156
*SP2MKI " 467,756 421 337 *IWØUWE A 196,350 279 231 EA1DVY " 80,896 178 158
*SP2FOV " 445,094 502 323 EA3CS " 46,717 168 137
*SQ6PLE " 411,536 433 289 Scotland EA7JQT " 36,386 131 113
*SP5TAZ " 292,581 379 261 GM8SBH A 1,947,954 1098 582 EA1AF " 34,020 113 90
*SP3PJY " 288,512 309 256 (OP:GMØFGI) EA3GCV " 23,616 93 82
(OP:SQ3BME) GM4FDM " 1,133,384 978 518 EA5DLP " 7,140 56 51
*HF6ØKAG " 275,899 337 247 GM5M " 1,022,200 904 475 EB2RA " 6,072 51 44
(OP:SP9CXN) GZ5Y " 227,682 321 273 EB1IC " 3,720 33 31
*SP9GMI " 231,120 309 240 (OP:GM4SSA) EA7ZY 28 225,929 382 253
*SP5CGN " 215,264 319 224 GM3W 14 2,119,355 1302 665 EA5FID " 61,476 175 141
*SP6MLX " 205,084 322 236 (OP:GM3SEK) EA3CEC " 1,742 26 26
*SQ2TOM " 204,516 273 247 GMØNBM " 314,925 456 325 EA1BD 21 1,970,318 1223 667
*SN9TB " 192,778 267 226 *GM1C A 1,661,060 1045 529 ED5M " 847,880 767 470
*SN1J " 179,140 288 212 (OP:GM1BSG) (OP:EA5FL)
(OP:SP1MWF) *GM4UQG " 422,816 530 362 EA3AQ 14 1,337,553 1060 567
*SN1A " 161,200 257 200 *MM1E 14 412,056 508 354 EA3EZD " 257,872 453 284
*SP4BPH " 148,058 247 181 (OP:MMØGOR) EA5BY " 54,808 161 124
*SP7WJ " 129,690 242 198 *GM4OSS " 19,201 100 91 EA5DM 3.5 65,148 136 122
*SQ1KW " 110,387 212 167 *EF2Y A 3,882,669 1536 703
*SQ9FCF " 78,218 184 151 Serbia (OP:EA2RY)
*SQ7LQJ " 65,664 159 152 YT2U A 1,894,680 1082 554 *EH7H " 981,376 763 451
*SP3NYC " 56,994 153 118 YU1KT " 1,743,348 1042 524 (OP:EA7ELY)
*SP5IVC " 49,969 121 107 YU1UN " 189,748 230 178 *EC1AIJ " 647,976 604 392
*SP2MKT " 49,442 139 118 YT5W 28 634,382 624 401 *EA2DDE " 520,707 538 341
*HF5ØKDA " 39,840 112 96 (OP:YU1AU) *EB1BCG " 455,880 518 348
(OP:SP6MQO) YU7AU 14 581,064 629 426 *EB5CS " 431,184 492 312
*SQ9PPT " 39,520 104 95 YU7U 7 3,659,712 1161 672 *EB5CUZ " 419,016 477 316
*SP8FB " 33,370 111 94 YT6W " 1,365,850 659 463 *EA2BNU " 398,670 452 291
*SP2DKI " 30,603 118 101 YT4TT " 74,088 138 126 *EB1EB " 284,532 369 262
*SP1DMD " 27,632 106 88 *YU5RY A 767,250 611 375 *EA2BF " 259,992 404 276
*SP6SOX " 25,872 102 88 *YU7KMN " 493,128 510 324 *EA3FZT " 244,545 356 255
*SP9WZO " 18,216 72 66 (OP:YU7OM) *EA3HKA " 237,900 364 260
*SP2UU " 16,354 84 74 *YU1BN " 199,395 286 211 *EA3KU " 228,375 292 225
*SP9KJU " 10,752 60 56 *YU7D " 104,076 173 147 *EC5JC " 208,740 312 213
(OP:SP9MDY) *YUØTESLA " 16,951 73 67 *EA3GCT " 207,438 305 231
*SQ9NFQ " 6,804 55 54 (OP:YU1BBG) *EA4IE " 191,186 312 218
*SO5WD " 6,440 51 46 *YT8A 28 101,598 220 177 *ED4T " 181,879 299 239
*SP7AWG " 5,617 46 41 (OP:YU1EA) (OP:EA4CWN)
*SP2QCW " 5,334 45 42 *YT9VM 21 434,826 501 357 *EA7AZA " 107,342 237 191
*SP6BEN " 4,340 35 35 *YTØW " 167,670 297 230 *EA5ET " 106,140 216 174
*SQ1MNE " 3,040 40 38 (OP:YU1JW) *EA7IZJ " 105,924 247 182
*SP4GDC " 1,750 26 25 *YT2AAA 14 495,957 570 399 *EA1EHW " 87,576 203 164
*SP9DTE " 720 19 18 *YU1AST 7 1,763,580 816 510 *EC5AEZ " 80,223 186 143
*SQ3WW " 108 6 6 (OP:YT2T) *EA2DWG " 71,820 154 135
*SQ1EIX 28 138,985 252 209 *YU5MOL " 487,340 393 295 *EA5ERA " 70,840 193 154
*SP6IHE " 64,950 167 150 *YT7EE " 173,048 226 194 *EA4GQS " 61,248 152 132
*SP6DMI " 39,786 131 114 *YU8NU " 460 10 10 *EA3CI " 56,745 133 117
*SP5TAT " 8,150 59 50 *YU4OIZ 3.5 122,450 202 155 *EB4ERS " 44,522 134 113
*SP3AU " 7,252 51 49 *EA4CU " 43,456 134 112
*SQ9IAU " 3,264 35 34 Sicily *EB7KA " 40,131 134 117
*SQ2NNN 21 318,780 404 315 IT9STX 14 1,129,772 944 514 *EA2CCG " 39,211 141 113
*3Z9K " 180,480 300 240 *IT9PZM A 947,856 675 434 *EA5NB " 32,596 138 116
*SQ1BVG " 27,000 118 100 *IT9VCE " 817,200 735 400 *EA2XR " 22,659 103 91
*SP2IW " 5,625 50 45 *IT9WDC " 526,932 543 369 *EA1CM " 17,447 80 73
*SP7SZW 14 75,342 201 174 *IT9DSZ " 155,694 295 231 *EA4CFT " 15,525 74 69
*SP3BGD " 6,630 53 51 *IT9JQY " 136,451 252 193 *EA5GX " 13,179 75 69
*SP7DBI 7 86,664 154 138 *IT9AJP " 28,160 118 110 *EA7CWA " 9,747 61 57
*SP9IHP " 2,856 24 21 *IT9RZU 28 108 6 6 *EB4GRT " 2,350 27 25
*SP9BNM 3.5 493,728 437 296 *IW9FDD 21 498,510 552 382 *EB5DXJ " 1,368 28 24
*SP6GCU " 377,856 380 256 *IT9AHI 7 447,468 360 294 *EA7MT " 1,178 22 19
*SP9CTS " 223,706 301 203 *IT9XTP " 225,910 269 205 *EA7VJ " 768 16 16
*SP9BGS " 168,516 235 186 *EA4DB 28 108,679 229 191
*SQ9I " 107,822 200 143 Slovak Republic
*EA5ATK " 46,956 167 129
*SN7O " 97,578 185 139 OM8LA A 923,157 704 393
*EA1HRR " 28,100 118 100
*SP4CGJ " 3,192 29 28 OM8PG " 2,310 32 30
OM3CW 7 49,000 121 100 *EA7JHV " 27,063 112 97
*OM5CD A 1,616,685 966 519 *EA3NO " 22,932 100 84
Portugal
*CR5U A 855,525 807 425 *OM7KW " 1,545,668 952 491 *EA4EEJ " 8,700 64 60
(OP:CS7AJL) *OM3R " 864,448 633 416 *EE7Y 21 1,807,465 1173 649
*CT1BXT " 836,814 707 409 (OP:OM3CFR) (OP:EC7WA)
*CT1GVN " 509,376 542 336 *OM2DT " 381,264 410 282 *EA1ACP " 684,432 634 441
*CT2HPM " 14,740 83 67 *OM5UM " 174,070 269 206 *EA7IA " 81,725 207 175
*CT7AIX 28 23,040 99 90 *OM7AG " 140,728 253 196 *EA2KU " 47,328 171 136
*CT1EHK 14 4,268 44 44 *OM3TLE " 108,640 204 160 *EA5HJO " 28,930 117 110
*OM5MX " 100,488 209 158 *EA7GV " 24,080 104 80
Romania *OM2AGN " 54,144 148 128 *EC7RC 14 262,080 437 273
YPØC A 1,902,314 1163 514 *OM4O 14 323,945 455 335 *EA4FJX " 215,840 357 284
(OP:YO3CZW) (OP:OM3NI) *EB3TR " 63,744 189 166
YQ6A " 1,219,104 847 498 *OM8JP " 102,600 243 200 *EA7KI " 40,506 147 129
(OP:YO6BHN) *OM3ZWA 3.5 560,142 484 297 *EE4CP 7 373,996 347 259
YO5OHY " 765,576 651 392 (OP:EA4GST)
YO3GNF " 632,223 612 353 Slovenia *EA4ZK " 11,648 54 52
YO2DFA " 57,420 156 132 S58N A 1,180,940 757 431 *ED2V " 520 10 10
YO5CUQ " 52,038 137 118 S57AW " 1,085,742 777 441 (OP:EA2CYJ)
YO3RU 21 495,040 545 364 (OP:N1MM) *EE4EA 3.5 18,492 72 67
YP5A " 24,297 108 91 S53F " 937,878 680 433 (OP:EA4GHB)
(OP:YO5CBX) S58Q " 528,660 494 330
YO6LA 14 102,912 246 201 S51NM " 356,088 430 296 Sweden
*YO9HP A 2,998,245 1382 685 S52GP " 205,479 296 237 SM6NOC A 2,443,272 1403 573
*YO6HSU " 937,888 734 424 S5ØR 21 859,995 753 435 SG5G " 1,481,961 984 507
*YO7CVL " 552,090 530 330 S59A " 580,160 588 370 (OP:SM5ILE)
*YO3APJ " 533,001 501 357 S57DX 14 2,014,110 1214 695 SM6UQL " 1,339,800 945 462
*YO5PBF " 336,340 384 251 S51AF " 225,771 383 273 SM6BGG " 1,289,416 875 499
*YO8RFS " 336,340 393 268 S57YX 7 87,552 148 144 SM6BZV " 1,010,040 778 456
*YO8PS " 298,287 373 253 S52X 3.5 2,138,240 1005 520 SM5FUG " 158,340 232 195
*YO5BYV " 296,184 336 246 *S51JQ A 271,440 357 240 SM5QU 7 649,350 503 325

*SE4E A 985,232 788 443 *UR5SAU " 413,127 439 321 YB5BOY 14 51,388 158 116
(OP:SM4DQE) *UY5TE " 335,079 449 279 YE3AA 7 1,840 22 20
*SK6AW " 592,112 596 368 *UT4ES " 326,522 464 281 (OP:N1IP)
(OP:SA6CBY) *UR3AC " 316,920 395 278 *YB8RW A 245,388 388 156
*SM7BHM " 503,430 516 346 *EM25A " 311,491 384 251 *YB8ROP " 188,244 297 166
*SI6I " 483,472 526 328 *UT5T " 307,064 368 262 *YE1GD " 99,015 209 161
(OP:SA6CMO) (OP:UR5TL) *YB9WZJ " 40,128 123 88
*SM7CIL " 382,470 437 305 *UR8EQ " 297,783 384 269 *YD1EMV " 30,200 116 100
*7S5S " 305,900 397 266 *UR3ABM " 279,627 367 249 *YB1RUS " 28,259 130 77
(OP:SM5CSS) *UX5UU " 277,001 371 239 *YB1BRS " 20,805 90 73
*SM6GBM " 196,880 323 214 *UR5EPV " 267,750 348 250 *YC9GWR " 18,802 87 79
*SM5S " 155,800 252 190 *UR5ZEP " 255,374 333 238 *YB6DE " 17,380 93 79
(OP:SM5SIC) *UT2QQ " 246,634 371 254 *YB3EDD " 11,169 79 51
*SE6N " 80,648 173 136 *UR5ZDZ " 191,134 340 227 *YD9SOQ " 7,638 54 38
(OP:SA6AXR) *UT7NI " 191,090 293 197 *YD9RWY " 1,560 27 26
*SA6CME " 78,590 191 145 *UT4NY " 167,272 274 203 *YD1ELX " 297 11 11
*SM6GKT " 62,440 171 140 *UT3QD " 148,808 286 209 *YB2ECG 28 6,392 49 47
*SM3OMO " 46,464 155 128 *UX1VX " 126,700 218 181 *YB1BML 21 462,882 510 321
*SM3ULU " 25,025 103 91 *UT7MR " 125,454 250 174 *YC8UTI " 59,292 180 122
*SCØN " 14,700 65 60 *UT5CL " 116,662 221 182 *YD1DTE " 8,096 63 46
*SM4RLD " 6,528 50 48 *UT8IA " 81,792 187 142 *YC1CT " 6,912 52 48
*SM3LBP 21 307,490 395 317 *UXØSX " 81,162 205 167 *YE4IJ " 4,902 43 43
*UR5EIT " 62,042 161 134 *YC9RZ " 4,212 41 39
Switzerland *UT4UFU " 60,760 165 140 *YB3XVO " 4 2 2
HB9DHG A 1,926,180 1025 522 *UR5IHQ " 60,720 160 120 *YB1TJ 14 76,960 183 148
HB2K " 1,803,494 1033 478 *UX7UW " 51,500 122 103 *YB8TK " 8,000 61 50
(OP:HB9OCR) *UT5UN " 37,730 126 110 *YC2NDX 7 19,764 66 61
HB9CRV " 229,362 354 254 *UX6IR " 25,584 88 82
HB9VID " 11,448 55 54 *UR8IF " 20,020 80 70 New Zealand
HB9FKK 21 8,100 61 54 *UR4QRH " 13,632 75 71 ZM3T 28 40,932 131 108
(OP:IK1PMR) *UT3UCP " 11,704 62 56 (OP:W3SE)
HB9FKL 14 1,248 25 24 *UR3RAA " 6,525 48 45
(OP:PA3LEO) *UR3CMA " 4,387 53 41 Philippines
*HB9CIC A 122,496 247 176 *UY2IF 28 64,446 213 138 DU1RB 21 84,668 239 122
*HB9CXK " 115,878 218 178 *UT5CW " 35,249 145 101 *DU1JM A 132,153 268 147
*HB9CNY " 109,880 216 164 *UR2Y 21 492,090 557 349
*HB9BUN " 66,840 143 120 (OP:USØYW) Samoa
*HB9RB " 40,670 110 98 *UR7CT " 158,232 284 228 *5W1SA 21 178,642 341 179
*HB9DNF " 27,714 111 93 *UR1YDD " 25,755 116 101
*HB9BXE " 22,776 85 78 *UTØMF " 14,359 86 83 Tonga
*HB9HFM " 16,318 86 82 *UZ5U 14 258,117 416 291 *A31MM A 268,345 473 187
*HB3YKU " 1,276 24 22 (OP:UT4UO)
*HB9ODP 21 144,279 291 207 *UR8QR " 158,679 302 243 SOUTH AMERICA
*HB9ELD 7 5,846 39 37 *UT3SO 7 310,856 344 244 Argentina
*UX1IL " 241,536 273 222 LTØH 28 1,148,080 867 452
Ukraine *UR7TT " 106,606 178 151 (OP:LU3HY)
UT5M A 6,525,696 2194 879 *UY2UR " 55,278 124 111 LU5VV " 450,328 496 311
(OP:UR5MID) *UR5FCM " 12,528 56 54 *LU6DC A 486,972 519 324
UW1M " 6,206,368 2469 824 *UR7CB 3.5 114,240 198 160 *LU1FAM " 368,352 445 288
UW3U " 5,433,982 2075 883 *UX2HR " 35,712 112 96 *LU2FGL " 361,218 446 286
(OP:UT7UJ) *LO7H " 293,670 438 234
EMØI " 4,843,483 1928 809 Wales *LU7HF " 153,408 288 188
(OP:UT2IZ) GWØA A 3,014,787 1541 681 *LU1WI " 54,810 157 126
EM2G " 4,240,335 1685 829 GW4BLE " 1,073,710 813 454 *LU4HK " 25,098 103 89
(OP:UR7GO) MW2I " 768,690 684 405 *LU3JVO " 731 17 17
UV5U " 1,663,032 985 521 (OP:GW5NF) *LW3DN 28 380,255 452 295
UX5IO " 1,232,506 863 463 GW4BVE " 45,339 142 119 *LU9EHU " 137,052 254 188
UR4EI " 706,442 641 394 GW4OH 7 629,136 507 306 *LU1MPK " 90,312 219 142
UR5CN " 642,048 586 352 (OP:MWØJZE) *LU5MT 21 8,216 57 52
UT5EDU " 423,160 474 298 *GW4MVA A 105,924 192 182 *LU5FF 14 398,160 437 315
UY2RA " 362,103 442 301 *GW4TSG " 2,349 30 29
UW2M " 340,336 343 239 *MCØSHL 28 103,113 240 171 Aruba
US1IV " 335,688 423 284 (OP:MØOXO) P49X A 13,504,680 3717 966
UY5ZZ " 280,590 415 282 (OP:WØYK)
UT7EJ " 208,445 305 235 OCEANIA P4ØFA 21 3,888,599 1685 781
UT5ECZ " 134,064 197 168 Australia (OP:DH8BQA)
UX5UO " 127,090 235 179 VK3JA A 985,734 695 414
UW5RG " 104,145 217 159 VK2CA " 512,383 579 307 Brazil
UXØKN " 69,918 163 129 VK2RT " 209,397 311 223 PY2SHF A 2,940,652 1438 689
UT9UZ " 37,128 154 119 VK7BO " 91,656 205 134 PX2X " 1,685,472 1068 543
UT5UML " 30,970 110 95 VK3VT " 91,584 195 159 PY2MC " 68,943 164 147
UT8NT " 11,163 67 61 VK6GOM " 29,205 110 99 PY4RGS " 19,754 86 83
USØSY " 1,328 16 16 VK2PN " 8,792 63 56 PY7VI " 13,620 78 60
UT2AB 28 2,378 30 29 VK6HZ " 2,380 30 28 PY2KP " 3,332 39 34
UT6HX 21 1,081,620 818 540 VK6SMK 14 75 5 5 ZX2B 28 1,758,058 1097 547
UT7E " 571,140 657 380 *VK4BRT A 236,208 345 222 (OP:PY2MNL)
UR5FBM " 444,056 488 376 *VK3SIM " 50,778 136 117 PT2CM 21 2,678,312 1380 676
USØMS 14 481,032 557 393 *VK4BL " 17,080 87 70 (OP:PT2FE)
UT1AA " 69,822 208 162 *VK3EDW " 1,475 25 25 PS7YL " 80 6 5
UTØEA 7 662,400 445 360 *VK2KDP " 714 17 17 PY2KJ 14 94,628 200 164
UR4MG " 369,420 351 262 *VK4NDX 21 153,860 282 196 *PY2NY A 1,109,860 844 422
UR1HM " 19,370 69 65 *VK4NM 14 81,168 192 152 *PS2R " 131,404 255 182
UT3N 3.5 101,320 188 149 (OP:PY2TI)
(OP:UT3NK) East Malaysia *PY7XC " 97,626 195 159
UT8EU " 47,488 124 106 9M6XRO A 1,055,656 843 392 *PP5BK " 86,112 193 156
UY8IF " 43,672 116 103 *9W6EZ A 50,850 132 90 *PY1FI " 80,938 214 143
UR7EU " 27,566 96 77 *PY2XV " 66,303 183 139
*UR6EA A 2,494,915 1296 635 Guam *PU1MIL " 55,781 174 121
*UT8EL " 1,929,080 1223 580 NH2DX A 401,225 493 275 *PP1CZ " 24,640 99 88
*UT5EPP " 1,737,580 1191 533 (OP:KG6DX) *PU9ATH " 17,394 95 78
*UX1UX " 1,725,920 1137 536 *PY4ZO " 12,474 71 66
*US6CQ " 1,347,104 917 473 Hawaii *PY1ZV " 12,100 69 50
*US7KC " 1,327,872 940 448 NH6Y A 439,944 495 276 *PU7EEM " 9,387 78 63
*UX3IW " 1,189,058 798 494 WH7W " 373,681 433 253 *PY1SAD " 3,816 45 36
*URØHQ " 1,123,135 846 467 *KH6JAY A 70,528 195 128 *PY5TJ " 1,960 29 28
*UX7QV " 893,772 845 396 *AH6NF " 1,944 28 27 *PY2GZ " 187 12 11
*UXØFF " 875,260 712 428 *KH6XL " 294 7 7 *PU1MKZ 28 976,360 761 440
*UY1HY " 764,180 628 380 *NH7AA 28 336,000 463 250 *PY2XC " 262,384 373 248
*UT8IT " 730,394 600 406 *KH6GMP 21 31,842 124 87 *PU3LTA " 61,662 172 129
*UT8IM " 565,950 585 350 *KH6ZM 14 541,383 547 339 *PY2IQ " 36,500 132 100
*UR5IHD " 547,281 547 357 *PU8TAS " 13,386 78 69
*UX2X " 540,218 567 329 Indonesia *PY2UD " 4,879 44 41
(OP:UT2XQ) YB1AR A 1,641,540 960 502 *PY1GQ 21 878,807 702 437
*UY2UQ " 481,584 519 316 YBØNDT " 1,501,819 1005 439 *PT8DX " 100,636 201 181
*UT3RS " 476,800 493 320 YB4IR " 933,120 675 360 *PU8YPL " 39,790 130 115
*UV7E " 467,142 552 318 YB6HAI " 760,838 558 338 *PR7AR " 27,742 103 97
*UX6IB " 465,990 452 317 YB1FWO " 23,475 114 75 *PU2NOE " 6,720 48 48
*UY7MM " 437,229 488 303 YBØCOU " 912 16 16 *PY1KR " 364 13 13
*UT5ULB " 436,396 490 316 YD9SBP 21 166,246 307 202 *PY4XX 14 113,400 224 175
*UR5LY " 432,952 396 299 YBØDJ " 37,492 145 91 *PY2HN " 7,854 57 51
*UW2Q " 417,534 489 303 YBØMWM " 34,224 133 93 *PP5ASF " 828 19 18
(OP:UR6QS) YB3BX " 22,126 104 74 *PU7DEF 7 56 4 4

Chile DH5MM " 44,982 136 119 Canada
CE3DNP 21 204,981 312 227 OZ1DGQ " 44,020 142 124 VA7KO 1,893,564 1242 534
*CE2MVF A 1,270,635 1003 435 YO4AAC " 40,817 147 119 (OP:VA7BEC)
*CE4SFG " 331,516 437 268 DL8MDW " 39,636 121 108
*3G1D " 130,312 262 179 CO2KY " 33,820 120 89 AFRICA
(OP:XQ1FM) OH2ID " 32,918 134 109 Namibia
*CE1WFN " 68,640 184 132 S55N " 30,432 113 96 V55V 8,309,030 2791 883
*CA5GRF 28 301,155 404 255 SP9RQH " 27,264 102 96 (OP:DD8ZX)
*CE3CT 21 82,584 194 148 IZ7SIA " 25,912 90 79
EA3FHP " 25,654 118 101 South Africa
Equador OM3PR " 21,918 94 78 ZT6T 36,960 112 96
*HC1JQ 21 2,492 32 28 PE2K " 21,658 106 91 (OP:ZS6RJ)
EA1FA " 21,350 75 70
Peru LY5G " 20,970 104 90 ASIA
*OA6Q A 361,340 425 290 GMØOBX " 17,355 78 65 Asiatic Russia
*OA4AHW " 128 9 8 IZ1ANK " 7,810 57 55 RM9A 20,560 91 80
YC2MDU " 5,969 53 47 (OP:RG9A)
Uruguay S5ØL " 4,040 42 40 UIØL 26,784 97 72
CX9AU A 249,210 353 234 (OP:S56WKC) (OP:RAØLSO)
*CX5UA A 22,825 93 83 US8IEU " 2,528 34 32
YBØANN " 2,408 38 28 Hong Kong
Venezuela DU1AVC " 1,911 24 21 VR2VIY 1,211,015 1156 403
*YV5KG A 71,172 135 108 EE2A " 1,736 30 28
*YY1YLY 28 1,458,700 981 503 (OP:EA2SN) Japan
*YV1KK 21 1,734,798 993 598 DL5M " 494 13 13 JA1ZGP 608,646 596 361
*4M1M " 85,004 191 158 (OP:DL1FY) (OP:JE1BJP)
*YV5AAX 14 420,195 433 327 DG4AM " 60 6 6 JA1ZGO 335,250 413 298
*YW5T 7 1,323,328 622 368 IZ3NVR 28 8,874 64 58 (OP:JJ1RXC)
(OP:YV5JBI) LA1DSA " 1,232 25 22
*4M1F " 678,876 431 278 IZ2JNN " 1,100 25 22 Thailand
IK5RUN 21 267,540 372 294 E2X 2,634,600 1501 600
TM9K " 112,515 227 195 (OP:E2ØGMY)
QRP (OP:F5BEG)
RX1CQ A 1,066,456 881 436
HA3HX " 80,444 203 169
EUROPE
K2YG " 540,400 630 350 Andora
KE8M " 461,678 500 343 SP4LVK " 72,329 186 151 C37URA 4,941,732 2002 732
W6QU " 268,355 423 281 OE5TKM " 54,234 167 138 (OP:C31KC)
(OP:W8QZA) YU7ZZ " 44,802 147 131
UA7G " 185,280 318 240 PAØAWH " 20,930 99 91 Bosnia-Herzegovina
JA6DIJ " 126,338 244 181 BI4OJF " 8,758 78 58 E73ENS 156,600 298 216
VA3SB " 103,812 233 164 BA7QT " 7,632 66 53 (OP:E73Y)
K8ZT " 100,890 231 190 UR5XMM " 7,332 54 52
JK1TCV " 94,350 210 150 GØWAT " 6,032 55 52 Bulgaria
WØRAA " 90,534 317 191 M7P " 1,064 20 19 LZ/K1LZ 121,144 207 152
RU7A " 82,521 202 173 (OP:G6NHU) (OP:K1LZ)
RV3DBK " 81,797 219 157 PU2TRX " 572 26 26
N8ME " 68,620 244 146 YC1HBP " 189 9 9 Croatia
RA3DJA " 68,244 191 141 SBØA 14 399,438 548 351 9A5D 7,841,658 2483 957
AB3WS " 49,278 171 129 (OP:SMØLPO) (OP:9A3AW)
NE5LL " 43,148 192 134 YL3DJ " 163,170 336 245 9A9M 58,870 169 145
(OP:N1CC) HG6C " 123,432 274 222 (OP:9A8A)
WFØT " 33,516 181 126 (OP:HA6IAM)
WB9QAF/Ø " 24,645 150 93 A92AA " 87,084 188 164 Czech Republic
WB8JUI " 24,200 123 100 SQ6PNP " 71,154 204 177 OL7M 10,565,802 2933 1038
AD3Y/2 " 8,040 72 60 UT2IV " 42,534 144 139 (OP:OK1CID)
JR2EKD " 7,056 54 49 US5ERQ " 24,840 119 108 OK1KSL 5,203,088 2000 799
N7RCS " 3,604 63 53 SP8LXE " 22,684 118 106 (OP:OK1AHJ)
JN3DMJ " 3,395 42 35 YO8TND " 18,490 110 86
AF9J " 2,738 46 37 CO2VE " 14,544 93 72 European Russia
WA5KSC/4 " 1,288 24 23 YU1RH " 7,198 63 59 RK3DXW 2,072,277 1301 621
JG8IBY " 1,166 24 22 YB1MBA " 55 5 5 (OP:RJ3DF)
JA9MAT " 494 14 13 IZ1MHY " 48 4 4 RO5F 46,640 124 106
UAØSBQ " 192 8 8 IZ1UJE " 1 1 1 (OP:UI3D)
AF5Q " 190 10 10 LZ8U 7 302,148 335 231
RT4W 28 55,488 176 136 (OP:LZ2TU) Fed. Rep. of Germany
R7NA " 13,464 79 66 IZ2QKG " 21,316 82 73 DP7D 6,451,032 2108 893
K6OO " 9,112 83 67 GMØHVS " 7,470 46 45 (OP:DL1REM)
N5IJE 21 46,464 182 128 ON3DI 3.5 216,776 287 196 DL1T 1,948,224 1115 556
WD9FTZ/8 " 36,600 129 120 IK4UXA " 110,136 201 156 (OP:DJ7JC)
RA3XEV " 15,210 89 78 DK6SP " 95,904 195 148 DJ5LA 457,821 515 301
K5PAX " 950 32 25 YO8WW " 70,328 152 118
JG3MGG " 828 18 18 9A4AA " 67,100 143 122 Hungary
JM4WUZ " 12 2 2 EA3KX " 50,504 124 107 HG7T 10,456,812 2877 1038
KB2HSH 14 28,188 149 116 SP6EIY " 49,268 120 109 (OP:HA7TM)
NK5G " 20,900 155 110 M3C " 8,370 48 45 HG1S 7,980,651 2485 917
K6VHF " 11,096 115 76 (OP:GØVQR) (OP:HA1TJ)
RW3AI " 3,320 43 40 2EØOXF " 1,406 19 19
VE3IBW " 1,482 26 26 KP2DX " 1,054 17 17 Italy
KM4MK " 60 6 6 (OP:KP2BH) IQ1RY 9,670,920 2729 1015
7N4WPY 7 23,270 71 65 DL8GM " 2 1 1 (OP:I1BEP)
JF2NLH/1 " 180 10 9 IQ6AN 7,331,345 2409 899
(OP:JF2NLH/1) (OP:IK6VXO)
JH1WGW " 70 5 5 IQ3UD 2,093,320 1126 590
JRØBUL " 16 2 2 MULTI-OPERATOR (OP:IV3IXN)
VE4DRK " 2 1 1 SINGLE TRANSMITTER HIGH POWER
K3TW/4 3.5 216 9 9 NORTH AMERICA Lithuania
TM3T A 1,594,104 989 508 United States LY98O 3,752,000 1697 700
(OP:F5VBT) K1SFA 7,077,954 2503 881 (OP:LY8O)
IZ8JFL/1 " 1,008,900 706 475 (OP:K1MK @K1TTT) LY2BUU 1,248,918 875 447
(OP:IZ8JFL/1) KT1I 1,341,130 1132 490
OK2FD " 866,096 621 407 N1RR 139,700 301 220 Luxembourg
YO8RAA " 692,184 548 382 (OP:@K6ND) LX9LARU 2,676,262 1354 586
DO1FCB " 472,976 493 328 WW4LL 7,507,472 2671 952 (OP:LX1ER)
EA1GT " 336,555 456 277 NN4MM 2,166,496 1384 632
OH2LZI " 320,212 455 277 (OP:AA4YL) Norway
DL8TG " 291,018 394 273 KV4JK 642,690 557 370 LG5LG 2,801,012 1425 634
US5ZCW " 253,650 355 285 (OP:W4JAM) (OP:DG7EE)
E73Z " 235,524 296 228 W4ML 210,328 352 244
G4FPA " 201,349 312 227 (OP:KI4UDF) Sicily
UN7EG " 170,996 249 197 W4UAL 124,236 285 203 IQ9UI 8,565,960 2700 969
DL/SP2UUU " 170,477 294 227 (OP:KM4KFB) (OP:IW9GTD)
(OP:SP2UUU) AA5B 1,273,992 1248 487
LZ3GW " 129,564 246 183 K5TQ 809,973 889 393 Slovak Republic
DL2TM " 116,550 224 175 K7JR 1,192,516 1092 494 OM3RRC 743,728 589 376
DL2DWP " 93,885 201 165 (OP:K7MK) (OP:OM4TQ)
DL6ABB " 78,671 192 151 K7ZS 1,127,610 1052 495
HA2SK " 77,904 175 144 K7RI 1,101,600 1208 459 Slovenia
SQ6PHP " 60,250 167 125 NV9L 4,455,634 2021 811 S59T 38,180 103 92
DDØVS " 59,094 139 126 NCØDX 4,703,694 2166 838
IZ2JPN " 55,680 163 116 (OP:WØLSD) Spain
OK7CM " 53,784 161 108 AK9D/Ø 87,007 328 167 ED1R 9,616,320 2916 1008
UT7ZZ " 51,708 178 139 (OP:KCØVTJ) (OP:EA1AR)

Sweden Fed. Repulic of German Ireland
SK7K 2,173,446 1199 594 *DQ4W 2,591,057 1304 623 EI7M 2,406,552 1270 591
(OP:SG7A) (OP:DK7MCX)
*DFØBLM 1,918,752 1102 552 Luxembourg
Switzerland (OP:DH7TS) LX7I 13,356,595 3697 1063
HB9ZZ 2,458,296 1302 599 *DN2MR 1,064,385 777 465
(OP:HB9EXQ) *DR3W 999,449 665 473 Norway
(OP:DL3ABL) LN5O 2,519,722 1303 622
Ukraine *DLØVG 909,230 745 419
UW9I 1,994,076 1237 579 (OP:DO2VI) Spain
(OP:US8ICM) *DF4WC 264,698 394 259 ED2C 4,937,670 2216 747
*DHØDX 39,536 128 112
(OP:DK5TX) MULTI-OPERATOR
OCEANIA
Indonesia Ireland MULTI-TRANSMITTER
YE1C 556,920 575 340 *EI1E 920,630 856 430 NORTH AMERICA
(OP:YB1ACN) (OP:EI4KH) United States
NR4M 13,595,231 4424 1109
SOUTH AMERICA Italy
Argentina *IQ2CU 1,756,530 1059 522 ASIA
LU1AMH 104,912 235 158 (OP:I2XLF) Asiatic Russia
*IQ3WW 606,498 594 373 RWØA 16,376,070 4559 1009
Chile (OP:IZ3XNJ)
CB1H 1,955,092 1227 538 Japan
(OP:CE1UMY) Lithuania JE1ZWT 34,680 127 102
CE2LS 1,759,324 1162 532 *LY16W 1,906,868 998 554
(OP:CE2DMR) (OP:LY1FW) EUROPE
3G1B 993,168 800 432 Croatia
(OP:CA1EGT) Netherlands 9A1A 26,470,904 6099 1289
*PI4VAD 9,180 63 60
(OP:PDØEJD) Czech Republic
MULTI-OPERATOR OK1RPL 99,541 197 169
SINGLE TRANSMITTER LOW POWER Poland
NORTH AMERICA *3Z35RTTY 820,820 664 385 Fed. Rep. of Germany
United States (OP:SP1C) DR5N 13,239,565 3774 1069
*NG1R 1,335,180 987 510 *SP9ZHR 613,080 537 360 DG1VL 9,627,900 3101 1005
(OP:W1QK) (OP:SP9EMI)
*NY6DX/2 483,658 610 358 *SP5KCR 100,254 238 186 Finland
*NF2RS 167,832 352 216 (OP:SQ5WWK) OH5C 7,192,277 2833 877
(OP:K2QO)
*WW2NJ 6,820 58 55 Portugal Latvia
(OP:KG2GL) *CT2JMR 333,483 393 267 YL4U 8,551,391 2959 901
*KD4JMV 860 20 20
*KN5S 563,174 703 386
(OP:KS5TX) Serbia
*AA5NT 33,120 151 115 Romania YT9A 707,126 552 371
*KI5EE 17,954 122 94 *YO4KAK 5,203 48 43
*KU9V 35,226 139 103 (OP:YO4AH)
*KI6DY/Ø 235,942 442 266 ROOKIE
Spain United States
Alaska *ED3D 1,497,678 1032 507 AB3WS A 49,278 171 129
*WL7CXP 929,430 851 414 (OP:EA3AYQ) KM4MK 14 60 6 6
(OP:WL7F) WD8ANZ A 1,120 17 16
Ukraine WK9U 7 479,516 571 313
Belize *UZØA 2,358,895 1314 605 *AC2QY A 195,930 322 210
*V31GW 153,069 281 197 *UX4E 759,780 684 405 *AD2KA " 187,054 370 217
(OP:DK9GG) (OP:UR7EC) *KD2HEK " 168,000 314 240
*UR4RWW 103,428 193 156 *KW4CR " 104,130 242 178
(OP:UZ1RM) *WA8RPK " 96,534 255 186
AFRICA *NF4E " 84,303 215 171
Ethiopa *K8SE " 75,192 195 156
*ET7L 192,888 346 188 OCEANIA *N2HMM " 67,195 211 151
(OP:UW7LL) Indonesia *NK9O " 66,164 192 139
*YE1ZAT 1,790,415 1011 495 *AI6EJ " 60,771 220 141
(OP:YC1DPM) *NV3Y " 44,070 143 130
ASIA *YE1ZAL 22,599 104 93 *AA6MK " 32,096 186 118
Asiatic Russia (OP:YB1HDR) *ADØFL " 29,412 168 114
*RYØA 1,321,995 950 465 *AI6CN " 11,088 91 72
Philippines *AJ4AA " 5,635 58 49
Asiatic Turkey *DX3R 498,334 660 202 *KC1DKY " 920 21 20
*TC7G 33,800 117 100 (OP:DU3JH) *KC1DDO 14 5,141 61 53
(OP:TA7AZC) *K1AUS/7 " 1,512 40 36
*KC1ANM 3.5 286 12 11
Japan MULTI-OPERATOR
*JJ2YKZ 50,370 179 115 TWO TRANSMITTER DX
(OP:JK2VOC) NORTH AMERICA OE5TKM 21 54,234 167 138
United States BI4OJF " 8,758 78 58
Thailand NW1E 5,006,458 2296 821 A92AA 14 87,084 188 164
*HS4UEL 494,184 575 349 NB3R 6,760,825 2574 925 JH1WGW 7 70 5 5
WX3SKY 5,907,300 2725 870 ER5LL A 767,142 673 414
WB8SKP/4 436,912 648 329 OK7LO " 374,480 436 310
EUROPE KN5TX 3,596,863 2265 743 SV2KF " 310,426 376 269
Bosnia-Herzegovina KB8O 3,914,160 2180 705 VE3TCV " 258,266 394 263
*E71EZC 375,144 479 319 K9CT 12,224,268 4072 1084 UT7EJ " 208,445 305 235
(OP:E7ØRA) NØNI 3,621,102 1863 786 JI1ANI " 14,152 70 61
SV2JU " 4,848 50 48
Croatia Canada A96A 21 282,124 362 281
*9A7T 2,292,968 1075 647 VE7IO 195,227 374 197 YD9SBP " 166,246 307 202
(OP:9A2EU) IU1FQQ 14 93,396 226 181
*9A7B 395,430 441 294 A61EK 7 412,676 321 226
(OP:9A1CFN) ASIA *IU4CHE A 1,239,446 839 494
Japan *CR5U " 855,525 807 425
Czech Republic JH4UTP 3,692,640 1573 735 (OP:CS7AJL)
*OK2RVM 779,880 665 388 *UN5GAV " 490,420 497 310
(OP:OK2PDU) EUROPE *SI6I " 483,472 526 328
*OK5SWL 3,366 33 33 Belgium (OP:SA6CMO)
(OP:OK2SWD) ON6NL 4,487,200 1867 790 *GM4UQG " 422,816 530 362
*2EØDSQ " 332,061 383 289
England Bulgaria *EA2BF " 259,992 404 276
*MØA 2,844,486 1468 666 LZ7A 9,772,958 3150 962 *WP4PGY " 244,545 451 255
(OP:G8APB) *EW4FG " 208,534 342 254
Croatia *DL1XG " 204,792 308 212
9A5K 8,150,652 2613 926 *OO7R " 179,424 292 224
Estonia (OP:ON6OM)
*ES1O 1,031,940 890 420 European Russia *XE1USG " 150,540 296 195
(OP:ES6ME) RT4D 954,600 811 444 *JR2MIO/2 " 147,159 264 197
*ES5YG 473,632 521 328 *IU4DTV " 137,340 257 180
(OP:ES5JR) Fed. Rep. of Germany *IU4FNO " 120,546 233 181
DKØWRTC 7,704,792 2747 904 *IZ3ZLT " 95,023 216 167
European Russia *CO2XK " 86,544 198 144
*RK3PWR 1,778,894 1285 554 Greece *LB5HG " 79,570 188 146
*RN4SW 1,021,020 925 476 SZ1A 9,621,045 3307 945 *SA6CME " 78,590 191 145

*IU3BPW " 70,807 199 157 *K8YE/4 " 139,008 298 192 IK2AHB " 438,048 525 338
*EA4GQS " 61,248 152 132 *KD3HN " 137,788 256 196 IW3FVZ " 433,592 484 332
*7K1CPT " 48,600 152 120 *K7DR/8 " 132,696 312 194 DLØLK " 428,346 490 318
*IZ5VCI " 48,222 150 141 *WB2NFL " 130,174 271 194 (OP:DL8HCO)
*IZ2SXZ " 39,600 117 100 *NA9RB " 126,524 266 188 IK1BPL " 421,362 446 306
*OH2EUU " 39,211 135 113 *KR1CW " 111,414 239 186 OH9VD " 416,108 483 308
*YD1EMV " 30,200 116 100 *WØQQG/4 " 111,239 286 173 EA3FF " 410,836 517 271
*RZ3DC " 26,578 102 97 *KO3T " 92,259 208 153 NH2DX " 401,225 493 275
*IK8ARF " 17,712 95 82 *N5SMQ/4 " 88,536 230 168 (OP:KG6DX)
*IU2FQW " 8,050 48 46 *NM9P " 85,440 227 160 WH7W " 373,681 433 253
*IW3IOD " 7,668 60 54 *K7ON " 84,240 251 144 G8GNI " 342,615 387 273
*YD9SOQ " 7,638 54 38 *W8TAH " 83,475 232 175 SV1ELI " 337,744 442 304
*UR3RAA " 6,525 48 45 *NC4MI " 79,182 209 159 US1IV " 335,688 423 284
*LB8AG " 6,355 47 41 *W5NZ/4 " 66,528 276 168 JA2AXB " 282,240 345 252
*F8FSC " 4,480 36 35 *N4QWB " 66,518 196 158 RN1ON " 268,110 409 270
*UA6HI " 72 7 6 *N3MWQ " 63,180 204 156 JA3HBF " 262,750 363 250
*YY1YLY 28 1,458,700 981 503 *N8FYL " 57,084 176 142 VE3SS " 239,607 322 237
*PU8TAS " 13,386 78 69 *KØTLG " 46,812 210 141 RWØBG " 221,100 306 220
*BH4OUF 21 112,288 299 176 *K4EDI " 46,000 141 125 DL4ABR " 219,960 340 234
*YB3XVO " 4 2 2 *KI8JY " 44,118 154 129 DL3XM " 198,024 283 223
*IK8LXI 14 118,080 277 205 *KC3DBG " 41,600 125 100 RC5D " 182,490 367 237
*RK3SWS " 7,526 63 53 *KØOO/3 " 34,210 148 110 JH1CTV " 182,115 303 213
*9A3DZH 7 108,416 168 154 *KØTC " 33,372 152 108 F4FDR " 169,205 288 215
*IU2CIQ " 22,940 80 74 *NA7RH " 32,232 141 102 JN3TMW " 168,400 269 200
*YU4OIZ 3.5 122,450 202 155 *KC9YL " 31,752 137 108 DK9IP " 152,295 244 195
*WRØU " 30,401 136 101 DJ3IW " 150,489 207 207
*N7FG " 25,344 150 99 UA5D " 146,957 312 223
TRIBANDER/SINGLE ELEMENT *K7RBT " 21,203 122 91 IQ8LR " 141,740 242 190
United States *NK4P/9 " 19,272 96 88 (OP:IZ8DVD)
AF5Q A 190 10 10 *WM5Q " 15,624 100 84 UT5ECZ " 134,064 197 168
K6OO 28 9,112 83 67 *NJ8G/7 " 7,006 78 62 RW4WZ " 122,112 260 212
N3QE A 2,913,318 1488 681 *K9CHP/2 " 3,915 48 45 JAØIOF " 109,047 222 163
K3MD " 1,965,414 1270 614 *KDØCVZ " 3,149 54 47 JI5NWQ " 94,692 221 156
WX1S " 1,958,372 1075 676 *NJ1F/2 " 2,997 42 37 JA7ZP " 87,435 195 145
AD5XD " 1,919,670 1443 610 *N4VZ " 910 14 14 SP6IEQ " 82,212 182 156
WØELT/9 " 1,481,184 1186 556 *W1FYM " 891 28 27 PY2MC " 68,943 164 147
W6SX " 1,462,599 1493 489 *W1ZD/7 21 503,139 595 399 JG3RPL " 63,756 170 138
WD5K " 1,391,920 1162 548 *N2MUN " 95,183 216 187 IZ8CCW " 62,816 189 151
NY4I " 1,154,000 875 500 *AA7UN " 7,550 56 50 YO2DFA " 57,420 156 132
(OP:W4CU) *AF5CC " 3,432 41 39 OH2BBT " 56,448 169 126
WD9Q " 915,513 792 453 *W4LC 14 327,488 462 344 YO5CUQ " 52,038 137 118
W6AEA/7 " 896,584 902 466 *K6GHA " 286,090 461 335 JE1HRC " 50,150 136 118
NN6XX " 854,485 1074 415 *N9TF " 212,064 431 282 EA3CS " 46,717 168 137
K6EU " 734,860 897 406 *K4PZC " 43,884 171 138 IZ2DII " 19,710 74 73
W3GVX " 647,570 641 385 *WA1HEW/3 7 57,600 174 120 JH1APK " 17,225 71 65
N8LRG " 464,645 541 335 *AB1J 3.5 93,572 251 149 JK3NSD " 16,008 75 69
K7VIT " 413,448 629 322 *W6NF/Ø " 3,150 38 35 PY7VI " 13,620 78 60
AI4WW " 373,470 537 295 RZ3RZ " 13,090 77 70
K5MXG " 372,419 520 323 DX IK2YXP " 11,220 71 66
W1TO " 370,656 445 297 DL/SP2UUU A 170,477 294 227 EB2RA " 6,072 51 44
WA6OSX " 370,359 577 319 (OP:SP2UUU) ZX2B 28 1,758,058 1097 547
4U1WB/3 " 365,110 592 290 JA6DIJ " 126,338 244 181 (OP:PY2MNL)
(OP:AJ3M) DH5MM " 44,982 136 119 EA5FID " 61,476 175 141
KØJPL " 322,092 475 276 IZ1ANK " 7,810 57 55 ZM3T " 40,932 131 108
W1EQ " 297,000 476 297 YC2MDU " 5,969 53 47 (OP:W3SE)
K1RO " 227,652 362 244 US8IEU " 2,528 34 32 DL3HAH " 23,316 100 87
AD4TJ " 165,756 323 228 DU1AVC " 1,911 24 21 VU2IBI " 17,850 90 85
AK6M " 155,589 321 217 UR5XMM 21 7,332 54 52 UT2AB " 2,378 30 29
(OP:K6MM) M7P " 1,064 20 19 UA3RF 21 1,349,842 1065 538
W9LHG/Ø " 130,464 307 216 (OP:G6NHU) UN4PG " 992,750 807 475
NA4C " 90,720 253 162 SBØA 14 399,438 548 351 UA6LJB " 664,384 651 448
WK1J " 76,032 161 132 (OP:SMØLPO) UR5FBM " 444,056 488 376
NS4X " 71,064 198 141 LZ8U 7 302,148 335 231 UA9LEW " 352,401 493 291
KB8ECG " 66,885 188 147 (OP:LZ2TU) JO7KMB " 231,420 324 266
W6NS " 48,312 158 132 IZ2QKG " 21,316 82 73 KP4JFR " 201,250 338 250
K9DR/7 " 23,030 120 94 DK6SP 3.5 95,904 195 148 IK2QIN " 89,088 205 174
K7EIQ " 9,660 62 60 RT9S A 3,559,005 1434 643 JH7CUO " 45,496 134 121
WA2VYA/5 " 4,633 50 41 GWØA " 3,014,787 1541 681 GM3W 14 2,119,355 1302 665
KF7PBM " 4,320 58 48 DM5TI " 2,632,200 1402 615 (OP:GM3SEK)
KØALT " 3,320 43 40 DL6NDW " 2,623,752 1279 648 EA8CMX " 1,129,056 835 456
NW3DC " 513 22 19 M3I " 2,233,808 1269 596 IW3QRM " 1,110,796 881 548
(OP:W3DQ) (OP:GØORH) USØMS " 481,032 557 393
AA7V 28 33,152 166 112 GM8SBH " 1,947,954 1098 582 EU1DX " 339,426 464 327
WK7S 21 1,639,338 1254 631 (OP:GMØFGI) MØUNI " 241,678 361 298
(OP:K6LL) YT2U " 1,894,680 1082 554 PY2KJ " 94,628 200 164
W9ILY " 899,198 749 499 EA5EJ " 1,598,400 1091 540 IW3RQT " 80,388 212 174
WV6I " 43,648 168 124 9A2NO " 1,566,765 985 555 VK6SMK " 75 5 5
(OP:N6WM) DK5MB " 1,522,584 912 532 EU4E 7 1,533,072 805 456
KZ7X 14 260,929 564 311 RM3DA " 1,356,878 866 449 SV3FUO " 848,392 601 346
W3RTY " 238,784 416 287 J42P " 1,313,534 1041 554 UR4MG " 369,420 351 262
K9OM/4 7 2,192,256 949 576 (OP:SV2BXA) F5MYK " 24 2 2
W9AKS " 54,064 169 124 RØQA " 1,256,283 887 483 JF2IWL " 6 1 1
KX7L 3.5 8,778 72 57 UX5IO " 1,232,506 863 463 OK2SFP 3.5 1,028,600 708 370
K6YL " 112 7 7 YQ6A " 1,219,104 847 498 SP5DL " 171,292 242 187
*KA2D A 1,114,245 859 495 (OP:YO6BHN) EA5DM " 65,148 136 122
*K2DSL " 593,806 626 367 ON5GQ " 1,218,464 872 464 UT8EU " 47,488 124 106
*WB2RHM/4 " 549,974 593 353 OE2LCM " 1,199,502 866 458 RA9UN " 2,438 23 23
*KY3W " 506,399 546 349 YL9T " 1,105,437 837 471 *RA9AU A 1,899,562 1126 482
*KM6Z " 477,286 760 334 (OP:YL2TW) *RG5A " 1,797,152 1216 568
*NN5T " 452,661 676 319 RU9AZ " 1,028,524 794 436 *UT5EPP " 1,737,580 1191 533
*KW9U " 448,864 556 332 GM5M " 1,022,200 904 475 *GM1C " 1,661,060 1045 529
*K7MKL/Ø " 431,648 710 329 BV1EK " 979,608 894 392 (OP:GM1BSG)
*N8CWU " 410,800 579 316 KL7SB " 894,362 852 386 *SP9H " 1,638,756 835 588
*KG4V/1 " 383,700 427 300 YL2JZ " 837,254 704 418 *DJ8OG " 1,468,848 780 568
(OP:N1EN) GØHDV " 808,488 715 394 *RT7N " 1,421,892 1037 508
*KS2G " 350,910 473 315 JA9CWJ " 782,460 641 405 *US6CQ " 1,347,104 917 473
*WGØM " 344,433 517 321 YO5OHY " 765,576 651 392 *DL3SYA " 1,202,080 896 440
*AC5O " 316,641 584 299 YB6HAI " 760,838 558 338 *ON4CT " 1,196,419 806 469
*N5KWN " 287,802 518 271 UR4EI " 706,442 641 394 *UX3IW " 1,189,058 798 494
*AI4GR " 267,008 433 256 DK1LRS " 698,472 625 356 *DJ4MH " 1,141,348 794 467
*K7ANT " 253,440 399 264 JA3QOS " 676,734 604 366 *OK4GP " 1,123,192 763 434
*N7UVH " 234,957 506 271 UR5CN " 642,048 586 352 *OG3P " 1,080,335 789 499
*ND9Z " 209,040 398 240 JN3SAC " 624,624 551 364 (OP:OH3P)
*W4PJW " 199,800 373 225 RAØFF " 622,288 602 356 *DK1IP " 1,079,828 789 452
*WB9TFH " 195,755 415 235 DL4LAM " 608,640 553 384 *SV8DTD " 998,065 820 433
*KM4JA " 164,800 320 200 IK8UND " 529,209 547 381 *SE4E " 985,232 788 443
*WØPI " 160,484 405 212 SP5SR " 528,990 548 385 (OP:SM4DQE)
*ADØJA " 159,744 350 208 S58Q " 528,660 494 330 *DK1KC " 983,310 706 438
*N3ALN " 155,100 313 220 OK6DJ " 528,388 494 334 *TI2OY " 907,330 751 410
*W1CCE/4 " 151,904 325 202 SP7AH " 516,810 526 321 *PA3AIN " 894,520 673 418
*N7DQ " 149,160 360 220 VK2CA " 512,383 579 307 *UX7QV " 893,772 845 396
*WI9WI " 148,074 352 222 IK7NXU " 506,230 500 355 *I1DXD " 834,886 694 394

*IT9VCE " 817,200 735 400 *JE4MHL " 83,088 204 144 *YU1AST 7 1,763,580 816 510
*HZ1PS " 804,768 664 404 *JJ1KZZ " 82,992 176 152 (OP:YT2T)
*GUØSUP " 787,720 617 470 *DL6NWA " 73,852 181 148 *IK3TPP " 1,714,620 838 510
*UT8IT " 730,394 600 406 *G3VAO " 73,472 195 164 *OK2RU " 1,070,080 621 418
*DL1RTL " 700,876 597 374 *DD5MA " 72,360 165 134 *S51DX " 946,308 580 402
*SQ3RX " 693,780 606 372 *PY2XV " 66,303 183 139 *Z39A " 734,296 506 349
*OK1PMA " 692,809 579 389 *DF8JK " 66,202 196 158 *DJ2RG " 607,054 481 331
*DFØBV " 686,721 607 371 *UR5EIT " 62,042 161 134 *DL5KUD " 584,240 441 335
(OP:DL1MAJ) *DO2AMS " 61,490 154 130 *WP4WW " 384,744 340 246
*TG9ANF " 681,096 881 354 *PA3FYG " 60,382 163 133 (OP:KP4JRS)
*PA3DBS " 633,912 589 366 *ZS1BHJ " 57,150 153 127 *9A2SW " 372,060 344 265
*DC6RI " 619,875 582 375 *JK6CSW " 56,763 163 119 *IWØQO " 253,786 297 227
*UAØUK " 565,152 685 348 *LU1WI " 54,810 157 126 *JI3CWI " 122,208 199 152
*SP5XOV " 533,010 483 327 *DF7XH " 51,537 141 123 *JM1NKT " 115,736 190 148
*UA3SAQ " 526,110 468 355 *VE3NI " 51,260 142 110 *IZ7XNB " 66,024 142 126
*OH8FAL " 511,497 582 353 *JA8CEA " 47,730 130 129 *GØMBA " 50,058 118 103
*LZ1ZM " 511,478 546 347 *SM3OMO " 46,464 155 128 *IZ5MOQ " 48,616 130 103
*CT1GVN " 509,376 542 336 *EA4CU " 43,456 134 112 *YC2NDX " 19,764 66 61
*LU6DC " 486,972 519 324 *IK3MLF " 41,987 125 121 *ON4AA " 5,644 37 34
*LZ1QV " 485,808 425 349 *HF5ØKDA " 39,840 112 96 *7M4GMH " 2,632 29 28
*2E1AYS " 480,760 560 340 (OP:SP6MQO) *DD1MAT " 2,600 26 26
*DG7RO " 478,224 465 324 *SQ9PPT " 39,520 104 95 *PU7DEF " 56 4 4
*SP9ZPS " 471,856 490 308 *IV3AEB " 39,104 128 104 *SP9BNM 3.5 493,728 437 296
(OP:SQ9CXC) *JE1CAC " 37,638 122 102 *LA/DL7URH " 413,920 407 260
*UV7E " 467,142 552 318 *DL1HBT " 36,733 124 109 (OP:DL7URH)
*R3PV " 442,224 544 332 *7N2AIA " 33,294 123 93 *UR7CB " 114,240 198 160
*2EØAOZ " 425,842 538 298 *VU2AE " 33,280 115 104 *IW4EGX " 102,900 189 147
*IK2YSJ " 416,160 449 306 *VE6DDD " 31,488 105 96 *IK1ZNU " 54,720 133 114
*UA4FX " 414,060 502 309 *IKØPRP " 31,395 126 105 *UX2HR " 35,712 112 96
*7N2UQC " 407,253 463 301 *JH4GLG " 30,780 113 95 *IZ5OQX " 27,216 90 81
*HA5VZ " 393,040 441 289 *JA8KGG " 29,799 113 99 *EE4EA " 18,492 72 67
*EW1IP " 389,538 445 306 *I2ORX " 27,937 102 91 (OP:EA4GHB)
*IK3ORD " 388,696 434 308 *IK5QPS " 27,664 108 104 *G3VGZ " 13,224 60 58
*SM7CIL " 382,470 437 305 *JA7CNS/1 " 27,636 110 94
*RZ9AD " 352,800 444 288 *UA6JQ " 26,724 107 102
*UAØLMO " 349,866 451 297 *RA4L " 26,269 124 109 CHECK LOGS
*SV2CLJ " 339,034 391 283 *JG3SVP " 24,459 114 93 4Z5OZ, 5C5W, AA2HJ, AB4VT, BG9GXM, CT1EGF, CX2AQ, DD1UN,
*CE4SFG " 331,516 437 268 *YC9GWR " 18,802 87 79 DF9KF, DGØERS, DH3SR, DK8IF, DL2AL, DL5ZB, DL6ATI, DL7SLB,
*DK5ØMUC " 319,790 398 283 *IC8AJU " 17,922 92 87 DL9DAJ, DM5DX, E72U, EA1MW, EA3XP, EA4AFP, EA4CRP, EA7AHA,
(OP:DL5NO) *JA7DPC " 17,739 77 73 EA7JOY, EA7TG, EW4RF, F1VEV, F5SJC, GØJSP, GØVXE, G7SSE,
*EM25A " 311,491 384 251 *VK4BL " 17,080 87 70 HA6NN, HF35PBW, HK1X, HK3W, I2DJX, IKØHBN, IK1YDB, IK4UOA,
*UT5T " 307,064 368 262 *JG2RZF " 16,767 94 69 IQ2CJ, IV3DSH, IZØUME, IZ1HDR, IZ1RYS, JA1JPM, JA5TNF,
(OP:UR5TL) *SP2UU " 16,354 84 74 JA9NFO, JF9KVT, JI3BFC, KØGK, K1SX, K5CKS, K7MK, KB4BYH,
*SV1PMH " 300,312 353 258 *SV9FBP " 16,200 89 81 KD2JQG, KE7XM, LA7XK, LA9TY, LU3MAM, LY4OO, LY9Y, LZ1JZ,
*YO8PS " 298,287 373 253 *IW2JRV " 15,336 83 72 LZ1ZU, N4MRM, N6MZ, OE6MDF, OH7CW, OK1MP, OK1ZE, OK2BHD,
*UR3ABM " 279,627 367 249 *JA5AEA " 14,364 71 63 OK2ZO, ON4APU, OO4O, PAØRRA, PA3GCU, PY2VZ, R3AT, R6YY,
*UX5UU " 277,001 371 239 *DK5CM " 14,256 79 72 R7NZ, R9SA, RAØR, RA3XDX, RA4DB, RA9AMO, RK3UWA, RN2F,
*SV1NZX " 271,152 311 269 *VA6XDX " 13,333 77 67 RU1AT, RU3EJ, RU6L, RU6YK, RV1AQ, RV3ID, RV3LO, RV3YM,
*VE3MGY " 270,480 396 196 (OP:VE6LB) RV6HEO, RWØLCN, RW3Z, S51J, S57X, S59D, SMØLGO, SP2YWL,
*A31MM " 268,345 473 187 *SP9KJU " 10,752 60 56 SP3UY, SP5XSD, SP6CZ, SP8EEX, SP9CVY, SP9YFF, SV1GRB,
*JA1PCM " 264,330 363 270 (OP:SP9MDY) SV2JAO, SV3QUP, TK5MH, UA3AGW, UA4NCI, UA4UT, UN7JX,
*EU1FQ " 260,028 348 233 *JF6MGC " 9,352 69 56 UR2VA, UR4IOR, UR5FS, UR8IDX, USØLW, US5EEK, UT5PY, UV7IW,
*7L4IOU " 253,440 341 240 *VU2ABS " 7,728 44 42 UX2IB, UY5IG, VA3PCJ, VE3SD, VE3VSM, VE5RC, VK6LC, W3SA,
*YB8RW " 245,388 388 156 *RX9DJ " 5,187 42 39 W6NWS, W8OV, WS7I, XE1TD, XE2B, YL2MU, YO7BPC, YT3H,
*BG3ITB " 242,816 486 224 *BG6LQZ " 3,990 45 42 ZL1BYZ
*HZ1TL " 240,264 284 213 *JH1LNL " 3,959 42 37
*RK9AK " 238,389 328 229 *SV7CUD " 3,822 41 39
*IKØHTP " 238,124 331 236 *DJ1MM " 1,560 22 20
*RA9X " 237,705 396 265 *JA1GZK " 825 15 15
*VK4BRT " 236,208 345 222 *JG2XWH " 774 20 18
*LA8OKA " 234,864 315 233 *VK2KDP " 714 17 17
*JS1KKY " 232,800 333 240 *BH4UMN/7 " 408 13 12
*HG3FMZ " 227,584 381 256 *EF8J 28 657,105 629 355
*JH5HDA " 226,252 339 229 (OP:EA8CNR)
*JF1WNT " 223,202 330 214 *NH7AA " 336,000 463 250
*JA1MZM " 220,158 337 243 *ER1OO " 141,940 302 188
*JH3WKE " 214,622 326 239 *LU9EHU " 137,052 254 188
*IK2AUK " 213,024 322 224 *NP3YL " 47,880 198 120
*DLØDIX " 206,064 294 216 *IKØPEA " 43,419 137 123
(OP:DJ2AX) *HS3ANP " 39,872 134 112
*SP6MLX " 205,084 322 236 *JL3MCM " 38,727 124 117
*DN5MX " 200,928 297 224 *OK2CLW " 30,591 109 99
*G4EBK " 199,280 314 235 *EA3NO " 22,932 100 84
*YB8ROP " 188,244 297 166 *YB2ECG " 6,392 49 47
*DO4OD " 187,040 284 224 *DL1RPR " 1,944 29 27
*DL1HAZ " 185,724 278 201 *DJ2MX " 252 10 9
*ED4T " 181,879 299 239 *IT9RZU " 108 6 6
(OP:EA4CWN) *EA8DED 21 1,351,875 891 515
*S54X " 179,974 285 214 *IW9FDD " 498,510 552 382
*OH6BA " 172,270 280 214 *YT9VM " 434,826 501 357
*JN3TSY " 166,173 288 193 *R5ACQ " 245,032 391 281
*RD3FV " 166,140 297 234 *5W1SA " 178,642 341 179
*SM5S " 155,800 252 190 *VA6AK " 167,552 336 224
(OP:SM5SIC) *IK7XNF " 128,316 264 204
*YO4RST " 151,638 258 199 *EA7IA " 81,725 207 175
*DF6RI " 151,578 254 189 *PR7AR " 27,742 103 97
*MØNPQ " 150,282 280 207 *JH9CEN " 25,440 101 96 ,FRP<DHVX.HQZRRG7DU+HHO
*PC6C " 148,333 273 211 *UTØMF " 14,359 86 83
(OP:PC1EMR) *GØUWS " 11,431 74 71 Details at: www.tunematic.us
*VE3CV " 145,176 251 184 *JH6SCA " 6,624 56 48
*IT9JQY " 136,451 252 193 *DA9L " 4,400 46 44
*IK1WGZ " 135,632 224 196 (OP:DO1BEN) 352-236-0744
*EI3CTB " 133,713 238 179 *VU2MUD " 2,325 36 31 DEd/KEd,/^&KZ^W/>/^KhEd͊
*EA8PT " 132,363 240 191 *M9K 14 1,533,872 1089 592
*3G1D " 130,312 262 179 (OP:MØSIY)
(OP:XQ1FM) *YT2AAA " 495,957 570 399
*SP7WJ " 129,690 242 198 *LU5FF " 398,160 437 315
*WP3GW " 128,925 239 191 *YO2IS " 384,983 485 367
*F8PMO " 125,847 216 177 *R3LC " 231,460 399 284
*HB9CXK " 115,878 218 178 *VE3IAE " 167,526 314 227
*SV1KWA " 115,014 234 174 *JK8PBO " 165,663 306 237
*IK3QAR
*HB9CNY
"
"
113,736
109,880
220
216
168
164
*I4UUL
*S57YK
"
"
147,953
147,492
285
290
247
241
Real Hams Do Code
*IN3UFW " 109,382 228 182 *YB1TJ " 76,960 183 148 Learn code with hypnosis today.
*DL2AK " 103,320 212 168 *9A3BWW " 59,290 169 154 Download Now!
*LA2HFA " 98,436 204 156 *RA9AFZ " 33,920 120 106
*VU2DED
*JE1GZB
"
"
96,354
92,660
204
210
159
164
*M4P " 30,552 126 114
(OP:MØPMV)
www.success-is-easy.com
*EA1EHW " 87,576 203 164 *DL5GAC " 25,029 115 103
*EW1E " 85,974 201 161 *PAØMIR " 19,838 104 91 561-302-7731
*DK7FU " 84,420 185 140 *UA5F " 17,248 98 88 Success Easy
*R3IK " 84,152 213 157 *PP5ASF " 828 19 18
568 SE Maple Terrace, Port St. Lucie, FL 34983

ham shop ROTATING MONOPOLE TOWERS: SuperBertha . . .
Advertising Rates: Non-commercial ads are 20 cents per word including abbreviations and addresses. BudgetBertha . . . No guy wires, Entire pole rotates, Ground
Commercial and organization ads are $1.00 per word. Boldface words are $1.50 each (specify which words). level rotor. Stack and rotate all your antennas at optimum heights
Minimum charge $2.00. No ad will be printed unless accompanied by full remittance. All ads must be type- on one monopole. The Ultimate antenna system! Learn more
written double-spaced. and request free PDF catalog at www.SuperBertha.com or call
Closing Date: The 10th day in the third month preceding date of publication (example: Jan. 10th for the 814-881-9258.
March issue). Because the advertisers and equipment contained in Ham Shop have not been investigated, FUTURE TIMES: Dreams and visions of Disasters. Great
the Publisher of CQ cannot vouch for the merchandise listed therein. The publisher reserves the right to guide book for Hams. www.xlibris.com/futuretimes.html
reject any advertisement. Direct all correspondence and ad copy to: CQ Ham Shop, 25 Newbridge Road,
Hicksville, NY 11801 (fax: 516-681-2926; e-mail: <hamshop@cq-amateur-radio.com>. www.peidxlodge.com
HAWAII DX VACATION: SteppIR antennas, amplifiers, pri-

Premium RF Connectors, Antennas, Coax, Parts, and NEAT STUFF! DWM Communications: <http://qth.com/dwm> vate. KH6RC, <www.leilanibedandbreakfast.com>.
Accessories. W5SWL’s Ham Store — www.DavesHobby
Shop.com DXPEDITION DVD VIDEOS: For full description and how to
HAM TRAVELERS Discount travel, tours, cruises, more.
order . . . <www.k4uee.com/dvd/>.
www.GreatExpectationTravel.com
WANTED: IBM Model M, Space Saving Keyboard, Call KØKG,
(218) 850-1500 or email: <k0kg@arrl.net>. WWW.KM5KG.COM
PROMOTIONAL VIDEO: 15-minute DVD describes amateur
AMATEUR RADIO ELECTRONICS: Home Study Software, HAM RADIO PARADISE in the Pacific (NA-072) for sale. See radio’s fun and public service. Details: <www.neoham.org>.
Apps, and eBooks $2.99. <www.eptsoft.com/HomeStudy www.qsl.net/hp1vxh and e-mail to contadora@gmx.de
WANTED: OLD QSL CARD COLLECTIONS. Collector seeks
BUSINESS FOR SALE: ROSS DISTRIBUTING: Go to VORTEX ANTENNA SYSTEMS specialist in HF and VHF high US & DX cards. W2VRK, 9 Laird Terrace, Somerset, NJ 08873;
<www.rossdist.com>. WB7BYZ (208) 852-0880 performance antennas. Yagis and Delta Loops. Linear Loaded e-mail: <tpllrs@comcast.net>.
30 and 40m Arrays. OWA Arrays, bespoke individual design
POLYESTER ROPE: excellent for antenna support and solutions. Antenna related hardware. We ship worldwide TELEGRAPH KEY INFORMATION AND HISTORY MUSE-
guying. Go to <www.audiotronics.us>. including North America. <www.vortexantennas.co.uk/>. or by UM: <http://w1tp.com>
e-mail to <enquiries@vortexantennas.co.uk>.
“QRZ DX”—since 1979: Available as an Adobe PDF file each HAM RADIO GIFTS: <www.mainestore.com>
Wednesday or by regular mail. Your best source for weekly WANTED: HAM EQUIPMENT AND RELATED ITEMS. Donate
DX information. Send #10 SASE for sample/rates. “The DX your excess gear—new, old, in any condition—to the Radio Club FT243 AND HC6U CRYSTALS: www.af4k.com
Magazine”—since 1989: Bi-monthly – Full of DXpedition of Junior High School 22, the Nation’s only full time non-profit
reports, QSL Information, Awards, DX news, technical articles, ROTATING GUYED TOWERS AND ORBITAL RING
organization working to get Ham Radio into schools around the
and more. Send $3.00 for sample/rates. DX Publishing, Inc., ROTORS: Rotating bases, Rotating guy rings, Orbital ring
country as a teaching tool using our EDUCOM—Education Thru
P.O. Box DX, Leicester, NC 28748-0249. Phone/Fax: 828-683- rotors. For 45G, 55G, or Custom. Learn more and request free
Communication—program. Send your radio to school. Your
0709; e-mail: <DX@dxpub. com>; <http://www.dxpub.com>. PDF catalog at www.SuperBertha.com or call 814-881-
donated material will be picked up ANYWHERE or shipping
9258.CHECK SPOTS; log contacts; manage QSLs, LoTW with
arranged, and this means a tax deduction to the full extent of
At www.HamRadioExpress.com we know you can’t afford to DXtreme Station Log: <http://www.dxtreme.com/>.
the law for you as we are an IRS 501(c)(3) charity in our 33rd
waste time looking for Ham Radio Antennas & Accessories. year of service. It is always easier to donate and usually more
With over 3,000 products in our four warehouses, you can OLD QSLs Available. 50’s and 60’s, DX and USA. Specify
financially rewarding, BUT MOST IMPORTANT your gift will call, send SASE. W5SQA@arrl.net
rely on Ham Radio Express to have the parts you need, in mean a whole new world of educational opportunity for children
stock, especially those special, hard-to-find parts, fixed station nationwide. Radios you can write off; kids you can’t. Make 2014
antennas, baluns, mobile antennas, mobile antenna mounts, RFI Filters <www.RFchoke.com>
the year to help a child and yourself. Write, phone, or FAX the
accessories, and RF connectors. Custom Built Cable WB2JKJ “22 Crew” today: The RC of JHS 22, P.O. Box 1052, SOTA BEAMS: <http://www.sotabeams.co.uk>. G3CW
Assemblies for your Packet TNC/KPC to radio interface New York, NY 10002. Twenty-four hours call 516-674-4072; fax
devices. We stock interface cables for all amateur radio makes 516-674-9600; or e-mail <crew@wb2jkj.org>. Join us on the CRANK-A-WATT Power & More via KE5NYS. Visit <www.
and models: AEA, Kantronics, MFJ, PacComm, and more WB2JKJ Classroom Net, 7.238 MHz, 1200–1330 UTC daily and FactorReady.com>
Packet Controllers. All cables are in stock or can be built in 21.395 MHz from 1400 to 2000 UTC.
one day. All cable assemblies are double-checked before they HAM RADIO CLUB WEBSITES & NEWSLETTERS: Domain
are shipped. Toll-Free Order Lines: M–F 9 AM to 4 PM: 1-800- “World of Keys – Keys III” book features highly detailed views names, websites, email, newsletters, logos and club market-
726-2919 or 1-866-300-1969; Fax 1-434-525-4919. Help and and photos of keys, bugs, and paddles like few people have ing aids. Newsletters customized for your club. So affordable
Tech Support: Not sure what model you need? At ever seen ($18)!. Also still available, “Keys II” ($16) and “QRP any size club can now have a professional newsletter.
www.HamRadioExpress.com our Technical Support staff (1- Romps!” ($18), plus “Your Guide to HF Fun” ($16). Available http://www.HamRadioWebsites.Net (503-717-3484)
434-632-7028, 9 AM to 4 PM weekdays) can help you decide from dealers nationwide.
what you need, and all available for same-day shipment. On- FMTV ARTICLES: Comprehensive transmitter and receiver
line visit: www.HamRadioExpress.com PACKET RADIO AND MORE! Join TAPR, connect with the deviation calibration, standards, intermodulation, power ampli-
largest amateur radio digital group in the U.S. Creators of the fier calculations. WB9OQM, http://mathison.freeshell.org
REAL HAMS DO CODE: Move up to CW with CW Mental TNC-2 standard, working on Software Defined Radio technol-
Block Buster III. Succeed with hypnosis and NLP. Includes ogy. Benefits: newsletter, software, discounts on kits and pub- Wanna ham in the CAYMAN ISLANDS?” Go to <www.
two (2) CDs and Manual. Only $29.95 plus $7.00 s/h US. FL lications. For membership prices see the TAPR website: martykaiser.com/24a.htm>.
add $2.14 tax. Success Easy, 568 SE Maple Terrace, Port St. <http://www.tapr.org>).
Lucie, FL 34983, phone 561-302-7731, <www.success-is- HF Mobile or Fixed Virtual X Antenna Patent: For Sale or
easy.com>. www.isotronantennas.com FOR HF. CHECK IT OUT! Call: License. Request Free Power Point Presentation file. Shows
719-687-0650; <wd0eja@isotronantennas. com> design details, pictures, prototype tests. Design applies to a
TWO NEW NOVELS involving ham radio: Full Circle, and broad frequency range for mant antenna arrays/beams/verti-
Frozen in Time, by N4XX. Visit <http://www.theodore-cohen- SMART BATTERY CHARGERS: 5A model for larger deep cals. <lgslay@sbcglobal.net>. Larry Slay, K5WUL
novels.com/>. cycle down to 1/4A model for smaller QRP lead acid batteries.
<www.a-aengineering.com> WANTED: Good 8236 Pentode Electron Tubes for my trans-
QSLing SUPPLIES. e-mail: <plumdx@msn.com>.
mitter. What price each do you need and how many can I order?
HONDURAS DX VACATION: K3, Alpha 86, SteppIR, Meals, Dave at 281-781-5955 or <fullerphone7150@yahoo.com>.
CASH FOR COLLINS, HALLICRAFTERS SX-88, & DRAKE Private Facilities. HR2J, (206) 259-9688.
TR-6. Buy any Collins equipment. Leo, KJ6HI, phone/fax 310-
FOR SALE: Samlex Power Supply Model SEC 1223, 13.8V
670-6969, e-mail: <radioleo@earthlink.net>. HY POWER ANTENNA COMPANY <http://www. freewebs. @ 25 amps. Not working. Includes operating manual and
com/hypower> Multiband dipoles, delta loops, half squares schematic. Price $50 or best offer. Contact Harry, W9HRQ, at
www.SecondHandRadio.com and QRP antennas. <harrygraziano@gmail.com> or phone 1-773-334-4492.
MicroLog by WAØH NEW AMATEUR RADIO MAP with DXCC list updates. Full
4 land electronics dealership for sale. serious enquiries only
Free download . . . www.wa0h.com color 22 x 34" – $10. Free shipping on club orders.
<electronicsdealer73@gmail.com>
http://www.hamradiomap.qth.com/
OVERSEAS AIRMAIL POSTAGE plus complete line of airmail YAESU FT-840, has FM-747 FM unit, YF-112A 6 kHz AM fil-
envelopes. Order directly from our website. James E. Mackey, COLLINS . . . Owners of Collins 30S-1 amplifiers. Very rare.
ter and manual. Problem with main tuning, otherwise good
proprietor. website: <www.airmailpostage. com> K201, K202, and K203 relays now available. Newly manufac-
$150. FC-800 1.8-30 MHz 150W remote ATU for FT-840 or
tured – not NOS. We ship overseas. More info on
FT-890. wotking with cables and manual, $125. Shipping
TOWER ACCESSORIES Gin Pole Kits – stand off brackets – www.collinsradioactive.com
additinal. KB2DMD, (215) 541-1099.
antenna mounts – vehicle radio mounts – for 30 years. IIX
Equipment Ltd., 708-337-8172, <http://www.w9iix.com/>. YAGIS DESIGNED BY WA3FET/K3LR: Bust pileups using
these proven DX and Contest winning “Ultimate OWA Yagis”! Lee Shaklee W6BH (Shaklee products) passed away in 2013.
HOMEBREW! “Recollections of a Radio Receiver” a 565 page Learn more and request free PDF catalog at www. His 20 acre RADIO RANCH mountain top remote operation
book on HBR homebrew receivers. $10 delivered (eBook on SuperBertha.com or call 814-881-9258. located in southern California is for sale. Contact Ted Halter
CD-ROM). Details <www.w6hht.com> at (951) 316-6777 for further information.
<http://www.vintagehamshack.com>
WANTED: VACUUM TUBES – Commercial, industrial, ama- ANTENNA & TOWER HARDWARE: Aluminum plates:Boom
teur. Radio Daze, LLC, 7620 Omnitech Place, Victor, NY 14506 FREE 2-meter Repeater Frequencies for Travelers by Western to elements, boom to mast, GP/ Vertical antennaground plates,
USA (phone 585-742-2020; fax 800-456-6494; e-mail: Trucker: USREPEATERS.ORG Rohn 25/45 to cross arms plates, Hexabeam / spiderbeam
<info@radiodaze.com>). Hubs, Moxon hubs, U bolts with sadles. All info at: e78WW@
QRP KITS: <www.breadboardradio.com> yahoo.com or at e-bay store:: stores.ebay.com/yz4izØ
ARMS – Amateur Radio Missionary Net. Christian Fellowship
Net, Everyone Welcome. 14.3075 Daily except Sunday NEED ROPE? All kinds,types, including: antenna rope, GET THE F.C.C. “COMMERCIAL” RADIOTELEPHONE
1500–1700Z, –1 Hr DST. Website: www.qsl.net/arms hauling, gin. FREE, free consultation, Go to <http://www. LICENSE! Fast, inexpensive home study course. Command
davisropeandcable.com/>. Veteran owned, K1PEK, 978- Productions. www.LicenseTraining.com. Free info: (800)
www.oldqslcards.com 369-1738. 932-4268.

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KJI Electronics..................................61 www.kjielectronics.com

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Main Trading Company. ...................55 www.MTCradio.com 3%/ /L,21 EDWWHU\ YP$K
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QCWA ..............................................83 www.qcwa.org %7KFHOO $$%DWWHU\&DVH+L:

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RT Systems.................................29,37 www.rtsystems.com 3%[ 1L0+EDWWHU\ YP$K
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REACT Int’l.......................................95 www.REACTintl.org 3%[ /RQJ/LIH 1L0+EDWWYP$K
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ROHN Products LLC ........................59 www.rohnnet.com 3%K1L0+EDWWHU\YP$K
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Yaesu Celebrates Its 60th Anniversary from 1956 to 2016,
Reaffirming Our Commitment to Achieving
Superiority and Excellence in Performance.
Yaesu is a unique company making innovative communications equipment.

Our Founder’s vision of pursuing excellence and excitement in our products
has been our goal for 60 years, and we constantly endeavor to achieve this
goal through the passion, enthusiasm and diligence of all of our employees.
Yaesu will continue to achieve new milestones in the coming decade through
unique design, innovation, and hard work, while never forgetting
the needs of our customers.
We firmly believe that these efforts will ensure that our

technologies and products not only appeal to the minds, but also the hearts
of our customers.
nn i ve r sar y
60th A
60thAnniversary

CQ Amateur Radio - July 2016

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CQ Amateur Radio - July 2016

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Customer Support: (310) 639-4200

“The FLEX-6000 Series, in combination with Maestro, is simply the

- Craig Thompson, K9CT

(Continued on page 36)

ham radio news

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T issue itself — covering a variety of topics that are

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The SARK-110 Antenna Analyzer is quite

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Special Event Experience

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outside the Pluto Discovery Dome. The

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8.5 X 11 Paperback $19.95 8.5 X 11 Paperback $19.95 8.5 X 11 Paperback $19.95

With a high number of aging “boomers” in our ranks, age-related hearing

A Yagi for Your Ears

Photo A. Meet Gary Huber, AB9M. (Photos by the author,

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Let’s Delve Further Inside

Photo C. AB9M’s Siemens easyTek hangs around his neck,

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Rig and Hearing Aid Interface

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by Bill Orr, W6SAI

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฀ ฀ Tom Jose, VU2TO, demonstrates a VHF transceiver to a group of children

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Shipping & Handling: U.S. add $7 for the first item,

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It’s not only my first RTTY contest but also my first

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Multi-Single Low Power (51)

2016 CQWW WPX RTTY TOP WORLD SCORES

SINGLE OPERATOR *ES5Q (ES5RY) .................1,482,226 YO8WW ..................................70,328 14 MHz 14 MHz

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2016 CQWW WPX RTTY TOP UNITED STATES SCORES

SINGLE OPERATOR *W3KB...............................1,038,048 21 MHz ROOKIE 14 MHz

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2016 CQWW WPX RTTY CLUB SCORES

United States Club # Entrants Score

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most popular award programs in amateur radio, growing from

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Photo D. CQWW DX Contest Director Randy Thompson,

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Results, 2016 CQ WW 160 Meter

The DXCC ³Odd Couple´

HF for several hours before we needed $1+: $5: