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    Parasitology: Course 1

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    ana
    This document provides an overview of parasitology, the science that analyzes relationships between parasites and their hosts. It defines key terms like host, parasite, and parasitic life cycle. It describes how parasites are classified based on factors like the type of host, location in the host, and length of stay. It also examines the characteristics of parasitic lifestyles and the morphological adaptations and influences parasites can have on their hosts, including plundering, mechanical, toxic, irritative, inflammatory, and allergic actions. Finally, it discusses entry pathways, ways parasites are eliminated, population receptivity, and the objectives and phases of eradicating parasitic diseases.

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    Parasitology: Course 1

    Uploaded by

    ana
    19 views57 pages
    This document provides an overview of parasitology, the science that analyzes relationships between parasites and their hosts. It defines key terms like host, parasite, and parasitic life cycle. It describes how parasites are classified based on factors like the type of host, location in the host, and length of stay. It also examines the characteristics of parasitic lifestyles and the morphological adaptations and influences parasites can have on their hosts, including plundering, mechanical, toxic, irritative, inflammatory, and allergic actions. Finally, it discusses entry pathways, ways parasites are eliminated, population receptivity, and the objectives and phases of eradicating parasitic diseases.

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    This document provides an overview of parasitology, the science that analyzes relationships between parasites and their hosts. It defines key terms like host, parasite, and parasitic life cycle. It describes how parasites are classified based on factors like the type of host, location in the host, and length of stay. It also examines the characteristics of parasitic lifestyles and the morphological adaptations and influences parasites can have on their hosts, including plundering, mechanical, toxic, irritative, inflammatory, and allergic actions. Finally, it discusses entry pathways, ways parasites are eliminated, population receptivity, and the objectives and phases of eradicating parasitic diseases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views57 pages

    Parasitology: Course 1

    Uploaded by

    ana
    This document provides an overview of parasitology, the science that analyzes relationships between parasites and their hosts. It defines key terms like host, parasite, and parasitic life cycle. It describes how parasites are classified based on factors like the type of host, location in the host, and length of stay. It also examines the characteristics of parasitic lifestyles and the morphological adaptations and influences parasites can have on their hosts, including plundering, mechanical, toxic, irritative, inflammatory, and allergic actions. Finally, it discusses entry pathways, ways parasites are eliminated, population receptivity, and the objectives and phases of eradicating parasitic diseases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 57

    PARASITOLOGY

    Course 1
    Parasitology

    • science that analyses the relationships


    between parasites and their hosts,
    studying the phenomena that result from
    these relationships
    Parasitism
    • biological association that requires
    two factors
    • host - organism that provides food
    and shelter
    • parasite - organism that uses the
    conditions offered by the host
    Parasites

    • several systematic categories


    • dimensions and structures that can
    widely vary
    • pathogens that can affect the health
    of humans and animals
    Parasitology
    • Protozoology

    • Helminthology

    • Medical entomology
    Host

    • the organism on whose account the


    parasite lives
    • Definitive host- sexual form of the
    parasite
    • Intermediate host- the intermediate
    (larval) or asexual form of the parasite
    in its biological cycle
    Definitive host
    Intermediate host
    Parasitic life cycle

    represents the stages that the parasite


    undergoes through in its evolution

    series of changes in form that an


    organism undergoes, returning to the
    starting state
    One definitive host
    Several definitive hosts
    One intermediate host
    Several intermediate hosts
    Definitive host= Intermediate host
    Parasite

    • organism that can live on the surface


    or inside another organism, of a
    different species (host), and derive
    the necessary nourishment from the
    host
    Classification
    by the nature of the host

    • Human parasites
    • Parasites of animals
    • Parasites of plants
    • Parasites common to humans and
    animals
    Classification

    • Protozoa
    • Helminths
    • Arthropods
    Classification
    by the effect on the host

    • commensal (saprophytic)

    • conditionally pathogenic

    • Opportunistic

    • Pathogenic
    Classification
    by the parasite localization in/ on the host

    • ectoparasites

    • endoparasites - cavitary

    - tissue

    - intracellular
    Classification
    by the length of stay

    • temporary

    • permanent
    The characteristics of the parasitic
    lifestyle
    • host - mandatory condition for the existence
    of parasites
    • Living with the host
    • Feed on living hosts
    • Parasite - adaptation to the host
    - leads to unfavorable effects on
    host
    Morphological adaptations of the
    parasite
    Body shape
    Morphological adaptations of the
    parasite
    Size
    Morphological adaptations of the
    parasite
    Internal and attaching organs
    Progressive change
    - hypertrophy -
    Morphological adaptations of the
    parasite
    Internal and attaching organs
    Progressive change
    - neoformation -
    Morphological adaptations of the
    parasite
    Internal and attaching organs
    Progressive change
    - atrophy -
    Morphological adaptations of the
    parasite
    Internal and attaching organs
    Progressive change
    - disappearance -
    The influence of parasite on the host

    Plundering action
    The influence of parasite on the host

    Mechanical action
    - obstruction -
    The influence of parasite on the host

    Mechanical action
    - Tissue or organ compression -
    The influence of parasite on the host

    Mechanical action
    - Trauma and perforation-
    The influence of parasite on the host

    Mechanical action
    - local -
    The influence of parasite on the host

    Toxic action
    - general -

    • Diphyllobothrium latum - hemolytic toxin


    • Ascaris lumbricoides - “ascaron” toxin
    • Dermacentor andersoni – paralysing toxin
    The influence of parasite on the host
    Irritative action
    - reflex -

    • irritation of the intestinal mucosa


    • irritation of the bile duct epithelium
    • Chronic irritation of the skin and nasal/sinus mucosa
    The influence of parasite on the host
    Inflammatory action
    • Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis -
    appendicitis
    • Trichinella spiralis larvae - encystation
    The influence of parasite on the host

    Allergic reaction

    • rupture of the hydatid cyst


    The influence of parasite on the host

    Bacterial action
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Passive way

    • air
    • water
    • food
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Active way
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Consumption of the intermediate host


    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Vectors
    - contamination -
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Vectors
    - inoculation -
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Blood transfusion
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Autoinfection

    • Exogenous
    • Endogenous
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Sexual
    Entry pathways used by the parasite

    Congenital
    Ways of eliminating the parasite
    Stool
    Ways of eliminating the parasite

    Saliva and Flügge's droplets


    Vomica
    Sputum
    Urine
    Vaginal and urethral secretion
    Ways of eliminating the parasite

    cutaneous
    Ways of eliminating the parasite

    detachment from the host's body


    Ways of eliminating the parasite

    through vectors
    Population receptivity

    • Population receptivity- mass of


    individuals who, under certain living
    and environmental conditions,
    following the aggression of a pathogen,
    become ill
    Population receptivity
    • Sex of the host
    • Age
    • Occupation
    • Eating style
    • Habits and traditions
    • The immune status of the host
    • Vaccinations and chemoprophylaxis
    Eradication of parasitic diseases
    Definition

    actions applied to the links of the


    epidemiological chain of a parasite, aiming at
    the complete and definitive disappearance of
    the cases of disease produced or transmitted
    by the parasite in the territory where these
    measures were taken
    Eradication of parasitic diseases

    Purpose

    successfully reducing the number of cases of


    the disease to a level where it ceases to be a
    public or economic health problem
    Eradication of parasitic diseases

    Objective

    reducing the parasitic population until


    discontinuing the parasite life cycle
    Eradication of parasitic diseases

    Eradication program

    • preparatory phase
    • attack phase
    • consolidation phase
    • maintenance phase

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