Segundo Año de Escolaridad

49
 SEGUNDO AÑO DE SECUNDARIA COMUNITARIA PRODUCTIVA
LENGUA EXTRANJERA

CONTENIDOS

Potencialidades productivas del país

- Oral and written expression. - Oral and written expression “Making

- Can for abilities my dress”.
- The present simple (I do/do not) - Present continuous
- The weather - The Clothes / adjectives
- Comparative Adjectives

CAPACIDADES A DESARROLLAR

- Identifica los verbos en tiempo presente de acuerdo a las reglas gramaticales del idioma extranjero
que le permiten distinguir el significado de un tipo de discurso.
- Reconoce las palabras y frases correspondientes al clima de acuerdo a la lectura de textos sobre un
lugar o región del país.
- Resalta las expresiones y manifestaciones culturales de la población describiendo las prendas de
vestir y otros objetos.
- Abstrae los elementos necesarios de un texto para la construcción de oraciones afirmativas, negativas
o interrogativas.

50
 PRODUCTIVE POTENTIALITIES OF THE COUNTRY
CAN FOR ABILITIES

¡ Iniciemos desde la práctica !

1. Read the story. Lee el cuento.

Ali and the magic carpet Stories of British council,

2017
One very hot day Ali finds a carpet in his uncle‟s shop.

Suddenly the carpet jumps! It moves and flies off into the air.

A loud booming voice comes from the carpet.

First they fly high up into the sky and then they land in a jungle.
It is hot and wet and it‟s raining.

Then they fly to the desert. It is very, very hot and dry.

After that they fly to the South Pole. There is lots of ice and snow.
It‟s freezing.

„In the mountains. Can you see me?‟

Finally, they fly back home.

The carpet lands in the shop and Ali gets off.

2. Underline the right answers. Subraya las respuestas correctas.

1) Is the carpet magic? 3) Can the magic partet talk?

a. No, it isn´t. a. Yes, it can.
b. Yes, it is. b. No, it can‟t.

2) Are they flying to the Nort Pole? 4) Where did Ali find the carpet?
a. Yes, they are. a. In his uncle‟s shop.
b. No, they aren‟t. b. At the supermarket.

5) What can the carpet do?

a. Fly.
b. Cook.

51
 3. Match the words to the pictures. Empareja las palabras con los gráficos.

3. Shout
Match the
Polewords to the pictures. Empareja las palabras con los gráficos.

Shout Pole
Jungle

Jungle
Magic Carpet

Magic Carpet

¡ Continuemos con la teoría !

4. Analyze the use of CAN for ability. Analiza el uso de CAN (poder) para habilidades.
CAN / CAN’T
AFFIRMATIVE
4. Analyze the use of CAN for ability. Analiza elYES/NO
NEGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS
uso de CAN (poder) para habilidades.
QUESTIONS
I can cook CAN / CAN’T
I can not / can‟t cook Can I cook? Yes, you can / No, you
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE YES/NO SHORT ANSWERS
cant.
You can dance You can not / can‟t Can QUESTIONS
you dance? Yes, I can / No I can‟t
I can cook I can not / can‟t cook
dance Can I cook? Yes, you can / No, you
He can play He can not / can‟t play Can he play? cant. he can / No he
Yes,
You can dance You can not / can‟t Can you dance? Yes,
can‟t.I can / No I can‟t
She can swim dancecan not / can‟t
She Can she swim? Yes, she can / No, she
He can play He can not / can‟t play
swim Can he play? Yes, he can / No he
can‟t.
It can run It can not / can‟t run Can it run? can‟t.It can / No It can‟t.
Yes,
She can
We can sing
swim She can
We cannotnot / sing
/ can‟t can‟t she sing?
Can we swim? Yes, she
we can // No,No she
we
swim can‟t.
It cancan
They runwalk It can not
They can/ can‟t
not /runcan‟t it run?
Can they walk? Yes, It cancan
they / No/ No
It can‟t.
they
We can sing We can not / can‟t sing
walk Can we sing? Yes, we can / No we
can‟t.
can‟t.
They can walk They can not / can‟t Can they walk? Yes, they can / No they
walk can‟t.

52
 Examples:

What can you do?

And what can’t you do?

I can run, but I can‟t fly.

What can you do?

And what can’t you do?

I can swim, but I can‟t sing.

5. Look and read these verbs. Observa y lee estos verbos.

53
 6. Complete the sentences according to the pictures. Completa las oraciones de acuerdo las
imágenes.

7. Look at the pictures and write short answers. Mira las imágenes y escribe respuestas cortas.

54
8. Choose the right option. Selecciona la opción correcta.

THE SIMPLE PRESENT

The present simple is a verb tense equivalent to the present indicative of Spanish verbs:
I sing, you sing, he sings, etc.
(El present simple es un tiempo verbal equivalente al presente de indicativo de los
verbos en español: yo canto, tú cantas, él canta, etc.)

EXAMPLE::

I live in that house.

(yo) Vivo en esa casa.

9. The present simple – Structure. La estructura del presente simple.

Affirmative form. Forma afirmativa.

In affirmative sentences, the same verb form is maintained with all

pronouns, except for he, she and it.
(En las oraciones afirmativas se mantiene la misma forma del verbo con
todos los pronombres, a excepción de el, ella, esto, esta. (he, she e it.)

55
 SUBJECT VERB EXAMPLES
I work in a Factory
I
(yo) Trabajo en una fábrica
WORK
You work in a Factory
You
(tú) Trabajas en una fábrica
He works in a Factory
He
(Él) Trabaja en una fábrica
She works in a Factory
She WORKS
(Ella) Trabaja en una fábrica
It works
It
Funciona
We work in a Factory
We
(Nosotros) Trabajamos en una fábrica
You work in a Factory
You WORK
(Ustedes) Trabajan en una fábrica
They They work in a Factory
(Ellos) Trabajan en una fábrica

EXAMPLES:
I work in an office.
(Trabajo en una oficina)

She works in a factory.

(Ella trabaja en una fábrica)

As we can see, to the verb of the third person singular (he / she / it) an -s or -es is added
depending on its ending:
(Como podemos ver, al verbo de la tercera persona del singular el, ella, esto, esta (he/she/it) se
le añade una -s o -es dependiendo de su terminación:)

RULES FOR THE 3RD PERSON SINGULAR (HE / SHE / IT)

In general + s Verbs ending in Verbs ending in –o sh,
consonant + y y+ies ch, x, ss +es
work – works study – studies go – goes
eat – eats cry – cries wash – washes
play – plays try – tries watch – watches
swim – swims spy – spies mix – mixes
write – writes fly – flies kiss – kisses

56
 EXAMPLES:

She washes. He cries. She buys.

(Ella lava) (El llora) (Ella compra)

Negative form. Forma negativa.

In negative sentences we add the auxiliary verb do followed by the negation (not) between the subject
and the main verb, although for he, she and it the form does will be used followed by the negation (not).

(En las oraciones negativas añadimos el verbo auxiliar do seguido de la negación (not) entre el sujeto y
el verbo principal, aunque para el, ella, esto ,esta (he, she, it) se utilizará el auxiliar does seguido de la
negación not.)

Examples:

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB EXAMPLES

I don’t work in a Factory
I
Do not (yo) No trabajo en una fábrica
WORK
Don‟t You don’t work in a Factory
You
(tú) No trabajas en una fábrica
He doesn’t works in a Factory
He
(Él) No trabaja en una fábrica
Does not She doesn’t works in a Factory
She WORK
Doesn‟t (Ella) trabaja en una fábrica
It doesn’t works
It
No Funciona
We don’t work in a Factory
We
(Nosotros) No Trabajamos en una fábrica
Do not You don’t work in a Factory
You WORK
Don‟t (Ustedes) No Trabajan en una fábrica
They don’t work in a Factory
They
(Ellos) No Trabajan en una fábrica

57
 It is more common to use the contraction form don't and doesn't than do not and does not.
Es más común utilizar la forma contraída don't y doesn't que do not y does not.

Notice that the 3rd person singular of the negative form does not add any -s at the end of
the verb since this has been added with the does form in the auxiliary. The same happens in
the case of interrogatives, as we will see below.
Fijémonos en que a la 3ª persona del singular de la forma negativa no se le añade
ninguna -s al final del verbo ya que esta ha sido añadida con la forma does en el auxiliar.
Lo mismo ocurre en el caso de las interrogativas, como veremos a continuación.

EXAMPLES:

I don’t work in a bank. He doesn’t work in the market.

(No trabajo en un banco) (Él no trabaja en el mercado)

They don’t work today.

(Ellos no trabajan hoy)

Interrogative form. Forma interrogativa.

In interrogative sentences the auxiliary verb do or does is placed at the beginning of the
sentence followed by the subject, the main verb and in some cases a complement is added.
(En las oraciones interrogativas el verbo auxiliar do o does se coloca al inicio de la oración
seguido del sujeto, del verbo principal y en algunos casos se añade un complemento.)

Examples: yes/no question. Ejemplos de preguntas cortas.

AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB EXAMPLES

Do I work in a Factory?
I
¿Trabajo en una fábrica?
Do WORK?
Do You work in a Factory?
You
¿Trabajas en una fábrica?
Does He work in a Factory?
He WORK?
¿Trabaja en una fábrica?

58
 Does Does She work in a Factory?
She
¿Trabaja en una fábrica?
Does It work?
It
¿Funciona?
Do We work in a Factory?
We
¿Trabajamos en una fábrica?
Do You work in a Factory?
Do You WORK?
¿Trabajan en una fábrica?
Do They work in a Factory?
They
¿Trabajan en una fábrica?

Short Answer. Respuestas cortas.

ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY

I I
do don't
YOU YOU

HE HE

SHE does SHE doesn't

Yes, No,
IT IT

WE WE

YOU do YOU don't

THEY THEY

EXAMPLES:

Does he fly in a plane? No, he doesn’t.

Do you work in an office? Yes, I do.
(tu) ¿Trabajas en una oficina? Sí. (él) ¿Vuela en un avión?No.

59
 Like the verbs to be and have got, present simple interrogative sentences also have their
Like the verbs to be and have got,own short
present answers.
simple interrogative sentences also have their
own short answers.
Al igual que los verbos ser, estar y tener, las oraciones interrogativas en presente simple
Like the verbs to be and have got, present simple interrogative sentences also have their
también
Al igual que los verbos ser,cuentan
estar yowncon sus
tener, laspropias respuestas cortas.
oraciones
short answers. interrogativas en presente simple
también cuentan con sus propias respuestas cortas.
Al igual que los verbos ser, estar y tener, las oraciones interrogativas en presente simple
también cuentan con sus propias respuestas cortas.

¡ Realicemos la valoración !

10. Write: What you can do? Escribe: ¿Qué puedes hacer?
10. Write: What you can do? Escribe: ¿Qué puedes hacer?
I can …………………………………………………………………………………………………
I can …………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. IWrite:
can‟t………………………………………………………………………………………………..
What you can do? Escribe: ¿Qué puedes hacer?
I can‟t………………………………………………………………………………………………..
I can …………………………………………………………………………………………………
I can‟t………………………………………………………………………………………………..

¡ Es hora de la producción !
11. Write and practice a conversation. Escribe y practica una conversación.
11. Write and practice a conversation. Escribe y practica una conversación.

11. Write and practice a conversation. Escribe y practica una conversación.

Emmita, can you go to the
Sorry, I can‟t. I‟m very busy
cinema oncan
Emmita, Friday
youafternoon?
go to the on Fridays.
Sorry, I can‟t. I‟m very busy
cinema on Friday afternoon?
on Fridays.
Emmita, can you go to the
Sorry, I can‟t. I‟m very busy
cinema on Friday afternoon?
on Fridays.

Great!
Great!

Why don‟t we go on Great!

Saturday
Why don‟tafternoon?
we go on
Saturday afternoon?
Why don‟t we go on
Saturday afternoon?

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 THE WEATHER

¡ Iniciemos desde la práctica !

1. Read and practice about the weather in Bolivia. Lee y practica sobre el clima en Bolivia.

METEOROLOGY

CLOUDY Weather forecast for this

Friday in your city. With
SUNNY data from SENAMHI
SNOWY Bolivia “Tarija is
drizzly”.
SUNNY

SNOWY
SUNNY

RAINY
SNOWY
DRIZZLY

2. Look and complete with the words in the box. Mira y completa con las palabras del cuadro.
RAINY SUNNY STORMY CLOUDY

It‟s………………… It‟s…………………

It‟s………………… It‟s…………………

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 ¡ Continuemos con la teoría !

3. Read the vocabulary about the weather forecast. Lee el vocabulario sobre el clima.
NOUN ADJECTIVE SIGNIFICADO DEL ADJETIVO
SUN SUNNY SOLEADO
RAIN RAINY LLUVIOSO
CLOUD CLOUDY NUBLADO
FOG FOGGY CON NIEBLA
STORM STORMY TORMENTOSO
WIND WINDY VENTOSO
SNOW SNOWY NEVOSO
ICE ICY CUBIERTO DE HIELO
4. Answer the questions. Responde las preguntas.
EXAMPLE:

1. Is it sunny today in 2. Is it cloudy? 3. What‟s the wheather like in

Cobija? - Yes, it is. Cobija?
- No, it isn‟t. - It‟s cloudy.

PRACTICE. Práctica.

b) What‟s the weather like in Montero? a) What‟s the weather like in Trinidad?
……………………………………… ………………………………………

c) Is it cloudy in Vallegrande?
………………………………………

62
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
5. The present continuous structure. La estructura del presente continuo.

The present continuous is a verb tense equivalent to the following Spanish

constructions: I am singing, you are singing, he is singing, etc.

El presente continuo es un tiempo verbal equivalente a las siguientes oraciones del

español: yo estoy cantando, tú estás cantando, él está cantando, etc.

EXAMPLE:

I am reading a book. They are dancing diablada.

(yo) Estoy leyendo ún libro. (ellos) Están bailando diablada.

In Spanish, these sentences are formed with the verb to be followed by the main verb in the
gerund. In English, the structure is exactly the same.

En español dichas oraciones se forman con el verbo ser o estar seguido del verbo principal
en gerundio. En inglés, la estructura es exactamente la misma.

To form the gerund, we must add the final ending -ing to

the infinitive form of the verb. However, the result may be
different depending on the stem of the verb.

Para formar el gerundio, debemos añadir la terminación

final -ing a la forma infinitiva del verbo. Sin embargo, el
resultado puede ser distinto según la raíz del verbo.

63
 Affirmative form. Forma afirmativa.

In affirmative sentences, the present continuous is formed by

placing the verb to be after the pronoun and adding the main verb
with the final ending -ing.

En las oraciones afirmativas, el presente continuo se forma

colocando el verbo ser o estar (to be) después del pronombre y
añadiendo el verbo principal con la terminación -ing al final.

64
SUBJECT TO BE VERB EXAMPLES
I am sleeping on the sofa
I am
(yo) Estoy durmiendo en el sofá
You are sleeping on the sofa
You are
(tú) Estás durmiendo en el sofá
He is sleeping on the sofa
He
sleeping (Él) Está durmiendo en el sofá
She is sleeping on the sofa
She is
(Ella) Está durmiendo en el sofá
It is sleeping on the sofa
It
Está durmiendo en el sofá
We are sleeping on the sofa
We
(Nosotros) Estamos durmiendo en el sofá
You are sleeping on the sofa
You are
(Ustedes) Están durmiendo en el sofá
They are sleeping on the sofa
They
(Ellos) Están durmiendo en el sofá

Negative form. Forma negativa.

In negative sentences, the negation (not) is simply add to the

verb to be, preserving the rest of the structure.

(En las oraciones negativas simplemente se añade la negación

(not) al verbo ser o estar, conservando el resto de la estructura.)

SUBJECT TO BE VERB EXAMPLES

am not I am not sleeping on the sofa
I
„m not (yo) No estoy durmiendo en el sofá
are not You are not sleeping on the sofa
You
aren‟t (tú) No estás durmiendo en el sofá
is not He is not sleeping on the sofa
He
isn‟t (Él) No está durmiendo en el sofá
is not She is not sleeping on the sofa
She
isn‟t sleeping (Ella) No está durmiendo en el sofá
is not It is not sleeping on the sofa
It
isn‟t No está durmiendo en el sofá
are not We are not sleeping on the sofa
We
aren‟t (Nosotros)No estamos durmiendo en el sofá
are not You are not sleeping on the sofa
You
aren‟t (Ustedes) No están durmiendo en el sofá
are not They are not sleeping on the sofa
They
aren‟t (Ellos) No están durmiendo en el sofá

65
 Interrogative form. Forma interrogativa

In negative sentences, the negation (not) is simply added to the

verb to be, preserving the rest of the structure.

En las oraciones negativas simplemente se añade la negación

(not) al verbo ser o estar, conservando el resto de la estructura.

Examples: yes/no questions. Ejemplos: preguntas cortas.

TO BE SUBJECT VERB EXAMPLES

Am I sleeping on the sofa?
Am I
(yo) ¿Estoy durmiendo en el sofá?
Are You sleeping on the sofa?
Are you
(tú) ¿Estás durmiendo en el sofá?
Is He sleeping on the sofa?
Is he
(Él) ¿Está durmiendo en el sofá?
Is She sleeping on the sofa?
Is she
sleeping? (Ella) ¿Está durmiendo en el sofá?
Is It sleeping on the sofa?
Is it
¿Está durmiendo en el sofá?
Are We not sleeping on the sofa?
Are we
(Nosotros) ¿Estamos durmiendo en el sofá?
Are You sleeping on the sofa?
Are you
(Ustedes) ¿Están durmiendo en el sofá?
Are They sleeping on the sofa?
Are they
(Ellos) ¿Están durmiendo en el sofá?

Short Answers. Respuestas cortas.

ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY

I am. I am not.
you are. you are not.
he he
she is. she is not.
Yes, No,
it it
we we
you are. you are not.
they they

66
 EXAMPLES:

Are you watching a film? Yes, we are. Is she doing her homevork? No, she isn’t.
(vosotros/as) ¿Están viendo una pelicula? Si. (ella) ¿Está haciendo su tarea? No.

6. Complete the questions and answers, adding am, is, are to the questions and, am, is, are, or am
not, isn’t, aren’t to the short answers. Completa las preguntas y respuestas.

- ______________ it raining outside? No, it___________

- ______________ the children playing outside? Yes, they are___________

- ______________ you doing your homework now? Yes, I _____________

- ______________ your neighbours moving out? No, they _____________

- ______________ he helping you with your homework? Yes, he _____________

¡ Realicemos la valoración !

7. Ask your classmates: Pregunta a tus compañeras y compañeros.

What are you doing? _______________________________________

¡ Es hora de la producción !

8. Draw and write: What are you doing? Dibuja y escribe ¿Qué estás haciendo?

- I am ……………………………………….
…...…………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
…………………………………………….

67
 THE CLOTHES

¡ Iniciemos desde la práctica !

1. Look and talk about the typical clothes of Bolivia.

Observa y habla sobre los trajes típicos de Bolivia.
“Where to Buy Traditional Clothes in Bolivia”

A two-hour journey from the colonial city of Sucre, this bustling Sunday market is the area‟s
premier tourist attraction. Indigenous villagers flock here from all over the region to trade in
everyday goods, many of them dressed to impress in their most stunning traditional garb.
Because the market has become increasingly popular with tourists over the years, entrepreneurial
vendors have set up stalls on the main place to sell an array of spectacular clothing and textiles.
Although it may be a little more expensive than other places in Bolivia, the Tarabuco Market is a
worthwhile ethno-tourism attraction in and of itself.

a) Do you like traditional clothes from Tarabuco?

…………………………………………………………………

b) Why do tourists prefer traditional clothes?

…………………………………………………………………

68
¡ Continuemos con la teoría !

2. Vocabulary. Vocabulario.

3. Look and copy the words under de each picture. Observa y copia las palabras debajo de cada
gráfico.

69
 COMPARATIVES ADJECTIVES
4. The comparatives adjectives. Los adjetivos comparativos.

Comparative adjectives are used to compare a certain

characteristic or quality between two or more things, animals or
people.
Los adjetivos comparativos se utilizan para comparar una
determinada característica o cualidad entre dos o más cosas,
animales o personas. The mouse is smaller than owl.
El ratón es más pequeño que el
búho.
5. How are comparative adjectives constructed?

To build comparative structures you have to follow some rules:

(Para desarrollar la estructura del adjetivo comparativo hay que seguir unas reglas:)

6. Write the comparative to these adjectives: Escribe el comparativo de estos adjetivos.

EXPENSIVE
CHEAP
LONG
SHORT
OLD
NEW

ORAL AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

70
 7. Dialogue using the present simple tense. Dialoga utilizando el tiempo presente simple.

A: Hello friends. A: ……………………………………

B: Hello Alex. B: ……………………………………
A: Hi, Sebastian. What do you usually eat? A: ……………………………………
B: I usually eat bananas. B: ……………………………………

8. Read this article about “Climate in Bolivia” then write the correct word about climate in the
map. Lee el artículo “El clima en Bolivia” y escribe la palabra correcta en el mapa.

In Bolivia, there are distinct seasons; summer and winter, spring and autumn. However, the country‟s climate
can vary severely depending on altitude. It ranges from humid and tropical to cold and semiarid.

The Altiplano region (the highest region in Bolivia), including La Paz and Lake Titicaca, is typically cold
and considered to have a semi-arid climate.

East of the Altiplano lie the central highland valleys. The main cities in this region are Cochabamba, Sucre,
Tarija, and Potosi, which are considered to have the most comfortable climate in Bolivia. Temperatures are
pleasant during the day, usually between 62 and 80°F (17 and 27°C), with cool nights.

In the Yungas Valley and the eastern slopes of the Andean mountain range, the climate is considered to be
tropical or sub-tropical, warm, humid, and wet all year round.

The eastern lowlands cover about half of Bolivia and include anything that is north and east of the Bolivian
Andes. The region runs through Santa Cruz, Trinidad, Beni, and up through Pando. The climate here is wet
and tropical, with high humidity and heavy rainfall. Daytime temperatures can average more than 86° F for
most of the year.

How is the climate in Bolivia?

CLIMATE: Cold,
CLIMATE: Cold,
humid, sub-tropical,
humid, sub-tropical,
warm, rainfall, semiarid
warm, semiarid
and wet.and wet.

71
 9. Write and practice a conversation with your friend. Escribe y practica una conversación con tu
compañera o compañero .
Mary: How‟s
9. Write and practice a conversation theyour
with weather today?
friend. Escribe y practica una conversación con tu
compañera o compañero . Charles: It‟s all right. Not too warm, not too cold.
EXAMPLE:
Mary:
Mary: Do
How‟syouthe
think I needtoday?
weather a sweater?
Charles:
Charles: It‟s all right. Not too going
No, not if you‟re not warm,outnotfor
toolong.
cold.
EXAMPLE: Mary: Are you sure? I‟m pretty cold-blooded.
Mary: Do you think I need a sweater?
Charles:
Charles: Well,
No, notinifthat case,not
you‟re yougoing
mightout
bring a sweater along.
for long.
Mary: Are you sure? I‟m pretty cold-blooded.
Charles: Well, in that case, you might bring a sweater along.

¡ Realicemos la valoración !

10. Work in groups. Trabaja en grupos.

- inWhat
10. Work kindTrabaja
groups. of material is made of your clothes?
en grupos.
- Is it good for the environment?
- How
Whatwas
kindthe
of clothes
materialmade in the
is made past?clothes?
of your
- Is it good for the environment?
- How was the clothes made in the past?

¡ Es hora de la producción !
11. Draw pictures and describe the typical clothes from Bolivia.
Dibuja y describe los trajes típicos de Bolivia.
- pictures
11. Draw Hello and describe the typical clothes from Bolivia.
Dibuja
- Whoy describe los trajes típicos de Bolivia.
are they?
- Hello
- Where are they from?
- Who are they?
- What is she wearing?
- Where are they from?
- What is made of her shoes?
- What is she wearing?
- What is made of her shoes?

72