B.Tech FCE Practicals
B.Tech FCE Practicals
B.Tech FCE Practicals
Page
No. EXPERIMENTS Date Sign
No.
Plotting the Outlines Of Building By Chaining, Ranging &
1
Offsetting.
10 Site Visit
s t udent .
Experiment No 1
Title: Chain and cross staff survey.
Objective: Plotting the Outlines of Building by Chaining, Ranging & Offsetting.
Instruments: Chain or Tape, Arrows, Ranging rods, Cross staff, offset rods, Pegs, etc.
Theory:
Chain: It is composed of 100 or 150 pieces of galvanized mild steel wire, 4mm in diameter called links
.The ends of each link are bent into a loop and connected together by means of three oval rings. The
ends of the chain are provided with handles for dragging the chain on the ground, each wire with a
swivel joint so that the chain can be turned without twisting. The length of the chain is measured from
the outside of one handle to the outside of another handle. Metric chains are made in lengths 20m
and 30m. Tallies are fixed at every five-meter length and with brass rings at every meter length except
where tallies are attached.
Arrows:
Ranging rods:
Ranging rods are used to range some
intermediate points in the survey line.
The length of the ranging rod is either
2m or 3m. They have iron shoe at
bottom with a heavy iron point. Ranging
rods are divided into equal parts 0.2m
long and they are painted alternately
black and white or red and white or red,
white and black. When they are at
considerable distance, red and white or
white and yellow flags about 25 cm
square should be fastened at the top.
Fig. 1.3 RANGING ROD
Procedure:
Unfolding Chain:
1. Remove the strap of the folded chain and take both the handles in the left hand and hold the
remaining portion of the chain in the right hand.
2. Holding both the handles in the left hand, throw the remaining portion of the chain in the
forward direction on the ground.
3. Now the follower stands at the starting station by holding one handle and directs the leader to
move forward by holding the other handle until the chain is fully stretched.
Folding Chain:
1. Bring the two handles together on the ground by pulling the chain at the center.
2. Commencing from the center two pairs of links are taken at a time with the right hand and
placed alternatively in both directions in the left hand.
3. When the chain is completely folded the two brass handles will appear at the top.
4. Now tie the chain with strap.
Ranging:
1. Fix the ranging rods at the two given stations, where pegs are already driven on the ground.
2. The follower stands behind station A and directs the leader, with ranging rod to come in line
with AB by signals of ranging.
3. When the ranging rod comes in the line of AB the follower directs the leader to fix the ranging
rod in position.
4. Let the intermediate point be C which should be less than 20m / 30 m.
5. Now the leader taken another ranging rod and stands between A and B about 2/3 distance
from A
6. The follower directs the leader to come in line of AB by using signals of ranging.
7. As and when the point is located in the line of AB the follower instructs to fix the ranging rod
in position.
8. Let the other intermediate position be D which is less than 20 m / 30 m from B
9. Now A, B, C and D are in one line.
Offsetting:
1. Mark approximate point on the chain line or survey line of the object perpendicular to it.
2. Place offset rod vertically at point, mount the cross staff.
3. See ranging rod on survey line from one eye sight and at the same time from another eye
sight the object of offsetting.
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Questions
1. What is meant by location sketch?
2. What is Chaining and rainging?
3. Which are the methods of ranging?
4. Which are the types of chains?
5. What is offset?
6. Which are the types of offsets?
7. Which are the instruments used for setting out offsets?
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Experiment No 2
Title: Compass Survey.
Objective: Plotting Of Closed Traverse by Prismatic Compass.
Instruments: Prismatic compass, tripod and ranging rods.
9. Check whether the difference of ‘FB’ and ‘BB’ is 180º or not, at all stations.
10. Continue the same process all at other stations.
Observation Table:
Observed Remark
Obs. Bearing Included angle Corrected
Line Distance Difference
No.
F.B. B.B. Observed Corrected F.B B.B.
1. AB
2. BC
3. CD
4. DE
5. EA
Sum
Observation Table:
Observed Remark
Obs. Bearing Included angle Corrected
Line Distance Difference
No.
F.B. B.B. Observed Corrected F.B B.B.
1. AB
2. BC
3. CD
4. DE
5. EA
Sum
Questions
1. What is meant by bearing?
2. Which are the types of bearing?
3. Which are the bearing systems?
4. Explain components of Prismatic Compass.
5. What is local attraction?
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Experiment No 3
Title: Compass Survey.
Objective: Plotting Of Closed Traverse by Surveyor’s Compass.
Instruments: Surveyor’s compass, tripod and ranging rods.
Observation Table:
Observed Remark
Obs. Bearing Included angle Corrected
Line Distance Difference
No.
F.B. B.B. Observed Corrected F.B B.B.
1. AB
2. BC
3. CD
4. DE
5. EA
Sum
Questions
1. What is local attraction?
2. What is difference between Prismatic Compass and Surveyor’s Compass?
3. Which are the components of Surveyor’s Compass?
4. Which are the temporary adjustments in Surveyor’s Compass?
5. What is meant by reduced bearing?
6. What is meant by magnetic meridian?
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Experiment No 4
Title: Leveling
Objective: Reduction of levels by rise and fall method.
Instruments: Dumpy level, Staff etc
6. Repeat the above operations until the bubble remains in the center of its run in both the
positions.
7. Turn the telescope through 180º and check whether the bubble remains central.
Elimination of Parallax:
1. Remove the lid from the object glass.
2. Hold a sheet of white paper in front of the object glass.
3. Move the eyepiece in or out until the cross hairs are distinctly visible.
4. Direct the telescope towards the staff.
5. Turn the focusing screw until a clear and sharp image in formed in the plane of the cross hairs
Procedure:
1. Set the level at a convenient point.
2. Perform the temporary adjustments.
3. Hold the staff vertically over the Benchmark, Observe the staff reading and write in the B.S
column of the field book.
4. Hold the staff at other points and note the staff reading in the I.S column of the field book.
5. Hold the staff on the last point and enter the staff reading in the F.S column of the field book.
6. Make the change point, and repeat the process from point 1 to 5 for each change point (C.P.).
7. With each C.P. note first reading as B.S., rest all in I.S. and last in F.S
8. Find R.L. of all the points by both the methods.
9. Apply arithmetical check.
Observation Table
inter
Back Fore
Station
mediate
Sight Sight Rise Fall R.L. Remark
Sight
(B.S) (F.S)
(I.S)
Experiment No 5
Title: Leveling
Objective: Reduction of levels by collimation plane method.
Instruments: Dumpy level, Staff etc
Observation Table
STATION CHAINAGE B.S. I.S. F.S. H.I. R.L.'s REMARK
Questions:
1. What is meant by leveling?
2. Which instruments required for leveling work?
3. What is meant by bench mark?
4. Which are the types of BM?
5. Explain temporary adjustments in Dumpy Level.
6. Differentiate Rise Fall and Collimation Plane Method.
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Experiment No 6
Title: Planimeter
Objective: Measurement of Area By Mechanical Planimeter
Instruments: Mechanical Planimeter.
Formula:
AREA OF FIGURE = M (F.R. – I.R. + 10 N + C)
M : A multiplying constant, it is equal to the area per revolution of the drum.
F. R. : Final reading
I. R. : Initial reading
N : Number of times the zero passes the index.
C : C is to be added when the anchor point is inside the figure.
Procedure:
1. Fix the anchor point of the instrument on the drawing board so that anchor arm should not
displace its position during the function of the instrument.
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2. Attach the tracing arm with the anchor arm by means of the hinge point.
3. Note the initial reading ‘I’ on the Planimeter.
4. Now trace the anchor point always in the clockwise direction on the boundary of the figure.
5. Record the number of times the zero passes about the index point. If the zero passes in
clockwise direction then the value of N is positive and vice versa.
6. When the tracing point is reached at it’s original position i.e. at it’s start point then note the
final reading ‘F’.
7. As per the type of the instrument the value of the ‘M’ is to be note down.
8. If the anchor point is inside the figure then the value of the constant ‘C’ is to be added
otherwise it’s value is to be considered as zero.
9. Now add all these values in to the given formula and find out the area of the figure.
Observations:
Result:
Questions:
Experiment No 7
Title: Planimeter
Objective: Measurement of Area by Digital Planimeter
Instruments: Digital Planimeter.
Questions:
1. Which are the components of Digital Planimeter?
2. What is use of Digital Planimeter?
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Experiment No 8
Title: Total Station
Objective: Use of Total Station for various measurements
Instruments: Total Station
Theory:
Total Station is the combination of EDM and digital theodolite as a single instrument.
Applications:
1 Measurement of horizontal and sloping distances between two stations
2 Vertical measurements i.e. elevations (RL)
3 Measurements of horizontal, vertical and oblique angles between objects and lines
4 Base line measurements in triangulation survey
5 Missing line measurements
6 Making ground control stations
7 Fixing absolute positions of stations
8 Setting out work of projects like dams, bridges, canals etc.
9 Fixing the stations w.r.t. reference stations by the three co-ordinates
10 Measurements of area and volume on computer by suitable software
11 Contouring and mapping on computer by suitable software
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Questions:
Write a short note on Total Station.
Experiment No 9
Title: Layout & setting out of building.
Objective: Layout and Setting Out Of small residential Building
Instruments: Strings (Line dori), Measuring tape, Plan of building, chock pit, Arrows
6.0m
3.0m 3.0m
C 6.0m
2.0m
1.1m
B 4.0m 6.0m
8.5m
4.0m
ROOM1 ROOM2
1.0m
A 0.0m 2.0m
11.8m
0.0m
3.0m
6.0m
Theory:
1. “The transfer of the data from the plan to the ground that is from the paper to the ground is called
setting out of a building.”
2. This is very important work before to start the construction of the building.
3. A small mistake in to this data transfer will make the permanent error in the building. Hence this
work should be done by keeping highest accuracy.
Procedure:
1. First of all clean the site area so that it is easy to setting out.
2. Mark a base line at the setback within the plot.
3. By using the principal of Pythagoras triangle of side 3units, 4units, 5units mark the lines
perpendicular to the base line at required distances.
4. As per the room size set the each corner in 90 degree.
5. Complete the setting out of the center lines.
6. Construct the dummy pillar to tie the thin nylon string (line dori) which represents the centerline of
wall on the end of each wall keeping the distance of 1.5m for working space.
7. Use this setting out till the construction of building reach up to the first course of wall masonry.
Questions:
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Experiment No 10
Title: Site Visit.
Objective: Site Visit to Study Various Construction Processes
Guidelines:
1) Visit any construction of residential building.
2) Describe the location and prepare location plan.
3) Mention site condition regarding type of soil, type of foundation.
4) Measure plot area, Built Up area and find FSI.
5) Enlist various building material used.
6) Mention which building planning principles have been used and how.
Site Visit Report:
A) General Information
1) Name of site:
2) Name of owner:
3) Built up area =
4) Plot area=
5) Floor Space Index= (Built up area / Plot area)=
B) Site Conditions
1) Type of soil:
2) Type of foundation:
C) Building material used
D) Use of Building Planning Principles:
E) Draw typical section showing various building elements
[BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING] DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING