 

B A

 

 

 

D   C
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫وأﺷـﻬﺪ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳـﺸﺎء‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠـﻮب ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫أن َﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻴـﻒ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺒـﺎده َ ْ َ‬ ‫ف ُُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُﻳـَﺼﱢﺮ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪُه َ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ورﺳﻮﻟُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪا َ ْ ُ‬
‫أن ُ َ ﱠ ً‬‫وأﺷﻬﺪ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪه َﻻ َ ِ َ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ َ ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ‬
‫اﷲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـ ِـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌـ ِ‬
‫ـﺎل ْ َ َ ِ ﱠ‬
‫دروس ﻓِــﻲ َﺗـ ِ ِ‬
‫ـﺼﺮﻳﻒ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻـ ُـﺔ ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫َأﻣــﺎ ﺑﻌـ ُـﺪ‪ِ ِ َ :‬‬
‫ﻓﻬــﺬه ُ َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ‬
‫ﻋﻠـ ِ‬
‫ـﻢ‬ ‫ـﻢ ِ َإﻟــﻰ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺪﺧﻼ َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻬـ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـ ِـﺔ؛ ِ َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜـ َ‬
‫ـﻮن َﻣ ـ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ـﻼب ْ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫــﺪ ْ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺿـ ْـﻌُﺘ َﻬﺎ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻄـ ﱠ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻴﻨًﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟـﺪروس َ ْ َ َ ْ‬
‫واﻗﺘـﻀﺒُﺘ َﻬﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺨـﺼُﺖ َﻫـﺬه ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻗـﺪ َ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﺎل«‪ ،‬ﱠاﻟـ ِـﺬي‬ ‫ـﺴﺒﻴﻞ ِ َإﻟــﻰ َﺗـ ِ ِ‬
‫ـﺼﺮﻳﻒ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ـ ِ‬ ‫ـﺴﻴﺮِ اﻟـ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫َأﺻـ ِـﻠﻬﺎ ْاﻟﻤــﺴﻤﻰ ﺑــــ » َﺗﻴـ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫دﻋــﺎﻧﻲ ِ َإﻟــﻰ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻗــﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄــﻼب َ ِ ً‬‫وﺿــﻌُﺘ ُﻪ ِ ﱡ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻــﺔ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑــﺔ َﻫــﺬه ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺑﻘﺎ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻗﻤـﺖ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄـﻼب؛ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف ِ ﱡ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮص َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺤـﺬف‬ ‫ﻟـﺬا ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫أﻳــﻀﺎ‪-‬‬ ‫وﺣــﺬﻓُﺖ ‪ً ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ َ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻌــﻀﻬﻢ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺐ ََ‬ ‫ﻤــﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﱠاﻟﺘــﻲ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺗــﺼﻌ ُ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌــﺾ ْاﻟ َ َ‬
‫اﺣﺘﻮت َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺷﺮُت ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ َِ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺬه ْ ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻـﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎت ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ َ ْ‬
‫ََ ِ‬
‫درﺳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ َ ْ ً‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫وأن َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻊ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺻﻠﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻔﻊ ِ َﺑﻬﺎ َ َ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪ْ َ -‬‬
‫أن َﻳﻨ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ‪َ َ َ -‬‬ ‫َ ْ َُ‬
‫أﺳﺄل َ‬
‫ﻮم ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف ِ ُ ﱠ ٍ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﻄﻼب ْاﻟُﻌُﻠ ِ ْ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﺮَﺑًﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ُﻣ َ ﱢ‬
‫وأﺳﻤﻴﺘ َﻬﺎ ﺑِـ‪:‬‬
‫َ َ ْ َ ُْ‬
‫ﺎل«‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ِ َإﻟﻰ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﻴﺮ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ َ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫»ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ﱢ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨَﺎ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ‬‫وﺻﻠﻰ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻦ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫رب ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮا ِ َإﻟﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﻳﻮم ﱢ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎ َ ً‬ ‫وﺻﺤﺒُِﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬
‫وﺳﻠﻢ َ ْ ً‬ ‫آﻟﻪ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ََ ْ ََ‬
‫اﻷﺛﺮي(‬‫ِ‬ ‫)ﺗﺮح‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳـ ِـﺔ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ـﺼﺮف ﻣِــﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ـﻒ ِ ْ‬
‫ـﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤـ َـﺔ اﻟـ ﱠ ْ‬
‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺣﻴــﺔ ﱡ َ ِ ﱠ‬‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـ ِ‬
‫ـﻢ اﻟـ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳـ ُ‬
‫ﺗـﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﱢ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻳـﺎح‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪َ ،‬وﻣِﻨ ُْـﻪ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻫﻲ ﱠ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ َ ﱠ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ِﻓﻲ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫ﺗﻌـﺎﻟﻰ‪EDCB﴿ :‬‬ ‫ﻗـﺎل َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻣﻮر‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬـــﺎ ﻣِـــﻦ ِﺟﻬـ ٍ‬
‫ــﺔ ِ َإﻟـــﻰ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫أي‪َ ُ ِ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫‪] ﴾HGF‬اﻟﺒﻘـــﺮة‪[١٦٤:‬؛ َ ْ‬
‫أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬‫ُْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ُﻮن ُ ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ِﻣﻦ ُﻓﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم ﱡ َ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ؛ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ ْ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺒﺎ َ ﱟ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬‫وأﻣﺎ ْ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪة َ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱢ َ‬
‫أﻫﻤﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮف ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻷﺑﻨﻴـ ِ‬
‫ــﺔ ِﺻـــ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ــﺬي ﻳﻌـــﺮ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠـــﻢ ﱠاﻟـ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ــﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎﻏﺔ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ف ﺑِـــﻪ َ ْ ﱠ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴـ ُ َ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ــﻮ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُﻫـ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫اﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫وأﺣﻮال َ ِ ِ‬
‫ََ ْ َ ِ‬
‫وﻻ ﺑِﻨ ً‬
‫َﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ِ ْ َ ً‬
‫إﻋﺮاﺑﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫أن َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺮاد ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮَﻫـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻳـﺸﺎرﻛﻬﺎ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ ﱠاﻟﺘـﻲ ُ ْ ُ‬‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨـﺎء‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َُْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨ َِـﺔ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫وﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗ َﻬﺎ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ َ ِ‬
‫وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒَِﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮوف ْاﻟ َ َ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﺪد ُ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرة َﻋﻦ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ َ َ ٌ ْ‬
‫وﻫﺬه ْ َ ُ ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫َ ِِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿـ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛـﻞ ﻓِــﻲ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺰاﺋِـ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺻـ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳـﻜﻮﻧِﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣــﻊ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻋﺘﺒَـ ِ‬
‫ـﻌﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ـﺪة‪ ُ ،‬ﱟ‬ ‫ـﻠﻴﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺤـﺮوف ْ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ـﺎر ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ َ َ َ‬
‫ـﺸﺎرﻛﻬﺎ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫أن ُﻳـ َ ِ َ َ‬‫ـﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ َ َ ٍ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ـﺜﻼ‪َ َ -‬‬ ‫رﺟـ ٌـﻞ( ‪َ -‬ﻣـ َ ً‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤـ ُـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜـ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌــﺔ َوﺻ ـ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻓ ــ) َ ُ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫أﺣــﺮف‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋــﻀﺪ(‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺘــﻮح‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬــﺎ‬ ‫أوﻟ َﻬــﺎ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛــﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﻬــﺎ َ َ‬
‫وﻫــﻲ َﻛ ْ ُ َ‬
‫)َ ُ ٌ َ َ‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪ -‬ﺑِﻨ َ ٌْﻴﺔ َ ِ َ ٌ‬
‫وﺻﻴﻐﺔ َ َ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫ووزﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎل ‪ِ َ ْ ِ :‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ‪ً ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮم‪ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ ٌ‬
‫اﻹﻋﻼل َ ْ ِ ْ َ ُ‬
‫َﺎء‪ُ َ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺣﻮاﻟﻬﺎ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫واﻹﺑـﺪال‪،‬‬ ‫وﻻ ﺑِﻨ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ِ ْ َ ً‬
‫إﻋﺮاﺑﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺮاد ِ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫َ َُْ ُ‬
‫واﻟﺰﻳﺎدة َ ْ َ َ َ ُ‬
‫واﻷﺻﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺬف َ ْ ِ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻹدﻏﺎم‪ َ ،‬ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻨَـ ِ ﱟ‬
‫ـﻮي َ ْأو‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـ ِـﺔ؛ ِ َ‬
‫ﻟﻐـ َ ٍ‬
‫ـﺮض َ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ـﺼﺮﻳﻒ‪ُ :‬ﻫــﻮ َ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴـ ٌـﺮ ﻓــﻲ ﺑِﻨ َْﻴــﺔ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘـ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﱠ‬
‫َْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻈﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﱟ‬
‫وﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤـﺼﺪر ِ َإﻟـﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﻊ‪ِ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ِ َإﻟﻰ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ْ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷول‪َ ُ ِ ِ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ َﱠ ُ‬
‫واﺳـﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌـﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫واﺳـﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻣـﺮ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ َ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻀﺎرع َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ا ْ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫وﻏﻴﺮ َ ِ َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َِْ‬
‫ﱠ ِ‬
‫وﻫـﺬا ﱠ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬ ‫وﻏـﺰا(‪َ َ َ .‬‬
‫ﻗـﺎل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬‫ﻏـﺰو( ِ َإﻟـﻰ ) َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‪َ ،‬و َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ِ ِ ْ َ َ :‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ) َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫واﻹدﻏـﺎم‪ ،‬وا ﱢ ِ‬ ‫واﻹﺑﺪال‪ِ ْ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ْﺤﺼﺮ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﺤﺬف َ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻟﺰﻳـﺎدة َواﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱠﻘـﻞ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َﻳﻨ َ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬا ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ِﻓﻲ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ِ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََْ ُ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫أﺑﻨﻴــﺔ ْ َ ِ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳــﻞ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌــﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬‫ﻣــﻦ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻟــﻀﺮوب َ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ ِ َإﻟــﻰ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أ‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ـﻢ‬ ‫واﻷﻣـ ِـﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﺳـ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻤـ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ـﻀﺎرع َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ـﻴﻎ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿــﻲ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ـْﺼ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺪر ِ َإﻟــﻰ ﺻـ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ـﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺤﻮﻳـ ِ‬
‫ﱢﺴﺒﺔ َ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﻴﺮَﻫﺎ َﻛﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫واﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‪ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋ ِﻞ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻐـﺮض َ ْ ِ‬
‫وﻟﻜـﻦ ِ َ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨًﻰ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻈـﻲ‬
‫ﱟ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻃﺎرئ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ب‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫واﻟﻘﻠﺐ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ْ ْ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺤﺬف‪ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻹﺑﺪال َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻹدﻏﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺤﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﱢ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻷﻣﺮ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻷﺧﻴـﺮ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺨﺺ ﱠ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ْاﻟﻌ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻳﺠﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺎء َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜـﻮن ﱠ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘـﺼﺎص ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷول ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ْ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ْـﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘـﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻨ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺤـﻮ؛ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ ََْ‬
‫ـﺎر َﻣــﺎ ﻓِــﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـ ِـﺔ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ـﺎول ِﺻـ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴـ ُـﺮ ﱠاﻟـ ِـﺬي َ َ َ‬
‫وﺑﻨﻴﺘَﻬــﺎ؛ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﻹﻇﻬـ ِ‬ ‫ـﻴﻐﺔ ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻨـ َ ُ‬ ‫ُﻫـ َـﻮ‪ ) :‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫إﻋـﻼل َ ْأو ِ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣـﺬف‪َ ،‬أو ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺻـﺤﺔ َ ْأو ِ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة َأو ْ ٍ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوﻓﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬‫ِ‬
‫إﺑـﺪال‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﻟﺔ َ ْأو ِ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُُ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َﻻ َ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮِ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َأو َﻏﻴﺮِ َ ِ َ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﱠﺤـﻮ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄ ‪َ-‬أﱠوَل َﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف َ َ َ‬ ‫ِﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻜـﺎن ْ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄ‪َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫إن ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺎت ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻜـﺎم ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ِﻓﻲ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﺻـﺎر‬
‫ﺛـﻢ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ِ ْ َ ً‬
‫إﻓـﺮادا َ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ََ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫ًْ ُ ْ‬
‫إﻓـﺮاد‪َ ،‬و َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤـﺎت ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ َ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن ِ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬا‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺣـﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ‪َ ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ََ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺑﻴـﺎن َ َ‬‫َ ََ ُ‬
‫َْ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫وزن َﺧــﺎص َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ْ ٍ‬ ‫دة؛ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺤــﺚ َﻋﻨْﻬــﺎ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻴﺌــﺔ‬ ‫ﱟ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻮن َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜــ َ‬ ‫وﻫــﻲ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ﻣﻔــﺮ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫َ َْ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ) ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ِ ُ -‬‬ ‫َ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺎ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ؛ ِ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺤﺚ َﻋﻨْﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫ْﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘـﻀﻴﻪ َﻣـﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ َﻫﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ُ َ ﱠ َ ٌ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫َ َْ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺟﺰم‪َ ،‬أو َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب ِﻓﻲ َﻛ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻘـﺎء َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ َ ْأو َ ْ ٍ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ﱟ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ َ ْأو َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻼﻣﻬﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََْ ِ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أي ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع ) ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻢ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻹﻋـﺮاب؛ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ِ ُ -‬‬
‫ﻣـﻦ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻫـﻮ ْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ َ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ِ َ ٍ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬
‫واﺣﺪة ْ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻤﻜﻨ َِﺔ ‪ِ -‬‬ ‫ﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻤﺎء ْاﻟ ِ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﺺ ِ ْ‬
‫وﻫﻲ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َْ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻓﻌﺎل ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ِ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮﻓﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪ َ ُ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ -‬ﱢ‬ ‫َْْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ْ ُ ْ َ َ ُ‬
‫وأﺳﻤﺎء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻤﺎء ْ ِ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫َْْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻻ ِ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺠﻤﻴﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮل‪َ َ ،‬‬‫وأﺳﻤﺎء ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺳﻤﺎء ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‪َ ،‬و َ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ََْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻓﻌﺎل ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﺺ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮوف‬ ‫وﻻ ِ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺴﻰ(‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪة‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َْ ﱡ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﻬﺎ ْ ْ َ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َِْ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ر ﻓِﻲ » ْاﻟَﻜﺎﻓَِﻴِﺔ« )‪:(٥٤٠/٢‬‬
‫َﻗَﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤـﺮف ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺳـﻮاﻫﻤﺎ ُ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺼـﺮف َﻣــﺎ َ ُ َ‬
‫وﻣـﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ْ‬
‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻨـﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫وﺷـﺒﻬﻪ ْاﻣ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ‬
‫َ ْ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺎت ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﺈِ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف ُ ِ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ُ ْ ً‬
‫ﻧﻄﻘـﺎ‬ ‫ََ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ َ‬‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺻـ ِ ِ‬ ‫ــﺔ ْ َ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ــﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ــﺎت‬ ‫ــﺮوف ْ َ َ‬ ‫ــﻦ ُﺣـ ُ‬‫ــﻠﻲ ﻣـ ْ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ــﺴﺎﻋﺪ َ َ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫وﻛﺘﺎﺑ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ــﺘﻼف ِﺻـ َ ِ‬
‫ــﻴﻎ‬ ‫ــﺔ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻻﺧـ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـ ِ‬
‫ــﺎﻧﻲ ْ ُ ْ َ ِ َ‬‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ ْاﻟﻤﻌـ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺤـ ُ ِ‬
‫ــﺼﻮل َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺰواﺋــﺪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ْ َِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‪.‬‬‫َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـ ِـﺔ َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻋﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ـﻮم ْ َ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ـﻦ َ َ‬
‫أﺟـ ﱢـﻞ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠـ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ـﺼﺮف ﻣـ ْ‬ ‫ـﻢ اﻟـ ﱠ ْ‬‫ﻋﻠـ َ‬‫أن ِ ْ‬
‫واﻟﺤـ ﱡـﻖ َ ﱠ‬
‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ِﻓﻲ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ُﻧﻌﻨَﻰ ِﺑﻬﺎ؛ َذ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟـﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﺣﻘﻬﺎ ِ َ ْ ْ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮا‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ََْ َ َ‬
‫وأﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ َ َ ً‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋـﺪ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫وﺑﻤﺮاﻋـﺎة َ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻔﺎظ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫دات‬
‫ﻣﻔـﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟـﺼﺮف َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠـﻮ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪َ َ َ ُ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺼﺎﺣﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻼم ِﻣﻦ َ َ َ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻞ ِ ْ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ََ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫إﻳﺠﺎز ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ت ِﻓﻲ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ » ِ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ ِ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻤﻢ ْ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻮف ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ ِﻋْﻠِﻢ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘْﺼِﺮﻳﻒ«‪ ِ َ » :‬ﱠ ْ‬
‫أﺑﻮاب اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ِ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺿﻮح ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺤﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺘﺢ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ْ َ َ ِ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َََ ﱠ ُ ْ‬
‫وﻳﻔﺼﻞ ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻼ‪.«...‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫أﺻﻮﻟﻪ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻔﻼ‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻘ َ ً‬
‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ِ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ِﻓﻲ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ ْ ُ‬
‫وﻳﻘﻮى ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻮ َ ُأﺑ َ‬
‫ﻮﻫﺎ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف َ ﱡأم ْ ُ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫أن ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫اح«‪ْ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫»ْاﻟَﻤَﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺎروﻫﺎ‪ .«...‬اﻫـ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺎ‪ِ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻳﻄﻐﻰ ﻓﻲ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫دار َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪَرَاﻳﺎت َ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻠَﻐِﺔ«‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻫﺮ ِﻓﻲ ُ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮم ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ْ ُ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﺎب » ْ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َوﻗﺎل ﱡ ُ ﱡ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌَﻈُﻢ؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻷﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ْ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻓﺈن ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ َ ِ ﱠ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﱠ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫)ص‪ َ َ » :(٢٥٦‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ِﻓﻲ‬‫أﻓﺼﺤْﺖ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻬﻤﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈذا ُﺻِﺮَﻓْﺖ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ ِ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ُ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َﻧﻘﻮل‪َ َ َ َ َ :‬‬
‫ُ ُ‬
‫ﺟﺪة‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﺪاﻧﺎ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﱠ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﺪا‪ِ ،‬‬
‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‪َ :‬ﻣْﻮ ِ َ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺎﻟﺔ‪َ ً َ ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎل‪َ ً ْ ُ :‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﻘﺴﻂ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎدل‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻂ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫وﻳﻘﺎل‪ُ ِ َ ْ :‬‬
‫وﺟﺪا‪ُ َ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ْ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺰن‪ً ْ َ :‬‬‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮر ِ َإﻟﻰ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪل‪ .«...‬اﻫـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬‫ْاﻟﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ِ ﱠ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ َ ُأﺑﻮ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺿﻊ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻬﺮ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎذ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ِﻓﻲ ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫وس ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻼم ‪-‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ َ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬
‫وﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﻴﻬﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ُرُء ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺮاء‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْاﻟَﻬ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ُ ْ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺪر ُس ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ُﺗ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻃﻼﻗﻪ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﱠﺤﻮ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬‫وﻣﻊ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ َ ﱟ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ْ َ َ ِ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫درﺳﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ‪ْ َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ُ َ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺧﺎص‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ َ ﱟ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أﻓﺮد َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أول َ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذا ُ َ‬ ‫إن ُ َ ً‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠن ْ ُ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺪأ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻔﻮا َ َأﺛﺮه ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﻮي ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﱡ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻘﻪ ْ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا َﻣﺎ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََْ ْ َ ُ ْ َْ‬
‫ﻳﻒ« )ص ‪.(٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼِﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ت‪َ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪ ِ‬
‫دروس ﻓﻲ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ » ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻼم ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ِ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض ِ َ ٍ‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‪ُ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻳﺠﺐ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُﺣْﻜُﻤ ُﻪ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫أﻧﻪ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﻄﻠﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎد ْ ُ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ‬‫وﻫﻮ ْ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪ِ َ َ َ -‬‬
‫وﻛﻼم َ ُ‬ ‫‪َ َ َ-‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ِ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب ِ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ َ ْ َ‬
‫واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮاء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼم ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺪ ْ ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء َ َ‬ ‫ْ ََ ﱠ‬
‫‪aA‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻮن ِ ِﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌـﺮُض َﻋ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِﺻﻨ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ُِﱢ‬
‫ﻣﻤـﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳـﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻠـﻴﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ُ َ ِ ُ َ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﺔ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ ِﻣـﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟـﺼﺮف ِ َإﻟـﻰ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺟﻬـﺔ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎن َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻟﱠﻤﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬‫ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨ َ ِ ْ‬
‫ﺟﻬـﺔ َ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ؛ ِ َﻟﻴْﻌ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوﻓﻬﺎ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﻟﺘ َﻬﺎ َ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫وزﻳﺎدﺗ َﻬﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺮﻓﻮا َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُُ َ‬
‫ذﻟـﻚ ِ َإﻟـﻰ‬‫اﺿـﻄﺮﻫﻢ َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ؛ ْ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرة َ َ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫أي ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﺿﺒﻄِ َﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف َ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َﻫﺬه ْ ُ ُ‬
‫أن َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻳﺘـﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺰﻣـﻮا ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴـﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻮه ) ْ ِ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان(‪ُ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف َ ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫اﺗﺨﺎذ ِ ٍ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﱢ َ ِ‬
‫ﺳـﻜﻮن‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ َأو ُ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮزون‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫َﻔﺲ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑِﻨ ْ ِ‬
‫َ ْأو َ ْ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻤﻜﻨ َُﺔ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع َ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺜﻬﻢ ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻷَْﺟِﻞ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أﺣﺮف ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ِ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوﻓ َﻬﺎ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮﻓﺔ‪َ -‬ﻻ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َُْ َ ﱢَُ‬
‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻮل َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ ُ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻷن ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان َ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻮا ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف؛ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻲ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱡَ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻌﻴﻦ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎء َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ُ َ ْ :‬‬‫اﻷﺣﺮف ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺎء ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺎء ِ َ ِ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف ْ ُ َ ِ َ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َﺳﱠﻤُﻮا ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)ف‪-‬ع‪-‬ل(‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺑﻼم ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻼم ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺤﺮف ْ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻦ ِ َ‬
‫ﺑﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ َِ‬
‫واﻟﺒﺎء َﻻم ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻬﺎء َﻋﻴﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺬال ِﻣﻦ ) َذﻫﺐ( َﻓﺎء ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ُ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ ِ ْ َ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ وﺳ َﻜﻨ ِ ِ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫َﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮزون ﻓﻲ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬و)َﺷﺮَِب(‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َوْزِن ) َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺮم( َ َ‬‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬و) َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ( َ َ َ‬ ‫َﻓــ) َ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َوْزِن‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻞ( َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬و) ُ ْ ٌ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َوْزِن ) َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ( َ َ‬ ‫وزن ) َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬و) َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﻜﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫وزن ) ِ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺮ( َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬و) ْ ٌ‬‫)ُ ْ ٌ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا َﻻ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺎ‪َ َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪-‬ﻓِْﻌ ًﻼ َ َ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧْﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺰن َ ِ َ ً‬
‫أن َ ِ َ‬ ‫أردت َ ْ‬‫إذا َ َ ْ َ‬‫َِ‬
‫ﻳﺨﻠﻮ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أو ْ ً‬
‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت َ ٍ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫أﺣـﺮف ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫أﺻـﻮل ُ ﱢ َ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ْ ُ َ‬‫ْ َ َُ‬
‫اﻟﺤــﺮف ْ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟــﺼﺮﻓﻲ )ف ‪ -‬ع ‪ -‬ل(‪َ ِ َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺗﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺎﺑــَﻞ ِ َﺑﻬــﺎ ْ ِ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴــﺰان‬ ‫ََُ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ِ َ‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َِْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫َََ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫َ َِ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫َِ َ‬
‫ﻓﺮح‬
‫ََُ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ﻛﺮَم‬
‫ٌَْ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫َْ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫َ ٌِ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫َ ٌِ‬
‫ﻓﺨﺬ‬
‫ٌُْ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ُ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﺷﺮب‬
‫ٌِِ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ٌِِ‬
‫إﺑﻞ‬
‫ٌُُ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ُُ ٌ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬

‫أﺻـﻮل ُ ﱢ َ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫أﺣـﺮف ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ‬
‫أرﺑﻌـﺔ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ َ َُ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴـ ًـﺔ ﻓِــﻲ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻻﻣــﺎ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘـ ِـﺔ اﻟـ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ـﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠأﻧـ َ‬
‫ـﻚ َ ِﺗﺰﻳـ ُـﺪ َ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ـﺲ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ َ ْﻧﻔـ ِ‬ ‫ََِ َُ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺰﻧﻬــﺎ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان؛ ِ ُ َ ِ َ‬
‫ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﱠ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل َ ِ َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫َِ ُ‬
‫َ ََْ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻞ‬ ‫دﺣﺮج‬
‫َ َْ َ‬
‫َ ََْ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻞ‬ ‫َ ََْ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬
‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫وﻫﻜﺬا‪.‬‬

‫أﺻﻮل ُ ﱢ َ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﺣﺮوف ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬
‫ْ َ َُ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﱠ ِ َ ِ‬
‫أﻧﻚ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺎ؛ َ َ ِ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺰﻧﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ِ ﱠإﻻ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫واﻟﻼم ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻼم ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﻴﻦ؛ ِ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺎت ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ ُ َ .‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮزون‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎت َو َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ُ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ‬‫وﻛﻞ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮف ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َْ َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬‫ﻣﺜﺎل َ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮﻓﻲ‪ُ َ ِ ،‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻠﻞ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ٌِ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻤﺮش‬‫َ ْ َِ ٌ‬
‫ﺣﺮوف‬‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ِ َ َ ُ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮن ْ َ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ َ َُ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف ْ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪:‬‬‫ﻗﻮل َ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ِﻓﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺮة ْ َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ﱢ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫) َ َُْ ُ َ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻤﻮﻧﻴﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫إﻳﺮاد ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان )ف‪-‬ع‪-‬ل( ﻣﻊ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬا ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮزن ِ َ َ‬‫اﻟﻘْﺴ ُﻢ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ْ ِ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺋﻢ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل ِﻓﻲ ) َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻓﺎﻫٍﻢ(‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺐ‪َ ٍ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻀﺮوب(‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻔﻬﻮم‪ٍ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‪ٍ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ ) َ ْ ُ ٍ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮل ِﻓﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ(‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫)َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻢ(‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬‫وأﺣﺴﻦ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻛﺮم‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ ) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮل ِﻓﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل(‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) ْ ُ ٍ‬
‫َْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮل ِﻓﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻧﻜﺴﺮ(‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ ) ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻌﻞ(‪ِ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وزن‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺮج(‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ﻧﺤِﻮ ) ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮل ﻓﻲ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)َْ ََ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﻜﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫) ْ َْ ََ‬
‫ﻋـﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﻳـﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ َ ِ َ ً‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷـﺌﺔ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳـﺎدة ِﻓـﻲ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜـﻮن ﱢ َ َ ُ‬‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ َ َُ‬
‫أﺻﻠﻲ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠـَﻢ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄـﻊ‪َ ،‬و َ ﱠ‬‫ﺷـﻤﻠﻞ‪َ ،‬و َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺒـﺐ‪َ ،‬و َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫َ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ـﻮل ﻓِــﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘـ ُ‬
‫ـﺮر‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬‫ﺗﻜﺮﻳـ ِـﺮ َﻣــﺎ َﺗ َﻜـ ﱠ َ‬
‫ـﻊ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ـﻮزن ِ َﺑﻬـ َـﺬا ْاﻟﻤﻴـ َـﺰان َﻣـ َ‬
‫ـﻮع ُﻳـ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫـ َـﺬا اﻟﻨﱠـ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ـﻮل ﻓِــﻲ ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻗﻄـ َـﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﻘـ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠـ َـﻞ(‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻬــﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ـﻤﻠﻞ(‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ـﺐ‪َ ،‬و َﺷـ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺒـ َ‬‫) َ َْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤـﺮف‬‫َﻔﺲ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴـﺰان ِﺑـﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ْ َ‬‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ(‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫َو َ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِﻓﻲ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮزون‪.‬‬ ‫ْ ِ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ِ َ ٍ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ْ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدﺗﺎن‪ ُ ،‬ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬‫َِ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ِ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻈَﺖ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤ َﻬﺎ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎص‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫أن ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص؛ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع َ ﱟ‬ ‫َْ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫َﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﻜﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫وزن ) َﺗـ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ( ِ ﱠ َ‬
‫)َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺌﺖ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺰان َ َ‬ ‫إﻋﻼل ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ ِﻓﻲ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮزون ِ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﻤﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل(؛ َ ِ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺬا َ ِ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل(‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‪َ ،‬و َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻓﻘْﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل(‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫أﺻﻞ ) َ َ‬
‫إﻟﻴﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻠﺘﻔ ْﺖ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ُﻳ ْ َ َ‬
‫إدﻏﺎم َ ْ‬
‫ﺼﻞ ِﻓﻲ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮزون ِ ْ َ ٌ‬‫َْ‬ ‫إذا َﺣ َ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ( َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓـ) َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان؛ َ ْﺑﻞ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) ْ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻓﺘﻌﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﺷﺘﺪ( َ َ َ‬‫َو) ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف َ ِﻟﺰم ِ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ ِﻓﻲ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺬف‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮزون َ ْ ٌ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻓﻞ( ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺬف ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ .‬و) ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ ْاﻟ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫وزن ) ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ( َ َ َ‬
‫ﻗﻞ‪َ ،‬و ُ ْ‬‫ﻤﻴﺰان‪ ،‬ﻓـَـ ) ُ ْ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺬف ْ َ ِ‬
‫وزن ) ِﻋﻪ( ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻪ( َ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻪ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫وزن ) ُ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺖ(‪َ ،‬و) ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺖ( َ َ َ‬ ‫َو ُ ْ ُ‬
‫َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻼم‪.‬‬
‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ؛ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎرات ْ َ ِ َ ٍ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وذﻟـﻚ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﻣﺎ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ ً‬ ‫إن ِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل َ ْأﻗـ َ ً‬ ‫ِﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﺘـﺼﺮف‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤـﻮد َ ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎر ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟـﺼﺤﺔ َ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫واﻻﻋـﺘﻼل‪ِ َ ِ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ِ َ ِ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫أو ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬـﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠـﻮ ِم َ ِ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر َ ﱠأﻧﻪ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﺰوم‪ِ َ ِ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪي َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ ْ َِ ِ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ﱞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮد ﱢ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ْ َِ ِ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﱠ َ ﱡ َ َ َ‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎﻣ َﻬﺎ ِ ﱠ ً‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬

‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرِ َ ِ َ‬
‫واﻹﻳﺠﺎزِ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺴﺎمِ ﱢ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬهِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺘﻜﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺳﻨ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘـﺴﻴﻢ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠْ ِ ُ‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧـﻪ ِ َإﻟـﻰ َ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻘـﺴ ُﻢ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻷو ُل‪ :‬ﻳﻨْ َ ِ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ َ ْأﻗـ َ ٍ‬
‫ـﺴﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒـ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ِ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ِ ِ َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‪ِ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﻷﻣﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ﻛـﻞ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬـﺎ‪ َ َ -‬ﱡ‬
‫ﻣﺤـﻞ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ُ ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔُﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻌﺎ‪ُ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ً‬
‫واﻟﻜﻼم َ َ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ََ ُ ْ‬
‫داﻋﻲ ِ ﱠ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻮ؛ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮِه وﺑﺴﻄِ ِ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِِْ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟــﺼﺤﺔ َ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫واﻻﻋــﺘﻼل ِ َإﻟــﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒــﺎر ﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﻨَْﻘــِﺴ ُﻢ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜــﺎﻧﻲ‪َ َ :‬‬‫ﻘــﺴﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬ﱟ‬
‫وﻣﻌﺘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪ٍ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ََ َْ ِ‬

‫ﻣﺜـ ُـﻞ‪:‬‬‫ـﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬

‫أﺣﺮﻓــﺎ َﺻـ ِ َ ً‬ ‫اﻷﺻـ ِ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ـﻠﻴﺔ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫أﺣﺮﻓ ـُﻪ ْ َ ْ‬‫ـﺖ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧـ ْ‬ ‫ـﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪َ :‬ﻣــﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓﺎﻟـ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻗﺘَﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬ ‫)َﻛَﺘ َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎمٍ‪ٌ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ْ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻣﻀﻌﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮز‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ ٌ‬
‫وﻣﻬﻤ ٌ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬أو َ َ ٍ‬
‫َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َأﺣﺮﻓِِﻪ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﱠ ْ ْ‬
‫ﻫﻤـﺰة‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ َ ْ‬
‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ‬
‫ﻟﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪ َ-‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ً‬
‫ﻣﻀﻌﻔﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ََ ْ‬
‫وﻟﻢ َ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻷﺻـ ِ ِ‬ ‫ـﺎن َأﺣـ ُـﺪ َ ِ ِ‬
‫وﻫـ َـﻮ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛـ ُـﺔ‬ ‫ـﺰة‪ُ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻫﻤـ َ ً‬ ‫أﺣﺮﻓـﻪ ْ َ ْ ﱠ‬
‫ـﻠﻴﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ـﻮز‪َ :‬ﻣــﺎ َﻛـ َ َ‬ ‫‪ُ َْْ َ -‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﻬﻤـ ُ‬
‫وﻣﻬﻤـﻮز‬
‫ﺳـﺄل(‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ :‬ﻛــ) َ َ َ‬
‫وﻣﻬﻤﻮز ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎِء‪َ :‬ﻛـ) َ َ َ‬
‫أﺧﺬ(‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮز ْ َ‬ ‫َْ َ ٍ‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎم‪ُ ُ ْ َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻼم‪َ :‬ﻛـ) َ َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺮأ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻐﻴـﺮ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺮﻓـِﻪ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫أﺣـﺪ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻜـﺮ ًرا َ ْ ِ َ َ‬
‫زﻳـﺎدة‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻـﻠﻴﺔ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎن َ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ َ ُْ َ -‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻀﻌﻒ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْﺲ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ٌ ِ‬
‫واﺣﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣـﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِﺟﻨ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨ ُُﻪ َ َ ُ ُ‬
‫وﻻﻣﻪ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬
‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻌﻒ ُ َ ﱞ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫َو َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ ِﺟـﻨ ٍ‬ ‫وﻻﻣــﻪ ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْﺲ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟـﻰ ْ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎن َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻓـﺎؤه َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻫـﻮ َﻣــﺎ َ َ‬
‫رﺑـﺎﻋﻲ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬
‫وﻣـﻀﻌﻒ ُ َ ﱞ‬ ‫َُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬
‫ْﺲ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻻﻣﻪ ﱠ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫دﻣﺪم(‪.‬‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ْ َ َ‬
‫زﻟﺰل‪َ ،‬و َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِﺟﻨ ٍ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﻨُُﻪ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ْ‬ ‫َواﺣﺪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺣـﺮف ِ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫أﺣﺮﻓـِﻪ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫أﺣﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِْ ُْ‬
‫ﻧﺤـﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠـﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻـﻠﻴﺔ َ ْ َ‬‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ ْ َ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬
‫رﻣﻰ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪ‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬ ‫)َ َ َ‬
‫وﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪ٌ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻟﻔﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎمٍ‪ٌ َ ِ :‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وأﺟﻮف‪ٌ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬
‫َ َُ‬
‫وﻋﺪ‪َ ،‬و َ ِ َ‬
‫ورث(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮف ِ ﱠ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎؤه َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َِ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ِ ﱠ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ)َﻗَﺎل‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬
‫ﺑﺎع(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨُُﻪ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َْْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻷﺟﻮف‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف ِ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ َ‬
‫رﺿﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻣُﻪ َ ْ َ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ‬
‫َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤـﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠـﺔ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫أﺣـﺮف ْ ﱠ ْ ﱠ‬
‫أﺻـﻠﻴﺎن‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻴـﻪ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓـﺎن ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻛـﺎن ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ﱠِ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻠﻔﻴﻒ‪َ :‬ﻣـﺎ َ َ‬
‫وﻗﻰ(‪.‬‬ ‫) ََ‬
‫ﻃﻮى‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬
‫وﻟﻔﻴﻒ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮوق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮون‪ٌ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺎن‪ٌ ِ َ :‬‬
‫ﻟﻔﻴﻒ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤـ ُـﻮ‪َ ) :‬ﻧـ َـﻮى‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ـﺎ ْ ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ـﻊ ِﻓﻴـ ِـﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻓـ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫ـﺎﻟﻠﻔﻴﻒ ْ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘـ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠــﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤـ َ‬
‫ـﺮون‪َ :‬ﻣــﺎ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻮى(‪.‬‬ ‫َو َ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤـ ُـﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫وﻓــﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ـﺎ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ـﺮق ِﻓﻴـ ِـﻪ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻓﺘـ َ َ‬
‫ـﺮوق‪َ :‬ﻣــﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫ـﻒ ْ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔـ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠــﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻔﻴـ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫وﻗﻰ(‪.‬‬ ‫َو َ َ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌـﺎل ِﻋﻨ َْـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬـﺬه ْاﻷَ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻧـﻮاع َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺗﺨـﺘﺺ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫أﺣﻜﺎﻣـﺎ َ ْ َ ﱡ َ‬‫َﺎك َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫أن ُﻫﻨ َ‬ ‫َ َْْ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ َ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫واﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛُﺘ َﻬﺎ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﺎدﻫﺎ ِ َإﻟﻰ ﱠ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﺳﻨ ِ َ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮف‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ُ ِ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫ﱠْ ِ ُ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﻮد ِ َإﻟﻰ ﻗِْﺴ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫وﻳﻨَْﻘِﺴ ُﻢ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﺮف‪،‬‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻦ‪ َ َ ُ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮف َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ٍِ‬
‫وﺟﺎﻣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫وﺗﺠﺮد َ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﱠاﻟﺬي ُ ْ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة َ ِ َ ً‬
‫واﺣﺪة‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻻزم ُ َ ً‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ِﻓﻲ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺌﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ ،‬و ِ ْ َ‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ْ ) :‬‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺘﺮﻧﺎ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫وﻟﻢ ُ َ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻼزم ُ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪث ُ ْ َ ِ ً َ‬
‫ﺑﺰﻣﺎن‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮف‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫َ َُْ َ ﱢ ُ‬
‫َ ِ ًَ‬
‫واﺣﺪة‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎم ْ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ْ ِ‬‫ﻣﻼزﻣﺎ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ ،‬و ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﺌﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ ِ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ِ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼزﻣﺎ ِ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺎت‪َ ،‬و َ َ َ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎل(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ْ َ ْ ِ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ ِ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻼزﻣﺎ ِ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻬﻴﻂ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ِ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺎرع‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ ِ ً‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻷﺧﻴﺮ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ورودا ﻓـﻲ ﱡ َ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ؛ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﻗـﺴﺎم ُ ُ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ْ َ ُ‬
‫وﻫﺬا ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫َْ ََُ‬
‫أﻫﻤﻠﻪ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮفِ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬‫أﻗﺴﺎم ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮف َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِْ ُْ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ ُ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺼﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ َ ﱡ‬
‫ﺗﺎم ﱠ‬ ‫‪ َ -١‬ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫‪ُ َ -٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﻲء ﻣِﻨْﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷول‪ِ ُ :‬‬
‫واﺳﻢ‬
‫واﻷﻣﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ َ ْ ُ َ ِ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻀﺎرع َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َﱠ ُ َ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺿﺮب(‪َ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫واﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‪ُ ْ َ .‬‬ ‫َْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َْ ُ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﻲء ﻣِﻨْﻪ ْاﺛﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬
‫َﺎن َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ِ ُ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪:‬‬‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ َ ْ ً‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫وﻫﺬا َ َ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻣِﻨْﻪ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎد‪ُ َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﺎد(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ َ ْ ُ َ ِ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺰال(‪َ ،‬و) َﻣﺎ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻧﻔﻚ‪َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺷﻚ(‪َ ،‬و) َﻣﺎ َ َ‬
‫زال‪َ َ -‬‬ ‫أوﺷﻚ‪ُ ِ ُ -‬‬ ‫َو) َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ََْ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻔﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺬر‪ْ َ -‬‬
‫ذر(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫واﻷَ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ْ ُ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع َ ْ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺪع‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻳﺬُر(؛‬ ‫ﻧﺎدرا ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ً ِ‬ ‫و) َﻳﺪع‪ -‬دع(‪ِ ْ َ .‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣْﻦ ) َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺎ َ ً َ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُﺳ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺷﺎذ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ﱞ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ(؛ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ووذر( ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻮزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ودع‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ِ ْ ِْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪي َواﻟﻼ ِ ُ‬
‫زم‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ َ َ ُ ْ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪ َ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫وﻻزم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ َُﺎه ِ َإﻟﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪ َ َ ُ :‬ﱟ‬ ‫ﱠﻈﺮ ِ َإﻟﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ْﻘﺴﻢ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻳﻨ َ ُ‬
‫وﻳﺠـﺎوزه ِ َإﻟـﻰ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌـﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠـُﻪ‪ُ ُ ِ َ ُ َ ،‬‬‫أﺛـﺮُه َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﺪى َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪي َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠأﻣﺎ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪرس(‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِﺑﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ﱠ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ََ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌـﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﻮد َ َ‬
‫ﻫـﺎء َ ُ ُ‬‫ﺗﺘـﺼﻞ ِﺑـﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪي‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌ ِﻞ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻋﻼﻣﺔ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮو(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮَﺑ ُﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ) :‬زْﻳًﺪا َ َ‬ ‫ِﺑﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻳﺠـ ِ ُ‬
‫ـﺎوز ِ َإﻟــﻰ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌــﺪى َ َأﺛـ ُـﺮُه ْ َ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋــﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬــﻮ‪َ :‬ﻣــﺎ َﻻ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وأﻣــﺎ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟــﻼزم َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َﱠ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘـﺎج ِ َإﻟـﻰ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋـﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َﻓﺎﻋﻠِـﻪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وإﻧﻤﺎ ﻳ َﺒﻘﻰ َﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺻ ًـﺮا َ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ِﺑﻪ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ْ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ِ َإﻟﻰ ْ ٍ ِ‬
‫زﻳﺪ َ َ َ َ‬
‫وﻗﻌﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺎم َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ِﺑﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ) :‬ﻗ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬‫ََ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدةٍ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺳـﺒﺎب ُ َ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌـﻮلِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ِ َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌـﺪى ِ َإﻟـﻰ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟـﻼزم َ ْ‬
‫ﻗـﺪ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫َ ْ ُِْ‬
‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰة ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺟَﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﻛﺮم َ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻈﻤﺖ اﷲَ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨُُﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻒ َْ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫إذا ُﺿﱢﻌ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺮرت ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ َِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء(‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮف ْ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬

‫ﻃﻠـﻊ ِ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﺑـﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺤـﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌـﺪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَـﻰ ِ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﻌـﻞ ُ َ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻦ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟـﻼزم َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن ُﻳ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﻦ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ‬
‫ﱠﺤﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻄﺖ ِﻓﻲ ُ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺴ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﱠ ُ‬
‫وﻏﻴﺮ َ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ َ‬ ‫َ َِْ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ْ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ َ ُ ْ :‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد َ ْ َ ِ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠْ ِ ُ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮد َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ ِ َإﻟﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫أو ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﻘﺴﻢ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺠـﺮد‪،‬‬
‫ﻗـﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪ َ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة َ ِ َ ﱡ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِ ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َﻳﻨ َ ُ‬
‫ِ ٍ‬
‫وﻣﺰﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ َ ِ ً ِ‬
‫أﺻﻠﻴﺔ َ َ ً َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮوﻓُﻪ ُ ﱡ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ُْ َﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﺣـﺮف َأو َ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓـﺎن َ ْأو َ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوﻓﻪ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ِ َ‬
‫َ َِْ ُ‬
‫اﻷﺻـﻠﻴﺔ َ ْ ٌ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ‬
‫َ ٍ‬
‫أﺣﺮف‪.‬‬
‫ُْ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨِ ﱡﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮلِ‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ْ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮمِ َ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ْ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ُ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠْ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪-‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪر ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻢ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻳﻨَْﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮر؟ ِ َإﻟﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ َ ْ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮر َأْم َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻫﻞ ُ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﱠاﻟﺬي ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌِْ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﱞ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ ﻓِﻲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫َْ ْ ُ‬
‫ف َ ُِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﺣِﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻓﻌﻞ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ٌِْ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫ﱞ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫إذا ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِ َ‬‫إذ إِ ﱠن ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺘﻜﻠﻢ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ؛ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َﺳﻨ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ُﻫﻮ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻫﺬا َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺘﻪ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ث َِْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﺤُﺪ َ‬ ‫ِْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل َ ْ‬
‫أﺻﻠﻪ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِدراﺳﺘِﻨَﺎ‪ِ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻷول‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎق َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷول َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮدِ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫وﻣﺠﺮد ِ‬
‫رﺑﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬‫ﻣﺠﺮد ُ َ ِ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ْﻘﺴﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ َ ِ‬
‫ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺣﺮوﻓﻪ َﻋـﻦ َ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد َﻻ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ِْ ُْ‬
‫وﻻ‬‫ﺿـﺮب(‪َ َ ،‬‬‫ﻧﺤـﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ ُ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ِ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫دﺣﺮج(‪ِ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ٍ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬
‫ﻫﺬا ِ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ َ ْ َ‬
‫واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮاء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﻢ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ َ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻓــﺎﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوﻓــﻪ َﻋــﻦ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌــﻼ َ ِ ﱡ‬‫وﺟــﺪَت ِ ْ ً‬ ‫ََِ‬
‫أن‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛــﺔ َ ْ ُ‬
‫أﺣــﺮف؛ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻘــﻞ ُ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﺔ َ ِ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺎﻗﺺ ِ ﱠإﻧﻤﺎ ِ َ ِ ِ ٍ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﱠ ْ ﱠ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ َْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﻨﱠ َ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أوزان ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ﱡ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫أوزان‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻪ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﱡ َ ﱢ‬
‫ﻻزﻣﺎ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﻲء‬
‫وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ِ ً‬
‫وﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪ َ ِ -‬ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﻀﻢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫)َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪َ ،‬و َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻗﺒﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺋﻊ َ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻐﺮاﺋﺰ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪ ِ -‬ﱠإﻻ ِﻓﻲ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫أﻓﻌﺎل ﱠ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ً َ-‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫َو َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻋﻈﻢ‪َ ،‬و َ ُ َ‬
‫وﻣﺘﻌﺪﻳﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻزﻣﺎ َ ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬‫وﻳﺠﻲء َ ِ ً‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ُ َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪ِ ْ َ ِ -‬‬‫)َ ِ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫واﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ َ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮح‪َ ،‬و َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ‪َ ،‬و َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱡ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺰوم‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َْ ُ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫وﻻزﻣﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻳﺎ َ َ ِ ً‬
‫وﻳﺠﻲء ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ُ َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪ِ ْ َ ِ -‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫)َ َ َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺿﺮب‪َ ،‬و َ َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫)َ َ َ‬
‫ﻗﻌﺪ‪َ ،‬و َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮدِ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫أوزان ﱡ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن َ ِ ٌ‬
‫واﺣﺪ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮُد َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وأﻣﺎ ﱡ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬
‫وﺣﺮﺟﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫دﺣﺮج‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬‫)َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮة(‪ً ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻻزﻣﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫دﺣﺮﺟُﺖ ْ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻳﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻳﺠﻲء ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬
‫ََ ُ‬
‫ﺳﺎء ُ ُ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﱠ ُ ُ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻠﻞ(‪:‬‬ ‫ََ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) َ ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻮزن ﻣﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﱠ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ(؛ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء؛ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱠ ِ‬
‫أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻄﺮُت ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذه‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ْ َ ْ‬‫أي‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ َُ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠُﺘﻪ ﺑﻨ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺬُت َ ِ‬
‫َﺎدق َ ً‬
‫ﺻﻐﺎرا‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪َ ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﻦ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺖ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻗ ُ‬‫ﻗﻤﻄﺮا‪ ،‬و) َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ ْ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ ْ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﱠ ِ‬
‫أي‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻳﺘُﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪغ(؛ َ ْ‬‫ﺖ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺮﺑ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫أرﺳﻠُﺘﻪ َﻛﺎﻟﻌَﺜ ِ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻈﻞ‬‫ﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬و) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻛ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أي‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺮ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻘﺮب‪َ ،‬و)َﻋْﺜَﻜْﻠ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ََْ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْﻈﻞ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺠﺮان‬ ‫وﻫﻤﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻌﻪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻨ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻘﻢ َ ْ َ‬
‫أﺷﺒﻪ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أي‪َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻘﻢ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﱠ ُ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮان‪.‬‬ ‫ُﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم(‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء ِﻓﻲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻌُﻞ ﱠ ِ‬
‫إذا‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻔﻠﺖ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﻮب(‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺿﻌُﺖ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺒﻐُﺘُﻪ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻔﺮُت ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎء‪َ -‬و) َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﻔﻞ ‪ َ ِ -‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ ُْ ْ ُِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ِ َ َُ‬
‫أي‪َ َ َ :‬‬
‫أﺻﺎب‬ ‫وﺣﻠﻘﻤﻪ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻗﺒﻪ‪ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲء‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﻗﻮﺑُﻪ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬
‫وﺣﻠﻘﻮﻣُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن َ ً‬ ‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲء‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫آﻟﺔ؛ َﻛـ)َﻋْﺮَﻓَﺼُﻪ‪ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻋﺮﺟﻨﻪ(؛‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ ٌ‬
‫أﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮط‪ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫واﻟﻌﺮﺟﻮن‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺿﺮَﺑ ُﻪ ﺑِْﺎﻟِﻌْﺮَﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎص ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ْاﻟِﻌْﺜَﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺴﻠﺠ ِ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﱠ َ َُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮُه‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء َ ْأو َ ْ ُ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ِ َْ ُ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺮ‪َ) :‬ﺑ ْ َ‬
‫ﺮﻗَﻌُﻪ‬ ‫وﺑﺮﻋﻤ َﻬﺎ‪ُ َ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﺜﺎل ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﺴﺎﻟﻴﺠ َﻬﺎ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أي‪ْ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬
‫أﻇﻬﺮت َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﺮﻋﻤﺖ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫َ َْ َ َ ْ‬
‫أي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺖ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺮﻧﺲ‪َ ،‬و) َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺑﻠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻗﻊ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أي‪ُ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬
‫أﻟﺒﺴﻪ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺮﻧَﺴُﻪ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺑ ْ َ‬
‫ََ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻤﻴﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮ َ ً‬ ‫ََْ ْ‬
‫أﻟﺒﺴُﺘ ُﻪ ْ‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َﻧﻨ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ َ ْأو َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺤﺖ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺖ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬‫اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫ﱠﺤﻮ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﱡل َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ًَ‬
‫واﺣﺪة َ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬
‫ﻋﺒِﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺖ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ) :‬ﻋْﺒَﻘﺴﱞﻲ( َ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أ‪ -‬اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺷﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬و)ﻋﺒَﺸِﻤﻲ( ﻣِﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ ٍ َ َ ْ ﱞ ْ ْ‬
‫ﺳﻢ اﷲِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺑِﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫أي َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻤﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‪ُ ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ٍَ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬
‫ب‪ -‬اﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺤﺖ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻗﻮة ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻗﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي َ َ‬ ‫َو) َ ْ َ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫راﺑﻌﺎ ِ ْﻟﻠ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وزﻧﺎ َ ِ ً‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀُﻬ ْﻢ َ ْ ً‬ ‫َذَﻛَﺮ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ِ ْ ِ -‬‬
‫وﻛﺴﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫)ُ ِ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪ِ -‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‪ َ َ ،،‬ﱠ‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أوزان ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫وأن َ ْ َ َ‬‫أﺻﻠﻲ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﻲ َﻻ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن َ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮاب أن َﻫﺬا َ ْ ْ ﱞ‬
‫ِ ﱠإﻧﻤﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪َ َ ،‬‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻫﻲ َ َ َ ٌ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺎل( َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨُُﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬه‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫أﻟﻔﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ُْ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫واو َأو ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ْﻘﻠﺒﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ َﻏﻴﺮ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ْ َِ‬
‫إﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻫﺬا َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺎء‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ِ َ ،‬‬‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻊ(‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻠَﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺎع(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‪َ ،‬و َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َوْزِن ) َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻮف(‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻠَﻬﺎ ) َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎف(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫وزن ) َﻓﻌـ َِﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪ِ ،‬‬‫ﻟﻌﱠﻠٍﺔ َ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﻟﻔﺎ ِ ِ‬‫ﺒﺖ َ ِ ً‬ ‫وإﻧﻤﺎ ُﻗﻠِ‬
‫وﻫﻲ‬‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل(‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻠَﻬﺎ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ُ ِ ﱞ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ؛ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻓﻬﻢ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠ ُﻪ‪ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻧﻔﺘﺎح َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف ْ ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﺔ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ ُك َ ْ‬ ‫َﺗ َ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨ َُﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ(‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪) :‬ﻣـ ﱠَﺪ( َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وزن )ﻓـ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫أﺻﻠُﻪ‬ ‫َﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻹدﻏﺎم‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ َ ْ َ‬
‫َُْ َ ً‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ ُ َ ً‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ َأ ﱠ َﻧﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺪد(‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫)َ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َوْزِن‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن َ َ‬‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ ُ َ ً‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻞ(‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﻠُﻪ‪َ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫)ﻣـ ﱠَﻞ( َ ْ ُ‬
‫أﻗﻞ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫أي‪َُ :‬ﻗﺒ َﺢ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‬ ‫دﻣﻢ(‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫أﺻﻠُﻪ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫دم(؛ َ ْ‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫)َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ؛ َ ِ ﱠ ِ‬‫ﻓﺎﻋﺮف َ ِ َ‬
‫وﺟﻮدا‪ْ ِ ْ َ .‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ ً‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ُْ‬
‫رﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫وإﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ﱠإﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫وإﻣﺎ َ ْ‬
‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ِ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ﱠإﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ِ َ‬
‫َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع َﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -١‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫أن َﻳﺰاد ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ُْ‬
‫رﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫وإﻣﺎ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ؛ َ َ ُ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ِ ﱠإﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ُ ِ‬ ‫أن َﻳﺰاد ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ َ ِ‬
‫أﺣﺮف؛‬ ‫ﻳﺰاد ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺎﺳﻴﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎن؛ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن َ ِ‬
‫ﺳﺪاﺳﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ََ ُ ُ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ‪:‬‬
‫أﻧﻮاع َﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ُ ِ‬ ‫أن َﻳﺰاد ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ ُْ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺎﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف؛ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ِ ﱠ‬
‫إﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫أن َﻳﺰاد ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱢ ِ‬
‫ﺳﺪاﺳﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎن؛ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪َ ،‬و ِ ﱠ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻴﺮ ِ َ ِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺎﻋﻴﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺰاد ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ »َأْﻟِﻔﱠﻴﺘِِﻪ«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺎﻋﻴﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َﻻ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ‬ ‫َِﱠ‬
‫ﻷن ْ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﻓﻤـﺎ ِﺳـﺘﺎ َ َ‬
‫ﻋـﺪا‬ ‫وإِْن َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺰد ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ‬
‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ـﺎه َأْرﺑَـ ٌﻊ إِْن ُﺟــ ﱢ َ‬
‫ــﺮدا‬ ‫َوُﻣﻨَْﺘَﻬـ ُ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺛﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪِ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫* َْ َ ُ‬
‫أوزان َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼ ﱢ‬
‫وإﻻ‬ ‫اﻷوزان ْ ِ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إﻧﻤﺎ ِﻫﻲ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺮﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺬ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ َﺳﻨَ ْ‬ ‫اﻷوزان ﱠ ِ‬
‫وﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪئ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘْﻴِﺴ ِﻴﺮ َ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎذة‪َ ،‬ﻟْﻢ َﻧْﺬُﻛْﺮ َﻫﺎ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أوزان َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫َﺎك َ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻨ َ‬
‫َُ‬
‫ﺣﺮف َ ِ ٌ‬
‫واﺣﺪ‪ْ َ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫أن َﻳﺰاد ِ ِ‬
‫إﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ِ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫أن ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫َْ‬
‫َ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎن‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ َ ٌ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﺛﺔ َ ْ َ‬
‫أوزانٍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼ َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮف َ ِ ٍ‬
‫واﺣﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻲ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ْ ُِْ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼ ﱡ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰة ْ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أﺣﺴﻦ‪،‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻲ َ ﱠأوﻟﻪ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻌﻞ( ‪ْ َ َ ِ ِ -‬‬ ‫‪َْ) -١‬أﻓ َ َ‬
‫َو َ ْ َ َ‬
‫أﻛﺮم(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪ِ ِ ْ َ ِ -‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻀﻌﻴﻒ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ َ ) -٢‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻛﺮم(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻗﺪم‪َ ،‬و َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ( ‪ِ ِ ِ -‬‬
‫‪َ َ َ ) -٣‬‬
‫واﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫َو َ َ َ‬
‫ﺿﺎرب(‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ َ ْ َ‬
‫أوزانٍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻲ ِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮﻓﻴﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ ِ‬
‫َ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜ َﻼ ﱢ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪َ ،‬و ْ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻧﻔﺘﺢ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ َ َ ْ ) -١‬‬
‫اﻧﻔﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺘﺢ‪َ ،‬و ْ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻗﺘﺪر‪َ ،‬و ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫‪َ َ َ ْ ) -٢‬‬
‫اﻓﺘﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﺳﻮد‪َ ،‬و ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﺑﻴﺾ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬و ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ْ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪ َ ْ ) -٣‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻇﻢ‪َ ،‬و َ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪َ َ َ َ ) -٤‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ َ َ ) -٥‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ َ‬
‫أوزانٍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﺔ َ ْ ُ ٍ‬
‫أﺣﺮف َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻼ َ ِ‬
‫ﺛﻲ ِ َ َ‬‫وﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫َ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼ ﱢ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮج(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ‪َ ،‬و ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫) ْ َْ ََ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫اﻋﺸﻮﺷﺐ‪َ ،‬و ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﺣﻠﻮﻟﻰ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫) َْْ ََ‬
‫اﻓﻌﻮﻋﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫اﻋ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻠﻮط(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ْ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫اﺟﻠﻮذ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫) َْﱠَ‬
‫اﻓﻌﻮل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫واﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻀﺎء‪ َ ،‬ﱡ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻮس«‪ِ :‬اﻻْﺟﻠِ ﱢ ُ‬
‫ﻮاذ‪َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺎﻣ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﻓﻲ »ْاﻟَﻘ ُ‬
‫وذﻫﺎب ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ََ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻳﺎ‪ .‬اﻫـ‬ ‫رﻛﺒﻪ ِ َﺑﻼ ِ َ ٍ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎم َ ْأو ُ ْ ً‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻋﻼه َ ْأو َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺮ‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨُﻘﻪ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻮط ْ َ َ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻔﺎر(‪.‬‬ ‫اﺻ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺎر‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ْ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻓﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫) َْ ﱠ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ْاﺛﻨَﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ِ ﱠإﻧﻤﺎ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫أوزان ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َﻓﻤﺠﻤﻮع َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ََ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬
‫وزﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ َ ْ ً‬
‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ َ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﺎك ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َْْ َﱠ‬
‫اﻷوزان ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺪل َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱡ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻢ أن ُﻫﻨ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺬﻛﺮ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وﺳﻨ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪َ َ ،‬‬‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌ ِﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﺣﺮف َ َ‬ ‫َِ َُ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫أوزان َ ِ ِ‬‫* َْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ﱢ‬
‫وزن َ ِ ٌ‬
‫واﺣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف َ ِ ٌ‬
‫واﺣﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫إذا ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِْ ُْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎن َﻓ َﻠﻪ ْ َ ِ‬
‫وزﻧﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وإذا ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺣﺮج(‪َ ِ َ .‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ) َ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫وﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﺣﺮﻧﺠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) -١‬‬
‫اﻓﻌﻨﻠﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ َ ْ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻃﻤﺄن‪َ ،‬و ْ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻗﺸﻌﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ َ َ ْ ) -٢‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻓﻌﻠﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪِ‪:‬‬ ‫أوزانِ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ َ ْ َ‬
‫وﺗﻔﺎرق ِ َﺑﻬﺎ ْ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‪ُ ِ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫إن ِ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻷوزان ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ َﺗِﺮُد َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِﱠ ْ‬
‫ْاﻟﻤﺠﺮد ِﻣﻦ ﱢ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪.‬‬
‫ُ َﱠ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ َ َ‬‫ﺗﻠﻚ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺬﻛﺮ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻹﻳﺠﺎز‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻢ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﻨ ْ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻓﻌﻞ( َﺗِﺮد ِﻟﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫* ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫‪ ِ -١‬ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﱠ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﻛﺮﻣ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺿُﺘ ُﻪ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮب(؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﺖ ﱠْ َ‬ ‫أﺑﻌ ُ‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫‪ ِ -٢‬ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ذات َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺮورة‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬أﻟﺒ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎرت َ َ‬ ‫أي‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎة(؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﻨﺖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﱠ ْ ُ َ‬
‫وﺟﺪُﺗ ُﻪ َ ِ ً‬
‫ﺑﺨﻴﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﺑﺨﻠُﺘُﻪ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫َِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎدﻓﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪َ َ ُ ْ -٤‬‬
‫ﺻﺎر َ ْ ً‬
‫ﻋﺪﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﺴﻂ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َْ) :‬أﻗ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ِ -٥‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ِﻓﻲ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ(؛‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﺻﺒﺢ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﺎ َ ْأو َ َ ً‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء َ َ ً‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﱡ ُ ُ‬
‫دﺧﻞ ِﻓﻲ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫دﺧﻞ ِﻓﻲ ﱠ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎح‪َ .‬و)َْأﺗَﻬُﻢ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أي‪َ َ َ :‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ِﺗﺮد ِﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫وأﺷﻜﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وذﻋَﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ -٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫وأذﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎن‪ ،‬ﻣِﻨَْﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ِ َ ،‬ﺗﺮد ِ ٍ‬
‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) َ ﱠ َ‬‫* ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮُت‬ ‫أي‪ْ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺖ (؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻓ ُ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ِ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﺖ ْ ِ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮاف‪ِ ِ ،‬‬
‫أي‪َ ُ َ :‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠَ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺖ ﻣِﻨْﻬﺎ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬
‫ﻏﻠﻘﺖ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻷﺑﻮاب(؛‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْﱢ ُ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫أﺑﻮاﺑﺎ َ ِ َ ً‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫أﻏﻠﻘﺖ َ ْ َ ً‬
‫أي‪ْ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ :‬ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺣُﺘُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﱠ ْ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫أزﻟﺖ ِ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰور(؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺪُت ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ ْ‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻫﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪َ :‬ﺗ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻏﺮب(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺷﺮق‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻛﺒﺮ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻞ‪َ ،‬و َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ -٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ ِ َإﻟﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ اﷲ‪ِ ُ ْ ،‬‬
‫واﷲ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫أﻛﺒﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬

‫ﻓﺘﺶ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎع‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬
‫وﻓﺘﺸﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ )َﻓَﻌَﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺮد ) َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ َ -٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) َﻓﺎﻋَﻞ( َ ِﺗﺮد ِﻟﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫* ِ‬
‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ِ َ َ ْ ِ -١‬‬
‫زﻳﺪا(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ) :‬ﺿَﺎرَب َ ﱞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ﺖ ََْْ‬
‫اﻷﺟﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺿﺎﻋﻔ ُ‬ ‫‪ ِ -٢‬ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ِ َ ْ ِ -٣‬‬
‫واﻟﻴﺖ ْ ُ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺿﻮء(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ْ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻻة‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َُ‬
‫وﺟﺎوز‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﺟﺮ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋَﻞ( ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ )َﻓَﻌَﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻲء ) َ َ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ َ َ -٤‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ‬
‫ﺑﺎرك ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻨﻴﺎ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ ِ َ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ورود ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪم ُ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻓﺮ(‪ْ َ .‬أو ُ ْ ً‬
‫َ َ ََ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﻰ ِ ِﺑﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ََ َ‬
‫اﻧﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﺗﺮِد ِﻟﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫* ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪ِ َ َ ِْ -‬‬
‫ﻛﺴﺮُﺗ ُﻪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺴﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺎوﻋﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ‬
‫وﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺘُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫إﺛﺮ ِ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ َ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺻﺮ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل ِ ْ ٍ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻄﺎوﻋﺔ‪ُ ُ ُ :‬‬
‫َ ُْ َ َ َُ‬
‫اﻓﺘﻌﻞ(‪ ،‬ﻳﺮِد ِﻟﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫* ِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) ْ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪ِ َ َ ْ ِ -١‬‬
‫وﻗﺮﺑُﺘ ُﻪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌُﺘ ُﻪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺎوﻋﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ُ َ‬
‫‪ ِ ِ -٢‬ﱢ َ ِ‬
‫اﺗﺨﺬ َ ًَ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺎ‬ ‫أي‪ :‬ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﺪم(؛ َ ْ‬‫زﻳﺪ َ ْ َ ََ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺘﻢ َ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ََ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺗﺨﺎذ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ َ ً‬
‫وﺧﺎدﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻤﺮو(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ِ -٣‬ﱠ َ ِ‬
‫زﻳﺪ َ َ ْ ٌ‬‫اﺧﺘﺼﻢ َ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺎرك‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫أي‪َ َ ْ َ :‬‬
‫أﻇﻬﺮ ْ ُ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺬر(‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬‫ﻇﻬﺎر‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ِ ْ ِ -٤‬‬
‫ﻟﻺ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻛﺤﻞ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫واﻛﺘﺤﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫وارﺗﻘﻰ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬‫رﻗﻰ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ ِ -٥‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫* ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻓﻌﻞ(‪:‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﺳﻮد‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻮان ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل ﱠ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻲء ِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ْ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ -‬‬
‫واﺣﻤﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫َ ْ َﱠ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﺗﺮِد ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫* ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎن‪َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪ِ َ َ ْ ِ -٨‬‬
‫وأدﺑُﺘ ُﻪ َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺄدب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤُﺘ ُﻪ َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺎوﻋﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ُ َ‬
‫ﻒ َِ َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠ َ‬ ‫أي‪َ :‬ﺗ َ ﱠ‬‫ﺗﺼﺒﺮ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺠﻊ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺮم‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ) :‬ﺗَﻜ ﱠ َ‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻟ ِ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬
‫ﻠﺘﻜﻠﻒ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫‪ِ -١٠‬‬
‫ﺐ ْ ََ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮج‬ ‫اﺟَﺘ َﻨ َ‬‫أي‪ْ :‬‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺛﻢ(؛ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮج َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱡﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ‬
‫َ ِْْ َ‬
‫واﻹﺛﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﺐ َ ْ‬
‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺗ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻌﻈﻢ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ) :‬ﺗ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻜﺒﺮ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ِ -١١‬ﱠ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ِ ً‬
‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮا َ َ ً‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬
‫وﺗﻔﻬﻢ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮع ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ ِ -١٢‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪرج‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺗﻮﺳﺪ َ َﻳﺪُه(؛ َ ِ‬
‫أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو َ ِ ً‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪا‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ ِ ِ -١‬ﱢ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺗﺨﺎذ‪،‬‬
‫ٌْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻳﺪُه ِو َ َ ً‬
‫ﺳﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺬه ْاﺑﻨًﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ‬
‫واﺗﺨﺬ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َُ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) َ َﺗﻔﺎﻋَﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﺗﺮِد ِ ٍ ِ‬
‫* ِ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎن‪َ ْ ،‬‬
‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ َ َ ُ ْ -١‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮو َ َ ﱞ‬
‫ﺗﻀﺎرب َ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎﻫَﻞ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺗﻌﺎﻇَﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﱠ َ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫‪ِ َ َ ْ ِ -١‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﺪُﺗ ُﻪ َ َﻓﺘ َ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋَﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ) :‬ﺑ َ ْ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺎوﻋﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﺗﺮِد ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫* ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) ْ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎن‪َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫واﺳﺘﻌﺎن‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﺳﺘﻐﺎث(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﱠ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺻﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﻦ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﺠﺮ ﱢ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺮورة َ ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺤﻮل‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﱠ ْ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼق اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻖ ِ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻞ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺠ َ ُ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻨﻮق ْ َ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮا‪َ ،‬و) ْ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫َ ًَ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﺟﺪُﺗ ُﻪ َ ً‬
‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻈﻤُﺘُﻪ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫أي‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ َ َ ُ ْ -٣‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدﻓﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وإﻧﺎ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﺎ ﷲ َ ِ ﱠ ْ‬
‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫أي‪َ َ :‬‬‫اﺳﺘﺮﺟﻊ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ -٤‬‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ ِ ُ َ‬
‫راﺟﻌﻮن‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ْ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﻗﻤﺘُﻪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺎم(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ َ َ ُ ْ -٥‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎوﻋﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ) :‬اﺳَﺘْﺤَﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ ِ -٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮل‪ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫واﻓﻌﺎل(‪:‬‬ ‫واﻓَﻌ ﱠ َ‬ ‫* ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) ْ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻓﻌﻮﻋﻞ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻷوزان ﱠ َ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨَﻰ َ ِ َ َ ُ ُ‬
‫وزﻳﺎدﺗﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة ْ َ ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﻨًﻰ َواﺣﺪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﺣﻤﺎر‪ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫واﺟﻠﻮذ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋﺸﻮﺷﺐ‪ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫أﺻﻠﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫أوزان ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ ِ ﱠإﻧﻤﺎ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﱠ ِ‬
‫أوزان ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ َ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ -١‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬‫ﻫﻲ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺴﻴﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻌﺮض َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎذة َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻷوزان ﱠ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َِْ ِ ﱠُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺳﺮدﻫﺎ ْ ِ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ْ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪئ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫دون َ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﺎل« ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ » َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬
‫َِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ َ ْ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ِ َ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪات َ َ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺪار ِﻓﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎع ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻮال‪ُ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َْْ َ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮق ِ َﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ْ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺟﻮع ِ َإﻟﻰ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫أﻓﻮاه ا ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮب‪ َ ،‬ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮد‪ْ َ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ِ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ِ ُ ﱢ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ْ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم َ ْ‬
‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫‪َ -٣‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫أﻗﺴﻢ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ُْ‬
‫وأﻟﻔﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُدون ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ََْ َ َ‬
‫وأرﺳﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎق َ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ﻔﻬﻢ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ُﺗ ْ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫أوزان ْ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻧِﻲ َ َ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫‪َ َ ُ َ ْ َ -٤‬‬
‫زاﺋﺪ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮف َ ِ ٌ‬
‫أن ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق ِ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ُ -٥‬ﻫﻨ َ‬
‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺎك ُ ُ ٌ َ ْ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫َﺎﻫﺎ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺴﻴﺮ َ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ُ ُ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫أرﺑﺎب َ َ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ‪َ ْ ِ َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺮاﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أراد َ ْ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫ََ َ‬
‫‪aA‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷول‪ِ ِ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫َْْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ُْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ِﺑﻪ ْ ُ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﱠ ُ ُ‬
‫َﺎء ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ‬ ‫َﺎء ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑِﻨ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ َ ْ‬‫وﺟﺐ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع؛ َ َ َ‬ ‫أردت ﺑِﻨ َ‬‫إذا َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ُ َ ِ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‪َ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ََْ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋﺎ َ ْ ً ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫وﺗﺴﻤﻰ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻷﺣﺮف‪َ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬
‫أﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﻳﺖ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْﻧﺄﺗﻲ(‪ َ ُ َ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫)ََأﻧْﻴ ُ‬
‫ْاﻟُﻤَﻀَﺎرَﻋِﺔ«‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﺢ ِ ِﺑﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف ْ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻓﻲ َ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﱠ َِ ُ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ‬ ‫رﺑﺎﻋﻲ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ِ‬
‫أردت ﺑِﻨ ََﺎء ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫زدت َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﻫﺬا ِ َﺑﻼ ِ َ ٍ‬
‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮم(‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺣﺮج‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وأﻛﺮم‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫دﺣﺮج‪ُ ِ ْ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫َْ ِ‬

‫ﺳﺪاﺳﻲ؛ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺎﺳﻲ َأو َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ َأو ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ِﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬

‫زدت‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫أردت ﺑِﻨ ََﺎء ْ ُ َ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ َِ‬
‫وإذا َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫وﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫وﺿﺮَب َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺼﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼَﺮ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ َ ُ َ‬
‫واﻧﻄﻠﻖ َ ْ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺗَﻞ َ َ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺪﺣﺮَج‬‫وﺗ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﺟﺘﻤﻊ َ ْ َ ُ‬‫ﻳﺘﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺗ َ َ‬ ‫ََ َﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وإﻻ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ ُﻫﻮ َ ْأﻓﺼﺢ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫وﻫ َﺬا ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺪﺣﺮج‪َ َ ،(...‬‬ ‫َََ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜَﻤﺎﻧِﻴﻨِﱡﻲ )ت‪:‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم ُﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ْ ِ َ ُ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُﻧِﻘ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ » َﺷﺮح ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ« )ص‪.(٢٩٧-٢٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٤٤٢‬ﻫـ( ﻓﻲ َ ِ ْ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َ ْﻗﺒ َﻞ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ْ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻓﻲ َ ِ‬
‫ََ‬ ‫ﱠ َِ ُ‬
‫ﻛﺎن َﻏﻴﺮ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪوءا‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫وﻟﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْْ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪوءا ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺮه‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎء ﱠ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫وﺟﺐ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة؛ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة وﺟﺐ َ ْﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺎ َﻗﺒَﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫وﻳﻜﺮم‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬
‫وﻳﻘﺪم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺣﺮج‪ُ ِ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ِ ْ َ ُ ) :‬‬ ‫آﺧﺮه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺪﺣﺮج‪ َ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫وﻳﺘﻘﺪم‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة‪ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎء ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫وﻣﺜﺎل َﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮج(‪ُ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ُ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََُ ُِ‬
‫َ َََ َ ُ‬
‫وﻳﺘﻘﺎﺗﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎر َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎء ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ َ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻋﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮف ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑِﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺬف ْ‬ ‫ﱠ َُِ َ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ‪،‬‬‫اﺷﺘﻘﺎق ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﻞ( ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎء ) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻤﺰة ِﻣﻦ ﺑِﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺬف ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ ُ -١‬‬
‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎع َ ْ َ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻘﺎل ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺬف ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ(‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻛﺮم‪ِ ُ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‪ُ) :‬أ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ََُ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫رﻋﺔ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎ َ ِ‬
‫أﺣﺮف ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻠﺖ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫أول ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪﺗﻴﻦ ِﻓﻲ َ ﱠ ِ‬‫َ ِ َ َْ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺴﻦ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﺤﺴﻦ‪ُ ْ ُ -‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮم‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮم‪ُ ِ ْ ُ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻤﺰة‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﺳﻮاء‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ً َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ِ َ‬ ‫واو ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف َ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ ُ -٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺮث(‪ْ َ ،‬أم‬ ‫وورث‪ُ ِ َ -‬‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‪ِ َ -‬ﻳﻠﻲ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺎن ْ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻮرَﻫﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ َﻣْﻜُﺴ َ‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫وﻗﻰ‪ِ -‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪ‪َ -‬ﻳ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻮﺣَﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ﺎن َﻣْﻔُﺘ َ‬
‫َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺴﺎﻛِﻨ َِﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء ْ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫َْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺬف ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻘﺎل ْ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫أﺣﺮف ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬‫ﺣﻤﻠﻮا َﻏﻴﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ُْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮة‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﺗﻬﻤﺎ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ف َ َُْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺤﺬ‬ ‫رأى( ُﺗ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺮ ﻣِْﻦ ) َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ ِ َ ُ ْ -٣‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪َ َ ) :‬ﻳﺮى ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِْْ ِ‬
‫ره(‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‪َ ،‬و َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ َﻣﺎ َﻻ َ َﻳﺮى ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺰوم ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﻌﻒ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ -٤‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻣﻀﺎرﻋُﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫رﻓﻊ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ ﱠﻳﺘ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪:‬‬‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ َ ْ ٍ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻤﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻞ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻹدﻏﺎم‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ْ ِ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ‪َ -‬ﻛﻨ ِ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺪ(‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ُﻮن‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ َ ْ ٍ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻤﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻞ ِ ِ َ‬‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ ُ َ -‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺪ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ ُ َ -‬ﱡ‬ ‫)َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺪدن(‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﺪدن‪َ ْ ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺪدن‪َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪدن‪َ ْ ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ْ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫وﺟﺐ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻚ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱢﺴﻮة‪َ َ َ -‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺰوم ِ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ْ َ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻮز ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮن َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻀﺎرع ْ َ ْ ُ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﻤ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬
‫وﻻ َ ُ ﱠ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺪد(‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪ ُ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ ُ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﺷﺪد‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ِْ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻹدﻏﺎم‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻛﺎن ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮر ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪َ ِ -٥‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﻀﻌﻔﺎ ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ِإﺳﻨ ِ ِ‬
‫َﺎده ِ َإﻟﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻻﻣﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِﺟﻨ ٍ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْﺲ َواﺣﺪ‪ ِ َ -‬ﱠ ُ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨ ُُﻪ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ‬
‫وﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫أوﺟﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻠﺖ(‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﺬه ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ْ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫أ‪ْ َ -‬‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َﺗﺎﻣﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬
‫ََْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب‪.‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ِ َإﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ب‪ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻞ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺬوف ْ َ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬
‫أﻫﻞ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﺖ(‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﺬه ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠﺎز‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ ْ ) :‬‬‫اﻟﻔﺎء‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ َ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﱠﻘﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺬوف ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﺗﺮك اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟـ‪ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ َ ِﺑﻨﻲ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﺖ(‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﺬه ُ َ ُ‬ ‫) َْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ »َأْﻟِﻔﱠﻴﺘِِﻪ«‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫َ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ـــﺖ‬ ‫ـــﺖ ﻓ ِــــﻲ َ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻇﻠﻠـ ُ‬ ‫ـــﺖ َ ْ‬
‫وﻇﻠـ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﻠـ ُ‬‫ِْ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪ِ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺰوم ِ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋﻪ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮف ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف َﻋﻴﻦ ْ َ ِ‬

‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ -٦‬‬
‫وﺧﺎف(‪ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫وﺑﺎع‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل ِﻓﻲ ) َ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺬف َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺑﻊ(‪َ ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺧﻒ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻞ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻊ‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻢ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻞ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻒ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺮ؛ ِ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻀﺎرع َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ َ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮف ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫اﺗﺼﻞ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫إذا ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺎت ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻴﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻠﻦ َﻳﺎ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻠﻦ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ ُ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻀﺎرعِ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ِ :‬ﻓﻲ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ ﱠ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺟﻮه ُﻣ َ ِ‬ ‫َْْ َ ُ‬

‫ﻋﻴﻨ َُﻪ‬ ‫ﻷن َ ْ‬ ‫أوﺟﻪ؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬

‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻲء َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫أن ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓَﺖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫أن ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮﻣَﻬﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َﻣْﻀُﻤ َ‬ ‫ﺎرﻋُﻪ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ َ ُْ َ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وأن ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋُﻪ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻮر ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻮﺣَﻬﺎ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َﻣْﻔُﺘ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮم ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وأن ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮﻣَﻬﺎ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻻ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ َﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ﻀ‬‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬‫ﻮرَﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬‫َ ْأو َﻣْﻜُﺴ َ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫رﻋُﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮم ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﺮة ِﻓﻲ ُ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ِ َ ْ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫وردت ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ َ ٍ‬
‫أوﺟﻪ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬه ﱠ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫َ ِِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ ً ِ‬ ‫ﱡَ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ْ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻀ َﻬﺎ َ ْ َ ُ ْ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻘﺪم ﻣﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ َﺗ َ ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َََ ﱠ ُ‬
‫وﻳﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﱠ‬
‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ِ ﱠ ٌ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﻀﺎرع ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫أﺑﻮاب ُﻣ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬
‫‪ َ -١‬ﱠ‬

‫َﻳْﻜ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺮم‬ ‫ﺮم‬
‫َﻛ ُ َ‬ ‫َﻧْﺤُﻮ‬ ‫َْ ُُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪َ ُ َ -١‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮح‬ ‫َ َِ‬
‫ﻓﺮح‬ ‫َﻧْﺤُﻮ‬ ‫َْ َُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪َ ِ َ -٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺮث‬ ‫َو ِ َ‬
‫رث‬ ‫َﻧْﺤُﻮ‬ ‫َْ ُِ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪َ ِ َ -٣‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ﺮب َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب‬ ‫َﺿ َ َ‬ ‫َﻧْﺤُﻮ‬ ‫َﻳْﻔ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪َ َ َ -٤‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫َﻳ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﻧ َ َ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‬ ‫َﻧْﺤُﻮ‬ ‫َْ ُُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻓ َ َ‬
‫ﻌﻞ‬

‫َﻳ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َﻧْﺤُﻮ‬ ‫َْ َُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪َ َ َ -٦‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪ْ َ ،‬ﺑﻞ ِ ﱠ‬
‫إن‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺬ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ ِ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮد‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎس ُ ﱠ ِ ٌ‬
‫‪َ -٢‬ﻟﻴﺲ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺬه ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻮال َ ٌ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬
‫أو اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻇﻬﺎ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎع ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺪار ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﱠﻘﻞ‬ ‫وﺣﱠﻔ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠ َ ِ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺒﻂ َ‬‫ْ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ْ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺟﻢ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎح« ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻮﻫﺮي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼَﺤ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮق ِ َﺑﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ» ﱢ‬‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻻﺑﻦ َﻣﻨ ُ ٍ‬
‫ْﻈﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫ب« ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎن ْاﻟَﻌَﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎدي‪ ،‬و» ِ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫وزآﺑ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس ْاﻟُﻤﺤﻴﻂ« ﻟْﻠَﻔْﻴُﺮ َ َ‬ ‫َو» ْ َ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﱡ َ ِ ِ‬‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺑﻮاب ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺒﻂ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺿَﻊ ْ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪َ َ -٣‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻪ ِ َ ْ َ‬
‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺮَن َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﻲ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﻷن َﺗ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ َ َ َ ِ ُ‬
‫وﻗﻮاﻋﺪ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ِﻫﻲ َ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺟﻊ ِ َإﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻤﺎﺛﻠﻬﺎ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪ُ ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ) َ ُ َ‬ ‫أ‪َ -‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ( ِﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ َﻻ ِ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﺷﻲء‪.‬‬‫ﻳﺸﺬ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ) َ ْ ُ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ُ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ(‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وزن )َﻓ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل َ ِ َ‬
‫َِ ُ‬
‫ﻇﺮف َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻈﺮف‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺮف َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺮف َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺮم َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻜ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺮم‬
‫َُ َ‬

‫ﺑﺎب ) َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪ُ َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫ب ‪َ -‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ( ‪ِ ْ َ ِ -‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ) َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ( ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع )َﻓ ِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل َ ِ َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ُ َ ِ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨ َِﻲ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ َ ْ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ ِ ﱠ َ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺎﻟﻒ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ً ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫َْْ ِ‬
‫َ َِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﻮد‬
‫ََ ﱡ‬ ‫ود‬
‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻳ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻔﺮح‬ ‫ﻓﺮح‬ ‫َﻳ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻳ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ‬
‫َﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺸﺮب‬ ‫َﺷ ِ َ‬
‫ﺮب َﻳ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ََِ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫وﺗﻮاﺑﻌِﻪ‪ِ َ ِ ِ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮح َ َ َ ِ َ ْ‬
‫واﻻﻣﺘﻼء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب َﻣﺎ َدﱠل َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ َ َ‬
‫َ َْ ُ‬
‫واﻟﺨﻠﻖ ﱠ ِ ِ‬‫َِِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻴﻮب‪ِ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻠﻮ‪ِ ْ َ ْ ،‬‬
‫واﻷﻟﻮان َ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ ْ ُُﱢ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫أﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻃﺮب‬ ‫َﻓ ِ َ‬
‫ﺮح‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫َ ِ َ‬
‫روي‬ ‫َﺷﺒَِﻊ‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬
‫ﺣﺰن‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻏﻀﺐ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺻﺪي‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻇﻤﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺶ‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َِ‬
‫ﻋﻮر‬ ‫َ َِ‬
‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻛﺤﻞ‬
‫َِ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻲ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َِ َ‬
‫ﻫﻴﻒ‬ ‫ََِ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺪ‬ ‫َﺟ ِ َ‬
‫ﻬﺮ‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎس ُ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ(‪ْ َ :‬‬‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ) َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺟـ‪َ -‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫َﺎك َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫أن ُﻫﻨ َ‬ ‫ْﺒﻐﻲ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أﻓﻌﺎﻻ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ) َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ َ َ‬ ‫)َ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﺷﺬت َ ْ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ َ َ‬
‫وﻫَﻤﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻴﻦ‪ُ َ ،‬‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻗْﺴٌﻢ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ُ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ‪ْ َ .‬‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﺴﺐ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻳْﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﺐ‬
‫َﻳْﺤ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻐﺮ‬‫َﻳ ُ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﻮ َ ُ‬
‫ﻏﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﺮ‬
‫َو َ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻳ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬
‫َﻳْﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬
‫َو َ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ َ ْ‬
‫وﺟﻪ َواﺣﺪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻗْﺴٌﻢ َ َ‬
‫وﻣﻦ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫َِﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺮث‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬
‫ورث‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َُِ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻖ‬ ‫َ َِ‬
‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫َُِ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻖ‬ ‫َ َِ‬
‫وﻣﻖ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺼﺮ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪ُ ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ َ َ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺮ‪ُ ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎب ) َ َ َ‬ ‫د‪َ -‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ِﻫﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ِ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع َ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺲ ِﻓﻲ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْاﻟﺒﺎب ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫وﺗﺮﺟﻊ ِ َإﻟﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ َ ٍ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع‪:‬‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮف ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻮاوي‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ -١‬‬
‫َﻳ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮم‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫َﻳ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮل‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻗﺺ ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻮاوي‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫َﻳْﺴُﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َﻳ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻐﺰو‬ ‫ﻏﺰى‬‫ََ‬ ‫ﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫َﻳ ْ ُ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ‬
‫ََ‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪي‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ َ ُ ْ -٣‬‬
‫ﺰه‬
‫َﻳُﺠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺰه‬
‫َ ﱠُ‬ ‫َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬
‫ﻘﺪُه‬ ‫َﱠُ‬
‫ﻗﺪه‬ ‫ﻤﺪُه‬
‫َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺪه‬
‫َﱠُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫أﻓﻌﺎل‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ْ‬
‫وﺷﺬت ِ‬
‫َ َ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬‫أ‪ -‬ﻗْﺴٌﻢ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ َ َ‬
‫أﺣﺪﻫَﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ‬
‫وﺟﻬﻴﻦ‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﻗْﺴٌﻢ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ََ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬَﻤﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ ِ ٌ‬
‫واﺣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ َ‬
‫اﻷول‪َ ُ َ :‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺴﻢ ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫َ ْ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺐ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺐ‪ ُ -‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ) َ ﱠ‬
‫َ ُ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻢ ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ْ ْ ُ‬‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‪َ ،‬وﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫أﻓﻌﺎل َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺷﺎذ‪ِ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ﱞ‬‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻞ‬ ‫َُﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻞ‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻞ‬ ‫َ ِﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺮ‬
‫َُﱡ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
‫َﱠ‬
‫َِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺖ‬
‫َُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺖ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫َِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺪ‬ ‫َُ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺪ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﺷﱠﺞ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺞ‬
‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫َُ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻢ‬
‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻢ‬
‫َُ ﱡ‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ﻧﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺸﺮط َ ﱠأﻻ َ ُ َ‬‫واﻟﻤﻔﺎﺧﺮ ِة‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﺎ ﱠ ِ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﺒﺔ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل َ َ‬ ‫دل َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل َ ِ َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻼم‪ُ َ ِ ،‬‬
‫أو ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺋﻲ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واوي ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء‪َ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬
‫أﻛﺮﻣﻪ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻣ ِﻨﻲ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﻣﺘُﻪ؛ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺿﺮﺑﻪ(‪َ ،‬و) َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫)َﺿَﺎرَﺑﻨ ِﻲ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺘُﻪ؛ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬
‫أﺻﺮﻋﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎرﻋ ِﻨﻲ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺮﻋﺘُﻪ؛ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﺨﺮه(‪َ ،‬و) َ َ َ‬‫ﻓﺄﻧﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬‫ﻓﻔﺨﺮﺗُﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫و) َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺧﺮﻧﻲ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺿﺮب‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ‬
‫ﻫـ ‪َ -‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ َ ٍ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ِﻓﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻮاوي‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬ ‫َُِ‬
‫ﻳﺜﺐ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫وﺛﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺰن‬ ‫وزن‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ‬
‫َ ََ‬
‫اﻷﺟﻮف ْ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫َْْ َ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎﺋﱡﻲ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻴﺮ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫َِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎع‬
‫َ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ْ َ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻗﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺮى َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺮي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫رﻣﻰ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻼزم‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ُْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫َِﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻞ‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ﻗﻞ‬ ‫َ ِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺨﻒ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺧﻒ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻪ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺬ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫أﻓﻌﺎل َ ِ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻢ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪،‬‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬
‫َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬
‫ﺬر‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ذر‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺐ‬
‫ﻫﺐ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬
‫ﺠﻞ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﺮ‬
‫َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬
‫َﱠ‬
‫َﻳُﺆﱡح‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫أح‬ ‫ﻜﺮ َأﱠب َﻳُﺆﱡب‬
‫ﻛﺮ َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬
‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫َُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ ‪ِ ُ -‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻀﻢ ‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪ َ -‬ﱠ ﱡ‬‫وﻫﻮ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﻴﻦ‪َ َ ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬‫َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ُ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ‪ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أث َﻳﺌِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺼﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ َ ِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮ َ ُ ﱡ‬
‫َﱠﺗﺮ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺚ َﻳُﺆ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪ َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺨﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺬ َﻳ ِ ﱡ‬
‫ﺸﺬ َﻳ ُ ﱡ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ َﻳ ِ ﱡ‬
‫ﺨﺮ َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬
‫ﺧﺮ َﻳ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺸﺬ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺠﺪ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫وﻻ َﻳﻘﺎس َ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎذ ُ ْ َ ُ‬
‫َ ﱠ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻔﻆ‪ْ ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎس ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻫﺬا ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪ُ َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ(‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫و‪ُ ْ َْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﱠ ُ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮوف ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َأو َﻻﻣﻪ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ ْ ْ ِ ْ ُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن َ ْ ُ‬ ‫)َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﺨﺎء‪ُ َ ِ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻴﻦ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﺤﺎء‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻌﻴﻦ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻬﺎء‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﻤﺰة َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻲ‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﱠِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬‫َِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﺐ‬
‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫دﻋﺐ‬
‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﺘﺢ‬ ‫َْﻳﻔ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻓَﺘَﺢ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺤﺐ‬
‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ذﻫﺐ‬
‫َﻳْﻘَﺮُأ‬ ‫َﻗَﺮَأ‬ ‫َﻳْﺒَﺪُأ‬ ‫َﺑَﺪَأ‬
‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻬﺚ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻌﺖ‬
‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺪح‬
‫ََْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺪح‬
‫ََ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻔﺢ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺢ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ََُْ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬
‫َََ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺮع‬
‫َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺮع‬
‫َ َ َ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل َﻋﻴ ُﻨﻬﺎ َأو َﻻﻣﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬

‫أﺣﺮف ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻠﻖ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎك َ ْ َ ٌ ْ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻨ َ‬‫َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬا ْ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ ْ‬
‫َُُْ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻌﺪ‬ ‫َ ََ‬
‫ﻗﻌﺪ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ َ َ َ‬‫رﺟﻊ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬

‫ﻤﻊ‪.‬‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻔﻆ َ َ‬
‫َُﻓﻴ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﺳ َ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬‫ﺷﺮوط‪ِ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮط ِ َ َ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺬا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ُ َ َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺷﺮوط َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎ َﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ َ -١‬ﱠأﻻ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ َ ً ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ َ ً‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺪاه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻌ ﱠ ُ‬
‫وﺿﻢ ُ َ‬
‫ﻻزﻣﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱢ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻪ‬ ‫دﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫َُ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫َﱠُ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮة‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ْﻬﻢ ﱡاﺗﺒَِﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ ُ ِ َ‬
‫اﺷﺘﻬﺮ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻛﺴﺮ ُه َﻋﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ َ -٢‬ﱠأﻻ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ َ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺿﻊ‬
‫َْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫رﺿﻊ‬ ‫َْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫رﺟﻊ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺔ‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻌﺮب ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ْﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ ُ ِ َ‬
‫اﺷﺘﻬﺮ َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱠأﻻ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ْاﻟ َ َ ِ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺔ ﱡاﺗﺒِ َﻊ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫َ ُْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﻊ‬ ‫َََ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻊ‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻔﺦ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺦ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ِﻓﻲ» َ َ َ‬ ‫* َ ٌَِ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‪َ ِ :‬‬
‫دواﻋﻲ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫دواﻋﻲ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ« َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫إذا َ ْ‬
‫ﺟﺎز ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﺮ ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﻢ؛ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮ َ ْأو َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘ ِ ْ‬
‫وﻟﻢ َ ْ َ‬‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ؛ َ َ ْ‬‫دواﻋﻲ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ‬‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪َ ِ َ َ .‬‬‫أو ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ‪ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫَﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﺟﻬﺎن‪ُ َ ،‬‬‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮش َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮش‬ ‫ﻋﺮش َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫َ ُُْ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻞ‬ ‫َﻳ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻞ‬‫َََ‬

‫ﻳﻐﺮف َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻐﺮف‬ ‫ﻏﺮف َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻠﺐ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻠﺐ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺐ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﺎل« )ص‪َ (١٢٦ -١٢٣‬ﻧﺤﻮ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ ْاﻷَْﻗَﻔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ » َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬
‫ذﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻬﻴﻦ‪ِ ْ َ ْ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب ِ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأرﺑﻌﻴﻦ ِ ً ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻀﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ ﱠ‬‫َََْ َ ْ‬
‫واﷲ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ْ َ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫ﺣﺬف َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺰوم‪َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻓْﻌُﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻷﻣﻮر ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮق ﺳﻨَﻌ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ْ َ َِ ِ‬
‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠأوﻟﻪ‪َ ْ َ ٍ ُ ُ ِ ،‬‬
‫ﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ْ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ ْ‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ َﻻ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫أن ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻮال‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻠﻮ َ‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎغ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱠاﻟﺬي ُ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫َْْ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠَ َِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪا ِ َﺑﻬْﻤَﺰِة ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ ِ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ِ‬
‫وزن‬‫اﻟﻘﻄﻊ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎ َ ِ ً‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ْ ً ُ َ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِﱠ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﻛﺮم(‪.‬‬ ‫)َ ْ َ َ‬
‫أﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫وزن )َأ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ َ َ‬
‫ُْ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﱠﻮع َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َأ ْ ْ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻛﺮم‬ ‫َأ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻛﺮم‬
‫َأ ِ ْ‬
‫دﺧﻞ‬ ‫َأ ْ َ َ‬
‫دﺧﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َأ ْ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫َأ ْ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ِ‬
‫َ ََ‬
‫ﻫﺬا َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺬي َ ِﻳﻠﻲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ف ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ْ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ِﱠ‬
‫وإﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َ َِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺪﺣﺮج‬
‫َََ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُِ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺤﺬف ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﺗ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أدوات ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰم‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺪﺧُﻞ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﱠﻮع ُﺗ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َ َِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫َ ِْ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ُ َ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫ﻗﻢ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻟﻢ َ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻢ‬

‫َ َﱠ ْ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ َ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺣﺮج‬
‫ََ َْ ْ‬ ‫َﻟ ْﻢ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺪﺣﺮج‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ِ‬
‫َ ََ‬
‫ﻫﺬا َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﱠاﻟﺬي َﻳﻠﻲ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ْ َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ِﱠ‬
‫وإﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ِ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺔ َ ْ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺘﻠﺐ َﻫ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﻮع َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱡﻄﻖ ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﻞ ِ َﺑﻬﺎ ﻟ ِﻠﻨ ْ ِ‬
‫وﺻﻞ؛ ِ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ٍ‬
‫ْ ِ ْ‬
‫اﺿﺮب‬ ‫ْ ِ ْ‬
‫ﺿﺮب‬ ‫ﻟﻢ َ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب‬
‫ْ ُ ْ‬
‫ادﺧﻞ‬ ‫ْ ُ ْ‬
‫دﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ َ ْ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬

‫َْ ْ‬
‫اﻓﺮح‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﻓﺮح‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮح‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻟﻢ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮح‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰة ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺤﺮ ُك َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫وﺗ َ ﱠ‬
‫َُ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺎ ِ َ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﻀﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎن َ ِ ُ‬
‫إن َ َ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰُة ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ُﺗَﻀ ﱡﻢ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫أﺻﻠﻴﺔ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻻزﻣﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫َ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ُْ ُ ْ‬
‫اﺷﺮف‬ ‫َْ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮف‬ ‫ُ ُْ ْ‬
‫اﻛﺮم‬ ‫َ ُْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺮم‬ ‫ُْ ُ ْ‬
‫ادﺧﻞ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻜﺴ ُﺮ ِ ْ‬
‫إن َ َ‬ ‫وﺗ ْ َ‬
‫َُ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮة َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫َِ ْ َ ْ ﱠ‬
‫أﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِْاﻓَﺘْﺢ‬
‫َْ ْ‬
‫اﻓﺮح‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮح‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َْ ْ‬
‫اذﻫﺐ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ْ ِ ْ‬
‫اﺿﺮب‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺮب‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬

‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡﻄﻖ ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺖ ِ ُﻟﻴ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺘﻮﺻﻞ ِ َﺑﻬﺎ ِ َإﻟﻰ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻠِ‬ ‫وﻫﻤﺰة ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َُْ‬
‫َ‬
‫أﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻘﻂ ِﻓﻲ د ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاء ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻬﻄﺎوي ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ا ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ف«‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »َﻧْﻈُﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫َﻛَﺤْﺬﻓَِﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ َدْرِﺟَﻬﺎ َﻣـَﻊ ْاﻟَﻜِﻠـْﻢ‬ ‫ﻮﺗَﻬـﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِاﻻْﺑـﺘَِـﺪا َﻗـِﺪ ْاﻟُﺘـِـﺰْم‬
‫ُﺛُﺒ ُ‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ْ َ ْ ِ‬‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻛﺎن َ ِ ُ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬‫َِ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺎ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﱢاﺗﺼﺎﻟِِﻪ ِ ِ‬
‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺮأ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎء‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرا ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺻﺎر َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﺰا‪َ -‬ﻳْﻐُﺰو«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬‫»ََ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺎز ِﻓﻲ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰة ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻏِﺰي«؛ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫أوﺟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ » :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ؛ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫أﻓﺼﺢ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪» :‬اْﻏِﺰي«‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎل‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أ – ْ َ ُْ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻤ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎم ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫ِْ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻞ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﺤﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرا ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ ِ ﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ؛ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ب‪ُ َ ْ ِ -‬‬
‫إﺷﻤﺎم ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أﻓﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ» :‬اْﻏِﺰي«‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرا ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺺ؛ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺟـ ‪ -‬ﱠ ﱡ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻃﺮأ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎن َ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪َ ِ -٤‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬‫ﺣﻴﺚ ْاﻷَ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرا ْ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬
‫ً ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ؛ َ َ ِ‬
‫َِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ ِ ﱢ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻟﻪ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻋﺘﺪادا‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻤﺰة َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻮاو ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ﱡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺔ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫رﻣﻮا(‪.‬‬‫ﻣﺸﻮا‪ُ ،‬ا ْ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ) :‬ا ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺘﺒ ْﺮ ِ ﱠ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻢ ُﻳ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ َْ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻞ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﻮز ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ْ َ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬أﻣﺮ ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬
‫واﻣﺪد(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪ‪ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ُ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِْ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻹدﻏﺎم‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻻﻣﻪ ‪ِ -‬ﻋﻨ َْﺪ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻹدﻏﺎم‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎز ِﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮم ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋُﻪ َ ْ ُ َ‬‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬
‫ََ َُ ْ ُ‬
‫أوﺟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺎ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺪ(‪.‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ُ ) :‬ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ‪ ،‬ا ْ َ ً َ َ‬‫ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫اﻟﻔ ْ ِ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ِ ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺪ(‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻟﺨﻔﺔ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ُ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َْْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘُﺢ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ُ ) :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ َأو ﻣْﻜﺴﻮرَﻫﺎ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫وﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ْ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺟﺎز ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋُﻪ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬
‫ََ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ِ) :‬ﱠﻓﺮ‪َ ،‬و َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﺾ(‪.‬‬ ‫َْْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻋﺾ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ِ) :‬ﱢﻓﺮ‪َ ،‬و َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ ْ -٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫أﻣﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ِ ،‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ِﻓﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺬت َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎك َ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫أﻓﻌﺎل َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َﺗﻨْ ِ ٌ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻪ‪ُ :‬ﻫﻨ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ْﻄﺒﻖ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ َﺗﻨ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ(؛ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬه ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﺧﺬ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َََ َ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎل ِﻓﻲ‬
‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎن ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ُ َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻷن َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﱠ َِ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺷﺬت‪ِ ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أواﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪) :‬اْؤﻣﺮ‪ ،‬اْؤُﺧْﺬ‪ ،‬اْؤُﻛْﻞ(‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ِِ َ‬
‫وﺧﺎﻟﻔﺖ ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس؛‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨ َﱠﻬﺎ َ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫أﻣﺮ(‪ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وأُﻣْﺮ(‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل ﻓﻲ ) َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬‫ﺧﺬ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎرت َ َ ُ‬
‫أواﻣﺮَﻫﺎ‪ُ) :‬ﻣْﺮ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪.﴾¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡﴿ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ َ َ‬‫َ َ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا ُوِﺟ َﺪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻣُﻪ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎم ْ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺬف ْ َ ِ ُ‬
‫أو‬ ‫أو ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ِﺑﻪ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ َ ُ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ ُ‬
‫أﺣﻜـﺎم ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋـﺐ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫َ ِ‬
‫وﻳﻌﻄﻰ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺠﺮور‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮف‪ِ َ ،‬‬
‫أو ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠْ ُ‬
‫ﺣﺬﻓِِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪم َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺟﻮاز َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺧﺮ َﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ووﺟﻮب اﻟ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‪ِ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‪ِ ُ ُ :‬‬
‫ﻟﺰوم ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴـﺮة‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫أﺟﻠﻬـﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ َ ْ ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺬف ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﻷﻏﺮاض ﱠ ِ‬
‫َ ََْْ ُ‬
‫وﻫـﻲ ُ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺗـﺪرس‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ـﺎم ﱠاﻟﺘِــﻲ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓِــﻲ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠـ ُـﻖ ِ ْ ْ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـ ِ‬
‫ـﻞ‬ ‫وإﻧﻤــﺎ َﻧـْﺬُﻛُﺮ ‪ُ-‬ﻫﻨَــﺎ‪َ ْ َ ْ -‬‬
‫اﻷﺣﻜـ َ‬ ‫ـﺐ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺤـ ِـﻮ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻛﺘـ ِ‬
‫ـﺮأ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺣﻴـ ِـﺔ اﻟـ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠاﻟـ ِـﺬي ﻳﺒﻨَــﻰ ِ ْﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬـ ِ ِ‬
‫ـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ ﻣـ ْ‬‫ﻳﻄـ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻣــﺎ َ ْ‬‫ـﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬‫ﱠ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ـﻦ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ـﻮل ﻣـ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺘﻪ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫َْ ﱠ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ ٍ‬
‫ﱡَ‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْاﻟﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُ ْﻳﺒﻨَﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أن ْ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ْ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ِ ﱠ َ‬
‫إﻧﻤﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫َْْ‬
‫ﻷن ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ َﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ُ ْﻳﺒﻨَﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِْ ُْ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ‪ِ ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ُ َ َ‬
‫إذا َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎ‪ً ِ ،‬‬‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ً‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃ ٍ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ َوا ْ ِ ْ ِ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب َ ٌ ِ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ِ ْ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺐ ُ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﱠ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻵن‪َ َ ْ َ ْ -‬‬ ‫وإﻟﻴﻚ ‪َ ْ -‬‬ ‫َ َِ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْﺗﺒﻨَﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﱠ ِ‬
‫ْ َْ َ ِ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻴﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬أو‬ ‫أول ْ ِ ِ ِ‬‫‪ُ-١‬ﻳَﻀ ﱡﻢ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻛﺎن َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻢ َ ُ ُ َ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ ُ ) :‬‬
‫ﺿﺮب‪ُ َ ْ ُ -‬‬ ‫ُ َ ِ ً‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻜَﺴ ُﺮ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻴﺎ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬
‫آﺧﺮه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ً‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫) ُ ِ َ‬
‫ﺿﺮب(‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺘﺢ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ِ ً‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫آﺧﺮه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋﺎ ُﻳ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب(‪.‬‬
‫)ُ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪِة‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎوﻋﺔ ‪ -‬ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎء ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺎء ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺘﺤﺎ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺴﺮ‪َ ِ ْ ُ ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻮﻓﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‪َ ِ ْ ُ ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﺣﺮج‪ ُ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ُ ُ ) :‬ﱢ َ‬
‫أوﻟﻪ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ُﻳَﻀ ﱡﻢ َ ﱠ ُ ُ َ‬
‫وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫أوﻟُﻪ َ َ ِ ُ‬
‫وﺛﺎﻟﺜُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﻢ َ ﱠ ُ‬‫وﺻﻞ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻤﺰة َ ْ ٍ‬‫ﻣﻔﺘﺘﺤﺎ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ ْ َ َ ً َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬‫َِ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ‪َ ِ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ‪َ ُ ْ ،‬‬
‫اﻓﺘﺘﺢ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪َ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ ْ ُ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮج‪َ ْ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪-‬‬ ‫أﺟﻮف ‪ َ ْ ُ -‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْاﻟ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫َ ِ ِِ‬
‫أوﺟﻪ‪:‬‬‫ﺟﺎز ﻓﻲ َﻓﺎﺋﻪ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َ ْأﻓﺼﺢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷوﺟﻪ‬
‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ(‪ُ َ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ ) :‬‬‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮِ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﺧﻼص ْ َ ْ‬ ‫أ‪ُ َ ْ ِ -‬‬
‫ﱠَ َِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻮل ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮع(‪َ ،‬وﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ُ‬‫ﻗﻮل‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ ) :‬‬‫اﻟﻀﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫إﺧﻼص ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ب‪ُ َ ْ ِ -‬‬
‫ـــﺘﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ـــﻮع َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺷـ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ـــﺒﺎﺑﺎ ﺑُـ َ‬ ‫َﻟﻴْـ َ‬
‫ـــﺖ َﺷـ َ ً‬ ‫ﺷــﻴﺌﺎ ﻟَْﻴــ ُ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔــﻊ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻴــﺖ َ َ ْ‬
‫وﻫــﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻹﺗﻴﺎن ِ َ ٍ‬
‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ ِ ْ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺟـ‪ُ َ ْ ِ ْ -‬‬
‫اﻹﺷﻤﺎم‪َ ُ َ :‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ﱠإﻻ ِﻓﻲ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱡﻄﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻻ َ ُ ُ‬
‫واﻹﺷﻤﺎم‪ِ -‬ﻓﻲ‬‫واﻟﻀﻢ‪ُ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻜﺴﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ‪ْ-‬اﻟ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻷوﺟﻪ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ِ ِ ُ َ -٧‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻮز َﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ؛ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤْﻌَﺘﱢﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻊ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﺎر(‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻬﻤﺰة َﺗ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﻧﻘﺎد‪َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻓﺘﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أو ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻌﻞ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫)َْ ََ‬
‫اﻧﻘﻴﺪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﺧ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻮد‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻧﻘ َ‬‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‪ُ ) :‬‬ ‫ْ َْ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ُ ْ ِ َ‬
‫أﺳﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ ُ -‬ﱠ‬‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ َ ﱡ‬
‫أﺟﻮف ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪َ ِ -٨‬‬
‫أﺟﻮف َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك؛ ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‪-‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎم‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫واوﻳﺎ ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ِ َإﻟﻰ ﱠ ِ ُ َ ﱢ‬
‫وإن َ َ‬
‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ(‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ‪ُ ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‪ُ ْ ِ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎم‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أو ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َﻛﺴﺮ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎز ِ ِ‬
‫اﻹﺷ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺋﻴﺎ ‪َ -‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ :‬ﺑﺎع‪ِ ِ َ -‬‬ ‫أﺟﻮف ِ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫أو ْ ِ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻤﺎم‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ َ ِ‬
‫ﺟﺎز ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫)ُ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ر ﻓِﻲ »َأْﻟِﻔﱠﻴﺘِِﻪ«‪:‬‬
‫َﻗَﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﺣـﺐ‬ ‫ﻳـﺮى ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤـﻮ َ ّ‬ ‫ـﺎع َ ْ‬
‫ﻗـﺪ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َوَﻣـﺎ ﻟَﺒـ َ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺠﺘﻨَ ـ ْ‬
‫ـﺒﺲ ُﻳ ْ َ‬ ‫ـﺸﻜﻞ ِﺧﻴـ َ‬
‫ـﻒ َﻟـ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫وإن ﺑِـ َ ْ ٍ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫أي ْ ِ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ْ ِ :‬‬
‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺒﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ ﻓﻲ َ ﱢ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻞ َ ْ ٌ‬
‫إن َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َْ َْ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺒﺲ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم ِﺑﻤﺎ َﻻ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬
‫واﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎه‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﱠ ْ ِ َ‬
‫وﺻﻴﻎ ْ َ َ ُ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻏﻤﺎ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ُ َ ﱠ ً‬
‫ﻣﻀﻌﻔﺎ ُ ْ َ ً‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ -٩‬‬
‫إن َ َ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ(؛ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻢ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺺ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺟﺎز ﻓﻴﻪ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻷوﺟﻪ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ورد‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺣﺐ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬وِﻋـُﱠﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ) :‬ر ﱠِد‪َ ،‬وﺣـُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺺ‪ُ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻹﺷﻤﺎم‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ ْ َ ُ‬
‫َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ َ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ؛ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ﻓﻲ َ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬
‫ََْ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُ َﻳﺮى ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﻮ َ ّ‬ ‫ـﺎع َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوَﻣـﺎ ﻟَﺒ َ‬

‫أﻟﻔﺎ؛ ُﻗﻠِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ً‬ ‫أو ﱠ ِ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪َ ِ -١٠‬‬
‫إذا َ َ‬
‫ﺿﻮرب‪َ ،‬و ُ ُ ِ َ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻮرب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ ُ ) :‬‬‫واوا‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ ً‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺎؤه ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺢ ﺑِﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ِ ً‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪا َ ْ‬
‫ﻟﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬‫‪َ ِ -١١‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻋﺴﻰ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﻴﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌ َﻢ‪َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺑﺌﺲ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫) ْ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ْ ُ ِ َ ْ‬
‫اﺷﺘﻬﺮت ِ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺎ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ورد َ ِ‬
‫أﻧﻪ َ َ َ‬‫اﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫‪ْ َ ْ -١٢‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ َ ﱠأﻧﻬﺎ ِ‬‫ﱠﺎء ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫َُ ٌَِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻼزﻣﺔ ْاﻟﺒِﻨ َ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫َﻮﻳﺔ َ ْ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ْاﻟﻤﻌﻨ ِ ِ‬‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮل‪َ ،‬وﻓﻲ ْ َ َ َ ْ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ِ ْﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة َ ْ ﱠ ٌ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻲ ﺑِِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪َ ِ ُ ) :‬‬
‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‪َ ،‬و ُ َ‬
‫أوﻟﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫دﻫﺶ‪َ ،‬و ُﺑﻬﺖ‪َ ،‬و ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﺳﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻢ‪َ ،‬و ُ ﱠ‬‫ﺟﻦ‪َ ،‬و ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻟﻊ‪َ ،‬و ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َو ُ َ ُ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻮ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ِ ٌ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫‪ِ َ ْ -١‬‬
‫رد‪،‬‬‫ﺧﻼف ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪ ِر‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﻲ ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪ِ َ :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪرت ْ ِ ِ ُ‬
‫أي‪ْ َ َ َ ْ :‬‬
‫اﻧﺼﺮﻓﺖ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﺑﻞ َ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪث ﻣﺠﺮدا ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬ ‫واﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪ َ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َﱠ ً َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ً‬
‫أﺣﺮف ِ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ‪ُ ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‪ً ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺮب‪ً ْ َ -‬‬‫ﻳﻀ ِ ُ‬‫ﺿﺮب‪ْ َ -‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠِﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُْ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻠﺲ‪ً ُ ُ -‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﺟﻠﺲ‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪث ﻣﺠﺮدا ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ُ َﱠ ً َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ف ِ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪرا‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻟﻴﺲ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫اﺳﻢ َ ْ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ْ ُ‬‫ﻓﻌﻠِﻪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫أﺣُﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨًﺎ َ ْ‬
‫َُ َ ﱢ‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻠﻢ‪ً َ َ -‬‬‫وﺳ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﺎ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وأﻧﺒﺖ‪ً َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻠﻢ‪ً َ َ -‬‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ‪َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻋﻄﺎًء‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫)َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ْ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺼﺪر َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺎت‪.‬‬‫ﻳﺼﺪر َ ُ ُ‬
‫وﻋﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َْ ْ َُ‬
‫ﻗﺎل ْ َ ِ ِ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺮي ر‪:‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﺷـﺘﻘﺎق ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺎح ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻣﻨﻪ َﻳـﺎ َ ِ‬
‫َ ُْ‬ ‫وأي َ ْ ِ‬
‫أﺻــﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺻــﻞ َ َ ﱡ‬
‫واﻟﻤــﺼﺪر ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َ َْ ْ َ ُ‬

‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ْ َ ٍ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮﻳﺤﺔ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‪ُ َ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢‬‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل َ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ َﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮد‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨًﻰ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷول‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ :‬‬
‫وﻓﻬﻢ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫وﻋ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻢ َ ِ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪوءا ﺑـ) ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‪َ ٍ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫زاﺋﺪة(؛ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ََْ َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻳﺮاد ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻹﻃﻼق‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﱠاﻟﺬي ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪال َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮة‬
‫َﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ََْ ُ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْ َِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎل َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺘﻪ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ َْ‬
‫وﻣﺼﺪر ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮة‪ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل َ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮد‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨًﻰ ُ َ ﱠ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْاﻟﻤﻴﻤﱡﻲ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ِﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ‪َ -‬أي‪ِ ِ َ :‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬
‫ﻟﻐﻴﺮ َ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫أوﻟﻪ ِﻣﻴﻢ َ ِ َ ٌ ِ‬
‫زاﺋﺪة َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫وﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫وﻗﺎﺗَﻞ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎرَب‪ً َ ِ َ ُ -‬‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرﺑﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋَﻞ ُ َ َ َ ً‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر َ َ‬‫َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺘﻞ(‪.‬‬‫وﻣﺪﺧﻞ‪َ ،‬و َ ْ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‪ٍ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ( َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ ًََ‬
‫ﻳﺪ ِﻓﻲ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫آﺧﺮه‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ِز َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﻲ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺼﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ؛ ِ َ ُ ﱠ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺪل َ َ‬ ‫ٍَ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺗﺎء َ ْﺗﺄﻧﻴﺚ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺪدة َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺎء ُ َ ﱠ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎن‪ُ ،‬ﻫَﻤﺎ‪ٌ َ :‬‬
‫َ ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫واﻟﺤ َ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ ) :‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﺴﻮﺑﺔ ِ َإﻟﻰ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْاﻟﻤﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱢ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫َ َْ َ ِﱠُ‬
‫واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺼﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻞ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وإن ِ‬
‫َِْ‬
‫ﻳﺎء‬
‫ﻘﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ َﺗ ْ َ‬
‫ﻠﺤ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﻲ ُ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺖ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺎء ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮدﻓﺔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱢﺴﺒﺔ ُ ْ َ َ ً‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ُ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻣﺼﺎدر‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ إَِﻟﻰ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َوَﺗﻨْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ُ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫َﺬﻛﺮ ِﻓﻴﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﻴﺮ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أوزان ِ َ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫َ ِْ َ َ ِ ِ‬
‫وﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎدر َ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬‫وﺳﻨ ْ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ َ َ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻷوزان ْ ِ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ َْ َ َ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻛﻠ َﻬﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َﻏﻴﺮ ِ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ﱢ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أن َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻋ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﱠ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺼﻴﻎ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷوزان َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻲ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َ َ ﱞ‬
‫ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻮاﺑﻂ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬
‫َﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ َ َ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻦ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ َ‬ ‫َﺳﻨ ْ ُ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮدة‪َ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻜِﻨﱠﻬﺎ َﻏﻴﺮ ﱠ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪره )ﻓِ َ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻌﺎﻟﺔ(‪،‬‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﺔ َأو ِ َ ٍ ِ‬
‫وﻻﻳﺔ؛ َ َ ُ‬‫َ‬
‫دل َ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﺳٍﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﻛـ)ﺗِﺠﺎرٍة‪ٍ َ ِ ،‬‬
‫وﺧﻴﺎﻃﺔ‪َ ،‬و ِ َ‬
‫رﺋ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ََ) :‬أﺑﻰ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) ِ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ ِِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺘِﻨ ٍ ِ‬
‫َﺎع؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫دل َ َ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -٢‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫وﻧﻔﺮ‪َ ِ -‬ﻧﻔًﺎرا(‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮادا‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﺷﺮد‪ً َ -‬‬ ‫َِ ً‬
‫إﺑﺎء‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫َ ِِ‬ ‫اﺿﻄﺮاب‪َ ،‬أو َ َ ﱡ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) َ َ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼن(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﺐ؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ٍ ْ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬ ‫‪َ -٣‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫وﺟﻮﻻن‪ٌ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻃﻴﺮان(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن‪ٌ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻓ ٌ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل(‪َ ،‬ﻛـ)َﻣَﺸﻰ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬
‫‪َ -٤‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻨُﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َداء؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬
‫ُﻣ َ ً‬
‫ﺸﺎء(‪.‬‬
‫رﺣَﻞ‪ً ِ َ -‬‬
‫رﺣﻴﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) َ ِ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ َ‬
‫َ ِِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ِ‬
‫دل َ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺮ؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫وذَﻣَﻞ‪ً ِ َ -‬‬
‫ذﻣﻴﻼ(‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل( َ ْأو ) َ ِ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(‪،‬‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻮت؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -٦‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫وﺻﻬﻴﻞ‪ٍ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻧﻬﻴﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫وﻋﻮاء‪ٍ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻛـ) ُ َ ٍ‬
‫ﺻﺮاخ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠٌﺔ(‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْﻟﻮن؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬‫‪َ -٧‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫ُ ْ ٍ‬
‫وﺧﻀﺮة(‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ( َ ْأو‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﱠ ِ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬‫‪َ -٨‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫)ُ ُ ٌَ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻮﻟﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫وﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ‪ٌ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻇﺮاﻓﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻼدة‪ٌ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ(‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻓﻄﺎﻧٌﺔ‪ٌ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻷول ) َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬
‫وﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‪ٌ َ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻋﺬوﺑﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ٌ َ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬‫ﻓﻌﻮﻟﺔ(‪ٌ َ ُ ُ ) :‬‬ ‫وﻣﺜﺎل ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ) ُ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ َِ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪره ) ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ٍ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻗﺪم‪-‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻮل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫دل َ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ؛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -٩‬ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬
‫وﻟﺼﻖ‪ً ُ ُ -‬‬
‫ﻟﺼﻮﻗﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮدا‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺻﻌﺪ‪ً ُ ُ -‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪوﻣﺎ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُُ ً‬
‫وزن ) َ ُ َ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -١٠‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻲء ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻳﺪل َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ْ‬
‫ﺻﻌﺐ‪ً َ ُ ُ -‬‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ(‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻮﻟﺔ(‪ْ َ ،‬أو ) َ َ َ ً‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪرُه ) ُ ُ َ ً‬
‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َِ ﱢ‬
‫وﻛﺮم‪ً َ َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻛﺮاﻣﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﺼﺢ‪ً َ َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺔ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺳﻬﻞ‪ً َ ُ ُ -‬‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﺘﺢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪َِ-‬ﺑﻔ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزم ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻮر ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ) َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺼﺪر ) َ ِ َ‬
‫‪ُ َ ْ َ َ -١١‬‬
‫ﻠﻞ‪ً َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻼ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺸﺎ‪َ ،‬وَﻣ ِ َ‬‫وﻋﻄﺶ‪ً َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺣﺎ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮح‪ً َ َ -‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ -‬ﻛـ) َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َْْ ِ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻮل( ‪ َ ِ -‬ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﻀﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ) ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻼزم ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺼﺪر ) َ َ َ‬
‫‪ُ َ ْ َ َ -١٢‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫وﻗﻌﺪ‪ً ُ ُ -‬‬
‫ﻗﻌﻮدا(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ‪ً ُ ُ -‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ -‬ﻛـ) َ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ‪ِ ْ َ ِ -‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َ َ ﱢ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪﻳﻴﻦ ) َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( و) َ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺼﺪر ) َ َ َ‬
‫‪ُ َ ْ َ َ -١٣‬‬
‫وﻓﻬﻢ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ َ ْ ً‬
‫ﻓﻬﻤﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﻼ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﻜﻮن ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ِ َ‬
‫ﺷﺮب‪-‬‬ ‫ﻘﺪم َ ُﻓﻴ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺤﻔﻆ َ َ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف َﻣﺎ َﺗ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ َ‬
‫وﻣﺎ َ َ‬‫َ َ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫وﺣﺴﻦ‪ً ْ ُ -‬‬ ‫وﺳﺨﻂ‪ً ْ ُ -‬‬
‫ﺳﺨﻄﺎ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻮدا‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺟﺤﺪ‪ً ُ ُ -‬‬ ‫ُ ًْ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺑﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﱠ ِ ٌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ ُ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل َﻏﻴﺮِ ﱡ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬
‫وﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮدة‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠ َﻬﺎ َ ﱠ ٌ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أن َ َ َ‬ ‫َْْ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ َ ِﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ََ‬
‫ـﻴﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺻـ ِ ِ‬
‫ـﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌـ ْ ِ‬ ‫وزن ) َﻓﻌـ َـﻞ( ﻣـ َ ِ‬
‫ـﻀﻌﻒ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫رﺑﺎﻋﻴــﺎ َ َ َ‬
‫ـﺎن ِ‬
‫إن َﻛـ َ ُ َ‬‫‪ْ ِ -١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬‫ﻓﻤـﺼﺪرُه َ َ‬
‫اﻟـﻼم‪ُ َ ْ َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴـﺮ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤـﻮز ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧـﺮ‪ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أي‪ِ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻼم ‪ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ(‪.‬‬‫ِ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻢ‪ً ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮم‪ً ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﻳﻤﺎ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫وزن ) َ ْ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻟﻜـﻦ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺠـﺐ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺣـﺬف‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺼﺪرُه ) َ ْ ِ ٌ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ( َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻼم َ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤـ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ـﺎء ﱠ ْ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ـﺎدة َﺗـ ِ‬
‫ـﻮﻳﺾ َﻋﻨْﻬــﺎ ِ ِﺑﺰﻳـ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻌـ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳـ ِ‬
‫ـﺎء ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫ـﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴــﺚ ﻓــﻲ آﺧـ ِـﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ـﻞ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﻌﻴـ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وورى‪ً َ ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﺗﻮرﻳﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫زﻛﻰ‪ً َ ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﻛﻴﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺼﻴﺮ‪ً َ ِ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﺔ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﺟﻮﺑﺎ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬‫ُ ُ ً‬
‫وﻫــﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠــﺔ( ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻴــﻞ(‪ْ َ ،‬أو ) َ ْ ِ َ‬‫ﺗﻔﻌ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻤــﺼﺪره ) َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟــﻼم َ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤــﻮز ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬
‫ﻛــﺎن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺮﺋﺔ‪ً ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺗﺒﺮﻳﺌﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﺮأ‪ً َ ِ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﺌﺔ‪ً ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺗﺨﻄﻴﺌﺎ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‪ً َ ِ ْ َ -‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ َْ َُ‬
‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -٢‬‬
‫أﻓﻌـﻞ(‪ُ َ ْ َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻤـﺼﺪرُه‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌـﻴﻦ ُﻧِﻘ َ ْ‬
‫ﻠـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘـﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫إﺣﺴﺎﻧﺎ(‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َ َ‬
‫ﻛـﺎن ُ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﺣﺴﻦ‪ً َ ْ ِ -‬‬ ‫إﻓﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫)ِْ َ ٌ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛـ ُـﺔ َﻋﻴﻨ ِـ ِـﻪ ِ َإﻟــﻰ َﻓـ ِ‬
‫ـﺎء ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ـﻮض َﻋﻨ َْﻬــﺎ ‪-‬‬ ‫وﻋـ ﱢ َ‬
‫ـﻴﻦ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺣـﺬ َﻓﺖ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌـ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ‪ُ َ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ‬
‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ِﻓﻲ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪َ -‬ﺗﺎء ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وأﻋﺎن‪ً َ َ ِ -‬‬
‫إﻋﺎﻧـﺔ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﻗﺎم‪ً َ َ ِ -‬‬ ‫آﺧﺮه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ً‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪.﴾+ *﴿ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎء َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺬف ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ََْ‬
‫ﻣـﺼﺪران ِ ِ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ َ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﻴﺎن‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻪ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ(؛ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ َ َ َ‬
‫‪َ -٣‬وإن َﻛﺎن ﱡ َ ﱡ‬
‫وﺧﺎﺻـﻢ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘـﺎﻻ‪ً َ ِ َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠـﺔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗـَﻞ‪ً َ ِ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫَﻤﺎ ) ِ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل( َو) ُ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔـﺎء ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘـﻞ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋـﻞ( ُ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻛﺎن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺨﺎﺻﻤﺔ(‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴـﺎء َﻓ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻤـﺼﺪرُه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﻣﺎ‪ً َ َ َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫َ ً‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﺳﺮة(‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﺳَﺮ‪ً َ َ َ ُ -‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫)َُْ ََُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ( َ َ ْ‬
‫َ ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ــﺎن اﻟﺮﺑـ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -٤‬‬
‫ﻣـــﺼﺪره‬‫ــﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴـ ُ‬‫ﻓﻌﻠـــﻞ(؛ َ َ‬ ‫ــﺎﻋﻲ َ َ َ‬
‫ﱡَ ﱡ‬
‫وإن َﻛـ َ‬
‫ﻧﺤــﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫زﻟــﺰل‪-‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌــﻼَل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫دﺣﺮﺟــﺔ(‪َ ،‬و) ِ ْ َ‬
‫دﺣــﺮج‪ً َ َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻧﺤــﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫)َ ََْ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻠــﺔ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫زﻟﺰاﻻ(‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ َ ْ َ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ً َ َ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌـ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ــﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫وإن َﻛـ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -٥‬‬
‫ــﺼﺪرُه‬
‫ﻓﻤـ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ــﻞ(؛ َ َ‬ ‫وزن ) َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺎﺳـــﻴﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌـ ُ َ‬ ‫ــﺎن ْ ْ‬
‫ـﺐ ِ ْإﺑـ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﻣ ـﺎ(‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ـﺪال‬ ‫وﻳﺠـ ُ‬ ‫ـﺮم‪ ُ َ -‬ﱡ ً‬ ‫ـﻢ‪ َ َ -‬ﱡ ً‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤــﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺗﻜـ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤـ ُـﻮ‪ َ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠـ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌـ ٌـﻞ(‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫)َ َ ﱡ‬
‫إن َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮة ِ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻰ‪ َ َ -‬ﱢ ً‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ َ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﺎء‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻼم َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺔ َ ْ َ ً‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋـ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋـ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -٦‬‬
‫ــﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺤـ ُ‬
‫ــﻞ(‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ــﺼﺪرُه ) َ َ ُ‬ ‫ــﻞ( َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻤـ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬‫ــﺎن َ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َﻛـ َ‬
‫إﺑﺪال ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻛـﺴﺮة ِ ْ‬
‫إن‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺔ َ ْ َ ً‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻼ(‪ُ ِ َ َ .‬‬
‫وﻳﺠﺐ ِ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎ‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ‪ً ُ َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ً ُ َ َ -‬‬
‫)َ َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻟﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻟﻰ‪ً َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎء‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻼم َ ً‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻧﻔﻌـ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ـﺎن ُ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -٧‬‬
‫ـﺎل(‪،‬‬ ‫ـﺼﺪرُه ) ْ َ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻌـ َـﻞ( َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻤـ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وزن ) ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺎﺳ ـﻴﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َﻛـ َ َ‬
‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪ً َ ِ ْ -‬‬
‫اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫َ ِِ‬ ‫وزن ) َ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ــﺎن ُ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -٨‬‬
‫ﻣـــﺼﺪره‬
‫ــﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠـــﻞ( َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴـ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺎﺳـــﻴﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َﻛـ َ َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﺣﺮًﺟﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﺣﺮج‪ُ ْ َ َ -‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫)َ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ــﺼﺪرِه‬
‫ــﺎس َﻣـ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴـ ُ‬
‫ــﺘ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻔﻌﻞ( َ َ‬ ‫وزن ) ْاﺳـ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺳﺪاﺳـــﻴﺎ َ َ َ‬
‫ــﺎن َ ِ‬
‫وإن َﻛـ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ ِ َ -٩‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫) ْ ِْ َ ٌ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮج‪ً َ ْ ْ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤـ َـﻮ َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫ـﻴﻦ َ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠـَﺖ ﻓﻴــﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌـ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘـ ﱠـﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎن ) ْاﺳـ َ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ـﺘﻔﻌﻞ( ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬‫َِْ‬ ‫‪-١٠‬‬
‫أﻓﻌـ َـﻞ( ِ َ‬ ‫َ ِْ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤـ ُـﻮ‪ْ ) :‬اﺳـ َ َ َ‬
‫ـﺘﻘﺎم‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌـ ْ ِ‬
‫ـﻴﻦ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘـ ﱠـﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫إذا َﻛـ َ‬
‫ـﺎن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠـَﺖ ﻓــﻲ ) َ ْ َ‬
‫ْ َِ َ ً‬
‫اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺮة َ ِ َ ً‬
‫واﺣﺪة‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮع ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ْ ِ‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪث َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮة‪ٌ ْ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ َﱠ‬
‫أﻛﻞ‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺔ(‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫أﻛﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ) َ َ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎء ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺔ(‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻓﻌﻠﺔ( ُدﱠل َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﺑِﻨ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫وﺿﺮَب‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫واﺣﺪة(‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺣﻤﺔ َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫رﺣﻢ‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻒ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮة ِ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ِﻓﻲ »َﻛﺎﻓَِﻴﺘِِﻪ«‪:‬‬
‫ﻤـﺮة اﻟُْﻤـَﺮَادْه‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺻـﻒ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺒـﺪي اﻟْ ﱠ َ‬ ‫رﺣﻤـ ٍـﺔ( َ َ‬
‫وﻛـــ) ْ ِ‬
‫َ َْ ْ ُ ُْ‬ ‫اﻹَرَادْه(‬ ‫وﻣــﺎ َﻛـــ) َ ْ َ‬
‫ََ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ؛ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َﻏﻴﺮ ُ َ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮة ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ َ َ‬
‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬
‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪ً َ َ ِ ْ -‬‬
‫اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة َ ٍ‬
‫ﺗﺎء ِﻓﻲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬
‫آﺧﺮه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻒ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮة ِ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫دل َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎء ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﺑِﻨ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬
‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ َ ِ َ ً‬
‫واﺣﺪة(‪.‬‬ ‫)َ َ َ‬
‫أﻗﺎم‪ً َ َ ِ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِﺣﻴﻦ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺼﺪر ْ َ ِ‬
‫وﻗﻮﻋﻪ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ َ ُ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪ٌ ْ :‬‬ ‫ََ ْ َ ُ َْ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺲ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺔ( ِ َ‬ ‫وزن ) ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ) ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎء ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺒﺮِ(‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ِ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻓﻴﺪل َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﺔ( َ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﺑِﻨ ُ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫َُْ َﱢ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪة َ ِ َ ً‬
‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺎﻟﺔ ِ ْ َ ً‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪ ﱠ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻒ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْ َِ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ِ ْ َ ْ‬
‫َْ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ﻳﺒﻨَﻰ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺬ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُْ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺮأة ِ ْ َ ً‬
‫ﺧﻤﺮة(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻬﻢ‪ِ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻤﺮت ا ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َْ ِ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻒ‪ْ َ ،‬أو‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ‬‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻴﺮِ(‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻠﻢ َ َ ﱡ َ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﺟﺎب ِ َ َ ً‬
‫إﺟﺎﺑﺔ َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ »َأْﻟِﻔﱠﻴﺘِِﻪ«‪:‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬
‫ـــﺔ ﻟﻬﻴ َـﺌـــ ٍ‬
‫ـــﺔ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ َ ٌ ِ‬
‫ــﺴــْﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺠﻠــ َ‬ ‫وﻓـﻌـﻠــ ٌ َ ْ‬ ‫ــــــﺮة َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻛـﺠـﻠـــــﺴــــْﻪ‬ ‫ﻟـﻤـ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻠــــﺔ َ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﻓـﻲ َﻏﻴـﺮِ ذِي اﻟـﺜﱠَﻼ ِ‬
‫ث ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ــﺮْه‬ ‫َوَﺷ ـﱠﺬ ﻓﻴــﻪ َﻫـﻴْـﺌَ ـٌـﺔ َﻛﺎﻟْ ْ‬
‫ـﺨـﻤــ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘـﺎ اﻟَْﻤـﱠﺮْه‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن واﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ﱠ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم َ ْ ِ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫َْ ْ َُ‬
‫زﻣﺎن ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺎن ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪث‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺧﻮذان َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﺎ‪َ ْ :‬‬ ‫َُ َ‬
‫وﻣﻜﺎﻧِِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ْاﻟ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺪر‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﺧﻞ(‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل َ ِ َ‬
‫َِ ُ‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﱡ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل َ ْأو‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن َأو َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﻢ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎق َ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺴ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨُُﻪ ِ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﱡ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎنِ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎنِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﺳﻢِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ْ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪرِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن ْ ُ ً ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ واﺳﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺄﺧﻮذا َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ﱡ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﺪ َ ُ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺧﻮذا ِ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن َﺷﺎذا‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬‫ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫واﻟﺰﻣﺎن ِﻓﻲ ْ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْاﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻮزن‪،‬‬‫َ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ْ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ََْ َ‬
‫َﺎوﻟﻪ ِﻓﻴﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻠِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا َﻣﺎ َﺳﻨ ََﺘﻨ َ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻒ ََُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﻳ ْ َ‬‫ََْ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن ْ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫واﺳﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ِْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫وزﻧﺎن‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ( ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫)َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ( ِ َ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َو) َ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎن ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُﱞ ِ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ْ َ َ ِ َ‬
‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮزﻧﻴﻦ َ ُ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫وﻛﻞ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪ِ ِ ِ ُ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن َﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ َ‬‫اﻟﻌ ْ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح ْ َ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ( ‪ُ ُ ْ َ ْ -‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ) َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷول‪َ ُ َ :‬‬‫أﻣﺎ ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫َﱠ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮم ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ِْ ُْ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋُﻪ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﺮم‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺮﻣﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺮم‪ُ ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻼ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫دﺧﻞ‪ُ ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ﱠ ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ُْ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋُﻪ َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮب‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﺑﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒﺎ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺷﺮب‪ُ َ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ذﻫﺐ‪ُ َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫)ََ َ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪) :‬رﻣﻰ‪ِ -‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ‪-‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﻟﻼم ُ ْ َ ً ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻰ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻣﻰ‪َ ،‬وﻟَِﻲ‪ِ َ -‬ﻳﻠﻲ‪ً ْ َ -‬‬
‫ًَْ‬
‫اﻟﺰ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻮاع ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬه ْ َ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫واﺳﻢ ﱠ َ‬‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ( ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‪ٌ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ٍ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫وزن َواﺣﺪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وزن ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ ُ‬ ‫واوا َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎء ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫وﻋﺪ‪ً ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻋﺪا(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‪ٌ ِ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫َ َُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﻮر ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻟﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َﻣ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫وﺟﻠﺲ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺮب‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫واوا‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎؤه َ ً‬‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻼم‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ َْﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬واﺳﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻠﺲ(؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ْ َ ْ ِ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫واﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺮﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮب‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮل‪َ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرَﻫﺎ‪َ َ ،‬ﻓﺘ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫وﺗﻘﻮل‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎ(‪ُ ُ َ َ .‬‬ ‫أي‪ً ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺴﺎ؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻠﺲ‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫وﺟﻠﺲ‪ُ ِ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أي‪ً ْ َ :‬‬ ‫؛َ ْ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳِﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫زﻣﺎن ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن ُﺟُﻠﻮﺳــﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أي‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ َزْﻳﺪ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻴﻦ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﺑﺎع‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ ا ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ُ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮال‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ َ ٍ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻒ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﺎش(‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻜﺴُﺮ‬‫وﻳ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻔﺘﺢ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻮر ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ؛ َ ُﻓﻴ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أ‪َ ِ -‬‬
‫ﻟﻈ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮف‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺮف‪:‬‬‫ﻣﻌﺎش(‪َ ،‬وﻓﻲ ا ﱠ ْ‬‫ﻫﺬا َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠْ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻴﺶ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َﻣ ِ ٌ‬
‫)َ َ‬
‫َ ِِ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ َ ِ‬ ‫ب‪َ ِ َ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬‫ﻣﺼﺪره َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ ُ ﱠ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ َ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮف َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب َ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ج‪َ ِ َ -‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫د‪َ ِ َ -‬‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِِ‬
‫اﻷوﺟﻪ ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻷرﺑ َ َ‬
‫ﻌﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﻨًﺎ َﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀُﻬ ْﻢ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫وﻗﺎل َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺎء َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻘــْﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ ْاﻟَﻴـ ُ‬
‫اﻟـﺬ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َ ْ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻔـﻌــﻞ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬــﺎك ﻣــﺎ ِﻣــﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺨــﻼف َ ْ‬
‫ﻗــﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬
‫ــﺴﻤﺎع َﺟـ ِ‬
‫ـــﻮل ِﺑﺎﻟـ ﱠ َ ِ‬
‫وﻗــ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َﻗــ ْ ٌ‬
‫ـــﻮل َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴـــﻞ َﻛـﻤـــــﺎ ﺻـــــﺢ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺨﻴـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ــﺎر‬ ‫ــــﺎر‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ــﻪ‬ ‫وﻳـ ْـﺄﺗِﻲ ُد َ‬
‫وﻧــ ُ‬ ‫ــﺄﺗِﻲ َﻣـ َـﻊ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔـ ْـﺘﺢِ َ َ‬ ‫َﻳـ ْ‬ ‫ــــﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـــﺴـﺮه ﻷَﻧـﱠـ ُ‬ ‫ــــﺎس َﻗــ ْ ٌ‬
‫ــــﻮم َﻛـ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗــ َ‬‫ََ‬

‫ﻚ ر ﻓِﻲ »َﻻﻣِﱠﻴِﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ‬

‫ﺎل«‪:‬‬ ‫وَﻗَﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﱠاﻟِﺬي ُ ِ َ‬
‫ﻧﻘـــﻼ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫رأ ٍي َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﻪ َ َ َ‬
‫وﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻛﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢِ ﱠاﻟﺬي ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ‬

‫وﻫﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ِﻓﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺬت َ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻴﺔ َ ﱠ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ِ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻨ َ‬
‫َﺎك َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻦ‪ِ :‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺟﺎء ﻣﻊ ﱡ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬
‫ﺟﺎء َﺷﺎذا َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺬوذ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪َ ،‬وﻗْﺴٌﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺴ َ ْ ِ ْ ٌ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ‬
‫ﻣﻈﻠﻤًﺔ‪ً َ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ َ ِ‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻠﻢ‪َ َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻇﻠﻢ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬‫ﻣﻦ ) َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷول‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ِ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ِ َْْ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺬوذ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ َ ٌ‬
‫ُ‬
‫أي‪ً ُ ُ :‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﻮﻋــﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻌــﺎ‪ً ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﻄﻠﻌــﺎ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠـ ُـﻊ‪ً َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻃﻠـ َـﻊ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ـﺼﺪر َﻣـْﻦ ) َ َ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫واﻟﻤـ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ِ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ِ َْْ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺬوذ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻜﺴﺮ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ َ ٌ‬
‫ُ‬
‫رﻓـﻖ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ ) َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘـﻂ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤـﺼﺪر ْ‬ ‫ﺷـﺬ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜـﺴﺮ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟـﺬي َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠـﻮع ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ َ ِ‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠـﺔ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬
‫ِ‬

‫وﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔـﺘﺢ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤـﺼﺪر ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻗﻴـﺎس ْ َ ْ َ ِ َ ْ‬
‫واﻟﻈـﺮف ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫رﻓﻘـﺎ‪َ ،‬و َ ُ‬ ‫أي‪ً ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻘـﺎ(؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻖ‪ً ِ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻘﻴﺎس ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﻲ‪ً َ ِ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻣِﻦ )ﻋﺼﻰ‪ِ -‬‬ ‫َِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔـﺘﺢ؛ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻷﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ(‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ َْﱡ‬
‫ﺳﺠﺪ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ) َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮف َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻣﻰ(‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﻣﻰ‪ْ َ -‬ﻳﺮﻣﻲ‪ً ْ َ -‬‬ ‫اﻟﻼم َﻛـ) َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪ً ِ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﺎس ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪا(‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻘﻴ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ » َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬه ْ َ ْ ِ َ ُ‬
‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻬﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ‪َ َ -‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﱠ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳَﻠِﻌﻲ ِﻓﻲ » ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ َْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎس‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ ُ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻔﻆ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ« ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل«‪َ ،‬و ﱠ ْ ﱡ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ََ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء ﱡ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﻨَﻰ اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫‪ْ ُ ْ َ َ -٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺒﻌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‪ُ ْ ِ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻲء ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮة ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻠﺔ(؛ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ‬ ‫) ْ ٍَ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫واﻷﺳﻮد َ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎع ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫أي‪ُ َ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫َََْ ٌَ‬
‫وﻣﺄﺳﺪة‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﺬﺋﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﱢ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺬأﺑﺔ‪(...‬؛ َ ْ‬
‫ﺬﻓْﺖ ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪا ُﺣ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِاﻻﺳﻢ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ََِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ) :‬ﱡ ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎح‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫وﻣﻘﺜﺄة‪َ ،‬و َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺤﺔ‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﺄة(؛‬ ‫أرض َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‪َ ) :‬‬ ‫واﻷﻓﻌﻰ(‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺜﺎء‪َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ ْ ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎح‪ ِ ْ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أي‪ُ َ ِ َ :‬‬
‫واﻷﻓﻌﻰ‪.‬‬‫واﻟﻘﺜﺎء‪َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﱡ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‬‫اﻷﺻﻮل ‪ َ ُ ْ -‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ ِﻋﻲ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻮزن ِ‬‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ْﻳﺒﻨَﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺮة ِ ْ َ ْ‬‫ﺗﺪل ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﺪع(‪ْ َ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺛﻌﻠﺐ‪َ ،‬وﺿ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٌ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﱡَ ﱢ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ر‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫وﺣﻜﻰ َ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﺐ(‪َ َ ،‬‬‫اﻟﻀﻔﺎدع‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﱠ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أرض َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎل‪َ ) :‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ََُْ ْ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻬﻢ‪:‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫أرض ُ َ ْ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ْ‬ ‫وزن ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻘﺮﺑﺔ ‪َ َ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻌﻠﺒﺔ‪َ ِ ْ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ ْ ٌ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﺐ َ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻌﻘﺎرب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﱠ َ ِ ِ‬
‫أي‪ُ َ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﱡَ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻚ ر ﻓِﻲ »َﻻﻣِﱠﻴِﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺎل«‪:‬‬ ‫َﻗَﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ــــﺎدر ُﻗـﺒِـ َ‬ ‫ﺎء ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ِﻣﻦ َذا ْ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ــــﻼ‬ ‫ــــﻪ َﻧــ ٌ‬
‫ﻣـﻨـــ ُ‬ ‫َوُرﱠﺑَﻤــــﺎ َﺟــــ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻎ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻊ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ُ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫َ ُْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ْأو‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪره ْ ِ ِ‬‫َ ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ؛ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُْ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫أن َ ْ ِ‬‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫وزن ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻪ َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻀﺎرﻋﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ ِ ِِ‬
‫آﺧﺮه‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺘﺢ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻤﺎ َ ْ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ َ ﱠأوﻟﻪ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺪﺧﻞ َ ٍ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮج‬
‫وزﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪َ ،‬و) ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ َ َ َ ُ ُ‬‫أي‪ُ ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻪ(؛ َ ْ‬
‫زﻳﺪ َو ُ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ُﻣ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ََُ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺎ(؛ َ ِ‬
‫أي‪ً َ ْ ْ :‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ْ َ ْ َ ً‬
‫ﺎل«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ ر ﻓِﻲ »َﻻﻣِﱠﻴِﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ‬ ‫َﻗَﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ ُﺟِﻌـَﻼ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ َأْو َ ْ ِ ٌ‬
‫ــﻪ ﻟَِـﻤـــﺎ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣْـﻨ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜَﻼَﺛـ ِﺔ ُ ْ‬
‫ﺻـﻎ‬ ‫َوَﻛﺎﺳ ِﻢ ﻣْﻔُﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﻮل َﻏْﻴـﺮِ ذِي ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎم ِ ِﺑﻪ‬‫ﻟﻤ ْﻦ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ ٍ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ٍ َ ْ‬
‫اﺷﺘ ﱠﻖ ِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪َ ُ :‬‬‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ ِ ْ َ -١‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻞ‪ٌ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺖ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن ِ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻜﺮم(‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺐ‪ٍ ِ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪوث‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎدث َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮد ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻖ َ ُ ﱡ‬‫ُ ْ َﱞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨًﻰ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬
‫وﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ ُ ُ َ َ -٢‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وزن ا ْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ُ ْ ُ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ -٣‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮف َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫وﻛﺎرم(‪.‬‬ ‫وﺷﺎرب‪ٍ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪ٍ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎرب‪ٍ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫) َ ِ ٍ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ‬‫وﺑﺎع(؛ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬‫وﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧْﺖ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ‬ ‫َ َِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺋﻞ‪َ ،‬و َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‪ٍ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‪ٍ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰة‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﻘﻠﺐ ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺗﻨ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫وأﻳﺲ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮر‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮر‪ُ َ ْ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ْﻘﻠﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻢ َﺗﻨ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ ﱠﻠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ُ َ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ََِ‬
‫ﻳﻴﺄس( َ َ ُ ُ ِ‬
‫وآﻳﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎور‪ٌ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ٌ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل َ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ؛ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ َﺗﺎء ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺰاد ِﻓﻲ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْﺗﺄﻧﻴﺜﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ َُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ُ َ ِ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫) َْ َِ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻜـﻮن اﺳـﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪ُ ْ ُ ُ َ :‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ْ‬ ‫وزُن ْ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻴـﺎن ﺑِ ِﻤـ ٍ‬
‫اﻹ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣـﻀﺎرﻋِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑِـ َ ِ‬ ‫ـﻆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛـﻲ ﺑِ َ ْ ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌـﻞ َﻏﻴـ ِـﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ـﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ـﻴﻢ َﻣـ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ـﺸﺮط ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻠﻔـ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ـﻮاء َﻛـ َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧـ ِـﺮ ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫وﻛـ ْ ِ‬
‫ـﺴﺮ َﻣــﺎ َ ْﻗﺒـ َـﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫ـﺮف ْاﻟﻤـ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ـﺎن ﺣـ ِ‬
‫ـﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘــﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺳـ َ ً‬ ‫ـﻀﺎرﻋﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜـ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﻧﻄﻠـﻖ‪ُ ِ َ ْ َ -‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻄﻠـﻖ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬـﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘـﻮل‪َ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣـﺎ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮرا ِﻓـﻲ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤـﻀﺎرع َ ْأو َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫َ ْ ُ ً‬
‫ْ َِ‬
‫ـﺪﺣﺮج‪ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬـ َـﻮ‬ ‫ـﺪﺣﺮج‪َ َ -‬ﻳﺘـ َ ْ َ ُ‬‫وﺗـ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـ َـﻮ ُﻣـ َ َ ﱢ ٌ‬
‫ـﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ـﻢ‪َ -‬ﻳـ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ـﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻠـ ٌـﻖ‪َ ،‬و َ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠـ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ََُ ْ ِ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺣﺮج(‪.‬‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ِ َ ُ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ( ‪ِ -‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ) َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻮز َ ْ ِ ُ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺮة ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ُأ ْﺧﺮى‪ِ ُ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪َ ِ -‬إﻟﻰ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫َْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮﻳﺤﺔ َﻣﺎ َﻻ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺑﻨﻴﺔ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺜﺮة‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗﺴﻤﻰ ِ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻎ ﱠ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺮاﺣﺔ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫(‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ) َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪه ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ ََِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪.‬‬‫َ َُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻎ ﻣﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وأﺷﻬﺮ َﻫﺬه ﱢ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ََْ َُ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫وﺿﺤﺎك‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫)َ ﱠ ٌ‬
‫وﻗﻮال(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬاب‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‪ٍ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻓﻬﺎﻣﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)َ ﱠ ٌَ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ َ ) :‬ﱠ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪام‪ٍ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﻌﻄﺎر(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ َ ْ ِ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌٌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫) ْ َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺻﺪوق‪ٍ ُ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻛﺬوب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻮل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫)َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫وﺧﺒﻴﺮٍ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ِ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻢ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫)َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﺣﺬر‪ٍ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﺟﺬل(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ِ َ ) :‬‬‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫)َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ِ ) :‬ﱢ ٍ‬
‫ﺿﻠﻴﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫)ِﱢ ٌ‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰة‪ ،‬و ُ َ ٍ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫)ُ ََ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺰة(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ َ َ ُ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠٌﺔ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٨‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻴﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ِ ِ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺮٍ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ِْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪-٩‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ف«‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻬﻄﺎوي ر ﻓﻲ َﻧْﻈِﻢ » ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻗﺎل ْ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻣـﻔـﻌـــﺎل او َ ِ‬
‫َ ِ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ــــﺮ ٍة َﻓ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟِ َ‬
‫ﻓـﻌـﻴـ ٌ‬
‫ـــﻞ‬ ‫ﻓـﻌـــﻞ اْو ْ َ ٌ ْ‬ ‫ﻓـﻌــ ٌ‬
‫ـﻮل‬ ‫ـﻌـــﺎل اْو َ ُ‬ ‫ـﻜْـﺜ َ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‪ٌ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َْ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮف ِ َﺑﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮل؛ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َْ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ َ‬
‫وﻣﺸﺮوب(‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺄﻛﻮل‪ٍ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ُ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺒﻮت َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪوث‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ْ ُ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺪوام‪َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫وﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺘﻮل‪ٍ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﻀﺮوب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ُ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫) ْ ُ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل(‪َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜ َ ِ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ِ‬
‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎغ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫آﺧﺮه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻓﺘﺢ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬‫أوﻟﻪ‪ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﻞ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋِﻪ‪ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎت َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِْ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻢ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﻣﺪﺣﺮج(‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻬﺪم‪ٍ َ ْ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮم‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ َ ْ ُ ) :‬‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻖ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫واو ْ ِ‬
‫اﻷﺟﻮف‪،‬‬‫ﻣﻦ ْ ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ْ ُ ْ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف َ ُ‬‫ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻳﺎء‬ ‫وإن َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ً‬ ‫ﻠﻬﺎ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘ َﻬﺎ ِ َإﻟﻰ َﻣﺎ َ ْﻗﺒ َ َ‬
‫واوا ُﺗﻨ َْﻘ ُﻞ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨُُﻪ َ ً‬ ‫إن َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﱠ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻴﻊ(‪ٌ ِ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻊ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ) َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل َ ْ‬ ‫ﻠﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻜﺴ ُﺮ َﻣﺎ َ ْﻗﺒ َ َ‬
‫وﻳ ْ َ‬ ‫ف ََ َُ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘ َﻬﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺤﺬ ُ‬ ‫ُﺗ ْ َ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻮع‪َ ،‬و َ ْ ُ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻮول‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ٌ ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫وأﺻ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻮل(‪ْ َ َ .‬‬‫ﻳﻘﻮل(‪ٌ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ) َ ُ ُ‬
‫َ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺎء؛ ُﻗِﻠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل( ِﻣﻦ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫وزن ) ْ ُ ٍ‬ ‫إذا ِ‬ ‫‪َ ِ -٥‬‬
‫واو‬
‫ﺒﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫آﺧﺮُه َ ٌ‬‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻲ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫دﻏﻢ ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫وﻛِﺴﺮ ﻣﺎ َﻗﺒ َﻠﻬﺎ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫) ْ ُ ٍ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء َ ْ َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺎء‪َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وأ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل( َ ً‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻣﻮي(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻣﻲ(‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪ٌ ُ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫)َ ْ ﱞ‬
‫آﺧﺮه واو ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل( ِﻣﻦ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫وزن ) ْ ُ ٍ‬ ‫‪ِ َ ِ -٦‬‬
‫أدﻏﻤﺖ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻮاو‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ ُ َ ٌ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫إذا ُﺑﻨﻲ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ ِﻓﻲ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ َ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰو‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﺰْو ُ ُﺗﻪ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ ُ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫واوا ُ َ ﱠ َ ً‬
‫ﻣﺸﺪدة‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎرت َ ً‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺎﺳﺒﺘﻬﺎ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮاو‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻮاو؛ ُ‬‫وﺿﱠﻢ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻋﻮ(‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻪ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ ُ ﱞ‬ ‫ودﻋْﻮ ُ ُ‬
‫َ ََ‬
‫وﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻌﻮل(‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻔ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ َﺗﻨُﻮب َﻋﻦ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ) َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وردت ِ َ ٌ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ ْ‬‫‪ْ َ -٧‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ذﺑﻴﺢ(؛ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ) ْ ُ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(؛ ِ َ ْ‬‫أ‪ٌ ِ َ ) -‬‬
‫َُْ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﺬﺑﻮح‪.‬‬

‫ذﺑﺢ(؛ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‪ٍ ُ ْ َ :‬‬
‫ﻣﺬﺑﻮح‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ْ ِ ) :‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ب‪ٌ ْ ِ ) -‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻨ ٍ‬
‫ُﻮص‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺺ(؛ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٌ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ج‪ٌ َ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﻟٍﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‪َ :‬ﻣْﺄ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻠٍﺔ‪ٍ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ْ ُ ) :‬‬
‫وﻏﺮﻓﺔ(؛ ِ َ ْ‬‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠٌﺔ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫د‪َ ْ ُ ) -‬‬
‫و ْ ٍَ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺮوﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫إﻟﺤﺎق َ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺎء ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﺐ ِ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫‪َ ِ -٨‬‬
‫إذا َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺜﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺮوﺑﺔ‪ٌ َ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﻜﺮﻣﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٌ َ ُ ْ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬
‫آﺧﺮه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬‫ﻣﺼﻮغ ِ‬
‫اﺳﻢ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺔ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﱢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺒﻮت َ ﱠ َ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺪوام‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻼزم؛ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‬ ‫وزن ) َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻼزم َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ‬
‫إن َ َ َ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺰن؛ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮح َأو ْ ٍ‬
‫وﻛﺎن َداﻻ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َ َ ٍ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َِ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻓﺮح‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﺔ( ِ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻧﺚ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‪َ ،‬و) َ ِ َ ٌ‬‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ِ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وزن ) َ ِ َ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ََ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﺑﻄﺮ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺑﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮب‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وﻃﺮب‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺣﺔ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺮح‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ٌِ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮة(‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻲ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ‬ ‫أو ِ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺘﻼء؛ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻮ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َداﻻ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬‫َِْ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ َ ) :‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻇﻤﺂُن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻇﻤﺊ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺸﺎن‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺶ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼن(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺆﻧﺜ َﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ) َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻌﺎن(‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺷﺒﻊ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫َ َ َِ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)َ َِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻄﺸﻰ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺸﺖ‪َ َ -‬‬
‫ﻋﻴﺐ َأو ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ؛ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْﻟﻮن َ ْأو َ ْ ٍ ْ‬‫ﻛﺎن َداﻻ َ َ‬
‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻼء(‬ ‫أﻓﻌﻞ( ِ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‪َ ،‬و) َ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻌ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ ﱠَ ُ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫وﻋﻮر‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺮاء‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬
‫أﺣﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬وﻫ َﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬‫ﺣﻤﺮ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻧﺚ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫وﻛﺤﻞ‪َ -‬ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻛﺤﻼء(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﺤﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮراء‪َ َ ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫أﻋﻮر‪َ َ ،‬‬‫ََُْ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫ﺑﻀﻢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ؛‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ِ َ ﱢ‬‫وزن ) َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ َ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻏﻠﺐ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﺎ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷوزان‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ َ ُ ِ ِ‬
‫َ ﱢ َُ ُ ﱠَ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ َ ُ ْ‬
‫َ ْ َْ ِ‬
‫وزﻧﻴﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻫَﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫أ‪ٌ ْ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ِ ٌ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻳﻒ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﺮف‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ب‪ٌ ِ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ َ‬
‫أﺧﺮُق(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺧﺮق‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ َ ْ َ ) -‬‬
‫أﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﺼﺎن(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻦ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ب‪ٌ َ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ٌ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‪ٌ َ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ُ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﺮات(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮت‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫د‪ٌ َ ُ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻋﻔﺮ‪ِ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻫـ‪ٌ ْ ِ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ْ ٌ‬
‫ﻋﻔﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ُ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﺼﻮر(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫و‪ٌ ُ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻮل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻏﻤﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻤﺮ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ز‪ٌ ْ ُ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣـ‪ٌ ِ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬
‫ﻃﻬﺮ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺟﻨﺐ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺐ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ط‪ٌ ُ ُ ) -‬‬

‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ِ ٌ‬
‫ﻧﺠﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺲ‪َ ُ َ -‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ي‪ٌ ِ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ( ِ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن ) َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِْ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ َ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫أوزان َ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺗﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ َ ِ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬‫َ ﱢ َُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وأﻗﻄﻊ(‪.‬‬ ‫أﺷَﻴ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ْ َ ) :‬‬‫أﻓﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أ‪ُ َ ْ َ ) -‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪َ -‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﻞ( ‪ِ ْ َ ِ -‬‬‫ب‪ٌ ِ ْ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱢ ٍ‬
‫وﻃﻴﺐ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ ْ ُ َ ﱢ‬
‫ﺻﻴﺮف‪ٍ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﺼﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﻞ( ‪ِ ْ َ ِ -‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟـ‪ٌ َ ْ َ ) -‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ْ َ ) :‬‬‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ُ ْ َ -‬‬
‫وﻃﺒﻴﺐ‪َ ،‬و َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺧﺴﻴﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻴﻒ‪ٍ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ ِ ) :‬‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫د‪ٌ ِ َ ) -‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ ِﻓﻲ‬‫َ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺔ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ( ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ) َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ َ َ -٦‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻻﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫َْ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫وزن‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ َ َ َ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ َ‬
‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ ُ َ َ -٧‬‬
‫وﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻷﺧﻼق(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎل‪ُ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ُ ْ َ ﱡ‬‫ﻧﺤُﻮ‪َ ُ ) :‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ ِ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﱠ‬
‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ِ َ ُ ﱠ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺪل َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وزاد َ َ ُ‬
‫أﺣﺪُﻫَﻤﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﺮﻛﺎ ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫َ َْْ ِ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ُ‬
‫أﻋﻠﻢ ْ‬
‫)َ ٌ ْ ُ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫أﺣﺴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺆﻧﺜُﻪ )ُﻓْﻌَﻠﻰ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫أﻓﻌﻞ(‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ) َ ْ َ‬ ‫وزن َ ِ ٌ‬
‫واﺣﺪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬
‫وﺣﺴﻨﻰ(‪.‬‬
‫َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫وأﺻﻠَﻬﺎ‪َ :‬أْﺧَﻴُﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ(‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺖ ْ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺣِﺬ َ ِ‬
‫وﺣ ّ‬‫وﺷﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬‫ﺧﻴﺮ‪ّ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ) َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻤﺰة ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬
‫وأﺷﺮ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱡ‬
‫وأﺣﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫َََ ﱡ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ »َﻛﺎﻓَِﻴﺘِِﻪ«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫َ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻬﻢ‪ِ ْ َ ) :‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻨـﻪ( َو) َ َ ﱡ‬
‫أﺷـﺮ(‬ ‫أﺧﻴﺮ ْ ُ‬
‫َُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻴـﺮ( َو) َ ﱞ‬
‫ﺷـﺮ(‬ ‫وﻏـﺎﻟـﺒـًـﺎ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬
‫أﻏﻨﺎﻫﻢ ) َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ْ ً‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼ َ ً‬‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ْ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼ ُ َ ِ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ْ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ٍِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ ْ ٍ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ َﺟﺎﻣﺪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ُ ْﻳﺒﻨَﻰ ْ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻌﻢ‪َ ،‬و ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﺌﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻧ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﱠ َ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻔﺎوت‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه َ ِ ً ِ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ُ ْﻳﺒﻨَﻰ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﱠ َ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻣﺎت(‪.‬‬ ‫)َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ ِ ُ ) :‬‬
‫ﺿﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﻬﻮل‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ُ ْﻳﺒﻨَﻰ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺎ ْ َ‬‫َ ﱠأﻻ َ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫وﺑﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫وﻇﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ) َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ُ ْﻳﺒﻨَﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ْ ً‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼ َﺗﺎﻣﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫وﻛﺎد(‪.‬‬
‫وﺻﺎر‪َ َ َ ،‬‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﻨَﻰ ِﻣﻦ ﻣﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ْﻔﻲ‪.‬‬‫ْ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ َ ًﺒﺘﺎ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ ْ‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪-٨‬‬
‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ ‫أﻓﻌـ َـﻞ( ﱠاﻟـ ِـﺬي ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧُﺜـُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ) َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠِـ ِـﻪ َ َ‬
‫ـﻮن اﺳــﻢ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻜـ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠأﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫‪-٩‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴـﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ ٍ‬‫ﻟـﻮن‪َ ،‬أو ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﻤـﺮ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻓﻬـﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺤـﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴـﺐ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ َ ُ ﱡ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼء(‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫)َ ََ َ‬
‫وﻫــﻲ ﻋﺮﺟــﺎء‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـﻲ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻬـ َـﻮ‬ ‫وﻟﻤـ َ‬ ‫ـﺮج َ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻋـ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـ َـﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻋـ ِ َ‬
‫ـﺮج َ ُ‬ ‫ـﺮاء‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﻤـ َ ُ‬ ‫ـﻲ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬
‫أﺣﻤـ ُـﺮ َوﻫـ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻫﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎء(‪.‬‬ ‫أﻟﻤﻰ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﻣِﻨ ُْﻪ؛‬
‫َﺎء ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وأردﻧﺎ ﺑِﻨ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬‫ﺮوط ِﻓﻲ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ﱡ‬ ‫وإذا َﻟﻢ َ َﺗﺘﻮا َﻓﺮ َ ِ ِ‬
‫َ َِ ْ َ ُ‬
‫َﺎﺳﺐ ِ ْﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‪ٍ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ِ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎغ ) َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮف‬
‫ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ُﻣﻨ ٍ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﻞ( ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ِﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ُ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َﻟﻢ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮف ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪه ِ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮوط‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ْ‬ ‫وﻧﺄﺗﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬‫أﻛﺒﺮ َ ً ِ‬
‫ﻓﻼن(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼٌن َ ْ َ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ) :‬‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻈﺎم ِ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْﺸﺆﻫﺎ ْ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻴﺔ َﻣﻨ َ ُ َ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ َ ْ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ‪ :‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺔ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ٍِ‬
‫ﺧﻔﻲ َ َ ُ َ‬‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ ِ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬا ْ َ ْ‬ ‫أن ﱠ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺾ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﻪ َﺑ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪ -‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ‪َ َ َ -‬‬‫ﺣﻖ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ِﻓﻲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ْ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮق‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻔﻰ َ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮب‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ٌ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻲٌء‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﺒﻐﻲ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻲء َﻋﻦ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮه‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺒُﺒ ُﻪ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫اﺑﻦ ُﻋَﺜْﻴِﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺮح ْ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺬا َ ْ َ‬ ‫وراﺟﻊ ِ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺠﺐ‪ْ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫دون ُ ٍ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺼﻮر َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﺳﻄِﱠﻴِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘﻴﺪة ْاﻟﻮ ِ‬
‫َْ َ َ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ‬

‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ َ ِ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ َ َ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫َ ِ ﱠَ ﱡ ِ‬
‫وﻟﻠﺘﻌﺠﺐ ِ َ ٌ‬
‫وأﻓﻌﻞ ِ ِﺑﻪ!‬
‫أﻓﻌﻠﻪ!‪ْ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫَﻤﺎ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻪ ِ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺘﺎن‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﺻِﻨ َ ً‬
‫َﺎﻋﺔ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ََﱠ‬
‫وأﻛﺮم ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎدق!‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎء! َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬
‫أﺟﻤﻞ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﻢ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ َِْ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﻏﺎن ِ ﱠإﻻ ْ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻼ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ِ ﱠ َ ِ‬‫ﺗﺎم‪ٍ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﺮف‪ٍ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‪ٍ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ ٍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎوت‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‪ َ ،‬ﱟ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ َﺒﺖ‪ َ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ َ ﱟ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫َُ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﺿﻠﺔ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أﻓﻌﻞ(‪.‬‬‫وزن ) َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َُْ َ َ َ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﺪرِه‬
‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ﺑِ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‪َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ ِﻣﻤﺎ َﻟﻢ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮف ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫أرﻳﺪ ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ ﱠ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫وإذا ُ ِ َ‬‫ََِ‬
‫وﻧﺤﻮِﻫﻤﺎ‪َ ،‬أو ﻣﺠﺮورا ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎء‬
‫َ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ(‪ً ُ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ) َﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫ْﺼﻮﺑﺎ َ ْ َ‬
‫َﻣﻨ ُ ً‬
‫وﻧﺤﻮِﻫﻤﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َِِ‬
‫اﺟﺘﻬﺎد ُﺳَﻠْﻴٍﻢ!‬
‫أﺷﺪ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ( َ َ ْ ِ َ‬‫أﺷﺪد‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ) َ ْ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﺼﻨ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺷﺪد ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎﻋﺎت ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺼﺮ!‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻢ ِ َ َ ﱡ ِ ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎد ُﺳَﻠْﻴٍﻢ! َ َ ْ ْ‬
‫ََْ ْ ْ َ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪ِ -‬ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ‪ِ َ -‬‬‫اﺳﻢ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻵﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ْ ِ‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﺮٍ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ َﺑﻬﺎ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ َ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪي ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) ْ َ‬ ‫أداة َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُْ َﱠ‬
‫وﻣﻨﺸﺎر‪ٍ َ ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻣﻜﻨﺴﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َْ ٍ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺌﺰر‪َ ،‬وْاﻟِﻤْﺌَﺰِار( ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََْ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮﻗﺎة( ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزم‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫)ْاﺋَﺘَﺰَر(‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬
‫إذا َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ( ِ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إذا َ ِ َ‬ ‫)َرﻗَِﻲ( ِ َ‬
‫أﺷﺮق‪ْ َ َ .‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‪َ) :‬ﺻُﺒَﺢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح( ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺪ‪َ ،‬و) ْ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺒﺮِ(‪ ،‬و) ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻠﻤﺔ(‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‪َ ْ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺤﺒﺮة( َ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪة‪َ ،‬ﻛـ) ْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪ِ َ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ َ ٍ‬
‫أوزان‪:‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﺔ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻻﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻨﺒﺮِ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ِ َ ْ ِ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮِ‪َ ْ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻀﻊ‪َ ْ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫) ْ َ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻞ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)ِْ ََ‬
‫وﻣﺴﺒﺤﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺴﺤﺔ‪َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪َ َ ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻠﺔ(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح‪ٍ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﺼﺒﺎح(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ٍ َ ْ ِ ) :‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﺎل(‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫) ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻻت ُ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎك َأﺳﻤﺎء ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷوزان‬
‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬت َ‬ ‫وﻫﻨ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺪُﻫُﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﻌُﻂ‪ُ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺪﱡق‪ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺬوذا‪ ،‬ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻞ‪ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ ُ ً‬
‫ﻛﻠ َﻬﺎ ِ ﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺤﻠﺔ(‪ ُ ،‬ﱡ‬
‫واﻟ ُ ْ ُ َ ُ‬
‫َ ْ‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ْ َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺄس‪،‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﺔ َ ِ ً‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪا َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ُ ْ َ ﱟ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻖ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َ ُ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََْ‬
‫واﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‪ُ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫واﻟﺠﺮس(‪.‬‬ ‫َ ﱢ ﱢ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ » َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل«‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ُ ِ َ‬
‫ﺻﻎ اﺳﻢ ﻣـﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜ َﻼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌـﺎل( و) ِ ْ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌـﻞ( َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤـﻼ‬ ‫ﺛﻲ ُ ِ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻣــﻦ ﱡ‬
‫َ‬ ‫وﻛــ) ْ َ ٍ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻠـﺔ(‬ ‫َﻛـ) ْ َ ٍ َ‬

‫وﻗﺎل َ ْ ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻧﺨـﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻫﻦ( ) ُ ْ ُ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺼﻞ( َ ُ‬
‫وآﻻت َ ْ‬ ‫َو) ُ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺤﻠـﺔ(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪق( َو) ُ ْ ُ ٌ‬
‫ﻣـﺴﻌﻂ( َو) ُ ْ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺬ ) ْ ُ ُ ﱡ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬

‫إذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷوزان ﱠ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎذة َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻲء َ ِ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻮز ِ‬
‫أﻧﻪ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻢ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫َ َْْ‬
‫وﻧﺨﻠﺖ ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺨﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫دﻗﻘﺖ ِ ْ ِ َ ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪق‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤُﻞ ِ َﺑﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ُ ْ َ َ ) :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻗﺼ َﺪ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ر ِﻓﻲ » َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل«‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻋـﺬﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺒﺄ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻢ ُ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ﻛﺴﺮ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻦ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎز َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋـﻤـﻼ ِ ِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧـﻮى َ َ ً‬
‫وﻣـﻦ َ َ‬
‫َ َ ْ‬

‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َِ َ‬

‫اﻟﺸﺄن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ِ ﱠ‬
‫أﺋﻤﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌُﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫وﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼُﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻤ َﻞ َﻣﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫أردﻧﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻬﺬا َ ُ‬
‫أن ﻳﻨ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌُﻪ َ َ ِ َ‬
‫وﻗﺎرﺋُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ْﻔﻊ ِﺑﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺳﺄل َ‬‫َ ْ َُ‬
‫ﻋﺎم َ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﺷﻮال‪ِ ،‬ﻓﻲ َ ِ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ َ ﱠ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ِﻓﻲ ْ َ ْ ِ‬
‫َ َِ َ‬
‫أﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم ْ َ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﱠ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻬﺠﺮة اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺘﺔ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وأرﺑﻌ ِ َ ٍ ِ ٍ‬
‫َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ َ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺋﺔ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك‪ِ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ِ‬
‫رﻣﻀﺎن ْ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎدي َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺖ ْ ُ َ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ْ َ َ‬‫َ‬
‫َ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺋﺔ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﻟﻒ َ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َ ِ ٍ‬
‫وﺗﺴﻌﺔ َ َ َ َ‬
‫وﺛﻼﺛﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫وأرﺑﻌ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم َ ْ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺘﻢ ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﱠِ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤﺪ ِ‬
‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ﱢ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨَﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺎت‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻪ َﺗ ﱡ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫َََ ُ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺮْﺣَﻤِﻦ ِ‬
‫آل ﺗﺮح‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ُأﺑﻮ ْ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻦ َﻋْﺒﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ْ‬‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺴﻦ ُ َ‬
‫ََ ْ ََ‬
‫اﻷﺛﺮي(‬
‫ِ‬ ‫)ﺗﺮح‬
‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

  
B A
‫اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

D   C
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫َأَﻫ ﱡﻢ ْاﻟَﻤَﺮ ِ‬
‫اﺟ ِﻊ‬

‫رﺿﻲ ﱢ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ف« ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺐ ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫اﺑﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪َ » -١‬ﺷﺮح َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻓﻴﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ﺎذي‪.‬‬‫ِاﻻﺳَﺘﺮاﺑ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺜَﻤﺎﻧِﻴﻨِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘْﺼِﺮﻳﻒ« ُ َ َ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ » -٢‬‬
‫ﺷﺮح ﱠ‬
‫ﻻﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪َ » -٣‬ﺷﺮح ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻴﺔ ْاﻟَﻜﺎﻓَﻴﺔ« ْ ِ َ‬‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻮ ْاﻟَﻮاﻓِﻲ« ِ َ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺒﺎس َ َ‬ ‫‪» -٤‬اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻻﺑِﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺸﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫أوﺿﺢ ْاﻟَﻤَﺴﺎﻟﻚ« ْ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ » -٥‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻼوي‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼْﺮِف« ِ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﻷﺣﻤﺪ ْ َ َ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺷﺬا ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌ ْﺮف ﻓﻲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪َ َ َ » -٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻲ ﱢ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻒ« ِ ْ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼِﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻼ َﻣﺔ ُ َ ﱠ‬‫َ‬ ‫دروس ﻓﻲ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫‪ٌ ُ ُ » -٧‬‬
‫ﻻﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ِﻓﻲ ِﻋْﻠِﻢ ﱠ‬
‫إﻳﺠﺎز ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘْﺼِﺮﻳﻒ« ْ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ْ ُ َ ِ » -٨‬‬
‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎل« ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪َ » -٩‬ﺷﺮح َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪر ﱢ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺑِـ» َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺎل« ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح َﺑْﺤَﺮق ْ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ َ َ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ » -١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺤﺎس‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎل« ِ َ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﱡ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻹْﺷَﻜ ِ‬‫وﺣﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ َْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻗﻔﺎل َ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ َﺑْﺤَﺮٍق‬
‫ﺷﺮح ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻓﺎﻋﻲ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ِ » -١١‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻚ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ْ ِ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺐ«‬ ‫ﺎل« ﻣﻊ » ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح َﺑْﺤَﺮ ٍق َ َ‬
‫‪ُ ْ َ » -١٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎج‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺪون ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻻ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎل« ِ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ْاﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮة َﺷﺮح َ ِ ِ‬
‫ْﻘﻴﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫زﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ » -١٣‬ﱡ ﱠ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﺲ اﻟﺼﺮﻓِﻲ« ِﻟﻠﺴ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﱢ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ ُ َ » -١٤‬ﱠ ْ ﱡ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻌﺪ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ِ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْاﻟَﻘﺎﺿﻲ« ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ » -١٥‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ْاﻟِﻌﱢﺰي«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﱠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ » ُ ْ َ َ ِ ْ‬
‫ﱠَْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘﺎزاﻧﻲ َ َ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﻤﺪ ْ ِ‬‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اح« ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ْ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ِ » -١٦‬‬
‫ﱟ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﻄﻔﻰ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪروس ْاﻟَﻌَﺮﺑِﱠﻴِﺔ« ِ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ » -١٧‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أﺣﻤﺪ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ْاﻟﻌﺮﺑِﻴِﺔ« ِ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ِ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ِ َ ْ » -١٨‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪h‬‬
‫‪  ‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪٣ ...........................‬ـ ‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ َ ُ -١‬ﱢ َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف ‪٥ .............‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ ِ ْ ِ‬‫اﻷول‪ُ ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف‪٦ ...............................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄة ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف ‪٧ ...........................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫‪ُ ُ ْ َ -٤‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف َ َ َ ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬
‫وأﻫﻤﻴﺘُﻪ‪٧ ......................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ِ َ -٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف ‪٨ .............................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺿﻊ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫‪ُ َ -٦‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ َ َ ﱡ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف ‪٨ .............................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ ُ -٧‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮﻓﻲ ‪٩ .................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴ َ ُ‬
‫ﺰان‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮﻓﻲ ‪٩ ..........................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ْ ِ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ِ َ -٩‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ‪١١ ....................................‬‬ ‫‪ٌ َ َ َ ُ -١٠‬‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎم ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ‪١٢ .................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫‪ -١١‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻷول ‪١٢ ................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪١٢ ................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٣‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ف ‪١٣ ...........‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ُ ِ َ ْ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪ ْ‬
‫واﻟُﻤَﺘَﺼﱢﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ -١٤‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪ ‪..........................‬‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم ْ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -١٥‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم ْ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮف ‪.......................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -١٦‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪي َ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻼزم ‪١٤ ..............‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﱠ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ َ َ ُ ْ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫‪ -١٧‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد َ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ‪١٤ ............‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ َ ُ ْ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ -١٨‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻠﻮم َ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ُ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪ -١٩‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ‪١٤ .......................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫َْ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ‪١٥ .................‬‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ُ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢١‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ‪١٦ .........................‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أوزان ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ‪١٦ ........................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أوزان ﱡ َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢٣‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ‪........................‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أوزان ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢٤‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ‪........................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أوزان ﱡ َ ﱢ‬
‫ﻓﻌَﻠَﻞ( ‪.....................................‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ) َ ْ‬
‫ََ‬
‫‪ٌ َ َ َ ُ -٢٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ‪١٧ ...................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ُ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ‪.................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﱠْ ُ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ‪١٩ ........................‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع ْ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٢٦‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ‪.................................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ْأﻧﻮاع ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫أوزان ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪١٩ ............................‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪َ ُ َ ْ َ -٢٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫أوزان ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﻲ ‪٢٠ ...........................‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫‪َ ُ َ ْ َ -٢٩‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ -٣٠‬‬
‫أوزان ْ ْ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ‪-٢١ ....................‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫‪٢٤‬‬
‫وﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ‪٢٥ ..........................‬‬ ‫ْﺒﻴﻬﺎت َ ُ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫‪َ -٣٢‬ﺗﻨ ِ َ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ‪٢٦ .............‬‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ُ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٣٣‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ‪٢٦ ..................‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻷول‪ِ ِ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ ْ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ -٣٤‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌ ِﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ْ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮه ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ -٣٥‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ ‪٣٥ .........................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٣٧‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‪٣٥ ........‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‪ُ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ‬
‫‪ -٣٨‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ‪٣٨ .................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪َ ِ -٣٩‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ‪٤١ ...............‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٤٠‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ‪٤١ .........‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎدر ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ْ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ -٤١‬ﱠ ْ ُ َ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎدي َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -٤٢‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫‪٤٢ ........................................................‬‬
‫وﻣﺼﺪر ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ‪٤٤‬‬‫اﻟﻤﺮة َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ َ ُ َ ْ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ َ َ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪ -٤٤‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ واﺳﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬
‫ﱡ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -٤٥‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن ‪٤٥ ...............................................‬‬ ‫ْ َ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬‫أﻧﻮاع ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن ‪٤٥ ..‬‬‫واﺳﻢ ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٤٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أوزان ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٤٧‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن َ‬ ‫واﺳﻢ ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ‪٤٦ ..........................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﱡ َ ِ‬
‫ﻔﻌﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺮف ِﻣﻦ ْاﻟ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻤﻲ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ -٥٠‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪٤٩ ..............‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -٥١‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪٤٩ ...........................‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ ِ ْ َ -٥٢‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪٤٩ ..........‬‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪َ ُ ُ َ :‬‬‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -٥٣‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪٥٠ .................................‬‬ ‫‪َ ُ ُ َ -٥٤‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ‪٥١ ..........‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎدس َ َ َ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ -٥٦‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪٥٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -٦٠‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٦١‬‬
‫أوزان ﱢ َ ُ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ‪٥٣ .........................‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ‪٥٥ ............‬‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -٦٢‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ ‪٥٧ .................‬‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺪرس ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ -٦٥‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮون‪ :‬اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻵﻟﺔ ‪٥٨ ..................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس ْ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٦٧‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻵﻟﺔ ‪٥٨ ...............................‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أوزان ْ ِ‬‫‪ُ َ ْ َ -٦٨‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ ‪٥٩ .................................‬‬ ‫أﻫﻢ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ َ َ -٦٩‬ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس ‪٦١ ......................................‬‬ ‫‪ُ ِ ْ ْ -٧١‬‬

‫‪aA‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬