WEEK 16 LAB EXERCISE - Special Senses

Name :Lance Kenneth S.
Garcia Date :
Course/Year/Sec: BS PSYCH 1-Y2-3 Teacher: Dra. Chona Araga
SPECIAL SENSES: ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )
EXERCISE NO. 15 A
VISUAL SENSE
GIO I : To study the different parts of the eyeball
SIO: 1. Draw and label the different parts of the eyeball.
2. Describe the different coats of the eyeball.
The eye is made up of three layers: the outer layer called the fibrous tunic, which
consists of the sclera and the cornea; the middle layer responsible for nourishment,
called the vascular tunic, which consists of the iris, the choroid, and the ciliary body; and
the inner layer of photoreceptors and neurons called the nervous tunic, which consists
of the retina.
GIO II: To study the visual pathway
SIO: 1. Give the receptors for visual pathway.
The visual pathway begins with photoreceptors in the retina and ends in the visual
cortex of the occipital lobe. The photoreceptors are cells of two types: rods and cones.
Rods play a special role in peripheral vision and in vision under low light conditions.
2. Trace the visual pathway from the retina to the cortex
3. Enumerate the different visual defects arising from injury

at different levels of the visual pathway
 myopia.
 hyperopia.
 astigmatism.
Name : Date :
Course/Year/Sec: Teacher:
SPECIAL SENSES: ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )
EXERCISE NO. 15B

AUDITORY SENSE
GIO: To study the auditory pathway.
SIO: 1. Draw and label the different parts of the ear.

 External or outer ear, consisting of: Pinna or auricle. This is the outside part of
the ear. ...
 Tympanic membrane (eardrum). The tympanic membrane divides the
external ear from the middle ear.
 Middle ear (tympanic cavity), consisting of: Ossicles. ...
 Inner ear, consisting of: Cochlea.
2. Give the receptor for the auditory pathway.
The auditory pathway conveys the special sense of hearing. Information travels from the
receptors in the organ of Corti of the inner ear (cochlear hair cells) to the central
nervous system, carried by the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).
3. Give the termination of the auditory pathway
The neurones of the afferent and efferent auditory pathways were labelled by axonally
transported horseradish peroxidase. The first neurone of the ascending system is the
acoustic nerve with the spiral ganglion. These fibres terminate mainly in the ventral
cochlear nucleus (VCN).
4. Give the types of deafness.
 Conductive hearing loss.
 Sensorineural hearing loss.
 Mixed hearing loss.
5. Give the tests to distinguish conduction deafness from

sensorineural deafness.
Name : Date : _____________
Course/Year/Sec: Teacher: _________
SPECIAL SENSES : ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )
EXERCISE NO. 15C

VESTIBULAR SENSE
GIO: To study the vestibular pathway
SIO:
1. Draw and label the parts of the inner ear or labyrinth
concerning with vestibular sense.
2. Give the receptors for vestibular sense and its corresponding

stimulus.
The vestibular receptors lie in the inner ear next to the auditory cochlea. They detect
rotational motion (head turns), linear motion (translations), and tilts of the head relative
to gravity and transduce these motions into neural signals that can be sent to the brain.
3. Enumerate the vestibular nuclei.
The vestibular nuclei are a group of four small special sensory nuclei in the lower pons
and upper medulla for the vestibular nerve component of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
They are part of the extensive cranial nerve nuclei within the brainstem.
4. Give the cranial nerves involved in the ascending ﬁbers of the

vestibular pathway.
The vestibular nuclei are connected with the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent
nerves via the ascending part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
Name : Date :
SPECIAL SENSES : ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfactory, Taste )
EXERCISE NO. 15D

OLFACTORY SENSE
GIO: To learn about the sense of smell SIO:

1. Give the receptor for olfaction.
Olfactory receptor, also called smell receptor, protein capable of binding odour
molecules that plays a central role in the sense of smell (olfaction). The cilia are
covered by the mucus of the nasal cavity, facilitating the detection of and response to
odour molecules by olfactory receptors.
2. Give the location of transmission of the sense of olfaction in the brain.

The sense of smell is detected by olfactory receptors located within the nasal
epithelium. Their axons (fila olfactoria) assemble into small bundles of
true olfactory nerves, which penetrate the small foramina in the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid bone and enter the cranial cavity.
3. Give the cranial nerve involved in the sense of olfaction

Also known as CN1, the olfactory nerve is the first of 12 cranial nerves located within
the head. It relays sensory data to the brain, and it is responsible for the sense of smell.
The nerve's olfactory receptors are located within the mucosa of the nasal cavity. ...
CN1 is the shortest cranial nerve within the human head
4. Deﬁne anosmia.
Anosmia, also known as smell blindness, is the loss of the ability to detect one or more
smells. Anosmia may be temporary or permanent. It differs from hyposmia, which is a
decreased sensitivity to some or all smells.
Name : Date :
SPECIAL SENSES : ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )
EXERCISE NO. 14E

GUSTATORY SENSE
GIO: To learn about the sense of taste
S
I 1. Give the receptors for taste.
O The primary organ of taste is the taste bud. A taste bud is a cluster of
: gustatory receptors (taste cells) that are located within the bumps on the
tongue called papillae (singular: papilla) (illustrated in Figure 17.10). There
are several structurally distinct papillae.
2. Enumerate the 4 types of papillae.
The dorsal surface of the mammalian tongue is covered with four kinds of
papillae, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate and filiform papillae. With the
exception of the filiform papillae, these types of papillae contain taste buds
and are known as the gustatory papillae.
3. Give the innervation for taste sensation on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
On the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is achieved through innervation

from the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). General
sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is by innervation from the
lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN
V3)
4. Give the 4 basic modalities of taste and the particular regions of the
tongue they are most acutely sensed.
Four primary taste submodalities are generally recognized: sweet, sour, salty, and
bitter. Different regions on the tongue exhibit different maximal sensitivities to the four
taste submodalities (Figure 10-1 which also shows the pattern of innervation of the
tongue).
Give the termination of the sense of taste

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Name :Lance Kenneth S.

SPECIAL SENSES: ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )

GIO I : To study the different parts of the eyeball

SIO: 1. Draw and label the different parts of the eyeball.

2. Describe the different coats of the eyeball.

SIO: 1. Give the receptors for visual pathway.

2. Trace the visual pathway from the retina to the cortex

3. Enumerate the different visual defects arising from injury

SPECIAL SENSES: ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )

EXERCISE NO. 15B

GIO: To study the auditory pathway.

SIO: 1. Draw and label the different parts of the ear.

2. Give the receptor for the auditory pathway.

3. Give the termination of the auditory pathway

5. Give the tests to distinguish conduction deafness from

SPECIAL SENSES : ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )

EXERCISE NO. 15C

GIO: To study the vestibular pathway

2. Give the receptors for vestibular sense and its corresponding

4. Give the cranial nerves involved in the ascending ﬁbers of the

SPECIAL SENSES : ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfactory, Taste )

EXERCISE NO. 15D

GIO: To learn about the sense of smell SIO:

2. Give the location of transmission of the sense of olfaction in the brain.

3. Give the cranial nerve involved in the sense of olfaction

SPECIAL SENSES : ( Visual, Auditory, Vestibular, Olfaction, Taste )

EXERCISE NO. 14E

GIO: To learn about the sense of taste

2. Enumerate the 4 types of papillae.

Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is achieved through innervation

Give the termination of the sense of taste

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